485APOS 1 cmspea86final.htm CMS PEA #86 FINAL 485A DTD 7-20-2017 Part_C_Template.doc

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 20, 2017

1933 Act File No. 002-69565

1940 Act File No. 811-03101

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

FORM N-1A

 

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT of 1933

o

 

POST-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. 86

x

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940

o

 

AMENDMENT NO. 86

x

 

CALVERT MANAGEMENT SERIES

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

4550 Montgomery Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland 20814

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

 

(301) 951-4800

(Registrants Telephone Number)

 

MAUREEN A. GEMMA

Two International Place, Boston, Massachusetts 02110

(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

 

It is proposed that this filing will become effective pursuant to Rule 485 (check appropriate box):

¨

immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)

¨

on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

¨

on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b)

x

75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)

¨

60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

o

on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)

If appropriate, check the following box:

o

This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.





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PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION

__, 2017

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed.  These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective.  This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale would be prohibited.


Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares

Ticker  [__]

Listing Exchange:  The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC


Prospectus Dated
__, 2017

The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) has not approved or disapproved these securities or determined whether this Prospectus is truthful or complete.  Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Information in this Prospectus

 

Page

 

Page

Fund Summary

2

Investment Objective & Principal Policies and Risks

10

Investment Objective

2

About Responsible Investing

14

Fees and Expenses of the Fund

2

Additional Information about NextShares

14

Portfolio Turnover

2

Management and Organization

16

Principal Investment Strategies

2

Prior Related Performance of Similarly Managed Fund

17

About NextShares

3

How Net Asset Value is Determined

17

Principal Risks

4

Buying and Selling Shares

18

Performance

6

Distribution

21

Management

6

Portfolio Holdings Disclosure

21

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

7

Fund Distributions

22

Tax Information

9

Additional Tax Information

22

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

9

Appendix A – The Calvert Principles for Responsible Investment

24

NextSharesTM are a new type of actively managed fund that differ from traditional mutual funds and exchange-traded funds.  Individual shares of a NextShares fund may be purchased and sold only on a national securities exchange or alternative trading system.  Trading prices of NextShares are directly linked to the fund’s next-computed net asset value per share (“NAV”) and will vary from NAV by a market-determined trading cost (i.e., a premium or discount to NAV), which may be zero.  Investing in NextShares involves certain risks as described in this Prospectus.  NextShares funds began trading in February 2016 and have a limited operating history.

This Prospectus contains important information about the Fund and the services
available to shareholders. Please save it for reference.  



Fund Summary

 

Investment Objective

The Fund’s investment objective is to seek to maximize income, to the extent consistent with preservation of capital, through investment in short-term bonds and income-producing securities.

Fees and Expenses of the Fund

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment):  None  


Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

Management Fees

0.38%

Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees

None

Other Expenses*

0.27%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

0.65%

Expense Reimbursement(1)

(0.27)%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses  after Expense Reimbursement

0.38%

*

Based on estimates for the current fiscal year.

(1)

The investment adviser and administrator has agreed to reimburse the Fund’s expenses to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses exceed 0.38%. This expense reimbursement will continue through [January 31, 2019]. Any amendment to or termination of this reimbursement would require approval of the Board of Trustees.  The expense reimbursement relates to ordinary operating expenses only and does not include expenses such as: brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses of unaffiliated funds, interest expense, taxes or litigation expenses.  Amounts reimbursed may be recouped by the investment adviser and administrator during the same fiscal year to the extent actual expenses are less than the contractual expense cap during such year.

Example.  This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds.  The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods.  The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the operating expenses remain the same.  Investors may pay brokerage commissions on their purchases and sales of Fund shares, which are not reflected in the example.  Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

1 Year

3 Years

$39

$180

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” the portfolio).  A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account.  These costs, which are not reflected in Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets (including borrowings for investment purposes) in a portfolio of floating-rate securities (e.g., corporate floating-rate securities) and securities with durations of less than or equal to one year. The Fund will provide shareholders with at least 60 days’ notice before changing this 80% policy.

The Fund typically invests at least 65% of its net assets in investment grade, U.S. dollar-denominated debt securities, as assessed at the time of purchase. A debt security is considered investment grade when assigned a credit quality rating of BBB- or higher by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“Standard & Poor’s”) or an equivalent rating by another nationally recognized statistical rating organization (‘‘NRSRO”), including Moody’s Investors Service or Fitch Ratings, or if unrated, considered to be of comparable credit quality by the Fund’s investment adviser.  For purposes of rating restrictions, if securities are rated differently by two or more rating agencies, the highest rating is used.

The Fund invests principally in bonds issued by U.S. corporations, the U.S. Government or its agencies, and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises (“GSEs”) such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”). The Fund also may invest in trust preferred securities, taxable municipal securities, leveraged loans and asset-backed securities (“ABS”), including commercial mortgage-backed securities.



Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares

2

Prospectus dated __, 2017



The Fund may invest in securities that represent interests in pools of mortgage loans or other assets assembled for sale to investors by various U.S. governmental agencies, government-related organizations and private issuers. These investments may include securities such as collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) and ABS.

The Fund may invest up to 35% of its net assets in below-investment grade, high-yield debt securities (commonly known as “junk bonds”), including distressed securities that are in default.

The Fund may also invest up to 25% of its net assets in foreign debt securities. Foreign debt securities include American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”).

Under normal circumstances, the Fund’s average portfolio duration will be less than one year.

Investment decisions for the Fund are made primarily on the basis of fundamental and quantitative research conducted by the investment adviser’s research staff and consideration of the responsible investing criteria described below. Management of the Fund involves consideration of numerous factors (such as quality of business franchises, financial strength, management quality and security structural and collateral considerations). The portfolio managers may sell a security when the investment adviser’s price objective is reached, the fundamentals of the investment change or to pursue more attractive investment options. The portfolio managers intend to focus on risk management and also seek to preserve capital to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. The Fund intends to seek to manage investment risk by maintaining broad issuer and industry diversification among its holdings, and by utilizing fundamental analysis of risk/return characteristics in securities selection. The Fund seeks to manage duration and any hedging of interest rate risk through the purchase and sale of U.S. Treasury securities and related futures contracts.

Responsible Investing. In selecting investments for the Fund, the investment adviser is guided by The Calvert Principles for Responsible Investment, which provide a framework for considering environmental, social and governance factors that may affect investment performance.

About NextShares

NextShares are a new type of actively managed exchange-traded product operating pursuant to an order issued by the SEC granting an exemption from certain provisions of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). NextShares funds began trading in February 2016 and have a limited operating history.  There can be no guarantee that an active trading market for NextShares will develop or be maintained, or that their listing will continue unchanged.  

Individual shares of a NextShares fund may be purchased and sold only on a national securities exchange or alternative trading system through a broker-dealer that offers NextShares (“Broker”), and may not be directly purchased or redeemed from the fund.  As a new type of fund, NextShares initially may be offered by a limited number of Brokers.  Trading prices of NextShares are directly linked to the fund’s next-computed net asset value per share (“NAV”), which is normally determined as of the close of regular market trading each business day.  Buyers and sellers of NextShares will not know the value of their purchases and sales until NAV is determined at the end of the trading day.    

Trading prices of NextShares will vary from NAV by a market-determined trading cost (i.e., a premium or discount to NAV), which may be zero.  The premium or discount to NAV at which NextShares trades are executed is locked in at the time of trade execution, and will depend on market factors, including the balance of supply and demand for shares among investors, transaction fees and other costs associated with creating and redeeming Creation Units (as defined below) of shares, competition among market makers, the share inventory positions and inventory strategies of market makers, and the volume of share trading. Reflecting these and other market factors, prices of shares in the secondary market may be above, at or below NAV.  See “Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares” below for important information about how to buy and sell shares.  

How NextShares Compare to Mutual Funds.  Mutual fund shares may be purchased and redeemed directly from the issuing fund for cash at the fund’s next determined NAV.  Shares of NextShares funds, by contrast, are purchased and sold primarily in the secondary market.  Because trading prices of NextShares may vary from NAV and commissions may apply, NextShares may be more expensive to buy and sell than mutual funds.  Like mutual funds, NextShares may be bought or sold in specified share or dollar quantities, although not all Brokers may accept dollar-based orders.

Relative to investing in mutual funds, the NextShares structure offers certain potential advantages that may translate into improved performance and higher tax efficiency.  These potential advantages include: (a) a single class of shares with no sales loads or distribution and service (12b-1) fees; (b) lower fund transfer agency expenses; (c) reduced fund trading costs and cash drag in connection with shareholder inflows and outflows; and (d) lower fund capital gains distributions.  Because NextShares do not pay sales loads or distribution and service (12b-1) fees, their appeal to financial intermediaries may be limited to distribution arrangements that do not rely upon such payments.

How NextShares Compare to ETFs.  Similar to exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), NextShares are issued and redeemed only in specified large aggregations (“Creation Units”) and trade throughout the day on an exchange.  Unlike ETFs, trading prices of NextShares are directly linked to the fund’s next end-of-day NAV rather than determined at the time of trade execution.  Different from ETFs, NextShares do not offer opportunities to transact intraday at currently (versus end-of-day) determined prices.



Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares

3

Prospectus dated __, 2017



Unlike actively managed ETFs, NextShares are not required to disclose their full holdings on a daily basis, thereby protecting fund shareholders against the potentially dilutive effects of other market participants front-running the fund’s trades. Because the mechanism that underlies efficient trading of NextShares does not involve portfolio instruments not used in creations and redemptions, the need for full portfolio holdings disclosure to achieve tight markets in NextShares is eliminated.  The NAV-based trading employed for NextShares provides investors with built-in trade execution cost transparency and the ability to control their trading costs using limit orders.  This feature of NextShares distinguishes them from ETFs, for which the variance between market prices and underlying portfolio values is not always known by individual investors and cannot be controlled by them.  For more information, see “Additional Information about NextShares.”

Principal Risks

Market Trading Risk.Individual Fund shares may be purchased and sold only on a national securities exchange or alternative trading system through a Broker, and may not be directly purchased or redeemed from the Fund. There can be no guarantee that an active trading market for shares will develop or be maintained, or that their listing will continue unchanged. Buying and selling shares may require you to pay brokerage commissions and expose you to other trading costs.  Due to brokerage commissions and other transaction costs that may apply, frequent trading may detract from realized investment returns. Trading prices of shares may be above, at or below the Fund’s NAV, will fluctuate in relation to NAV based on supply and demand in the market for shares and other factors, and may vary significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility. The return on your investment will be reduced if you sell shares at a greater discount or narrower premium to NAV than you acquired shares.

Contingent Pricing Risk.  Trading prices of Fund shares are directly linked to the Fund’s next-computed NAV, which is normally determined as of the close of regular market trading each business day. Buyers and sellers of shares will not know the value of their purchases and sales until the Fund’s NAV is determined at the end of the trading day. Like mutual funds, the Fund does not offer opportunities to transact intraday at currently (versus end-of-day) determined prices. Trade prices are contingent upon the determination of NAV and may vary significantly from anticipated levels (including estimates based on intraday indicative values disseminated by the Fund) during periods of market volatility. Although limit orders can be used to control differences in trade prices versus NAV, they cannot be used to control or limit trade execution prices.

Debt Market Risk. Economic and other events (whether real, perceived or expected) can reduce the demand for investments held by the Fund, which may reduce their market prices and cause the value of Fund shares to fall. The frequency and magnitude of such changes cannot be predicted. Certain securities and other investments held by the Fund can experience downturns in trading activity and, at such times, the supply of such instruments in the market may exceed the demand. At other times, the demand for such instruments may exceed the supply in the market. An imbalance in supply and demand in the market may result in greater price volatility, less liquidity, wider trading spreads and a lack of price transparency in the market. No active trading market may exist for certain investments, which may impair the ability of the Fund to sell or to realize the full value of such investments in the event of the need to liquidate such assets. Adverse market conditions may impair the liquidity of some actively traded investments. Fixed income markets have recently experienced a period of relatively high volatility due to rising U.S. treasury yields which, in part, reflect the market’s expectations for higher U.S. economic growth and inflation. As a result of the Federal Reserve’s recent decision to raise the target fed funds rate following a similar move last year and the possibility that it may continue with such rate increases and/or unwind its quantitative easing program, among other factors, markets could experience continuing high volatility, which could negatively impact the Fund’s performance.

Credit Risk. Investments in debt obligations are subject to the risk of non-payment of scheduled principal and interest.  Changes in economic conditions or other circumstances may reduce the capacity of the party obligated to make principal and interest payments on such instruments and may lead to defaults. Such non-payments and defaults may reduce the value of Fund shares and income distributions. The value of a debt obligation also may decline because of concerns about the issuer’s ability to make principal and interest payments. In addition, the credit ratings of fixed-income securities may be lowered if the financial condition of the party obligated to make payments with respect to such instruments changes.  Credit ratings assigned by rating agencies are based on a number of factors and do not necessarily reflect the issuer’s current financial condition or the volatility or liquidity of the security.  In the event of bankruptcy of the issuer of fixed-income securities, the Fund could experience delays or limitations with respect to its ability to realize the benefits of any collateral securing the instrument. In order to enforce its rights in the event of a default, bankruptcy or similar situation, the Fund may be required to retain legal or similar counsel.  This may increase the Fund’s operating expenses and adversely affect net asset value.

Mortgage-Backed and Asset-Backed Securities Risk. Mortgage- and asset-backed securities are subject to credit, interest rate, prepayment and extension risk.  Movements in interest rates (both increases and decreases) may quickly and significantly reduce the value of certain types of mortgage- and asset-backed securities. Mortgage- and asset-backed securities can also be subject to the risk of default on the underlying mortgages or other assets.  Certain mortgage-backed securities issued by non-government entities may offer higher yields than those issued by government entities, but also may be subject to greater volatility than government issues.

Risk of U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprises. Although certain U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises (such as the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and the Federal National Mortgage Association) may be chartered or sponsored by acts of Congress, their securities are neither issued nor guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury.



Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares

4

Prospectus dated __, 2017



Leveraged Loan Risk. Leveraged loans are subject to the risks typically associated with debt securities, such as credit risk discussed above. The loans in which the Fund will invest are expected to be below-investment-grade quality and to bear interest at a floating rate that resets periodically. In addition, leveraged loans, which typically hold a senior position in the capital structure of a borrower, are subject to the risk that a court could subordinate such loans to presently existing or future indebtedness or take other action detrimental to the holders of leveraged loans. Leveraged loans are also subject to the risk that the value of the collateral, if any, securing a loan may decline, be insufficient to meet the obligations of the borrower, or be difficult to liquidate. Some leveraged loans are not as easily purchased or sold as publicly-traded securities and others are illiquid, which may make it more difficult for the Fund to value them or dispose of them at an acceptable price. Leveraged loans are usually more credit sensitive than investment-grade securities.

Risks Associated with Active Management. The success of the Fund’s investment program depends on portfolio management’s successful application of analytical skills and investment judgment. Active management involves subjective decisions. The individual investments of the Fund may not perform as expected, and the Fund’s portfolio management practices may not achieve the desired result.

Interest Rate Risk. In general, the value of income securities will fluctuate based on changes in interest rates.  The value of these securities is likely to increase when interest rates fall and decline when interest rates rise.  Generally, securities with longer durations are more sensitive to changes in interest rates than shorter duration securities.  Funds with shorter average durations (including the Fund) may own individual investments that have longer durations than the average duration of the Fund.  In a rising interest rate environment, the duration of income securities that have the ability to be prepaid or called by the issuer may be extended.  In a declining interest rate environment, the proceeds from prepaid or maturing instruments may have to be reinvested at a lower interest rate.

Portfolio Duration Risk. Duration is a measure of the expected life of a fixed-income security and its sensitivity to changes in interest rates. The longer a fund’s average portfolio duration, the more sensitive the fund will be to changes in interest rates.

Lag Risk for Interest Payments. There may be a lag between an actual change in the underlying interest rate benchmark and the reset time for an interest payment for a floating-rate security, which could harm or benefit the Fund, depending on the circumstances. For example, a floating-rate security that does not reset immediately would prevent the Fund from taking full advantage of rising interest rates. In a declining interest rate environment, however, the Fund would benefit from the lag since the Fund would not immediately be impacted by a decline in interest rates.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to sell. The Fund may be unable to sell illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price or achieve its desired level of exposure to a certain sector. Liquidity risk may result from the lack of an active market, reduced number and capacity of traditional market participants to make a market in fixed-income securities, and may be magnified in a rising interest rate environment or other circumstances where investor redemptions from fixed-income funds may be higher than normal, causing increased supply in the market due to selling activity. The secondary market for municipal obligations also tends to be less well-developed and less liquid than many other securities markets, which may limit an owner’s ability to sell its municipal obligations at attractive prices. Illiquid securities also may be difficult to value.

Lower Rated Investment Risk. Investments rated below investment grade and comparable unrated investments (“junk”) have speculative characteristics because of the credit risk associated with their issuers.  Changes in economic conditions or other circumstances typically have a greater effect on the ability of issuers of lower rated investments to make principal and interest payments than they do on issuers of higher rated investments.  An economic downturn generally leads to a higher non-payment rate, and a lower rated investment may lose significant value before a default occurs.  Lower rated investments typically are subject to greater price volatility and illiquidity than higher rated investments.  When the Fund purchases unrated securities, it will depend on the investment adviser’s analysis of credit risk without the assessment of a rating agency.

Defaulted Bonds Risk. For bonds in default (those rated “D” by Standard & Poor’s or the equivalent by another NRSRO), there is a significant risk that these bonds will not achieve their original value.

Taxable Municipal Bond Risk. Taxable municipal bonds are subject to credit risk, interest rate risk and certain additional risks.  The Fund may be more sensitive to adverse economic, business or political developments if it invests a substantial portion of its assets in the bonds of similar projects or industrial development bonds.

Trust Preferred Securities Risk. Trust preferred securities are preferred stocks issued by a special purpose trust subsidiary backed by subordinated debt of the corporate parent. Trust preferred securities are subject to unique risks, which include the fact that dividend payments will only be paid if interest payments on the underlying obligations are made, which interest payments are dependent on the financial condition of the parent corporation. There is also the risk that the underlying obligations, and thus the trust preferred securities, may be prepaid after a stated call date or as a result of certain tax or regulatory events, resulting in a lower yield to maturity.



Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares

5

Prospectus dated __, 2017



Collateralized Mortgage Obligation and Structured Asset-Backed Securities Risk. A CMO is a multiclass bond that is backed by a pool of mortgage loans or mortgage-backed securities. A structured ABS is a multiclass bond that is typically backed by a pool of auto loans, credit card receivables, home equity loans or student loans. A CMO or structured ABS is subject to interest rate risk, credit risk, prepayment risk and extension risk. In addition, if the Fund holds a class of a CMO or a structured ABS that is subordinated to other classes backed by the same pool of collateral, the likelihood that the Fund will receive payments of principal may be substantially limited.

Foreign Securities Risk. Because the Fund may invest a portion of its assets in foreign instruments, the value of Fund shares can be adversely affected by political and economic developments abroad, including the imposition of economic and other sanctions by the United States or another country.  Foreign markets may be smaller, less liquid and more volatile than the major markets in the United States, and as a result, Fund share values may be more volatile.  Trading in foreign markets typically involves higher expense than trading in the United States. The Fund may have difficulties enforcing its legal or contractual rights in a foreign country.  Depositary receipts are subject to many of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign instruments.

Foreign Currency Risk. Securities that trade or are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar may be adversely affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates. When the U.S. dollar strengthens relative to a foreign currency, the U.S. dollar value of an investment denominated in that currency will typically fall. ADRs indirectly bear currency risk because they represent an interest in securities that are not denominated in U.S. dollars.

Responsible Investing Risk.  Investing primarily in responsible investments carries the risk that, under certain market conditions, the Fund may underperform funds that do not utilize a responsible investment strategy.  The application of responsible investment criteria may affect the Fund’s exposure to certain sectors or types of investments, and may impact the Fund’s relative investment performance depending on whether such sectors or investments are in or out of favor in the market.  An investment’s environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) performance, or the investment adviser’s assessment of such performance, may change over time, which could cause the Fund to temporarily hold investments that do not comply with the Fund’s responsible investment criteria.  In evaluating an investment, the investment adviser is dependent upon information and data that may be incomplete, inaccurate or unavailable, which could cause the investment adviser to misanalyze the ESG factors relevant to a particular investment.  Successful application of the Fund’s responsible investment strategy will depend on the investment adviser’s skill in properly identifying and analyzing material ESG issues.

Futures Contracts Risk. The value of a futures contract tends to increase and decrease in tandem with the value of the underlying instrument. The price of futures can be highly volatile; using them could lower total return, and the potential loss from futures can exceed the Fund’s initial investment in such contracts. Futures contracts may not provide an effective hedge of the underlying securities or indexes because changes in the prices of futures contracts may not track those of the securities or indexes that they are intended to hedge.

General Fund Investing Risks. The Fund is not a complete investment program and there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. It is possible to lose money by investing in the Fund. The Fund is designed to be a long-term investment vehicle and is not suited for short-term trading. Investors in the Fund should have a long-term investment perspective and be able to tolerate potentially sharp declines in value. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit in a bank and is not insured.  

Performance

Performance history will be available for the Fund after the Fund has been in operation for one full calendar year.

Management

Investment Adviser.  Calvert Research and Management (“CRM”).

Portfolio Managers.  

Vishal Khanduja, CFA, Vice President of CRM, has managed the Fund since its inception in __ 2017.

Brian S. Ellis, CFA, Vice President of CRM, has managed the Fund since its inception in __ 2017.



Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares

6

Prospectus dated __, 2017



Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

Buying and Selling Shares in the Secondary Market.  Shares of the Fund are listed and available for trading on The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (the “Listing Exchange”) during the Listing Exchange’s core trading session (generally 9:30 am to 4:00 pm eastern time).   Shares may also be bought and sold on other national securities exchanges and alternative trading systems that have obtained appropriate licenses, adopted applicable rules and developed systems to support trading in Fund shares.  Fund shares may be purchased and sold in the secondary market only through a Broker.  When buying or selling shares, you may incur trading commissions or other charges determined by your Broker. The Fund does not impose any minimum investment for shares of the Fund purchased in the secondary market.

Buying and selling Fund shares is similar in most respects to buying and selling ETFs and listed stocks. Throughout each trading day, market makers post on an exchange bids to buy shares and offers to sell shares.  Buyers and sellers submit trade orders through their Brokers.  The executing trading venue matches orders received from Brokers against market maker quotes and other orders to execute trades, and reports the results of completed trades to the parties to the trade, member firms and market data services.  Completed trades in Fund shares clear and settle just like ETF trades and listed stock trades, with settlement normally occurring on the third following business day (T+3).  Orders to buy and sell Fund shares that are not executed on the day the order is submitted are automatically cancelled as of the close of trading that day.     

Trading in Fund shares differs from buying and selling ETFs and listed stocks in four respects:

·

how intraday prices of executed trades and bids and offers posted by market makers are expressed;

·

how to determine the number of shares to buy or sell if you seek to transact in an approximate dollar amount;

·

what limit orders mean and how limit prices are expressed; and

·

how and when the final price of executed trades is determined.

Intraday Prices and Quote Display Format.  The intraday price of executed trades and bids and offers quoted for Fund shares are all expressed relative to the Fund’s next determined NAV, rather than as an absolute dollar price.  As noted above, the Fund’s NAV is normally determined as of the close of regular market trading each business day. As an illustration, shares of the Fund may be quoted intraday at a best bid of “NAV -$0.01” and a best offer of “NAV +$0.02.”  A buy order executed at the quoted offer price would, in this example, be priced at two cents over the Fund’s NAV on the trade date.  If the last trade in Fund shares was priced at two cents over NAV (the current best offer), it would be displayed as “NAV +$0.02.”

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Bid and offer quotes and prices of Fund shares in NAV-based format can be accessed intraday on Broker terminals using the Fund’s ticker symbol.  Market data services may display bid and offer quotes and trade prices in NAV-based format or in “proxy price” format, in which NAV is represented as 100.00 and premiums/discounts to NAV are represented by the same difference from 100.00 (to illustrate, NAV-$0.01 would be shown as 99.99 and NAV+$0.02 as 100.02).  Historical information about the Fund’s trading costs and trading spreads is provided on its webpage on eatonvance.com.

Sizing Buy and Sell Orders.  NextShares may be purchased and sold in specified share or dollar quantities, although not all Brokers may accept dollar-based orders.  In share-based orders, you specify the number of fund shares to buy or sell.  Like share-based ETF and listed stock orders, determining the number of Fund shares to buy or sell if you seek to transact in an approximate dollar amount requires dividing the intended purchase or sale amount by the estimated price per share.  To assist buyers and sellers in estimating transaction prices, the Fund makes available at intervals of not more than 15 minutes during the Listing Exchange’s regular trading session an indicative estimate of the Fund’s current portfolio value (“Intraday Indicative Value” or “IIV”).  IIVs can be accessed on the Fund’s webpage at eatonvance.com and may also be available from Brokers and market data services.  



Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares

7

Prospectus dated __, 2017



The price of a transaction in Fund shares can be estimated as the sum of the most recent IIV and the current bid (for sales) or offer (for purchases). If, for example, you seek to buy approximately $15,000 of Fund shares when the current IIV is $19.98 and the current offer is NAV +$0.02, you should place an order to buy 750 shares (= $15,000 ÷ $20.00).  And if you seek to sell approximately $15,000 of Fund shares when the current IIV is $19.98 and the current bid is NAV -$0.01, you should sell 751 shares ( $15,000 ÷ $19.97).  

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Because IIVs are estimates and will generally differ from NAV, they cannot be used to calculate with precision the dollar value of a prescribed number of shares to be bought or sold.  Investors should understand that share transaction prices are based on the Fund’s next determined NAV, and that NAVs may vary significantly from IIVs during periods of intraday market volatility.  

Limit Orders.  A “limit order” is an order placed with a Broker to buy or sell a prescribed number of shares at a specified price or better.  In entering limit orders to buy or sell Fund shares, limit prices are expressed relative to NAV (i.e., NAV +$0.02, NAV -$0.01), rather than as an absolute dollar price.  By using limit orders, buyers and sellers of NextShares can control their trading costs in a manner not available for ETFs.

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Although limit orders can be used to control differences in trade price versus NAV, they cannot be used to control or limit absolute trade execution prices.

Final Prices of Executed Trades.  The premium or discount to NAV at which Fund shares trade is locked in at the time of trade execution, with the final price contingent upon the determination of NAV at the end of the trading day.  If, for example, an order to buy or sell shares executes at NAV +$0.02 and the Fund’s NAV on the day of the trade is $20.00, the final trade price is $20.02.

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The premium or discount to NAV at which Fund shares trade depends on market factors, including the balance of supply and demand for shares among investors, transaction fees and other costs associated with creating and redeeming Creation Units, competition among market makers, the share inventory positions and inventory strategies of market makers, and the volume of share trading. NextShares do not offer investors the opportunity to buy and sell intraday at currently (versus end-of-day) determined prices. Buyers and sellers of shares will not know the final trade price of executed trades until the Fund’s NAV is determined at the end of the trading day.  Trading prices of shares may be above, at or below NAV, and may vary significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility.



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Transactions Directly with the Fund.  The Fund issues and redeems shares only in Creation Unit blocks of 25,000 shares or multiples thereof. Creation Units may be purchased or redeemed only by or through “Authorized Participants,” which are broker-dealers or institutional investors that have entered into agreements with the Fund’s distributor for this purpose. The Fund issues and redeems Creation Units in return for the securities, other instruments and/or cash (the “Basket”) that the Fund specifies each business day. The Fund’s Basket is not intended to be representative of current holdings and may vary significantly from current portfolio positions.  The Fund imposes transaction fees on Creation Units issued and redeemed to offset the estimated cost to the Fund of processing the transaction and converting the Basket to or from the desired portfolio composition.  For more information, see “Buying and Selling Shares.”

Tax Information

If your shares are held in a taxable account, the Fund’s distributions will be taxed to you as ordinary income and/or capital gains, unless you are exempt from taxation.  If your shares are held in a tax-advantaged account, you will generally be taxed only upon withdrawals from the account.

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker/dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (collectively, “financial intermediaries”), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s Web site for more information.



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Prospectus dated __, 2017



Investment Objective & Principal Policies and Risks

Investment Objective. The Fund’s investment objective is set forth in the Fund Summary.  The investment objective may be changed by the Fund’s Board of Trustees without shareholder approval.   

Fund Investment Strategies and Risks.  The Fund’s principal investment strategies and risks are set forth in the Fund Summary.  Set forth below is additional information about such policies and risks as well as other types of investments and practices that the Fund may engage in from time to time to the extent that such investments and practices are permitted as described in this Prospectus and/or the Statement of Additional Information.

Fixed-Income Securities.  Fixed-income securities include all types of fixed and floating-rate bonds and notes, such as convertible securities and other hybrid securities (other than preferred stock); corporate commercial paper; mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities; inflation-indexed bonds issued by both governments and corporations; structured notes, including “indexed” securities; loans; loan participations and assignments; delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities; and bank certificates of deposit, fixed time deposits, bank deposits (or investments structured to provide the same type of exposure) and bankers’ acceptances of foreign and domestic banks and other debt instruments. Fixed-income securities are issued by: foreign governments or their subdivisions, agencies and government-sponsored enterprises; international agencies or supranational entities; the U.S. Government, its agencies or government-sponsored enterprises (or guaranteed thereby); central or quasi-sovereign banks and U.S. and foreign corporations.  Fixed-income securities include deep discount bonds, such as zero coupon bonds, deferred interest bonds, bonds or securities on which the interest is payable in-kind (“PIK securities”), which are debt obligations that are issued at a significant discount from face value, and securities purchased on a forward commitment or when-issued basis. While zero coupon bonds do not make periodic payments of interest, deferred interest bonds provide for a period of delay before the regular payment of interest begins. PIK securities provide that the issuer thereof may, at its option, pay interest in cash or in the form of additional securities. For the purpose of the Fund's investment ranges, investments in income instruments may include preferred stocks and other hybrid securities.

Lower Rated Bonds.  Investments in obligations rated below investment grade and comparable unrated securities (“junk”) have speculative characteristics because of the credit risk associated with their issuers.  Changes in economic conditions or other circumstances typically have a greater effect on the ability of issuers of lower rated investments to make principal and interest payments than they do on issuers of higher rated investments.  An economic downturn generally leads to a higher non-payment rate, and a lower rated investment may lose significant value before a default occurs.  Lower rated investments generally are subject to greater price volatility and illiquidity than higher rated investments.

Floating Rate Loans.  Senior floating-rate loans (“Senior Loans”) hold a senior position in the capital structure of a business entity (the “Borrower”), are typically secured with specific collateral and have a claim on the assets and/or stock of the Borrower that is senior to that held by subordinated debtholders and stockholders of the Borrower. Senior Loans typically have rates of interest which are re-determined daily, monthly, quarterly or semi-annually by reference to a base lending rate, plus a premium. Senior Loans held by the Fund typically have a dollar-weighted average period until the next interest rate adjustment of approximately 90 days or less.  There can be no assurance that the liquidation of any collateral securing a loan would satisfy the borrower’s obligation in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal payments, or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. The specific collateral used to secure a Senior Loan may decline in value or become illiquid, which would adversely affect the loan’s value.  Most loans are lower rated investments. In the event a loan is not rated, it is likely to be the equivalent in quality to a lower rated investment. The amount of public information available with respect to loans may be less extensive than that available for registered or exchange listed securities. With limited exceptions, the investment adviser will take steps intended to ensure that it does not receive material nonpublic information about the issuers of Senior Loans that also issue publicly traded securities.  Therefore, the investment adviser may have less information than other investors about certain of the Senior Loans in which it seeks to invest.  In evaluating the creditworthiness of Borrowers, the investment adviser will consider, and may rely in part, on analyses performed by others.  Although the overall size and number of participants in the market for Senior Loans has grown over the past decade, Senior Loans continue to trade in an unregulated inter-dealer or inter-bank secondary market.  Purchases and sales of Senior Loans are generally subject to contractual restrictions that must be satisfied before a Senior Loan can be bought or sold.  These restrictions may impede the Fund’s ability to buy or sell Senior Loans, may negatively impact the transaction price and/or may result in delayed settlement of Senior Loan transactions.  It may take longer than seven days for transaction in loans to settle.

U.S. federal securities laws afford certain protections against fraud and misrepresentation in connection with the offering or sale of a security, as well as against manipulation of trading markets for securities. The typical practice of a lender in relying exclusively or primarily on reports from the borrower may involve the risk of fraud, misrepresentation, or market manipulation by the borrower. It is unclear whether U.S. federal securities law protections are available to an investment in a loan. In certain circumstances, loans may not be deemed to be securities, and in the event of fraud or misrepresentation by a borrower, lenders may not have the protection of the anti-fraud provisions of the federal securities laws. However, contractual provisions in the loan documents may offer some protections, and lenders may also avail themselves of common-law fraud protections under applicable state law.



Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares

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Prospectus dated __, 2017



Junior loans are secured and unsecured subordinated loans, second lien loans and subordinated bridge loans (“Junior Loans”). Junior Loans are subject to the same general risks inherent to any loan investment. Due to their lower place in the Borrower’s capital structure and possible unsecured status, Junior Loans involve a higher degree of overall risk than Senior Loans of the same Borrower.

Credit Quality.  Rating agencies are private services that provide ratings of the credit quality of certain loans and other income securities.  In evaluating creditworthiness, the investment adviser considers ratings assigned by rating agencies and generally performs additional credit and investment analysis.  Credit ratings issued by rating agencies are based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, the issuer’s financial condition and the rating agency’s credit analysis, if applicable, at the time of rating.  The ratings assigned are not absolute standards of credit quality and do not evaluate market risks or necessarily reflect the issuer’s current financial condition. An issuer’s current financial condition may be better or worse than the current rating indicates. A credit rating may have a modifier (such as plus, minus or a numerical modifier) to denote its relative status within the rating. The presence of a modifier does not change the security credit rating (for example, BBB- and Baa3 are within the investment grade rating) for purposes of the Fund’s investment limitations. If a security is rated differently by rating agencies, the lower rating will be used for any Fund rating restrictions.

Maturity.  Many obligations permit the issuer at its option to “call,” or redeem, its securities. As such, the effective maturity of an obligation may be reduced as the result of call provisions. The effective maturity of an obligation is its likely redemption date after consideration of any call or redemption features.

Duration. Duration measures the time-weighted expected cash flows of a fixed-income security, which can determine its sensitivity to changes in the general level of interest rates. Securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than securities with shorter durations. A mutual fund with a longer dollar-weighted average duration can be expected to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than a fund with a shorter dollar-weighted average duration. Duration differs from maturity in that it considers a security’s coupon payments in addition to the amount of time until the security matures. Various techniques may be used to shorten or lengthen Fund duration. As the value of a security changes over time, so will its duration.

Foreign Investments. Investments in foreign issuers could be affected by factors not present in the United States, including expropriation, armed conflict, confiscatory taxation, lack of uniform accounting and auditing standards, less publicly available financial and other information, and potential difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations. Because foreign issuers may not be subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standard practices and requirements and regulatory measures comparable to those in the United States, there may be less publicly available information about such foreign issuers.  Settlements of securities transactions in foreign countries are subject to risk of loss, may be delayed and are generally less frequent than in the United States, which could affect the liquidity of the Fund’s assets.

Foreign issuers may become subject to sanctions imposed by the United States or another country, which could result in the immediate freeze of the foreign issuers’ assets or securities.  The imposition of such sanctions could impair the market value of the securities of such foreign issuers and limit the Fund’s ability to buy, sell, receive or deliver the securities.

Foreign Currencies. The value of foreign assets and currencies as measured in U.S. dollars may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in foreign currency rates and exchange control regulations, application of foreign tax laws (including withholding tax), governmental administration of economic or monetary policies (in this country or abroad), and relations between nations and trading.  Foreign currencies also are subject to settlement, custodial and other operational risks. Currency exchange rates can be affected unpredictably by intervention, or the failure to intervene, by U.S. or foreign governments or central banks or by currency controls or political developments in the United States or abroad. Costs are incurred in connection with conversions between currencies. The Fund may engage in spot transactions and forward foreign currency exchange contracts, purchase and sell options on currencies and purchase and sell currency futures contracts and related options thereon (collectively, “Currency Instruments”) to seek to hedge against the decline in the value of currencies in which its portfolio holdings are denominated against the U.S. dollar or to seek to enhance returns. Use of Currency Instruments may involve substantial currency risk and may also involve counterparty, leverage or liquidity risk.

Mortgage-Backed Securities (“MBS”). MBS represent participation interests in pools of adjustable and fixed-rate mortgage loans. MBS may be issued by the U.S. Government (or one of its agencies or instrumentalities) or privately issued but collateralized by mortgages that are insured, guaranteed or otherwise backed by the U.S. Government, or its agencies or instrumentalities. Adjustable rate mortgages are mortgages whose interest rates are periodically reset when market rates change. Unlike conventional debt obligations, MBS provide monthly payments derived from the monthly interest and principal payments (including any prepayments) made by the individual borrowers on the pooled mortgage loans. MBS that include loans that have had a history of refinancing opportunities are referred to as “seasoned MBS.” Seasoned MBS tend to have a higher collateral to debt ratio than other MBS because a greater percentage of the underlying debt has been repaid and the collateral property may have appreciated in value. MBS may be “premium bonds” acquired at prices that exceed their par or principal value.



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Prospectus dated __, 2017



The mortgage loans underlying MBS are generally subject to a greater rate of principal prepayments in a declining interest rate environment and to a lesser rate of principal prepayments in an increasing interest rate environment, although investment in seasoned MBS can mitigate this risk. Under certain interest and prepayment rate scenarios, the Fund may fail to recover the full amount of its investment in MBS, notwithstanding any direct or indirect governmental or agency guarantee. Moreover, if the Fund invests in interest only stripped MBS, it may fail to recoup its initial investment if the underlying mortgages experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal. Because faster than expected prepayments must usually be invested in lower yielding securities, MBS are less effective than conventional bonds in “locking in” a specified interest rate. For premium bonds, prepayment risk may be enhanced. In a rising interest rate environment, a declining prepayment rate will extend the average life of many MBS. This possibility is often referred to as extension risk. Extending the average life of a mortgage-backed security increases the risk of depreciation due to future increases in market interest rates. MBS that are purchased at a premium generate current income that exceeds market rates for comparable investments, but tend to decrease in value as they mature. MBS include classes of collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”), including fixed- or floating-rate tranches, and various other MBS. In choosing among CMO classes, the investment adviser will evaluate the total income potential of each class and other factors. CMOs are subject to the same types of risks affecting MBS as described above. Mortgage dollar rolls involve the Fund selling MBS for delivery in the current month with a simultaneous contract entered to repurchase substantially similar (same type, coupon and maturity) securities on a specified future date (a “mortgage roll”). During the roll period, the Fund forgoes principal and interest paid on the MBS.

Asset-Backed Securities. Asset-backed securities represent interests in a pool of assets, such as home equity loans, commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), automobile receivables or credit card receivables. Unscheduled prepayments of asset-backed securities may result in a loss of income if the proceeds are invested in lower-yielding securities. In addition, issuers of asset-backed securities may have limited ability to enforce the security interest in the underlying assets, and credit enhancements (if any) may be inadequate in the event of default. Asset-backed securities may experience losses on the underlying assets as a result of certain rights provided to consumer debtors under federal and state law. The value of asset-backed securities may be affected by the factors described above and other factors, such as the availability of information concerning the pool and its structure, the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the pool, the originator of the underlying assets or the entities providing credit enhancements and the ability of the servicer to service the underlying collateral. The value of asset-backed securities representing interests in a pool of utilities receivables may be adversely affected by changes in government regulations. Under certain market conditions, asset-backed securities may be less liquid and may be difficult to value.

Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities. CMBS include securities that reflect an interest in, and are secured by, mortgage loans on commercial real property. CMBS are subject to the risks described under “Asset-Backed Securities” above. CMBS also are subject to many of the risks of investing in the real estate securing the underlying mortgage loans. These risks reflect the effects of local and other economic conditions on real estate markets, the ability of tenants to make loan payments, and the ability of a property to attract and retain tenants. CMBS may be less liquid and exhibit a greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities.

The commercial mortgage loans that underlie CMBS have certain distinct risk characteristics. Commercial mortgage loans generally lack standardized terms, which may complicate their structure, tend to have shorter maturities than residential mortgage loans and may not be fully amortizing. Commercial properties themselves tend to be unique and are more difficult to value than single-family residential properties. In addition, commercial properties, particularly industrial and warehouse properties, are subject to environmental risks and the burdens and costs of compliance with environmental laws and regulations.

Trust Preferred Securities.  The Fund may purchase trust preferred securities, which are preferred stocks issued by a special purpose trust subsidiary backed by subordinated debt of the parent company.  Trust preferred securities are subject to unique risks, which include the fact that dividend payments will only be paid if interest payments on the underlying subordinated debt are made, which interest payments are dependent on the financial condition of the parent company and may be deferred for up to 20 consecutive quarters. There is also the risk that the underlying subordinated debt, and thus the trust preferred securities, may be prepaid after a stated call date or as a result of certain tax or regulatory events, resulting in a lower yield to maturity.  Trust preferred securities’ prices fluctuate for several reasons including changes in investors’ perception of the financial condition of an issuer or the general condition of the market for trust preferred securities, or when political or economic events affecting the issuers occur. Trust preferred securities are also (a) sensitive to interest rate fluctuations, as the cost of capital rises and borrowing costs increase in a rising interest rate environment, and (b) subject to the risk that they may be called for redemption in a falling interest rate environment.

Derivatives. The Fund may enter into derivatives transactions with respect to any security or other instrument in which it is permitted to invest or any related security, instrument, index or economic indicator (“reference instruments”). Derivatives are financial instruments the value of which is derived from an underlying reference instrument. Derivatives transactions can involve substantial risk. Derivatives typically allow the Fund to increase or decrease the level of risk to which the Fund is exposed more quickly and efficiently than transactions in other types of instruments. The Fund incurs costs in connection with opening and closing derivatives positions. The Fund may engage in the derivative transactions set forth below, as well as in other derivative transactions with substantially similar characteristics and risks.



Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares

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Prospectus dated __, 2017



Certain derivative transactions may give rise to a form of leverage. The Fund is required to segregate liquid assets or otherwise cover the Fund’s obligation created by a transaction that may give rise to leverage. The use of leverage may cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations or to meet segregation requirements. Leverage may cause the Fund’s share price to be more volatile than if it had not been leveraged, as certain types of leverage may exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities. The loss on leverage transactions may substantially exceed the initial investment.

The regulation of the U.S. and non-U.S. derivatives markets has undergone substantial change in recent years. In particular, the Dodd-Frank Act and related regulations require many derivatives to be cleared and traded on an exchange, expand entity registration requirements, impose business conduct requirements on counterparties, and impose other regulatory requirements that will continue to change derivative markets as regulations are implemented. Additional regulation of the derivatives markets may make the use of derivatives more costly, may limit the availability or reduce the liquidity of derivatives, and may impose limits or restrictions on the counterparties with which the Fund engages in derivative transactions. The effects of future regulation cannot be predicted and may impair the effectiveness of the Fund’s derivative transactions and its ability to achieve its investment objective(s).

Futures Contracts. The Fund may engage in transactions in futures contracts. Futures are standardized, exchange-traded contracts.  Futures contracts on securities obligate a purchaser to take delivery, and a seller to make delivery, of a specific amount of the financial instrument called for in the contract at a specified future date at a specified price.  An index futures contract obligates the purchaser to take, and a seller to deliver an amount of cash equal to a specific dollar amount times the difference between the value of a specific index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the agreement is made.  No physical delivery of the underlying securities in the index is made.  It is the practice of holders of futures contracts to close out their positions on or before the expiration date by use of offsetting contract positions, and physical delivery of financial instruments or delivery of cash, as applicable, is thereby avoided.  The Fund also is authorized to purchase or sell call and put options on futures contracts.  The primary risks associated with the use of futures contracts and options are imperfect correlation, liquidity, unanticipated market movement and counterparty risk, which is the risk that a party to a contract will not perform or will be unable to perform in accordance with the terms of the contract.

U.S. Treasury and Government Agency and Government-Sponsored Enterprises Securities. U.S. Treasury securities (“Treasury Securities”) include U.S. Treasury obligations that differ in their interest rates, maturities and times of issuance. U.S. Government Agency Securities (“Agency Securities”) include obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or instrumentalities and government-sponsored enterprises. Agency Securities may be guaranteed by the U.S. Government or they may be backed by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the obligations, or the credit of the agency or instrumentality. While U.S. Government agencies may be chartered or sponsored by Acts of Congress, their securities are not issued and may not be guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. To the extent that the Fund invests in securities of government-sponsored enterprises, the Fund will be subject to the risks unique to such entities. Government-sponsored enterprises, such as the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), the Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLBs”), the Private Export Funding Corporation (“PEFCO”), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), the Federal Farm Credit Banks (“FFCB”) and the Tennessee Valley Authority (“TVA”), although chartered or sponsored by Congress, are not funded by congressional appropriations and the debt and mortgage-backed securities issued by them are neither guaranteed nor issued by the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government has provided financial support to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in the past, but there can be no assurance that it will support these or other government-sponsored enterprises in the future. Treasury Securities and Agency Securities also include any security or agreement collateralized or otherwise secured by Treasury Securities or Agency Securities, respectively. As a result of their high credit quality and market liquidity, U.S. Government securities generally provide a lower current return than obligations of other issuers.

Borrowing. The Fund is permitted to borrow for temporary purposes (such as to satisfy redemption requests, to remain fully invested in anticipation of expected cash inflows and to settle transactions).  Any borrowings by the Fund are subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act. Borrowings are also subject to the terms of any credit agreement between the Fund and lender(s). The Fund will be required to maintain a specified level of asset coverage with respect to all borrowings and may be required to sell some of its holdings to reduce debt and restore coverage at times when it may not be advantageous to do so. The rights of the lender to receive payments of interest and repayments of principal of any borrowings made by the Fund under a credit facility are senior to the rights of holders of shares with respect to the payment of dividends or upon liquidation. In the event of a default under a credit arrangement, the lenders may have the right to cause a liquidation of the collateral (i.e., sell Fund assets) and, if any such default is not cured, the lenders may be able to control the liquidation as well. Fund borrowings may be equal to as much as 331/3% of the value of the Fund’s total assets (including such borrowings) less the Fund’s liabilities (other than borrowings). The Fund will not purchase additional investment securities while outstanding borrowings exceed 5% of the value of its total assets. In addition, the Fund may invest in funds that are authorized to borrow to acquire additional investments. There is no assurance that a borrowing strategy will be successful.



Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares

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Prospectus dated __, 2017



General. The Fund’s 80% Policy will not be changed unless shareholders are given at least 60 days’ advance written notice of the change. Unless otherwise stated, the Fund’s investment objective and certain other policies may be changed without shareholder approval. Shareholders will receive 60 days’ advance written notice of any material change in the investment objective. During unusual market conditions, the Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash or cash equivalents temporarily, which may be inconsistent with its investment objective(s), principal investment strategies and other policies. The Fund might not use all of the strategies and techniques or invest in all of the types of securities described in this Prospectus or the Statement of Additional Information. While at times the Fund may use alternative investment strategies in an effort to limit its losses, it may choose not to do so.

The Fund’s annual operating expenses are expressed as a percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets and may change as Fund assets increase and decrease over time. Purchase and redemption activities by Fund investors may impact the management of the Fund and its ability to achieve its investment objective. In addition, the redemption by one or more large investors or groups of investors of their holdings in the Fund could have an adverse impact on the remaining investors in the Fund. Funds, investment advisers, other market participants and many securities markets are subject to rules and regulations and the jurisdiction of one or more regulators. Changes to applicable rules and regulations could have an adverse effect on securities markets and market participants, as well as on the Fund’s ability to execute its investment strategy. With the increased use of technologies by Fund service providers, such as the Internet, to conduct business, the Fund is susceptible to operational, information security and related risks.

About Responsible Investing

Fund investments are evaluated under The Calvert Principles for Responsible Investment (a copy of which is included as an appendix to this Prospectus), which provide a framework for considering environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) factors that may affect investment performance.  CRM’s evaluation of a particular security’s responsible investing characteristics generally involves both quantitative and qualitative analysis.  In assessing investments, CRM generally focuses on the ESG factors relevant to the issuer’s operations, and an issuer may be acceptable for investment based primarily on such assessment.  Securities may be deemed suitable for investment even if the issuer does not operate in accordance with all elements of the Fund’s responsible investing criteria.  In assessing issuers for which quantitative data is limited, subjective judgments may serve as the primary basis for CRM’s evaluation.  If there is insufficient information about an issuer’s ESG performance, CRM may determine to exclude the issuer from the Fund.  The responsible investment criteria of the Fund may be changed by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval.

The Fund may invest in a security before CRM has completed its evaluation of the security’s responsible investment characteristics if, in the opinion of the portfolio manager, the timing of the purchase is appropriate given market conditions. Factors that a portfolio manager may consider in making such an investment decision include, but are not limited to, (i) prevailing market prices, (ii) liquidity, (iii) bid-ask spreads, (iv) market color, and (v) availability. Following any such investment in a security, CRM will evaluate the issuer to determine if it operates in a manner that is consistent with the Fund’s responsible investment criteria.  If CRM determines that the issuer does not operate in a manner consistent with the Fund’s responsible investment criteria, the security will be sold in accordance with CRM’s procedures, at a time and in a manner that is determined to be in the best interests of shareholders.

