
	2020
	Adjusted Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Current Marketable Securities		Non-Current Marketable Securities
Cash	$	17,773	$	—	$	—	$	17,773	$	17,773	$	—	$	—
Level 1 (1):
Money market funds	2,171		—		—		2,171		2,171		—		—

Subtotal	2,171		—		—		2,171		2,171		—		—
Level 2 (2):
U.S. Treasury securities	28,439		331		—		28,770		8,580		11,972		8,218
U.S. agency securities	8,604		8		—		8,612		2,009		3,078		3,525
Non-U.S. government securities	19,361		275		(186)		19,450		255		3,329		15,866
Certificates of deposit and time deposits	10,399		—		—		10,399		4,043		6,246		110
Commercial paper	11,226		—		—		11,226		3,185		8,041		—
Corporate debt securities	76,937		1,834		(175)		78,596		—		19,687		58,909
Municipal securities	1,001		22		—		1,023		—		139		884
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities	13,520		314		(24)		13,810		—		435		13,375
Subtotal	169,487		2,784		(385)		171,886		18,072		52,927		100,887
Total (3)	$	189,431	$	2,784	$	(385)	$	191,830	$	38,016	$	52,927	$	100,887


	2019
	Adjusted Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Current Marketable Securities		Non-Current Marketable Securities
Cash	$	12,204	$	—	$	—	$	12,204	$	12,204	$	—	$	—
Level 1 (1):
Money market funds	15,897		—		—		15,897		15,897		—		—

Subtotal	15,897		—		—		15,897		15,897		—		—
Level 2 (2):
U.S. Treasury securities	30,293		33		(62)		30,264		6,165		9,817		14,282
U.S. agency securities	9,767		1		(3)		9,765		6,489		2,249		1,027
Non-U.S. government securities	19,821		337		(50)		20,108		749		3,168		16,191
Certificates of deposit and time deposits	4,041		—		—		4,041		2,024		1,922		95
Commercial paper	12,433		—		—		12,433		5,193		7,240		—
Corporate debt securities	85,383		756		(92)		86,047		123		26,127		59,797
Municipal securities	958		8		(1)		965		—		68		897
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities	14,180		67		(73)		14,174		—		1,122		13,052
Subtotal	176,876		1,202		(281)		177,797		20,743		51,713		105,341
Total (3)	$	204,977	$	1,202	$	(281)	$	205,898	$	48,844	$	51,713	$	105,341

(2)Level 2 fair value estimates are based on observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

(3)As of September 26, 2020 and September 28, 2019, total marketable securities included $18.6 billion and $18.9 billion, respectively, that was restricted from general use, related to the State Aid Decision (refer to Note 5, “Income Taxes”) and other agreements.

The Company may sell certain of its marketable debt securities prior to their stated maturities for reasons including, but not limited to, managing liquidity, credit risk, duration and asset allocation. The maturities of the Company’s non-current marketable debt securities generally range from one to five years.

The Company typically invests in highly rated securities, with the primary objective of minimizing the potential risk of principal loss. The Company’s investment policy generally requires securities to be investment grade and limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. Fair values were determined for each individual security in the investment portfolio. When evaluating a marketable debt security for other-than-temporary impairment, the Company reviews factors such as the duration and extent to which the fair value of the security is less than its cost, the financial condition of the issuer and any changes thereto, and the Company’s intent to sell, or whether it will more likely than not be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. As of September 26, 2020, the Company does not consider any of its marketable debt securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired.

The Company holds non-marketable equity securities of certain privately held companies without readily determinable fair values. As of September 26, 2020 and September 28, 2019, the Company’s non-marketable equity securities had a carrying value of $2.8 billion and $2.9 billion, respectively.

A reconciliation of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Balance Sheets to cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as of September 26, 2020 and September 28, 2019 is as follows (in millions):


	2020		2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	38,016	$	48,844
Restricted cash included in other current assets	36		23
Restricted cash included in other non-current assets	1,737		1,357
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	39,789	$	50,224

The Company may use derivatives to partially offset its business exposure to foreign currency and interest rate risk on expected future cash flows, net investments in certain foreign subsidiaries, and certain existing assets and liabilities. However, the Company may choose not to hedge certain exposures for a variety of reasons including, but not limited to, accounting considerations or the prohibitive economic cost of hedging particular exposures. There can be no assurance the hedges will offset more than a portion of the financial impact resulting from movements in foreign currency exchange or interest rates.

To protect gross margins from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, certain of the Company’s subsidiaries whose functional currency is the U.S. dollar may hedge a portion of forecasted foreign currency revenue, and subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar may hedge a portion of forecasted inventory purchases not denominated in the subsidiaries’ functional currencies. The Company may enter into forward contracts, option contracts or other instruments to manage this risk and may designate these instruments as cash flow hedges. The Company generally hedges portions of its forecasted foreign currency exposure associated with revenue and inventory purchases, typically for up to 12 months.

