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Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements  
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]
Note
3
- Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of
three
months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company continually monitors its positions with, and the credit quality of, the financial institutions with which it invests. Enservco maintains its excess cash in various financial institutions, where deposits
may
exceed federally insured amounts at times.
 
Accounts Receivable
 
 
Accounts receivable are stated at the amounts billed to customers, net of an allowance for uncollectible accounts. The Company provides an allowance for uncollectable accounts based on a review of outstanding receivables, historical collection information and existing economic conditions. The allowance for uncollectible amounts is continually reviewed and adjusted to maintain the allowance at a level considered adequate to cover future losses. The allowance is management's best estimate of uncollectible amounts and is determined based on historical collection experience related to accounts receivable coupled with a review of the current status of existing receivables. The losses ultimately incurred could differ materially in the near term from the amounts estimated in determining the allowance. As of
June 30, 2017
and
December 31, 2016,
the Company had an allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately
$83,000
and
$34,000,
respectively. For the
three
and
six
months ended
June 30, 2017,
the Company recorded bad debt expense (net of recoveries) of approximately
$20,000
and
$49,000,
respectively. For the
three
and
six
months ended
June 30, 2016,
the Company recorded bad debt expense (net of recoveries) of approximately
$48,000
and
$87,000,
respectively.
 
Inventories
 
Inventory consists primarily of propane, diesel fuel and chemicals that are used in the servicing of oil wells and is carried at the lower of cost or market in accordance with the
first
in,
first
out method (FIFO). The Company periodically reviews the value of items in inventory and provides write-downs or write-offs, of inventory based on its assessment of market conditions. Write-downs and write-offs are charged to cost of goods sold. For the
three
and
six
months ended
June 30, 2017
and
2016,
no
amounts were expensed for write-downs and write-offs.
 
Property and Equipment
 
Property and equipment consists of (
1
) trucks, trailers and pickups; (
2
) water transfer pumps, pipe, lay flat hose, trailers, and other support equipment; (
3
) real property which includes land and buildings used for office and shop facilities and wells used for the disposal of water; and (
4
) other equipment such as tools used for maintaining and repairing vehicles, office furniture and fixtures, and computer equipment. Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. The Company capitalizes interest on certain qualifying assets that are undergoing activities to prepare them for their intended use. Interest costs incurred during the fabrication period are capitalized and amortized over the life of the assets. The Company charges repairs and maintenance against income when incurred and capitalizes renewals and betterments, which extend the remaining useful life, expand the capacity or efficiency of the assets. Depreciation is recorded on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives of
5
to
30
years.
 
Any difference between net book value of the property and equipment and the proceeds of an assets’ sale or settlement of an insurance claim is recorded as a gain or loss in the Company’s earnings.
 
Leases
 
The Company conducts a major part of its operations from leased facilities. Each of these leases is accounted for as an operating lease. Normally, the Company records rental expense on its operating leases over the lease term as it becomes payable. If rental payments are
not
made on a straight-line basis, per terms of the agreement, the Company records a deferred rent expense and recognizes the rental expense on a straight-line basis throughout the lease term. The majority of the Company
’s facility leases contain renewal clauses and expire through
June 2022.
In most cases, management expects that in the normal course of business, leases will be renewed or replaced by other leases. The Company amortizes leasehold improvements over the shorter of the life of the lease or the life of the improvements.
 
The Company has leased equipment in the normal course of business, which are recorded as operating leases. The Company recorded
rental expense on equipment under operating leases over the lease term as it becomes payable; there were
no
rent escalation terms associated with these equipment leases. The equipment leases contain purchase options that allow the Company to purchase the leased equipment at the end of the lease term, based on the market price of the equipment at the time of the lease termination. There are
no
significant equipment leases outstanding as of
June 30, 2017.
 
Long-Lived Assets
 
The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset
may
not
be recovered. The Company reviews both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the business during the analysis of impairment. During the quantitative review, the Company reviews the undiscounted future cash flows in its assessment of whether or
not
long-lived assets have been impaired.
No
impairments were recorded during the
three
or
six
months ended
June 30, 2017
and
2016.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
The Company recognizes revenue when evidence of an arrangement exists, the fee is fixed or determinable, services are provided, and collection is reasonably assured.
 
Earnings (Loss) Per Share
 
Earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the diluted weighted average number of common shares. The diluted weighted average number of common shares is computed using the treasury stock method for common stock that
may
be issued for outstanding stock options and warrants.
 
As of
June 30, 2017
and
2016,
there were outstanding stock options and warrants to acquire an aggregate
of
5,749,433
and
5,120,669
shares of Company common stock
, respectively, which have a potentially dilutive impact on earnings per share. For the
three
and
six
months ended
June 30, 2017,
the diluted share instruments did
not
have an intrinsic value, as a result, were
not
included in the diluted share calculation. Dilution is
not
permitted if there are net losses during the period. As such, the Company does
not
show dilutive earnings per share for the
three
and
six
months ended
June 30, 2017
and
2016.
 
Loan Fees and Other Deferred Costs
 
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into loan agreements and amendments thereto with its primary lending institutions. The majority of these lending agreements and amendments require origination fees and other fees in the course of executing the agreements. For all costs associated with the execution of the lending agreements, the Company recognizes these as capitalized costs and amortizes these costs over the term of the loan agreement. All other costs
not
associated with the execution of the loan agreements are expensed as incurred. As of
June 30, 2017,
we had approximately
$197,000
in unamortized loan fees and other deferred costs associated with the
2014
Credit Agreement, which we expect to charge to expense upon the termination of that agreement. 
 