Additional Information about NextShares

Description of NextShares.The Fund operates pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the SEC granting Eaton Vance NextShares Trust and Eaton Vance Management (Eaton Vance), an exemption from certain provisions of the 1940 Act.  Because CRM is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Eaton Vance, it may rely on Eaton Vance’s exemptive order. NextShares operate as follows:

·

NextShares are pooled investment funds that generally follow an active management style, seeking to outperform their designated benchmark and other funds with similar investment profiles;

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NextShares funds value their shares at the end of each business day by dividing the current value of fund assets, less liabilities by the number of shares outstanding (referred to as “net asset value per share” or “NAV”);

·

Investors may purchase and sell shares of a NextShares fund on a national securities exchange or alternative trading system through a Broker.  Individual shares may not be directly purchased or redeemed from the issuing fund;

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Trading prices of NextShares are directly linked to the fund’s next end-of-day NAV utilizing a patented trading approach called “NAV-based trading.” In NAV-based trading, all trades are executed at the fund’s next computed NAV plus or minus a trading cost (i.e., a premium or discount to NAV) determined at the time of trade execution. For each NextShares trade, the final transaction price is determined once NAV is computed.  Buyers and sellers will not know the value of their purchases and sales until the end of the trading day.  See “Buying and Selling Shares” below;  



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Prospectus dated __, 2017




·

The premium or discount to NAV at which NextShares transactions are executed will depend on market factors, including the balance of supply and demand for shares among investors, transaction fees and other costs associated with creating and redeeming Creation Units of shares, competition among market makers, the share inventory positions and inventory strategies of market makers, and the volume of share trading. Reflecting these and other market factors, prices of shares in the secondary market may be above, at or below NAV.  NextShares do not offer the opportunity to transact intraday at prices determined at time of trade execution;

·

NextShares issue and redeem shares only in transactions by or through Authorized Participants in designated Creation Unit blocks of shares in exchange for the Basket of securities, other instruments and/or cash currently specified by the fund.  Transactions may be effected partially or entirely in cash when in-kind delivery is not practicable or deemed not in the best interests of shareholders.  NextShares issue and redeem Creation Units of shares at NAV, plus or minus a transaction fee that is intended to cover the fund’s cost of processing the transaction and converting the Basket to or from the desired composition. See “Buying and Selling Shares” below; and

·

Prior to the beginning of market trading each business day, each NextShares fund will disclose the Basket that it will accept from and deliver to Authorized Participants to settle purchases and redemptions of Creation Units on that day.   See “Buying and Selling Shares” below. The Basket is not intended to represent current holdings and may vary significantly from the fund’s current portfolio positioning.  

NextShares funds seek to enhance their performance by utilizing a cost- and tax-efficient structure and by maintaining the confidentiality of current portfolio trading information. NextShares are designed to be long-term investment vehicles and are not suited for short-term trading. As described below, there are important differences between NextShares and ETFs and mutual funds.

Investors should be aware that the investments made, and performance results achieved by NextShares funds may differ from those of other funds for which CRM (or an affiliate) acts as investment adviser, including funds with similar names, investment objectives and policies.

How NextShares Compare to Mutual Funds.  Mutual fund shares may be purchased and redeemed directly from the issuing fund for cash at the next determined NAV. NextShares, by contrast, cannot be directly purchased or redeemed except by or through Authorized Participants in Creation Unit quantities in exchange for the specified Basket.  Unlike NextShares, mutual fund shares do not trade on an exchange.  Because trading prices of NextShares may vary from NAV and commissions may apply, NextShares may be more expensive to buy and sell than mutual funds.  Like mutual funds, NextShares may be bought or sold in specified share or dollar quantities, although not all Brokers may accept dollar-based orders.

Relative to investing in mutual funds, the NextShares structure offers certain potential advantages that may translate into improved performance and higher tax efficiency.  More specifically:

·

NextShares have a single class of shares with no sales loads or distribution and service (12b-1) fees;

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Because they are set up to take advantage of the highly efficient share processing system of the Depositary Trust Company (“DTC”) used for publicly traded stocks and ETFs, NextShares are expected to operate with lower transfer agency expenses than incurred by most mutual funds;  

·

Unlike most mutual funds, NextShares are designed to protect fund performance from dilution in connection with shareholder inflows and outflows.  For mutual funds, the costs of accommodating shareholder flows include the incremental trading costs incurred by the fund to resize its portfolio positions in response to inflows and outflows, and the foregone returns on portfolio cash held for flow-related reasons.  In the NextShares structure, flow-related fund costs can be minimized by issuing and redeeming shares in-kind, and substantially offset by imposing transaction fees on direct purchases and redemption of shares; and

·

The Internal Revenue Code provides that a fund’s distributions of appreciated property to meet redemptions do not result in recognition by the fund of capital gains on the distributed property. NextShares funds generally meet redemptions by distributing securities and other instruments, while mutual funds typically meet redemptions with cash.  To raise cash for redemptions, a mutual fund may be required to sell appreciated fund assets and thereby realize capital gains.  By avoiding this adverse tax effect, NextShares that utilize in-kind redemptions may achieve higher tax efficiency than a mutual fund that meets redemptions with cash.  Not all NextShares funds may meet redemptions in kind.  NextShares funds that meet redemptions entirely in cash should not be expected to be more tax efficient than similar mutual funds.  



Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares

15

Prospectus dated __, 2017



How NextShares Compare to ETFs.  Similar to ETFs, NextShares are issued and redeemed in Creation Unit quantities and trade throughout the day on an exchange.  Unlike ETFs, trading prices of NextShares are directly linked to the fund’s next end-of-day NAV using NAV-based trading.  As described above, in NAV-based trading, all trades are executed at NAV plus or minus a trading cost (i.e., a premium or discount to NAV) determined at the time of trade execution.  Different from ETFs, NextShares do not offer opportunities to transact intraday based on currently (versus end-of-day) determined prices.  Buyers and Sellers of NextShares will not know the value of their purchases and sales until NAV is determined at the end of the trading day.

·

Different from ETFs, NextShares offer market makers a profit opportunity that does not require the management of intraday market risk.  To realize profits from NextShares market making, a market maker holding positions in NextShares accumulated intraday need only transact with the fund to purchase (or redeem) a corresponding number of Creation Units, buy (sell) the equivalent quantities of Basket instruments at market-closing or better prices, and dispose of any remaining sub-Creation Unit share inventory through secondary market transactions prior to the close.  Because making markets in NextShares is simple to manage and low risk, competition among market makers seeking to earn reliable, low-risk profits should enable NextShares to routinely trade at tight bid-ask spreads and narrow premiums or discounts to NAV;

·

Unlike actively managed ETFs, NextShares are not required to disclose their full holdings on a daily basis, thereby protecting fund shareholders against the potentially dilutive effects of other market participants front-running the fund’s trades. Because the mechanism that underlies efficient trading of NextShares does not involve non-Basket instruments, the need for portfolio holdings disclosure to achieve tight markets in NextShares is eliminated;  

·

Like ETFs, only an Authorized Participant may transact directly with a NextShares fund. A fund may have a limited number of institutions that act as Authorized Participants. To the extent that these institutions exit the business or are unable to proceed with creation and/or redemption orders with respect to the fund and no other Authorized Participant is able to step forward to create or redeem, shares may trade at a discount to NAV and possibly face delisting; and

·

Different from conventional ETF trading, the NAV-based trading employed for NextShares provides built-in trade execution cost transparency and the ability to control transaction costs using limit orders.  This feature of NextShares distinguishes them from ETFs, for which the variance between market prices and underlying portfolio values is not always known to individual investors and cannot be controlled by them.

Management and Organization

CRM is a business trust established under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC.  CRM became the investment adviser to the Fund on December 31, 2016 following a transaction between CRM and certain of its affiliates and Calvert Investment Management, Inc. (“CIM”) and certain of its affiliates pursuant to which CRM acquired substantially all of the business assets of CIM, after satisfying various closing conditions, including shareholder approval of a new investment advisory agreement between the Fund and CRM.  Because the transaction was structured as an asset purchase, CRM assumed no responsibility for the obligations or liabilities of CIM existing prior to the closing of the transaction.

CRM is a subsidiary of Eaton Vance Management (“Eaton Vance”).  Eaton Vance, Inc. (“EV”) serves as trustee of CRM.  Each of CRM, EV and Eaton Vance is a direct or indirect subsidiary of Eaton Vance Corp. (“EVC”), a Maryland corporation and publicly-held holding company.  EVC through its subsidiaries and affiliates engages primarily in investment management, administration and marketing activities. Eaton Vance has been managing assets since 1924 and managing mutual funds since 1931. Eaton Vance and its affiliates (including CRM) currently manage over $380 billion on behalf of mutual funds, institutional clients and individuals.  CRM’s address is 4550 Montgomery Avenue, Suite 1000N, Bethesda, MD 20814.  The business address of EVC, EV and Eaton Vance is Two International Place, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. The Fund’s annual shareholder report covering the fiscal period ended December 31, 2016 provides information regarding the basis for the Trustees’ approval of the Fund’s investment advisory agreement.   

CRM manages the investments of the Fund and also serves as administrator to the Fund, providing administrative services and related office facilities.  The fees payable by the Fund for administrative services are described below.

Average Daily Net Assets for the Month

Annual Fee Rate

First $1 billion

0.26%

All assets above $1 billion

0.25%




Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares

16

Prospectus dated __, 2017



Portfolio Managers

The portfolio managers of the Fund are Vishal Khanduja and Brian Ellis.  Mr. Khanduja manages other Calvert funds and is a Vice President of CRM.  Prior to joining CRM, he was a Portfolio Manager and Head of Taxable Fixed Income at CIM and prior to July 2012 he was a Portfolio Manager – Global Rates and Currency Team at Columbia Management from 2009- 2012.  Mr. Ellis manages other Calvert funds and is a Vice President of CRM.  Prior to joining CRM, he was a Portfolio Manager and a member of the Taxable Fixed Income Team at CIM and prior to May 2012 he was a Business Analyst at CIM for more than five years.

The Fund’s semi-annual shareholder report covering the fiscal period ending __ will provide information regarding the basis for the Trustees’ approval of the Fund’s investment advisory and administrative agreement.

The Statement of Additional Information provides additional information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts managed by each portfolio manager, and each portfolio manager’s ownership of Fund shares with respect to which that manager has management responsibilities.

NextShares Operations Agreement. The Fund has entered into an agreement with CRM pursuant to which CRM will provide the Fund with services required to operate NextShares in accordance with the exemptive order obtained by Eaton Vance. Pursuant to the agreement, CRM will receive a monthly fee at a rate of 0.05% annually of the aggregate average net assets of the NextShares funds sponsored by CRM (“Covered Assets”), which is reduced for Covered Assets of $10 billion and above.

Distributor. Foreside Fund Services, LLC, (the “Distributor”) is the Fund’s distributor.  The Distributor distributes Creation Units of the Fund, but does not maintain a secondary market in shares of the Fund.  The Distributors principal address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101.

Organization.The Fund is a series of Calvert Management Series, a Massachusetts business trust. The Fund does not hold annual shareholder meetings but may hold special meetings for matters that require shareholder approval (such as electing or removing trustees, approving management or advisory contracts or changing investment policies that may only be changed with shareholder approval).

Prior Related Performance of Similarly Managed Fund

CRM is also the investment adviser to Calvert Ultra-Short Income Fund, a registered open-end investment company that has substantially the same investment objective, policies and strategies as the Fund (the “similarly managed fund”).  Set forth below is performance information for the similarly managed fund. This performance information is provided to illustrate the past performance of CRM in managing a substantially similar investment mandate and should not be considered as an indication of future performance of the Fund or CRM. The performance shown below reflects the deduction of the total expenses (net of expense reimbursement) of each respective share class of the similarly managed fund (including the investment advisory fee) [, which are higher than the estimated total expenses of the fund (net of expense reimbursement).] [If the similarly managed fund had been subject to the same fees and expenses as the Fund, the performance shown below would have been higher.].

The performance of the similarly managed fund is shown in the table below for the stated periods ended [ ].  Also shown is the performance of a broad-based securities index used as the benchmark for the similarly managed fund.  

Average Annual Total Return

1 Year

5 Years

Life of Similarly Managed Fund(1)

Calvert Ultra-Short Income Fund(2)

__%

__%

__%

Bloomberg Barclays 9-12 Months Short Treasury Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)(3)

__%

__%

__%

(1)

The similarly managed fund commenced operations on __.

(2)

Assets in the similarly managed fund as of __ were approximately $__.  

(3)

Investors cannot invest directly in an Index.  

How Net Asset Value is Determined

The price of shares is based on the Fund’s NAV. The NAV is computed by adding the value of the Fund’s securities holdings plus other assets, subtracting liabilities, and then dividing the result by the number of shares outstanding.  As described under “Buying and Selling Shares” below, Fund shares trade in the secondary market at the Fund’s next-computed NAV plus or minus a trading cost (i.e., a premium or discount to NAV) determined at the time of trade execution.  Investors transacting in Fund shares will be informed of their final trade price after the Fund’s NAV is determined at the end of the trading day.

The Fund values its shares once each day only when the NYSE is open for trading (typically Monday through Friday), as of the close of regular trading on the Exchange (normally 4:00 p.m. eastern time). If trading on the NYSE is halted for the day before 4 p.m. ET, the Fund’s NAV generally will still be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The Fund is open for business each day the NYSE is open.



Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares

17

Prospectus dated __, 2017



The Fund may hold securities that are primarily listed on foreign exchanges that trade on days when Fund shares are not priced. As a result, the value of the Fund’s shares may change on days when Fund shares cannot be redeemed or purchased.

Generally, portfolio securities and other assets are valued based on market quotations. Debt securities are valued utilizing the average of bid prices or at bid prices based on a matrix system (which considers such factors as security prices, yields, maturities and ratings) furnished by dealers through an independent pricing service.

Under the oversight of the Board of Trustees/Directors and pursuant to the Fund’s valuation procedures adopted by the Board, CRM determines when a market quotation is not readily available or reliable for a particular security.  Investments for which market quotations are not readily available or reliable are fair valued by a fair value team consisting of officers of the Fund and of CRM, as determined in good faith under consistently applied procedures under the general supervision of the Board of Trustees/Directors.  No single standard exists for determining fair value, which depends on the circumstances of each investment, but, in general, fair value is deemed to be the amount an owner might reasonably expect to receive for a security upon its current sale.

In making a fair value determination, CRM, under the ultimate supervision of the Board and pursuant to a Fund’s valuation procedures, generally considers a variety of qualitative and quantitative factors relevant to the particular security or type of security. These factors may change over time and are reviewed periodically to ascertain whether there are changes in the particular circumstances affecting an investment which may warrant a change in either the valuation methodology for the investment, or the fair value derived from that methodology, or both. The general factors considered typically include, for example, fundamental analytical data relating to the investment, the nature and duration of restrictions, if any, on the security, and the forces that influence the market in which the security is purchased and sold, as well as the type of security, the size of the holding and numerous other specific factors. Foreign securities are valued based on quotations from the principal market in which such securities are normally traded. If events occur after the close of the principal market in which securities are traded, and before the close of business of a Fund, that are expected to materially affect the value of those securities, then they are valued at their fair value taking these events into account. In addition, fair value pricing may be used for high-yield debt securities or in other instances where a portfolio security is not traded in significant volume for a substantial period.

The values assigned to fair value investments are based on available information and do not necessarily represent amounts that might ultimately be realized. Further, because of the inherent uncertainty of valuation, the fair values may differ significantly from the value that would have been used had a ready market for the investment existed, and these differences could be material.

Buying and Selling Shares

Trading in the Secondary Market. Shares of the Fund are listed and available for trading on the Listing Exchange during its core trading session (generally 9:30 am until 4:00 pm eastern time). Shares may also be bought and sold on other national securities exchanges and alternative trading systems that have obtained appropriate licenses, adopted applicable rules and developed systems to support trading in Fund shares.  There can be no guarantee that an active trading market will develop or be maintained, or that the Fund’s listing will continue or remain unchanged. The Fund does not impose any minimum investment for shares of the Fund purchased in the secondary market.

Fund shares may be purchased and sold in the secondary market only through a Broker.  When buying or selling shares, you may incur trading commissions or other charges determined by your Broker. Due to applicable brokerage charges and other trading costs, frequent trading may detract from realized investment returns. Trading commissions are frequently a fixed dollar amount, and therefore may be proportionately more costly when buying or selling small amounts of shares.

When you buy or sell Fund shares in the secondary market, you will pay or receive the Fund’s next-computed NAV plus or minus a trading cost (i.e., premium or discount to NAV) determined at the time of trade execution.  The final price of each purchase and sale of Fund shares is determined and confirmed after calculation of that day’s NAV.  

The premium or discount to NAV at which the Fund’s share transactions are executed will depend on market factors, including the balance of supply and demand for shares among investors, transaction fees and other costs associated with creating and redeeming Creation Units of shares, competition among market makers, the share inventory positions and inventory strategies of market makers, and the volume of share trading.  The cost to buy shares (i.e., premium to NAV) will generally increase when there is an imbalance of buyers over sellers and as the costs of creating Creation Units increase.  The cost to sell shares (i.e., discount below NAV) will generally increase when there is an imbalance of sellers over buyers and as the costs of redeeming Creation Units increase.  Reflecting these and other market factors, prices for Fund shares in the secondary market may be above, at or below NAV.  Trading premiums and discounts to the Fund’s NAV may be significant.  Different from how Fund shares trade, purchases and sales of mutual fund shares are made at the next determined NAV and transactions in shares of ETFs are priced intraday and not directly related to the ETF’s NAV.



Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares

18

Prospectus dated __, 2017



Information regarding the trading history of Fund shares is available on the Fund’s website at www.calvert.com.  Each business day, the website displays the prior business day’s NAV and the following trading information for such day:

·

intraday high, low, average and closing prices of shares in exchange trading, expressed as premiums/discounts to NAV;

·

the midpoint of the highest bid and lowest offer prices as of the close of exchange trading, expressed as a premium/discount to NAV;

·

the spread between highest bid and lowest offer prices as of the close of exchange trading; and

·

volume of shares traded.

The website also includes charts showing the frequency distribution and range of values of NAV-based trading prices, closing bid/ask midpoints and closing bid/ask spreads over time.  This trading information is intended to provide useful information to current buyers and sellers of Fund shares.  

Trading prices of shares are directly linked to the Fund’s next-computed NAV, which is normally determined as of the close of regular market trading each business day.  Buyers and sellers of shares will not know the value of their purchases and sales until the Fund’s NAV is determined at the end of the trading day.  Trade prices are contingent upon the determination of NAV and may vary significantly from anticipated levels (including estimates based on intraday indicative values as described below) during periods of market volatility. Although limit orders can be used to control differences in trade price versus NAV, they cannot be used to control or limit trade execution prices.

The Listing Exchange is generally open for trading Monday through Friday of each week, except that it is closed on the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.  A “Business Day” with respect to the Fund’s secondary market trading and transaction in Creation Units is each day the Listing Exchange is open. Orders from Authorized Participants to create or redeem Creation Units will only be accepted on a Business Day. On days when the Listing Exchange closes earlier than normal, the Fund may require orders to create or redeem Creation Units to be placed earlier in the day. See the Statement of Additional Information for more information.

Shares of the Fund may be acquired from the Fund through the Distributor or redeemed from the Fund only in Creation Units or multiples thereof, as discussed in “Creations and Redemptions” below.

Intraday Indicative Values.  At periodic intervals of not more than 15 minutes during the Listing Exchange’s regular trading session, an indicative estimate of the Fund’s current portfolio value will be disseminated. The IIV calculations are estimates of the real-time value of the Fund’s underlying holdings based on current market prices and should not be viewed as a projection of NAV, which is calculated only once a day.  The purpose of IIVs is to help investors determine the number of shares to buy or sell if they want to transact in an approximate dollar amount.  Because IIVs will generally differ from the end-of-day NAV of the Fund, they cannot be used to calculate with precision the dollar value of a prescribed number of shares to be bought or sold.  IIVs may deviate from NAVs for various reasons, including use by the IIV agent of different pricing sources than used to calculate NAVs and/or difficulty pricing portfolio instruments on an intraday basis.  Investors should understand that share transaction prices are based on closing NAVs, and that NAVs may vary significantly from IIVs during periods of market volatility.  Neither the Fund, the Trust or any of their affiliates are involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or dissemination of IIVs nor make any warranty as to their accuracy.  

Creations and Redemptions.  The Fund issues and redeems shares only in Creation Unit blocks of 25,000 shares or multiples thereof. Creation Units may be purchased or redeemed only by or through Authorized Participants. Each Authorized Participant must enter into an Authorized Participant agreement with the Distributor.  A creation transaction, which is subject to acceptance by the Fund’s Distributor, generally takes place when an Authorized Participant submits an order in proper form and deposits into the Fund the Basket of securities, other instruments and/or cash that the Fund specifies for that day.  

To preserve the confidentiality of the Fund’s trading activities, the investment adviser anticipates that the Basket will normally not be a pro rata slice of the Fund’s portfolio positions and may vary significantly from the Fund’s current portfolio.  Securities being acquired will generally be excluded from the Basket until their purchase is completed and securities being sold may not be removed from the Basket until the sale program is substantially completed. Further, when deemed by the investment adviser to be in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders, other portfolio positions may be excluded from the Basket.  The Fund’s Basket will be available on the Fund’s website each day.  Whenever portfolio positions are excluded from the Basket, the Basket may (but is not required to) include proportionately more cash than is in the portfolio, with such additional cash substituting for the excluded portfolio positions.  See “Buying and Selling Shares - Purchase and Redemption of Creation Units” in the Statement of Additional Information.  By not disclosing its full holdings currently, the Fund can maintain the confidentiality of portfolio trading information and mitigate the potentially dilutive effects of other market participants front-running the Fund’s trades.   



Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares

19

Prospectus dated __, 2017



Shares may be redeemed only in Creation Units in exchange for the current Basket as described above, provided that the Fund may permit an Authorized Participant to deliver or receive cash in lieu of some or all of the Basket instruments in limited circumstances as described under “Buying and Selling Shares – Payment” in the Statement of Additional Information. Except when aggregated in Creation Units, shares are not redeemable by the Fund. The prices at which creations and redemptions occur are based on the next calculation of NAV after an order is received in proper form, plus or minus the applicable transaction fee (see “Transaction Fees” below).  Transactions in Creation Units are not subject to a sales charge.  

A creation or redemption order is considered to be in proper form if all procedures set forth in this Prospectus, the Authorized Participant agreement, order form and Statement of Additional Information are properly followed. For an order to be in proper form, the order must be submitted by an authorized person of an Authorized Participant and include all required information prior to the designated cut-off time (e.g., identifying information of the Authorized Participant and authorized person, Fund the order relates to, type of order, number of Creation Units being issued or redeemed, and personal identification number, signature and/or other means of identification of the authorized person).  See “Additional Tax Information” for information regarding taxation of transactions in Creation Units.

The Fund intends to comply with the U.S. federal securities laws in accepting securities for deposit and satisfying redemptions with securities, including that the securities accepted for deposit and the securities used to satisfy redemption requests will be sold in transactions that would be exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). Further, a shareholder that is not a “qualified institutional buyer,” as such term is defined under Rule 144A of the 1933 Act, will not be able to receive Fund securities that are restricted securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A.

An Authorized Participant must be either a member of the Continuous Net Settlement System of the National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”) or a DTC participant, and must have executed an Authorized Participant agreement with the Distributor with respect to creations and redemptions of Creation Units. Information about the procedures regarding creation and redemption of Creation Units (including the cut-off times for receipt of creation and redemption orders) is included in the Statement of Additional Information.

Because new shares may be issued on an ongoing basis, at any point during the life of the Fund a “distribution,” as such term is used in the 1933 Act, may occur. Brokers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner that could render them statutory underwriters and subject to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the 1933 Act. Any determination of whether a party is an underwriter must take into account all the relevant facts and circumstances of each particular case. Brokers should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as contrasted to ordinary secondary transactions), and thus dealing with shares that are part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of Section 4(3)(C) of the 1933 Act, would be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(3) of the 1933 Act. For delivery of prospectuses to exchange members, the prospectus delivery mechanism of Rule 153 under the 1933 Act is available only with respect to transactions on a national securities exchange.

The Fund does not impose any restrictions on the frequency of purchases and redemptions of Creation Units; however, the Fund reserves the right to reject or limit purchases at any time. When considering that no restriction on frequent purchases and redemptions is necessary, the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) evaluated the risks posed by market timing activities, such as whether frequent purchases and redemptions would interfere with the efficient implementation of the Fund’s investment strategy, or whether they would cause the Fund to experience increased transaction costs. The Board considered that, unlike most mutual funds, the Fund charges transaction fees on purchases and redemptions that are designed to protect the Fund from the associated dilution (see “Transaction Fees” below). Given the Fund’s structure and use of transaction fees, the Board has determined that it is unlikely that attempts to market time the Fund by shareholders will materially harm the Fund or its shareholders.

Transaction Fees.   Purchasers and redeemers of Creation Units are charged a transaction fee to cover the estimated cost to the Fund of processing the purchase or redemption, including costs charged to it by NSCC or DTC, and the estimated transaction costs (i.e., brokerage commissions, bid-ask spread and market impact trading costs) incurred in converting the Basket to or from the desired portfolio composition.  The transaction fee is determined daily and will be limited to amounts approved by the Board and determined by the investment adviser to be appropriate to defray the expenses that the Fund incurs in connection with the purchase or redemption.  The Fund’s transaction fee will be available on the Fund’s website each day.  The purpose of transaction fees is to protect the Fund’s existing shareholders from the dilutive costs associated with the purchase and redemption of Creation Units.  The amount of transaction fees will differ among NextShares funds and may vary over time for the Fund depending on the estimated trading costs for its portfolio positions and Basket, processing costs and other considerations.  Transaction fees may include fixed amounts per creation or redemption event, amounts varying with the number of Creation Units purchased or redeemed, and amounts varying based on the time an order is placed.  Funds that substitute cash for Basket instruments may impose higher transaction fees on the substituted cash amount.  Higher transaction fees may apply to purchases and redemptions through DTC than through the NSCC.  



Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares

20

Prospectus dated __, 2017



Book Entry.  Fund shares are held in book-entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. DTC serves as the securities depository for shares of the Fund. DTC, or its nominee, is the record owner of all outstanding shares of the Fund and is recognized as the owner of all shares for all purposes. Investors owning shares of the Fund are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or DTC participants. DTC participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of shares. To exercise any right as an owner of shares, you must rely upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same as those that apply to any other exchange-traded securities that you hold in book-entry or “street name” form.

Investments by Registered Investment Companies.  The Fund is a registered investment company under the 1940 Act.  Accordingly, purchases of Fund shares by other registered investment companies and companies relying on Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act are subject to the restrictions set forth in Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, except as permitted by an exemptive order of the SEC.  The Eaton Vance NextShares Trust has received exemptive relief to permit registered investment companies to invest in Fund shares beyond the limits of Section 12(d)(1)(A), of the 1940 Act, subject to certain terms and conditions, including that the registered investment company first enters into a written agreement with the Trust regarding the terms of the investment in Fund shares.

Distribution

The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and is the “principal underwriter” for the Trust in connection with the issuance of Creation Units of each Fund.

All orders to purchase Creation Units of the Fund must be placed with State Street Bank and Trust Company, the Transfer and Dividend Disbursing Agent (the “Transfer Agent”) by or through an Authorized Participant, and it is the responsibility of the Transfer Agent to transmit such orders to the Fund. The Transfer Agent furnishes to those placing such orders confirmation that the orders have been accepted, but the Transfer Agent may reject any order that is not submitted in proper form.

The Distributor is responsible for delivering a copy of the Fund's Prospectus to Authorized Participants purchasing Creation Units and the Transfer Agent and the Distributor are responsible for maintaining records of the orders placed and any confirmations of acceptance furnished. In addition, the Custodian will maintain a record of the instructions given to the Fund to implement the delivery of Creation Units.

The investment adviser (or one of its affiliates) may make payments to financial intermediaries related to marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, conferences, the development of technology platforms and reporting systems, or for making shares of the Fund available to their customers. Such payments, which may be significant to the financial intermediary, are not made by the Fund. Rather, such payments are made by the investment adviser (or one of its affiliates) from its own resources. A financial intermediary may make decisions about which investment options it recommends or makes available, or the level of services provided, to its customers based on the payments it is eligible to receive. Therefore, such payments to a financial intermediary create conflicts of interest between such intermediary and its customers and may cause the intermediary to recommend the Fund over another investment.

To the extent permitted by applicable law or relevant exchange rules, the Fund may in the future, but is not required to, participate in certain market maker incentive programs of a national securities exchange pursuant to which CRM or one of its affiliates would pay a fee to the exchange to be used for the purpose of incentivizing one or more market makers to enhance the liquidity and quality of the secondary market for Fund shares. The fee would be credited by the exchange to one or more market makers that meet or exceed liquidity and market quality standards with respect to Fund shares. Each market maker incentive program is subject to approval by the SEC. Any such fee payments made to an exchange will be made by CRM or one of its affiliate from its own resources and will not be paid by the Fund.

Portfolio Holdings Disclosure

The Calvert funds have established policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of portfolio holdings and other information concerning fund characteristics. A description of these policies and procedures is provided below and in the Statement of Additional Information. Such policies and procedures regarding disclosure of portfolio holdings are designed to prevent the misuse of material, non-public information about the funds.  

A list of the Fund’s portfolio holdings as of each month end will be posted to the Calvert funds’ website (www.calvert.com) approximately one month after such month end. The Fund also will post information about certain portfolio characteristics (such as top ten holdings and asset allocation by market sector or geography) at least quarterly on the Calvert funds’ website approximately ten Business Days after the period end.  The Fund may also post performance attribution as of a month end or more frequently if deemed appropriate.  In addition, the Fund files with the SEC annual and semiannual reports on Form N-CSR and reports on Form N-Q as of the end of the first and third fiscal quarters, each containing a list of the portfolio holdings.  The Fund’s reports on Form N-CSR and Form N-Q may be viewed on the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov) and the Calvert funds’ website approximately 60 days after quarter end.



Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares

21

Prospectus dated __, 2017



The Fund’s actual holdings on a particular day may vary significantly from the most recent publicly disclosed portfolio composition.  As described above under “Additional Information about NextShares – How NextShares Compare to ETFs,” the Fund does not disclose portfolio holdings daily.  The Basket used in creations and redemptions of Fund shares is not intended to be representative of current portfolio holdings and may vary significantly from the Fund’s current holdings.

Fund Distributions

The Fund expects to declare dividend distributions monthly, and intends to distribute any net realized capital gains annually.  Dividend payments may not be paid if Fund expenses exceed Fund income for the period.  It may also be necessary, due to Federal tax requirements, for the Fund to make a special income and/or capital gains distribution at the end of the calendar year.  Dividend payments are made through DTC participants and indirect participants to beneficial owners then of record with proceeds received from the Fund.

No dividend reinvestment service is provided by the Trust. Financial intermediaries may make available the DTC book-entry Dividend Reinvestment Service for use by beneficial owners of Fund shares for reinvestment of their dividend distributions. Beneficial owners should contact their financial intermediary to determine the availability and costs of the service and the details of participation therein. Financial intermediaries may require beneficial owners to adhere to specific procedures and timetables. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions will generally be automatically reinvested in additional shares of the Fund purchased in the secondary market.

Additional Tax Information

[The Fund intends to declare and pay distributions monthly, and to distribute any net realized capital gains (if any) annually.  It may also be necessary for the Fund to make a special income and/or capital gains distribution at the end of the calendar year.  Distributions of income (other than qualified dividend income, which is described below) and net short-term capital gains generally will be taxable as ordinary income.  Distributions of qualified dividend income and any net gains from investments held for more than one year are generally taxable at long-term capital gain rates.  Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long the Portfolio or the Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her shares in the Fund.  Different classes may distribute different amounts.  The Fund’s distributions will be taxable as described above whether they are paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares.  A portion of the Fund’s income distributions may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporations.

Distributions of investment income reported by the Fund as derived from “qualified dividend income” will be taxed in the hands of individuals at rates applicable to long-term capital gains provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and the Portfolio or Fund level.

Investors who purchase shares at a time when the Fund’s net asset value reflects gains that are either unrealized or realized but undistributed will pay the full price for the shares and then may receive some portion of the purchase price back as a taxable distribution.  Certain distributions paid in January may be taxable to shareholders as if received on December 31 of the prior year.  A redemption of Fund shares is generally a taxable transaction.

Purchasers of Creation Units of shares on an in-kind basis will generally recognize a gain or loss on the purchase transaction equal to the difference between the market value of the Creation Units and the purchaser’s aggregate basis in the securities or other instruments exchanged plus (or minus) the cash amount paid (or received).  Persons redeeming Creation Units will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the redeeming shareholder’s basis in the Creation Units redeemed and the aggregate market value of the securities or other instruments received plus (or minus) the cash amount received (or paid).

The Internal Revenue Service may assert that a loss realized upon an exchange of securities or other instruments for Creation Units cannot be deducted currently under the rules governing “wash sales.”  In such a case, the basis of the Creation Units will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.  Persons exchanging securities or other instruments should consult their own tax advisors with respect to whether wash sale rules apply and whether a loss is deductible. Any capital gain or loss realized by a shareholder upon a redemption of Creation Units is generally treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the Creation Units have been held for more than one year and as short-term capital gain or loss if they have been held for one year or less. If you purchase or redeem Creation Units, you will be sent a confirmation statement showing how many shares you purchased or sold and at what price.

The net investment income of certain U.S. individuals, estates and trusts is subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax.  For individuals, the tax is on the lesser of the “net investment income” and the excess of modified adjusted gross income over $200,000 (or $250,000 if married filing jointly).  Net investment income includes, among other things, interest, dividends, and gross income and capital gains derived from passive activities and trading in securities or commodities.  Net investment income is reduced by deductions “properly allocable” to this income.



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Prospectus dated __, 2017



Investments in foreign securities or loans may be subject to foreign withholding taxes or other foreign taxes with respect to income (possibly including, in some cases, capital gains), which may decrease yield on such securities.  These taxes may be reduced or eliminated under the terms of an applicable tax treaty.  Shareholders generally will not be entitled to claim a credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes paid by the Fund or the Portfolio.  In addition, investments in foreign securities or loans or foreign currencies may increase or accelerate the Fund’s recognition of ordinary income and may affect the timing or amount of the Fund’s distributions.

Certain foreign entities may be subject to a 30% withholding tax on ordinary dividend income paid and, after December 31, 2018, on redemption proceeds and certain capital gain dividends paid under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”). To avoid withholding, foreign financial institutions subject to FATCA must agree to disclose to the relevant revenue authorities certain information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. owners and other foreign entities must certify certain information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. owners to the Fund. For more detailed information regarding FATCA withholding and compliance, please refer to the Statement of Additional Information.

The Fund may be required to withhold, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, 28% of the dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds payable to shareholders who fail to provide the Fund with their correct taxpayer identification number or make required certifications, or who have been notified by the Internal Revenue Service that they are subject to backup withholding. Certain shareholders are exempt from backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amount withheld may be credited against a shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability.

Shareholders should consult with their tax advisors concerning the applicability of federal, state, local, foreign and other taxes to an investment.] TO BE COMPLETED BY AMENDMENT

 



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Prospectus dated __, 2017



Appendix A

The Calvert Principles for Responsible Investment

We believe that most corporations and other issuers of securities deliver a net benefit to society, through their products and services, creation of jobs and the sum of their behaviors.  As a responsible investor, Calvert Research and Management seeks to invest in issuers that provide positive leadership in the areas of their operations and overall activities that are material to improving societal outcomes, including those that will affect future generations.  

Calvert seeks to invest in issuers that balance the needs of financial and nonfinancial stakeholders and demonstrate a commitment to the global commons, as well as to the rights of individuals and communities.

The Calvert Principles for Responsible Investment (Calvert Principles) provide a framework for Calvert’s evaluation of investments and guide Calvert’s stewardship on behalf of clients through active engagement with issuers.  The Calvert Principles seek to identify companies and other issuers that operate in a manner that is consistent with or promote:

Environmental Sustainability and Resource Efficiency  

·

Reduce the negative impact of operations and practices on the environment

·

Manage water scarcity and ensure efficient and equitable access to clean sources

·

Mitigate impact on all types of natural capital

·

Diminish climate-related risks and reduce carbon emissions

·

Drive sustainability innovation and resource efficiency through business operations or other activities, products and services

Equitable Societies and Respect for Human Rights  

·

Respect consumers by marketing products and services in a fair and ethical manner, maintaining integrity in customer relations and ensuring the security of sensitive consumer data

·

Respect human rights, respect culture and tradition in local communities and economies, and respect Indigenous Peoples’ Rights

·

Promote diversity and gender equity across workplaces, marketplaces and communities

·

Demonstrate a commitment to employees by promoting development, communication, appropriate economic opportunity and decent workplace standards

·

Respect the health and well-being of consumers and other users of products and services by promoting product safety

Accountable Governance and Transparency  

·

Provide responsible stewardship of capital in the best interests of shareholders and debtholders

·

Exhibit accountable governance and develop effective boards or other governing bodies that reflect expertise and diversity of perspective and provide oversight of sustainability risk and opportunity

·

Include environmental and social risks, impacts and performance in material financial disclosures to inform shareholders and debtholders, benefit stakeholders and contribute to strategy

·

Lift ethical standards in all operations, including in dealings with customers, regulators and business partners

·

Demonstrate transparency and accountability in addressing adverse events and controversies while minimizing risks and building trust

Calvert’s commitment to these Principles signifies continuing focus on investing in issuers with superior responsibility and sustainability characteristics. The application of the Calvert Principles generally precludes investments in issuers that:

·

Demonstrate poor environmental performance or compliance records, contribute significantly to local or global environmental problems, or include risks related to the operation of nuclear power facilities.

·

Are the subject of serious labor-related actions or penalties by regulatory agencies or demonstrate a pattern of employing forced, compulsory or child labor.

·

Exhibit a pattern and practice of human rights violations or are directly complicit in human rights violations committed by governments or security forces, including those that are under U.S. or international sanction for grave human rights abuses, such as genocide and forced labor.

·

Exhibit a pattern and practice of violating the rights and protections of Indigenous Peoples.

·

Demonstrate poor governance or engage in harmful or unethical practices.

·

Manufacture tobacco products.

·

Have significant and direct involvement in the manufacture of alcoholic beverages or gambling operations.



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Prospectus dated __, 2017




·

Manufacture or have significant and direct involvement in the sale of firearms and/or ammunition.

·

Manufacture, design or sell weapons, or the critical components of weapons that violate international humanitarian law; or manufacture, design or sell inherently offensive weapons, as defined by the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe and the U.N. Register on Conventional Arms, or the munitions designed for use in such inherently offensive weapons.

·

Abuse animals, cause unnecessary suffering and death of animals, or whose operations involve the exploitation or mistreatment of animals.

·

Develop genetically-modified organisms for environmental release without countervailing social benefits such as demonstrating leadership in promoting safety, protection of Indigenous Peoples’ rights, the interests of organic farmers and the interests of developing countries generally.

An investment in a particular company or other issuer does not constitute Calvert’s endorsement or validation of the issuer, and the absence of a particular investment from a managed portfolio does not necessarily indicate that the issuer operates in a manner that is inconsistent with the Calvert Principles.



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Prospectus dated __, 2017



[cusinspro006.jpg]


More Information

About the Fund:  More information is available in the Statement of Additional Information.  The Statement of Additional Information is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus.  Additional information about the Fund’s investments will be available in the annual and semiannual reports to shareholders.  In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during the past fiscal year.  You may obtain free copies of the Statement of Additional Information and the shareholder reports on the Calvert funds’ website at www.calvert.com or by contacting the principal underwriter:

Calvert Funds
P.O. Box 219544
Kansas City, MO  64121-9544
1-800-368-2745

You will find and may copy information about the Fund (including the Statement of Additional Information and shareholder reports):  at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, DC (call 1-212-551-8090 for information on the operation of the public reference room); on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov); or, upon payment of copying fees, by writing to the SEC’s Public Reference Section, 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549-1520, or by electronic mail at publicinfo@sec.gov.



Investment Company Act file No. is 811-03101

 

__ 9.__.17

 


Printed on recycled paper using soy or vegetable inks.






SUBJECT TO COMPLETION

__, 2017


STATEMENT OF
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
__, 2017





Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares

Ticker [__]

Listing Exchange:  The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

4550 Montgomery Avenue
Bethesda, Maryland 20814
1-800-368-2745

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) provides general information about the Fund. The Fund is a series of Calvert Management Series.  Capitalized terms used in this SAI and not otherwise defined have the meanings given to them in the Prospectus.  

This SAI contains additional information about:

 

Page

 

 

Page

Strategies and Risks

3

 

Performance

21

Investment Restrictions

5

 

Dividends, Distributions and Taxes

22

Management and Organization

7

 

Portfolio Securities Transactions

24

Investment Advisory and Administrative Services

12

 

Personal Securities Transactions

25

Portfolio Manager Disclosure

12

 

Proxy Voting Disclosure

26

Administrative Services

14

 

Process for Delivering Shareholder Communications to the Board of Trustees

26

Other Service Providers

14

 

Other Information

26

Calculation of Net Asset Value

15

 

Financial Statements

26

Buying and Selling Shares

16

 

Additional Information About Investment Strategies

27


Appendix A: Bank and Exchange Holidays in World Markets

67

 

Appendix C:  Summary of Adviser Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures

82

Appendix B: Ratings

72

 

Appendix D:  Global Proxy Voting Guidelines for Calvert Family of Funds

83

 

 

 

 

 

This SAI is NOT a prospectus and is authorized for distribution to prospective investors only if preceded or accompanied by the Fund Prospectus dated __, 2017, as supplemented from time to time, which is incorporated herein by reference. This SAI should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus, which may be obtained by calling 1-800-368-2745.

THE INFORMATION IN THIS STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ("SAI") IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE.  THIS SAI, WHICH IS NOT A PROSPECTUS, IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL THESE SECURITIES AND IS NOT SOLICITING AN OFFER TO BUY THESE SECURITIES IN ANY STATE WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.


© 2017Calvert Research and Management





Definitions

The following terms that may be used in this SAI have the meaning set forth below:

“1940 Act” means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended;

“1933 Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;

“Basket” means the basket of securities, other instruments and/or cash that the Fund specifies each Business Day and for which it issues and redeems Creation Units;

 “Board” means Board of Trustees or Board of Directors, as applicable;

“CEA” means Commodity Exchange Act;

“CFTC” means the Commodity Futures Trading Commission;

“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended;

“Creation Units” means blocks of Fund shares (or multiples thereof) as described in the Prospectus;

“DTC” means the Depository Trust Company;

“FINRA” means the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority;

“Fund” means the Fund or Funds listed on the cover of this SAI unless stated otherwise;

“investment adviser” means the investment adviser identified in the prospectus and, with respect to the implementation of the Fund’s investment strategies (including as described under “Taxes”) and portfolio securities transactions, any sub-adviser identified in the prospectus;

“IRS” means the Internal Revenue Service;

“Listing Exchange” means The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC;

“NSCC” means the National Securities Clearing Corporation;

“NYSE” means the New York Stock Exchange;

“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission; and

“Trust” means Calvert Management Series.



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SAI dated __, 2017


STRATEGIES AND RISKS

The Fund prospectus identifies the types of investments in which the Fund will principally invest in seeking its investment objective(s) and the principal risks associated therewith. The categories checked in the table below are all of the investments the Fund is permitted to make, including its principal investments and the investment practices the Fund (either directly or through one or more Portfolios as may be described in the prospectus) is permitted to engage in. To the extent that an investment type or practice listed below is not identified in the Fund prospectus as a principal investment strategy, the Fund generally expects to invest less than 5% of its total assets in such investment type.  If a particular investment type or practice that is checked and listed below but not referred to in the prospectus becomes a more significant part of the Fund’s strategy, the prospectus may be amended to disclose that investment type or practice.  Information about the various investment types and practices and the associated risks checked below is included in alphabetical order in this SAI under “Additional Information about Investment Strategies.

Investment Type

Permitted for or Relevant to the Fund

Asset-Backed Securities (ABS)

Auction Rate Securities

Build America Bonds

 

Call and Put Features on Securities

Cash Equivalents

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs)  

Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities (CMBS)

Commodity-Related Investments

 

Common Stocks

 

Contingent Convertible Securities

 

Convertible Securities

Credit Linked Securities

Derivative Instruments and Related Risks

Derivative-Linked and Commodity-Linked Hybrid Instruments

 

Direct Investments

 

Emerging Market Investments

Equity Investments

 

Equity-Linked Securities

 

Event-Linked Securities

 

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs)

Exchange-Traded Notes (ETNs)

 

Fixed-Income Securities

Foreign Currency Transactions

Foreign Investments

Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts

Forward Rate Agreements

Futures Contracts

High Yield Securities

Hybrid Securities

 

Illiquid Securities

Indexed Securities

Inflation-Indexed (or Inflation-Linked) Bonds



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SAI dated __, 2017



Investment Type

Permitted for or Relevant to the Fund

Junior Loans

 

Liquidity or Protective Put Agreements

 

Loans

Master Limited Partnerships (MLPs)

 

Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS)

Mortgage Dollar Rolls

Municipal Lease Obligations (MLOs)

 

Municipal Obligations

Option Contracts

Pooled Investment Vehicles

Preferred Stock

Real Estate Investments

Repurchase Agreements

Residual Interest Bonds

 

Restricted Securities

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

Rights and Warrants

Royalty Bonds

 

Senior Loans

Short Sales

Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities (SMBS)

Structured Notes

Swap Agreements

Swaptions

 

Trust Certificates

 

Trust Preferred Securities

U.S. Government Securities

Unlisted Securities

 

Variable Rate Instruments

When-Issued Securities, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitments

 

Zero Coupon Bonds, Deep Discount Bonds and Payment In-Kind (PIK) Securities


Other Disclosures Regarding Investment Practices

Permitted for or Relevant to the Fund

Asset Coverage

Average Effective Maturity

 

Borrowing for Investment Purposes

 

Borrowing for Temporary Purposes

Credit Spread Trades

Cyber Security Risk

Diversified Status



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SAI dated __, 2017



Other Disclosures Regarding Investment Practices

Permitted for or Relevant to the Fund

Dividend Capture Trading

 

Duration

Operational Risk

Option Strategy

 

Participation in the ReFlow Liquidity Program

 

Portfolio Turnover

Securities Lending

Short-Term Trading

Significant Exposure to Health Sciences Companies

 

Significant Exposure to Smaller Companies

 

Significant Exposure to Utility and Financial Service Companies

 

Tax-Managed Investing

 


INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

The following investment restrictions of the Fund are designated as fundamental policies and as such cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities, which as used in this SAI means the lesser of:  (a) 67% of the shares of the Fund present or represented by proxy at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present or represented at the meeting; or (b) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.  Accordingly, the Fund may not:

(1)

Borrow money or issue senior securities except as permitted by the 1940 Act;

(2)

Purchase securities on margin (but the Fund may obtain such short-term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of securities).  The deposit or payment by the Fund of initial, maintenance or variation margin in connection with all types of options and futures contract transactions is not considered the purchase of a security on margin;

(3)

Underwrite or participate in the marketing of securities of others, except insofar as it may technically be deemed to be an underwriter in selling a portfolio security under circumstances which may require the registration of the same under the Securities Act of 1933;

(4)

Purchase or sell real estate, although it may purchase and sell securities which are secured by real estate and securities of companies which invest or deal in real estate;

(5)

Make loans to other persons, except by (a) the acquisition of debt securities and making portfolio investments, (b) entering into repurchase agreements (c) lending portfolio securities and (d) lending cash consistent with applicable law;

(6)

With respect to 75% of its total assets, invest more than 5% of its total assets (taken at current value) in the securities of any one issuer, or invest in more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer, except obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities and except securities of other investment companies; or

(7)

Concentrate its investments in any particular industry or group of industries, but, if deemed appropriate for the Fund’s objective, up to (but less than) 25% of the value of its assets may be invested in securities of companies in any one industry (although more than 25% may be invested in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities).

In addition, the Fund may:

(8)

Purchase and sell commodities and commodities contracts of all types and kinds (including without limitation futures contracts, options on futures contracts and other commodities-related investments) to the extent permitted by law.



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SAI dated __, 2017


For purposes of determining industry classifications, the investment adviser considers an issuer to be in a particular industry if a third party has designated the issuer to be in that industry, unless the investment adviser is aware of circumstances that make the third party’s classification inappropriate. In such a case, the investment adviser will assign an industry classification to the issuer.

The Fund’s borrowing policy is consistent with Section 18(f) of the 1940 Act, which states that it shall be unlawful for any registered open-end company to issue any class of senior security or to sell any senior security of which it is the issuer, except that any such registered company shall be permitted to borrow from any bank; provided, that immediately after any such borrowing there is an asset coverage of at least 300% for all borrowings of such registered company; and provided further, that in the event that such asset coverage shall at any time fall below 300% such registered company shall, within three days thereafter (not including Sundays and holidays) or such longer period as the SEC may prescribe by rules and regulations, reduce the amount of its borrowings to an extent that the asset coverage of such borrowings shall be at least 300%.

Notwithstanding its investment policies and restrictions, the Fund may, in compliance with the requirements of the 1940 Act, invest: (i) all of its investable assets in an open-end management investment company with substantially the same investment objective(s), policies and restrictions as the Fund; or (ii) in more than one open-end management investment company sponsored by CRM or its affiliates, provided any such company has investment objective(s), policies and restrictions that are consistent with those of the Fund.

In addition, to the extent a registered open-end investment company acquires securities of a portfolio in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(G) under the 1940 Act, such portfolio shall not acquire any securities of a registered open-end investment company in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(G) or 12(d)(1)(F) under the 1940 Act.

The following nonfundamental investment policies have been adopted by the Fund.  A nonfundamental investment policy may be changed by the Board with respect to the Fund without approval by the Fund’s shareholders.  The Fund will not:

·

make short sales of securities or maintain a short position, unless at all times when a short position is open (i) it owns an equal amount of such securities or securities convertible into or exchangeable, without payment of any further consideration, for securities of the same issue as, and equal in amount to, the securities sold short or (ii) it holds in a segregated account cash or other liquid securities (to the extent required under the 1940 Act) in an amount equal to the current market value of the securities sold short, and unless not more than 25% of its net assets (taken at current value) is held as collateral for such sales at any one time; or

·

invest more than 15% of net assets in investments which are not readily marketable, including restricted securities and repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days.  Restricted securities for the purposes of this limitation do not include securities eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act and commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of said Act that the members of the Board, or their delegate, determines to be liquid.  Any such determination by a delegate will be made pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board.  When investing in Rule 144A securities, the level of portfolio illiquidity may be increased to the extent that eligible buyers become uninterested in purchasing such securities.

Whenever an investment policy or investment restriction set forth in the Prospectus or this SAI states a maximum percentage of assets that may be invested in any security or other asset, or describes a policy regarding quality standards, such percentage limitation or standard shall be determined immediately after and as a result of the acquisition by the Fund of such security or asset.  Accordingly, unless otherwise noted, any later increase or decrease resulting from a change in values, assets or other circumstances or any subsequent rating change made by a rating service (or as determined by the investment adviser if the security is not rated by a rating agency), will not compel the Fund to dispose of such security or other asset.  However, the Fund must always be in compliance with the borrowing policy and limitation on investing in illiquid securities set forth above.  If a sale of securities is required to comply with the 15% limit on illiquid securities, such sales will be made in an orderly manner with consideration of the best interests of shareholders.

The Fund may invest up to 10% of its net assets in reverse repurchase agreements.