To protect the net investment in a foreign operation from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, the Company may enter into foreign currency forward and option contracts to offset a portion of the changes in the carrying amounts of these investments due to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. In addition, the Company may use non-derivative financial instruments, such as its foreign currency–denominated debt, as hedges of its net investments in certain foreign subsidiaries. In both of these cases, the Company designates these instruments as net investment hedges.

To protect the Company’s foreign currency–denominated term debt or marketable securities from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, the Company may enter into forward contracts, cross-currency swaps or other instruments. These instruments may offset a portion of the foreign currency remeasurement gains or losses, or changes in fair value. The Company may designate these instruments as either cash flow or fair value hedges. As of September 26, 2020, the Company’s hedged term debt– and marketable securities–related foreign currency transactions are expected to be recognized within 22 years.

The Company may also enter into non-designated foreign currency contracts to offset a portion of the foreign currency exchange gains and losses generated by the remeasurement of certain assets and liabilities denominated in non-functional currencies.

To protect the Company’s foreign currency–denominated term debt or marketable securities from fluctuations in interest rates, the Company may enter into interest rate swaps, options or other instruments. These instruments may offset a portion of the changes in interest income or expense, or changes in fair value. The Company designates these instruments as either cash flow or fair value hedges. As of September 26, 2020, the Company’s hedged interest rate transactions are expected to be recognized within seven years.

Cash flow hedge amounts that are included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness are deferred in AOCI until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. Deferred gains and losses associated with cash flow hedges of foreign currency revenue are recognized as a component of net sales in the same period as the related revenue is recognized, and deferred gains and losses related to cash flow hedges of inventory purchases are recognized as a component of cost of sales in the same period as the related costs are recognized. Deferred gains and losses associated with cash flow hedges of interest income or expense are recognized in OI&E in the same period as the related income or expense is recognized. For options designated as cash flow hedges, the time value is excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and recognized in the financial statement line item to which the hedge relates on a straight-line basis over the life of the hedge. Changes in the fair value of amounts excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness are recognized in OCI.

Derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges must be de-designated as hedges when it is probable the forecasted hedged transaction will not occur in the initially identified time period or within a subsequent two-month time period. Deferred gains and losses in AOCI associated with such derivative instruments are reclassified into OI&E in the period of de-designation. Any subsequent changes in fair value of such derivative instruments are reflected in OI&E unless they are re-designated as hedges of other transactions.

Net investment hedge amounts that are included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness are recorded in OCI as a part of the cumulative translation adjustment. For foreign exchange forward contracts designated as net investment hedges, the forward carry component is excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and recognized in OCI on a straight-line basis over the life of the hedge. Changes in the fair value of amounts excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness are recognized in OCI.

Fair value hedge gains and losses related to amounts that are included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness are recognized in earnings along with a corresponding loss or gain related to the change in value of the hedged item in the same line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. For foreign exchange forward contracts designated as fair value hedges, the forward carry component is excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and recognized in OI&E on a straight-line basis over the life of the hedge. Amounts excluded from the effectiveness assessment of fair value hedges and recognized in OI&E were gains of $465 million and $777 million for 2020 and 2019, respectively. Changes in the fair value of amounts excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness are recognized in OCI.

The Company records all derivatives in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The Company’s accounting treatment for these derivative instruments is based on its hedge designation. The following tables show the Company’s derivative instruments at gross fair value as of September 26, 2020 and September 28, 2019 (in millions):


	2020
	Fair Value of Derivatives Designated as Hedge Instruments		Fair Value of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedge Instruments		Total Fair Value
Derivative assets (1):
Foreign exchange contracts	$	749	$	303	$	1,052
Interest rate contracts	$	1,557	$	—	$	1,557

Derivative liabilities (2):
Foreign exchange contracts	$	1,561	$	485	$	2,046


	2019
	Fair Value of Derivatives Designated as Hedge Instruments		Fair Value of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedge Instruments		Total Fair Value
Derivative assets (1):
Foreign exchange contracts	$	1,798	$	323	$	2,121
Interest rate contracts	$	685	$	—	$	685

Derivative liabilities (2):
Foreign exchange contracts	$	1,341	$	160	$	1,501
Interest rate contracts	$	105	$	—	$	105

The following table shows the pre-tax gains and losses of the Company’s derivative and non-derivative instruments designated as cash flow and fair value hedges in OCI and the Consolidated Statements of Operations for 2020, 2019 and 2018 (in millions):


	2020		2019		2018
Gains/(Losses) recognized in OCI – included in effectiveness assessment:
Cash flow hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	365	$	(959)	$	682
Interest rate contracts	(57)		—		1
Total	$	308	$	(959)	$	683

