SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation and Principle of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Telos and its subsidiaries (see Note 1 – Organization), all of whose issued and outstanding share capital is wholly-owned directly and indirectly by the Telos Corporation. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"), and the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Basis of Comparison Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year's consolidated financial statements to conform to the current year's presentation. In the current period, we reclassified and presented the finance leases right-of-use assets separately from our property and equipment line item. The reclassification had no impact on our total assets or liabilities nor on our net (loss)/income or stockholders' equity. Segment Reporting Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate discrete financial information is available and evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. We operate our business in two reportable and operating segments: Security Solutions and Secure Networks. These segments enable the alignment of our strategies and objectives and provide a framework for the timely and rational allocation of resources within the line of business. We eliminate any inter-segment revenues and expenses upon consolidation. See Note 2 1 – Segment Information for further information. Use of Estimates Preparing consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The Company regularly assesses these estimates; however, actual results could differ from those estimates. We base our estimates on historical experience, currently available information, and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Our estimate also considers the potential effect of the COVID-19 pandemic-related government actions, wherein the actual impact of the pandemic on our business could be materially different than our current estimates. Management evaluates these estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis, including those relating to revenue recognition on cost estimation on certain contracts, allowance for credit losses, inventory obsolescence, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, income taxes, certain assumptions related to share-based compensation, valuation of intangible assets and goodwill, and contingencies. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The impact of changes in estimates is recorded in the period in which they become known. Concentrations Financial instruments that subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, and accounts receivable. In consideration that a large amount of our working capital and total assets are held in cash and cash equivalents, we are exposed to credit risk in the event of default by the financial institutions to the extent of the amounts held in excess of federal insurance limits. Due to the financial strength and high credit quality of the financial institutions where the accounts are held, we do not believe that this credit risk makes it reasonably possible that a near-term severe impact risk of loss will occur. The Company's receivables are primarily due from the U.S. government, or from prime contractors to whom we are subcontractors and the end customer is the U.S. government, and are generally considered collectable from the perspective of the customer's ability to pay. We believe that the credit risk associated with our receivables is limited due to the creditworthiness of our customers. We maintain an allowance for estimated potential credit losses. Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Restricted cash represents funds that are held in our money market account but precluded from use of general business needs through contractual requirements. We report our restricted cash balance within "Other assets" on the consolidated balance sheets. Contract Balances The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of billing and cash receipts from customers. Amounts are invoiced as work progresses, either at periodic intervals or upon achievement of contractual milestones. We record a contract asset when revenue is recognized prior to invoicing, or a contract liability when cash is received in advance or when milestone payments from customers exceed revenue earned to date. A contract asset is a right to consideration that is conditional upon factors other than the passage of time. Contract liabilities include deferred revenue, customer advances and billings in excess of revenue. Contract assets and liabilities are recorded net on a contract-by-contract basis and are classified based on the contract's operating cycle at the end of each reporting period. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable includes the following: Billed Receivables - Billed receivables are balances where an invoice has been prepared and issued and is collectible under standard contract terms. Where we anticipate that an invoice will be issued within a short period of time and where the funds are considered collectible within standard contract terms, we include this balance as billable accounts receivable. Unbilled Receivables - Unbilled receivables are balances which have not yet been billed due to timing, most commonly just a month delayed from the timing of revenue recognition and the actual bill being presented to the customer. The company has fulfilled all requirements in order to bill the customer and collect the funds. Contract Assets - Contract assets are receivables for which the right to consideration is conditional upon factors other than the passage of time. The timing of these billings is generally driven by contractual terms, which may have billing milestones that are different from revenue recognition milestones. Both billed and unbilled balances are recorded at their face amount less an allowance for credit losses over the contractual payment terms of the receivable. Collectability of these amounts are periodically reviewed based upon managements' knowledge and analysis of available information as of the balance sheet date, including any specific circumstances related to overdue balances, length of time that the receivable has been outstanding, historical bad debts and aging trends, and other general and contract specific factors. The allowance for credit losses is adjusted based on such evaluation. Accounts receivable balances are written off against the allowance when management deems the balances uncollectible. Our contract asset balance is recorded at the net amount expected to be billed for services performed once the objective criteria laid out by the contract has been met. Inventories Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, where cost is determined using the weighted-average method. The value of inventory is adjusted for damaged, obsolete, excess and slowing-moving inventory. Net realizable value of inventory is estimated based on the historical obsolescence experience and planned usage. Inventories are substantially comprised of finished goods that are purchased customer off-the-shelf hardware and software, and component computer parts used in connection with system integration services that we perform. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is recorded over the assets' estimated useful lives using the straight-line method, which is 3-5 years for furniture and equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their useful life or the remaining terms of the lease. Upon sale or retirement of property and equipment, the costs and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss on such disposition is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, such amounts are negligible. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. We evaluate our long-lived assets, including property and equipment, for impairment whenever circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated fair value. Considerable management judgment is necessary to estimate its fair value. Accordingly, actual results could differ from such estimates. No events have been identified that caused an evaluation of the recoverability of long-lived assets. Leases We determine if an arrangement is a lease and we account for leases in accordance with ASC Topic 842, "Leases." We entered into contractual arrangements primarily for the use of real estate facilities, and certain other equipment. We determine the classification of the lease under these arrangements, if any, at inception based on: (1) whether the contract involves the use of a distinct identified asset, (2) whether we obtain the right to substantially all the economic benefits from the use of the asset throughout the period, and (3) whether we have a right to direct the use of the asset. Leased property meeting certain criteria is capitalized at the present value of the related minimum lease payments. Amortization of finance lease ROU asset is computed using the straight-line method over the lesser of the lease term or the useful life of the related asset. In accordance with ASC 842, we recorded operating lease ROU assets, which represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and operating lease liabilities which represent our obligation to make lease payments. Generally, we enter into operating lease agreements for facilities. The amount of operating lease liabilities due within 12 months are recorded in other current liabilities, with the remaining operating lease liabilities recorded as non-current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets based on their contractual due dates. The operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized as of the lease commencement date at the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. Most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate that can readily be determined. Therefore, we use a discount rate based on our incremental borrowing rate on all operating leases. Some of our operating leases contain lease and non-lease components, which we account for as a single component. Operating lease expense is recognized as rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and recorded within our consolidated statement of operations. The related lease payments on short-term lease arrangements (leases of 1 year or less) are recognized as expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term. ROU assets are assessed for potential impairment whenever there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable and the carrying amount of the assets exceeds it estimated fair value. Software Development Costs We account for development costs of software in accordance with ASC Topic 985-20 ("ASC 985-20"), "Software – Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased, or Marketed" and ASC Topic 350-40 ("ASC 350-40")"Internal Use Software", depending on the intended use of the software being developed. Under ASC 985-20, all costs of developing software prior to establishing its technological feasibility are research and development costs and are expensed as incurred. Once technological feasibility has been established, subsequent costs should be capitalized until the software begins to be marketed or is released to customers after which the capitalized costs should be amortized and reviewed for impairment. Under ASC 350-40, we capitalized certain software development costs when the preliminary project stage is completed and the software has entered the application development stage. Once substantial testing is complete and the software is ready to be used, capitalization of costs cease. Capitalized software development costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated economic life of the application, ranging from 2 - 5 years, beginning when the asset is ready for its intended use. ASC 350-40 also requires hosting arrangements that are service contracts to follow the guidance for internal-use software to determine which implementation costs can be capitalized. In accordance with ASC 350-40, (i) capitalized implementation costs are classified in the same balance sheet line item as the amounts prepaid for the related hosting arrangement, (ii) amortization of capitalized implementation costs are presented in the same income statement line item as the service fees for the related hosting arrangement, and (iii) cash flows related to capitalized implementation costs are presented within the same category of cash flow activity as the cash flow for the related hosting arrangements (i.e. operating activity). There are no capitalized implementation costs prior to fiscal year 2022. As of December 31, 2022, the net carrying value of the capitalized implementation costs related to hosting arrangements that were incurred during the application development stage aggregated to $0.3 million, net of amortization expense. These costs are related primarily to the implementation of a new enterprise resource planning system. The Company begins amortizing the capitalized implementation costs after all substantial testing was complete and ready for its intended use, and amortized over the expected term of the arrangement on a straight-line basis. Software costs classified as held for resale are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Software held for resale are amortized into cost of sales on the consolidated statements of operations. The Company reported the software held for resale as part of the Intangible Assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill is recorded for the difference between the aggregate consideration paid for an acquisition and the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized, but rather tested for potential impairment. We evaluate the impairment of goodwill in accordance with ASC 350, which requires goodwill to be assessed on at least an annual basis, as of December 31 each year, for impairment using a fair value basis. Between annual evaluations, if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount, then impairment must be evaluated. Such circumstances could include, but are not limited to: (1) a significant adverse change in legal factors or business climate, or (2) a loss of key contracts or customers. We may elect to utilize a qualitative assessment to evaluate whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, and if so, we perform a quantitative test. We compare the carrying value of each reporting unit to its estimated fair value, and if the fair value is determined to be less than the carrying value, we recognize an impairment loss for the difference. The evaluation is based on the estimation of the fair values at the reporting unit level in comparison to the reporting unit's net asset carrying values. Our discounted cash flows requires management's judgment with respect to forecasted revenue streams and operating margins, capital expenditures and the selection and use of an appropriate discount rate. We utilize the weighted average cost of capital as derived by certain assumptions specific to our facts and