The Fund will not make any purchases of securities if borrowing exceeds 15% of total assets.

The Fund may not purchase or retain securities issued by companies for the purpose of exercising control.



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SAI dated __, 2017


MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION

Fund Management.  The Board of Trustees supervises the Fund’s activities and reviews contracts with companies that provide services to the Fund. Business information about the Trustees and Officers as well as information regarding the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills of the Trustees is provided below. Board members and officers of the Trust and the Fund hold indefinite terms of office. Independent Trustees refers to those Trustees who are not “interested persons” as that term is defined in the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder.

Name and Year of Birth

 

Trust Position(s)

 

Length of Service

 

Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years
and Other Relevant Experience

 

Number of Portfolios
in Fund Complex
Overseen By
Trustee

 

Other Directorships Held
During Last Five Years

Interested Trustee

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

JOHN H. STREUR*

1960

 

Trustee & President

 

Since 2016

 

President and Chief Executive Officer of Calvert Research and Management (since December 31, 2016); President and Chief Executive Officer of Calvert Investments, Inc. (January 2015-December 2016); Chief Compliance Officer of Calvert Investment Distributors, Inc. (August 2015-December 2016); Chief Compliance Officer of Calvert Investment Management, Inc. (August 2015 - April 2016); President and Director, Portfolio 21 Investments, Inc. (through October 2014); President, Chief Executive Officer and Director, Managers Investment Group LLC (through January 2012); President and Director, The Managers Funds and Managers AMG Funds (through January 2012).

 

37

 

Portfolio 21 Investments, Inc. (asset management)(through October 2014)

Managers Investment Group LLC (asset management)(through January 2012)

The Managers Funds (asset management) (through January 2012)

Managers AMG Funds (asset management) (through January 2012)

Calvert Social Investment Foundation

Noninterested Trustees

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RICHARD L. BAIRD, JR.

1948

 

Trustee

 

Since 1980

 

Former President and CEO of Adagio Health Inc. (retired in 2014) in Pittsburgh, PA, a non-profit corporation which provides family planning services, nutrition, maternal/child health care, and various health screening services and community preventive health programs.

 

37

 

None

ALICE GRESHAM
BULLOCK
1950

 

Chair and
Trustee

 

Since 2016

 

Professor at Howard University School of Law (retired June 2016). She is former Dean of Howard University School of Law (1996-2002) and Deputy Director of the Association of American Law Schools (1992-1994).

 

37

 

None

CARI M. DOMINGUEZ

1949

 

Trustee

 

Since 2016

 

Former Chair of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

 

37

 

Manpower, Inc. (employment agency)

Triple S Management Corporation (managed care)

National Association of Corporate Directors

JOHN G. GUFFEY, JR.

1948

 

Trustee

 

Since 1982

 

President of Aurora Press Inc., a privately held publisher of trade paperbacks (since January 1997).

 

37

 

Ariel Funds (3) (asset management) (through 12/31/11)

Calvert Social Investment Foundation

Calvert Ventures, LLC

MILES D. HARPER, III

1962

 

Trustee

 

Since 2016

 

Partner, Carr Riggs & Ingram (public accounting firm) since October 2014. Partner, Gainer Donnelly & Desroches (public accounting firm) (now Carr Riggs & Ingram)(November 1999-September 2014).

 

37

 

Bridgeway Funds (14) (asset management)



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SAI dated __, 2017



Name and Year of Birth

 

Trust Position(s)

 

Length of Service

 

Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years
and Other Relevant Experience

 

Number of Portfolios
in Fund Complex
Overseen By
Trustee

 

Other Directorships Held
During Last Five Years

JOY V. JONES

1950

 

Trustee

 

Since 2016

 

Attorney.

 

37

 

Conduit Street Restaurants SUD 2 Limited (restaurant)

(dissolved 9/16)

Palm Management Restaurant Corporation

ANTHONY A. WILLIAMS

1951

 

Trustee

 

Since 2010

 

CEO and Executive Director of the Federal City Council (July 2012 to present); Senior Adviser and Independent Consultant for McKenna Long & Aldridge LLP (now Dentons) (law firm) (September 2011 to present); Executive Director of Global Government Practice at the Corporate Executive Board (now Gartner Inc.) (global research and Advisory company) (January 2010 to January 2012); William H. Bloomberg Lecturer in Public Management at the Harvard Kennedy School (since 2009).

 

37

 

Freddie Mac

Evoq Properties / Meruelo Maddux Properties, Inc. (real estate management)

Weston Solutions, Inc. (environmental services)

Bipartisan Policy Center’s Debt Reduction Task Force

Chesapeake Bay Foundation

(independent conservation organization)

Catholic University of America

Urban Institute (research organization)


Principal Officers who are not Trustees

Name and Year of Birth

 

Trust Position(s)

 

Length of Service

 

Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years

HOPE BROWN

1973

 

Chief Compliance Officer

 

Since 2014

 

Chief Compliance Officer of 37 registered investment companies advised by CRM (since 2014). Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer, Wilmington Funds (2012-2014). Vice President and Senior Compliance Officer, Wilmington Trust Investment Advisors, Inc. (2010-2012).

MAUREEN A. GEMMA
1960

 

Vice President, Secretary and Chief Legal Officer

 

Since 2016

 

Vice President of CRM and officer of 37 registered investment companies advised by CRM.  Also Vice President of Eaton Vance Management (“EVM”) and certain of its affiliates and officer of 175 registered investment companies advised or administered by EVM.

JAMES F. KIRCHNER
1967

 

Treasurer

 

Since 2016

 

Vice President of CRM and officer of 37 registered investment companies advised by CRM.  Also Vice President of EVM and certain of its affiliates and officer of 175 registered investment companies advised or administered by EVM.

* Mr. Streur is an interested person of the Fund because of his positions with the Fund’s Adviser and certain affiliates.

The address of the Trustees and Ms. Brown is 4550 Montgomery Avenue, Suite 1000N, Bethesda, Maryland 20814. The address of Ms. Gemma and Mr. Kirchner is Two International Place, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. As of the date of this SAI, the Fund had no shares outstanding.



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SAI dated __, 2017


Trustees’ Ownership of Fund Shares

The following table shows the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each Trustee in the Calvert family of funds overseen by the Trustee as of December 31, 2016.  None of the Trustees owned shares of the Fund as of December 31, 2016 since the Fund had not commenced operations:

Name of Trustee

Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in All Registered
Investment Companies Overseen by
Trustee in the Calvert Family of Funds

Independent Trustees

 

Richard L. Baird, Jr.

Over $100,000

Alice Gresham Bullock(!)

None

Cari M. Dominguez(1)

$10,001 - $50,000

John G. Guffey, Jr.

Over $100,000

Miles D. Harper, III(1)

Over $100,000

Joy V. Jones(1)

Over $100,000

Anthony A. Williams

None

Interested Trustee

 

John H. Streur

Over $100,000

(1) Mmes. Bullock, Dominguez, Jones and Mr. Harper began serving as Trustees of the Trust effective December 23, 2016.

Trustee Compensation Table

The following table shows (i) an estimate of the aggregate compensation, including pension and retirement benefits, paid to each Trustee by the Trust for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2018; and (ii) the total compensation received by each Trustee from the Calvert fund complex for calendar year 2016. (A Board member who is a member of the Adviser’s organization receives no compensation from the Trust.)

Source of Compensation

Richard L.
Baird, Jr.

Alice Gresham
Bullock

Cari M.
Dominguez

John G.
Guffey, Jr.

Miles D.
Harper, III

Joy V.
Jones

Anthony A.
Williams

Trust(2)

$202

$225(3)

$202

$202

$210

$210(4)

$202(5)

Trust and Fund Complex(1)

$157,051

$95,000(6)

$85,000

$138,529

$77,968

$78,471(7)

$85,000(8)

(1)

As of __, 2017, the Calvert fund complex consists of 37 registered investment companies.  Mmes. Bullock and Dominguez and Mr. Williams began serving as Trustees of the Trust effective December 23, 2016, and thus the compensation figures listed for the Trust and Trust and Fund Complex are estimated based on amounts each would have received if they had been Trustees for the calendar year ended December 31, 2016.

(2)

The Trust consisted of 2 Funds as of __, 2017.

(3)

Includes $23 of deferred compensation.

(4)

Includes $136 of deferred compensation.

(5)

Includes $20 of deferred compensation.

(6)

Includes $9,500 of deferred compensation.

(7)

Includes $57,525 of deferred compensation.

(8)

Includes $8,500 of deferred compensation.

Board Structure

The Board has appointed a noninterested Trustee to serve in the role of Chairperson. The Chairperson’s primary role is to participate in the preparation of the agenda for meetings of the Board and the identification of information to be presented to the Board with respect to matters to be acted upon by the Board. The Chairperson also presides at all meetings of the Board and acts as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys, and other Board members generally between meetings. The Chairperson may perform such other functions as may be requested by the Board from time to time. Ms. Gresham Bullock serves as Chair of the Board as an “independent” Board member.



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The Fund’s Board of Trustees believes that each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees lead to the conclusion that the Trustees possess the requisite experience, qualifications, attributes and skills to serve on the Board.  The Fund’s Board of Trustees believes that the Trustees’ ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them; to interact effectively with the Adviser, other service providers, legal counsel and independent public accountants; and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties as Trustees, support this conclusion.  The Fund’s Board of Trustees has also considered the contributions that each Trustee can make to the Board and the Fund.  In addition, the following specific experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills apply as to each Trustee:  Mr. Baird, experience as a chief executive officer of a non-profit corporation; Ms. Gresham Bullock, academic leadership experience, legal experience and experience as a board member of various organizations; Ms. Dominguez, experience as Chair of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and experience as a board member of various organizations; Mr. Guffey, experience as a director and officer of private companies and experience as a board member of various organizations; Mr. Harper, experience as a partner of a public accounting firm and experience as a board member of a mutual fund complex; Ms. Jones, legal experience and experience as a director of a private foundation; Mr. Williams, experience as the mayor of the District of Columbia and as a board member of various organizations; and Mr. Streur, leadership roles within the Adviser and experience building and managing investment management firms. References to the experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills of the Trustees are pursuant to requirements of the SEC, do not constitute holding out of a Board or any Trustee as having special expertise or experience, and shall not impose any greater responsibility or liability on any such Trustee or on the Board by reason thereof.

The Fund’s Audit Committee approves and recommends to the Board the approval of independent public accountants to conduct the annual audit of the Fund’s financial statements; reviews with the independent public accountants the outline, scope, and results of the Fund’s annual audit; and reviews the performance of, and fees charged by, the independent public accountants for professional services.  In addition, the Audit Committee meets with the Fund’s independent public accountants and representatives of Fund management, as applicable, to review accounting activities and areas of financial reporting and control. The following individuals are members of the Board’s Audit Committee: Messrs. Baird, Guffey, Harper, and Williams, and Mses. Gresham Bullock, Dominguez, and Jones.  Mr. Harper has been designated as the Audit Committee Financial Expert. In connection with the consolidation of the Trust’s Board of Trustees with the boards of trustees of other Calvert Funds  on December 28, 2016, the Trust’s Audit Committee was restructured, including, the addition of new members and a new audit committee financial expert (“New Audit Committee”).  The New Audit Committee did not meet during the last fiscal year.

The Governance Committee of the Fund addresses matters of fund governance, including policies on Trustee compensation and on Board and committee structure and responsibilities. The functions of the Governance Committee of the Board also include those of a Nominating Committee -- e.g., the initiation and consideration of nominations for the appointment or election of independent Trustees of the Board, as applicable.  When identifying and evaluating prospective nominees for vacancies on the Board, the Committee reviews all recommendations in the same manner, including those received from shareholders.  The Committee determines if the prospective nominee meets the specific qualifications set forth in the Committee’s charter, and any other qualifications deemed to be important by the Committee.

The Board believes that diversity is an important attribute of a well-functioning board. The Governance Committee is responsible for advising the Board upon request on matters of diversity, including race, gender, culture, thought, and geography; and for recommending, as necessary, measures contributing to a Board that, as a whole, reflects a range of viewpoints, backgrounds, skills, experience, and expertise.  In the process of searching for qualified persons to serve on the Board, the Committee strives for the inclusion of diverse groups, knowledge, and viewpoints. To accomplish this, the Committee may retain an executive search firm to help meet the Committee’s diversity objective as well as form alliances with organizations representing the interests of women and minorities. In connection with its efforts to create and maintain a diverse Board, the Committee may: (i) develop recruitment protocols that seek to include diverse candidates in any director/trustee search. These protocols should take into account that qualified, but often overlooked, candidates may be found in a broad array of organizations, including academic institutions, privately held businesses, nonprofit organizations, and trade associations, in addition to the traditionally recognized candidate pool of public company directors and officers; (ii) strive to use the current network of organizations and trade groups that may help identify diverse candidates; and (iii) periodically review director/trustee recruitment and selection protocols so that diversity remains a component of any director/trustee search.  The Committee shall, as it deems appropriate, periodically review Board composition to ensure that the Board reflects a balance of knowledge, experience, skills, expertise, and diversity, including racial and gender diversity, required for the Board to fulfill its duties.  The following individuals serve as members of the Board’s Governance Committee: Messrs. Baird, Guffey, Harper, and Williams, and Mses. Gresham Bullock, Dominguez, and Jones.  In connection with the consolidation of the Trust’s Board of Trustees with the boards of trustees of other Calvert Funds  on December 28, 2016, the Trust’s Governance Committee was restructured, including, the addition of new members (“New Governance Committee”).  The New Governance Committee did not meet during the last fiscal year.



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Board Oversight of Risk

An integral part of the Board’s overall responsibility for overseeing the management and operations of the Fund is the Board’s oversight of the risk management of the Fund’s investment programs and business affairs.  The Fund is subject to a number of risks, such as investment risk, credit and counterparty risk, valuation risk, risk of operational failure or lack of business continuity, and legal, compliance and regulatory risk.  The Fund, the Adviser, and other service providers to the Fund have implemented various processes, procedures and controls intended to to identify and address risks to the Fund.  Different processes, procedures and controls are employed with respect to different types of risks.

The Board of Trustees exercises oversight of the risk management process primarily through the Audit Committee, and through oversight by the Board itself.  In addition to adopting, and periodically reviewing, policies and procedures designed to address risks to the Fund, the Board of Trustees requires management of the Adviser and the Fund, including the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”), to report to the Board and the Committees of the Board on a variety of matters, including matters relating to risk management, at regular and special meetings. The Board and the Audit Committee receive regular reports from the Fund’s independent public accountants on internal control and financial reporting matters.  On at least a quarterly basis, the Independent Trustees meet with the Fund’s CCO, including outside the presence of management, to discuss issues related to compliance.  Furthermore, the Board receives a quarterly report from the Fund’s CCO regarding the operation of the compliance policies and procedures of the Fund and its primary service providers.  The Board also receives regular reports from the Adviser on the investments and securities trading of the Fund, including their investment performance and asset weightings compared to appropriate benchmarks, as well as reports regarding the valuation of the Fund’s securities.  The Board also receives reports from the Fund’s primary service providers regarding their operations as they relate to the Fund.

Fund Organization

Calvert Management Series (formerly Calvert Tax-Free Reserves) is a series investment company. Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares is a diversified series of CMS, which was organized as a Massachusetts business trust on October 20, 1980.  CMS has two other series, Calvert Unconstrained Bond Fund and Calvert Tax-Free Responsible Impact Bond Fund, which are covered in separate SAIs.  The CMS Declaration of Trust contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Trust. The shareholders of a Massachusetts business trust might, however, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable as partners for its obligations. The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification and reimbursement of expenses out of Trust assets for any shareholder held personally liable for obligations of the Trust. The Declaration of Trust provides that the Trust shall, upon request, assume the defense of any claim made against any shareholder for any act or obligation of the Trust and satisfy any judgment thereon. The Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trust may maintain appropriate insurance (for example, fidelity bonding and errors and omissions insurance) for the protection of the Trust, its Trustees, officers, employees, and agents to cover possible tort and other liabilities. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which both inadequate insurance exists and the Trust itself is unable to meet its obligations.

Each share of each series represents an equal proportionate interest in that series with each other share and is entitled to such dividends and distributions out of the income belonging to such series as declared by the Board of Trustees. Upon the liquidation of the Fund, shareholders are entitled to share pro rata in the net assets belonging to the series available for distribution.

CMS is not required to hold annual shareholder meetings, but special meetings may be called for certain purposes such as electing Trustees, changing fundamental policies, or approving a management contract. As a shareholder, you receive one vote for each share you own.

The Fund enters into contractual arrangements with various parties, including, among others, the Adviser, who provide services to the Fund.  Shareholders of the Fund are not parties to, or third-party beneficiaries of, any of those contractual arrangements, and those contractual arrangements cannot be enforced by shareholders of the Fund.

Neither this SAI, the Prospectus nor any document filed as an exhibit to the Fund’s registration statement is intended to give rise to any agreement or contract between a Fund and any shareholder, or give rise to any contract rights or other rights in any shareholder, other than any rights conferred explicitly by federal or state securities laws that may not be waived.



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SAI dated __, 2017


INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES

The Fund’s Investment Adviser is Calvert Research and Management (“CRM” or the “Adviser”), a subsidiary of Eaton Vance Management (“Eaton Vance”) which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Eaton Vance Corp. (“EVC”), a Maryland corporation and publicly-held holding company.  The investment adviser manages the investments and affairs of the Fund and provides related office facilities and personnel subject to the supervision of the Trust’s Board of Trustees.  The investment adviser furnishes investment research, advice and supervision, furnishes an investment program and determines what securities will be purchased, held or sold by the Fund and what portion, if any, of the Fund’s assets will be held uninvested.  The Investment Advisory and Administrative Agreement requires that the investment adviser pay the salaries and fees of all officers and Trustees of the Trust who are members of the investment adviser’s organization and all personnel of the investment adviser performing services relating to research and investment activities.

The Investment Advisory and Administrative Agreement with the investment adviser continues in effect from year to year so long as such continuance is approved at least annually (i) by the vote of a majority of the noninterested Trustees of the Trust cast in person at a meeting specifically called for the purpose of voting on such approval and (ii) by the Board of Trustees of the Trust or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.  The Agreement may be terminated at any time without penalty on sixty (60) days’ written notice by the Board of either party, or by vote of the majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, and the Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment. The Agreement provides that the investment adviser may render services to others.  The Agreement also provides that the investment adviser shall not be liable for any loss incurred in connection with the performance of its duties, or action taken or omitted under the Agreement, in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties thereunder, or for any losses sustained in the acquisition, holding or disposition of any security or other investment.  The Agreement is not intended to, and does not, confer upon any person not a party to it any right, benefit or remedy of any nature.

PORTFOLIO MANAGER DISCLOSURE

Additional information about the Fund’s Portfolio Managers, identified in the Prospectus, is provided below.

A.  Other Accounts Managed by Portfolio Managers of the Fund

The following Portfolio Managers of the Fund are primarily responsible for day-to-day management of the portfolios of the other accounts indicated below.  This information is as of __, 2017 and includes accounts managed by any group which includes the identified Portfolio Manager and assets are shown in millions of dollars. 

Vishal Khanduja, CFA

Accounts Managed

Registered Investment Companies

Other Pooled Investment Vehicles

Other Accounts

Number of All Accounts

 

 

 

Total Assets in All Accounts Managed

 

 

 

Number of Accounts Paying a Performance Fee

 

 

 

Total Assets of Accounts Paying Performance Fee

 

 

 

Brian S. Ellis, CFA

Accounts Managed

Registered Investment Companies

Other Pooled Investment Vehicles

Other Accounts

Number of All Accounts

 

 

 

Total Assets in All Accounts Managed

 

 

 

Number of Accounts Paying a Performance Fee

 

 

 

Total Assets of Accounts Paying Performance Fee

 

 

 




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SAI dated __, 2017


B.  Potential Conflicts of Interest in Managing the Fund and Other Accounts

The following describes material conflicts of interest, which may potentially arise in connection with the management of the Fund investments by the Portfolio Manager and that individual’s simultaneous management of the investments of any other accounts listed in this SAI.  See “Other Accounts Managed by Portfolio Manager of the Fund” above.

When a Portfolio Manager has responsibility for managing more than one account, potential conflicts of interest may arise.  Those potential conflicts could include preferential treatment of one account over others in terms of allocation of resources or of investment opportunities.  The Adviser has adopted trade allocation procedures, which are designed to ensure fair allocation of investment opportunities among all accounts. In addition, performance dispersion among accounts employing similar investment strategies but with different fee structures is periodically examined by the Adviser to ensure that any material divergence in expected performance is adequately explained by differences in the investment guidelines and timing of cash flows.

C.  Compensation of Portfolio Managers of the Fund

Set forth below are the structure of and method used to determine (1) the cash and non-cash compensation received by the Portfolio Manager from the Fund, the Adviser of the Fund, or any other sources with respect to management of the Fund, and (2) the cash and non-cash compensation received by the Portfolio Manager from any other accounts listed in this SAI.  See “Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Manager of the Fund” above.

Compensation Structure for CRM.  Compensation of the Adviser’s portfolio managers and other investment professionals has three primary components:  (1) a base salary, (2) an annual cash bonus, and (3) annual stock-based compensation consisting of options to purchase shares of EVC’s nonvoting common stock and restricted shares of EVC’s nonvoting common stock.  The Adviser’s investment professionals also receive certain retirement, insurance and other benefits that are broadly available to the Adviser’s employees.  Compensation of the Adviser’s investment professionals is reviewed primarily on an annual basis.  Cash bonuses, stock-based compensation awards, and adjustments in base salary are typically paid or put into effect at or shortly after the October 31st fiscal year end of EVC.

Method to Determine Compensation.  The Adviser compensates its portfolio managers based primarily on the scale and complexity of their portfolio responsibilities and the total return performance of managed funds and accounts versus the benchmark(s) stated in the prospectus, as well as an appropriate peer group (as described below).  In addition to rankings within peer groups of funds on the basis of absolute performance, consideration may also be given to relative risk-adjusted performance.  Risk-adjusted performance measures include, but are not limited to, the Sharpe ratio (Sharpe ratio uses standard deviation and excess return to determine reward per unit of risk).  Performance is normally based on periods ending on the September 30th preceding fiscal year end.  Fund performance is normally evaluated primarily versus peer groups of funds as determined by Lipper Inc. and/or Morningstar, Inc.  When a fund’s peer group as determined by Lipper or Morningstar is deemed by the Adviser’s management not to provide a fair comparison, performance may instead be evaluated primarily against a custom peer group or market index.  In evaluating the performance of a fund and its manager, primary emphasis is normally placed on three-year performance, with secondary consideration of performance over longer and shorter periods.  A portion of the compensation payable to equity portfolio managers and investment professionals will be determined based on the ability of one or more accounts managed by such manager to achieve a specified target average annual gross return over a three year period in excess of the account benchmark.  The cash bonus to be payable at the end of the three year term will be established at the inception of the term and will be adjusted positively or negatively to the extent that the average annual gross return varies from the specified target return.  For funds that are tax-managed or otherwise have an objective of after-tax returns, performance is measured net of taxes.  For other funds, performance is evaluated on a pre-tax basis.  For funds with an investment objective other than total return (such as current income), consideration will also be given to the fund’s success in achieving its objective.  For managers responsible for multiple funds and accounts, investment performance is evaluated on an aggregate basis, based on averages or weighted averages among managed funds and accounts.  Funds and accounts that have performance-based advisory fees are not accorded disproportionate weightings in measuring aggregate portfolio manager performance.

The compensation of portfolio managers with other job responsibilities (such as heading an investment group or providing analytical support to other portfolios) will include consideration of the scope of such responsibilities and the managers’ performance in meeting them.



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The Adviser seeks to compensate portfolio managers commensurate with their responsibilities and performance, and competitive with other firms within the investment management industry.  The Adviser participates in investment-industry compensation surveys and utilizes survey data as a factor in determining salary, bonus and stock-based compensation levels for portfolio managers and other investment professionals.  Salaries, bonuses and stock-based compensation are also influenced by the operating performance of the Adviser and its parent company.  The overall annual cash bonus pool is generally based on a substantially fixed percentage of pre-bonus adjusted operating income.  While the salaries of the Adviser’s portfolio managers are comparatively fixed, cash bonuses and stock-based compensation may fluctuate significantly from year to year, based on changes in manager performance and other factors as described herein.  For a high performing portfolio manager, cash bonuses and stock-based compensation may represent a substantial portion of total compensation.

D.  Securities Ownership of Portfolio Managers of the Fund

The portfolio managers did not beneficially own any equity securities of the Fund since the Fund had not commenced operations prior to the date of this SAI.  The portfolio managers also did not beneficially own any shares of any of the Calvert funds as of __, 2017.

Commodity Futures Trading Commission Registration.  Effective December 31, 2012, the CFTC adopted certain regulatory changes that subject registered investment companies and advisers to regulation by the CFTC if a fund invests more than a prescribed level of its assets in certain CFTC-regulated instruments (including futures, certain options and swaps agreements) or markets itself as providing investment exposure to such instruments.  The Fund has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act. Accordingly, neither the Fund nor the investment adviser with respect to the operation of the Fund are subject to CFTC regulation. The CFTC has neither reviewed nor approved the investment strategies or this SAI.

ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES

As indicated in the Prospectus, CRM serves as administrator of the Fund.  The Fund is authorized to pay CRM an annual fee for providing administrative services to the Fund as described in the Prospectus.  Under the Agreement, CRM has been engaged to administer the Fund’s affairs, subject to the supervision of the Board, and shall furnish office space and all necessary office facilities, equipment and personnel for administering the affairs of the Fund.

OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS

Distributor.  Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the “Distributor”) is the Fund’s distributor.  The Distributor distributes Creation Units of the Fund, but does not maintain a secondary market in shares of the Fund.  The Distributor’s principal address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME  04101.

The Distributor has entered into an agreement with Eaton Vance Distributors, Inc. (“EVD”) to provide marketing and sales support to the Fund. EVD is not compensated by the Distributor for such services.

Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the Trust has agreed to indemnify the Distributor for certain liabilities, including certain liabilities arising under the federal securities laws, unless such loss or liability results from the Distributor’s willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations under the Distribution Agreement.

Custodian.  State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”), State Street Financial Center, One Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111, serves as custodian to the Fund.  State Street has custody of all cash and securities of the Fund, maintains the general ledger of the Fund and computes the daily net asset value of shares of the Fund.  In such capacity it attends to details in connection with the sale, exchange, substitution, transfer or other dealings with the Fund’s investments, receives and disburses all funds and performs various other ministerial duties upon receipt of proper instructions from the Trust.  State Street also provides services in connection with the preparation of shareholder reports and the electronic filing of such reports with the SEC.  EVC and its affiliates and their officers and employees from time to time have transactions with various banks, including State Street.  It is the investment adviser’s opinion that the terms and conditions of such transactions were not and will not be influenced by existing or potential custodial or other relationships between the Fund and such banks.

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.  __, independent registered public accounting firm, audits the Fund's financial statements and provides other audit, tax and related services.

Transfer and Dividend Disbursing Agent.   State Street serves as the transfer and dividend disbursing agent for the Trust (“Transfer Agent”). As transfer and dividend disbursing agent, State Street is responsible for among other matters, receiving and processing orders for the purchase and redemptions of Creation Units. The principal business address for State Street is set forth above.



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CALCULATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

The net asset value (NAV) of the Fund is determined by State Street (as agent and custodian) by subtracting the liabilities of the Fund from the value of its total assets.  The Fund is closed for business and will not issue a net asset value on the following business holidays and any other business day that the Exchange is closed: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. The Fund’s net asset value per share is readily accessible on the Calvert funds website (www.calvert.com).


The Board has approved procedures pursuant to which investments are valued for purposes of determining the Fund’s net asset value.  Listed below is a summary of the methods generally used to value investments (some or all of which may be held by the Fund) under the procedures.

·

Equity securities (including common stock, exchange-traded funds, closed end funds, preferred equity securities, exchange-traded notes and other instruments that trade on recognized stock exchanges) are valued at the last sale, official close or if there are no reported sales at the mean between the bid and asked price on the primary exchange on which they are traded.  

·

Most debt obligations are valued on the basis of market valuations furnished by a pricing service or at the mean of the bid and asked prices provided by recognized broker/dealers of such securities.  The pricing service may use a pricing matrix to determine valuation.  

·

Short-term instruments with remaining maturities of less than 397 days are valued on the basis of market valuations furnished by a pricing service or based on dealer quotations.  

·

Foreign securities and currencies are valued in U.S. dollars based on foreign currency exchange quotations supplied by a pricing service.

·

Senior and Junior Loans are valued on the basis of prices furnished by a pricing service.  The pricing service uses transactions and market quotations from brokers in determining values.

·

Futures contracts are valued at the settlement or closing price on the primary exchange or board of trade on which they are traded.

·

Exchange-traded options are valued at the mean of the bid and asked prices.  Over-the-counter options are valued based on quotations obtained from a pricing service or from a broker (typically the counterparty to the option).

·

Non-exchange traded derivatives (including swap agreements, forward contracts and equity participation notes) are generally valued on the basis of valuations provided by a pricing service or using quotes provided by a broker/dealer (typically the counterparty).

·

Precious metals are valued are valued at the New York Composite mean quotation.

·

Liabilities with a payment or maturity date of 364 days or less are stated at their principal value and longer dated liabilities generally will be carried at their fair value.

·

Valuations of foreign equity securities and total return swaps and exchange-traded futures contracts on non-North American equity indices may be adjusted from prices in effect at the close of trading on foreign exchanges to more accurately reflect their fair value as of the close of regular trading on the Exchange. Such fair valuations may be based on information provided by a pricing service.

Investments which are unable to be valued in accordance with the foregoing methodologies are valued at fair value using methods determined in good faith by or at the direction of the members of the Board.  Such methods may include consideration of relevant factors, including but not limited to (i) the type of security, the existence of any contractual restrictions on the security’s disposition, (ii) the price and extent of public trading in similar securities of the issuer or of comparable companies or entities, (iii) quotations or relevant information obtained from broker-dealers or other market participants, (iv) information obtained from the issuer, analysts, and/or the appropriate stock exchange (for exchange-traded securities), (v) an analysis of the company’s or entity’s financial condition, (vi) an evaluation of the forces that influence the issuer and the market(s) in which the security is purchased and sold (vii) an analysis of the terms of any transaction involving the issuer of such securities; and (viii) any other factors deemed relevant by the investment adviser, or sub-adviser, if applicable.



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Intraday Indicative Values.  The Trust will arrange for the continuous calculation by an independent third party and publication throughout the regular trading session of the Listing Exchange (generally 9:30 am to 4:00 pm eastern time) each Business Day of the intraday indicative value (“IIV”) of the Fund’s shares. IIVs are calculated based on the current market trading prices of the Fund’s underlying holdings and disseminated at periodic intervals of not more than 15 minutes.  The purpose of IIVs is to help investors to estimate that day’s closing NAV so they can determine the number of shares to buy or sell if they want to trade an approximate dollar amount.  Because IIVs will generally differ from the end-of-day NAV of the Fund, they cannot be used to calculate with precision the dollar value of a prescribed number of shares to be bought or sold.  Investors should understand that Fund transaction prices are based on closing NAVs, and that NAVs may vary significantly from IIVs during periods of market volatility.

BUYING AND SELLING SHARES

Purchase and Redemption of Creation Units.  The Trust issues and redeems Fund shares only in specified large aggregations of shares called “Creation Units.”  A discussion of the purchase and redemption of Creation Units is contained in the Prospectus under “Fund Summary – Purchases and Sales of Fund Shares” and “Buying and Selling Shares.”  The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, such sections of the Prospectus.

Authorized Participants.  All orders to purchase or redeem Creation Units must be placed with the Fund by or through an “Authorized Participant,” which is either: (a) a “participating party” (i.e., a Broker or other participant in the Continuous Net Settlement (“CNS”) System of the NSCC) or (b) a participant in the DTC system (“DTC Participant”), which in any case has executed an agreement with the Distributor (“Participant Agreement”).  An investor does not have to be an Authorized Participant to transact in Creation Units, but must place an order through and make appropriate arrangements with an Authorized Participant.

Timing.  Fund shares are not authorized for sale outside of the United States, its territories and possessions without the prior written consent of the Fund.  Creation Units are issued and redeemed each Business Day at the NAV per share next determined after an order in proper form is received by the Fund or its agent. Validly submitted orders to purchase or redeem Creation Units on each Business Day will be accepted until the NYSE market close (the “Order Cut-Off Time”), generally 4:00 p.m. eastern time, on the Business Day that the order is placed (the “Transmittal Date”).  All orders must be received no later than the Order Cut-Off Time in order to receive the NAV determined on the Transmittal Date.  Creation Units may be issued and redeemed through the delivery of cash, securities or other instruments specified by the Fund, or a combination thereof.

The Fund may require that Custom Orders (as defined below) be received no later than one hour prior to the Order Cut-Off Time. When the Listing Exchange or bond markets close earlier than normal, the Fund may require orders for Creation Units to be placed earlier in the Business Day. Orders to purchase Fund shares invested in fixed-income instruments may not be accepted on any day when the bond markets are closed.

Investors must accumulate enough Fund shares in the secondary market to constitute a Creation Unit in order to have such shares redeemed by the Fund. There can be no assurance that there will be sufficient liquidity in the public trading market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of Fund shares to constitute a redeemable Creation Unit. All requests for redemption must be preceded or accompanied by the requisite number of Fund shares, which delivery will generally be made through the DTC Process.

As noted under “Taxes,” the Fund has the right to reject an order for Creation Units if the creator (or group of creators) would, upon obtaining the shares so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund and if, pursuant to Section 351 of the Code, the Fund would have a basis in the deposit securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. A Fund also has the right to require information necessary to determine beneficial Share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination.

Payment.  To keep trading costs low and to enable the Fund to be as fully invested as possible, the Fund generally expects to issue and redeem Creation Units in kind through the delivery of securities and/or other portfolio instruments, rather than cash, to the extent practicable.   Creations and redemptions may be effected partially or entirely in cash when in-kind delivery is not practicable or deemed not in the best interests of shareholders.

Subject to certain exceptions described below, the Basket instruments paid or received by the Fund will be the same for all purchasers and redeemers of Creation Units on a given Business Day. Basket instruments may include cash, securities and/or other transferable investment assets. Each security included in the Basket will be a current holding of the Fund. To the extent there is a difference between the NAV of a Creation Unit and the aggregate market value of the Basket instruments exchanged for the Creation Unit, the party conveying the lower value will pay to the other an amount in cash equal to that difference (the “Balancing Amount”).



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To preserve the confidentiality of the Fund’s trading activities, the investment adviser anticipates that the Basket will normally not be a pro rata slice of the Fund’s portfolio positions.  Rather, instruments being acquired will generally be excluded from the Basket until their purchase is completed and instruments being sold may not be removed from the Basket until the sale program is substantially completed. Further, when deemed by the investment adviser to be in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders, other portfolio positions may be excluded from the Basket. Whenever portfolio positions are excluded from the Basket, the Basket may include proportionately more cash than is in the portfolio, with such additional cash substituting for the excluded portfolio positions.

The Fund may permit an Authorized Participant to deposit or receive, as applicable, cash in lieu of some or all of the Basket instruments, solely because: (a) such instruments are, in the case of the purchase of a Creation Unit, not available in sufficient quantity; (b) such instruments are not eligible for trading by the Authorized Participant or the investor on whose behalf the Authorized Participant is acting; or (c) a holder of Fund shares investing in foreign instruments would be subject to unfavorable income tax treatment if the holder received redemption proceeds in kind. No other Basket substitutions will be permitted.  A “Custom Order” is any purchase or redemption of Shares made in whole or in part on a cash basis as described in clause (a) or (b) of this paragraph.  In addition, the Fund may require purchases and redemptions on a given Business Day to be made entirely on a cash basis.  In such an instance, the Fund will announce, before the open of trading on such day, that all purchases, all redemptions or all purchases and redemptions on that day will be made entirely in cash. The Fund may also determine, upon receiving a purchase or redemption order from an Authorized Participant, to require the purchase or redemption, as applicable, to be made entirely in cash.

Each Business Day, before the open of trading on the Listing Exchange, the investment adviser will cause the Basket, including the names and quantities of the securities, cash and other instruments in the Basket and the estimated Balancing Amount for that day to be disseminated through the NSCC, a clearing agency registered with the SEC and affiliated with DTC.  The Basket will also be posted to the Fund’s website.  The published Basket will apply until a new Basket is announced, and there will be no intraday changes to the Basket except to correct errors in the published Basket. The investment adviser will also make available on a daily basis information about the previous day’s Balancing Amount.

Clearance and Settlement.  Orders for purchases and redemptions of Creation Units will be processed either through an enhanced clearing process or through a manual clearing process. The NSCC/CNS system for effecting in-kind purchases and redemptions of ETFs (the “NSCC Process”) simplifies the transfer of a basket of securities between two parties by treating all of the securities that constitute the basket as a single unit.

There are limitations on investors’ ability to use the NSCC Process. First, it is available only to those DTC Participants that also are participants in the CNS System of the NSCC. Other DTC Participants must use a manual clearing process (the “DTC Process”), involving a line-by-line movement of each transferred position, which is available to all DTC Participants. Because the DTC Process involves the movement of individual positions, while the NSCC Process can act on instructions regarding the movement of one unitary basket that automatically processes the movement of multiple securities, DTC may charge the Fund more than NSCC to settle purchases and/or redemptions of Creation Units.  Further, the NSCC Process is generally only available for transactions involving domestic equity securities and certain domestic income securities. Thus, it may only be used in connection with in-kind transactions for Fund Creation Units that include only eligible securities in their Basket.

Orders for purchases and redemptions of Creation Units that include foreign instruments in their Basket will not go through either the NSCC Process or the DTC Process. Rather, such transactions will go through the Fund’s custodian and its sub-custodian network. Once such a creation order has been placed with the Fund or its agent, the Transfer Agent will inform the investment adviser and the Fund’s custodian. The custodian will then inform the appropriate sub-custodians. In connection with a creation, the Authorized Participant will deliver to the appropriate sub-custodians, on behalf of itself or the beneficial owner on whose behalf it is acting, the Basket instruments as determined according to the procedures described above. The sub-custodians will confirm to the custodian that the purchase consideration has been delivered, and the custodian will notify the investment adviser and Distributor of the delivery. After shares have been instructed to be delivered, the Distributor will furnish the purchaser with a confirmation and a Prospectus (if necessary). For a redemption, the same process proceeds in reverse.

In-kind transactions in Creation Units involving fixed-income instruments that do not use the DTC Process will generally clear and settle as follows:  Basket securities that are U.S. government or U.S. agency securities and any cash will settle via free delivery through the Federal Reserve System; Basket securities that are non-U.S. fixed-income securities will settle in accordance with the normal rules for settlement of such securities in the applicable non-U.S. market.  Fund shares will settle through DTC. The custodian will monitor the movement of the underlying Basket instruments and will instruct the movement of shares only upon validation that such instruments have settled correctly. The settlement of Fund shares will be aligned with the settlement of the underlying Basket and, except as discussed below with respect to Basket instruments traded in foreign markets, will generally occur no later than the third Business Day following the day on which an order is deemed received by the Distributor.



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Orders for purchases and redemptions of Creation Units that include foreign instruments in their Basket may be on a basis other than the third Business Day following receipt in good order in order to accommodate local holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among foreign and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and ex-dividend dates or under certain other circumstances. The ability of the Trust to effect in-kind purchases and redemptions within three Business Days of receipt of an order in good form is subject, among other things, to the condition that, within the time period from the date of the order to the date of delivery of the securities, there are no days that are holidays in the applicable foreign market. For every occurrence of one or more intervening holidays in the applicable foreign market that are not holidays observed in the U.S. equity market, the redemption settlement cycle will be extended by the number of such intervening holidays. In addition to holidays, other unforeseeable closings in a foreign market due to emergencies may also prevent the Trust from delivering securities within normal settlement periods. The securities delivery cycles currently practicable for transferring portfolio securities to redeeming shareholders, coupled with foreign market holiday schedules, will require a delivery process longer than seven calendar days for the funds, in certain circumstances. The holidays applicable to the Fund(s) that include foreign instruments in their basket during such periods are listed on Appendix A, as are instances where more than seven days will be needed to deliver redemption proceeds. Although certain holidays may occur on different dates in subsequent years, the number of days required to deliver redemption proceeds in any given year is not expected to exceed the maximum number of days listed on Appendix A. The proclamation of new holidays, the treatment by market participants of certain days as “informal holidays” (e.g., days on which no or limited securities transactions occur, as a result of substantially shortened trading hours), the elimination of existing holidays or changes in local securities delivery practices could affect the information set forth herein at some time in the future. Because the portfolio securities of the Fund(s) may trade on days that the Fund’s Listing Exchange is closed or on days that are not Business Days for the Fund, shareholders may not be able to redeem their shares of the Fund, or to purchase and sell shares of the Fund on the Listing Exchange, on days when the NAV of the Fund could be significantly affected by events in the relevant non-U.S. markets.

Delivery.  The Transfer Agent will transmit all purchase orders received from Authorized Participants to the Fund.  After the Fund has accepted a purchase order and received delivery of the purchase consideration, NSCC or DTC, as applicable, will instruct the Fund to initiate delivery of the appropriate number of shares to the book-entry account specified by the Authorized Participant. Delivery of Creation Units by the Fund is expected to occur within the normal settlement cycle, currently no later than the third Business Day following the day on which an order is deemed to be received by the Transfer Agent. The Transfer Agent will issue or cause the issuance of confirmations of acceptance.  The Distributor will be responsible for delivering a Prospectus to Authorized Participants purchasing Creation Units. The Transfer Agent and Distributor will maintain records of both the orders placed with it and the confirmations of acceptance furnished by it.

Shares will not normally be issued to a purchasing Authorized Participant until after the transfer to the Fund of good title to the Basket instruments required to be delivered in connection with the purchase.  However, shares may be transferred in advance of receipt by the Fund of all or a portion of the applicable Basket instrument(s) as described further below. In these circumstances, the Authorized Participant will be required to transfer to the Fund the available Basket instruments plus, cash in an amount equal to at least 115% of the market value of any undelivered Basket instrument(s) (the “Additional Cash Deposit”).  Each Creation Unit order shall be deemed to be received on the Business Day on which the order is placed, provided that the order is placed in proper form prior to the Order Cut-Off Time on such date and cash in the appropriate amount is deposited with the Fund’s custodian by the time designated by the Fund’s custodian on settlement date.  If the order is not placed in proper form by the Order Cut-Off Time or federal funds in the appropriate amount are not received by the time designated by the Fund’s custodian on settlement date, then the order may be deemed to be rejected and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom.  

As noted above, an additional amount of cash shall be required to be deposited with the Fund pending delivery of the missing Basket instrument(s) in an amount equal to at least 115% of the daily marked to market value of the missing Basket instrument(s). In the event that additional cash is not paid, the Fund may use the cash on deposit to purchase the missing Basket instrument(s).  The Authorized Participant will be liable to the Fund for the costs incurred by the Fund in connection with any such purchases and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for any shortfall between the cost to the Fund of purchasing any missing Basket instrument(s) and the value of the collateral.  These costs will be deemed to include the amount by which the actual purchase price of the Basket instrument(s) exceeds the market value of such Basket instruments on the day the Creation Unit order was deemed received by the Distributor plus the brokerage and related transaction costs associated with such purchases.  The Fund will return any unused portion of the Additional Cash Deposit once all of the missing Basket instrument(s) have been properly received by the Custodian or purchased by the Fund and deposited into the Fund’s account with the Fund’s Custodian.



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In connection with taking delivery of shares of securities upon redemption of Creation Units, a redeeming shareholder or Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such shareholder must maintain appropriate custody arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any of the securities are customarily traded, to which account such securities will be delivered. Deliveries of redemption proceeds generally will be made within three Business Days of the trade date.

Redemptions of shares for Fund securities will be subject to compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and the Fund reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Trust could not lawfully deliver specific Fund securities upon redemptions or could not do so without first registering Fund securities under such laws. A redeeming investor that is subject to a legal restriction with respect to a particular security included in the Fund’s Basket instruments may be paid an equivalent amount of cash. The Authorized Participant through which such a redeeming investor transacts may request that the redeeming investor complete an order form or enter into agreements with respect to such matters as compensating cash payment. Further, a redeeming investor that is not a “qualified institutional buyer” (“QIB”), as such term is defined under Rule 144A under the 1933 Act, will not be able to receive Fund securities that are restricted securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A. A redeeming investor may be required by the Trust to provide a written confirmation with respect to QIB status in order to receive Fund securities.

The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to the Fund (i) for any period during which the NYSE is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) for any period during which trading on the NYSE is suspended or restricted; (iii) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of Fund shares or determination of the NAV of the shares is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) in such other circumstance as is permitted by the SEC.

Transaction Fees.  Orders for Creation Units are subject to transaction fees.  See “Buying and Selling Shares – Transaction Fees” in the Prospectus.

Order Rejection.  The Fund and/or the Transfer Agent may reject any order that is not in proper form. Further, the Fund may reject a purchase order transmitted to it, if for example:  (a) the purchaser or group of related purchasers, upon obtaining the Creation Units, would own 80% or more of outstanding Fund shares; (b) the acceptance of the Basket would have certain adverse tax consequences, such as causing the Fund to no longer meet the requirements of a regulated investment company under the Code; (c) the acceptance of the Basket would, in the opinion of the Trust, be unlawful, as in the case of a purchaser who is banned from trading in securities; (d) the acceptance of the Basket would otherwise, in the discretion of the Trust or the investment adviser, have an adverse effect on the Fund or its shareholders; or (e) there exist circumstances outside the control of the Fund that make it impossible to process purchases of Creation Units for all practical purposes. Examples of such circumstances include: acts of God or public service or utility problems such as fires, floods, extreme weather conditions and power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy and computer failures; market conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the Fund, the investment adviser, the transfer agent, the custodian, the Distributor, DTC, NSCC or any other participant in the purchase process; and similar extraordinary events.

Required Early Acceptance of Orders.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, Authorized Participants may be notified that the Order Cut-Off Time for an order may be earlier on a particular Business Day.

Exchange Listing and Trading.  A discussion of exchange listing and trading matters associated with an investment in the Fund is contained in the Prospectus under “Fund Summary – Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares” and “Buying and Selling Shares.” The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, such sections of the Prospectus.

The Fund’s shares are listed for trading on the Listing Exchange, and trade thereon at prices that are directly linked to the Fund’s next end-of-day NAV (“NAV-Based Trading”).  Shares may also be bought and sold on other national securities exchanges and alternative trading systems that have obtained appropriate licenses, adopted applicable rules and developed systems to support trading in Fund shares.  In NAV-Based Trading, all trades are executed at the next NAV, plus or minus a trading cost (i.e., a premium or discount to NAV) determined at the time of trade execution.  For each trade, the final transaction price is determined once NAV is computed.  Buyers will not know the value of their purchases and sales until the end of the trading day.  



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Although share prices will be quoted throughout the day relative to NAV, there is not a fixed relationship between trading prices and NAV. Instead, the premium or discount to NAV at which Share transactions are executed is locked in at the time of trade execution, and will depend on market factors, including the balance of supply and demand for shares among investors, transaction fees and other costs associated with creating and redeeming Creation Units of shares, competition among market makers, the Share inventory positions and inventory strategies of market makers, and the volume of share trading. Reflecting these and other market factors, prices for shares in the secondary market may be above, at or below NAV.  The Fund does not offer the opportunity to transact intraday at prices determined at time of trade execution.

There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Listing Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of Fund shares will continue to be met.

The Listing Exchange may, but is not required to, remove Fund shares from listing if: (i) following the initial twelve-month period after commencement of trading of the Fund, there are fewer than 50 beneficial holders of the shares for 30 or more consecutive trading days; (ii) the Fund’s IIV or NAV is no longer calculated or its IIV, NAV or Basket composition is no longer available to all market participants at the same time; (iii) the Fund has failed to submit any filings required by the SEC or if the Listing Exchange is aware that the Fund is not in compliance with the conditions of any exemptive order or no-action relief granted by the SEC with respect to the Fund; or (iv) such other event shall occur or condition exists that, in the opinion of the Listing Exchange, makes further dealings on the Listing Exchange inadvisable. In addition, the Listing Exchange will remove the Fund shares from listing and trading upon termination of the Trust or the Fund.

Book Entry Only System.  The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with “Buying and Selling Shares” in the Prospectus.

DTC acts as securities depositary for Fund shares. Fund shares are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC.  Certificates will not be issued for Fund shares.

DTC, a limited-purpose trust company, was created to hold securities of DTC Participants and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of DTC Participants and by the NYSE and FINRA. Access to the DTC system is also available to others, such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (the “Indirect Participants”).

Beneficial ownership of shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of shares.

Conveyance of all notices, statements and other communications to Beneficial Owners is affected as follows. Pursuant to the Depositary Agreement between the Trust and DTC, DTC is required to make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee to be charged to the Trust a listing of the Fund shares held by each DTC Participant. The Trust shall inquire of each such DTC Participant as to the number of Beneficial Owners holding shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.

Payment of Fund distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all Fund shares. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in Fund shares as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is the case for securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.



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The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspects of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such shares, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants. DTC may determine to discontinue providing its service with respect to shares at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Trust and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Trust shall take action either to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost or, if such a replacement is unavailable, to issue and deliver printed certificates representing ownership of shares, unless the Trust makes other arrangements with respect thereto satisfactory to the Listing Exchange.

PERFORMANCE

Performance Calculations.  Average annual total return before deduction of taxes (“pre-tax return”) is determined by multiplying a hypothetical initial purchase of $1,000 by the average annual compound rate of return (including capital appreciation/depreciation, and distributions paid and reinvested) for the stated period and annualizing the result. The calculation assumes (i) that all distributions are reinvested at NAV on the reinvestment dates during the period and (ii) a complete redemption of the investment at the end of the period.

Average annual total returns may be based on the Fund’s NAV or market price per share.  Market price returns are based on the Fund’s price at the close of the market and does not represent returns an investor would receive if shares were traded at other times.  Market returns do not reflect brokerage commissions that may be payable on secondary market transactions.  If brokerage commissions were reflected, returns would be lower.

