LONG-TERM DEBT, DERIVATIVES AND LETTERS OF CREDIT

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, our long-term debt is summarized as follows (in thousands):



	December 31,
	2017		2016

Credit Facility	$	177,857	$	366,911
Convertible debt¹	209,892		—
Total long-term debt	387,749		366,911
Less: current portion of long-term debt	—		20,000
Total long-term debt, less current portion	$	387,749	$	346,911

_________________


1	Comprised of principal amount outstanding plus embedded derivative liability, less unamortized discount and issuance costs. See Convertible Debt section below for additional information.

Future maturities of long-term debt, are as follows (in thousands):



December 31
2018	$	—
2019	—
2020	177,857
2021	—
2022	—
Thereafter	230,000
Total	$	407,857

Credit Facility

In July 2015, we renewed our banking credit facility (the “Credit Facility”). In accordance with the second amendment to the Credit Facility, which was signed in February 2016, the Credit Facility had a borrowing capacity of up to $600 million and consisted of a $400 million, five-year revolving loan facility and a $200 million five-year term loan facility. The swing line facility is $35.0 million. On July 31, 2017, we completed the issuance of $230.0 million of 5.00% convertible senior notes in a private offering and used the proceeds from the Offering (as defined below) to repay in full the outstanding term-loan portion of our Credit Facility and a portion of the outstanding revolving borrowings. Concurrent with the completion of the Offering and the repayment of outstanding borrowings discussed above, we entered into the sixth amendment to the Credit Facility, effective as of June 30, 2017, which reduced the capacity of the Credit Facility to a $300 million revolving loan facility, subject to a borrowing availability test (based on eligible accounts, inventory and fixed assets). The Credit Facility matures in July 2020, bears interest based on a variable Eurodollar rate option (LIBOR plus 3.75% margin at December 31, 2017) and has commitment fees on unused borrowing capacity (0.75% at December 31, 2017). The Credit Facility limits our ability to pay cash dividends without the consent of our bank syndicate.

The Credit Facility also contains financial covenants. As of December 31, 2017, the Company was required to maintain (i) a maximum ratio of senior secured debt to consolidated EBITDA (the “Senior Secured Leverage Ratio,” as defined in the Credit Facility agreement) of not more than 4.25 to 1.00 and (ii) an interest coverage ratio of not less than 3.00 to 1.00 (the “Interest Coverage Ratio,” as defined in the Credit Facility agreement). As of December 31, 2017, we are in compliance with these covenants. The Senior Secured Leverage Ratio and the Interest Coverage Ratio stood at 3.53 to 1.00 and 3.03 to 1.00, respectively, as of December 31, 2017. At December 31, 2017, we had $26.6 million of cash on hand and approximately $41 million of available borrowing capacity through our Credit Facility. In connection with the repayment in full of the outstanding term-loan portion of our Credit Facility of $160.0 million on July 31, 2017 and the reduction in capacity of the revolving portion of the Credit Facility, we recorded a loss of $1.2 million during the third quarter of 2017 associated with the write-off of a portion of the debt issuance costs associated with the Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2017, we had $2.1 million of unamortized debt issuance costs that are being amortized over the life of the Credit Facility.

We entered into the seventh amendment to the Credit Facility (the “Seventh Amendment”) on March 8, 2018 to modify certain of the financial covenants. The Seventh Amendment eliminated the Total Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Facility agreement) covenant through the remainder of the term of the Credit Facility and also modified both the Senior Secured Leverage Ratio and the Interest Coverage Ratio as follows. First, the Company is required to maintain a maximum Senior Secured Leverage Ratio of not more 4.25 to 1.00 as of March 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, not more than 3.50 to 1.00 as of September 30, 2018 and each quarter thereafter through June 30, 2019 and not more than 2.75 to 1.00 as of September 30, 2019 and each quarter thereafter. With respect to the Interest Coverage Ratio, the Company is required to maintain a ratio of not less than 2.25 to 1.00 as of March 31, 2018 and each quarter thereafter through December 31, 2018 and not less than 2.50 to 1.00 as of March 31, 2019 and each quarter thereafter.

