INCOME TAXES

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

INCOME TAXES

NOTE 4 — INCOME TAXES

The effective tax rate was 18.7% and 15.2% for the six months ended November 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in the Company's effective tax rate was primarily due to one-time benefits recognized in the first six months of fiscal 2024 including the impact of temporary relief provided by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") relating to U.S. foreign tax credit regulations. On July 21, 2023, the IRS issued Notice 2023-55 which specifically delayed the application of certain U.S. foreign tax credit regulations that had previously limited the Company's ability to claim credits on certain foreign taxes for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2023. As a result of this guidance, the Company recognized a one-time tax benefit related to fiscal 2023 tax positions in the first three months of fiscal 2024. Other prior year one-time benefits included a reduction in accrued withholding taxes on undistributed foreign earnings recognized in the second quarter of fiscal 2024.

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the G20 Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (the "Inclusive Framework") have put forth Pillar Two proposals that ensure a minimal level of taxation. Several countries in which the Company operates, including several European Union member states, have adopted domestic legislation to implement the Inclusive Framework's global corporate minimum tax rate of fifteen percent. This legislation became effective for the Company beginning June 1, 2024. Based on the Company's current analysis of Pillar Two provisions, these tax law changes did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements for the first six months of fiscal 2025 and are not expected to for fiscal 2025.

As of November 30, 2024, total gross unrecognized tax benefits, excluding related interest and penalties, were $995 million, $724 million of which would affect the Company's effective tax rate if recognized in future periods. The majority of the total gross unrecognized tax benefits are long-term in nature and included within Deferred income taxes and other liabilities on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of May 31, 2024, total gross unrecognized tax benefits, excluding related interest and penalties, were $990 million. As of November 30, 2024 and May 31, 2024, accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions were $347 million and $332 million, respectively, (excluding federal benefit) and included within Deferred income taxes and other liabilities on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S., as well as various state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is currently under audit by the U.S. IRS for fiscal years 2017 through 2019. The Company has closed all U.S. federal income tax matters through fiscal 2016, with the exception of certain transfer pricing adjustments.

Tax years after 2011 remain open in certain major foreign jurisdictions. Although the timing of resolution of audits is not certain, the Company evaluates all domestic and foreign audit issues in the aggregate, along with the expiration of applicable statutes of limitations, and estimates that it is reasonably possible the total gross unrecognized tax benefits could decrease by up to $224 million within the next 12 months primarily as a result of the expected resolution with the IRS of certain U.S. federal tax matters for fiscal years 2017 through 2019 related to transfer pricing adjustments, research and development credits and other items.

In January 2019, the European Commission opened a formal investigation to examine whether the Netherlands has breached State Aid rules when granting certain tax rulings to the Company. The Company believes the investigation is without merit. If this matter is adversely resolved, the Netherlands may be required to assess additional amounts with respect to prior periods, and the Company's income taxes related to prior periods in the Netherlands could increase.