Average annual total return after the deduction of taxes on distributions is calculated in the same manner as pre-tax return except the calculation assumes that any federal income taxes due on distributions are deducted from the distributions before they are reinvested. Average annual total return after the deduction of taxes on distributions and taxes on redemption also is calculated in the same manner as pre-tax return except the calculation assumes that (i) any federal income taxes due on distributions are deducted from the distributions before they are reinvested and (ii) any federal income taxes due upon redemption are deducted at the end of the period. After-tax returns are based on the highest federal income tax rates in effect for individual taxpayers as of the time of each assumed distribution and redemption (taking into account their tax character), and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. In calculating after-tax returns, the net value of any federal income tax credits available to shareholders is applied to reduce federal income taxes payable on distributions at or near year-end and, to the extent the net value of such credits exceeds such distributions, is then assumed to be reinvested in additional Fund shares at NAV on the last day of the fiscal year in which the credit was generated or, in the case of certain tax credits, on the date on which the year-end distribution is paid.  In addition to the foregoing total return figures, the Fund may provide pre-tax and after-tax cumulative total return, as well as the ending redeemable cash value of a hypothetical investment in the Fund.  After-tax returns may also be calculated using different tax rate assumptions and taking into account state and local income taxes as well as federal taxes.  Yield is computed pursuant to a standardized formula by dividing the net investment income per share earned during a recent thirty-day period by the NAV per share on the last day of the period and annualizing the resulting figure.

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings and Related Information.  The Board has adopted policies and procedures (the “Policies”) with respect to the disclosure of information about portfolio holdings of the Fund. See the Prospectus for information on disclosure made in filings with the SEC. Pursuant to the Policies, information about portfolio holdings of the Fund may also be disclosed as follows:

·

Confidential disclosure for a legitimate Fund purpose: Portfolio holdings may be disclosed, from time to time as necessary, for a legitimate business purpose of the Fund, believed to be in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders, provided there is a duty or an agreement that the information be kept confidential. Any such confidentiality agreement includes provisions intended to impose a duty not to trade on the non-public information. The Policies permit disclosure of portfolio holdings information to the following: 1) affiliated and unaffiliated service providers that have a legal or contractual duty to keep such information confidential, such as employees of the investment adviser, or an affiliate of the investment adviser (including portfolio managers and, the portfolio manager of any account that invests in the fund), the administrator, custodian, transfer agent, principal underwriter, etc. described herein and in the Prospectus; 2) other persons who owe a fiduciary or other duty of trust or confidence to the Fund (such as Fund legal counsel and independent registered public accounting firm); or 3) persons to whom the disclosure is made in advancement of a legitimate business purpose of the Fund and who have expressly agreed in writing to maintain the disclosed information in confidence and to use it only in connection with the legitimate business purpose underlying the arrangement. To the extent applicable to a Calvert fund, such persons may include securities lending agents which may receive information from time to time regarding selected holdings which may be loaned by a Fund, in the event a Fund is rated, credit rating agencies (Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. and Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group), analytical service providers engaged by the investment adviser (Advent, Barclays, Bloomberg L.P., Evare, Factset, McMunn Associates,



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Inc., MSCI/Barra, Morningstar, and The Yield Book, Inc.), proxy evaluation vendors (Institutional Shareholder Servicing Inc.), compliance service providers (Charles River Systems), pricing services (WM Company Reuters Information Services, FT Interactive Data Corp., JJ Kenny, and Bloomberg), which receive information as needed to price a particular holding, translation services, third-party reconciliation services, lenders under Fund credit facilities (State Street Bank), consultants and other product evaluators (Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC, HC Asset Management) and, for purposes of facilitating portfolio transactions, financial intermediaries and other intermediaries (national and regional municipal bond dealers and mortgage-backed securities dealers). These entities receive portfolio information on an as needed basis in order to perform the service for which they are being engaged. If required in order to perform their duties, this information will be provided in real time or as soon as practical thereafter. Additional categories of disclosure involving a legitimate business purpose may be added to this list upon the authorization of the Fund’s Board. In addition to the foregoing, disclosure of portfolio holdings may be made to the Fund’s investment adviser as a seed investor in a fund, in order for the adviser or its parent to satisfy certain reporting obligations and reduce its exposure to market risk factors associated with any such seed investment. Also, in connection with a redemption in kind, the redeeming shareholder may be required to agree to keep the information about the securities to be so distributed confidential, except to the extent necessary to dispose of the securities.

·

Historical portfolio holdings information: From time to time, the Fund may be requested to provide historic portfolio holdings information or certain characteristics of portfolio holdings that have not been made public previously. In such case, the requested information may be provided if: the information is requested for due diligence or another legitimate purpose; the requested portfolio holdings or portfolio characteristics are for a period that is no more recent than the date of the portfolio holdings or portfolio characteristics posted to the Calvert website; and the dissemination of the requested information is reviewed and approved in accordance with the Policies.

Neither the Fund, the investment adviser, any sub-adviser nor the principal underwriter will receive any monetary or other consideration in connection with the disclosure of information concerning the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

The Policies may not be waived, or exception made, without the consent of the Fund’s CCO. The CCO determines when to grant waivers or exceptions to the Policies. The CCO may not waive or make exception to the Policies unless such waiver or exception is consistent with the intent of the Policies, which is to ensure that disclosure of portfolio information is in the best interest of Fund shareholders. In determining whether to permit a waiver of or exception to the Policies, the CCO will consider whether the proposed disclosure serves a legitimate purpose of the Fund, whether it could provide the recipient with an advantage over Fund shareholders or whether the proposed disclosure gives rise to a conflict of interest between Fund shareholders and its investment adviser, any sub-adviser, principal underwriter or other affiliated person.

Pursuant to the Policies, the CCO will report all waivers of or exceptions to the Policies to the Board at their next meeting. The Board oversees the disclosure of the Fund’s security holdings through its review and consideration of the CCO’s report regarding waivers and exceptions to the Policies. The Board may impose additional restrictions on the disclosure of portfolio holdings information at any time.

The Policies are designed to provide useful information to existing and prospective Fund shareholders while at the same time inhibiting the improper use of portfolio holdings information in trading Fund shares and/or portfolio securities held by the Fund. However, there can be no assurance that the provision of any portfolio holdings information is not susceptible to inappropriate uses (such as the development of “market timing” models), particularly in the hands of highly sophisticated investors, or that it will not in fact be used in such ways beyond the control of the Fund.

DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES

[The Fund intends to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). If for any reason the Fund should fail to qualify, it would be taxed as a corporation rather than passing through its income and gains to shareholders.

Distributions of realized net capital gains, if any, are normally paid once a year; however, the Fund does not intend to make any such distributions unless available capital loss carryforwards, if any, have been used or have expired. 

The Fund’s dividends of net investment income constitute exempt-interest dividends on which shareholders are not generally subject to federal income tax. Dividends attributable to interest on certain private activity bonds must be included in federal alternative minimum taxable income (“AMT”) for the purpose of determining liability (if any) for individuals and for corporations. The Fund’s dividends derived from taxable interest and distributions of capital gains, whether taken in cash or reinvested in additional shares, are taxable to shareholders.  It is possible that the Internal Revenue Service could rule that a municipal securities offering previously acquired by the Fund fails to qualify for tax-exempt treatment. In this event, the Fund may distribute a higher amount of taxable income in that year than it had intended to pay out.



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A shareholder may also be subject to state and local taxes on dividends and distributions from the Fund. Shareholders will be notified of the income earned from the obligations of each state and territory as a percentage of the total interest income earned. The Fund will also notify shareholders annually about the federal tax status of dividends and distributions paid by the Fund and the amount of dividends withheld, if any, during the previous year.

The Code provides that interest on indebtedness incurred or continued in order to purchase or carry shares of a regulated investment company which distributes exempt-interest dividends during the year is not deductible. Furthermore, entities or persons who are “substantial users” (or persons related to “substantial users”) of facilities financed by private activity bonds should consult their tax advisers before purchasing shares of the Fund. “Substantial user” is generally defined as including a “non-exempt person” who regularly uses in trade or business a part of a facility financed from the proceeds of private activity bonds.

The Fund is required to withhold 28% of any reportable dividends and long-term capital gain distributions paid and 28% of each reportable redemption transaction occurring in the Fund if: (a) the shareholder’s social security number or other taxpayer identification number (“TIN”) is not provided, or an obviously incorrect TIN is provided; (b) the shareholder does not certify under penalties of perjury that the TIN provided is the shareholder’s correct TIN and that the shareholder is not subject to backup withholding under section 3406(a)(1)(C) of the Code because of underreporting (however, failure to provide certification as to the application of section 3406(a)(1)(C) will result only in backup withholding on dividends, not on redemptions); or (c) the Fund is notified by the Internal Revenue Service that the TIN provided by the shareholder is incorrect or that there has been underreporting of interest or dividends by the shareholder. Affected shareholders will receive statements at least annually specifying the amount withheld.

Certain shareholders are, however, exempt from the backup withholding and broker reporting requirements. Exempt shareholders include: corporations; financial institutions; tax-exempt organizations; individual retirement plans; the U.S., a State, the District of Columbia, a U.S. possession, a foreign government, an international organization, or any political subdivision, agency or instrumentality of any of the foregoing; U.S.-registered commodities or securities dealers; real estate investment trusts; registered investment companies; bank common trust funds; certain charitable trusts; and foreign central banks of issue. Non-resident aliens, certain foreign partnerships and foreign corporations are generally not subject to either requirement but may instead be subject to withholding under sections 1441 or 1442 of the Code. Shareholders claiming exemption from backup withholding and broker reporting should call or write the Fund for further information.

In addition, the Fund is required to report to the Internal Revenue Service the following information with respect to each redemption transaction: (a) the shareholder’s name, address, account number, and taxpayer identification number; (b) the total dollar value of the redemptions; (c) the Fund identifying CUSIP number; and (d) cost basis information for shares acquired on or after January 1, 2012.

Taxes on Purchases and Redemptions of Creation Units.  Purchasers of Creation Units of shares on an in-kind basis will generally recognize a gain or loss  on the purchase transaction equal to the difference between the market value of the Creation Units, and the purchaser’s aggregate basis in the securities or other instruments exchanged plus (or minus) the cash amount paid (or received).  Persons redeeming Creation Units will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the redeeming shareholder’s basis in the Creation Units redeemed and the aggregate market value of the securities or other instruments received, if any, plus (or minus) the cash amount received (or paid). The IRS, may assert that a loss realized upon an exchange of securities or other instruments for Creation Units cannot be deducted currently under the rules governing “wash sales,” or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position. Persons exchanging securities or other instruments should consult their own tax advisors with respect to whether wash sale rules apply and whether a loss is deductible.

Any capital gain or loss realized upon the purchase of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the securities exchanged for such Creation Units have been held for more than one year. Any capital gain or loss realized upon the redemption of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares comprising the Creation Units have been held for more than one year. Otherwise, such capital gains or losses will be treated as short-term capital gains or losses.

A Fund has the right to reject an order for Creation Units if the creator (or group of creators) would, upon obtaining the shares so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund and if, pursuant to Section 351 of the Code, the Fund would have a basis in the deposit securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. A Fund also has the right to require information necessary to determine beneficial Share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination.] TO BE COMPLETED BY AMENDMENT



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PORTFOLIO SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS

Decisions concerning the execution of portfolio security transactions, including the selection of the market and the broker-dealer firm, are made by the investment adviser.  The Fund is responsible for the expenses associated with its portfolio transactions.  The investment adviser is also responsible for the execution of transactions for all other accounts managed by it.  The investment adviser places the portfolio security transactions for execution with one or more broker-dealer firms.  The investment adviser uses its best efforts to obtain execution of portfolio security transactions at prices which in the investment adviser’s judgment are advantageous to the client and at a reasonably competitive spread or (when a disclosed commission is being charged) at reasonably competitive commission rates.  In seeking such execution, the investment adviser will use its best judgment in evaluating the terms of a transaction, and will give consideration to various relevant factors, including without limitation the full range and quality of the broker-dealer firm’s services, responsiveness of the firm to the investment adviser, the size and type of the transaction, the nature and character of the market for the security, the confidentiality, speed and certainty of effective execution required for the transaction, the general execution and operational capabilities of the broker-dealer firm, the reputation, reliability, experience and financial condition of the firm, the value and quality of the services rendered by the firm in this and other transactions, and the amount of the spread or commission, if any.  In addition, the investment adviser may consider the receipt of Research Services (as defined below), provided it does not compromise the investment adviser’s obligation to seek best overall execution for the Fund and is otherwise in compliance with applicable law.  The investment adviser may engage in portfolio brokerage transactions with a broker-dealer firm that sells shares of Calvert funds, provided such transactions are not directed to that firm as compensation for the promotion or sale of such shares.

Transactions on stock exchanges and other agency transactions involve the payment of negotiated brokerage commissions.  Such commissions vary among different broker-dealer firms, and a particular broker-dealer may charge different commissions according to such factors as the difficulty and size of the transaction and the volume of business done with such broker-dealer.  Transactions in foreign securities often involve the payment of brokerage commissions, which may be higher than those in the United States.  There is generally no stated commission in the case of securities traded in the over-the-counter markets including transactions in fixed-income securities which are generally purchased and sold on a net basis (i.e., without commission) through broker-dealers and banks acting for their own account rather than as brokers.  Such firms attempt to profit from such transactions by buying at the bid price and selling at the higher asked price of the market for such obligations, and the difference between the bid and asked price is customarily referred to as the spread.  Fixed-income transactions may also be transactions directly with the issuer of the obligations.  In an underwritten offering the price paid often includes a disclosed fixed commission or discount retained by the underwriter or dealer.  Although spreads or commissions paid on portfolio security transactions will, in the judgment of the investment adviser, be reasonable in relation to the value of the services provided, commissions exceeding those which another firm might charge may be paid to broker-dealers who were selected to execute transactions on behalf of the investment adviser’s clients in part for providing brokerage and research services to the investment adviser as permitted by applicable law.

Pursuant to the safe harbor provided in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Section 28(e)”) and to the extent permitted by other applicable law, a broker or dealer who executes a portfolio transaction on behalf of the investment adviser client may receive a commission that is in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if the investment adviser determines in good faith that such compensation was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided.  This determination may be made on the basis of either that particular transaction or on the basis of the overall responsibility which the investment adviser and its affiliates have for accounts over which they exercise investment discretion.  “Research Services” as used herein includes any and all brokerage and research services to the extent permitted by Section 28(e) and other applicable law. Generally, Research Services may include, but are not limited to, such matters as research, analytical and quotation services, data, information and other services products and materials which assist the investment adviser in the performance of its investment responsibilities. More specifically, Research Services may include general economic, political, business and market information, industry and company reviews, evaluations of securities and portfolio strategies and transactions, technical analysis of various aspects of the securities markets, recommendations as to the purchase and sale of securities and other portfolio transactions, certain financial, industry and trade publications, certain news and information services, and certain research oriented computer software, data bases and services.  Any particular Research Service obtained through a broker-dealer may be used by the investment adviser in connection with client accounts other than those accounts which pay commissions to such broker-dealer, to the extent permitted by applicable law.  Any such Research Service may be broadly useful and of value to the investment adviser in rendering investment advisory services to all or a significant portion of its clients, or may be relevant and useful for the management of only one client’s account or of a few clients’ accounts, or may be useful for the management of merely a segment of certain clients’ accounts, regardless of whether any such account or accounts paid commissions to the broker-dealer through which such Research Service was obtained.  The investment adviser evaluates the nature and quality of the various Research Services obtained through broker-dealer firms and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, may attempt to allocate sufficient portfolio security transactions to such firms to ensure the continued receipt of Research Services which the investment adviser believes are useful or of value to it in rendering investment advisory services to its clients.  The investment adviser may also receive brokerage and Research Services from underwriters and dealers in fixed-price offerings, when permitted under applicable law.



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Research Services provided by (and produced by) broker-dealers that execute portfolio transactions or from affiliates of executing broker-dealers are referred to as “Proprietary Research.” Except for trades executed in jurisdictions where such consideration is not permissible, the investment adviser may and does consider the receipt of Proprietary Research Services as a factor in selecting broker dealers to execute client portfolio transactions, provided it does not compromise the investment adviser’s obligation to seek best overall execution.  In jurisdictions where permissible, the investment adviser also may consider the receipt of Research Services under so called “client commission arrangements” or “commission sharing arrangements” (both referred to as “CCAs”) as a factor in selecting broker dealers to execute transactions, provided it does not compromise the investment adviser’s obligation to seek best overall execution. Under a CCA arrangement, the investment adviser may cause client accounts to effect transactions through a broker-dealer and request that the broker-dealer allocate a portion of the commissions paid on those transactions to a pool of commission credits that are paid to other firms that provide Research Services to the investment adviser. Under a CCA, the broker-dealer that provides the Research Services need not execute the trade.  Participating in CCAs may enable the investment adviser to consolidate payments for research using accumulated client commission credits from transactions executed through a particular broker-dealer to periodically pay for Research Services obtained from and provided by other firms, including other broker-dealers that supply Research Services. The investment adviser believes that CCAs offer the potential to optimize the execution of trades and the acquisition of a variety of high quality Research Services that the investment adviser might not be provided access to absent CCAs.  The investment adviser will only enter into and utilize CCAs to the extent permitted by Section 28(e) and other applicable law.

Fund trades may implicate laws of the United Kingdom, including rules of the UK Financial Conduct Authority, which govern client trading commissions and Research Services (“UK Law”). Broadly speaking, under UK Law the investment adviser may not accept any good or service when executing an order unless that good or service either is directly related to the execution of trades on behalf of its clients/customers or amounts to the provision of substantive research (as defined under UK Law). These requirements may also apply with respect to orders in connection with which the investment adviser receives goods and services under a CCA or other bundled brokerage arrangement.

The investment companies sponsored by the investment adviser or its affiliates also may allocate brokerage commissions to acquire information relating to the performance, fees and expenses of such companies and other investment companies, which information is used by the members of the Board of such companies to fulfill their responsibility to oversee the quality of the services provided to various entities, including the investment adviser, to such companies.  Such companies may also pay cash for such information.

Securities considered as investments for the Fund may also be appropriate for other investment accounts managed by the investment adviser or its affiliates.  Whenever decisions are made to buy or sell securities by the Fund and one or more of such other accounts simultaneously, the investment adviser will allocate the security transactions (including “new” issues) in a manner which it believes to be equitable under the circumstances.  As a result of such allocations, there may be instances where the Fund will not participate in a transaction that is allocated among other accounts.  If an aggregated order cannot be filled completely, allocations will generally be made on a pro rata basis.  An order may not be allocated on a pro rata basis where, for example: (i) consideration is given to portfolio managers who have been instrumental in developing or negotiating a particular investment; (ii) consideration is given to an account with specialized investment policies that coincide with the particulars of a specific investment; (iii) pro rata allocation would result in odd-lot or de minimis amounts being allocated to a portfolio or other client; or (iv) where the investment adviser reasonably determines that departure from a pro rata allocation is advisable.  While these aggregation and allocation policies could have a detrimental effect on the price or amount of the securities available to the Fund from time to time, it is the opinion of the members of the Board that the benefits from the investment adviser organization outweigh any disadvantage that may arise from exposure to simultaneous transactions.

PERSONAL SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS

The investment adviser, principal underwriter, and the Fund have adopted Codes of Ethics governing personal securities transactions pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act.  Under the Codes, employees of the investment adviser and the principal underwriter may purchase and sell securities (including securities held or eligible for purchase by the Fund) subject to the provisions of the Codes and certain employees are also subject to pre-clearance, reporting requirements and/or other procedures.



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PROXY VOTING DISCLOSURE

The Board adopted proxy voting guidelines (the “Fund Policy”), pursuant to which the Board has delegated proxy voting responsibility to the Adviser and adopted the proxy voting policies and procedures of the Adviser (the “Adviser Policies”). An independent proxy voting service has been retained to assist in the voting of Fund proxies through the provision of vote analysis, implementation and recordkeeping and disclosure services. The members of the Board will review the Fund’s proxy voting records from time to time and will annually consider approving the Adviser Policies for the upcoming year. For additional information, please see a summary of the Adviser’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures and the Fund Policy attached hereto as Appendix C and Appendix D, respectively. Information on how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 will be available (1) without charge, upon request, by calling 1-800-368-2745, and (2) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.  A copy of the Adviser’s Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures is available without charge, upon request, by calling 1-800-368-2745.

PROCESS FOR DELIVERING SHAREHOLDER COMMUNICATIONS TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES

Any shareholder who wishes to send a communication to the Board of Trustees of the Fund should send the communication to the attention of the Fund’s Secretary at the following address:

Calvert Fund
Attn: [Name of Fund] Secretary
4550 Montgomery Avenue
Suite 1000N
Bethesda, Maryland 20814

All communications should state the specific Calvert fund to which the communication relates.  After reviewing the communication, the Fund’s Secretary will forward the communication to the Board of Trustees.

In its function as a nominating committee, the Governance Committee of the Board of Trustees will consider any candidates for vacancies on the Board from any shareholder of the Fund who, for at least five years, has continuously owned at least 0.5% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.  Shareholders of the Fund who wish to nominate a candidate to the Board of the Fund must submit the recommendation in writing to the attention of the Fund’s Secretary at 4550 Montgomery Avenue, Suite 1000N, Bethesda, MD 20814.  The recommendation must include biographical information, including business experience for the past ten years and a description of the qualifications of the proposed nominee, along with a statement from the proposed nominee that he or she is willing to serve and meets the requirements to be an independent Trustee. A shareholder wishing to recommend to the Governance Committee of the Fund a candidate for election as a Trustee may request the Fund’s Policy for the Consideration of Trustee Nominees by contacting the Fund’s Secretary at the address above.

If a shareholder wishes to send a communication directly to an individual Trustee or to a Committee of the Fund’s Board of Trustees, then the communication should be specifically addressed to such individual Trustee or Committee and sent in care of the Fund’s Secretary at the address above.  Communications to individual Trustees or to a Committee sent in care of the Fund’s Secretary will be forwarded to the individual Trustee or to the Committee, as applicable.

OTHER INFORMATION

Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities.  As of the date of this SAI, there were no shares of the Fund outstanding.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

There are no financial statements for the Fund because prior to the date of this SAI, the Fund had not commenced operations.

Householding.  Consistent with applicable law, duplicate mailings of shareholder reports and certain other Fund information to shareholders residing at the same address may be eliminated.



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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

Asset Coverage

To the extent required by SEC guidance, if a transaction creates a future obligation of the Fund to another party the Fund will: (1) cover the obligation by entering into an offsetting position or transaction; and/or (2) segregate cash and/or liquid securities with a value (together with any collateral posted with respect to the obligation) at least equal to the marked-to-market value of the obligation. Assets used as cover or segregated cannot be sold while the position(s) requiring coverage is open unless replaced with other appropriate assets. The types of transactions that may require asset coverage include (but are not limited to) reverse repurchase agreements, repurchase agreements, short sales, securities lending, forward contracts, certain options, forward commitments, futures contracts, when-issued securities, swap agreements and residual interest bonds.

Asset-Backed Securities (“ABS”)

ABS are collateralized by pools of automobile loans, educational loans, home equity loans, credit card receivables, equipment or automobile leases, commercial mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”), utilities receivables, secured or unsecured bonds issued by corporate or sovereign obligors, unsecured loans made to a variety of corporate commercial and industrial loan customers of one or more lending banks, or a combination of these bonds and loans. ABS are “pass through” securities, meaning that principal and interest payments made by the borrower on the underlying assets are passed through to the ABS holder. ABS are issued through special purpose vehicles that are bankruptcy remote from the issuer of the collateral. ABS are subject to interest rate risk and prepayment risk.   Some ABS may receive prepayments that can change their effective maturities.  Issuers of ABS may have limited ability to enforce the security interest in the underlying assets or may have no security in the underlying assets, and credit enhancements provided to support the securities, if any, may be inadequate to protect investors in the event of default. In addition, ABS may experience losses on the underlying assets as a result of certain rights provided to consumer debtors under federal and state law. The value of ABS may be affected by the factors described above and other factors, such as the availability of information concerning the pool and its structure, the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the pool, the originator of the underlying assets or the entities providing credit enhancements and the ability of the servicer to service the underlying collateral. The value of ABS representing interests in a pool of utilities receivables may be adversely affected by changes in government regulations. While certain ABS may be insured as to the payment of principal and interest, this insurance does not protect the market value of such obligations or the Fund’s net asset value. The value of an insured security will be affected by the credit standing of its insurer.

Collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”) and collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) are types of ABS that are backed solely by a pool of other debt securities.  CDOs and CLOs are typically issued in various classes with varying priorities.  The risks of an investment in a CDO or CLO depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the CDO or CLO in which the Fund invests.  In addition to interest rate, prepayment, default and other risks of ABS and fixed income securities, in general, CDOs and CLOs are subject to additional risks, including the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments, the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default, the Fund may invest in CDOs or CLOs that are subordinate to other classes, and the complex structure may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.



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Auction Rate Securities

Auction rate securities, such as auction preferred shares of closed-end investment companies, are preferred securities and debt securities with dividends/coupons based on a rate set at auction. The auction is usually held weekly for each series of a security, but may be held less frequently. The auction sets the rate, and securities may be bought and sold at the auction.  Provided that the auction mechanism is successful, auction rate securities normally permit the holder to sell the securities in an auction at par value at specified intervals. The dividend is reset by a “Dutch” auction in which bids are made by broker-dealers and other institutions for a certain amount of securities at a specified minimum yield. The dividend rate set by the auction is the lowest interest or dividend rate that covers all securities offered for sale. While this process is designed to permit auction rate securities to be traded at par value, there is the risk that an auction will fail due to insufficient demand for the securities. Security holders that submit sell orders in a failed auction may not be able to sell any or all of the shares for which they have submitted sell orders. Security holders may sell their shares at the next scheduled auction, subject to the same risk that the subsequent auction will not attract sufficient demand for a successful auction to occur. Broker-dealers may also try to facilitate secondary trading in the auction rate securities, although such secondary trading may be limited and may only be available for shareholders willing to sell at a discount.  Since mid-February 2008, existing markets for certain auction rate securities have become generally illiquid and investors have not been able to sell their securities through the regular auction process. It is uncertain, particularly in the near term, when or whether there will be a revival of investor interest in purchasing securities sold through auctions. In addition, there may be no active secondary markets for many auction rate securities. Moreover, auction rate securities that do trade in a secondary market may trade at a significant discount from the underlying liquidation or principle amount of the securities. Finally, there recently have been a number of governmental investigations and regulatory settlements involving certain broker-dealers with respect to their prior activities involving auction rate securities.

 

Valuations of such securities is highly speculative, however, dividends on auction rate preferred securities issued by a closed-end fund may be reported, generally on Form 1099, as exempt from federal income tax to the extent they are attributable to tax-exempt interest income earned by the Fund on the securities and distributed to holders of the preferred securities, provided that the preferred securities are treated as equity securities for federal income tax purposes, and the closed-end fund complies with certain requirements under the Code. Investments in auction rate preferred securities of closed-end funds are subject to limitations on investments in other U.S. registered investment companies, which limitations are prescribed by the 1940 Act.

Average Effective Maturity

Average effective maturity is a weighted average of all the maturities of bonds owned by the Fund. Average effective maturity takes into consideration all mortgage payments, puts and adjustable coupons.  In the event the Fund invests in multiple Portfolios, its average weighted maturity is the sum of its allocable share of the average weighted maturity of each of the Portfolios in which it invests, which is determined by multiplying the Portfolio’s average weighted maturity by the Fund’s percentage ownership of that Portfolio.

Borrowing for Investment Purposes

Successful use of a borrowing strategy depends on the investment adviser’s ability to predict correctly interest rates and market movements. There is no assurance that a borrowing strategy will be successful. Upon the expiration of the term of the Fund’s existing credit arrangement, the lender may not be willing to extend further credit to the Fund or may be willing to do so at an increased cost to the Fund. If the Fund is not able to extend its credit arrangement, it may be required to liquidate holdings to repay amounts borrowed from the lender. Borrowing to increase investments generally will magnify the effect on the Fund’s net asset value of any increase or decrease in the value of the security purchased with the borrowings. Successful use of a borrowing strategy depends on the investment adviser’s ability to predict correctly interest rates and market movements. There can be no assurance that the use of borrowings will be successful. In connection with its borrowings, the Fund will be required to maintain specified asset coverage with respect to such borrowings by both the 1940 Act and the terms of its credit facility with the lender.  The Fund may be required to dispose of portfolio investments on unfavorable terms if market fluctuations or other factors reduce the required asset coverage to less than the prescribed amount. Borrowings involve additional expense to the Fund.



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Borrowing for Temporary Purposes

The Fund may borrow for temporary purposes (such as to satisfy redemption requests, to remain fully invested in advance of the settlement of share purchases, and to settle transactions).  The Fund’s ability to borrow is subject to its terms and conditions of its credit arrangements, which in some cases may limit the Fund’s ability to borrow under the arrangement.  The Fund will be required to maintain a specified level of asset coverage with respect to all borrowings and may be required to sell some of its holdings to reduce debt and restore coverage at times when it may not be advantageous to do so.  The rights of the lender to receive payments of interest and repayments of principal of any borrowings made by the Fund under a credit arrangement are senior to the rights of holders of shares, with respect to the payment of dividends or upon liquidation. In the event of a default under a credit arrangement, the lenders may have the right to cause a liquidation of the collateral (i.e., sell Fund assets) and, if any such default is not cured, the lenders may be able to control the liquidation as well.  Credit arrangements are subject to annual renewal, which cannot be assured.  If the Fund does not have the ability to borrow for temporary purposes, it may be required to sell securities at inopportune times to meet short-term liquidity needs.  Because the Fund is a party to a joint credit arrangement, it may be unable to borrow some or all of its requested amounts at any particular time.  Borrowings involve additional expense to the Fund.

Build America Bonds

Build America Bonds are taxable municipal obligations issued pursuant to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (the “Act”) or other legislation providing for the issuance of taxable municipal debt on which the issuer receives federal support. Enacted in February 2009, the Act authorizes state and local governments to issue taxable bonds on which, assuming certain specified conditions are satisfied, issuers may either (i) receive reimbursement from the U.S. Treasury with respect to its interest payments on the bonds (“direct pay” Build America Bonds); or (ii) provide tax credits to investors in the bonds (“tax credit” Build America Bonds). Unlike most other municipal obligations, interest received on Build America Bonds is subject to federal income tax and may be subject to state income tax. Under the terms of the Act, issuers of direct pay Build America Bonds are entitled to receive reimbursement from the U.S. Treasury currently equal to 35% (or 45% in the case of Recovery Zone Economic Development Bonds) of the interest paid. Holders of tax credit Build America Bonds can receive a federal tax credit currently equal to 35% of the coupon interest received. The Fund may invest in “principal only” strips of tax credit Build America Bonds, which entitle the holder to receive par value of such bonds if held to maturity. The Fund does not expect to receive (or pass through to shareholders) tax credits as a result of its investments.  The federal interest subsidy or tax credit continues for the life of the bonds. Build America Bonds are an alternative form of financing to state and local governments whose primary means for accessing the capital markets has been through issuance of tax-free municipal bonds. Build America Bonds can appeal to a broader array of investors than the high income U.S. taxpayers that have traditionally provided the market for municipal bonds. Build America Bonds may provide a lower net cost of funds to issuers. Pursuant to the terms of the Act, the issuance of Build America Bonds ceased on December 31, 2010.  As a result, the availability of such bonds is limited and the market for the bonds and/or their liquidity may be affected.

Call and Put Features on Securities

Issuers of securities may reserve the right to call (redeem) the securities. If an issuer redeems a security with a call right during a time of declining interest rates, the holder of the security may not be able to reinvest the proceeds in securities providing the same investment return as provided by the securities redeemed. Some securities may have “put” or “demand” features that allow early redemption by the holder. Longer term fixed-rate securities may give the holder a right to request redemption at certain times (often annually after the lapse of an intermediate term). This “put” or “demand” feature enhances a security’s liquidity by shortening its effective maturity and enables the security to trade at a price equal to or very close to par. If a demand feature terminates prior to being exercised, the holder of the security would be subject to the longer maturity of the security, which could experience substantially more volatility.  Securities with a “put” or “demand” feature are more defensive than conventional long term securities (protecting to some degree against a rise in interest rates) while providing greater opportunity than comparable intermediate term securities, because they can be retained if interest rates decline.

Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents include short term, high quality, U.S. dollar denominated instruments such as commercial paper, certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances issued by U.S. or foreign banks, and Treasury bills and other obligations with a maturity of one year or less, including those issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies and instrumentalities.  See “U.S. Government Securities” below. Certificates of deposit are certificates issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank, are for a definite period of time, earn a specified rate of return, and are normally negotiable. Bankers’ acceptances are short-term credit instruments used to finance the import, export, transfer or storage of goods. They are termed “accepted” when a bank guarantees their payment at maturity.



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The obligations of foreign branches of U.S. banks may be general obligations of the parent bank in addition to the issuing branch, or may be limited by the terms of a specific obligation and by governmental regulation.  Payment of interest and principal upon these obligations may also be affected by governmental action in the country of domicile of the branch (generally referred to as sovereign risk). In addition, evidence of ownership of portfolio securities may be held outside of the U.S. and generally will be subject to the risks associated with the holding of such property overseas. Various provisions of U.S. law governing the establishment and operation of domestic branches do not apply to foreign branches of domestic banks. The obligations of U.S. branches of foreign banks may be general obligations of the parent bank in addition to the issuing branch, or may be limited by the terms of a specific obligation and by federal and state regulation as well as by governmental action in the country in which the foreign bank has its head office.

 

Cash equivalents are often acquired directly from the issuers thereof or otherwise are normally traded on a net basis (without commission) through broker-dealers and banks acting for their own account. Such firms attempt to profit from such transactions by buying at the bid price and selling at the higher asked price of the market, and the difference is customarily referred to as the spread. Cash equivalents may be adversely affected by market and economic events, such as a sharp rise in prevailing short-term interest rates; adverse developments in the banking industry, which issues or guarantees many money market securities; adverse economic, political or other developments affecting domestic issuers of money market securities; changes in the credit quality of issuers; and default by a counterparty.  These securities may be subject to federal income, state income and/or other taxes.  Instead of investing in cash equivalents directly, the Fund may invest in an affiliated money market fund (such as Eaton Vance Cash Reserves Fund, LLC, which is managed by Eaton Vance) or unaffiliated money market fund.

The Fund may invest in bank time deposits, which are monies kept on deposit with banks or savings and loan associations for a stated period of time at a fixed rate of interest. There may be penalties for the early withdrawal of such time deposits, in which case the yields of these investments will be reduced.

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (“CMOs”)  

CMOs are backed by a pool of mortgages or mortgage loans.  The key feature of the CMO structure is the prioritization of the cash flows from the pool of mortgages among the several classes, or tranches, of the CMO, thereby creating a series of obligations with varying rates and maturities.  Senior CMO classes will typically have priority over residual CMOs as to the receipt of principal and or interest payments on the underlying mortgages.  CMOs also issue sequential and parallel pay classes, including planned amortization and target amortization classes, and fixed and floating rate CMO tranches.  CMOs issued by U.S. government agencies are backed by agency mortgages, while privately issued CMOs may be backed by either government agency mortgages or private mortgages.  Payments of principal and interest are passed through to each CMO tranche at varying schedules resulting in bonds with different coupons, effective maturities and sensitivities to interest rates. Parallel pay CMOs are structured to provide payments of principal on each payment date to more than one class, concurrently on a proportionate or disproportionate basis.  Sequential pay CMOs generally pay principal to only one class at a time while paying interest to several classes.  CMOs generally are secured by an assignment to a trustee under the indenture pursuant to which the bonds are issued as collateral consisting of a pool of mortgages. Payments with respect to the underlying mortgages generally are made to the trustee under the indenture. CMOs are designed to be retired as the underlying mortgages are repaid. In the event of sufficient early prepayments on such mortgages, the class or series of CMO first to mature generally will be retired prior to maturity. Therefore, although in most cases the issuer of CMOs will not supply additional collateral in the event of such prepayments, there will be sufficient collateral to secure CMOs that remain outstanding. Floating rate CMO tranches carry interest rates that are tied in a fixed relationship to an index subject to an upper limit, or “cap,” and sometimes to a lower limit, or “floor.” CMOs may be less liquid and may exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities.

Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities (“CMBS”)

CMBS include securities that reflect an interest in, and are secured by, mortgage loans on commercial real property, such as hotels, office buildings, retail stores, hospitals and other commercial buildings. CMBS may have a lower repayment uncertainty than other mortgage-related securities because commercial mortgage loans generally prohibit or impose penalties on prepayment of principal.  The risks of investing in CMBS reflect the risks of investing in the real estate securing the underlying mortgage loans, including the effects of local and other economic conditions on real estate markets, the ability of tenants to make loan payment, and the ability of a property to attract and retain tenants. CMBS may be less liquid and may exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities.



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Commodity-Related Investments

The value of commodities investments will generally be affected by overall market movements and factors specific to a particular industry or commodity, which may include weather, embargoes, tariffs, and health, political, international and regulatory developments. Economic and other events (whether real or perceived) can reduce the demand for commodities, which may reduce market prices and cause the value of Fund shares to fall. The frequency and magnitude of such changes cannot be predicted. Exposure to commodities and commodities markets may subject the Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. No active trading market may exist for certain commodities investments, which may impair the ability of the Fund to sell or to realize the full value of such investments in the event of the need to liquidate such investments. In addition, adverse market conditions may impair the liquidity of actively traded commodities investments. Certain types of commodities instruments (such as total return swaps and commodity-linked notes) are subject to the risk that the counterparty to the instrument will not perform or will be unable to perform in accordance with the terms of the instrument.

 

Certain commodities are subject to limited pricing flexibility because of supply and demand factors. Others are subject to broad price fluctuations as a result of the volatility of the prices for certain raw materials and the instability of supplies of other materials. These additional variables may create additional investment risks and result in greater volatility than investments in traditional securities.  The commodities that underlie commodity futures contracts and commodity swaps may be subject to additional economic and non-economic variables, such as drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, embargoes, tariffs, and international economic, political and regulatory developments.  Unlike the financial futures markets, in the commodity futures markets there are costs of physical storage associated with purchasing the underlying commodity. The price of the commodity futures contract will reflect the storage costs of purchasing the physical commodity, including the time value of money invested in the physical commodity. To the extent that the storage costs for an underlying commodity change while the Fund is invested in futures contracts on that commodity, the value of the futures contract may change proportionately.

 

In the commodity futures markets, producers of the underlying commodity may decide to hedge the price risk of selling the commodity by selling futures contracts today to lock in the price of the commodity at delivery tomorrow. In order to induce speculators to purchase the other side of the same futures contract, the commodity producer generally must sell the futures contract at a lower price than the expected future spot price. Conversely, if most hedgers in the futures market are purchasing futures contracts to hedge against a rise in prices, then speculators will only sell the other side of the futures contract at a higher futures price than the expected future spot price of the commodity. The changing nature of the hedgers and speculators in the commodity markets will influence whether futures prices are above or below the expected future spot price, which can have significant implications for the Fund. If the nature of hedgers and speculators in futures markets has shifted when it is time for the Fund to reinvest the proceeds of a maturing contract in a new futures contract, the Fund might reinvest at higher or lower futures prices, or choose to pursue other investments.

Common Stocks

Common stock represents an equity ownership interest in the issuing corporation. Holders of common stock generally have voting rights in the issuer and are entitled to receive common stock dividends when, as and if declared by the corporation’s board of directors. Common stock normally occupies the most subordinated position in an issuer’s capital structure. Returns on common stock investments consist of any dividends received plus the amount of appreciation or depreciation in the value of the stock.

 

Although common stocks have historically generated higher average returns than fixed-income securities over the long term and particularly during periods of high or rising concerns about inflation, common stocks also have experienced significantly more volatility in returns and may not maintain their real value during inflationary periods. An adverse event, such as an unfavorable earnings report, may depress the value of a particular common stock. Also, the prices of common stocks are sensitive to general movements in the stock market and a drop in the stock market may depress the price of common stocks. Common stock prices fluctuate for many reasons, including changes in investors’ perceptions of the financial condition of an issuer or the general condition of the relevant stock market, or when political or economic events affecting the issuer occur. In addition, common stock prices may be sensitive to rising interest rates as the costs of capital rise and borrowing costs increase.



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Contingent Convertible Securities

Contingent convertible securities (sometimes referred to as “CoCos”) are convertible securities with loss absorption characteristics. These securities provide for mandatory conversion into common stock of the issuer under certain circumstances. The mandatory conversion may be automatically triggered, for instance, if a company fails to meet the capital minimum with respect to the security, the company’s regulator makes a determination that the security should convert or the company receives specified levels of extraordinary public support. Since the common stock of the issuer may not pay a dividend, investors in these instruments could experience a reduced income rate, potentially to zero; and conversion would deepen the subordination of the investor, hence worsening standing in a bankruptcy. In addition, some such instruments have a set stock conversion rate that would cause an automatic write-down of capital if the price of the stock is below the conversion price on the conversion date. Under similar circumstances, the liquidation value of certain types of contingent convertible securities may be adjusted downward to below the original par value. The write down of the par value would occur automatically and would not entitle the holders to seek bankruptcy of the company. In certain circumstances, contingent convertible securities may write down to zero and investors could lose the entire value of the investment, even as the issuer remains in business.  CoCos may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a predetermined price.  See also “Hybrid Securities.”

Convertible Securities

A convertible security is a bond, debenture, note, preferred security, or other security that entitles the holder to acquire common stock or other equity securities of the same or a different issuer.   A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued or the dividend paid on such security until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to nonconvertible income securities in that they ordinarily provide a stable stream of income with generally higher yields than those of common stocks of the same or similar issuers, but lower yields than comparable nonconvertible securities. The value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline. The credit standing of the issuer and other factors also may have an effect on the convertible security’s investment value. A convertible security ranks senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure but is usually subordinated to comparable nonconvertible securities.  Convertible securities may be purchased for their appreciation potential when they yield more than the underlying securities at the time of purchase or when they are considered to present less risk of principal loss than the underlying securities. Generally speaking, the interest or dividend yield of a convertible security is somewhat less than that of a non-convertible security of similar quality issued by the same company.  A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument.

 

Convertible securities are issued and traded in a number of securities markets. Even in cases where a substantial portion of the convertible securities held by the Fund are denominated in U.S. dollars, the underlying equity securities may be quoted in the currency of the country where the issuer is domiciled. As a result, fluctuations in the exchange rate between the currency in which the debt security is denominated and the currency in which the share price is quoted will affect the value of the convertible security.  With respect to convertible securities denominated in a currency different from that of the underlying equity securities, the conversion price may be based on a fixed exchange rate established at the time the securities are issued, which may increase the effects of currency risk.

 

Holders of convertible securities generally have a claim on the assets of the issuer prior to the common stockholders but may be subordinated to other debt securities of the same issuer. Certain convertible debt securities may provide a put option to the holder, which entitles the holder to cause the securities to be redeemed by the issuer at a premium over the stated principal amount of the debt securities under certain circumstances.  Certain convertible securities may include loss absorption characteristics that make the securities more equity-like.  This is particularly true of convertible securities issued by companies in the financial services sector.  See “Contingent Convertible Securities.”



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Synthetic convertible securities may include either cash-settled convertibles or manufactured convertibles.  Cash-settled convertibles are instruments that are created by the issuer and have the economic characteristics of traditional convertible securities but may not actually permit conversion into the underlying equity securities in all circumstances. As an example, a private company may issue a cash-settled convertible that is convertible into common stock only if the company successfully completes a public offering of its common stock prior to maturity and otherwise pays a cash amount to reflect any equity appreciation. Manufactured convertibles are created by the investment adviser or another party by combining separate securities that possess one of the two principal characteristics of a convertible security, i.e., fixed-income (“fixed-income component”) or a right to acquire equity securities (“convertibility component”). The fixed-income component is achieved by investing in nonconvertible fixed-income securities, such as nonconvertible bonds, preferred securities and money market instruments. The convertibility component is achieved by investing in call options, warrants, or other securities with equity conversion features (“equity features”) granting the holder the right to purchase a specified quantity of the underlying stocks within a specified period of time at a specified price or, in the case of a stock index option, the right to receive a cash payment based on the value of the underlying stock index. A manufactured convertible differs from traditional convertible securities in several respects. Unlike a traditional convertible security, which is a single security that has a unitary market value, a manufactured convertible is comprised of two or more separate securities, each with its own market value. Therefore, the total “market value” of such a manufactured convertible is the sum of the values of its fixed-income component and its convertibility component. More flexibility is possible in the creation of a manufactured convertible than in the purchase of a traditional convertible security. Because many corporations have not issued convertible securities, the investment adviser may combine a fixed-income instrument and an equity feature with respect to the stock of the issuer of the fixed-income instrument to create a synthetic convertible security otherwise unavailable in the market. The investment adviser may also combine a fixed-income instrument of an issuer with an equity feature with respect to the stock of a different issuer when the investment adviser believes such a manufactured convertible would better promote the Fund’s objective than alternative investments. For example, the investment adviser may combine an equity feature with respect to an issuer’s stock with a fixed-income security of a different issuer in the same industry to diversify the Fund’s credit exposure, or with a U.S. Treasury instrument to create a manufactured convertible with a higher credit profile than a traditional convertible security issued by that issuer. A manufactured convertible also is a more flexible investment in that its two components may be purchased separately and, upon purchasing the separate securities, “combined” to create a manufactured convertible. For example, the Fund may purchase a warrant for eventual inclusion in a manufactured convertible while postponing the purchase of a suitable bond to pair with the warrant pending development of more favorable market conditions.  The value of a manufactured convertible may respond to certain market fluctuations differently from a traditional convertible security with similar characteristics. For example, in the event the Fund created a manufactured convertible by combining a short-term U.S. Treasury instrument and a call option on a stock, the manufactured convertible would be expected to outperform a traditional convertible of similar maturity that is convertible into that stock during periods when Treasury instruments outperform corporate fixed-income securities and underperform during periods when corporate fixed-income securities outperform Treasury instruments.

Credit Linked Securities

See also “Derivative Instruments and Related Risks” herein.  Credit linked securities are issued by a limited purpose trust or other vehicle that, in turn, invests in a derivative instrument or basket of derivative instruments, such as credit default swaps, interest rate swaps, and other securities in order to provide exposure to certain fixed-income markets. Credit linked securities may be used as a cash management tool in order to gain exposure to a certain market and to remain fully invested when more traditional income producing securities are not available.  Like an investment in a bond, investments in credit linked securities represent the right to receive periodic income payments (in the form of distributions) and payment of principal at the end of the term of the security. However, these payments are conditioned on the issuer’s receipt of payments from, and the issuer’s potential obligations to, the counterparties to the derivative instruments and other securities in which the issuer invests. An issuer may sell one or more credit default swaps, under which the issuer would receive a stream of payments over the term of the swap agreements provided that no event of default has occurred with respect to the referenced debt obligation upon which the swap is based. If a default occurs, the stream of payments may stop and the issuer would be obligated to pay the counterparty the par (or other agreed upon value) of the referenced debt obligation. This, in turn, would reduce the amount of income and principal that the holder of the credit linked security would receive. Credit linked securities generally will be exempt from registration under the 1933 Act. Accordingly, there may be no established trading market for the securities and they may constitute illiquid investments.



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Credit Spread Trades

A credit spread trade is an investment position relating to a difference in the prices or interest rates of two securities or currencies, where the value of the investment position is determined by movements in the difference between the prices or interest rates, as the case may be, of the respective securities or currencies.

Cyber Security Risk

With the increased use of technologies by Fund service providers, such as the Internet to conduct business, the Fund is susceptible to operational, information security and related risks. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g., through “hacking” or malicious software coding) for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites (i.e., efforts to make network services unavailable to intended users). Cyber security failures or breaches by the Fund’s investment adviser or administrator and other service providers (including, but not limited to, the custodian or transfer agent), and the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations potentially resulting in financial losses, interference with the Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, impediments to trading, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional compliance costs. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. While various Fund service providers have established business continuity plans and risk management systems intended to identify and mitigate cyber attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, the Fund cannot control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by service providers to the Fund and issuers in which the Fund invests. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.

Derivative Instruments and Related Risks

Generally, derivatives can be characterized as financial instruments whose performance is derived at least in part from the performance of an underlying reference instrument.  Derivative instruments may be acquired in the United States or abroad and include the various types of exchange-traded and over-the-counter (“OTC”) instruments described herein and other instruments with substantially similar characteristics and risks.  Derivative instruments may be based on securities, indices, currencies, commodities, economic indicators and events (referred to as “reference instruments”).  Fund obligations created pursuant to derivative instruments may be subject to the requirements described under “Asset Coverage” herein.

 

Derivative instruments are subject to a number of risks, including adverse or unexpected movements in the price of the reference instrument, and counterparty, liquidity, tax, correlation and leverage risks.  Use of derivative instruments may cause the realization of higher amounts of short-term capital gains (generally taxed at ordinary income tax rates) than if such instruments had not been used. Success in using derivative instruments to hedge portfolio assets depends on the degree of price correlation between the derivative instruments and the hedged asset.  Imperfect correlation may be caused by several factors, including temporary price disparities among the trading markets for the derivative instrument, the reference instrument and the Fund’s assets.  To the extent that a derivative instrument is intended to hedge against an event that does not occur, the Fund may realize losses.

 

OTC derivative instruments involve an additional risk in that the issuer or counterparty may fail to perform its contractual obligations. Some derivative instruments are not readily marketable or may become illiquid under adverse market conditions. In addition, during periods of market volatility, an option or commodity exchange or swap execution facility or clearinghouse may suspend or limit trading in an exchange-traded derivative instrument, which may make the contract temporarily illiquid and difficult to price. Commodity exchanges may also establish daily limits on the amount that the price of a futures contract or futures option can vary from the previous day’s settlement price. Once the daily limit is reached, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond the limit. This may prevent the closing out of positions to limit losses.  The staff of the SEC takes the position that certain purchased OTC options, and assets used as cover for written OTC options, are illiquid. The ability to terminate OTC derivative instruments may depend on the cooperation of the counterparties to such contracts. For thinly traded derivative instruments, the only source of price quotations may be the selling dealer or counterparty. In addition, certain provisions of the Code limit the use of derivative instruments.   Derivatives permit the Fund to increase or decrease the level of risk, or change the character of the risk, to which its portfolio is exposed in much the same way as the Fund can increase or decrease the level of risk, or change the character of the risk, of its portfolio by making investments in specific securities.  There can be no assurance that the use of derivative instruments will benefit the Fund.