Our ability to maintain compliance with the financial covenants is dependent upon our future operating performance and future financial condition, both of which are subject to various risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain compliance with the Credit Facility covenants as of any future date. In the event we are unable to maintain compliance with our financial covenants, we would seek to enter into an amendment to the Credit Facility with our bank group in order to modify and/or to provide relief from the financial covenants for an additional period of time. Although we have entered into amendments in the past, there can be no assurance that any future amendments would be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all.

In order to secure our casualty insurance programs we are required to post letters of credit generally issued by a bank as collateral. A letter of credit commits the issuer to remit specified amounts to the holder, if the holder demonstrates that we failed to meet our obligations under the letter of credit. If this were to occur, we would be obligated to reimburse the issuer for any payments the issuer was required to remit to the holder of the letter of credit. We were contingently liable for outstanding stand-by letters of credit totaling $22.5 million at December 31, 2017 and $21.6 million at December 31, 2016. Outstanding letters of credit reduce amounts available under our Credit Facility and are considered as having been funded for purposes of calculating our financial covenants under the Credit Facility.

Convertible Debt

Description of the Notes

On July 31, 2017, we issued $230.0 million principal amount of 5.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 (the “Notes”) in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers (as defined in the Securities Act of 1933) pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act (the “Offering”). The Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company. The Notes bear interest at rate of 5.0% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year, beginning on February 1, 2018. The Notes mature on August 1, 2023 unless repurchased, redeemed or converted in accordance with their terms prior to such date. The Notes are convertible at an initial conversion rate of 46.0829 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $21.70 per share, which represents a conversion premium of 40% to the last reported sale price of $15.50 per share on the NYSE on July 25, 2017, the date the pricing of the Notes was completed. The conversion rate, and thus the conversion price, may be adjusted under certain circumstances as described in the indenture governing the Notes.

Holders may convert their Notes at their option prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding May 1, 2023, but only under the following circumstances:

•

during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on December 31, 2017 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of our common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;


•	during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for each trading day of such measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock and the conversion rate on such trading day;


•	if we call any or all of the Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the redemption date; or;


•	upon the occurrence of specified corporate events described in the indenture governing the Notes.

On or after May 1, 2023 until the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may, at their option, convert their Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances.

Because the Notes could be convertible in full into more than 19.99 percent of our outstanding common stock, we are required by the listing rules of the NYSE to obtain the approval of the holders of our outstanding shares of common stock before the Notes may be converted into more than 5,964,858 shares of common stock. The Notes are initially convertible into 10,599,067 shares of common stock. We have agreed to seek approval of the holders of our outstanding shares of common stock at our next annual stockholders’ meeting. The Notes will be convertible into, subject to various conditions, cash or shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, in each case, at the Company’s election, except that prior to receipt of the requisite stockholder approval, the Company will settle conversions in cash or a combination of cash and shares of common stock.

If holders elect to convert the Notes in connection with certain fundamental change transactions described in the indenture governing the Notes, we will, under certain circumstances described in the indenture governing the Notes, increase the conversion rate for the Notes so surrendered for conversion.

We may not redeem the Notes prior to August 5, 2021. We will have the option to redeem all or any portion of the Notes on or after August 5, 2021, if certain conditions (including that our common stock is trading at or above 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive)), including the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date.

Net proceeds received from the Offering were approximately $222.3 million after deducting discounts, commissions and expenses. We used $160.0 million of the net proceeds to repay all outstanding borrowings under the term-loan portion of our Credit Facility and $62.3 million of the net proceeds to repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings under the revolving portion of our Credit Facility, which may be subsequently reborrowed for general corporate purposes.