circumstances as the discount rate. The Company's goodwill is amortized and deducted over a 15-year period for tax purposes. See Note 7 – Goodwill for additional information. Intangible assets with finite lives are carried at cost, less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed using the method that best reflects how their economic benefits are utilized or, if a pattern of economic benefits cannot be reliably determined, on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for potential impairment whenever there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If such evaluation indicates that the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated future undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized to reduce the asset's carrying amount to its estimated fair value. In addition to the recoverability assessment, the Company routinely reviews the remaining lives of its long-lived assets. Any reduction in the useful life assumptions will result in increased depreciation or amortization expense in the period when such determinations are made, as well as in subsequent periods. There are no changes in the estimated useful lives of long-lived assets for the periods presented. Fair Value Measurements U.S. GAAP provides a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The framework requires the valuation of investments using a three-tiered approach. The statement requires fair value measurement to be classified and disclosed in one of the following categories: •Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets and liabilities; •Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; or •Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e. supported by little or no market activity). As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we did not have any financial instruments with significant Level 3 inputs and we did not have any financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. For certain of our non-derivative financial instruments, including receivables, accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, the carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. Research and Development Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee-related expenses (such as salaries, taxes, benefits and stock-based compensation), allocated overhead costs and outside services costs related to the development and improvement of the Company's software. Research and development costs are generally expensed as incurred, except for costs incurred in connection with the development of software that qualify for the capitalization as described in our software development costs policy. Advertising Costs Advertising costs are expensed and included in sales and marketing expense when incurred. Advertising expense was $1.3 million, $1.8 million, and $1.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Income Taxes We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, "Income Taxes." Under ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences of temporary differences and income tax credits. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured by applying enacted statutory tax rates that are applicable to the future years in which deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be settled or realized for differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities. Any change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in net income in the period in which the tax rate change is enacted. We record a valuation allowance that reduces deferred tax assets when it is "more likely than not" that deferred tax assets will not be realized. We follow the provisions of ASC 740 related to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. The accounting estimates related to liabilities for uncertain tax positions require us to make judgments regarding the sustainability of each uncertain tax position based on its technical merits. If we determine it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained based on its technical merits, we record the impact of the position in our consolidated financial statements at the largest amount that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. These estimates are updated at each reporting date based on the facts, circumstances and information available. We are also required to assess at each reporting date whether it is reasonably possible that any significant increases or decreases to our unrecognized tax benefits will occur during the next 12 months. Business Combinations Acquisitions were accounted for under U.S. GAAP using the acquisition method in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. The Company allocates the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the values of these identifiable assets and liabilities, if any, is recorded as goodwill. The accounting for business combinations requires management to make judgments and estimates of the fair value of assets acquired, including the identification and valuation of intangible assets, as well as liabilities and contingencies assumed. Such judgments and estimates directly impact the amount of goodwill recognized in connection with an acquisition. Estimating the fair value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities, including intangibles, requires judgment about expected future cash flows, weighted-average cost of capital, discount rates and expected long-term growth rates. Stock-Based Compensation Our 2016 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended (the "2016 LTIP"), provides for the grant of restricted stock units with time-based vesting ("Service-Based RSU" or "RSU") and restricted stock units with performance-based vesting ("Performance-Based RSU" or "PRSU") to our senior executives, directors, employees and other eligible service providers. Awards granted under the 2016 LTIP vest over the periods determined by the Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, who has the discretion to establish the terms, conditions and criteria of the various awards, including the weighting and vesting schedule of Service-Based RSUs and the performance conditions applicable to the Performance-Based RSUs, including the achievement of certain financial performance criteria or price targets for our common stock. Upon vesting, Service-Based RSUs and Performance-Based RSUs will be settled in the Company's common stock. •Service-Based RSUs granted to eligible employees as an incentive generally may vest in installments over a period of up to three years from the date of grant. The grant date fair value per share is equal to the closing stock price on the date of grant. •Performance-Based RSUs may vest upon the achievement of a defined performance target or at the end of the defined performance period from the date of grant, whichever initially occurs. The grant date fair value per share of these Performance-Based RSUs is equal to the closing stock price on the date of the grant or the fair value of the award on the grant date as determined through an independent valuation for Performance-Based RSUs with market conditions. Performance-Based RSUs may vest upon the achievement of certain price targets or market conditions for the Company's common stock anytime or certain operational milestones over a three-year period from the date of grant. In order to reflect the substantive characteristics of these market condition awards, the Company employs a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model to calculate the grant