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The regulation of derivatives has undergone substantial change in recent years and such change may continue. In particular, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), and regulations proposed to be promulgated thereunder require many derivatives to be cleared and traded on an exchange, expand entity registration requirements, impose business conduct requirements on dealers that enter into swaps with a pension plan, endowment, retirement plan or government entity, and require banks to move some derivatives trading units to a non-guaranteed affiliate separate from the deposit-taking bank or divest them altogether. Although the CFTC has released final rules relating to clearing, reporting, recordkeeping, required margin and registration requirements under the legislation, many of the provisions are subject to further final rule making, and thus its ultimate impact remains unclear. See also “Swap Agreements” herein. New regulations and the implementation of existing regulations could, among other things, restrict the Fund’s ability to engage in derivatives transactions (for example, by making certain types of derivatives transactions no longer available to the Fund) and/or increase the costs of such derivatives transactions (for example, by increasing margin or capital requirements), and the Fund may be unable to fully execute its investment strategies as a result. Limits or restrictions applicable to the counterparties with which the Fund engages in derivative transactions also could prevent the Fund from using these instruments or affect the pricing or other factors relating to these instruments, or may change the availability of certain investments.

 

Likewise, the SEC has proposed regulations that, if adopted, would significantly change the manner in which a Fund must segregate assets to cover its future obligations. The proposed regulations would restrict its ability to enter into derivative transactions for speculative or hedging purposes and would require the Fund’s Board to adopt a derivative risk management and governance framework. These regulations could also limit the ability of a Fund to use these instruments as part of its investment management strategy, increase the costs of using these instruments or make them less effective. Limits or restrictions applicable to the counterparties with which a Fund engages in derivative transactions also could prevent the Fund from using these instruments or affect the pricing or other factors relating to these instruments, or may change the availability of certain investments.

 

Legislation may be enacted that could negatively affect the assets of the Fund. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which the Fund itself is regulated. The effects of any new governmental regulation cannot be predicted and there can be no assurance that any new governmental regulation will not adversely affect the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective(s).

Derivative-Linked and Commodity-Linked Hybrid Instruments

A derivative-linked or commodity-linked hybrid instrument (referred to herein as a “hybrid instrument”) is a type of potentially high-risk derivative that combines a traditional stock, bond, or commodity with an option or forward contract. Generally, the principal amount, amount payable upon maturity or redemption, or interest rate of a hybrid instrument is tied (positively or negatively) to the price of some commodity, currency or securities index or another interest rate or some other economic factor (each a “benchmark”). The interest rate or (unlike most fixed-income securities) the principal amount payable at maturity of a hybrid instrument may be increased or decreased, depending on changes in the value of the benchmark. An example of a hybrid instrument is a bond issued by an oil company that pays a small base level of interest with additional interest that accrues in correlation to the extent to which oil prices exceed a certain predetermined level. Such a hybrid instrument would be a combination of a bond and a call option on oil.

 

The risks of investing in hybrid instruments reflect a combination of the risks of investing in securities, options, futures and currencies. An investment in a hybrid instrument may entail significant risks that are not associated with a similar investment in a traditional debt instrument that has a fixed principal amount, is denominated in U.S. dollars or bears interest either at a fixed rate or a floating rate determined by reference to a common, nationally published benchmark. The risks of a particular hybrid instrument will depend upon the terms of the instrument, but may include the possibility of significant changes in the benchmark(s) or the prices of the underlying assets to which the instrument is linked. Such risks generally depend upon factors unrelated to the operations or credit quality of the issuer of the hybrid instrument, which may not be foreseen by the purchaser, such as economic and political events, the supply and demand of the underlying assets and interest rate movements. Hybrid instruments may be highly volatile and their use by the Fund may not be successful.  Hybrid instruments may also carry liquidity risk since the instruments are often “customized” to meet the portfolio needs of a particular investor, and therefore, the number of investors that are willing and able to buy such instruments in the secondary market may be smaller than that for more traditional debt securities.  



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Hybrid instruments may bear interest or pay preferred dividends at below market (or even relatively nominal) rates. Alternatively, hybrid instruments may bear interest at above market rates but bear an increased risk of principal loss (or gain). The latter scenario may result if “leverage” is used to structure the hybrid instrument. Leverage risk occurs when the hybrid instrument is structured so that a given change in a benchmark or underlying asset is multiplied to produce a greater value change in the hybrid instrument, thereby magnifying the risk of loss as well as the potential for gain.

 

Hybrid instruments are potentially more volatile and carry greater market risks than traditional debt instruments. Depending on the structure of the particular hybrid instrument, changes in a benchmark may be magnified by the terms of the hybrid instrument and have an even more dramatic and substantial effect upon the value of the hybrid instrument. Also, the prices of the hybrid instrument and the benchmark or underlying asset may not move in the same direction or at the same time.

 

Hybrid instruments can be used as an efficient means of pursuing a variety of investment goals, including currency hedging, duration management, and increased total return and creating exposure to a particular market or segment of that market. The value of a hybrid instrument or its interest rate may be a multiple of a benchmark and, as a result, may be leveraged and move (up or down) more steeply and rapidly than the benchmark. These benchmarks may be sensitive to economic and political events, such as commodity shortages and currency devaluations, which cannot be readily foreseen by the purchaser of a hybrid instrument. Under certain conditions, the redemption value of a hybrid instrument could be zero. The purchase of hybrid instruments also exposes the Fund to the credit risk of the issuer of the hybrids. These risks may cause significant fluctuations in the net asset value of the Fund.

 

Certain hybrid instruments may provide exposure to the commodities markets. These are derivative securities with one or more commodity-linked components that have payment features similar to commodity futures contracts, commodity options, or similar instruments. Commodity-linked hybrid instruments may be either equity or debt securities, leveraged or unleveraged, and are considered hybrid instruments because they have both security and commodity-like characteristics. A portion of the value of these instruments may be derived from the value of a commodity, futures contract, index or other economic variable. The Fund will invest only in commodity-linked hybrid instruments that qualify under applicable rules of the CFTC for an exemption from the provisions of the CEA.  Certain issuers of structured products such as hybrid instruments may be deemed to be investment companies as defined in the 1940 Act. As a result, the Fund’s investments in these products may be subject to limits applicable to investments in investment companies and may be subject to restrictions contained in the 1940 Act.

Direct Investments

Direct investments include (i) the private purchase from an enterprise of an equity interest in the enterprise in the form of shares of common stock or equity interests in trusts, partnerships, joint ventures or similar enterprises, and (ii) the purchase of such an equity interest in an enterprise from a principal investor in the enterprise. At the time of making a direct investment, the Fund will enter into a shareholder or similar agreement with the enterprise and one or more other holders of equity interests in the enterprise. These agreements may, in appropriate circumstances, provide the ability to appoint a representative to the board of directors or similar body of the enterprise and for eventual disposition of the investment in the enterprise. Such a representative would be expected to monitor the investment and protect the Fund’s rights in the investment and would not be appointed for the purpose of exercising management or control of the enterprise.

Diversified Status

With respect to 75% of its total assets, an investment company that is registered with the SEC as a “diversified” fund: (1) may not invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of any one issuer (except obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities and securities of other investment companies); and (2) may not own more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer.

Dividend Capture Trading

In a typical dividend capture trade, the Fund would buy a stock prior to its ex-dividend date and sell the stock at a point either on or after the ex-dividend date.  The use of a dividend capture trading strategy exposes the Fund to higher portfolio turnover, increased trading costs and potential for capital loss or gain, particularly in the event of significant short-term price movements of stocks subject to dividend capture trading.



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Duration

Duration measures the time-weighted expected cash flows of a fixed-income security, which can determine its sensitivity to changes in the general level of interest rates. Securities with longer durations generally tend to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than securities with shorter durations. A mutual fund with a longer dollar-weighted average duration generally can be expected to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than a fund with a shorter dollar-weighted average duration. Duration differs from maturity in that it considers a security’s coupon payments in addition to the amount of time until the security matures. Various techniques may be used to shorten or lengthen Fund duration. As the value of a security changes over time, so will its duration.  The duration of a Fund that invests in multiple Portfolios is the sum of its allocable share of the duration of each of the Portfolios in which it invests, which is determined by multiplying the Portfolio’s duration by the Fund’s percentage ownership of that Portfolio.

Emerging Market Investments

The risks described under “Foreign Investments” herein generally are heightened in connection with investments in emerging markets.  Also, investments in securities of issuers domiciled in countries with emerging capital markets may involve certain additional risks that do not generally apply to investments in securities of issuers in more developed capital markets, such as (i) low or non-existent trading volume, resulting in a lack of liquidity and increased volatility in prices for such securities, as compared to securities of comparable issuers in more developed capital markets; (ii) uncertain national policies and social, political and economic instability, increasing the potential for expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxation, high rates of inflation or unfavorable diplomatic developments; (iii) possible fluctuations in exchange rates, differing legal systems and the existence or possible imposition of exchange controls, custodial restrictions or other foreign or U.S. governmental laws or restrictions applicable to such investments; (iv) national policies that may limit investment opportunities, such as restrictions on investment in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests; and (v) the lack or relatively early development of legal structures governing private and foreign investments and private property. Trading practices in emerging markets also may be less developed, resulting in inefficiencies relative to trading in more developed markets, which may result in increased transaction costs.  

 

Repatriation of investment income, capital and proceeds of sales by foreign investors may require governmental registration and/or approval in emerging market countries.  There can be no assurance that repatriation of income, gain or initial capital from these countries will occur.  In addition to withholding taxes on investment income, some countries with emerging markets may impose differential capital gains taxes on foreign investors.  

 

Political and economic structures in emerging market countries may undergo significant evolution and rapid development, and these countries may lack the social, political and economic stability characteristic of more developed countries. In such a dynamic environment, there can be no assurance that any or all of these capital markets will continue to present viable investment opportunities. In the past, governments of such nations have expropriated substantial amounts of private property, and most claims of the property owners have never been fully settled. There is no assurance that such expropriations will not reoccur. In such an event, it is possible that the entire value of an investment in the affected market could be lost. In addition, unanticipated political or social developments may affect the value of investments in these countries and the availability of additional investments. The small size and inexperience of the securities markets in certain of these countries and the limited volume of trading in securities in these countries may make investments in the countries illiquid and more volatile than investments in developed markets.

 

Also, there may be less publicly available information about issuers in emerging markets than would be available about issuers in more developed capital markets, and such issuers may not be subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those to which U.S. companies are subject. In certain countries with emerging capital markets, reporting standards vary widely. As a result, traditional investment measurements used in the United States, such as price/earnings ratios, may not be applicable. Certain emerging market securities may be held by a limited number of persons. This may adversely affect the timing and pricing of the acquisition or disposal of securities.  The prices at which investments may be acquired may be affected by trading by persons with material non-public information and by securities transactions by brokers in anticipation of transactions in particular securities.



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Practices in relation to settlement of securities transactions in emerging markets involve higher risks than those in developed markets, in part because brokers and counterparties in such markets may be less well capitalized, and custody and registration of assets in some countries may be unreliable. The possibility of fraud, negligence, undue influence being exerted by the issuer or refusal to recognize ownership exists in some emerging markets.  As an alternative to investing directly in emerging markets, exposure may be obtained through derivative investments.

 

The foregoing risks may be even greater in frontier markets. Frontier markets are countries with investable stock markets that are less established than those in the emerging markets. The economies of frontier market countries generally are smaller than those of traditional emerging market countries, and frontier capital markets and legal systems are typically less developed.

Equity Investments

Equity investments include common stocks; preferred stocks; depositary receipts; equity interests in trusts, partnerships, joint ventures and other unincorporated entities or enterprises; convertible and contingent convertible preferred stocks; rights and warrants and other securities that are treated as equity for U.S. federal income tax purposes (see “Preferred Stock” and “Hybrid Securities”).

Equity-Linked Securities

See also “Derivative Instruments and Related Risks” herein.  Equity-linked securities are privately issued securities whose investment results are designed to correspond generally to the performance of a specified stock index or “basket” of securities, or sometimes a single stock.  These securities are used for many of the same purposes as derivative instruments and share many of the same risks.  Equity-linked securities may be considered illiquid and thus subject to the Fund’s restrictions on investments in illiquid securities.

Event-Linked Securities

The Fund may obtain event-linked exposure by investing in “event-linked bonds”, “event-linked swaps” or other “event-linked securities”.  Event-linked securities are obligations for which the return of capital and dividend/interest payments are contingent on, or formulaically related to, the non-occurrence of a pre-defined “trigger” event. For some event-linked securities, the trigger event’s magnitude may be based on losses to a company or industry, industry indexes or readings of scientific instruments rather than specified actual losses.  Examples of trigger events include hurricanes, earthquakes, weather-related phenomena, or statistics relating to such events.

 

Some event-linked securities are referred to as “catastrophe bonds.” Catastrophe bonds entitled a Fund to receive principal and interest payments so long as no trigger event occurs of the description and magnitude specified by the instrument. If a trigger event occurs, the Fund may lose a portion of its entire principal invested in the bond.

 

Event-linked securities may be sponsored by government agencies, insurance companies or reinsurers and issued by special purpose corporations or other off-shore or on-shore entities (such special purpose entities are created to accomplish a narrow and well-defined objective, such as the issuance of a note in connection with a specific reinsurance transaction). Typically, event-linked securities are issued by off-shore entities and may be non-dollar denominated.  As a result, the Fund may be subject to currency risk.

 

Often, event-linked securities provide for extensions of maturity that are mandatory or optional at the discretion of the issuer or sponsor, in order to process and audit loss claims in those cases where a trigger event has, or possibly has, occurred. In addition to the specified trigger events, event-linked securities also may expose a Fund to certain unanticipated risks including but not limited to issuer risk, credit risk, counterparty risk, adverse regulatory or jurisdictional interpretations, and adverse tax consequences.  Event-linked securities are generally rated below investment grade or the unrated equivalent and have the same or similar risks as high yield debt securities (also known as junk bonds) and are subject to the risk that the Fund may lose some or all of its investment in such securities if the particular trigger occurs.  Event-linked securities may be rated by a nationally recognized statistical rating agency, but are often unrated. Frequently, the issuer of an event-linked security will use an independent risk model to calculate the probability and economic consequences of a trigger event.

 

Event-linked securities are a relatively new type of financial instrument. As such, there is no significant trading history of these securities, and there can be no assurance that a liquid market in these instruments will develop. Lack of a liquid market may impose the risk of higher transaction costs and the possibility that the Fund may be forced to liquidate positions when it would not be advantageous to do so.



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Event-linked securities typically are restricted to qualified institutional buyers and, therefore, are not subject to registration with the SEC or any state securities commission and are not always listed on any national securities exchange. The amount of public information available with respect to event-linked securities is generally less extensive than that which is available for issuers of registered or exchange listed securities. There can be no assurance that future regulatory determinations will not adversely affect the overall market for event-linked securities.

Exchange-Traded Funds (“ETFs”)

ETFs are pooled investment vehicles that are designed to provide investment results corresponding to an index. These indexes may be either broad-based, sector or international.  ETFs usually are units of beneficial interest in an investment trust or represent undivided ownership interests in a portfolio of securities (or commodities), in each case with respect to a portfolio of all or substantially all of the component securities of, and in substantially the same weighting as, the relevant benchmark index.  ETFs are designed to provide investment results that generally correspond to the price and yield performance of the component securities (or commodities) of the benchmark index. ETFs are listed on an exchange and trade in the secondary market on a per-share basis.   The values of ETFs are subject to change as the values of their respective component securities (or commodities) fluctuate according to market volatility.  Investments in ETFs may not exactly match the performance of a direct investment in the respective indices to which they are intended to correspond due to the temporary unavailability of certain index securities in the secondary market or other extraordinary circumstances, such as discrepancies with respect to the weighting of securities.  Typically, the ETF bears its own operational expenses, which are deducted from its assets. To the extent that the Fund invests in ETFs, the Fund must bear these expenses in addition to the expenses of its own operation.

Exchange-Traded Notes (“ETNs”)

ETNs are senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities whose returns are linked to the performance of a particular market benchmark or strategy minus applicable fees. ETNs are traded on an exchange during normal trading hours. However, investors can also hold the ETN until maturity. At maturity, the issuer pays to the investor a cash amount equal to the principal amount, subject to the day’s market benchmark or strategy factor.

 

ETNs do not make periodic coupon payments or provide principal protection. ETNs are subject to credit risk and the value of the ETN may drop due to a downgrade in the issuer’s credit rating, despite the underlying market benchmark or strategy remaining unchanged. The value of an ETN may also be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying assets, changes in the applicable interest rates, changes in the issuer’s credit rating, and economic, legal, political, or geographic events that affect the referenced underlying asset. When the Fund invests in ETNs it will bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses borne by the ETN. The Fund’s decision to sell its ETN holdings may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. In addition, although an ETN may be listed on an exchange, the issuer may not be required to maintain the listing and there can be no assurance that a secondary market will exist for an ETN.

 

ETNs are subject to tax risk. No assurance can be given that the IRS will accept, or a court will uphold, how the Fund characterizes and treats ETNs for tax purposes. Further, the IRS and Congress are considering proposals that would change the timing and character of income and gains from ETNs.

 

An ETN that is tied to a specific market benchmark or strategy may not be able to replicate and maintain exactly the composition and relative weighting of securities, commodities or other components in the applicable market benchmark or strategy. Some ETNs that use leverage can, at times, be relatively illiquid and, thus, they may be difficult to purchase or sell at a fair price. Leveraged ETNs are subject to the same risk as other instruments that use leverage in any form.

 

The market value of ETN shares may differ from that of their market benchmark or strategy. This difference in price may be due to the fact that the supply and demand in the market for ETN shares at any point in time is not always identical to the supply and demand in the market for the securities, commodities or other components underlying the market benchmark or strategy that the ETN seeks to track. As a result, there may be times when an ETN share trades at a premium or discount to its market benchmark or strategy.



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Fixed-Income Securities

Fixed-income securities include bonds, preferred, preference and convertible securities, notes, debentures, asset-backed securities (including those backed by mortgages), loan participations and assignments, equipment lease certificates, equipment trust certificates and conditional sales contracts. Generally, issuers of fixed-income securities pay investors periodic interest and repay the amount borrowed either periodically during the life of the security and/or at maturity.  Some fixed-income securities, such as zero coupon bonds, do not pay current interest, but are purchased at a discount from their face values, and values accumulate over time to face value at maturity.  The market prices of fixed-income securities fluctuate depending on such factors as interest rates, credit quality and maturity.  In general, market prices of fixed-income securities decline when interest rates rise and increase when interest rates fall. Fixed-income securities are subject to risk factors such as sensitivity to interest rate and real or perceived changes in economic conditions, payment expectations, liquidity and valuation.  Fixed-income securities with longer maturities (for example, over ten years) are more affected by changes in interest rates and provide less price stability than securities with short-term maturities (for example, one to ten years). Fixed-income securities bear the risk of principal and interest default by the issuer, which will be greater with higher yielding, lower grade securities. During an economic downturn, the ability of issuers to service their debt may be impaired.  The rating assigned to a fixed-income security by a rating agency does not reflect assessment of the volatility of the security’s market value or of the liquidity of an investment in the securities. Credit ratings are based largely on the issuer’s historical financial condition and a rating agency’s investment analysis at the time of rating, and the rating assigned to any particular security is not necessarily a reflection of the issuer’s current financial condition. Credit quality can change from time to time, and recently issued credit ratings may not fully reflect the actual risks posed by a particular high yield security. If relevant to the Fund(s) in this SAI, corporate bond ratings are described in an appendix to the SAI (see the table of contents).  Preferred stock and certain other hybrid securities may pay a fixed-dividend rate, but may be considered equity securities for purposes of a Fund’s investment restrictions (see “Preferred Stock” and “Hybrid Securities”).

Foreign Currency Transactions

As measured in U.S. dollars, the value of assets denominated in foreign currencies may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in foreign currency rates and exchange control regulations. Currency exchange rates can also be affected unpredictably by intervention by U.S. or foreign governments or central banks, or the failure to intervene, or by currency controls or political developments in the United States or abroad.  If the U.S. dollar rises in value relative to a foreign currency, a security denominated in that foreign currency will be worth less in U.S. dollars. If the U.S. dollar decreases in value relative to a foreign currency, a security denominated in that foreign currency will be worth more in U.S. dollars. A devaluation of a currency by a country’s government or banking authority will have a significant impact on the value of any investments denominated in that currency.  Foreign currency exchange transactions may be conducted on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market or through entering into derivative currency transactions (see “Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts,” “Option Contracts,” “Futures Contracts” and “Swap Agreements – Currency Swaps” herein).  Currency transactions are subject to the risk of a number of complex political and economic factors applicable to the countries issuing the underlying currencies. Furthermore, unlike trading in most other types of instruments, there is no systematic reporting of last sale information with respect to the foreign currencies underlying the derivative currency transactions. As a result, available information may not be complete. In an over-the-counter trading environment, there are no daily price fluctuation limits.

Foreign Investments

Investing in securities issued by companies whose principal business activities are outside the United States may involve significant risks not present in domestic investments. For example, because foreign companies may not be subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements and regulatory measures comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies, there may be less publicly available information about a foreign company than about a domestic company. Volume and liquidity in most foreign debt markets is less than in the United States and securities of some foreign companies are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies. There is generally less government supervision and regulation of securities exchanges, broker-dealers and listed companies than in the United States. In addition, with respect to certain foreign countries, there is the possibility of nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, currency blockage, political or social instability, or diplomatic developments, which could affect investments in those countries. Any of these actions could adversely affect securities prices, impair the Fund’s ability to purchase or sell foreign securities, or transfer the Fund’s assets or income back to the United States, or otherwise adversely affect Fund operations.  In the event of nationalization, expropriation or confiscation, the Fund could lose its entire investment in that country.  



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Other potential foreign market risks include exchange controls, difficulties in valuing securities, defaults on foreign government securities, and difficulties of enforcing favorable legal judgments in foreign courts.  Moreover, individual foreign economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross national product, reinvestment of capital, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, and balance of payments position. Certain economies may rely heavily on particular industries or foreign capital and are more vulnerable to diplomatic developments, the imposition of economic sanctions against a particular country or countries, changes in international trading patterns, trade barriers, and other protectionist or retaliatory measures.  Foreign securities markets, while growing in volume and sophistication, are generally not as developed as those in the United States.  Foreign countries may not have the infrastructure or resources to respond to natural and other disasters that interfere with economic activities, which may adversely affect issuers located in such countries.

 

Settlement and clearance procedures in certain foreign markets differ significantly from those in the United States. Payment for securities before delivery may be required and in some countries delayed settlements are customary, which increases the Fund’s risk of loss. The Fund generally holds its foreign securities and related cash in foreign banks and securities depositories. Some foreign banks and securities depositories may be recently organized or new to the foreign custody business. In addition, there may be limited or no regulatory oversight over their operations. Also, the laws of certain countries may put limits on the Fund’s ability to recover its assets if a foreign bank, depository or issuer of a security or any of their agents goes bankrupt.  Certain countries may require withholding on dividends paid on portfolio securities and on realized capital gains.

 

In addition, it is often more expensive to buy, sell and hold securities in certain foreign markets than in the United States. Foreign brokerage commissions are generally higher than commissions on securities traded in the United States and may be non-negotiable.  The fees paid to foreign banks and securities depositories generally are higher than those charged by U.S. banks and depositories.  The increased expense of investing in foreign markets reduces the amount earned on investments and typically results in a higher operating expense ratio for the Fund as compared to investment companies that invest only in the United States.

 

Depositary receipts (including American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts “GDRs”)) are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign issuer and are alternatives to directly purchasing the underlying foreign securities in their national markets and currencies. However, they continue to be subject to many of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities. These risks include the political and economic risks of the underlying issuer’s country, as well as in the case of depositary receipts traded on foreign markets, exchange risk.  Depositary receipts may be sponsored or unsponsored. Unsponsored depositary receipts are established without the participation of the issuer. As a result, available information concerning the issuer of an unsponsored depository receipt may not be as current as for sponsored depositary receipts, and the prices of unsponsored depositary receipts may be more volatile than if such instruments were sponsored by the issuer. Unsponsored depositary receipts may involve higher expenses, may not pass through voting or other shareholder rights and they may be less liquid.

 

Unless otherwise provided in the Prospectus, in determining the domicile of an issuer, the investment adviser may consider the domicile determination of the Fund’s benchmark index or a leading provider of global indexes and may take into account such factors as where the company’s securities are listed, and where the company is legally organized, maintains principal corporate offices and/or conducts its principal operations.

Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts

See also “Derivative Instruments and Related Risks” herein.  A forward foreign currency exchange contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts may be bought or sold to protect against an adverse change in the relationship between currencies or to increase exposure to a particular foreign currency. Cross-hedging may be done by using forward contracts in one currency (or basket of currencies) to hedge against fluctuations in the value of instruments denominated in a different currency (or the basket of currencies and the underlying currency). Use of a different foreign currency (for hedging or non-hedging purposes) magnifies exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. Forward foreign currency exchange contracts are individually negotiated and privately traded so they are dependent upon the creditworthiness of the counterparty. The precise matching of the forward contract amounts and the value of the instruments denominated in the corresponding currencies will not generally be possible. In addition, it may not be possible to hedge against long-term currency changes.



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When a currency is difficult to hedge or to hedge against the U.S. dollar, the Fund may enter into a forward contract to sell a currency whose changes in value are generally considered to be linked to such currency. Currency transactions can result in losses if the currency being hedged fluctuates in value to a degree or in a direction that is not anticipated. In addition, there is the risk that the perceived linkage between various currencies may not be present or may not be present during the particular time the hedge is in place. If the Fund purchases a bond denominated in a foreign currency with a higher interest rate than is available on U.S. bonds of a similar maturity, the additional yield on the foreign bond could be substantially reduced or lost if the Fund were to enter into a direct hedge by selling the foreign currency and purchasing the U.S. dollar.  

 

Some of the forward foreign currency exchange contracts may be classified as non-deliverable forwards (“NDFs”). NDFs are cash-settled, forward contracts that may be thinly traded. NDFs are commonly quoted for time periods of one month up to two years, and are normally quoted and settled in U.S. dollars, but may be settled in other currencies. They are often used to gain exposure to or hedge exposure to foreign currencies that are not internationally traded.  NDFs may also be used to gain or hedge exposure to gold.

Forward Rate Agreements

See also “Derivative Instruments and Related Risks” herein.  Under a forward rate agreement, the buyer locks in an interest rate at a future settlement date. If the interest rate on the settlement date exceeds the lock rate, the buyer pays the seller the difference between the two rates. If the lock rate exceeds the interest rate on the settlement date, the seller pays the buyer the difference between the two rates. Any such gain received by the Fund would be taxable.  These instruments are traded in the OTC market.

Futures Contracts

See also “Derivative Instruments and Related Risks” herein.  The Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts, but only when, in the judgment of the Adviser, such a position acts as a hedge.  The Fund may not enter into futures contracts for the purpose of speculation or leverage.  Futures contracts are standardized contracts that obligate a purchaser to take delivery, and a seller to make delivery, of a specific amount of the underlying reference instrument at a specified future date at a specified price.  These contracts are traded on exchanges, so that, in most cases, either party can close out its position on the exchange for cash, without delivering the underlying asset.  Upon purchasing or selling a futures contract, a purchaser or seller is required to deposit collateral (initial margin).  Each day thereafter until the futures position is closed, the purchaser or seller will pay additional margin (variation margin) representing any loss experienced as a result of the futures position the prior day or be entitled to a payment representing any profit experienced as a result of the futures position the prior day.  A public market exists in futures contracts covering a number of indexes as well as financial instruments and foreign currencies. It is expected that other futures contracts will be developed and traded in the future.  In computing daily net asset value, the Fund will mark to market its open futures positions. The Fund is also required to deposit and maintain margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it. Futures contracts are traded on exchanges or boards of trade that are licensed by the CFTC and must be executed through a futures commission merchant or brokerage firm that is a member of the relevant exchange or board.

 

Although some futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of the underlying reference instrument, generally these obligations are closed out prior to delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures contracts (same exchange, underlying security or index, and delivery month). Closing a futures contract sale is effected by purchasing a futures contract for the same aggregate amount of the specific type of financial instrument or commodity with the same delivery date. If an offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is more, the Fund realizes a capital loss. Conversely, if an offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is less, the Fund realizes a capital loss.

Health Sciences Companies

To the extent described in the Prospectus, the Fund may concentrate its investments in health sciences companies.



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High Yield Securities

High yield securities (commonly referred to as “junk”) are considered to be of below investment grade quality and generally provide greater income potential and/or increased opportunity for capital appreciation than investments in higher quality securities but they also typically entail greater potential price volatility and principal and income risk.  High yield securities are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the entity’s continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments.  Also, their yields and market values may fluctuate more than higher rated securities.  Fluctuations in value do not affect the cash income from the securities, but are reflected in the Fund’s net asset value.  The greater risks and fluctuations in yield and value occur, in part, because investors generally perceive issuers of lower rated and unrated securities to be less creditworthy. The secondary market on which high yield securities are traded may be less liquid than the market for higher grade securities.

Hybrid Securities

Hybrid securities generally possess characteristics common to both equity and debt securities. These securities may at times behave more like equity than debt, or vice versa. Preferred stocks, convertible securities and certain debt obligations are types of hybrid securities.  Hybrid securities generally have a preference over common stock in the event of the issuer’s liquidation and perpetual or near perpetual terms at time of issuance. Hybrid securities generally do not have voting rights or have limited voting rights.  Because hybrid securities have both debt and equity characteristics, their values vary in response to many factors, including general market and economic conditions, issuer-specific events, changes in interest rates, credit spreads and the credit quality of the issuer, and, for convertible securities, factors affecting the securities into which they convert.  Hybrid securities may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a predetermined price. Hybrid securities may pay a fixed or variable rate of interest or dividends. The prices and yields of nonconvertible hybrid securities generally move with changes in interest rates and the issuer’s credit quality, similar to the factors affecting debt securities. If the issuer of a hybrid security experiences financial difficulties, the value of such security may be adversely affected similar to the issuer’s outstanding common stock or subordinated debt instruments.  See also “Preferred Stock,” “Convertible Securities” and “Contingent Convertible Securities.”  

Illiquid Securities

Illiquid securities include securities legally restricted as to resale, and may include commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act and securities eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A thereunder. Section 4(a)(2) and Rule 144A securities may, however, be treated as liquid by the investment adviser pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board, which require consideration of factors such as trading activity, availability of market quotations and number of dealers willing to purchase the security. Even if determined to be liquid, Rule 144A securities may increase the level of portfolio illiquidity if eligible buyers become uninterested in purchasing such securities.

 

It may be difficult to sell illiquid securities at a price representing fair value until such time as the securities may be sold publicly. It also may be more difficult to determine the fair value of such securities for purposes of computing the Fund’s net asset value.  Where registration is required, a considerable period of time may elapse between a decision to sell the securities and the time when the Fund would be permitted to sell. Thus, the Fund may not be able to obtain as favorable a price as that prevailing at the time of the decision to sell. The Fund may incur additional expense when disposing of illiquid securities, including all or a portion of the cost to register the securities.  The Fund also may acquire securities through private placements under which it may agree to contractual restrictions on the resale of such securities that are in addition to applicable legal restrictions. Such restrictions might prevent the sale of such securities at a time when such sale would otherwise be desirable.

 

At times, a portion of the Fund’s assets may be invested in securities as to which the Fund, by itself or together with other accounts managed by the investment adviser and its affiliates, holds a major portion or all of such securities. Under adverse market or economic conditions or in the event of adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer, the Fund could find it more difficult to sell such securities when the investment adviser believes it advisable to do so or may be able to sell such securities only at prices lower than if such securities were more widely held.  It may also be more difficult to determine the fair value of such securities for purposes of computing the Fund’s net asset value.  See also “Restricted Securities.”



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Indexed Securities

See also “Derivative Instruments and Related Risks” herein.  Indexed securities are securities that fluctuate in value with an index. The interest rate or, in some cases, the principal payable at the maturity of an indexed security may change positively or inversely in relation to one or more interest rates, financial indices, securities prices or other financial indicators (“reference prices”). An indexed security may be leveraged to the extent that the magnitude of any change in the interest rate or principal payable on an indexed security is a multiple of the change in the reference price. Thus, indexed securities may decline in value due to adverse market changes in reference prices. Because indexed securities derive their value from another instrument, security or index, they are considered derivative debt securities, and are subject to different combinations of prepayment, extension, interest rate and/or other market risks. Indexed securities may include interest only (“IO”) and principal only (“PO”) securities, floating rate securities linked to the Cost of Funds Index (“COFI floaters”), other “lagging rate” floating securities, floating rate securities that are subject to a maximum interest rate (“capped floaters”), leveraged floating rate securities (“super floaters”), leveraged inverse floating rate securities (“inverse floaters”), dual index floaters, range floaters, index amortizing notes and various currency indexed notes.  Indexed securities may be issued by the U.S. Government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities or, if privately issued, collateralized by mortgages that are insured, guaranteed or otherwise backed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities.

Inflation-Indexed (or Inflation-Linked) Bonds

Inflation-indexed bonds are fixed-income securities the principal value of which is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. Inflation-indexed bonds are issued by governments, their agencies or instrumentalities and corporations. Two structures are common: The U.S. Treasury and some other issuers use a structure that accrues inflation into the principal value of the bond. Most other issuers pay out the inflation accruals as part of a semiannual coupon.  The principal amount of an inflation-indexed bond is adjusted in response to changes in the level of inflation.  Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed bonds, and therefore, the principal amount of such bonds cannot be reduced below par even during a period of deflation.  However, the current market value of these bonds is not guaranteed and will fluctuate, reflecting the risk of changes in their yields.  In certain jurisdictions outside the United States, the repayment of the original bond principal upon the maturity of an inflation-indexed bond is not guaranteed, allowing for the amount of the bond repaid at maturity to be less than par.  The interest rate for inflation-indexed bonds is fixed at issuance as a percentage of this adjustable principal.  Accordingly, the actual interest income may both rise and fall as the principal amount of the bonds adjusts in response to movements in the Consumer Price Index.  

 

The value of inflation-indexed bonds is expected to change in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates in turn are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. Therefore, if inflation were to rise at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation-indexed bonds. In contrast, if nominal interest rates increased at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-indexed bonds. While these securities are expected to be protected from long-term inflationary trends, short-term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in value. If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation (for example, due to changes in currency exchange rates), investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bond’s inflation measure.

Junior Loans

Due to their lower place in the borrower’s capital structure and possible unsecured status, certain loans (“Junior Loans”) involve a higher degree of overall risk than Senior Loans (described below) of the same borrower.  Junior Loans may be direct loans or purchased either in the form of an assignment or a loan participation.  Junior Loans are subject to the same general risks inherent in any loan investment (see “Loans” below). Junior Loans include secured and unsecured subordinated loans, as well as second lien loans and subordinated bridge loans. A second lien loan is generally second in line in terms of repayment priority and may have a claim on the same collateral pool as the first lien, or it may be secured by a separate set of assets. Second lien loans generally give investors priority over general unsecured creditors in the event of an asset sale.



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Bridge loans or bridge facilities are short-term loan arrangements (e.g., 12 to 18 months) typically made by a borrower in anticipation of intermediate-term or long-term permanent financing. Most bridge loans are structured as floating-rate debt with step-up provisions under which the interest rate on the bridge loan rises the longer the loan remains outstanding and may be converted into senior exchange notes if the loan has not been prepaid in full on or prior to its maturity date. Bridge loans may be subordinate to other debt and may be secured or unsecured. Bridge loans are generally made with the expectation that the borrower will be able to obtain permanent financing in the near future. Any delay in obtaining permanent financing subjects the bridge loan investor to increased risk. A borrower with an outstanding bridge loan may be unable to locate permanent financing to replace the bridge loan, which may impair the borrower’s perceived creditworthiness. From time to time, the Fund may make a commitment to participate in a bridge loan facility, obligating itself to participate in the facility if it funds. In return for this commitment, the Fund receives a fee.

 

For additional disclosure relating to investing in loans (including Junior Loans), see “Loans” below.  

Liquidity or Protective Put Agreements

See also “Derivative Instruments and Related Risks” herein.  The Fund may enter into a separate agreement with the seller of an instrument or some other person granting the Fund the right to put the instrument to the seller thereof or the other person at an agreed upon price.  Interest income generated by certain municipal bonds with put or demand features may be taxable.

Loans

Loans may be primary, direct investments or investments in loan assignments or participation interests.  A loan assignment represents a portion or the entirety of a loan and a portion of the entirety of a position previously attributable to a different lender. The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations under the loan agreement and has the same rights and obligations as the assigning investor.  However, assignments through private negotiations may cause the purchaser of an assignment to have different and more limited rights than those held by the assigning investor.  Loan participation interests are interests issued by a lender or other entity and represent a fractional interest in a loan. The Fund typically will have a contractual relationship only with the financial institution that issued the participation interest. As a result, the Fund may have the right to receive payments of principal, interest and any fees to which it is entitled only from the financial institution and only upon receipt by such entity of such payments from the borrower. In connection with purchasing a participation interest, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement, nor any rights with respect to any funds acquired by other investors through set-off against the borrower and the Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the loan in which it has purchased the participation interest. As a result, the Fund may assume the credit risk of both the borrower and the financial institution issuing the participation interest. In the event of the insolvency of the entity issuing a participation interest, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of such entity.

 

Loans may be originated by a lending agent, such as a financial institution or other entity, on behalf of a group or “syndicate” of loan investors (the “Loan Investors”).  In such a case, the agent administers the terms of the loan agreement and is responsible for the collection of principal, and interest payments from the borrower and the apportionment of these payments to the Loan Investors. Failure by the agent to fulfill its obligations may delay or adversely affect receipt of payment by the Fund. Furthermore, unless under the terms of a loan agreement or participation (as applicable) the Fund has direct recourse against the borrower, the Fund must rely on the Agent and the other Loan Investors to pursue appropriate remedies against the borrower.

 

Loan investments may be made at par or at a discount or premium to par.  The interest payable on a loan may be fixed or floating rate, and paid in cash or in-kind.  In connection with transactions in loans, the Fund may be subject to facility or other fees.  Loans may be secured by specific collateral or other assets of the borrower, guaranteed by a third party, unsecured or subordinated.  During the term of a loan, the value of any collateral securing the loan may decline in value, causing the loan to be under collateralized. Collateral may consist of assets that may not be readily liquidated, and there is no assurance that the liquidation of such assets would satisfy fully a borrower’s obligations under the loan. In addition, if a loan is foreclosed, the Fund could become part owner of the collateral and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of such collateral.



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A lender’s repayment and other rights primarily are determined by governing loan, assignment or participation documents, which (among other things) typically establish the priority of payment on the loan relative to other indebtedness and obligations of the borrower.  In the event of bankruptcy, applicable law may impact a lender’s ability to enforce its rights under such documents.  Investing in loans involves the risk of default by the borrower or other party obligated to repay the loan.  In the event of insolvency of the borrower or other obligated party, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of such entity unless it has rights that are senior to that of other creditors or secured by specific collateral or assets of the borrower.  Fixed-rate loans are also subject to the risk that their value will decline in a rising interest rate environment.  This risk is mitigated for floating-rate loans, where the interest rate payable on the loan resets periodically by reference to a base lending rate.  The base lending rate usually is the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), the Federal Reserve federal funds rate, the prime rate or other base lending rates used by commercial lenders. LIBOR usually is an average of the interest rates quoted by several designated banks as the rates at which they pay interest to major depositors in the London interbank market on U.S. dollar-denominated deposits.

 

The Fund will take whatever action it considers appropriate in the event of anticipated financial difficulties, default or bankruptcy of the borrower or other entity obligated to repay a loan. Such action may include: (i) retaining the services of various persons or firms (including affiliates of the investment adviser) to evaluate or protect any collateral or other assets securing the loan or acquired as a result of any such event; (ii) managing (or engaging other persons to manage) or otherwise dealing with any collateral or other assets so acquired; and (iii) taking such other actions (including, but not limited to, payment of operating or similar expenses relating to the collateral) as the investment adviser may deem appropriate to reduce the likelihood or severity of loss on the Fund’s investment and/or maximize the return on such investment.  The Fund will incur additional expenditures in taking protective action with respect to loans in (or anticipated to be in) default and assets securing such loans.  In certain circumstances, the Fund may receive equity or equity-like securities from a borrower to settle the loan or may acquire an equity interest in the borrower.  Representatives of the Fund also may join creditor or similar committees relating to loans.

 

Lenders can be sued by other creditors and the debtor and its shareholders. Losses could be greater than the original loan amount and occur years after the loan’s recovery. If a borrower becomes involved in bankruptcy proceedings, a court may invalidate the Fund’s security interest in any loan collateral or subordinate the Fund’s rights under the loan agreement to the interests of the borrower’s unsecured creditors or cause interest previously paid to be refunded to the borrower. There are also other events, such as the failure to perfect a security interest due to faulty documentation or faulty official filings, which could lead to the invalidation of the Fund’s security interest in loan collateral. If any of these events occur, the Fund’s performance could be negatively affected.

 

Interests in loans generally are not listed on any national securities exchange or automated quotation system and no active market may exist for many loans, making them illiquid. As described below, a secondary market exists for many Senior Loans, but it may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods.

 

From time to time the investment adviser and its affiliates may borrow money from various banks in connection with their business activities. Such banks may also sell interests in loans to or acquire them from the Fund or may be intermediate participants with respect to loans in which the Fund owns interests. Such banks may also act as agents for loans held by the Fund.

 

To the extent that legislation or state or federal regulators that regulate certain financial institutions impose additional requirements or restrictions with respect to the ability of such institutions to make loans, particularly in connection with highly leveraged transactions, the availability of loans for investment may be adversely affected. Further, such legislation or regulation could depress the market value of loans.

 

For additional disclosures relating to Junior and Senior Loans, see “Junior Loans” and “Senior Loans” herein.

Master Limited Partnerships (“MLPs”)

MLPs are publicly-traded limited partnership interests or units. An MLP that invests in a particular industry (e.g., oil and gas) will be harmed by detrimental economic events within that industry. As partnerships, MLPs may be subject to less regulation (and less protection for investors) under state laws than corporations. In addition, MLPs may be subject to state taxation in certain jurisdictions, which may reduce the amount of income paid by an MLP to its investors.



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Mortgage-Backed Securities (“MBS”)

MBS are “pass through” securities, meaning that a pro rata share of regular interest and principal payments, as well as unscheduled early prepayments, on the underlying mortgage pool is passed through monthly to the holder.  MBS may include conventional mortgage pass through securities, participation interests in pools of adjustable and fixed rate mortgage loans, stripped mortgage-backed securities (described herein), floating rate mortgage-backed securities and certain classes of multiple class CMOs. MBS pay principal to the holder over their term, which differs from other forms of debt securities that normally provide for principal payment at maturity or specified call dates. MBS are subject to the general risks associated with investing in real estate securities; that is, they may lose value if the value of the underlying real estate to which a pool of mortgages relates declines.  In addition, investments in MBS involve certain specific risks, including the failure of a party to meet its commitments under the related operative documents, adverse interest rate changes and the effects of prepayments on mortgage cash flows and that any guarantee or other structural feature, if present, is insufficient to enable the timely payment of interest and principal on the MBS. Although certain MBS are guaranteed as to timely payment of interest and principal by a government-sponsored enterprise, the market price for such securities is not guaranteed and will fluctuate.  Certain MBS may be purchased on a when-issued basis subject to certain limitations and requirements.

 

There are currently four types of MBS: (1) those issued by the U.S. Government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”); (2) those issued by private issuers that represent an interest in or are collateralized by pass through securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities; (3) those issued by the U.S. Government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities without a government guarantee, such as credit risk transfer bonds; and (4) those issued by private issuers that represent an interest in or are collateralized by whole mortgage loans or pass through securities without a government guarantee but that usually have some form of private credit enhancement.  Privately issued MBS are structured similar to GNMA, FNMA and FHLMC MBS, and are issued by originators or and investors in mortgage loans, including depositary institutions mortgage banks and special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing.

 

GNMA Certificates and FNMA Mortgage-Backed Certificates are MBS representing part ownership of a pool of mortgage loans. GNMA loans (issued by lenders such as mortgage bankers, commercial banks and savings and loan associations) are either insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration. A pool of such mortgages is assembled and, after being approved by GNMA, is offered to investors through securities dealers. Once such pool is approved by GNMA, the timely payment of interest and principal on the Certificates issued representing such pool is guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. GNMA is a wholly owned U.S. Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development.  FNMA, a federally chartered corporation owned entirely by private stockholders, purchases both conventional and federally insured or guaranteed residential mortgages from various entities, including savings and loan associations, savings banks, commercial banks, credit unions and mortgage bankers, and packages pools of such mortgages in the form of pass-through securities generally called FNMA Mortgage-Backed Certificates, which are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government; however, they are supported by the right of FNMA to borrow from the U.S. Treasury Department.

 

 FHLMC, a corporate instrumentality of the U.S. Government created by Congress for the purposes of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing, issues participation certificates (“PCs”) representing undivided interest in FHLMC’S mortgage portfolio. While FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of the principal of its PCs, its PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. FHLMC PCs differ from GNMA Certificates in that the mortgages underlying the PCs are monthly “conventional” mortgages rather than mortgages insured or guaranteed by a federal agency or instrumentality. However, in several other respects, such as the monthly pass-through of interest and principal (including unscheduled prepayments) and the unpredictability of future unscheduled prepayments on the underlying mortgage pools, FHLMC PCs are similar to GNMA Certificates.  



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While it is not possible to accurately predict the life of a particular issue of MBS, the actual life of any such security is likely to be substantially less than the final maturities of the mortgage loans underlying the security. This is because unscheduled early prepayments of principal on MBS will result from the prepayment, refinancings or foreclosure of the underlying mortgage loans in the mortgage pool. Prepayments of MBS may not be able to be reinvested at the same interest rate.  Because of the regular scheduled payments of principal and the early unscheduled prepayments of principal, MBS are less effective than other types of obligations as a means of “locking-in” attractive long-term interest rates. As a result, this type of security may have less potential for capital appreciation during periods of declining interest rates than other U.S. Government securities of comparable maturities, although many issues of MBS may have a comparable risk of decline in market value during periods of rising interest rates. If MBS are purchased at a premium above their par value, a scheduled payment of principal and an unscheduled prepayment of principal, which would be made at par, will accelerate the realization of a loss equal to that portion of the premium applicable to the payment or prepayment. If MBS have been purchased at a discount from their par value, both a scheduled payment of principal and an unscheduled prepayment of principal will increase current returns and will accelerate the recognition of income, which, when distributed to Fund shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income.

Mortgage Dollar Rolls

In a mortgage dollar roll, the Fund sells MBS for delivery in the current month and simultaneously contracts to repurchase substantially similar (same type, coupon and maturity) MBS on a specified future date. During the roll period, the Fund forgoes principal and interest paid on the MBS.  The Fund is compensated by the difference between the current sales price and the lower forward price for the future purchase (often referred to as the “drop”) as well as by the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sales. Cash proceeds may be invested in instruments that are permissible investments for the Fund.  The use of mortgage dollar rolls is a speculative technique involving leverage.  A “covered roll” is a specific type of dollar roll for which there is an offsetting cash position or permissible liquid assets earmarked or in a segregated account to secure the obligation for the forward commitment to buy MBS, or a cash equivalent security position that matures on or before the forward settlement date of the dollar roll transaction. The Fund will enter into only covered rolls. Covered rolls are not treated as a borrowing or other senior security and will be excluded from the calculation of the Fund’s borrowings and other senior securities.

Municipal Lease Obligations (“MLOs”)

MLOs are obligations in the form of a lease, installment purchase or conditional sales contract (which typically provide for the title to the leased asset to pass to the governmental issuer) that is issued by state or local governments to acquire equipment and facilities. Interest income from MLOs is generally exempt from local and state taxes in the state of issuance.  MLOs, like other municipal debt obligations, are subject to the risk of non-payment. Although MLOs do not constitute general obligations of the issuer for which the issuer’s unlimited taxing power is pledged, a lease obligation is frequently backed by the issuer’s covenant to budget for, appropriate and make the payments due under the lease obligation.  However, certain lease obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses, which provide that the issuer has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. Although “non-appropriation” lease obligations may be secured by the leased property, disposition of the property in the event of foreclosure might prove difficult. Participations in municipal leases are undivided interests in a portion of the total obligation. Participations entitle their holders to receive a pro rata share of all payments under the lease.



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MLOs and participations therein represent a type of financing that may not have the depth of marketability associated with more conventional securities and, as such, they may be less liquid than conventional securities.  Certain MLOs may be deemed illiquid for the purpose of the Fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities, unless determined by the investment adviser, pursuant to guidelines adopted by the Board, to be liquid securities. The investment adviser will consider an MLO to be liquid if it is rated investment grade (being an MLO rated BBB or Baa or higher) by a nationally recognized statistical ratings organization or is insured by an insurer rated investment grade.  If an MLO or participation does not meet the foregoing criteria, then the investment adviser will consider the MLO to be illiquid unless it conducts an analysis of relevant factors and concludes that the MLO is liquid.  In conducting such an analysis, the investment adviser will consider the factors it believes are relevant to the marketability of the obligation, to the extent that information regarding such factor is available to the investment adviser and pertinent to the liquidity determination, which may include: (1) the willingness of dealers to bid for the obligation; (2) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the obligation and the number of other potential buyers; (3) the frequency of trades and quotes for the obligation; (4) the nature of the marketplace trades, including the time needed to dispose of the obligation, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of transfer; (5) the willingness of the governmental issuer to continue to appropriate funds for the payment of the obligation; (6) how likely or remote an event of non-appropriation may be, which depends in varying degrees on a variety of factors, including those relating to the general creditworthiness of the governmental issuer, its dependence on its continuing access to the credit markets, and the importance to the issuer of the equipment, property or facility covered by the lease or contract; (7) an assessment of the likelihood that the lease may or may not be cancelled; and (8) other factors and information unique to the obligation in determining its liquidity.

 

The ability of issuers of MLOs to make timely lease payments may be adversely impacted in general economic downturns and as relative governmental cost burdens are allocated and reallocated among federal, state and local governmental units. Such non-payment would result in a reduction of income from and value of the obligation. Issuers of MLOs might seek protection under the bankruptcy laws. In the event of bankruptcy of such an issuer, holders of MLOs could experience delays and limitations with respect to the collection of principal and interest on such MLOs and may not, in all circumstances, be able to collect all principal and interest to which it is entitled. To enforce its rights in the event of a default in lease payments, the Fund might take possession of and manage the assets securing the issuer’s obligations on such securities or otherwise incur costs to protect its rights, which may increase the Fund’s operating expenses and adversely affect the net asset value of the Fund. When the lease contains a non-appropriation clause, however, the failure to pay would not be a default and the Fund would not have the right to take possession of the assets. Any income derived from the Fund’s ownership or operation of such assets may not be tax-exempt.

