The Company grants stock-based compensation awards under the Amended and Restated 2016 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "2016 LTIP"). We have granted stock options, restricted stock units with time-based vesting ("RSUs") and restricted stock units with performance-based vesting ("PSUs"). Awards granted under the 2016 LTIP vest over the periods determined by the Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, which has the discretion to establish the terms, conditions and criteria of the various awards. The RSUs granted to eligible employees generally vest in installments over a period of up to three years. PSUs will vest upon the achievement of a defined performance target or market conditions for the Company's common stock or certain operational milestones over a prescribed period.

On May 21, 2024, the Company authorized an additional 8,500,000 shares to be available under the 2016 LTIP, increasing the total number of shares available for issuance under the 2016 LTIP to 21,959,913 shares.

On May 16, 2024, the Company granted PSUs that could be settled in up to 1,335,281 shares of its common stock to certain senior executives and employees that will vest upon achieving certain operational milestones prior to January 1, 2027.

On May 28, 2024, the Company granted PSUs to certain senior executives and employees that could settle in up to 2,499,945 shares of its common stock. These PSUs may vest only if the Company achieves certain revenue and Free Cash Flow targets for fiscal year 2025. The Company also granted PSUs containing market conditions to certain executives that could settle in up to 6,875,000 shares of its common stock. These PSUs with market conditions may vest, in whole or in part, only if the Company's closing common stock price remains at or above certain specified stock prices for 50 consecutive calendar days prior to January 1, 2027.

The Company estimates the fair value for each tranche of the stock-based compensation awards subject to market conditions on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model. Monte Carlo approaches are a class of computational algorithms that rely on repeated random sampling to compute their results. This approach allows the calculation of the value of such PSUs based on a large number of possible stock price path scenarios. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. treasury zero-coupon issues in effect at the time of grant over the performance period. The expense for these awards is recognized over the derived service period as determined through the Monte Carlo simulation model.

Our key assumptions include a performance period of 2.59 years, an expected volatility of 83.9%, and a risk-free rate of 4.7%. The fair value for these market condition PSUs at the grant date ranges between $2.62 - $3.75, and the derived service periods ranges between 0.63 - 1.31 years.

The Company recognizes compensation expense for the performance-based awards with market conditions based on the grant-date fair value calculated using the Monte Carlo model, as described above. Stock-based compensation expense for the performance-based awards is estimated at each reporting date using management's expectation of the probable achievement of the specified performance targets and recognized over the requisite service period for each tranche on a graded-vesting basis.

Stock-based compensation expense recognized for restricted stock units and stock options granted to employees and non-employees is included in the unaudited consolidated statements of operations, net of adjustments. There were no income tax benefits recognized on the share-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023.

In the second quarter of 2024, the performance targets for outstanding PSUs granted prior to 2024 were not probable of being achieved. Therefore, the Company recorded a cumulative catch-up adjustment for the change in its probability assessment, resulting in a $1.2 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The performance period for this PSU ended during the third quarter of 2024.


Table 11.1: Details of Stock Compensation Expense by Category
	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023

	(in thousands)
Cost of sales – services	$	115	$	73	$	600	$	624
Research and development	188		328		(261)		1,945
Selling, general and administrative	8,511		4,817		13,678		19,893
Total	$	8,814	$	5,218	$	14,017	$	22,462


Table 11.2: Restricted Stock Unit Activity
	Service-Based	Performance-Based	Total Shares	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested outstanding units as of December 31, 2023	2,132,613	43,800	2,176,413	$	5.07
Granted	1,780,180	10,710,226	12,490,406	3.47
Vested	(1,806,608)	—	(1,806,608)	4.41
Forfeited, cancelled, or expired	(65,506)	(43,800)	(109,306)	13.82
Unvested outstanding units as of September 30, 2024	2,040,679	10,710,226	12,750,905	$	3.53

As of September 30, 2024, the intrinsic value of the RSUs and PSUs outstanding, exercisable, and vested or expected to vest was $45.8 million. There was approximately $24.7 million of total compensation costs related to stock-based awards not yet recognized as of September 30, 2024, which is expected to be recognized on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of 0.9 years.


Table 11.3: Stock Option Activity
	Stock Options Outstanding	Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding option balance as of December 31, 2023	400,000	$	1.80	9.4	$	740,000
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(83,000)	1.80
Forfeited, cancelled, or expired	—	—
Outstanding option balance as of September 30, 2024	317,000	$	1.80	8.6	$	567,430
Exercisable stock option as of September 30, 2024	317,000	$	1.80	8.6	$	567,430

The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying stock option awards and the quoted closing price of the Company's common stock as of September 30, 2024.

The fair value of the stock options, including the stock options granted to directors, is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of one year, as the annual stockholders meeting is expected to occur at the same approximate time each year.