date fair value and corresponding requisite service period of the award. Monte Carlo approaches are a class of computational algorithms that rely on repeated random sampling to compute their results. This approach allows the calculation of the value of such awards based on a large number of possible stock price path scenarios. We recognize these share-based payment transactions when services from the employees are received and recognize a corresponding increase in additional paid-in capital in our consolidated balance sheets, in accordance with ASC 718, "Compensation - Stock Compensation." The measurement objective for these equity awards is the estimated fair value at the date of grant of the equity instruments that we are obligated to issue when employees have rendered the requisite service and satisfied any other conditions necessary to earn the right to benefit from the instruments. The compensation expense for an award is recognized ratably over the requisite service period for the entire award, which is the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for an award. Compensation expense for awards with performance conditions is recognized over the requisite service period if it is probable that the performance condition will be satisfied. If such performance conditions are not or are no longer considered probable, no compensation expense for these awards is recognized, and any previously recognized expense is reversed. If the performance condition is achieved prior to the completion of the requisite service period, any unrecognized compensation expense will be recognized in the period the performance condition is achieved. Compensation expense for awards with market conditions is recognized over the derived service period, or sooner, if the market condition is achieved. Previously recognized expense for awards with market conditions will never be reversed subsequent to completion of the derived service period even if the market conditions are never achieved. We recognize forfeitures of share-based compensation awards as they occur. Share-based compensation expense is recognized as part of the cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. Net (Loss)/Earnings per Share Basic net (loss)/earnings per share is computed by dividing the net (loss)/earnings by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net (loss)/earnings per share is computed by dividing the net (loss)/earnings by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury-stock and if-converted methods. Dilutive common stock equivalents are comprised of unvested restricted common stock and warrants. Other Comprehensive (Loss)/Income Our functional currency is the U.S. Dollar. For one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, the functional currency is the local currency. For this subsidiary, the translation of its foreign currency into U.S. Dollars is performed for assets and liabilities using current foreign currency exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and for revenue and expense accounts using average foreign currency exchange rates during the periods presented. Translation gains and losses are included in stockholders' equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income. Restructuring Expenses The determination of when the Company accrues for involuntary termination benefits under restructuring plans depends on whether the termination benefits are provided under an on-going benefit arrangement or under a one-time benefit arrangement. The Company accounts for on-going benefit arrangements, such as those documented by employment agreements, in accordance with ASC 712 ("ASC 712"), "Compensation – Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits." Under ASC 712, liabilities for postemployment benefits are recorded at the time of obligations are probable of being incurred and can be reasonably estimated. When applicable, the Company records such costs into operating expenses. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company committed to a restructuring plan resulting in a reduction of the Company's workforce, with a majority of the affected employees separating from the business in early 2023. As a result of the workforce reduction, the Company accrued for involuntary termination benefits consisting of employee severance-related benefit costs (including outplacement services and continuing health insurance coverage). During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded approximately $2.8 million in involuntary termination benefits, with no similar costs in prior years, and is recorded under "Selling, general and administrative expenses" on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2019-12, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes," which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The ASU also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. This standard was effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020, which made this standard effective for us on January 1, 2021. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting," which provides optional expedients and exceptions for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. This amendment is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, "Business Combination (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers," which requires entities to apply Topic 606 to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in a business combination. The ASU improves comparability after the business combination by providing consistent recognition and measurement guidance for revenue contracts with customers acquired in a business combination and revenue contracts with customers not acquired in a business combination. Entities should apply the amendments prospectively to business combinations that occur after the effective date. This standard will be effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. While we are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this ASU, we do not believe the adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-04, "Liabilities - Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations," which requires a company that uses a supplier finance program in connection with the purchase of goods or services to disclose sufficient information about the program to allow a user of the financial statements to understand the program's nature, activity during the period, changes from period to period, and potential magnitude. This standard will be effective for reporting periods beginning December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. While we are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this ASU, we do not believe the adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-03, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions," which clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. This standard will be effective for reporting periods beginning December 15, 2023, with early adoption permitted. While we are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this ASU, we do not believe the adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation and Principle of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Telos and its subsidiaries (see Note 1 – Organization), all of whose issued and outstanding share capital is wholly-owned directly and indirectly by the Telos Corporation. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"), and the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").

Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year's consolidated financial statements to conform to the current year's presentation. In the current period, we reclassified and presented the finance leases right-of-use assets separately from our property and equipment line item. The reclassification had no impact on our total assets or liabilities nor on our net (loss)/income or stockholders' equity.

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate discrete financial information is available and evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. We operate our business in two reportable and operating segments: Security Solutions and Secure Networks. These segments enable the alignment of our strategies and objectives and provide a framework for the timely and rational allocation of resources within the line of business. We eliminate any inter-segment revenues and expenses upon consolidation. See Note 2 1 – Segment Information for further information.

Preparing consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The Company regularly assesses these estimates; however, actual results could differ from those estimates. We base our estimates on historical experience, currently available information, and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Our estimate also considers the potential effect of the COVID-19 pandemic-related government actions, wherein the actual impact of the pandemic on our business could be materially different than our current estimates.

Management evaluates these estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis, including those relating to revenue recognition on cost estimation on certain contracts, allowance for credit losses, inventory obsolescence, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, income taxes, certain assumptions related to share-based compensation, valuation of intangible assets and goodwill, and contingencies. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The impact of changes in estimates is recorded in the period in which they become known.

Financial instruments that subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, and accounts receivable.

In consideration that a large amount of our working capital and total assets are held in cash and cash equivalents, we are exposed to credit risk in the event of default by the financial institutions to the extent of the amounts held in excess of federal insurance limits. Due to the financial strength and high credit quality of the financial institutions where the accounts are held, we do not believe that this credit risk makes it reasonably possible that a near-term severe impact risk of loss will occur.

The Company's receivables are primarily due from the U.S. government, or from prime contractors to whom we are subcontractors and the end customer is the U.S. government, and are generally considered collectable from the perspective of the customer's ability to pay. We believe that the credit risk associated with our receivables is limited due to the creditworthiness of our customers. We maintain an allowance for estimated potential credit losses.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Restricted cash represents funds that are held in our money market account but precluded from use of general business needs through contractual requirements. We report our restricted cash balance within "Other assets" on the consolidated balance sheets.

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of billing and cash receipts from customers. Amounts are invoiced as work progresses, either at periodic intervals or upon achievement of contractual milestones. We record a contract asset when revenue is recognized prior to invoicing, or a contract liability when cash is received in advance or when milestone payments from customers exceed revenue earned to date.

A contract asset is a right to consideration that is conditional upon factors other than the passage of time. Contract liabilities include deferred revenue, customer advances and billings in excess of revenue. Contract assets and liabilities are recorded net on a contract-by-contract basis and are classified based on the contract's operating cycle at the end of each reporting period.

Accounts receivable includes the following:

Billed Receivables - Billed receivables are balances where an invoice has been prepared and issued and is collectible under standard contract terms. Where we anticipate that an invoice will be issued within a short period of time and where the funds are considered collectible within standard contract terms, we include this balance as billable accounts receivable.

Unbilled Receivables - Unbilled receivables are balances which have not yet been billed due to timing, most commonly just a month delayed from the timing of revenue recognition and the actual bill being presented to the customer. The company has fulfilled all requirements in order to bill the customer and collect the funds.

Contract Assets - Contract assets are receivables for which the right to consideration is conditional upon factors other than the passage of time. The timing of these billings is generally driven by contractual terms, which may have billing milestones that are different from revenue recognition milestones.

Both billed and unbilled balances are recorded at their face amount less an allowance for credit losses over the contractual payment terms of the receivable. Collectability of these amounts are periodically reviewed based upon managements' knowledge and analysis of available information as of the balance sheet date, including any specific circumstances related to overdue balances, length of time that the receivable has been outstanding, historical bad debts and aging trends, and other general and contract specific factors. The allowance for credit losses is adjusted based on such evaluation. Accounts receivable balances are written off against the allowance when management deems the balances uncollectible.

Our contract asset balance is recorded at the net amount expected to be billed for services performed once the objective criteria laid out by the contract has been met.

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, where cost is determined using the weighted-average method. The value of inventory is adjusted for damaged, obsolete, excess and slowing-moving inventory. Net realizable value of inventory is estimated based on the historical obsolescence experience and planned usage.

Inventories are substantially comprised of finished goods that are purchased customer off-the-shelf hardware and software, and component computer parts used in connection with system integration services that we perform.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is recorded over the assets' estimated useful lives using the straight-line method, which is 3-5 years for furniture and equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their useful life or the remaining terms of the lease.