Municipal Obligations

Municipal obligations include debt obligations issued to obtain funds for various public purposes, including the construction of a wide range of public facilities, refunding of outstanding obligations and obtaining funds for general operating expenses and loans to other public institutions and facilities.  Certain types of bonds are issued by or on behalf of public authorities to finance various privately owned or operated facilities, including certain facilities for the local furnishing of electric energy or gas, sewage facilities, solid waste disposal facilities and other specialized facilities. Municipal obligations include bonds as well as tax-exempt commercial paper, project notes and municipal notes such as tax, revenue and bond anticipation notes of short maturity, generally less than three years. While most municipal bonds pay a fixed rate of interest semiannually in cash, there are exceptions. Some bonds pay no periodic cash interest, but rather make a single payment at maturity representing both principal and interest. Some bonds may pay interest at a variable or floating rate.  Bonds may be issued or subsequently offered with interest coupons materially greater or less than those then prevailing, with price adjustments reflecting such deviation.  Municipal obligations also include trust certificates representing interests in municipal securities held by a trustee. The trust certificates may evidence ownership of future interest payments, principal payments or both on the underlying securities.



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In general, there are three categories of municipal obligations, the interest on which is exempt from federal income tax and is not a tax preference item for purposes of the alternative minimum tax (“AMT”): (i) certain “public purpose” obligations (whenever issued), which include obligations issued directly by state and local governments or their agencies to fulfill essential governmental functions; (ii) certain obligations issued before August 8, 1986 for the benefit of non-governmental persons or entities; and (iii) certain “private activity bonds” issued after August 7, 1986, which include “qualified Section 501(c)(3) bonds” or refundings of certain obligations included in the second category. Opinions relating to the validity of municipal bonds, exclusion of municipal bond interest from an investor’s gross income for federal income tax purposes and, where applicable, state and local income tax, are rendered by bond counsel to the issuing authorities at the time of issuance.

 

Interest on certain “private activity bonds” issued after August 7, 1986 is exempt from regular federal income tax, but such interest (including a distribution by the Fund derived from such interest) is treated as a tax preference item that could subject the recipient to or increase the recipient’s liability for the AMT. For corporate shareholders, the Fund’s distributions derived from interest on all municipal obligations (whenever issued) are included in “adjusted current earnings” for purposes of the AMT as applied to corporations (to the extent not already included in alternative minimum taxable income as income attributable to private activity bonds).

 

The two principal classifications of municipal bonds are “general obligation” and “revenue” bonds. Issuers of general obligation bonds include states, counties, cities, towns and regional districts. The proceeds of these obligations are used to fund a wide range of public projects, including the construction or improvement of schools, highways and roads, water and sewer systems and a variety of other public purposes. The basic security of general obligation bonds is the issuer’s pledge of its faith, credit, and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. The taxes that can be levied for the payment of debt service may be limited or unlimited as to rate and amount.

 

Typically, the only security for a limited obligation or revenue bond is the net revenue derived from a particular facility or class of facilities financed thereby or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special tax or other special revenues. Revenue bonds have been issued to fund a wide variety of revenue-producing public capital projects including: electric, gas, water and sewer systems; highways, bridges and tunnels; port and airport facilities; colleges and universities; hospitals; and convention, recreational, tribal gaming and housing facilities. Although the security behind these bonds varies widely, many lower rated bonds provide additional security in the form of a debt service reserve fund that may also be used to make principal and interest payments on the issuer's obligations. In addition, some revenue obligations (as well as general obligations) are insured by a bond insurance company or backed by a letter of credit issued by a banking institution.  Revenue bonds also include, for example, pollution control, health care and housing bonds, which, although nominally issued by municipal authorities, are generally not secured by the taxing power of the municipality but by the revenues of the authority derived from payments by the private entity that owns or operates the facility financed with the proceeds of the bonds. Obligations of housing finance authorities have a wide range of security features, including reserve funds and insured or subsidized mortgages, as well as the net revenues from housing or other public projects. Many of these bonds do not generally constitute the pledge of the credit of the issuer of such bonds. The credit quality of such revenue bonds is usually directly related to the credit standing of the user of the facility being financed or of an institution which provides a guarantee, letter of credit or other credit enhancement for the bond issue.  The Fund may on occasion acquire revenue bonds that carry warrants or similar rights covering equity securities. Such warrants or rights may be held indefinitely, but if exercised, the Fund anticipates that it would, under normal circumstances, dispose of any equity securities so acquired within a reasonable period of time.  Investing in revenue bonds may involve (without limitation) the following risks.

 

Hospital bond ratings are often based on feasibility studies that contain projections of expenses, revenues and occupancy levels.   A hospital’s income available to service its debt may be influenced by demand for hospital services, management capabilities, the service area economy, efforts by insurers and government agencies to limit rates and expenses, competition, availability and expense of malpractice insurance, and Medicaid and Medicare funding.



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Education-related bonds are comprised of two types: (i) those issued to finance projects for public and private colleges and universities, charter schools and private schools, and (ii) those representing pooled interests in student loans. Bonds issued to supply educational institutions with funding are subject to many risks, including the risks of unanticipated revenue decline, primarily the result of decreasing student enrollment, decreasing state and federal funding, or changes in general economic conditions. Additionally, higher than anticipated costs associated with salaries, utilities, insurance or other general expenses could impair the ability of a borrower to make annual debt service payments. Student loan revenue bonds are generally offered by state (or sub-state) authorities or commissions and are backed by pools of student loans. Underlying student loans may be guaranteed by state guarantee agencies and may be subject to reimbursement by the United States Department of Education through its guaranteed student loan program. Others may be private, uninsured loans made to parents or students that may be supported by reserves or other forms of credit enhancement. Cash flows supporting student loan revenue bonds are impacted by numerous factors, including the rate of student loan defaults, seasoning of the loan portfolio, and student repayment deferral periods of forbearance. Other risks associated with student loan revenue bonds include potential changes in federal legislation regarding student loan revenue bonds, state guarantee agency reimbursement and continued federal interest and other program subsidies currently in effect.

 

Transportation debt may be issued to finance the construction of airports, toll roads, highways, or other transit facilities. Airport bonds are dependent on the economic conditions of the airport’s service area and may be affected by the business strategies and fortunes of specific airlines. They may also be subject to competition from other airports and modes of transportation. Air traffic generally follows broader economic trends and is also affected by the price and availability of fuel. Toll road bonds are also affected by the cost and availability of fuel as well as toll levels, the presence of competing roads and the general economic health of an area. Fuel costs, transportation taxes and fees, and availability of fuel also affect other transportation-related securities, as do the presence of alternate forms of transportation, such as public transportation.

 

Industrial development bonds are normally secured only by the revenues from the project and not by state or local government tax payments, they are subject to a wide variety of risks, many of which relate to the nature of the specific project. Generally, IDBs are sensitive to the risk of a slowdown in the economy.

Electric utilities face problems in financing large construction programs in an inflationary period, cost increases and delay occasioned by safety and environmental considerations (particularly with respect to nuclear facilities), difficulty in obtaining fuel at reasonable prices, and in achieving timely and adequate rate relief from regulatory commissions, effects of energy conservation and limitations on the capacity of the capital market to absorb utility debt.

Water and sewer revenue bonds are generally secured by the fees charged to each user of the service. The issuers of water and sewer revenue bonds generally enjoy a monopoly status and latitude in their ability to raise rates. However, lack of water supply due to insufficient rain, run-off, or snow pack can be a concern and has led to past defaults. Further, public resistance to rate increases, declining numbers of customers in a particular locale, costly environmental litigation, and federal environmental mandates are challenges faced by issuers of water and sewer bonds.



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The obligations of any person or entity to pay the principal of and interest on a municipal obligation are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the Federal Bankruptcy Act, and laws, if any, that may be enacted by Congress or state legislatures extending the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations. Certain bond structures may be subject to the risk that a taxing authority may issue an adverse ruling regarding tax-exempt status.  There is also the possibility that as a result of adverse economic conditions (including unforeseen financial events, natural disasters and other conditions that may affect an issuer’s ability to pay its obligations), litigation or other conditions, the power or ability of any person or entity to pay when due principal of and interest on a municipal obligation may be materially affected or interest and principal previously paid may be required to be refunded. There have been instances of defaults and bankruptcies involving municipal obligations that were not foreseen by the financial and investment communities. The Fund will take whatever action it considers appropriate in the event of anticipated financial difficulties, default or bankruptcy of either the issuer of any municipal obligation or of the underlying source of funds for debt service. Such action may include: (i) retaining the services of various persons or firms (including affiliates of the investment adviser) to evaluate or protect any real estate, facilities or other assets securing any such obligation or acquired by the Fund as a result of any such event; (ii) managing (or engaging other persons to manage) or otherwise dealing with any real estate, facilities or other assets so acquired; and (iii) taking such other actions as the adviser (including, but not limited to, payment of operating or similar expenses of the underlying project) may deem appropriate to reduce the likelihood or severity of loss on the fund’s investment.  The Fund will incur additional expenditures in taking protective action with respect to portfolio obligations in (or anticipated to be in) default and assets securing such obligations.

 

Historically, municipal bankruptcies have been rare and certain provisions of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code governing such bankruptcy are unclear. Further, the application of state law to municipal obligation issuers could produce varying results among the states or among municipal obligation issuers within a state. These uncertainties could have a significant impact on the prices of the municipal obligations in which the Fund invests.  There could be economic, business or political developments or court decisions that adversely affect all municipal obligations in the same sector.  Developments such as changes in healthcare regulations, environmental considerations related to construction, construction cost increases and labor problems, failure of healthcare facilities to maintain adequate occupancy levels, and inflation can affect municipal obligations in the same sector.  As the similarity in issuers of municipal obligations held by the Fund increases, the potential for fluctuations in the Fund’s share price also may increase.

 

The secondary market for some municipal obligations issued within a state (including issues that are privately placed with the Fund) is less liquid than that for taxable debt obligations or other more widely traded municipal obligations.  No established resale market exists for certain of the municipal obligations in which the Fund may invest. The market for obligations rated below investment grade is also likely to be less liquid than the market for higher rated obligations. As a result, the Fund may be unable to dispose of these municipal obligations at times when it would otherwise wish to do so at the prices at which they are valued.

Municipal obligations that are rated below investment grade but that, subsequent to the assignment of such rating, are backed by escrow accounts containing U.S. Government obligations may be determined by the investment adviser to be of investment grade quality for purposes of the Fund’s investment policies. In the case of a defaulted obligation, the Fund may incur additional expense seeking recovery of its investment. Defaulted obligations are denoted in the “Portfolio of Investments” in the “Financial Statements” included in the Fund’s reports to shareholders.

The yields on municipal obligations depend on a variety of factors, including purposes of the issue and source of funds for repayment, general money market conditions, general conditions of the municipal bond market, size of a particular offering, maturity of the obligation and rating of the issue. The ratings of Moody’s, S&P and Fitch represent their opinions as to the quality of the municipal obligations which they undertake to rate, and in the case of insurers, other factors including the claims-paying ability of such insurer. It should be emphasized, however, that ratings are based on judgment and are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, municipal obligations with the same maturity, coupon and rating may have different yields while obligations of the same maturity and coupon with different ratings may have the same yield. In addition, the market price of such obligations will normally fluctuate with changes in interest rates, and therefore the net asset value of the Fund will be affected by such changes.



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Operational Risk

The Fund’s service providers, including the investment adviser, may experience disruptions or operating errors that could negatively impact the Fund. While service providers are expected to have appropriate operational risk management policies and procedures, their methods of operational risk management may differ from the Fund's in the setting of priorities, the personnel and resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. It also is not possible for Fund service providers to identify all of the operational risks that may affect the Fund or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. In addition, due to operational issues, the Fund's ability to correct material NAV errors at the shareholder level may be limited if such error is discovered more than one year after the error has occurred. The Fund will work with applicable service providers and the exchange to seek to correct any such errors at the shareholder level, but there is no guarantee the Fund will be able to do so.

Option Contracts

See also “Derivative Instruments and Related Risks” herein.  An option contract is a contract that gives the holder of the option, in return for a premium, the right to buy from (in the case of a call) or sell to (in the case of a put) the writer of the option the reference instrument underlying the option (or the cash value of the index) at a specified exercise price at any time during the term of the option. The writer of an option on a security has the obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the reference instrument (or the cash) upon payment of the exercise price or to pay the exercise price upon delivery of the reference instrument (or the cash). Upon exercise of an index option, the writer of an option on an index is obligated to pay the difference between the cash value of the index and the exercise price multiplied by the specified multiplier for the index option. Options may be “covered,” meaning that the party required to deliver the reference instrument if the option is exercised owns that instrument (or has set aside sufficient assets to meet its obligation to deliver the instrument).  Options may be listed on an exchange or traded in the OTC market.  In general, exchange-traded options have standardized exercise prices and expiration dates and may require the parties to post margin against their obligations, and the performance of the parties' obligations in connection with such options is guaranteed by the exchange or a related clearing corporation. OTC options have more flexible terms negotiated between the buyer and the seller, but generally do not require the parties to post margin and are subject to counterparty risk.  The ability of the Fund to transact business with any one or any number of counterparties, the lack of any independent evaluation of the counterparties or their financial capabilities, and the absence of a regulated market to facilitate settlement, may increase the potential for losses to the Fund.  OTC options also involve greater liquidity risk.  This risk may be increased in times of financial stress, if the trading market for OTC derivative contracts becomes limited.  The staff of the SEC takes the position that certain purchased OTC options, and assets used as cover for written OTC options, are illiquid.  Derivatives on economic indicators generally are offered in an auction format and are booked and settled as OTC options.  Options on futures contracts are discussed herein under “Futures Contracts.”

 

If a written option expires unexercised, the Fund realizes a capital gain equal to the premium received at the time the option was written. If a purchased option expires unexercised, the Fund realizes a capital loss equal to the premium paid. Prior to the earlier of exercise or expiration, an exchange traded option may be closed out by an offsetting purchase or sale of an option of the same series (type, exchange, reference instrument, exercise price, and expiration). A capital gain will be realized from a closing purchase transaction if the cost of the closing option is less than the premium received from writing the option, or, if it is more, a capital loss will be realized. If the premium received from a closing sale transaction is more than the premium paid to purchase the option, the Fund will realize a capital gain or, if it is less, the Fund will realize a capital loss. The principal factors affecting the market value of a put or a call option include supply and demand, the current market price of the reference instrument in relation to the exercise price of the option, the volatility of the reference instrument, and the time remaining until the expiration date.  There can be no assurance that a closing purchase or sale transaction can be consummated when desired.

 

Straddles are a combination of a call and a put written on the same reference instrument. A straddle is deemed to be covered when sufficient assets are deposited to meet the Fund’s immediate obligations. The same liquid assets may be used to cover both the call and put options where the exercise price of the call and put are the same, or the exercise price of the call is higher than that of the put.  The Fund may also buy and write call options on the same reference instrument to cover its obligations.  Because such combined options positions involve multiple trades, they result in higher transaction costs and may be more difficult to open or close.  In an equity collar, the Fund simultaneously writes a call option and purchases a put option on the same instrument.



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To the extent that the Fund writes a call option on an instrument it holds and intends to use such instrument as the sole means of “covering” its obligation under the call option, the Fund has, in return for the premium on the option, given up the opportunity to profit from a price increase in the instrument above the exercise price during the option period, but, as long as its obligation under such call option continues, has retained the risk of loss should the value of the reference instrument decline. If the Fund were unable to close out such a call option, it would not be able to sell the instrument unless the option expired without exercise.  Uncovered calls have speculative characteristics and are riskier than covered calls because there is no instrument or cover held by the Fund that can act as a partial hedge.    

 

The writer of an option has no control over the time when it may be required to fulfill its obligation under the option. Once an option writer has received an exercise notice, it cannot effect a closing purchase transaction in order to terminate its obligation under the option and must deliver the underlying reference instrument at the exercise price. If a put or call option purchased by the Fund is not sold when it has remaining value, and if the market price of the underlying security remains equal to or greater than the exercise price (in the case of a put), or remains less than or equal to the exercise price (in the case of a call), the Fund will lose the premium it paid for the option.  Furthermore, if trading restrictions or suspensions are imposed on options markets, the Fund may be unable to close out a position.

 

Options positions are marked to market daily. The value of options is affected by changes in the value and dividend rates of the securities underlying the option or represented in the index underlying the option, changes in interests rates, changes in the actual or perceived volatility of the relevant index or market and the remaining time to the options’ expiration, as well as trading conditions in the options market. The hours of trading for options may not conform to the hours during which the underlying securities are traded. To the extent that the options markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that would not be reflected concurrently in the options markets.

Option Strategy

The Fund implements the Option Strategy or Enhancement Strategy, as further described under “Investment Objective & Principal Policies and Risks” in the Prospectus, whereby it writes a series of call and put option spread combinations on the S&P 500 Composite Stock Price Index (S&P 500 Index) and/or a proxy for the S&P 500 Index (such as SPDR Trust Series I units (SPDRs)).

Participation in the ReFlow Liquidity Program

The Fund may participate in the ReFlow liquidity program, which is designed to provide an alternative liquidity source for mutual funds experiencing net redemptions of their shares. Pursuant to the program, ReFlow Fund, LLC (“ReFlow”) provides participating mutual funds with a source of cash to meet net shareholder redemptions by standing ready each business day to purchase fund shares up to the value of the net shares redeemed by other shareholders that are to settle the next business day. Following purchases of fund shares, ReFlow then generally redeems those shares when the fund experiences net sales, at the end of a maximum holding period determined by ReFlow (currently 28 days) or at other times at ReFlow’s discretion.  While ReFlow holds fund shares, it will have the same rights and privileges with respect to those shares as any other shareholder.  For use of the ReFlow service, a fund pays a fee to ReFlow each time it purchases fund shares, calculated by applying to the purchase amount a fee rate determined through an automated daily auction among participating mutual funds. Such fee is allocated among a fund’s share classes based on relative net assets.  ReFlow’s purchases of fund shares through the liquidity program are made on an investment-blind basis without regard to the fund’s investment objective, policies or anticipated performance.  In accordance with federal securities laws, ReFlow is prohibited from acquiring more than 3% of the outstanding voting securities of a fund. ReFlow will purchase Class I or Institutional Class shares (or, if applicable Class A or Investor Class shares) at net asset value and will not be subject to any sales charge (in the case of Class A shares), investment minimum or redemption fee applicable to such shares. ReFlow will periodically redeem its entire share position in the Fund and request that such redemption be met in kind in accordance with the Fund’s redemption-in-kind policies described under “Redeeming Shares” in the Prospectus.  Investments in a fund by ReFlow in connection with the ReFlow liquidity program are not subject to the two round-trips within 90 days limitation described in “Restrictions on Excessive Trading and Market Timing” under “Purchasing Shares” in the Prospectus. The investment adviser believes that the program assists in stabilizing the Fund’s net assets to the benefit of the Fund and its shareholders.  To the extent the Fund’s net assets do not decline, the investment adviser may also benefit.



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Pooled Investment Vehicles

The Fund may invest in pooled investment vehicles including other open-end or closed-end investment companies affiliated or unaffiliated with the investment adviser, exchange-traded funds (described herein) and other collective investment pools in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act. Closed-end investment company securities are usually traded on an exchange.  The demand for a closed-end fund’s securities is independent of the demand for the underlying portfolio assets, and accordingly, such securities can trade at a discount from, or a premium over, their net asset value.  The Fund generally will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any management fees paid by a pooled investment vehicle in which it invests in addition to the investment advisory fee paid by the Fund.

Portfolio Turnover

A change in the securities held by the Fund is known as “portfolio turnover” and generally involves expense to the Fund, including brokerage commissions or dealer markups and other transaction costs on both the sale of securities and the reinvestment of the proceeds in other securities. If sales of portfolio securities cause the Fund to realize net short-term capital gains, such gains will be taxable as ordinary income to taxable shareholders.  The Fund’s portfolio turnover rate for a fiscal year is the ratio of the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities to the monthly average of the value of portfolio securities excluding securities whose maturities at acquisition were one year or less. The Fund's portfolio turnover rate is not a limiting factor when the investment adviser considers a change in the Fund's portfolio holdings.  The portfolio turnover rate(s) of the Fund for recent fiscal periods is included in the Financial Highlights in the Prospectus.

Preferred Stock

Preferred stock represents an equity interest in a corporation, company or trust that has a higher claim on the assets and earnings than common stock. Preferred stock usually has limited voting rights. Preferred stock involves credit risk, which is the risk that a preferred stock will decline in price, or fail to pay dividends when expected, because the issuer experiences a decline in its financial status. A company’s preferred stock generally pays dividends after the company makes the required payments to holders of its bonds and other debt instruments but before dividend payments are made to common stockholders.  However, preferred stock may not pay scheduled dividends or dividends payments may be in arrears.  The value of preferred stock may react more strongly than bonds and other debt instruments to actual or perceived changes in the company’s financial condition or prospects. Certain preferred stocks may be convertible to common stock.  See “Convertible Securities” and “Contingent Convertible Securities.”  Preferred stock may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a predetermined price.  Because they may make regular income payments, preferred stocks may be considered fixed-income securities for purposes of a Fund’s investment restrictions.

Real Estate Investments

Real estate investments, including real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) are sensitive to factors, such as changes in: real estate values, property taxes, interest rates, cash flow of underlying real estate assets, occupancy rates, government regulations affecting zoning, land use, and rents, and the management skill and creditworthiness of the issuer. Companies in the real estate industry may also be subject to liabilities under environmental and hazardous waste laws, among others. Changes in underlying real estate values may have a magnified effect to the extent that investments concentrate in particular geographic regions or property types. Investments in REITs may also be adversely affected by rising interest rates. By investing in REITs, the Fund indirectly will bear REIT expenses in addition to its own expenses.

Private REITs are unlisted, which may make them difficult to value and less liquid.  Moreover, private REITs are generally exempt from 1933 Act registration and, as such, the amount of public information available with respect to private REITs may be less extensive than that available for publicly traded REITs.

Repurchase Agreements

Repurchase agreements involve the purchase of a security coupled with an agreement to resell at a specified date and price.  In the event of the bankruptcy of the counterparty to a repurchase agreement, recovery of cash may be delayed. To the extent that, in the meantime, the value of the purchased securities may have decreased, a loss could result. Repurchase agreements that mature in more than seven days will be treated as illiquid. Unless the Prospectus states otherwise, the terms of a repurchase agreement will provide that the value of the collateral underlying the repurchase agreement will always be at least equal to the repurchase price, including any accrued interest earned on the agreement, and will be marked to market daily.



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Residual Interest Bonds

The Fund may invest in residual interest bonds in a trust that holds municipal securities. The interest rate payable on a residual interest bond bears an inverse relationship to the interest rate on another security issued by the trust. Because changes in the interest rate on the other security inversely affect the interest paid on the residual interest bond, the value and income of a residual interest bond is generally more volatile than that of a fixed rate bond. Residual interest bonds have interest rate adjustment formulas that generally reduce or, in the extreme, eliminate the interest paid to the Fund when short-term interest rates rise, and increase the interest paid to the Fund when short-term interest rates fall. Residual interest bonds have varying degrees of liquidity, and the market for these securities is relatively volatile. These securities tend to underperform the market for fixed rate bonds in a rising long-term interest rate environment, but tend to outperform the market for fixed rate bonds when long-term interest rates decline. Although volatile, residual interest bonds typically offer the potential for yields exceeding the yields available on fixed rate bonds with comparable credit quality and maturity. These securities usually permit the investor to convert the floating rate to a fixed rate (normally adjusted downward), and this optional conversion feature may provide a partial hedge against rising rates if exercised at an opportune time. While residual interest bonds expose the Fund to leverage risk because they provide two or more dollars of bond market exposure for every dollar invested, they are not subject to the Fund’s restrictions on borrowings.

Under certain circumstances, the Fund may enter into a so-called shortfall and forbearance agreement relating to a residual interest bond held by the Fund. Such agreements commit the Fund to reimburse the difference between the liquidation value of the underlying security (which is the basis of the residual interest bond) and the principal amount due to the holders of the floating rate security issued in conjunction with the residual interest bond upon the termination of the trust issuing the residual interest bond. Absent a shortfall and forbearance agreement, the Fund would not be required to make such a reimbursement. If the Fund chooses not to enter into such an agreement, the residual interest bond could be terminated and the Fund could incur a loss. The Fund’s investments in residual interest bonds and similar securities described in the Prospectus and this SAI will not be considered borrowing for purposes of the Fund’s restrictions on borrowing described herein and in the Prospectus.

On December 10, 2013, five U.S. federal agencies published final rules implementing section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Volcker Rule”). The Volcker Rule prohibits banking entities from engaging in proprietary trading of certain instruments and limits such entities’ investments in, and relationships with, covered funds, as defined in the rules. The Volcker Rule precludes banking entities and their affiliates from (i) sponsoring residual interest bond programs as presently structured and (ii) continuing relationships with or services for existing residual interest bond programs. All existing residual interest bonds were restructured in order to comply with the Volcker Rule prior to July 2016. The effects of the Volcker Rule may make it more difficult for the Fund to maintain current or desired levels of income.



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Restricted Securities

Restricted securities cannot be sold to the public without registration under the 1933 Act. Unless registered for sale, restricted securities can be sold only in privately negotiated transactions or pursuant to an exemption from registration. Restricted securities may be considered illiquid and subject to the Fund’s limitation on illiquid securities.

Restricted securities may involve a high degree of business and financial risk which may result in substantial losses. The securities may be less liquid than publicly traded securities. Although these securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions, the prices realized from these sales could be less than those originally paid by the Fund. The Fund may invest in restricted securities, including securities initially offered and sold without registration pursuant to Rule 144A (“Rule 144A Securities”) and securities of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers initially offered and sold outside the United States without registration with the SEC pursuant to Regulation S (“Regulation S Securities”) under the 1933 Act. Rule 144A Securities and Regulation S Securities generally may be traded freely among certain qualified institutional investors, such as the Fund, and non-U.S. persons, but resale to a broader base of investors in the United States may be permitted only in much more limited circumstances. 

The Fund also may purchase restricted securities that are not eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A or Regulation S. The Fund may acquire such securities through private placement transactions, directly from the issuer or from security holders, generally at higher yields or on terms more favorable to investors than comparable publicly traded securities. However, the restrictions on resale of such securities may make it difficult for the Fund to dispose of them at the time considered most advantageous and/or may involve expenses that would not be incurred in the sale of securities that were freely marketable. Risks associated with restricted securities include the potential obligation to pay all or part of the registration expenses in order to sell certain restricted securities. A considerable period of time may elapse between the time of the decision to sell a security and the time the Fund may be permitted to sell it under an effective registration statement and/or after an applicable waiting period. If adverse conditions were to develop during this period, the Fund might obtain a price that is less favorable than the price that was prevailing at the time it decided to sell.  See also “Illiquid Securities.”

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

Under a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund temporarily transfers possession of a portfolio instrument to another party, such as a bank or broker-dealer, in return for cash. At the same time, the Fund agrees to repurchase the instrument at an agreed upon time (normally within seven days) and price, which reflects an interest payment. The Fund may enter into a reverse repurchase agreement for various purposes, including, but not limited to, when it is able to invest the cash acquired at a rate higher than the cost of the agreement or as a means of raising cash to satisfy redemption requests without the necessity of selling portfolio assets.  In a reverse repurchase agreement, any fluctuations in the market value of either the securities transferred to another party or the securities in which the proceeds may be invested would affect the market value of the Fund’s assets. As a result, such transactions may increase fluctuations in the value of the Fund.  Because reverse repurchase agreements may be considered to be the practical equivalent of borrowing funds, they constitute a form of leverage.  Such agreements will be treated as subject to investment restrictions regarding “borrowings.” If the Fund reinvests the proceeds of a reverse repurchase agreement at a rate lower than the cost of the agreement, entering into the agreement will lower the Fund’s yield.



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Rights and Warrants

See also “Derivative Instruments and Related Risks” herein.  A right is a privilege granted to existing shareholders of a corporation to subscribe for shares of a new issue of common stock before it is issued. Rights normally have a short life, usually two to four weeks, are freely transferable and entitle the holder to buy the new common stock at a lower price than the public offering price. Warrants are securities that are typically issued together with a debt security or preferred stock and that give the holder the right to buy a proportionate amount of common stock at a specified price. Warrants are freely transferable and are often traded on major exchanges. Unlike rights, warrants normally have a life that is measured in years and entitle the holder to buy common stock of a company at a price that is usually higher than the market price at the time the warrant is issued. Corporations often issue warrants to make the accompanying debt security more attractive.

Warrants and rights may entail greater risks than certain other types of investments. Generally, rights and warrants do not carry the right to receive dividends or exercise voting rights with respect to the underlying securities, and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer. In addition, their value does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and they cease to have value if they are not exercised on or before their expiration date. If the market price of the underlying stock does not exceed the exercise price during the life of the warrant or right, the warrant or right will expire worthless.  (Canadian special warrants issued in private placements prior to a public offering are not considered warrants.) 

Royalty Bonds

To the extent described in the Prospectus, the Fund may invest in royalty bonds.

Securities Lending

The Fund may lend its portfolio securities to major banks, broker-dealers and other financial institutions in compliance with the 1940 Act. No lending may be made with any companies affiliated with the investment adviser.  These loans earn income and are collateralized by cash, securities or letters of credit.  The Fund may realize a loss if it is not able to invest cash collateral at rates higher than the costs to enter into the loan.    The Fund invests cash collateral in an unaffiliated money market fund that operates in compliance with the requirements of Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act and maintains a stable $1.00 net asset value per share.  When the loan is closed, the lender is obligated to return the collateral to the borrower.  The lender could suffer a loss if the value of the collateral is below the market value of the borrowed securities or if the borrower defaults on the loan.  The lender may pay reasonable finder’s, lending agent, administrative and custodial fees in connection with its loans. The investment adviser may instruct the securities lending agent to terminate loans and recall securities with voting rights so that the securities may be voted in accordance with the Fund’s proxy voting policy and procedures if deemed appropriate to do so.  See “Taxes” for information on the tax treatment of payments in lieu of dividends received pursuant to securities lending arrangements.

Senior Loans

Senior Loans are loans that are senior in repayment priority to other debt of the borrower.  Senior Loans generally pay interest that floats, adjusts or varies periodically based on benchmark indicators, specified adjustment schedules or prevailing interest rates.  Senior Loans are often secured by specific assets or “collateral,” although they may not be secured by collateral.  A Senior Loan is typically originated, negotiated and structured by a U.S. or foreign commercial bank, insurance company, finance company or other financial institution (the “Agent”) for a group of loan investors (“Loan Investors”), generally referred to as a “syndicate.” The Agent typically administers and enforces the Senior Loan on behalf of the Loan Investors in the syndicate. In addition, an institution, typically but not always the Agent, holds any collateral on behalf of the Loan Investors.  Loan interests primarily take the form of assignments purchased in the primary or secondary market. Loan interests may also take the form of participation interests in, or novations of, a Senior Loan.  Senior Loans primarily include senior floating rate loans and secondarily senior floating rate debt obligations (including those issued by an asset-backed pool), and interests therein.

 

Loan Collateral. Borrowers generally will, for the term of the Senior Loan, pledge collateral to secure their obligation. In addition Senior Loans may be guaranteed by or secured by assets of the borrower’s owners or affiliates. During the term of the Senior Loan, the value of collateral securing the Loan may decline in value, causing the Loan to be under-collateralized. Collateral may consist of assets that may not be readily liquidated, and there is no assurance that the liquidation of such assets would satisfy fully a borrower’s obligations under a Senior Loan. In addition, if a Senior Loan is foreclosed, the Fund could become part owner of the collateral and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of such collateral.



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Fees. The Fund may receive a facility fee when it buys a Senior Loan, and pay a facility fee when it sells a Senior Loan. On an ongoing basis, the Fund may receive a commitment fee based on the undrawn portion of the underlying line of credit portion of a Senior Loan. In certain circumstances, the Fund may receive a prepayment penalty fee upon the prepayment of a Senior Loan by a borrower or an amendment fee.

 

Loan Administration.  In a typical Senior Loan, the Agent administers the terms of the loan agreement and is responsible for the collection of principal, and interest payments from the borrower and the apportionment of these payments to the Loan Investors. Failure by the Agent to fulfill its obligations may delay or adversely affect receipt of payment by the Fund. Furthermore, unless under the terms of a loan agreement or participation (as applicable) the Fund has direct recourse against the borrower, the Fund must rely on the Agent and the other Loan Investors to use appropriate remedies against the borrower. The Agent is typically responsible for monitoring compliance with covenants contained in the loan agreement based upon reports prepared by the borrower.  The typical practice of an Agent or a Loan Investor in relying exclusively or primarily on reports from the borrower may involve the risk of fraud by the borrower.  It is unclear whether an investment in a Senior Loan offers the securities law protections against fraud and misrepresentation.

 

A financial institution’s appointment as Agent may usually be terminated in the event that it fails to observe the requisite standard of care or becomes insolvent.  A successor Agent would generally be appointed to replace the terminated Agent, and assets held by the Agent under the Loan Agreement should remain available to holders of Senior Loans. However, if assets held by the Agent for the benefit of the Fund were determined to be subject to the claims of the Agent’s general creditors, the Fund might incur certain costs and delays in realizing payment on a Senior Loan, or suffer a loss of principal and/or interest. In situations involving other Interposed Persons, similar risks may arise.

 

Additional Information. The Fund may purchase and retain in its portfolio a Senior Loan where the borrower has experienced, or may be perceived to be likely to experience, credit problems, including involvement in or recent emergence from bankruptcy reorganization proceedings or other forms of debt restructuring. While such investments may provide opportunities for enhanced income as well as capital appreciation, they generally involve greater risk and may be considered speculative.  The Fund may from time to time participate in ad-hoc committees formed by creditors to negotiate with the management of financially troubled borrowers. The Fund may incur legal fees as a result of such participation.  In addition, such participation may restrict the Fund’s ability to trade in or acquire additional positions in a particular security when it might otherwise desire to do so. Participation by the Fund also may expose the Fund to potential liabilities under bankruptcy or other laws governing the rights of creditors and debtors. The Fund will participate in such committees only when the investment adviser believes that such participation is necessary or desirable to enforce the Fund’s rights as a creditor or to protect the value of a Senior Loan held by the Fund.

 

In some instances, other accounts managed by the investment adviser may hold other securities issued by borrowers the Senior Loans of which may be held by the Fund. These other securities may include, for example, debt securities that are subordinate to the Senior Loans held by the Fund, convertible debt or common or preferred equity securities.  In certain circumstances, such as if the credit quality of the borrower deteriorates, the interests of holders of these other securities may conflict with the interests of the holders of the borrower’s Senior Loans. In such cases, the investment adviser may owe conflicting fiduciary duties to the Fund and other client accounts. The investment adviser will endeavor to carry out its obligations to all of its clients to the fullest extent possible, recognizing that in some cases, certain clients may achieve a lower economic return, as a result of these conflicting client interests, than if the investment adviser’s client accounts collectively held only a single category of the issuer’s securities.

 

The Fund may acquire warrants and other equity securities as part of a unit combining a Senior Loan and equity securities of a borrower or its affiliates. The Fund may also acquire equity securities or debt securities (including non-dollar denominated debt securities) issued in exchange for a Senior Loan or issued in connection with the debt restructuring or reorganization of a borrower, or if such acquisition, in the judgment of the investment adviser, may enhance the value of a Senior Loan or would otherwise be consistent with the Fund’s investment policies.

 

For additional disclosure relating to investing in loans (including Senior Loans), see “Loans” above.



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Short Sales

The Fund may engage in short sales of U.S. Treasury securities for the purposes of managing duration of the Fund.  Short sales are transactions in which a party sells a security it does not own in anticipation of a decline in the market value of that security. To complete such a transaction, the party must borrow the security to make delivery to the buyer. When the party is required to return the borrowed security, it typically will purchase the security in the open market. The price at such time may be more or less than the price at which the party sold the security. Until the security is replaced, the party is required to repay the lender any dividends or interest, which accrues during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, it also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. The net proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker, to the extent necessary to meet margin requirements, until the short position is closed out. Transaction costs are incurred in effecting short sales. A short seller will incur a loss as a result of a short sale if the price of the security increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which it replaces the borrowed security. A gain will be realized if the price of the security declines in price between those dates. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of the premium, dividends or interest the short seller may be required to pay, if any, in connection with a short sale. Short sales may be “against the box” or uncovered.  In a short sale “against the box,” at the time of the sale, the short seller owns or has the immediate and unconditional right to acquire the identical security at no additional cost.  In an uncovered short sale, the short seller does not own the underlying security and, as such, losses from uncovered short sales may be significant.  The Fund may sell short securities representing an index or basket of securities whose constituents the Fund holds in whole or in part. A short sale of an index or basket of securities will be a covered short sale if the underlying index or basket of securities is the same or substantially identical to securities held by the Fund.  Use of short sales is limited by the Fund’s non-fundamental restriction relating thereto.  

Short-Term Trading

Fixed-income securities may be sold in anticipation of market decline (a rise in interest rates) or purchased in anticipation of a market rise (a decline in interest rates) and later sold. In addition, such a security may be sold and another purchased at approximately the same time to take advantage of what is believed to be a temporary disparity in the normal yield relationship between the two securities. Yield disparities may occur for reasons not directly related to the investment quality of particular issues or the general movement of interest rates, such as changes in the overall demand for or supply of various types of fixed-income securities or changes in the investment objectives of investors.  

Smaller Companies

The investment risk associated with smaller companies is higher than that normally associated with larger, more established companies due to the greater business risks associated with small size, the relative age of the company, limited product lines, distribution channels and financial and managerial resources. Further, there is typically less publicly available information concerning smaller companies than for larger companies. The securities of small companies are often traded only over-the-counter and may not be traded in the volumes typical of trading on a national securities exchange. As a result, stocks of smaller companies are often more volatile than those of larger companies, which are often traded on a national securities exchange.

Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities (“SMBS”)

SMBS are multiclass mortgage securities. SMBS commonly involve two classes of securities that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving most of the interest from the mortgages, while the other class will receive most of the principal. In the most extreme case, the interest only class receives all of the interest while the principal only class receives the entire principal. The yield to maturity on an interest only class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including pre-payments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on the yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgages experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the initial investment in these securities may not be recouped. Although the market for such securities is increasingly liquid, certain SMBS may not be readily marketable and will be considered illiquid. The market value of the class consisting entirely of principal payments generally is unusually volatile in response to changes in interest rates. The yields on a class of SMBS that receives all or most of the interest from mortgages are generally higher than prevailing market yields on other MBS because their cash flow patterns are more volatile and there is a greater risk that the initial investment will not be fully recouped.



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Structured Notes

See also “Derivative Instruments and Related Risks” herein.  Structured notes are derivative debt instruments, the interest rate or principal of which is determined by an unrelated indicator (for example, a currency, security, commodity or index thereof). The terms of the instrument may be “structured” by the purchaser and the borrower issuing the note. Indexed securities may include structured notes as well as securities other than debt securities, the interest rate or principal of which is determined by an unrelated indicator. Indexed securities may include a multiplier that multiplies the indexed element by a specified factor and, therefore, the value of such securities may be very volatile. The terms of structured notes and indexed securities may provide that in certain circumstances no principal is due at maturity, which may result in a loss of invested capital. Structured notes and indexed securities may be positively or negatively indexed, so that appreciation of the unrelated indicator may produce an increase or a decrease in the interest rate or the value of the structured note or indexed security at maturity may be calculated as a specified multiple of the change in the value of the unrelated indicator. Structured notes and indexed securities may entail a greater degree of market risk than other types of investments because the investor bears the risk of the unrelated indicator. Structured notes or indexed securities also may be more volatile, less liquid, and more difficult to accurately price than less complex securities and instruments or more traditional debt securities.

Swap Agreements

See also “Derivative Instruments and Related Risks” herein.  Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to more than one year. In a standard “swap” transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on a particular predetermined reference instrument or instruments, which can be adjusted for an interest rate factor. The gross returns to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties are generally calculated with respect to a “notional amount” (i.e., the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate or in a “basket” of securities representing a particular index).  Other types of swap agreements may calculate the obligations of the parties to the agreement on a “net basis.”  Consequently, a party’s current obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the “net amount”).  

 

Whether the use of swap agreements will be successful will depend on the investment adviser's ability to predict correctly whether certain types of reference instruments are likely to produce greater returns than other instruments.  Swap agreements may be subject to contractual restrictions on transferability and termination and they may have terms of greater than seven days.  The Fund’s obligations under a swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owed to the Fund under the swap).  Developments in the swaps market, including government regulation, could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements, as well as to participate in swap agreements in the future.  If there is a default by the counterparty to a swap, the Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the swap agreement, but any recovery may be delayed depending on the circumstances of the default.  To limit the counterparty risk involved in swap agreements, the Fund will only enter into swap agreements with counterparties that meet certain criteria. Although there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to do so, the Fund may be able to reduce or eliminate its exposure under a swap agreement either by assignment or other disposition, or by entering into an offsetting swap agreement with the same party or another creditworthy party. The Fund may have limited ability to eliminate its exposure under a credit default swap if the credit of the referenced entity or underlying asset has declined.

 

The swaps market was largely unregulated prior to the enactment of federal legislation known as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), which was enacted in 2010 in response to turmoil in the financial markets and other market events. Among other things, the Dodd-Frank Act sets forth a new regulatory framework for certain OTC derivatives, such as swaps, in which the Fund may invest. The Dodd-Frank Act requires many swap transactions to be executed on registered exchanges or through swap execution facilities, cleared through a regulated clearinghouse, and publicly reported. In addition, many market participants are now regulated as swap dealers or major swap participants, and are, or will be, subject to certain minimum capital and margin requirements and business conduct standards. The statutory requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act are being implemented primarily through rules and regulations adopted by the SEC and/or the CFTC. There is a prescribed phase-in period during which most of the mandated rulemaking and regulations are being implemented, and temporary exemptions from certain rules and regulations have been granted so that current trading practices will not be unduly disrupted during the transition period.



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Currently, central clearing is only required for certain market participants trading certain instruments, although central clearing for additional instruments is expected to be implemented by the CFTC until the majority of the swaps market is ultimately subject to central clearing. In addition, uncleared OTC swaps will be subject to regulatory collateral requirements that could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to enter into swaps in the OTC market. These developments could cause the Fund to terminate new or existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such instruments at an inopportune time. Until the mandated rulemaking and regulations are implemented completely, it will not be possible to determine the complete impact of the Dodd-Frank Act and related regulations on the Fund, and the establishment of a centralized exchange or market for swap transactions may not result in swaps being easier to value or trade. However, it is expected that swap dealers, major market participants, and swap counterparties will experience other new and/or additional regulations, requirements, compliance burdens, and associated costs. The legislation and rules yet to be promulgated and/or implemented may exert a negative effect on the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective, either through limits or requirements imposed on the Fund or its counterparties. The swap market could be disrupted or limited as a result of the implementation of this legislation, and the new requirements may increase the cost of the Fund’s investments and of doing business, which could adversely affect the ability of the Fund to buy or sell OTC derivatives.

 

Swap agreements include (but are not limited to):

 

Currency Swaps. Currency swaps involve the exchange of the rights of the parties to make or receive payments in specified currencies. Because currency swaps usually involve the delivery of the entire principal value of one designated currency in exchange for the other designated currency, the entire principal value of a currency swap is subject to the risk that the other party to the swap will default on its contractual delivery obligations. If the investment adviser is incorrect in its forecasts of market value and currency exchange rates, performance may be adversely affected.

 

Equity Swaps. An equity swap is an agreement in which at least one party’s payments are based on the rate of return of an equity security or equity index, such as the S&P 500. The other party’s payments can be based on a fixed rate, a non-equity variable rate, or even a different equity index. The Fund may enter into equity index swaps on a net basis pursuant to which the future cash flows from two reference instruments are netted out, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two.      

 

Credit Default Swaps.  Under a credit default swap agreement, the protection “buyer” in a credit default contract is generally obligated to pay the protection “seller” an upfront or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract, provided that no credit event, such as a default, on a reference instrument has occurred. If a credit event occurs, the seller generally must pay the buyer the “par value” (full notional value) of the reference instrument in exchange for an equal face amount of the reference instrument described in the swap, or the seller may be required to deliver the related net cash amount, if the swap is cash settled. If the Fund is a buyer and no credit event occurs, the Fund may recover nothing if the swap is held through its termination date. As a seller, the Fund generally receives an upfront payment or a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the swap provided that there is no credit event. As the seller, the Fund would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.  The determination of a credit event under the swap agreement will depend on the terms of the agreement and may rely on the decision of persons that are not a party to the agreement.  The Fund’s obligations under a credit default swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owed to the Fund).

 

Inflation Swaps.  Inflation swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive interest, e.g., an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating rate payments or an exchange of floating rate payments based on two different reference indices. By design, one of the reference indices is an inflation index, such as the Consumer Price Index. Inflation swaps can be designated as zero coupon, where both sides of the swap compound interest over the life of the swap and then the accrued interest is paid out only at the swap’s maturity.



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Total Return Swaps. Total return swap agreements are contracts in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to another party based on the change in market value of the assets underlying the contract, which may include a specified security, basket of securities or securities indices during the specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or the total return from other underlying assets. Total return swap agreements may be used to obtain exposure to a security or market without owning or taking physical custody of such security or investing directly in such market. Total return swap agreements may effectively add leverage to the Fund’s portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. Generally, the Fund will enter into total return swaps on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted out, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments). The net amount of the excess, if any, of the Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each total return swap will be accrued on a daily basis.  If the total return swap transaction is entered into on other than a net basis, the full amount of the Fund’s obligations will be accrued on a daily basis, and the full amount of the Fund’s obligations will be segregated by the Fund in an amount equal to or greater than the market value of the liabilities under the total return swap or the amount it would have cost the Fund initially to make an equivalent direct investment, plus or minus any amount the Fund is obligated to pay or is to receive under the total return swap agreement.

 

Interest Rate Swaps, Caps and Floors. Interest rate swaps are OTC contracts in which each party agrees to make a periodic interest payment based on an index or the value of an asset in return for a periodic payment from the other party based on a different index or asset. The purchase of an interest rate floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest on a notional principal amount from the party selling such interest rate floor. The purchase of an interest rate cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index rises above a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest on a notional principal amount from the party selling such interest rate cap.  The Fund usually will enter into interest rate swap transactions on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted out, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments). The net amount of the excess, if any, of the Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each interest rate swap will be accrued on a daily basis. If the interest rate swap transaction is entered into on other than a net basis, the full amount of the Fund’s obligations will be accrued on a daily basis.  Certain federal income tax requirements may limit the Fund’s ability to engage in certain interest rate transactions.

Swaptions

See also “Derivative Instruments and Related Risks” herein.  A swaption is a contract that gives a counterparty the right (but not the obligation) in return for payment of a premium, to enter into a new swap agreement or to shorten, extend, cancel or otherwise modify an existing swap agreement, at some designated future time on specified terms. The Fund may write (sell) and purchase put and call swaptions. Depending on the terms of the particular option agreement, the Fund will generally incur a greater degree of risk when it writes a swaption than it will incur when it purchases a swaption. When the Fund purchases a swaption, it risks losing only the amount of the premium it has paid should it decide to let the option expire unexercised. However, when the Fund writes a swaption, upon exercise of the option the Fund will become obligated according to the terms of the underlying agreement.

Tax-Managed Investing

Taxes are a major influence on the net returns that investors receive on their taxable investments. There are four components of the returns of a mutual fund that invests in equities that are treated differently for federal income tax purposes: price appreciation, distributions of qualified dividend income, distributions of other investment income, and distributions of realized short-term and long-term capital gains. Distributions of income other than qualified dividend income and distributions of net realized short-term gains (on stocks held for one year or less) are taxed as ordinary income.  Distributions of qualified dividend income and net realized long-term gains (on stocks held for more than one year) are currently taxed at rates up to 20%. The Fund’s investment program and the tax treatment of Fund distributions may be affected by IRS interpretations of the Code and future changes in tax laws and regulations. Returns derived from price appreciation are untaxed until the shareholder disposes of his or her shares. Upon disposition, a capital gain (short-term, if the shareholder has held his or her shares for one year or less, otherwise long-term) equal to the difference between the net proceeds of the disposition and the shareholder’s adjusted tax basis is realized.



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Trust Certificates

Trust certificates are investments in a limited purpose trust or other vehicle formed under state law. Trust certificates in turn invest in instruments, such as credit default swaps, interest rate swaps, preferred securities and other securities, in order to customize the risk/return profile of a particular security. Like an investment in a bond, investments in trust certificates represent the right to receive periodic income payments (in the form of distributions) and payment of principal at the end of the term of the certificate. However, these payments are conditioned on the trust’s receipt of payments from, and the trust’s potential obligations to, the counterparties to the derivative instruments and other securities in which the trust invests. Investments in these instruments are indirectly subject to the risks associated with derivative instruments, including, among others, credit risk, default or similar event risk, counterparty risk, interest rate risk, leverage risk and management risk. It is expected that the trusts that issue credit-linked trust certificates will constitute “private” investment companies, exempt from registration under the 1940 Act. Although the trusts are typically private investment companies, they are generally not actively managed. It is also expected that the certificates will be exempt from registration under the 1933 Act. Accordingly, there may be no established trading market for the certificates and they may constitute illiquid investments.

Trust Preferred Securities

The Fund may purchase trust preferred securities, which are preferred stocks issued by a special purpose trust subsidiary backed by subordinated debt of the parent company. These securities typically bear a market rate coupon comparable to interest rates available on debt of a similarly rated company. The securities are generally senior in claim to standard preferred stock but junior to other bondholders. Holders of the trust preferred securities have limited voting rights to control the activities of the trust and no voting rights with respect to the parent company.

Trust preferred securities may have varying maturity dates, at times in excess of 30 years, or may have no specified maturity date. Dividend payments of the trust preferred securities generally coincide with interest payments on the underlying subordinated debt. Trust preferred securities generally have a yield advantage over traditional preferred stocks, but unlike traditional preferred stocks, distributions are treated as interest rather than dividends for federal income tax purposes.

Trust preferred securities are subject to unique risks, which include the fact that dividend payments will only be paid if interest payments on the underlying subordinated debt are made, which interest payments are dependent on the financial condition of the parent company and may be deferred for up to 20 consecutive quarters. There is also the risk that the underlying subordinated debt, and thus the trust preferred securities, may be prepaid after a stated call date or as a result of certain tax or regulatory events, resulting in a lower yield to maturity.

Trust preferred securities ‘prices fluctuate for several reasons including changes in investors’ perception of the financial condition of an issuer or the general condition of the market for trust preferred securities, or when political or economic events affecting the issuers occur. Trust preferred securities are also (a) sensitive to interest rate fluctuations, as the cost of capital rises and borrowing costs increase in a rising interest rate environment, and (b) subject to the risk that they may be called for redemption in a falling interest rate environment.