Net investment hedges:
Foreign currency debt	$	15	$	(58)	$	4

Gains/(Losses) reclassified from AOCI into net income – included in effectiveness assessment:
Cash flow hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	1,553	$	(116)	$	(482)
Interest rate contracts	(8)		(7)		1
Total	$	1,545	$	(123)	$	(481)


	2020		2019		2018
Gains/(Losses) on derivative instruments (1):
Foreign exchange contracts	$	(992)	$	1,020	$	(168)
Interest rate contracts	1,114		2,068		(1,363)
Total	$	122	$	3,088	$	(1,531)

Gains/(Losses) related to hedged items (1):
Marketable securities	$	991	$	(1,018)	$	167
Fixed-rate debt	(1,114)		(2,068)		1,363
Total	$	(123)	$	(3,086)	$	1,530


	2020
Carrying amounts of hedged assets/(liabilities):
Marketable securities (2)	$	16,270
Fixed-rate debt (3)	$	(21,033)

Cumulative hedging adjustments included in the carrying amounts of hedged items:
Marketable securities carrying amount increases/(decreases)	$	493
Fixed-rate debt carrying amount (increases)/decreases	$	(1,541)

(2)The carrying amounts of marketable securities that are designated as hedged items in fair value hedges are included in current marketable securities and non-current marketable securities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The following table shows the notional amounts of the Company’s outstanding derivative instruments and credit risk amounts associated with outstanding or unsettled derivative instruments as of September 26, 2020 and September 28, 2019 (in millions):


	2020				2019
	Notional Amount		Credit Risk Amount		Notional Amount		Credit Risk Amount
Instruments designated as accounting hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	57,410	$	749	$	61,795	$	1,798
Interest rate contracts	$	20,700	$	1,557	$	31,250	$	685

Instruments not designated as accounting hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	88,636	$	303	$	76,868	$	323

The notional amounts for outstanding derivative instruments provide one measure of the transaction volume outstanding and do not represent the amount of the Company’s exposure to credit or market loss. The credit risk amounts represent the Company’s gross exposure to potential accounting loss on derivative instruments that are outstanding or unsettled if all counterparties failed to perform according to the terms of the contract, based on then-current currency or interest rates at each respective date. The Company’s exposure to credit loss and market risk will vary over time as currency and interest rates change. Although the table above reflects the notional and credit risk amounts of the Company’s derivative instruments, it does not reflect the gains or losses associated with the exposures and transactions that the instruments are intended to hedge. The amounts ultimately realized upon settlement of these financial instruments, together with the gains and losses on the underlying exposures, will depend on actual market conditions during the remaining life of the instruments.

The Company generally enters into master netting arrangements, which are designed to reduce credit risk by permitting net settlement of transactions with the same counterparty. To further limit credit risk, the Company generally enters into collateral security arrangements that provide for collateral to be received or posted when the net fair value of certain financial instruments fluctuates from contractually established thresholds. The Company presents its derivative assets and derivative liabilities at their gross fair values in its Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of September 26, 2020 and September 28, 2019, the net cash collateral received by the Company related to derivative instruments under its collateral security arrangements was $875 million and $1.6 billion, respectively. The Company includes gross collateral posted and received in other current assets and other current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively.

Under master netting arrangements with the respective counterparties to the Company’s derivative contracts, the Company is allowed to net settle transactions with a single net amount payable by one party to the other. As of September 26, 2020 and September 28, 2019, the potential effects of these rights of set-off associated with the Company’s derivative contracts, including the effects of collateral, would be a reduction to both derivative assets and derivative liabilities of $2.8 billion and $2.7 billion, respectively, resulting in net derivative liabilities of $312 million and $407 million, respectively.

The Company has considerable trade receivables outstanding with its third-party cellular network carriers, wholesalers, retailers, resellers, small and mid-sized businesses and education, enterprise and government customers. The Company generally does not require collateral from its customers; however, the Company will require collateral or third-party credit support in certain instances to limit credit risk. In addition, when possible, the Company attempts to limit credit risk on trade receivables with credit insurance for certain customers or by requiring third-party financing, loans or leases to support credit exposure. These credit-financing arrangements are directly between the third-party financing company and the end customer. As such, the Company generally does not assume any recourse or credit risk sharing related to any of these arrangements.

As of both September 26, 2020 and September 28, 2019, the Company had no customers that individually represented 10% or more of total trade receivables. The Company’s cellular network carriers accounted for 51% of total trade receivables as of September 28, 2019.

The Company has non-trade receivables from certain of its manufacturing vendors resulting from the sale of components to these vendors who manufacture sub-assemblies or assemble final products for the Company. The Company purchases these components directly from suppliers. As of September 26, 2020, the Company had two vendors that individually represented 10% or more of total vendor non-trade receivables, which accounted for 57% and 11%. As of September 28, 2019, the Company had two vendors that individually represented 10% or more of total vendor non-trade receivables, which accounted for 59% and 14%.