Upon sale or retirement of property and equipment, the costs and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss on such disposition is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, such amounts are negligible. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

We evaluate our long-lived assets, including property and equipment, for impairment whenever circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated fair value. Considerable management judgment is necessary to estimate its fair value. Accordingly, actual results could differ from such estimates. No events have been identified that caused an evaluation of the recoverability of long-lived assets.

We determine if an arrangement is a lease and we account for leases in accordance with ASC Topic 842, "Leases." We entered into contractual arrangements primarily for the use of real estate facilities, and certain other equipment. We determine the classification of the lease under these arrangements, if any, at inception based on: (1) whether the contract involves the use of a distinct identified asset, (2) whether we obtain the right to substantially all the economic benefits from the use of the asset throughout the period, and (3) whether we have a right to direct the use of the asset.

Leased property meeting certain criteria is capitalized at the present value of the related minimum lease payments. Amortization of finance lease ROU asset is computed using the straight-line method over the lesser of the lease term or the useful life of the related asset.

In accordance with ASC 842, we recorded operating lease ROU assets, which represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and operating lease liabilities which represent our obligation to make lease payments. Generally, we enter into operating lease agreements for facilities. The amount of operating lease liabilities due within 12 months are recorded in other current liabilities, with the remaining operating lease liabilities recorded as non-current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets based on their contractual due dates. The operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized as of the lease commencement date at the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. Most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate that can readily be determined. Therefore, we use a discount rate based on our incremental borrowing rate on all operating leases. Some of our operating leases contain lease and non-lease components, which we account for as a single component. Operating lease expense is recognized as rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and recorded within our consolidated statement of operations.

The related lease payments on short-term lease arrangements (leases of 1 year or less) are recognized as expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

ROU assets are assessed for potential impairment whenever there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable and the carrying amount of the assets exceeds it estimated fair value.

Software Development Costs

We account for development costs of software in accordance with ASC Topic 985-20 ("ASC 985-20"), "Software – Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased, or Marketed" and ASC Topic 350-40 ("ASC 350-40")"Internal Use Software", depending on the intended use of the software being developed. Under ASC 985-20, all costs of developing software prior to establishing its technological feasibility are research and development costs and are expensed as incurred. Once technological feasibility has been established, subsequent costs should be capitalized until the software begins to be marketed or is released to customers after which the capitalized costs should be amortized and reviewed for impairment. Under ASC 350-40, we capitalized certain software development costs when the preliminary project stage is completed and the software has entered the application development stage. Once substantial testing is complete and the software is ready to be used, capitalization of costs cease.

Capitalized software development costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated economic life of the application, ranging from 2 - 5 years, beginning when the asset is ready for its intended use.

ASC 350-40 also requires hosting arrangements that are service contracts to follow the guidance for internal-use software to determine which implementation costs can be capitalized. In accordance with ASC 350-40, (i) capitalized implementation costs are classified in the same balance sheet line item as the amounts prepaid for the related hosting arrangement, (ii) amortization of capitalized implementation costs are presented in the same income statement line item as the service fees for the related hosting arrangement, and (iii) cash flows related to capitalized implementation costs are presented within the same category of cash flow activity as the cash flow for the related hosting arrangements (i.e. operating activity). There are no capitalized implementation costs prior to fiscal year 2022. As of December 31, 2022, the net carrying value of the capitalized implementation costs related to hosting arrangements that were incurred during the application development stage aggregated to $0.3 million, net of amortization expense. These costs are related primarily to the implementation of a new enterprise resource planning system. The Company begins amortizing the capitalized implementation costs after all substantial testing was complete and ready for its intended use, and amortized over the expected term of the arrangement on a straight-line basis.

Software costs classified as held for resale are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Software held for resale are amortized into cost of sales on the consolidated statements of operations. The Company reported the software held for resale as part of the Intangible Assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill is recorded for the difference between the aggregate consideration paid for an acquisition and the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized, but rather tested for potential impairment. We evaluate the impairment of goodwill in accordance with ASC 350, which requires goodwill to be assessed on at least an annual basis, as of December 31 each year, for impairment using a fair value basis. Between annual evaluations, if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount, then impairment must be evaluated. Such circumstances could include, but are not limited to: (1) a significant adverse change in legal factors or business climate, or (2) a loss of key contracts or customers.