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U.S. Government Securities

U.S. Government securities include: (1) U.S. Treasury obligations, which differ in their interest rates, maturities and times of issuance, including: U.S. Treasury bills (maturities of one year or less); U.S. Treasury notes (maturities of one year to ten years); and U.S. Treasury bonds (generally maturities of greater than ten years); and (2) obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies and instrumentalities, which are supported by any of the following: (a) the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; (b) the right of the issuer to borrow an amount limited to a specific line of credit from the U.S. Treasury; (c) discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase certain obligations of the U.S. Government agency or instrumentality; or (d) the credit of the agency or instrumentality. U.S. Government securities also include any other security or agreement collateralized or otherwise secured by U.S. Government securities.  Agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S. Government include but are not limited to: Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Federal Housing Administration, Federal Land Banks, Federal Financing Bank, Central Bank for Cooperatives, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, Farm Credit Bank System, Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, Federal National Mortgage Association, General Services Administration, Government National Mortgage Association, Student Loan Marketing Association, United States Postal Service, Maritime Administration, Small Business Administration, Tennessee Valley Authority, Washington D.C. Armory Board and any other enterprise established or sponsored by the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government generally is not obligated to provide support to its instrumentalities.  The principal of and/or interest on certain U.S. Government securities could be: (a) payable in foreign currencies rather than U.S. dollars; or (b) increased or diminished as a result of changes in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the value of foreign currencies. The value of such portfolio securities denominated in foreign currencies may be affected favorably by changes in the exchange rate between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar.  

Unlisted Securities

Unlisted securities are neither listed on a stock exchange nor traded over-the-counter. Unlisted securities may include investments in new and early stage companies, which may involve a high degree of business and financial risk that can result in substantial losses and may be considered speculative. Such securities will generally be deemed to be illiquid. Because of the absence of any public trading market for these investments, it may take longer to liquidate these positions than would be the case for publicly traded securities. Although these securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions, the prices realized from these sales could be less than those originally paid or less than what may be considered the fair value of such securities. Furthermore, issuers whose securities are not publicly traded may not be subject to public disclosure and other investor protection requirements applicable to publicly traded securities. If such securities are required to be registered under the securities laws of one or more jurisdictions before being resold, the Fund may be required to bear the expenses of registration. In addition, in foreign jurisdictions any capital gains realized on the sale of such securities may be subject to higher rates of foreign taxation than taxes payable on the sale of listed securities.

Utility and Financial Services Companies

To the extent described in the Prospectus, the Fund may concentrate its investments in utility and/or financial services companies.

Variable Rate Instruments

Variable rate instruments provide for adjustments in the interest or dividend rate payable on the instrument at specified intervals (daily, weekly, monthly, semiannually, etc.) based on market conditions, credit ratings or interest rates and the investor may have the right to “put” the security back to the issuer or its agent. Variable rate instruments normally provide that the holder can demand payment of the instrument on short notice at par with accrued interest.  These instruments may be secured by letters of credit or other support arrangements provided by banks. To the extent that such letters of credit or other arrangements constitute an unconditional guarantee of the issuer’s obligations, a bank may be treated as the issuer of a security for the purposes of complying with the diversification requirements set forth in Section 5(b) of the 1940 Act and Rule 5b-2 thereunder. The Fund may use these instruments as cash equivalents pending longer term investment of its funds.  The rate adjustment features may limit the extent to which the market value of the instruments will fluctuate.

When-Issued Securities, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitments

Securities may be purchased on a “forward commitment,” “when-issued” or “delayed delivery” basis (meaning securities are purchased or sold with payment and delivery taking place in the future beyond normal settlement times) in order to secure what is considered to be an advantageous price and yield at the time of entering into the transaction.  When the Fund agrees to purchase such securities, it assumes the risk of any decline in value of the security from the date of the agreement to purchase.  The Fund does not earn interest on the securities it has committed to purchase until they are paid for and delivered on the settlement date.



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From the time of entering into the transaction until delivery and payment is made at a later date, the securities that are the subject of the transaction are subject to market fluctuations. In forward commitment, when-issued or delayed delivery transactions, if the seller or buyer, as the case may be, fails to consummate the transaction, the counterparty may miss the opportunity of obtaining a price or yield considered to be advantageous. However, no payment or delivery is made until payment is received or delivery is made from the other party to the transaction.

Zero Coupon Bonds, Deep Discount Bonds and Payment-In-Kind (“PIK”) Securities

Zero coupon bonds are debt obligations that do not require the periodic payment of interest and are issued at a significant discount from face value. The discount approximates the total amount of interest the bonds will accrue and compound over the period until maturity at a rate of interest reflecting the market rate of the security at the time of purchase. The effect of owning debt obligations that do not make current interest payments is that a fixed yield is earned not only on the original investment but also, in effect, on all discount accretion during the life of the debt obligation. This implicit reinvestment of earnings at a fixed rate eliminates the risk of being unable to invest distributions at a rate as high as the implicit yield on the zero coupon bond, but at the same time eliminates the holder’s ability to reinvest at higher rates in the future. The Fund is required to accrue income from zero coupon bonds on a current basis, even though it does not receive that income currently in cash, and the Fund is required to distribute that income for each taxable year. Thus, the Fund may have to sell other investments to obtain cash needed to make income distributions.

 

Bonds and preferred stocks that make “in-kind” payments and other securities that do not pay regular income distributions may experience greater volatility in response to interest rate changes and issuer developments. PIK securities generally carry higher interest rates compared to bonds that make cash payments of interest to reflect their payment deferral and increased credit risk. PIK securities generally involve significantly greater credit risk than coupon loans because the Fund receives no cash payments until the maturity date or a specified cash payment date. Even if accounting conditions are met for accruing income payable at a future date under a PIK bond, the issuer could still default when the collection date occurs at the maturity of or payment date for the PIK bond.  PIK bonds may be difficult to value accurately because they involve ongoing judgments as to the collectability of the deferred payments and the value of any associated collateral.  If the issuer of a PIK security defaults, the Fund may lose its entire investment. PIK interest has the effect of generating investment income and increasing the incentive fees, if any, payable at a compounding rate.  Generally, the deferral of PIK interest increases the loan to value ratio.








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APPENDIX A

Listed below are the dates in calendar year 2017 in which the regular holidays in non-U.S. markets may impact Fund settlement.  This list is based on information available to the Funds.  The list may not be accurate or complete and is subject to change.

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APPENDIX B

RATINGS

The ratings indicated herein are believed to be the most recent ratings available at the date of this SAI for the securities listed. Ratings are generally given to securities at the time of issuance. While the rating agencies may from time to time revise such ratings, they undertake no obligation to do so, and the ratings indicated do not necessarily represent ratings which would be given to these securities on a particular date.

MOODY’S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. (“Moody’s”)

Ratings assigned on Moody’s global long-term and short-term rating scales are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of one year or more and reflect both the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default.  Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments.

GLOBAL LONG-TERM RATINGS SCALE

Aaa: Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.

Aa: Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low risk.

A: Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.

Baa: Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics

Ba: Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.

B: Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.

Caa: Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.

Ca: Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.  

C: Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers, 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.

GLOBAL SHORT-TERM RATING SCALE

Moody’s short term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs or to individual short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months, unless explicitly noted.

P-1: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

P-2: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

P-3: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.

NP: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime ratings categories.



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ISSUER RATINGS

Issuer Ratings are opinions of the ability of entities to honor senior unsecured financial counterparty obligations and contracts. As such, Issuer Ratings incorporate any external support that is expected to apply to all current and future issuance of senior unsecured financial obligations and contracts, such as explicit support stemming from a guarantee of all senior unsecured financial obligations and contracts, and/or implicit support for issuers subject to joint default analysis (e.g. banks and government-related issuers). Issuer Ratings do not incorporate support arrangements, such as guarantees, that apply only to specific (but not to all) senior unsecured financial obligations and contracts.

US MUNICIPAL SHORT-TERM OBLIGATION RATINGS AND DEMAND OBLIGATION RATINGS

SHORT-TERM OBLIGATION RATINGS

While the global short-term ‘prime’ rating scale is applied to US municipal tax-exempt commercial paper, these programs are typically backed by external letters of credit or liquidity facilities and their short-term prime ratings usually map to the long-term rating of the enhancing bank or financial institution and not to the municipality’s rating. Other short-term municipal obligations, which generally have different funding sources for repayment, are rated using two additional short-term rating scales (i.e., the MIG and VMIG scales discussed below).

The Municipal Investment Grade (MIG) scale is used to rate US municipal bond anticipation notes of up to three years maturity. Municipal notes rated on the MIG scale may be secured by either pledged revenues or proceeds of a take-out financing received prior to note maturity. MIG ratings expire at the maturity of the obligation, and the issuer’s long-term rating is only one consideration in assigning the MIG rating. MIG ratings are divided into three levels—MIG 1 through MIG 3—while speculative grade short-term obligations are designated SG.

MIG 1 This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.

MIG 2 This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.

MIG 3 This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.

SG This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.

Demand Obligation Ratings

In the case of variable rate demand obligations (VRDOs), a two-component rating is assigned; a long or short-term rating and demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (“demand feature”), The second element uses a rating from a variation of the MIG scale called the Variable Municipal Investment Grade (VMIG) scale. The rating transitions on the VMIG scale, as shown in the diagram below, differ from those on the Prime scale to reflect the risk that external liquidity support generally will terminate if the issuer’s long-term rating drops below investment grade.

VMIG 1: This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

VMIG 2: This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

VMIG 3: This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

SG:  This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.



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STANDARD & POOR’S RATINGS SERVICES (“S&P”)

ISSUE CREDIT RATINGS DEFINITIONS

A Standard & Poor's issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects Standard & Poor's view of the obligor's capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.

Issue credit ratings can be either long-term or short-term. Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. In the U.S., for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days—including commercial paper. Short-term ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. Medium-term notes are assigned long-term ratings.

LONG-TERM ISSUE CREDIT RATINGS:

Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on Standard & Poor's analysis of the following considerations:

·  Likelihood of paymentcapacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation;

·  Nature of and provisions of the obligation and the promise that is imputed;

·  Protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors' rights. Issue ratings are an assessment of default risk, but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)

AAA:  An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.

AA:   An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest-rated obligors only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.

A:  An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.

BBB: An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

BB, B, CCC, CC and C

Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’,  ‘CC’, and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

BB: An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to non-payment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

B: An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.



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CCC: An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial or, economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

CC: An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The 'CC' rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but Standard & Poor's expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.

C:  An obligation rated 'C' is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are rated higher.

D: An obligation rated 'D' is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the 'D' rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poor's believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The 'D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to 'D' if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.NR: This indicates that no rating has been requested, or that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor's does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

Plus (+) or Minus (-): The ratings from ‘AA’ to’ CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

SHORT-TERM ISSUE CREDIT RATINGS

A-1: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.

A-2: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial    commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.

A-3: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

B: A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.

C: A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

D:  A short-term obligation rated 'D' is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the 'D' rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poor's believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The 'D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to 'D' if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.

ISSUER CREDIT RATINGS DEFINITIONS

Standard & Poor's issuer credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about an obligor's overall creditworthiness. This opinion focuses on the obligor's capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due. It does not apply to any specific financial obligation, as it does not take into account the nature of and provisions of the obligation, its standing in bankruptcy or liquidation, statutory preferences, or the legality and enforceability of the obligation. Counterparty credit ratings, corporate credit ratings and sovereign credit ratings are all forms of issuer credit ratings.

Issuer credit ratings can be either long-term or short-term.



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LONG-TERM ISSUER CREDIT RATINGS

AAA: An obligor rated ‘AAA’ has extremely strong capacity to meet its financial commitments. ‘AAA’ is the highest issuer credit rating assigned by S&P.

AA: An obligor rated ‘AA’ has very strong capacity to meet its financial commitments. It differs from the highest-rated obligors only to a small degree.

A: An obligor rated ‘A’ has strong capacity to meet its financial commitments but is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligors in higher-rated categories.

BBB: An obligor rated ‘BBB’ has adequate capacity to meet its financial commitments. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitments.

BB, B, CCC and CC

Obligors rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, and ‘CC’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘CC’ the highest. While such obligors will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

BB: An obligor ‘BB’ is less vulnerable in the near term than other lower-rated obligors. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties and exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.

B: An obligor rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable than the obligors rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meets its financial commitments.

CCC: An obligor rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions to meet its financial commitments.

CC: An obligor rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable. The 'CC' rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but Standard & Poor's expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.

R: An obligor rated 'R' is under regulatory supervision owing to its financial condition. During the pendency of the regulatory supervision the regulators may have the power to favor one class of obligations over others or pay some obligations and not others.  

SD and D: An obligor rated 'SD' (selective default) or 'D' is in default on one or more of its financial obligations including rated and unrated financial obligations but excluding hybrid instruments classified as regulatory capital or in non-payment according to terms. An obligor is considered in default unless Standard & Poor's believes that such payments will be made within five business days of the due date in the absence of a stated grace period, or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. A 'D' rating is assigned when Standard & Poor's believes that the default will be a general default and that the obligor will fail to pay all or substantially all of its obligations as they come due. An 'SD' rating is assigned when Standard &

Poor's believes that the obligor has selectively defaulted on a specific issue or class of obligations but it will continue to meet its payment obligations on other issues or classes of obligations in a timely manner. An obligor's rating is lowered to 'D' or 'SD' if it is conducting a distressed exchange offer.

NR: An issuer designated as NR is not rated.

Plus (+) or Minus (-): The ratings from ‘AA’ to’ CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.



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SHORT-TERM ISSUER CREDIT RATINGS

A-1: An obligor rated ‘A-1’ has strong capacity to meet its financial commitments. It is rated in the highest category by S&P. Within this category, certain obligors are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments is extremely strong.

A-2: An obligor rated ‘A-2’ has satisfactory capacity to meet its financial commitments. However, it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligors in the highest rating category.

A-3: An obligor rated ‘A-3’ has adequate capacity to meet its financial obligations. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitments.

B: An obligor rated ‘B’ is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. Ratings ‘B-1’, ‘B-2’, and ‘B-3’ may be assigned to indicate finer distinctions within the ‘B’ category. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.

C: An obligor rated 'C' is currently vulnerable to nonpayment that would result in a 'SD' or 'D' issuer rating, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for it to meet its financial commitments.

R: An obligor rated ‘R’ is under regulatory supervision owing to its financial condition. During the pendency of the regulatory supervision the regulators may have the power to favor one class of obligations over others or pay some obligations and not others.

SD and D:  An obligor rated 'SD' (selective default) or 'D' has failed to pay one or more of its financial obligations (rated or unrated), excluding hybrid instruments classified as regulatory capital or in nonpayment according to terms, when it came due. An obligor is considered in default unless Standard & Poor's believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. A 'D' rating is assigned when Standard & Poor's believes that the default will be a general default and that the obligor will fail to pay all or  substantially all of its obligations as they come due. An 'SD' rating is assigned when Standard & Poor's believes that the obligor has selectively defaulted on a specific issue or class of obligations, excluding hybrid instruments classified as regulatory capital, but it will continue to meet its payment obligations on other issues or classes of obligations in a timely manner. An obligor's rating is lowered to 'D' or 'SD' if it is conducting a distressed exchange offer.

NR: An issuer designated as NR is not rated.

MUNICIPAL SHORT-TERM NOTE RATINGS

SHORT-TERM NOTES: An S&P U.S. municipal note ratings reflects the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes maturing beyond three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. In determining which type of rating, if any, to assign, Standard & Poor's analysis will review the following considerations: Amortization schedule--the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and Source of payment--the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.

Municipal Short-Term Note rating symbols are as follows:

SP-1: Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt will be given a plus (+) designation.

SP-2: Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.

SP-3: Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.



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FITCH RATINGS

LONG-TERM CREDIT RATINGS

Investment Grade

AAA: Highest credit quality ‘AAA’ ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. The capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

AA: Very high credit quality. ‘AA’ ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.

A: High credit quality. ‘A’ ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. The capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions that is the case for higher ratings.

BBB:  'BBB' ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.

BB:  Speculative.  'BB' ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time.

B:  Highly speculative.   B' ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.

CCC:  Substantial credit risk.  Default is a real possibility.

CC:  Very high levels of credit risk.  Default of some kind appears probable.

C:  Exceptionally high levels of credit risk. Default appears imminent or inevitable.

D:  Indicates a default. Default generally is defined as one of the following:

·  failure to make payment of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of the rated obligation;

·  the bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other winding-up or cessation of the business of an issuer/obligor; or

·  the distressed exchange of an obligation, where creditors were offered securities with diminished structural or economic terms compared with the existing obligation to avoid a probable payment default.

Notes to Long-Term ratings:

The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the ‘AAA’ Long-Term IDR category, or to Long-Term IDR categories below ‘B’.

Short-Term Credit Ratings Assigned to Obligations in Corporate, Public and Structured Finance

A short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity or security stream and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short term” based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations, and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.

F1:  Highest short-term credit quality.  Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.

F2: Good short-term credit quality.  Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.



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F3: Fair short-term credit quality.  The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.

B: Speculative short-term credit quality.  Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

C:  High short-term default risk.  Default is a real possibility.

RD: Restricted default.  Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.

D:  Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.

DESCRIPTION OF INSURANCE FINANCIAL STRENGTH RATINGS

Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. Insurance Financial Strength Ratings

Moody’s Insurance Financial Strength Ratings are opinions of the ability of insurance companies to repay punctually senior policyholder claims and obligations and also reflect the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default . Specific obligations are considered unrated unless they are individually rated because the standing of a particular insurance obligation would depend on an assessment of its relative standing under those laws governing both the obligation and the insurance company.

Standard & Poor’s Insurance Financial Strength Ratings

A Standard & Poor's insurer financial strength rating is a forward-looking opinion about the financial security characteristics of an insurance organization with respect to its ability to pay under its insurance policies and contracts in accordance with their terms. Insurer financial strength ratings are also assigned to health maintenance organizations and similar health plans with respect to their ability to pay under their policies and contracts in accordance with their terms. This opinion is not specific to any particular policy or contract, nor does it address the suitability of a particular policy or contract for a specific purpose or purchaser. Furthermore, the opinion does not take into account deductibles, surrender or cancellation penalties, timeliness of payment, nor the likelihood of the use of a defense such as fraud to deny claims. Insurer financial strength ratings do not refer to an organization's ability to meet nonpolicy (i.e., debt) obligations. Assignment of ratings to debt issued by insurers or to debt issues that are fully or partially supported by insurance policies, contracts, or guarantees is a separate process from the determination of insurer financial strength ratings, and follows procedures consistent with those used to assign an issue credit rating. An insurer financial strength rating is not a recommendation to purchase or discontinue any policy or contract issued by an insurer.

Long-Term Insurer Financial Strength Ratings

Category Definition

AAA

An insurer rated 'AAA' has extremely strong financial security characteristics. 'AAA' is the highest insurer financial strength rating assigned by Standard & Poor's.

AA

An insurer rated 'AA' has very strong financial security characteristics, differing only slightly from those rated higher.

A

An insurer rated 'A' has strong financial security characteristics, but is somewhat more likely to be affected by adverse business conditions than are insurers with higher ratings.

BBB

An insurer rated 'BBB' has good financial security characteristics, but is more likely to be affected by adverse business conditions than are higher-rated insurers.

BB; CCC; and CC

An insurer rated 'BB' or lower is regarded as having vulnerable characteristics that may outweigh its strengths. 'BB' indicates the least degree of vulnerability within the range; 'CC' the highest.



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BB

An insurer rated 'BB' has marginal financial security characteristics. Positive attributes exist, but adverse business conditions could lead to insufficient ability to meet financial commitments.

B

An insurer rated 'B' has weak financial security characteristics. Adverse business conditions will likely impair its ability to meet financial commitments.

CCC

An insurer rated 'CCC' has very weak financial security characteristics, and is dependent on favorable business conditions to meet financial commitments.

CC

An insurer rated 'CC' has extremely weak financial security characteristics and is likely not to meet some of its financial commitments.

SD or D

An insurer rated 'SD' (selective default) or 'D' is in default on one or more of its insurance policy obligations but is not under regulatory supervision that would involve a rating of 'R'. The 'D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action if payments on a policy obligation are at risk. A 'D' rating is assigned when Standard & Poor's believes that the default will be a general default and that the obligor will fail to pay substantially all of its obligations in full in accordance with the policy terms. An 'SD' rating is assigned when Standard & Poor's believes that the insurer has selectively defaulted on a specific class of policies but it will continue to meet its payment obligations on other classes of obligations. A selective default includes the completion of a distressed exchange offer. Claim denials due to lack of coverage or other legally permitted defenses are not considered defaults.

R

An insurer rated 'R' is under regulatory supervision owing to its financial condition. During the pendency of the regulatory supervision, the regulators may have the power to favor one class of obligations over others or pay some obligations and not others. The rating does not apply to insurers subject only to non-financial actions such as market conduct violations.

NR

An insurer designated 'NR' is not rated, which implies no opinion about the insurer's financial security.

Plus (+) or Minus (-): The ratings from ‘AA’ to’ CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

Fitch Insurer Financial Strength Rating

The Insurer Financial Strength (IFS) Rating provides an assessment of the financial strength of an insurance organization. The IFS Rating is assigned to the insurance company's policyholder obligations, including assumed reinsurance obligations and contract holder obligations, such as guaranteed investment contracts. The IFS Rating reflects both the ability of the insurer to meet these obligations on a timely basis, and expected recoveries received by claimants in the event the insurer stops making payments or payments are interrupted, due to either the failure of the insurer or some form of regulatory intervention. In the context of the IFS Rating, the timeliness of payments is considered relative to both contract and/or policy terms but also recognizes the possibility of reasonable delays caused by circumstances common to the insurance industry, including claims reviews, fraud investigations and coverage disputes.

The IFS Rating does not encompass policyholder obligations residing in separate accounts, unit-linked products or segregated funds, for which the policyholder bears investment or other risks. However, any guarantees provided to the policyholder with respect to such obligations are included in the IFS Rating.



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Expected recoveries are based on the agency's assessments of the sufficiency of an insurance company's assets to fund policyholder obligations, in a scenario in which payments have ceased or been interrupted. Accordingly, expected recoveries exclude the impact of recoveries obtained from any government sponsored guaranty or policyholder protection funds. Expected recoveries also exclude the impact of collateralization or security, such as letters of credit or trusteed assets, supporting select reinsurance obligations.

IFS Ratings can be assigned to insurance and reinsurance companies in any insurance sector, including the life & annuity, non-life, property/casualty, health, mortgage, financial guaranty, residual value and title insurance sectors, as well as to managed care companies such as health maintenance organizations.

The IFS Rating does not address the quality of an insurer's claims handling services or the relative value of products sold.

The IFS Rating uses the same symbols used by the agency for its International and National credit ratings of long-term or short-term debt issues. However, the definitions associated with the ratings reflect the unique aspects of the IFS Rating within an insurance industry context.

Obligations for which a payment interruption has occurred due to either the insolvency or failure of the insurer or some form of regulatory intervention will generally be rated between 'B' and 'C' on the Long-Term IFS Rating scales (both International and National). International Short-Term IFS Ratings assigned under the same circumstances will align with the insurer's International Long-Term IFS Ratings.




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APPENDIX C

SUMMARY OF ADVISER PROXY VOTING POLICY
AND PROCEDURES


The Adviser votes proxies for Clients unless (i) a Client elects to retain proxy voting authority in the applicable investment advisory agreement or (ii) the Client is a sub-advised Fund and voting authority has been delegated to the sub-adviser in the applicable investment sub-advisory agreement. The Adviser’s Proxy Committee provides oversight of the Adviser’s proxy voting activities with respect to portfolio securities held in Client accounts. Clients that wish to vote proxies in a particular manner must retain proxy voting authority in the investment advisory agreement.

The Adviser has established the Calvert Funds’ Global Proxy Voting Guidelines (the “Guidelines”) and will vote proxies for all Clients in accordance with the Guidelines. The Guidelines are consistent with the Calvert Principles of Responsible Investment.

The Adviser has also adopted proxy voting policies and procedures (the “Proxy Voting Policy”) that it believes are reasonably designed to address proxy voting issues that raise potential conflicts of interest. The Proxy Voting Policy seeks to ensure that the Adviser votes proxies in the best interests of its Clients and in accordance with the Guidelines.

The Adviser’s Proxy Committee is responsible for monitoring and resolving material conflicts between the Adviser’s interests and those of its Clients with respect to proxy voting. Adherence to the Guidelines should help to avoid any such conflicts of interest between and any Client account or between different Client accounts. When the Guidelines do not address the manner in which a particular proxy should be voted, the Adviser will contact the Client (or, in the case of the Calvert Funds, the Client’s Audit Committee) to resolve any possible conflict.

Clients may obtain information about how the Adviser voted proxies and its Proxy Voting Policy by emailing Jason Schumacher, Vice President and Fund Oversight Senior Manager, at JSchumacher@EatonVance.com.



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APPENDIX D

GLOBAL PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES FOR
CALVERT FAMILY OF FUNDS


I.  INTRODUCTION

Calvert believes that sound corporate governance and overall corporate sustainability and social responsibility characterize healthy corporations.  A well-governed sustainable and socially responsible company meets high standards of corporate ethics and operates in the best interests of other stakeholders (employees, customers, communities and the environment).  In our view, companies that combine good governance and corporate sustainability and social responsibility are better positioned for long-term success.

Long-Term Value.  Responsible, healthy companies focus on long-term value creation that aligns the interests of management with those of shareowners and other stakeholders.  Good governance is likely to be compromised when a company becomes myopic, focusing on current earnings expectations and other short-term goals rather than the fundamental soundness of the enterprise over the longer term.  A focus on long-term value creation also increases the relevance of companies’ environmental management, treatment of workers and communities, and other sustainability and social responsibility factors.  Just as a short-term focus on earnings performance can compromise long-term shareowner interests, so can poor treatment of workers, communities, the environment or other stakeholders create short-term gain while increasing risks and compromising performance over the longer term.  Calvert’s proxy voting guidelines support governance structures and policies that keep the focus of company management on long-term corporate health and sustainable financial, social and environmental performance.

Accountability.  Management of a company must be accountable to the board of directors; the board must be accountable to the company’s shareowners; and the board and management together must be accountable to the stakeholders.  Some governance structures by their very nature weaken accountability, including corporations that are too insulated from possible takeovers.  Certain other governance structures are well suited to manage this accountability:  independent boards that represent a wide variety of interests and perspectives; full disclosure of company performance on financial, environmental, and social metrics; charters, bylaws, and procedures that allow shareholders to express their wishes and concerns; and compensation structures that work to align the interests and time-frames of management and owners.  Calvert’s proxy voting guidelines support structures that create and reinforce accountability, and oppose those that do not.

Sustainability.  Well-governed companies are those whose operations are financially, socially and environmentally sustainable. Sustainability requires fair treatment of shareholders and other stakeholders in order to position the company for continued viability and growth over time.  Effective corporate governance, like national governance, cannot indefinitely ignore or exploit certain groups or interests to the benefit of others without incurring mounting risks for the corporation.  For example, companies that provide excessive compensation to executives at the expense of other employees and shareowners are creating risks that may be expressed in rising employee turnover or activist campaigns targeting corporate practices.  Companies that fail to account for potential liabilities associated with climate change may be creating risks that will be expressed in costly government regulation or uninsured catastrophic losses.  Calvert’s proxy voting guidelines aim to support sustainable governance that attends fairly to the interests of shareowners, workers, communities and the environment.

As a long-term equity investor, Calvert strives to encourage corporate responsibility, which includes respectful treatment of workers, suppliers, customers and communities, environmental stewardship, product integrity and high standards of corporate ethics as well as more traditional measures of sound corporate governance.  Companies that combine good governance and social responsibility strive to avoid unnecessary financial risk while serving the interests of both shareowners and stakeholders.  In our view, Good Governance + Sustainability and Social Responsibility = Corporate Responsibility.

On behalf of our shareholders, Calvert Funds generally vote our proxies in accordance with the positions set forth in these Proxy Voting Guidelines (“the Guidelines”).  The Guidelines are not meant to be exhaustive, nor can they anticipate every potential voting issue on which the Funds may be asked to cast their proxies.  There also may be instances when the Adviser votes the Funds’ shares in a manner that does not strictly adhere to or is inconsistent with these Guidelines if doing so is in the best interests of the Funds’ shareholders. Also, to the extent that the Guidelines do not address potential voting issues, the Funds delegate to the appropriate adviser the authority to act on its behalf to promote the applicable Funds’ investment objectives and social goals.  To the extent the Funds vote proxies in a manner not strictly in accordance with these Guidelines, and such votes present a potential conflict of interest, the Funds will proceed in accordance with Section IV below.

When support for or opposition to a proxy proposal as described below is qualified with the term, “ordinarily,” this means that the Fund adviser generally foresees voting all shares as described except in special circumstances where the adviser determines that a contrary vote may be in the best interests of Fund shareholders.



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When support for or opposition to a proxy proposal is qualified by the expression, “on a case by case basis,” this means that the Fund adviser cannot determine in advance whether such proposals are generally in the best interests of Fund shareholders and will reserve judgment until such time as the specific proposal is reviewed and evaluated.

When we use the term, “shareholder,” we are referring to Calvert’s mutual fund shareholders whose proxy votes we cast in accordance with these Guidelines.  When we use the term, “shareowner,” we are referring to the equity owners of stock in publicly traded corporations.

Calvert appreciates that issues brought to shareholders may change over time, as both investors’ concerns and rules governing inclusion of specific items in corporate proxies change.  Corporate governance laws and best practices codes are continuously evolving, worldwide. We have constructed these Guidelines to be both general enough and sufficiently flexible to adapt to such changes.  Internationally, corporate governance codes have more in common with each other than do the laws and cultures of the countries in which the companies are domiciled. In light of these different regulatory contexts the Fund adviser will assess both best practices in the country in question and consistency with the Fund's Guidelines prior to voting proxies. To that end, we have not attempted to address every specific issue that may arise on a proxy ballot.

Calvert’s proxy voting record is available on the Funds’ web site, www.calvert.com, and on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s website at www.sec.gov.

II.  CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

A.  Board and Governance Issues

The board of directors (“the board”) is responsible for the overall governance of the corporation, including representing the interests of shareowners and overseeing the company’s relationships with other stakeholders.  While company boards in most countries do not have a statutory responsibility to protect stakeholders, the duties of care and loyalty encompass the brand, financial, and reputational risks that can result from inadequate attention to stakeholder interests.  Thus, in our view, a board’s fiduciary duties encompass stakeholder relations as well as protecting shareowner interests.

One of the most fundamental sources of good governance is independence.  Directors who have financial or other affiliations with companies on whose boards they serve may face conflicts of interest between their own interests and those of the corporation’s shareowners and other stakeholders.  In our view, the board should be composed of a majority of independent directors and key committees, including the audit, compensation, and nominating and/or governance committees, should be composed exclusively of independent directors.

Independent directors are those who do not have a material financial or personal relationship with the company or any of its managers that could compromise the director’s objectivity and fiduciary responsibility to shareowners.  In general, this means that an independent director should have no affiliation with the company other than a seat on the board and (in some cases) ownership of sufficient company stock to give the director a stake in the company’s financial performance, but not so great as to constitute a controlling or significant interest.

Because the board’s ability to represent shareowners independently of management can be compromised when the Chair is also a member of management, it is beneficial for the Chair of the board to be an independent director.

Another critical component of good governance is diversity.  Well-governed companies benefit from a wide diversity of perspective and background on their boards.  To bring such diversity to the board, directors should be chosen to reflect diversity of experience, perspective, expertise, gender, race, culture, age and geography.  Calvert believes that in an increasingly complex global marketplace, the ability to draw on a wide range of viewpoints, backgrounds, skills, and experience is critical to a company's success. Corporate diversity helps companies increase the likelihood of making the right strategic and operational decisions, contributes to a more positive public image and reputation, and catalyzes efforts to recruit, retain, and promote the best people, including women and minorities.

Private companies may take some time to achieve an adequate balance of diversity and independence on their boards.  Therefore, for private companies, the fund adviser will vote on a case-by-case basis on board independence and board diversity matters.

Each director should also be willing and able to devote sufficient time and effort to the duties of a director.  Directors who routinely fail to attend board meetings, regardless of the number of boards on which they serve, are not devoting sufficient attention to good corporate governance.



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The board should periodically evaluate its performance, the performance of its various committees, and the performance of individual board members in governing the corporation.

Board Independence

·

The Fund adviser will oppose slates of directors without at least a majority of independent directors.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals requesting that the majority of directors be independent and that the board audit, compensation and/or nominating committees be composed exclusively of independent directors.

·

The Fund adviser will oppose non-independent directors candidates nominated to the audit, compensation and/or nominating committees.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals seeking to separate the positions of Chair of the board and Chief Executive Officer as well as resolutions asking for the Chair to be an independent director.    

Board Diversity

·

The Fund adviser will oppose slates of directors that result in a board that does not include gender, racial and diversity of perspective.

·

The Fund adviser may oppose individual director candidates or slates of directors if the board fails to include the necessary breadth and depth of relevant skills, experience and background to ensure adequate oversight of company management.

·

The Fund adviser may oppose individual directors who serve as members of the nominating committee and have failed to establish gender and/or racial diversity as a factor in new board member searches.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals requesting that companies adopt policies or nominating committee charters to assure that diversity is a key attribute of every director search.

Board Accountability

·

The Fund adviser will oppose slates of directors in situations where the company failed to take action on shareowner proposals that were approved by the majority of votes cast in the prior year.

·

The Fund adviser will oppose directors if at the previous board election, any director received more than 50 percent opposition (based on shares cast) and the company failed to address the underlying issues that caused the high opposition.

·

The Fund adviser will oppose directors if the board implements an advisory vote on executive compensation on a less frequent basis than the frequency approved by shareholders.

·

The Fund adviser will oppose directors when the company’s poison pill has a “dead-hand” or “modified dead-hand” feature.

·

The Fund adviser will oppose directors if the board adopts a poorly structured poison pill without shareholder approval.

·

The Fund adviser will oppose directors if the board makes a material adverse change to an existing poison pill without shareholder approval.

·

The Fund adviser will evaluate on a case-by-case basis and potentially oppose director nominees for Environment, Social, and Governance (ESG) failures.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily oppose director candidates who have not attended a sufficient number of meetings of the board or key committees on which they served to effectively discharge their duties as directors.

·

The Fund adviser will oppose directors who sit on more than four public company boards and oppose directors who serve as CEO and sit on more than two additional boards.  

Board Committee on Sustainability/Corporate Social Responsibility Issues

Shareholders have filed binding resolutions seeking the creation of a board committee dedicated to long term strategic thinking and risk management of sustainability issues including environment, human rights, diversity and others. While we believe all directors should be informed and active on sustainability issues, we do see the value of a focused sustainability committee.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support the creation of a board level committee on sustainability/corporate social responsibility issues.  



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Limitations, Director Liability and Indemnification

Because of increased litigation brought against directors of corporations and the increased costs of director's liability insurance, many states have passed laws limiting director liability for actions taken in good faith. It is argued that such indemnification is necessary for companies to be able to attract the most qualified individuals to their boards.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals seeking to indemnify directors and limit director liability for acts excluding fraud or other wanton or willful misconduct or illegal acts, but will oppose proposals seeking to indemnify directors for all acts.

Limit Directors' Tenure

Corporate directors generally may stand for re-election indefinitely.  Opponents of this practice suggest that limited tenure would inject new perspectives into the boardroom as well as possibly creating room for directors from diverse backgrounds.  However, continuity is also important and there are other mechanisms such as voting against or withholding votes during the election of directors, which shareholders can use to voice their opposition to certain candidates.  It may be in the best interests of the shareowners for long-serving directors to remain on the board, providing they maintain their independence as well as the independent perspective they bring to the board.

·

The Fund adviser will examine and vote on a case-by-case basis proposals to limit director tenure.

·

The Fund adviser will oppose incumbent nominating committee board members where average board tenure is 12 years or greater and the company exhibits a record of poor performance.

Director Stock Ownership

Advocates of requirements that directors own shares of company stock argue that stock ownership helps to align the interests of directors with the interests of shareowners.  Yet there are ways that such requirements may also undermine good governance. For example, limiting board service only to those who can afford to purchase shares or encouraging companies to use stock awards as part or all of director compensation.  In the latter case, unless there are mandatory holding requirements or other stipulations that help to assure that director and shareowner incentives are indeed aligned, awards of stock as compensation can create conflicts of interest where board members may make decisions for personal gain rather than for the benefit of shareowners.  Thus, in some circumstances director stock ownership requirements may be beneficial and in others detrimental to the creation of long-term shareowner value.

·

The Fund adviser will examine and vote on a case-by-case basis proposals requiring that corporate directors own shares in the company.

·

The Fund adviser will oppose excessive awards of stock or stock options to directors.  

Director Elections

Contested Election of Directors

Contested elections of directors frequently occur when a board or shareholder nominated candidate or slate runs for the purpose of seeking a significant change or improvement in corporate policy, control, or structure. Competing slates will be evaluated based upon the personal qualifications of the candidates, the economic impact of the policies that they advance, and their expressed and demonstrated commitment to the interests of all shareholders.

·

The Fund adviser will evaluate director nominees on case-by-case basis in contested election of directors.

·

The Fund adviser will oppose individual director candidates or slates of directors if the board fails to include the necessary breadth and depth of relevant skills, experience and background to ensure adequate oversight of company management.

Classified or Staggered Boards

On a classified (or staggered) board, directors are divided into separate classes with directors in each class elected to overlapping three-year terms. Companies argue that such boards offer continuity in strategic direction, which promotes long-term planning. However, in some instances these structures may deter legitimate efforts to elect new directors or takeover attempts that may benefit shareowners.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals to elect all board members annually and to remove classified boards.



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Majority Vote Standard

A majority voting standard allows shareholders with a majority of votes in favor or against determine the election of board nominees.  Currently, most board elections are uncontested and allow directors to be elected with a plurality of votes.  Calvert believes majority voting increases director accountability to shareholders, as directors recognize shareholders have a voice in the election process.

·

The Fund adviser will generally support both precatory and binding resolutions seeking to establish a majority vote standard.

Cumulative Voting

Cumulative voting allows shareowners to "stack" their votes behind one or a few directors running for the board, thereby helping a minority of shareowners to win board representation. Cumulative voting gives minority shareowners a voice in corporate affairs proportionate to their actual strength in voting shares.  However, like many tools, cumulative voting can be misused.  In general, where shareowner rights and voice are well protected by a strong, diverse, and independent board and key committees, where shareowners may call special meetings or act by written consent, and in the absence of strong anti-takeover provisions, cumulative voting is usually unnecessary.

·

The Fund adviser will examine and vote on a case-by-case basis proposals calling for cumulative voting in the election of directors.  

Shareholder Rights

Supermajority Vote Requirements

Supermajority vote requirements in a company's charter or bylaws require a level of voting approval in excess of a simple majority. Generally, supermajority provisions require at least 2/3 affirmative votes for passage of issues.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily oppose supermajority vote requirements.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals to reduce supermajority shareholder vote requirements for charter amendments, mergers and other significant business combinations.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals that request the Board to take or initiate the steps necessary to amend the Company’s governing documents to provide that all non-binding matters presented by shareholders shall be decided by a simple majority of the votes cast for and against an item but not abstentions.

·

The Fund adviser will vote on a case-by-case basis proposals submitted by shareholder(s) who own a significant amount of company stock, taking into account: a) ownership structure; b) quorum requirements; and c) supermajority vote requirements.

Shareowner Access to Proxy

Equal access proposals ask companies to give shareowners access to proxy materials to state their views on contested issues, including director nominations. In some cases, such proposals allow shareowners holding a certain percentage of shares to nominate directors.  There is no reason why management should be allowed to nominate directors while shareowners - whom directors are supposed to represent - are deprived of the same right.  We support the view that shareowners should be granted access to the proxy ballot in the nomination of directors.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support management and shareholder proposals that grant  shareowner access to the proxy ballot.

·

The Fund adviser will examine and vote on a case-by-case basis proposals that create threshold targets for shareowner access to the proxy ballot with respect to factors including the ownership threshold and the holding period duration.

Restrictions on Shareowners Acting by Written Consent

Written consent allows shareowners to initiate and carry out a shareowner action without waiting until the annual meeting, or by calling a special meeting.  It permits action to be taken by the written consent of the same percentage of outstanding shares that would be required to effect the proposed action at a shareowner meeting.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily oppose proposals to restrict, limit or eliminate the right of shareowners to act by written consent.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals to allow or facilitate shareowner action by written consent.



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Restrictions on Shareowners Calling Meetings

It is common for company management to retain the right to call special meetings of shareowners at any time, but shareowners often do not have similar rights.  In general, we support the right of shareowners to call special meetings, even in extraordinary circumstances, such as consideration of a takeover bid.  Restrictions on the right of shareowners to call a meeting can also restrict the ability of shareowners to force company management to consider shareowner proposals or director candidates.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily oppose restrictions on the right of shareowners to call special meetings; as such, restrictions limit the right of shareowners to participate in governance.

Dual or Multiple Classes of Stock

In order to maintain corporate control in the hands of a certain group of shareowners, companies may seek to create multiple classes of stock with differing rights pertaining to voting and dividends.  Creation of multiple classes of stock limits the right of some shareowners - often a majority of shareowners - to exercise influence over the governance of the corporation.  This approach in turn diffuses directors’ incentives to exercise appropriate oversight and control over management.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily oppose proposals to create dual classes of stock.  However, the adviser will examine and vote on a case-by-case basis proposals to create classes of stock offering different dividend rights (such as one class that pays cash dividends and a second that pays stock dividends), and may support such proposals if they do not limit shareowner rights.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals to recapitalize stock such that each share is equal to one vote.

Ratification of Auditor and Audit Committee

The annual shareholder ratification of the outside auditors is standard practice.  While it is recognized that the company is in the best position to evaluate the competence of the outside auditors, we believe that outside auditors must ultimately be accountable to shareowners.  Further, Calvert recognizes the critical responsibilities of the audit committee and its members including the oversight of financial statements and internal reporting controls.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily oppose proposals seeking ratification of the auditor when the adviser determines that the independence of the auditor may be compromised.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals to adopt a policy to ensure that the auditor will only provide audit services to the company and not provide other services.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals that set a reasonable mandatory rotation of the auditor (at least every five years).

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals that call for more stringent measures to ensure auditor independence.

In a number of countries companies routinely appoint internal statutory auditors.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support the appointment or reelection of internal statutory auditors unless there are concerns about audit methods used or the audit reports produced, or if there are questions regarding the auditors being voted on.

In some countries, shareholder election of auditors is not common practice.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals that call for the annual election of auditors by shareholders.

Audit Committee

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily oppose members of the audit committee where the audit committee has approved an audit contract where non-audit fees exceed audit fees or in any other case where the adviser determines that the independence of the auditor may be compromised.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily oppose members of the audit committee at companies with ineffective internal controls, considering whether the company has a history of accounting issues, or significant recent problems, and the board’s response to them.



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Transparency and Disclosure

International corporate governance is constantly changing and there have been waves of development of governance codes around the world.  The common thread throughout all of these codes is that shareowners want their companies to be transparent.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals that call for full disclosure of company financial performance.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals that call for an annual financial audit by external and independent auditors.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals that call for disclosure of ownership, structure, and objectives of companies, including the rights of minority shareholders vis-à-vis the rights of major shareholders.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals that call for disclosure of corporate governance codes and structures, including efforts to mitigate risk and promote a compliance-oriented corporate culture.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals that call for disclosure of related party transactions.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals that call for disclosure of the board nominating process.

Litigation Rights/Exclusive Venue and Fee Shifting Bylaw Provisions

Bylaw provisions effecting shareholders' ability to bring suit against the company may include exclusive venue provisions, which provide that the state of incorporation shall be the sole venue for certain types of litigation and fee-shifting provisions that require a shareholder who sues a company unsuccessfully to pay all litigation expenses of the defendant corporation.

·

The Fund adviser will vote on a case-by-case basis on bylaw changes affecting shareholders’ litigation rights.

B.  Executive and Employee Compensation

Executive risks and rewards need to be better aligned with those of employees, shareowners and the long-term performance of the corporation.  Prosperity should be shared broadly within a company, as should the downside risk of share ownership.  Executive compensation packages should also be transparent and shareowners should have the right and responsibility to vote on compensation plans and strategy.

There are many companies whose executive compensation seems disconnected from the actual performance of the corporation and creation of shareowner value.  The structure of these compensation plans often determines the level of alignment between management and shareowner interests.  Calvert stresses the importance of pay-for-performance, where executive compensation is linked to clearly defined and rigorous criteria.  These executives should not only enjoy the benefits when the company performs well, but boards should ensure executives are accordingly penalized when they are unable to meet established performance criteria.

Stock option plans transfer significant amounts of wealth from shareowners to highly paid executives and directors.  Reasonable limits must be set on dilution caused by such plans, which should be designed to provide incentives as opposed to risk-free rewards.

Disclosure of CEO, Executive, Board and Employee Compensation

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals requesting companies disclose compensation practices and policies--including salaries, option awards, bonuses, and restricted stock grants--of top management, Board of Directors, and employees.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals requesting that companies disclose links between firm financial performance and annual compensation packages of top management, Board of Directors, and employees.



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CEO and Executive Compensation

·

The Fund adviser will oppose executive compensation proposals if we determine that the compensation does not reflect the financial, economic and social circumstances of the company (i.e., during times of financial strains or underperformance).

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals seeking to establish an annual shareholder advisory vote on compensation.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily oppose proposals seeking shareholder ratification of the company's executive officers' compensation (also known as an Advisory Vote on Compensation) if executive risks and rewards are not aligned with the interests of shareowners and the long-term performance of the corporation.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily oppose compensation proposals if the plan lacks a sufficient connection to performance, or lacks adequate disclosure, or contains features that are considered to be problematic or clearly deviate from best market practice without adequate justification.

Compensation Committee

·

The Fund adviser may oppose members of the compensation committee and potentially the full board when it is determined they have approved compensation plans that are deemed excessive or have not amended their policies in response to shareholder concern.

Executive & Employee Stock Option Plans

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily oppose proposals to approve stock option plans in which the dilutive effect exceeds 10 percent of share value.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily oppose proposals to approve stock option plans that do not contain provisions prohibiting automatic re-pricing, unless such plans are indexed to a peer group or other measurement so long as the performance benchmark is predetermined prior to the grant date and not subject to change retroactively.

·

The Fund adviser will examine and ordinarily oppose proposals for re-pricing of underwater options.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily oppose proposals to approve stock option plans that have option exercise prices below the market price on the day of the grant.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals requiring that all option plans and option re-pricing is submitted for shareholder approval.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily oppose proposals to approve stock option plans with “evergreen” features, reserving a specified percentage of stock for award each year with no termination date.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals to approve stock option plans for outside directors subject to the same constraints previously described.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals to approve Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) created to promote active employee ownership (e.g., those that pass through voting rights on all matters to a trustee or fiduciary who is independent from company management).  The Fund advisor will oppose any ESOP whose primary purpose is to prevent a corporate takeover.

Expensing of Stock Options

Calvert’s view is that the expensing of stock options gives shareholders valuable additional information about companies’ financial performance, and should therefore be encouraged.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals requesting that companies expense stock options.

Pay Equity

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals requesting that management provide a pay equity report.

Ratio between CEO and Worker Pay

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals requesting that management report on the ratio between CEO and employee compensation.

·

The Fund adviser will examine and vote on a case-by-case basis proposals requesting management to set a maximum limit on executive compensation.  



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Executive Compensation Tie to Non-Financial Performance

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals asking companies to review their executive compensation as it links to non-financial performance such as diversity, labor and human rights, environment, community relations, and other sustainability and/or corporate social responsibility-related issues.

Severance Agreements

Severance payments are compensation agreements that provide for top executives who are terminated or demoted pursuant to a takeover or other change in control. Companies argue that such provisions are necessary to keep executives from "jumping ship" during potential takeover attempts. Calvert believes boards should allow shareholders the ability to ratify such severance or change in control agreements to determine if such awards are excessive and unnecessary.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals providing shareowners the right to ratify adoption of severance or change in control agreements.

·

The Fund adviser will examine and vote on a case-by-case basis severance or change in control agreements, based upon an evaluation of the particular agreement itself and taking into consideration total management compensation, the employees covered by the plan, quality of management, size of the payout and any leveraged buyout or takeover restrictions.

·

The Fund adviser will oppose the election of compensation committee members who approve severance agreements that are not ratified by shareowners.

C.  Mergers, Acquisitions, Spin-offs, and Other Corporate Restructuring

Mergers and acquisitions frequently raise significant issues of corporate strategy, and as such should be considered very carefully by shareowners.  Mergers, in particular, may have the effect of profoundly changing corporate governance, for better or worse, as two corporations with different cultures, traditions, and strategies become one.

Considering the Non-Financial Effects of a Merger Proposal

Such proposals allow or require the board to consider the impact of merger decisions on various stakeholders, including employees, communities of place or interest, customers, and business partners, and give the board the right to reject a tender offer on the grounds that it would adversely affect the company's stakeholders.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals that consider non-financial impacts of mergers.

·

The Fund adviser will examine and vote on a case-by-case basis all merger and acquisition proposals, and will support those that offer value to shareowners while protecting or improving the company’s social, environmental, and governance performance.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily oppose proposals for corporate acquisition, takeover, restructuring plans that include significant new takeover defenses or that pose other potential financial, social, or environmental risks or liabilities.

Opt-Out of State Anti-takeover Law

Several states have enacted anti-takeover statutes to protect companies against hostile takeovers.  In some, directors or shareowners are required to opt in for such provisions to be operational; in others, directors or shareowners may opt out.  Hostile takeovers come in many forms.  Some offer advantages to shareowners by replacing current management with more effective management.  Others do not.  Shareowners of both the acquirer and the target firms stand to lose or gain significantly, depending on the terms of the takeover, the strategic attributes of the takeover, and the price and method of acquisition.  In general, shareowners should have the right to consider all potential takeovers, hostile or not, and vote their shares based on their assessment of the particular offer.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals for bylaw changes allowing a company to opt out of state anti-takeover laws and will oppose proposals requiring companies to opt into state anti-takeover statutes.  



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Unilateral Charter, Bylaws and Amendments

Boards should not be allowed to make bylaw/charter amendments changes that adversely affect shareholder rights without seeking shareholder ratification of the amendments. This policy codifies our current approach to unilateral bylaw/charter amendments and the issue of companies adopting a suite of shareholder-unfriendly governance provisions shortly before, or on the date of, their initial public offerings ("IPOs"). The policy addresses this trend in IPO-related amendments by considering it a factor when determining a vote recommendation on directors.