Income Taxes
 
 
The Company recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets based on the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities will be recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A deferred tax asset or liability that is
not
related to an asset or liability for financial reporting is classified according to the expected reversal date.  The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount that it believes is more likely than
not
to be realized.
 
The Company accounts for any uncertainty in income taxes by recognizing the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if, in the Company’s opinion, it is more likely than
not
that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company measures the tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position based on the largest benefit that has a greater than
50%
likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. The application of income tax law is inherently complex. Laws and regulations in this area are voluminous and are often ambiguous.  As such, the Company is required to make many subjective assumptions and judgments regarding income tax exposures. Interpretations of and guidance surrounding income tax law and regulations change over time and
may
result in changes to the Company’s subjective assumptions and judgments which can materially affect amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of income. The result of the reassessment of the Company’s tax positions did
not
have an impact on the consolidated financial statements.
 
Interest and penalties associated with tax positions are recorded in the period assessed as general and administrative expenses. The Company files tax returns in the
United States and in the states in which it conducts its business operations. The tax years
2012
through
2016
remain open to examination in the taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject.
 
Fair Value
 
The Company follows authoritative guidance that applies to all financial assets and liabilities required to be measured and reported on a fair value basis. The Company also applies the guidance to non-financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, including non-competition agreements and goodwill. The guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.  The guidance establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available.
 
Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances. The Company did
not
change its valuation techniques nor were there any transfers between hierarchy levels during the
six
months ended
June 30, 2017.
The financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
 
The hierarchy is broken down into
three
levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:
 
 
Level
1:
Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
 
Level
2:
Quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities that are observable for the asset or liability; or
 
Level
3:
Unobservable pricing inputs that are generally less observable from objective sources, such as discounted cash flow models or valuations.
 
Stock-based Compensation
 
Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the date of grant, based on the calculated fair value of the award as described below, and is recognized over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the equity grant.
 
The Company uses the Black-Scholes pricing model as a method for determining the estimated grant date fair value for all stock options awarded to employees, independent contractors, officers, and directors. The expected term of the options is based upon evaluation of historical and expected further exercise behavior. The risk-free interest rate is based upon U.S. Treasury rates at the date of grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected life of the grant. Volatility is determined upon historical volatility of our stock and adjusted if future volatility is expected to vary from historical experience. The dividend yield is assumed to be
none
as we have
not
paid dividends nor do we anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future.
 
The Company also uses the Black-Scholes valuation model to determine the fair value of warrants. Expected volatility is based upon the weighted average of historical volatility over the contractual term of the warrant and implied volatility. The risk-free interest rate is based upon implied yield on a U.S. Treasury
zero
-coupon issue with a remaining term equal to the contractual term of the warrants. The dividend yield is assumed to be
none.
 
Management Estimates
 
 
The preparation of the Company’s financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates include the realization of accounts receivable, stock based compensation expense, income tax provision, the valuation of derivative financial instruments (warrants and interest rate swaps), and the valuation of deferred taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
Reclassifications
 
Certain prior-period amounts have been reclassified for comparative purposes to conform to the fiscal
201
7
presentation. These reclassifications have
no
effect on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.
 
Accounting Pronouncements
 
 
In
May 2014,
the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)
No.
2014
-
09,
“Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. In
August 2015
the FASB agreed to defer the effective date by
one
year, the new standard becomes effective for us on
January 1, 2018.
Early adoption is permitted. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. We are currently determining the impact of the new standard on revenue from the services we provide. Our approach includes performing a detailed review of key contracts representative of our different subsidiary businesses and comparing historical accounting policies and practices to the new standard. Our services are primarily short-term in nature, and our assessment at this stage is that we do
not
expect the new revenue recognition standard will have a material impact on our financial statements upon adoption. We expect that the new standard will require more robust disclosure of details surrounding our revenue from contracts with customers. We currently intend to adopt the new standard as of
January 1, 2018.
 
In
February 2016,
the FASB issued ASU
2016
-
02
“Leases (Topic
842
)”, which requires a lessee to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than
12
months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2018,
including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. We continue to evaluate the impact of this new standard on our consolidated financial statements Once adopted, the Company expects to recognize additional assets and liabilities on its consolidated balance sheet related to operating leases with terms longer than
one
year.
 
In
August 2016,
the FASB issued ASU
2016
-
15,
 “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic
230
), Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) (ASU
2016
-
15
)”, that clarifies how entities should classify certain cash receipts and cash payments on the statement of cash flows. The guidance also clarifies how the predominance principle should be applied when cash receipts and cash payments have aspects of more than
one
class of cash flows. The guidance will be effective for annual periods beginning after 
December 15, 2017 
and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the effect of ASU
2016
-
15
on its consolidated financial statements.
 
Recently Adopted
 
In
March 2016,
the FASB issued ASU
2016
-
09
“Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic
718
)”, which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payments, including immediate recognition of all excess tax benefits and deficiencies in the income statement, changing the threshold to qualify for equity classification up to the employees' maximum statutory tax rates, allowing an entity-wide accounting policy election to either estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest or account for forfeitures as they occur, and clarifying the classification on the statement of cash flows for the excess tax benefit and employee taxes paid when an employer withholds shares for tax-withholding purposes. The adoption of this guidance did
not
impact the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.