We may elect to utilize a qualitative assessment to evaluate whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, and if so, we perform a quantitative test. We compare the carrying value of each reporting unit to its estimated fair value, and if the fair value is determined to be less than the carrying value, we recognize an impairment loss for the difference. The evaluation is based on the estimation of the fair values at the reporting unit level in comparison to the reporting unit's net asset carrying values. Our discounted cash flows requires management's judgment with respect to forecasted revenue streams and operating margins, capital expenditures and the selection and use of an appropriate discount rate. We utilize the weighted average cost of capital as derived by certain assumptions specific to our facts and circumstances as the discount rate.

The Company's goodwill is amortized and deducted over a 15-year period for tax purposes. See Note 7 – Goodwill for additional information.

Intangible assets with finite lives are carried at cost, less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed using the method that best reflects how their economic benefits are utilized or, if a pattern of economic benefits cannot be reliably determined, on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for potential impairment whenever there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If such evaluation indicates that the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated future undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized to reduce the asset's carrying amount to its estimated fair value.

In addition to the recoverability assessment, the Company routinely reviews the remaining lives of its long-lived assets. Any reduction in the useful life assumptions will result in increased depreciation or amortization expense in the period when such determinations are made, as well as in subsequent periods. There are no changes in the estimated useful lives of long-lived assets for the periods presented.

Fair Value Measurements

U.S. GAAP provides a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The framework requires the valuation of investments using a three-tiered approach. The statement requires fair value measurement to be classified and disclosed in one of the following categories:

•Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets and liabilities;

•Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; or

•Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e. supported by little or no market activity).

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we did not have any financial instruments with significant Level 3 inputs and we did not have any financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

For certain of our non-derivative financial instruments, including receivables, accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, the carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee-related expenses (such as salaries, taxes, benefits and stock-based compensation), allocated overhead costs and outside services costs related to the development and improvement of the Company's software. Research and development costs are generally expensed as incurred, except for costs incurred in connection with the development of software that qualify for the capitalization as described in our software development costs policy.

Advertising costs are expensed and included in sales and marketing expense when incurred. Advertising expense was $1.3 million, $1.8 million, and $1.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, "Income Taxes." Under ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences of temporary differences and income tax credits. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured by applying enacted statutory tax rates that are applicable to the future years in which deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be settled or realized for differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities. Any change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in net income in the period in which the tax rate change is enacted. We record a valuation allowance that reduces deferred tax assets when it is "more likely than not" that deferred tax assets will not be realized.

We follow the provisions of ASC 740 related to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. The accounting estimates related to liabilities for uncertain tax positions require us to make judgments regarding the sustainability of each uncertain tax position based on its technical merits. If we determine it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained based on its technical merits, we record the impact of the position in our consolidated financial statements at the largest amount that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. These estimates are updated at each reporting date based on the facts, circumstances and information available. We are also required to assess at each reporting date whether it is reasonably possible that any significant increases or decreases to our unrecognized tax benefits will occur during the next 12 months.

Business Combinations

Acquisitions were accounted for under U.S. GAAP using the acquisition method in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. The Company allocates the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the values of these identifiable assets and liabilities, if any, is recorded as goodwill.

The accounting for business combinations requires management to make judgments and estimates of the fair value of assets acquired, including the identification and valuation of intangible assets, as well as liabilities and contingencies assumed. Such judgments and estimates directly impact the amount of goodwill recognized in connection with an acquisition. Estimating the fair value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities, including intangibles, requires judgment about expected future cash flows, weighted-average cost of capital, discount rates and expected long-term growth rates.

Stock-Based Compensation

Our 2016 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended (the "2016 LTIP"), provides for the grant of restricted stock units with time-based vesting ("Service-Based RSU" or "RSU") and restricted stock units with performance-based vesting ("Performance-Based RSU" or "PRSU") to our senior executives, directors, employees and other eligible service providers. Awards granted under the 2016 LTIP vest over the periods determined by the Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, who has the discretion to establish the terms, conditions and criteria of the various awards, including the weighting and vesting schedule of Service-Based RSUs and the performance conditions applicable to the Performance-Based RSUs, including the achievement of certain financial performance criteria or price targets for our common stock. Upon vesting, Service-Based RSUs and Performance-Based RSUs will be settled in the Company's common stock.

•Service-Based RSUs granted to eligible employees as an incentive generally may vest in installments over a period of up to three years from the date of grant. The grant date fair value per share is equal to the closing stock price on the date of grant.