There may be proposals involving changes to corporate charters or by-laws that are not otherwise addressed in or anticipated by these Guidelines.

·

The Fund adviser will generally oppose or withhold from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board (except new nominees, who should be considered on a case-by-case basis) if the board amends the company's bylaws or charter without shareholder approval in a manner that materially diminishes shareholders' rights or that could adversely affect shareholders.

·

The Fund adviser will examine and vote on a case-by-case basis proposals to amend or change corporate charter or by-laws, and may support such proposals if they are deemed consistent with shareholders’ best interests and the principles of sound governance and overall corporate social responsibility/sustainability underlying these Guidelines.

Reincorporation

Corporations are bound by the laws of the states in which they are incorporated.  Companies reincorporate for a variety of reasons, including shifting incorporation to a state where the company has its most active operations or corporate headquarters.  In other cases, reincorporation is done to take advantage of stronger state corporate takeover laws, or to reduce tax or regulatory burdens.  In these instances, reincorporation may result in greater costs to stakeholders, or in loss of valuable shareowner rights. Finally, changes in state law have made reincorporating in certain locations more or less favorable to governance issues such as shareholder rights.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals to reincorporate for valid business reasons (such as reincorporating in the same state as the corporate headquarters).

·

The Fund adviser will review on case-by-case basis proposals to reincorporate for improvements in governance structure and policies (such as reincorporating in states like North Dakota, with shareholder friendly provisions).

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily oppose proposals to reincorporate outside the United States if the adviser determines that such reincorporation is no more than the establishment of a skeleton offshore headquarters or mailing address for purposes of tax avoidance, and the company does not have substantial business activities in the country in which it proposes to reincorporate.

Common Stock Authorization

Companies may choose to increase their authorization of common stock for a variety of reasons.  In some instances, the intended purpose of the increased authorization may clearly benefit shareowners; in others, the benefits to shareowners are less clear.  Given that increased authorization of common stock is dilutive, except where the authorization is being used to facilitate a stock split or stock dividend, proposed increases in authorized common stock must be examined carefully to determine whether the benefits of issuing additional stock outweigh the potential dilution.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals authorizing the issuance of additional common stock necessary to facilitate a stock split.

·

The Fund adviser will examine and vote on a case-by case basis proposals authorizing the issuance of additional common stock.  If the company already has a large amount of stock authorized but not issued, or reserved for its stock option plans, or where the request is to increase shares by more than 100 percent of the current authorization, the Fund adviser will ordinarily oppose the proposals (unless there is a convincing business plan for use of additional authorized common stock) due to concerns that the authorized but unissued shares will be used as a poison pill or other takeover defense.



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Blank Check Preferred Stock

Blank check preferred stock is stock with a fixed dividend and a preferential claim on company assets relative to common shares. The terms of the stock (voting, dividend, and conversion rights) are set by the board at a future date without further shareowner action. While such an issue can in theory have legitimate corporate purposes, most often it has been used as an anti-takeover device.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily oppose the creation of blank check preferred stock.  In addition, the Fund adviser will ordinarily oppose increases in authorization of preferred stock with unspecified terms and conditions of use that may be determined by the board at a future date, without approval of shareholders.

Poison Pills

Poison pills (or shareowner rights plans) are triggered by an unwanted takeover attempt and cause a variety of events to occur which may make the company financially less attractive to the suitor. Typically, directors have enacted these plans without shareowner approval. Most poison pill resolutions deal with shareowner ratification of poison pills or repealing them altogether.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals calling for shareowner approval of poison pills or shareholder rights plans.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily oppose poison pills or shareowner rights plans.

Greenmail

Greenmail is the premium a takeover target firm offers to a corporate raider in exchange for the raider’s shares.  This usually means that the bidder’s shares are purchased at a price higher than market price, discriminating against other shareowners.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support anti-greenmail provisions and oppose the payment of greenmail.

III.  CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

A.  Sustainability Reporting

The global economy of the 21st century must find ways to encourage new approaches to wealth creation that raises living standards (particularly in the developing world) while preserving and protecting fragile ecosystems and vital resources that did not factor into previous economic models.  In response to this new imperative, the notion of sustainability (or sustainable development) has emerged as a core theme of public policy and corporate responsibility.  Investors increasingly see financial materiality in corporate management of environmental, social and governance issues. Producing and disclosing a sustainability report demonstrates that a company is broadly aware of business risks and opportunities and has established programs to manage its exposure.  As companies strive to translate the concept of sustainability into practice and measure their performance, this has created a growing demand for broadly accepted sustainability performance indicators and reporting guidelines.  There are many forms of sustainability reporting, with one of the most comprehensive systems being the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) reporting guidelines.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals asking companies to prepare sustainability reports, including publishing annual reports in accordance with the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) or other reasonable international codes of conduct or reporting models.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals requesting that companies conduct social and/or environmental audits of their performance.

B.  Environment

All corporations have an impact on the environment. A company's environmental policies and performance can have a substantial effect on the firm's financial performance. We expect management to take all reasonable steps to reduce negative environmental impacts and a company’s overall environmental footprint.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals to reduce negative environmental impacts and a company’s overall environmental footprint, including any threats to biodiversity in ecologically sensitive areas.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals asking companies to report on their environmental practices, policies and impacts, including environmental damage and health risks resulting from operations, and the impact of environmental liabilities on shareowner value.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals asking companies to prepare a comprehensive report on recycling or waste management efforts, to increase recycling efforts, or to adopt a formal recycling policy.



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Ceres Principles

The Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies (Ceres), a coalition comprised of social investors and environmental organizations, has developed an environmental corporate code of conduct.  The Ceres Principles ask corporations to conduct environmental audits of their operations, establish environmental management practices, assume responsibility for damage they cause to the environment and take other leadership initiatives on the environment.  Shareholder resolutions are frequently introduced asking companies to: 1) become signatories of the Ceres Principles; or 2) produce a report addressing management’s response to each of the points raised in the Ceres Principles.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals requesting that a company become a signatory to the Ceres Principles.

Climate Change Mitigation

Shareholder initiatives on climate change have focused on companies that contribute materially to climate change.  Increasingly, corporations in a wide variety of industries are facing shareowner proposals on climate change as shareowners recognize that companies can take cost-effective-and often cost-saving-steps to reduce energy use that contribute to climate change.  Initiatives have included proposals requesting companies to disclose information, using various guidelines.  This includes information about the company’s impact on climate change, policies and targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing energy efficiency, and substituting renewable energy resources for fossil fuels.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals requesting that companies disclose information on greenhouse gas emissions or take specific actions, at reasonable cost, to mitigate climate change, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions and developing and using renewable or other less-polluting energy sources.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals seeking the preparation of a report on a company’s activities related to the development of renewable energy sources.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals seeking increased investment in renewable energy sources unless the terms of the resolution are overly restrictive.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals seeking an assessment of a company’s impact on financed emissions through their operations, lending, and borrowing activities.

Climate Change Adaptation

Shareholder initiatives on climate change may also focus on companies that are particularly at risk from disruptions due to climate change.  Companies may face physical risk in operations or in the supply chain, or price shocks or disruptions of key raw materials, or other impacts.  Initiatives have included proposals that request companies to disclose these potential risks and detail measures taken to understand and mitigate risks.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals seeking the preparation of a report on the company’s risks due to climate change.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals seeking disclosure of the company’s plans to adapt to climate change.

Chemical and Other Global Sustainability Concerns

In the absence of truly effective regulation, it is largely up to companies to manage (and disclose information concerning) the use of harmful chemicals in the products we encounter every day. Shareholder initiatives with companies may focus on other planetary boundaries and global sustainability concerns and risks (not mentioned elsewhere in this section) as defined by the Stockholm Resilience Center. Such initiatives may include information about the company’s impact on atmospheric aerosol loading, ozone depletion, and other impacts on our Earth’s atmosphere; nitrogen and phosphorus use; and chemical pollution and dispersion globally.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals seeking the preparation of a report on a company’s risks linked to atmospheric aerosol loading, ozone depletion, and other impacts on our Earth’s atmosphere.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals seeking the preparation of a report on a company’s risks linked to nitrogen and phosphorus use.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals seeking the preparation of a report on a company’s operations and products impacts on chemical pollution and dispersion globally including dispersion of chemicals and plastics globally throughout global ecosystems, and other associated risks.



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Water

Proposals may be filed that ask a company to prepare a report evaluating the business risks linked to water use and impacts on the company’s supply chain and the company’s operations, including subsidiaries and water user partners. Such proposals may also ask companies to disclose current policies and procedures for mitigating the impact of operations on local communities or ecosystems globally including open ocean, near-shore ocean, coastal, freshwater, and aquifer impacts, including any broad hydrological system impacts.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals seeking the preparation of a report on a company’s risks linked to water use or impacts to water, including but not limited to water quality and ocean acidification.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals seeking the adoption of programs and policies that enhance access and affordability to safe drinking water and sanitation.

Environmental Justice

Quite often, corporate activities that damage the environment have a disproportional impact on poor people, people of color, Indigenous Peoples and other marginalized groups.  For example, companies will sometimes locate environmentally damaging operations in poor communities or in developing countries where poor or Indigenous Peoples have little or no voice in political and economic affairs.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals asking companies to report on whether environmental and health risks posed by their activities fall disproportionately on any one group or groups, and to take action to reduce those risks at reasonable cost to the company.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals asking companies to respect the rights of local and indigenous communities to participate in decisions affecting their local environment.

Land-Use Change / Biodiversity Conservation / GMOs

Companies should disclose information regarding company policies, programs and performance indicators related to land-use change such as deforestation and degradation, agriculture, and biodiversity conservation.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals requesting greater transparency on companies biodiversity impacts of supply chain, energy usage, waste stream, products’ usage, products’ end of life, and associated risks.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals requesting greater transparency on companies land-use changes including deforestation and degradation and agriculture impacts from their supply chain, energy usage, waste stream, products’ usage, and products’ end of life, and associated risks.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals requesting greater transparency on companies GMOs impacts from their supply chain, energy usage, waste stream, products’ usage, and products’ end of life, and associated risks.

Hydraulic Fracturing

Companies should disclose information regarding company policies, programs and performance indicators related to oil and natural gas development employing well stimulation that utilizes hydraulic fracturing. Moreover, the Shale Gas Production Subcommittee commissioned by U.S. Secretary of Energy supports greater disclosure. The Subcommittee’s November 11, 2011, final report regarding its analysis of the measures “that can be taken to reduce the environmental impact and improve the safety of shale gas production” included the recommendation to “improve public information about shale gas operations U.S. Department of Energy. “Shale Gas Production Subcommittee Second 90-Day report.” November 11, 2011. http://www.shalegas.energy.gov/resources/111811_final_report.pdf..” As the Subcommittee’s report indicates, much of the conflict that has been associated with shale oil and gas development in the United States can be attributed to a lack of communication and transparency. Therefore, it would be a great disservice to stakeholders that benefit from responsible development of natural gas employing hydraulic fracturing if the progress of that development was impeded by insufficient disclosure of the policies, programs and performance metrics that govern and indicate the responsible management of oil and natural gas.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals requesting greater transparency on the practice of hydraulic fracturing and associated risks.



Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares

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SAI dated __, 2017


C.  Workplace Issues

Labor Relations

Companies’ treatment of their workers can have a pervasive effect on the performance of the enterprise, as well as on the communities and societies where such companies operate.  Calvert believes that well-governed, responsible corporations treat workers fairly in all locations, and avoid exploitation of poor or marginalized people.  Shareowner resolutions are sometimes filed asking companies to develop codes of conduct that address labor relations issues, including use of child labor, forced labor, safe working conditions, fair wages and the right to freedom of association and collective bargaining.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals requesting companies to adopt, report on, and agree to independent monitoring of codes of conduct addressing global labor and human rights practices.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals requesting that companies avoid exploitative labor practices, including child labor and forced labor.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals requesting that companies commit to providing safe workplaces.

Vendor/Supplier Standards

Special attention has been focused on companies that use offshore vendors to manufacture or supply products for resale in the United States.  While many offshore vendors have satisfactory workplace practices, there have also been many instances of abuse, including forced labor, child labor, discrimination, intimidation and harassment of workers seeking to associate, organize or bargain collectively, unsafe working conditions, and other very poor working conditions.  Shareowner resolutions are sometimes filed asking companies to adopt codes of conduct regarding vendor/supplier labor practices, to report on compliance with such codes, and to support independent third party monitoring of compliance.  At the heart of these proposals is the belief that corporations that operate globally have both the power and the responsibility to curtail abusive labor practices on the part of their suppliers and vendors.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals requesting that companies adopt codes of conduct and other vendor/supplier standards requiring that foreign suppliers and licensees comply with all applicable laws and/or international standards (such as the International Labor Organization’s core labor standards) regarding wages, benefits, working conditions, including laws and standards regarding discrimination, child labor and forced labor, worker health and safety, freedom of association and other rights.  This support includes proposals requesting compliance with vendor codes of conduct, compliance reporting, and third party monitoring or verification.

Diversity and Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO)

Women and minorities are still significantly underrepresented in the ranks of senior corporate management and other high-income positions, and overrepresented in the more poorly paid categories, including office and clerical workers and service workers.  This lack of diversity at all levels of the corporate enterprise can stifle the free expression of diverse perspectives and insights, reducing the level dynamism, adaptability to change, and ultimately competitive advantage. Furthermore, women and people of color have long been subject to discrimination in the workplace, thus depriving the company of the full benefit of their potential contributions.

Shareowner resolutions are sometimes filed asking companies to report on their efforts to meet or exceed federal EEO mandates. Typically, such reporting involves little additional cost to the corporation since most, if not all, of the data is already gathered to meet government-reporting requirements (all firms with more than 100 employees, or federal contractors with more than 50 employees, must file EEO-1 reports with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission).  Shareowner resolutions have also been filed asking companies to extend non-discrimination policies to gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender employees.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals asking companies to report on efforts to comply with federal EEO mandates.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals asking companies to report on their progress in meeting the recommendations of the Glass Ceiling Commission and to eliminate all vestiges of "glass ceilings" for women and minority employees.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals asking companies to include language in EEO statements specifically barring discrimination based on sexual orientation, and gender identity and/or expression, and to report on company initiatives to create a workplace free of discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity and/or expression.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals seeking reports on a company’s initiatives to create a workplace free of discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity and/or expression.



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·

The Fund adviser will oppose proposals that seek to eliminate protection already afforded to gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender employees.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals seeking more careful consideration of the use of racial, gender, or other stereotypes in advertising campaigns, including preparation of a report at reasonable cost to the company.  

Plant Closings

Federal law requires 60 days advance notice of major plant closings or layoffs.  Beyond such notice, however, many corporations provide very little in the way of support for workers losing jobs through layoffs or downsizing.  The way a company treats employees that are laid off often has a substantial impact on the morale and productivity of those that remain employed.  Programs aimed at assisting displaced workers are helpful both to those displaced and to the company’s ability to recover from market downturns or other setbacks resulting in layoffs or plant closings.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support resolutions asking companies to create or expand upon relocation programs for displaced workers.  

D.  International Operations and Human Rights

Business Activities and Investments

Global corporations often do business in countries lacking adequate legal or regulatory structures protecting workers, consumers, communities and the environment, or where lax enforcement renders existing laws ineffective.  Many companies have sought to lower costs by transferring operations to less regulated areas, or to low-wage areas.  Such activity is not always exploitative, but it can be.  In the past, transgressions of human rights in offshore operations were not well known or reported, but increasingly, company operations in countries with substandard labor or human rights records have come under much greater scrutiny.  The adverse publicity associated with allegations of sweatshop practices or other human rights abuses can also pose substantial brand or reputational risks for companies.

Many of the shareowner resolutions filed on international operations and human rights focus on specific countries or specific issues within these countries.  For example, shareowners have asked internet and communication technology companies to report on steps being taken to seek solutions regarding free expression and privacy challenges faced by companies doing business internationally; or to report on or comply with international standards aimed at protecting human rights on a global, sectoral or country basis such as the UN Global Compact, the UN Voluntary Principles on Human Rights and Security, UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and the International Labor Organization’s core labor standards. In some cases, resolutions have requested that companies report on operations and investments, or cease operations, in particular nations with repressive regimes or a history of human rights, labor abuses and/or genocide, such as Sudan or Burma.  In other cases, resolutions may oppose all company operations in a particular country; in others, the resolutions seek to limit particular industries or practices that are particularly egregious.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals requesting that companies develop human rights policies and periodic reporting on operations and investments in countries with repressive regimes and/or conflict zones.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals requesting that a company undertake due diligence appropriate to their industry and issues specific to their human rights risks.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals requesting a report discussing how investment policies address or could address human rights issues.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals requesting that companies adopt or support reasonable third-party codes of conduct or principles addressing human rights and discrimination.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals requesting that companies develop policies and protocols to eliminate bribery and corruption.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals requesting a report discussing how business practices and/or products limit or could limit freedom of expression or privacy.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals requesting a report discussing the company’s efforts to eliminate conflict minerals from supply chains.



Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares

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Internet Surveillance/Censorship and Data Security

Information technology sector companies often do business in countries with potentially repressive regimes, raising concerns that companies may be abetting repression and censorship of the Internet.  For instance, governments may use an ICT company’s technologies to track, monitor, identify, and suppress political dissent. Thus, companies’ interactions with governments could violate the Global Network Initiative’s Principles on Freedom of Expression and Privacy, the ICT sector’s predominating standards for protecting consumers’ rights in these areas.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals asking companies to adopt and/or disclose Internet privacy and censorship policies and procedures relating to privacy, freedom of speech, Internet censorship, government monitoring of the Internet, and government requests for customer data.

Unauthorized Images

Some corporations use images in their advertising or brands that are offensive to certain cultures, or that may perpetuate racism and bigotry.  For instance, some companies use American Indian symbols and imagery to advertise and market commercial products, including sports franchises. Others have used images or caricatures of African Americans, Jews, Latinos, or other minority or indigenous groups in ways that are objectionable to members of such groups.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals asking companies to avoid the unauthorized or improper use of images of racial, ethnic, or indigenous groups in the promotion of their products.

International Outsourcing Operations

Shareholder resolutions are sometimes filed calling on companies to report on their operating practices in international factories and plants located in production zones characterized by low taxation, low wages, and inadequate regulation.  Companies often operate in these regions under U.S. government-sponsored programs to promote international trade and economic development.  In addition, companies often aim to take advantage of limited regulatory frameworks that result in lower labor costs and fewer environmental and other regulations.  These types of operations have caused harmful social and environmental impacts, including severe violation of labor standards and outsized carbon emissions.  Calvert encourages companies to disclose supplier location information including, at a minimum, country-level operations and, optimally, suppliers’ specific identities and locations.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals calling for reports on treatment of workers and protection of human rights in international operations in locations characterized by low taxation, low labor costs, and inadequate regulation.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals calling for greater pay equity and fair treatment of workers, improved environmental practices, and stronger community support in offshore operations.

Access to Pharmaceuticals

The cost of medicine is a serious issue throughout the world.  In the United States, many citizens lack health insurance and many more lack a prescription drug benefit under Medicare or private insurance programs.  In Africa and in many other parts of the developing world, millions of people have already died from the AIDS virus and tens of millions more are infected.  Medications to treat AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis and other diseases are often so costly as to be out of reach of most of those affected.  Shareowner resolutions are sometimes filed asking pharmaceutical companies to take steps to make drugs more accessible and affordable to victims of pandemic or epidemic disease.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals asking pharmaceutical companies to take steps to make drugs more affordable and accessible for the treatment of HIV AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis and other serious diseases affecting poor countries or populations.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals asking companies with operations in heavily infected areas such as Africa to ensure that their workforces receive appropriate access to counseling or healthcare advice, health care coverage, or access to treatment.  



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E.  Indigenous Peoples’ Rights

Cultural Rights of Indigenous Peoples

The survival, security and human rights of millions of Indigenous Peoples around the world are increasingly threatened. Efforts to extract or develop natural resources in areas populated by Indigenous Peoples often threaten their lives and cultures, as well as their natural environments. Indigenous communities are demonstrating a new assertiveness when it comes to rejecting resource extraction projects. Calvert believes that to secure project access and ensure that invested assets eventually realize a return; leading companies must recognize the need to secure the free, prior and informed consent/consultation of affected indigenous communities and deliver tangible benefits to them.  Such companies also need to follow the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, which sets out the individual and collective rights of Indigenous Peoples, as well as their rights to culture, identity, language, employment, health, education and other issues

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals requesting that companies respect the rights of and negotiate fairly with indigenous peoples, develop codes of conduct dealing with treatment of indigenous peoples, and avoid exploitation and destruction of their natural resources and ecology.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals requesting companies to develop, strengthen or implement a policy or guideline designed to address free, prior and informed consent/consultation from indigenous peoples or other communities.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals requesting that companies support and follow the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and/or create a policy or program to do so.

F.  Product Safety and Impact

Many companies’ products have significant impacts on consumers, communities and society at large, and these impacts may expose companies to reputational or brand risks.  Responsible, well-governed companies should be aware of these potential risks and take proactive steps to manage them.  Shareowner proposals that ask companies to evaluate certain impacts of their products, or to provide full disclosure of the nature of those products, can be harbingers of potential risks that companies may face if they fail to act.  For example, several shareowner proposals have been filed requesting that food and beverage manufacturers label all foods containing genetically modified organisms (GMOs); other proposals have requested that companies report on the health or psychological impacts of their products.

·

The Fund adviser will review on case-by-case basis proposals requesting that companies report on the impacts of their products on consumers and communities and will ordinarily support such proposals when the requests can be fulfilled at reasonable cost to the company, or when potential reputational or brand risks are substantial.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals requesting that companies disclose the contents or attributes of their products to potential consumers.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals requesting the company to report on or adopt consumer product safety policies and initiatives.

Toxic Chemicals

Shareowner resolutions are sometimes filed with cosmetics, household products, and retail companies asking them to report on the use of toxic chemicals in consumer products, and to provide policies regarding toxic chemicals.  Recent resolutions have focused on parabens, PVC, bromated flame retardants (BFRs), nanomaterials, and other chemicals.  In addition, some resolutions ask the company to adopt a general policy with regard to toxics in products.  These shareholder resolutions arise out of concern that many toxic chemicals may be legal to include in product formulations in the US, but not in other countries (such as the European Union) posing liability risk to the company.   In addition, independent scientists have raised serious health and safety concerns about the use of some of these chemicals.  Companies may face risk from harm to the consumer or affected communities, particularly as some of these chemicals persist in the environment.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals asking companies to disclose product ingredients.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support resolutions asking companies to disclose policies related to toxic chemicals.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals asking companies to report on the feasibility of removing or substituting safer alternatives for all harmful ingredients used in company products.

·

The Fund adviser will examine and vote on a case-by-case basis asking companies to reformulate a product by a given date, unless this reformulation is required by law in selected markets.



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Animal Welfare

Shareowners and animal rights groups sometimes file resolutions with companies that engage in animal testing for the purposes of determining product efficacy or assuring consumer product safety.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals seeking information on a company's animal testing practices, or requesting that management develop cost-effective alternatives to animal testing.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals calling for consumer product companies to reduce or eliminate animal testing or the suffering of animal test subjects as well as to eliminate cruel product testing methods.

·

The Fund adviser will examine and vote on a case-by-case basis proposals calling for pharmaceutical or medical products firms to reduce animal testing or the suffering of animal test subjects.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals requesting that companies report to shareholders on the risks and liabilities associated with concentrated animal feeding operations unless the company has publicly disclosed guidelines for its corporate and contract farming operations, including compliance monitoring; or the company does not directly source from confined animal feeding operations.

Tobacco

Shareowner resolutions are sometimes filed with insurance and health care companies asking them to report on the appropriateness of investments in the tobacco industry, and on the impact of smoking on benefit payments for death, disease and property loss.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support resolutions asking companies not to invest in the stocks of tobacco companies.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support resolutions asking companies to research the impact of ceasing business transactions with the tobacco industry.

G.  Weapons Contracting

Shareowner resolutions may be filed with companies with significant defense contracts, asking them to report on the nature of the contracts, particularly the goods and services to be provided.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals calling for reports on the type and volume of defense contracts.

H.  Community

Access to capital is essential to full participation and opportunity in our society.  The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) prohibits lenders from discriminating with regard to race, religion, national origin, sex, age, etc.  Shareowner resolutions are sometimes filed requesting: (1) reports on lending practices in low/moderate income or minority areas and on steps to remedy mortgage lending discrimination; (2) the development of fair lending policies that would assure access to credit for major disadvantaged groups and require reports to shareowners on the implementation of such policies; and (3) the application of ECOA standards by non-financial corporations to their financial subsidiaries.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support proposals requesting increased disclosure on ECOA and stronger policies and programs regarding compliance with ECOA.  

Redlining

Redlining is the systematic denial of services to people within a geographic area based on their economic or racial/ethnic profile. The term originated in banking, but the same practice can occur in many businesses, including insurance and supermarkets.  Shareowner resolutions are sometimes filed asking companies to assess their lending practices or other business operations with respect to serving communities of color or the poor, and develop policies to avoid redlining.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals to develop and implement policies dealing with fair lending and housing, or other nondiscriminatory business practices.



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Predatory Lending

Predatory lending involves charging excessive fees to subprime borrowers without providing adequate disclosure. Predatory lenders can engage in abusive business practices that take advantage of the elderly or the economically disadvantaged. This includes charging excessive fees, making loans to those unable to make interest payments and steering customers selectively to products with higher than prevailing interest rates. Shareowner resolutions are sometimes filed asking for the development of policies to prevent predatory lending practices.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals calling on companies to address and eliminate predatory lending practices.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals seeking the development of a policy or preparation of a report to guard against predatory lending practices.

Insurance Companies and Economically Targeted Investments

Economically targeted investments (ETIs) are loans made to low-to-moderate income communities or individuals to foster and promote, among other things, small businesses and farms, affordable housing and community development banks and credit unions.  At present, insurance companies put less than one-tenth of one percent of their more than $1.9 trillion in assets into ETIs.  Shareowner resolutions are sometimes filed asking for reports outlining how insurers could implement an ETI program.

·

The Fund adviser will support proposals encouraging adoption of or participation in economically targeted investment programs that can be implemented at reasonable cost.

Healthcare

Many communities are increasingly concerned about the ability of for-profit health care institutions to provide quality health care.  Shareholders have asked corporations operating hospitals for reports on the quality of their patient care.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support resolutions that call on hospitals to submit reports on patient healthcare and details of health care practices.

I.  Political Action Committees and Political Partisanship

Shareholders have a right to know how corporate assets are being spent in furtherance of political campaigns, social causes or government lobbying activities.  Although companies are already required to make such disclosures pursuant to federal and state law, such information is often not readily available to investors and shareowners.  Moreover, corporate lobbying activities and political spending may at times be inconsistent with or actually undermine shareholder and stakeholder interests that companies are otherwise responsible to protect.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support resolutions asking companies to disclose political spending made either directly or through political action committees, trade associations and/or other advocacy associations.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support resolutions asking companies to disclose the budgets dedicated to public policy lobbying activities.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support resolutions requesting a report discussing the alignment between a company’s political contributions and its sustainability commitments and public policy positions.

·

The Fund adviser will ordinarily support resolutions requesting that companies support public policy activities, including lobbying or political spending that are consistent with shareholder or other stakeholder efforts to strengthen policies that protect workers, communities, the environment, public safety, or any of the other principles embodied in these Guidelines.

J.  Other Issues

All social issues that are not covered in these Guidelines are delegated to the Fund’s adviser to vote in accordance with the Fund’s specific sustainable and socially responsible criteria.  In addition to actions taken pursuant to the Fund’s Conflict of Interest Policy, Calvert Sustainability Research Department (“CSRD”) will report to the Boards on issues not covered by these Guidelines as they arise.



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IV.  CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY

All Calvert Funds strictly adhere to the Guidelines detailed in Sections II and III, above.

Thus, generally, adherence to the Global Proxy Voting Guidelines will leave little opportunity for a material conflict of interest to emerge between any of the Funds, on the one hand, and the Fund’s investment adviser, sub-adviser, principal underwriter, or an affiliated person of the Fund, on the other hand.

Nonetheless, upon the occurrence of the exercise of voting discretion where there is a variance in the vote from the Global Proxy Voting Guidelines, which could lend itself to a potential conflict between these interests, a meeting of the Audit Committee of the Fund that holds that security will be immediately convened to determine how the proxy should be voted.

Adopted September 2000.

Last Revised March 2016.




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PART C - OTHER INFORMATION


Item 28. Exhibits (with inapplicable items omitted)


 

(a)

 

 

Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of Calvert Management Series dated June 21, 2017 filed herewith.

 

(b)

 

 

Amended and Restated By-Laws of Calvert Management Series adopted June 21, 2017 filed herewith.

 

(c)

 

 

Reference is made to Item 28(a) and 28(b) above.

 

(d)

(1)

 

Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant (on behalf of each of its series listed on Schedule A) and Calvert Research and Management dated December 31, 2016 filed as Exhibit (d) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 80 filed February 1, 2017 (Accession No. 0000940394-17-000245) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

(2)

 

Form of Investment Advisory and Administrative Agreement between Calvert Management Series on behalf of Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares and Calvert Research and Management dated _______, 2017 filed herewith.

 

(e)

(1)

 

Master Distribution Agreement between each registered investment company listed on Schedule A on behalf of each of its series listed on Schedule A, and Eaton Vance Distributors, Inc. effective December 31, 2016, filed as Exhibit (e) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 89 of Calvert Social Investment Fund (File Nos. 002-75106, 811-03334) filed January 30, 2017 (Accession No. 0000940394-17-000162) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

(2)

 

Form of Distribution Agreement between each registered investment company listed on Exhibit A and Foreside Fund Services, LLC dated _______, 2017 filed herewith.

 

(f)

 

 

Form of Deferred Compensation Agreement filed as Exhibit (f) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 89 of Calvert Social Investment Fund (File Nos. 002-75106, 811-03334) filed January 30, 2017 (Accession No. 0000940394-17-000162) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(g)

 

 

Master Custodian Agreement incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 50, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 27, 2001 (Accession No. 0000930661-01-500295).

 

(h)

(1)

 

Administrative Services Agreement between Calvert Research and Management and each registered investment company listed on Appendix A on behalf of each of its series listed on Appendix A, dated December 31, 2016 filed as Exhibit (h)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 89 of Calvert Social Investment Fund (File Nos. 002-75106, 811-03334) filed January 30, 2017 (Accession No. 0000940394-17-000162) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

(2)

(a)

Amended Master Transfer Agency and Service Agreement incorporated by reference to registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 57 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2008 (Accession No. 0000319676-08-000004).

 

 

 

(b)

Amendment to Master Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, incorporated by reference to registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 66 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2013 Accession No. 0000319676-13-000003).

 

 

 

(c)

Amendment to Master Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, incorporated by reference to registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 77 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 28, 2016 (Accession No. 0000319676-16-000095).



C-1





 

 

 

(d)

Amendment to and Assignment of Master Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between State Street Bank and Trust Company and Calvert Social Investment Fund, Calvert Management Series, The Calvert Fund, Calvert Responsible Index Series, Inc., Calvert Impact Fund, Inc., Calvert Variable Products, Inc., Calvert Variable Series, Inc. and Calvert World Values Fund, Inc. dated December 31, 2016 filed as Exhibit (h)(2)(d) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 80 filed February 1, 2017 (Accession No. 0000940394-17-000245) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

(3)

 

Sub-Transfer Agency Support Services Agreement between Eaton Vance Management and each open-end investment company listed on Appendix A dated December 31, 2016 filed as Exhibit (h)(3) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 89 of Calvert Social Investment Fund (File Nos. 002-75106, 811-03334) filed January 30, 2017 (Accession No. 0000940394-17-000162) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

(4)

 

Expense Reimbursement Agreement between Calvert Research and Management and each Trust and/or Corporation (on behalf of certain of their series) listed on Schedule A, dated December 31, 2016 filed as Exhibit (h)(4) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 89 of Calvert Social Investment Fund (File Nos. 002-75106, 811-03334) filed January 30, 2017 (Accession No. 0000940394-17-000162) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

(5)

 

Form of Authorized Participant Agreement dated _______, 2017 filed herewith.

 

 

(6)

 

Form of Operations Agreement dated _______, 2017 filed herewith.

 

(i)

 

 

Opinion of Internal Counsel dated ________, 2017 to be filed by Amendment.

 

(m)

(1)

(a)

Master Distribution Plan for Class A Shares, as adopted December 31, 2016 filed as Exhibit (m)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 89 of Calvert Social Investment Fund (File Nos. 002-75106, 811-03334) filed January 30, 2017 (Accession No. 0000940394-17-000162) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

 

(b)

Amended Schedule A dated February 15, 2017 to Master Distribution Plan for Class A shares adopted December 31, 2016 filed as exhibit (m)(1)(b) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 83 filed April 28, 2017 (Accession No. 0000940394-17-001015) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

(2)

(a)

Master Distribution Plan for Class C shares filed as Exhibit (m)(3) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 89 of Calvert Social Investment Fund (File Nos. 002-75106, 811-03334) filed January 30, 2017 (Accession No. 0000940394-17-000162) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

 

(b)

Amended Schedule A dated March 7, 2017 to Master Distribution Plan for Class C shares filed as exhibit (m)(2)(b) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 83 filed April 28, 2017 (Accession No. 0000940394-17-001015) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(n)

 

 

Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Multiple Class Plan, effective September 26, 2016, incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 88 of Calvert Social Investment Fund (File Nos. 002-75106, 811-03334) as filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on December 2, 2016 (Accession No. 0000319676-16-000245).

 

(p)

 

 

Code of Ethics for the Calvert Funds and Calvert Research and Management, effective June 9, 2017 filed herewith.

 

(q)

(1)

 

Power of Attorney for Registrant’s Trustees and Officers dated December 28, 2016 filed as Exhibit (q)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 80 filed February 1, 2017 (Accession No. 0000940394-17-000245) and incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

(2)

 

Secretary’s Certificate dated January 26, 2017 filed as Exhibit (q)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 83 filed April 28, 2017 (Accession No. 0000940394-17-001015) and incorporated herein by reference.




C-2


Item 29. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control

Not applicable

Item 30. Indemnification

Article XI, Section 4 of the Registrants Declaration of Trust provides that the Registrant, out of the Registrants assets, shall indemnify every person who is or has been a Trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Registrant and every person who serves at the Registrant’s request as director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise shall be indemnified by the Registrant to the fullest extent permitted by law against all liabilities and against all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him in connection with any debt, claim, action, demand, suit, proceeding, judgment, decree, liability or obligation of any kind in which he becomes involved as a party or otherwise or is threatened by virtue of his being or having been a Trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Registrant or of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise at the request of the Registrant against amounts paid or incurred by him in the compromise or settlement thereof.

No indemnification shall be provided to any person hereunder against any liabilities to the Registrant or its shareholders adjudicated to have been incurred by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person’s office.

Article V, Section 1(t) of the Registrant’s Declaration of Trust, and Article IX, Section 3 of the Registrant’s By-Laws, provide that the Registrant’s Trustees are permitted to purchase insurance of any kind, including, without limitation, insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a Trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Trust, or is or was serving at the request of the Trust as a trustee, director, officer, agent or employee of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity or arising out of such person’s status as such.

In addition, indemnification against certain liabilities of the Registrant’s trustees and officers and/or the Registrant’s administrator, principal underwriter, transfer agent, custodian and other service providers are provided in: (1) Section 5 of the Administrative Services Agreement between the Registrant and Calvert Research and Management; (2) Section 4 of the Master Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and Eaton Vance Distributors, Inc.; (3) Section 14 of the Master Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company; (4) Section 12 of the Securities Lending Authorization Agreement between the Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company; and (5) Section 8 of the Administration Agreement between the Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company.  Generally, such indemnification does not apply to any liabilities by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence and reckless disregard of duties.  These Agreements are incorporated herein by reference to Item 28.

Item 31.           

Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser

The Registrant’s investment adviser, Calvert Research and Management (“CRM”), is a Massachusetts business trust. In addition to providing investment advisory services to registered management investment companies, CRM provides investment advisory services to separately managed accounts.  Additional information as to CRM and the trustees and officers of CRM is included in CRM’s Form ADV filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) (File No. 801-108378), which is incorporated herein by reference and sets forth the officers and trustees of CRM and information as to any business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by CRM and such officers and trustees during the past two years.



C-3


Item 32. Principal Underwriters

(a)

(1)

Registrants principal underwriter for its series Calvert Tax-Free Responsible Impact Bond Fund and Calvert Unconstrained Bond Fund is Eaton Vance Distributors, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Eaton Vance Corp., is the principal underwriter for each of the registered investment companies named below:


Calvert Impact Fund, Inc.

Calvert Management Series

The Calvert Fund

Calvert Responsible Index Series, Inc.

Calvert Social Investment Fund

Calvert World Values Fund, Inc.

Calvert Variable Series, Inc.

Calvert Variable Products, Inc.

Eaton Vance Growth Trust

Eaton Vance Investment Trust

Eaton Vance Municipals Trust

Eaton Vance Municipals Trust II

Eaton Vance Mutual Funds Trust

Eaton Vance Series Fund, Inc.

Eaton Vance Series Trust II

Eaton Vance Special Investment Trust

Eaton Vance Variable Trust


(b)

(1)

(1)
Name and Principal
Business Address*

(2)
Positions and Offices
with Principal Underwriter

(3)
Positions and Offices
with Registrant

 

 

 

Robb Allen

Vice President

None

Julie Andrade

Vice President

None

Brian Arcara

Vice President

None

Christopher Arthur

Vice President

None

Brian Austin

Vice President

None

Michelle Baran

Vice President

None

Ira Baron

Vice President

None

Jeffrey P. Beale

Vice President

None

Brian Blair

Vice President

None

Stephanie H. Brady

Vice President

None

Timothy Breer

Vice President

None

Joe Brody

Vice President

None

Luke Bordzinski

Vice President

None

Mark Burkhard

Vice President

None

Joseph Bustros

Vice President

None

Eric Caplinger

Vice President

None

Kristin Carcio

Vice President

None

Daniel C. Cataldo

Vice President and Treasurer

None

Tiffany Cayarga

Vice President

None



C-4





Patrick Cerrato

Vice President

None

Gregory Chalas

Vice President

None

Randy Clark

Vice President

None

Tyler Cortelezzi

Vice President

None

Enrico Coscia

Vice President

None

Patrick Cosgrove

Vice President

None

Peter Crowley

Vice President

None

Robert Cunha

Vice President

None

Rob Curtis

Vice President

None

Kevin Darrow

Vice President

None

Holly DiCostanzo

Vice President

None

Brian Dunkley

Vice President

None

James Durocher

Senior Vice President

None

Anthony Eames

Vice President

None

Margaret Egan

Vice President

None

Robert Ellerbeck

Vice President

None

Daniel Ethier

Vice President

None

Troy Evans

Vice President

None

Lawrence L. Fahey

Vice President

None

Thomas E. Faust Jr.

Director

None

Scott Firth

Vice President

None

James Foley

Vice President

None

Brandon Fritz

Vice President

None

Kathleen Fryer

Vice President

None

Jonathan Futterman

Vice President

None

Anne Marie Gallagher

Vice President

None

Gregory Gelinas

Vice President

None

Bradford Godfrey

Vice President

None

Seth Goldzweig

Vice President

None

Andrew Goodale

Vice President

None

David Gordon

Vice President

None

Daniel Grzywacz

Vice President

None

Diane Hallett

Vice President

None

Steven Heck

Vice President

None

Richard Hein

Vice President

None

Joseph Hernandez

Vice President

None

Dori Hetrick

Vice President

None

Toebe Hinckle

Vice President

None

Suzanne Hingel

Vice President

None



C-5





Christian Howe

Vice President

None

Laurie G. Hylton

Director

None

Jonathan Isaac

Vice President

None

Adrian Jackson

Vice President

None

Brian Johnson

Vice President

None

Elizabeth Johnson

Vice President

None

Doug Keagle

Vice President

None

Sean Kelly

Senior Vice President

None

William Kennedy

Vice President

None

Joseph Kosciuszek

Vice President

None

Kathleen Krivelow

Vice President

None

David Lefcourt

Vice President

None

Benjamin LeFevre

Vice President

None

Andrew Leimenstoll

Vice President

None

Paul Leonardo

Vice President

None

Brandon Lindley

Vice President

None

Scott Lindsay

Vice President

None

John Loy

Vice President

None

Coleen Lynch

Vice President

None

John Macejka

Vice President

None

Scott Mackey

Vice President

None

James Maki

Vice President

None

Tim Mamis

Vice President

None

Frederick S. Marius

Vice President, Secretary, Clerk and Chief Legal Officer

None

Geoff Marshall

Vice President

None

Christopher Mason

Vice President

None

Daniel J. McCarthy

Vice President

None

James McCuddy

Vice President

None

Tim McEwen

Vice President

None

Ian McGinn

Vice President

None

Shannon McHugh-Price

Vice President

None

David Michaud

Vice President

None

Mark Milan

Vice President

None

John Moninger

Senior Vice President

None

Chris Morahan

Vice President

None

Meghan Moses

Vice President

None

Matthew Navins

Vice President

None

Christopher Nebons

Vice President

None

Jason Newnham

Vice President

None



C-6





Paul Nicely

Vice President

None

Andrew Olig

Vice President

None

David Oliveri

Vice President

None

Philip Pace

Vice President

None

Steven Perlmutter

Vice President

None

Steve Pietricola

Vice President

None

Benjamin Pomeroy

Vice President

None

John Pumphrey

Vice President

None

James Putman

Vice President

None

Henry Rehberg

Vice President

None

Lenore Reiner

Vice President

None

Christopher Remington

Vice President

None

David Richman

Vice President

None

Christopher Rohan

Vice President

None

Kevin Rookey

Vice President

None

John Santoro

Vice President

None

Rocco Scanniello

Vice President

None

Michael Shea

Vice President

None

Alan Simeon

Vice President

None

Randy Skarda

Vice President

None

David Smith

Chief Compliance Officer

None

Russell Smith

Vice President

None

Jamie Smoller

Vice President

None

Daniel Sullivan

Vice President

None

Elaine Sullivan

Vice President

None

Michael Sullivan

Vice President

None

Eileen Tam

Vice President

None

Brian Taranto

Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer

None

Robyn Tice

Vice President

None

John M. Trotsky

Vice President

None

Geoffrey Underwood

Vice President

None

Randolph Verzillo

Vice President

None

Shannon Vincent

Vice President

None

Greg Walsh

Vice President

None

Christopher Webber

Vice President

None

Scott Weisel

Vice President

None

David White

Vice President

None

Steve Widder

Vice President

None

Tim Williamson

Vice President

None



C-7





Matthew J. Witkos

President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

None

Trey Young

Vice President

None

Gregor Yuska

Vice President

None

Anthony Zanetti

Vice President

None

David Zigas

Vice President

None

 

 

* Address is Two International Place, Boston, MA  02110

 

(a)

(2)

Registrants principal underwriter for its series Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares is Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the Distributor).  Foreside Fund Services, LLC also serves as principal underwriter for the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended:

 

 

ABS Long/Short Strategies Fund

 

 

Absolute Shares Trust

 

 

AdvisorShares Trust

 

 

American Beacon Funds

 

 

American Beacon Select Funds

 

 

Archstone Alternative Solutions Fund

 

 

Ark ETF Trust

 

 

Avenue Mutual Funds Trust

 

 

BP Capital TwinLine Energy Fund, Series of Professionally Managed Portfolios

 

 

BP Capital TwinLine MLP Fund, Series of Professionally Managed Portfolios

 

 

Braddock Multi-Strategy Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust

 

 

Bridgeway Funds, Inc.

 

 

Center Coast MLP & Infrastructure Fund

 

 

Center Coast MLP Focus Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust

 

 

Context Capital Funds

 

 

CornerCap Group of Funds

 

 

Davis Fundamental ETF Trust

 

 

Direxion Shares ETF Trust

 

 

Eaton Vance NextShares Trust

 

 

Eaton Vance NextShares Trust II

 

 

EIP Investment Trust



C-8





 

 

Evanston Alternative Opportunities Fund

 

 

Exchange Listed Fund Trust (fka Exchange Traded Concepts Trust II)

 

 

FEG Absolute Access Fund I LLC

 

 

FlexShares Trust

 

 

Forum Funds

 

 

Forum Funds II

 

 

FQF Trust

 

 

Guiness Atkinson Funds

 

 

Henderson Global Funds

 

 

Horizon Spin-off and Corporate Restructuring Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust (f/k/a Liberty Street Horizon Fund)

 

 

Horizons ETF Trust

 

 

Horizons ETF Trust I (fka Becon Capital Series Trust)

 

 

Infinity Core Alternative Fund

 

 

Ironwood Institutional Multi-Strategy Fund LLC

 

 

Ironwood Multi-Strategy Fund LLC

 

 

John Hancock Exchange-Traded Fund Trust

 

 

Lyons Funds

 

 

Manor Investment Funds

 

 

Miller/Howard Funds Trust

 

 

Miller/Howard High Income Equity Fund

 

 

Moerus Worldwide Value Fund, Series of Northern Lights Fund Trust IV

 

 

Montage Managers Trust

 

 

Palmer Square Opportunistic Income Fund

 

 

PENN Capital Funds

 

 

Performance Trust Mutual Funds, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

 

 

Pine Grove Alternative Institutional Fund

 

 

Plan Investment Fund, Inc.

 

 

PMC Funds, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

 

 

Quaker Investment Trust



C-9





 

 

Ramius Archview Credit and Distressed Fund

 

 

Renaissance Capital Greenwich Funds

 

 

RMB Investors Trust (fka Burnham Investors Trust)

 

 

Robinson Opportunities Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust

 

 

Robinson Tax Advantaged Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust

 

 

Salient MF Trust

 

 

SharesPost 100 Fund

 

 

Sound Shore Fund, Inc.

 

 

Steben Alternative Investment Funds

 

 

Steben Select Multi-Strategy Fund

 

 

Strategy Shares

 

 

The 504 Plan (fka The Pennant 504 Fund)

 

 

The Community Development Fund

 

 

Third Avenue Trust

 

 

Third Avenue Variable Series Trust

 

 

TIFF Investment Program

 

 

Turner Funds

 

 

U.S. Global Investors Funds

 

 

West Loop Realty Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust (f/k/a Chilton Realty Income & Growth Fund)

 

 

Wintergreen Fund, Inc.

 

 

WisdomTree Trust




C-10



(b)

(2)

The following are the Officers and Manager of the Distributor, the Registrant’s underwriter. The Distributor’s main business address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Name

  

Address

  

Position with
Underwriter

  

Position with
Registrant

 

 

 

 

Richard J. Berthy

  

Three Canal Plaza,
Suite 100,
Portland, ME 04101

  

President, Treasurer and Manager

  

None

Mark A. Fairbanks

  

Three Canal Plaza,
Suite 100,
Portland, ME 04101

  

Vice President

  

None

Nanette K. Chern

  

Three Canal Plaza,
Suite 100,
Portland, ME 04101

  

Vice President and
Chief Compliance Officer

  

None

Jennifer K. DiValerio

 

899 Cassalt Road,            400 Berwyn Park, Suite 110 Berwyn, PA 19312

 

Vice President

 

None

Jennifer E. Hoopes

  

Three Canal Plaza,
Suite 100,
Portland, ME 04101

  

Secretary

  

None


 

(c)

Not applicable

Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records

All applicable accounts, books and documents required to be maintained by the Registrant by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Rules promulgated thereunder are in the possession and custody of the Registrant’s custodian, State Street Bank and Trust Company, State Street Financial Center, One Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111, and its transfer agent, Boston Financial Data Services, Inc. 30 Dan Road, Canton, MA 02021, with the exception of certain corporate documents and portfolio trading documents which are in the possession and custody of the administrator and investment adviser.  Registrant is informed that all applicable accounts, books and documents required to be maintained by registered investment advisers are in the custody and possession of Calvert Research and Management, located at 4550 Montgomery Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20714 and Eaton Vance Management, located at Two International Place, Boston, MA 02110.

Item 34. Management Services

Not applicable

Item 35. Undertakings

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act), may be permitted to directors, trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant and the principal underwriter pursuant to the provisions described in response to Item 30, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, trustee, officer, or controlling person of the Registrant and the principal underwriter in connection with the successful defense of any action, suite or proceeding) is asserted against the Registrant by such director, trustee, officer or controlling person or principal underwriter in connection with the shares being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.



C-11


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment to its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in the City of Boston, and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, on July 20, 2017.

 

CALVERT MANAGEMENT SERIES

 

By:

/s/ John H. Streur*

 

John H. Streur, President

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Post-Effective Amendment to the Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities indicated on July 20, 2017.

Signature

Title

 

 

/s/ John H. Streur*

President and Director

John H. Streur

 

 

 

/s/ James F. Kirchner

Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

James F. Kirchner

 

 

 

Signature

Title

Signature

Title

 

 

 

 

Richard L. Baird, Jr.*

Director

Miles D. Harper, III*

Director

Richard L. Baird, Jr.

 

Miles D. Harper, III

 

 

 

 

 

Alice Gresham Bullock *

Director

Joy V. Jones*

Director

Alice Gresham Bullock

 

Joy V. Jones

 

 

 

 

 

Cari Dominguez*

Director

Anthony A. Williams*

Director

Cari Dominguez

 

Anthony A. Williams

 

 

 

 

 

John G. Guffey, Jr.*

Director

 

 

John G. Guffey, Jr.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*By:

/s/ Maureen A. Gemma

 

 

Maureen A. Gemma (As attorney-in-fact)

 



C-12


EXHIBIT INDEX

The following exhibits are filed as part of this Post-Effective Amendment to the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 483 of Regulation C.

Exhibit No.

Description


(a)

 

 

Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of Calvert Management Series dated June 21, 2017

(b)

 

 

Amended and Restated By-Laws of Calvert Management Series adopted June 21, 2017

(d)

(2)

 

Form of Investment Advisory and Administrative Agreement between Calvert Management Series on behalf of Calvert Ultra-Short Income NextShares and Calvert Research and Management dated _______, 2017 filed herewith.

(e)

(2)

 

Form of Distribution Agreement between each registered investment company listed on Exhibit A and Foreside Fund Services, LLC dated _______, 2017

(h)

(5)

 

Form of Authorized Participant Agreement dated _______, 2017

 

(6)

 

Form of Operations Agreement dated _______, 2017

(p)

 

 

Code of Ethics for the Calvert Funds and Calvert Research and Management effective June 9, 2017




C-13