•Performance-Based RSUs may vest upon the achievement of a defined performance target or at the end of the defined performance period from the date of grant, whichever initially occurs. The grant date fair value per share of these Performance-Based RSUs is equal to the closing stock price on the date of the grant or the fair value of the award on the grant date as determined through an independent valuation for Performance-Based RSUs with market conditions. Performance-Based RSUs may vest upon the achievement of certain price targets or market conditions for the Company's common stock anytime or certain operational milestones over a three-year period from the date of grant. In order to reflect the substantive characteristics of these market condition awards, the Company employs a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model to calculate the grant date fair value and corresponding requisite service period of the award. Monte Carlo approaches are a class of computational algorithms that rely on repeated random sampling to compute their results. This approach allows the calculation of the value of such awards based on a large number of possible stock price path scenarios.

We recognize these share-based payment transactions when services from the employees are received and recognize a corresponding increase in additional paid-in capital in our consolidated balance sheets, in accordance with ASC 718, "Compensation - Stock Compensation." The measurement objective for these equity awards is the estimated fair value at the date of grant of the equity instruments that we are obligated to issue when employees have rendered the requisite service and satisfied any other conditions necessary to earn the right to benefit from the instruments. The compensation expense for an award is recognized ratably over the requisite service period for the entire award, which is the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for an award. Compensation expense for awards with performance conditions is recognized over the requisite service period if it is probable that the performance condition will be satisfied. If such performance conditions are not or are no longer considered probable, no compensation expense for these awards is recognized, and any previously recognized expense is reversed. If the performance condition is achieved prior to the completion of the requisite service period, any unrecognized compensation expense will be recognized in the period the performance condition is achieved. Compensation expense for awards with market conditions is recognized over the derived service period, or sooner, if the market condition is achieved. Previously recognized expense for awards with market conditions will never be reversed subsequent to completion of the derived service period even if the market conditions are never achieved. We recognize forfeitures of share-based compensation awards as they occur. Share-based compensation expense is recognized as part of the cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.

Net (Loss)/Earnings per Share

Basic net (loss)/earnings per share is computed by dividing the net (loss)/earnings by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net (loss)/earnings per share is computed by dividing the net (loss)/earnings by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury-stock and if-converted methods. Dilutive common stock equivalents are comprised of unvested restricted common stock and warrants.

Other Comprehensive (Loss)/Income

Our functional currency is the U.S. Dollar. For one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, the functional currency is the local currency. For this subsidiary, the translation of its foreign currency into U.S. Dollars is performed for assets and liabilities using current foreign currency exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and for revenue and expense accounts using average foreign currency exchange rates during the periods presented. Translation gains and losses are included in stockholders' equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income.

Restructuring Expenses

The determination of when the Company accrues for involuntary termination benefits under restructuring plans depends on whether the termination benefits are provided under an on-going benefit arrangement or under a one-time benefit arrangement. The Company accounts for on-going benefit arrangements, such as those documented by employment agreements, in accordance with ASC 712 ("ASC 712"), "Compensation – Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits." Under ASC 712, liabilities for postemployment benefits are recorded at the time of obligations are probable of being incurred and can be reasonably estimated. When applicable, the Company records such costs into operating expenses.

In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company committed to a restructuring plan resulting in a reduction of the Company's workforce, with a majority of the affected employees separating from the business in early 2023. As a result of the workforce reduction, the Company accrued for involuntary termination benefits consisting of employee severance-related benefit costs (including outplacement services and continuing health insurance coverage). During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded approximately $2.8 million in involuntary termination benefits, with no similar costs in prior years, and is recorded under "Selling, general and administrative expenses" on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2019-12, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes," which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The ASU also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. This standard was effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020, which made this standard effective for us on January 1, 2021. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting," which provides optional expedients and exceptions for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. This amendment is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, "Business Combination (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers," which requires entities to apply Topic 606 to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in a business combination. The ASU improves comparability after the business combination by providing consistent recognition and measurement guidance for revenue contracts with customers acquired in a business combination and revenue contracts with customers not acquired in a business combination. Entities should apply the amendments prospectively to business combinations that occur after the effective date. This standard will be effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. While we are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this ASU, we do not believe the adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-04, "Liabilities - Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations," which requires a company that uses a supplier finance program in connection with the purchase of goods or services to disclose sufficient information about the program to allow a user of the financial statements to understand the program's nature, activity during the period, changes from period to period, and potential magnitude. This standard will be effective for reporting periods beginning December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. While we are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this ASU, we do not believe the adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-03, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions," which clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. This standard will be effective for reporting periods beginning December 15, 2023, with early adoption permitted. While we are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this ASU, we do not believe the adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.