Accounting Treatment of the Notes

As of December 31, 2017, the Notes were recorded in our consolidated balance sheet as follows (in thousands):




	December 31, 2017
Liability component:
Principal	$	230,000
Unamortized issuance costs	(6,820		)
Unamortized discount	(33,882		)
Net carrying amount of the liability component	189,298
Embedded derivative liability	20,594
Total¹	$	209,892

Equity component:
Carrying amount of the equity component, net of issuance costs²	$	13,912

_________________

1 Included in the Long-term debt line of the consolidated balance sheet.

2 Included in the Additional paid-in capital line of the consolidated balance sheet.

Under ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, (“ASC 470-20”), an entity must separately account for the liability and equity components of convertible debt instruments that may be settled entirely or partially in cash upon conversion (such as the Notes) in a manner that reflects the issuer’s economic interest cost. However, entities must first consider the guidance in ASC 815-15, Embedded Derivatives (“ASC 815-15”), to determine if an instrument contains an embedded feature that should be separately accounted for as a derivative. Unless an exception under ASC 815-15 applies, such accounting requires that an embedded feature that is not “clearly and closely related” to the host contract be accounted for separately as a derivative and marked to fair value in the statement of operations each period. The Company concluded that the conversion feature is not “clearly and closely related” to the debt host contract. However, ASC 815-15 provides an exception for embedded features that are considered both indexed to our common stock and classified in stockholders’ equity. Because the Notes permit the Company to settle the conversion feature in cash, stock or any combination thereof at its election, ordinarily the conversion feature would be considered both indexed to our common stock and classified in stockholders’ equity and therefore exempt from the requirements of ASC 815-15. However, because the Notes could be convertible into more than 19.99 percent of our outstanding common stock and shareholder approval in accordance with the NYSE rules (as described above) to issue more than 19.99 percent of our outstanding common stock has not yet been obtained, the Company could be required to settle the conversion feature for a portion of the Notes in cash instead of shares. Therefore, the conversion feature for a portion of the Notes cannot be classified in stockholders’ equity and therefore the exception under ASC 815-15 does not apply. As such, the Company concluded that for a portion of the Notes, it must recognize as an embedded derivative under ASC 815-15 while the remainder of the Notes are subject to ASC 470-20.

The Company determined the portions of the Notes subject to ASC 815-15 and ASC 470-20 as follows. First, while the Notes are initially convertible into 10,599,067 shares of common stock, the occurrence of certain corporate events could increase the conversion rate, which could result in the Notes becoming convertible into a maximum of 14,838,703 shares. As noted above, we must obtain stockholder approval to issue more than 5,964,858 shares of stock to settle the Notes upon conversion. Therefore, approximately 40% of the maximum number of shares is authorized for issuance without shareholder approval, while 8,873,845 shares, or approximately 60% would be required to be settled in cash. The Company thus concluded that embedded derivative accounting under ASC 815-15 is applicable to approximately 60% of the Notes, while the remaining 40% of the Notes are subject to ASC 470-20. The Company will reassess the classification of the Notes each reporting period considering changes in facts and circumstances, if any. Once (and if) we receive stockholder approval to issue more than 19.99 percent of our outstanding common stock upon conversion of the Notes, we will reclassify the embedded derivative, at its then-current fair value, to stockholders’ equity, and it will no longer be marked to fair value each period.

We estimated the fair value of similar notes without the conversion feature to be $194.2 million, with the resulting conversion feature having an estimated fair value of $35.8 million at the issuance date. For the portion of the Notes subject to ASC 815-15, we recorded an embedded derivative liability at fair value of $21.4 million and for the portion of the Notes subject to ASC 470-20, we recorded $14.4 million as additional paid-in capital in stockholders’ equity. The fair values recorded are “Level 2” measurements as defined in Note 10. The difference between the principal amount of the Notes and the amounts allocated to the embedded derivative liability and additional paid-in capital resulted in a debt discount of $35.8 million that is amortized as interest expense over 72 months (the six-year period from issuance to maturity of the Notes).

The Company incurred approximately $7.7 million in issuance costs associated with the Notes. Issuance costs of $7.2 million were allocated as a reduction of the carrying amount of the debt while the remaining $0.5 million were allocated as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in stockholders’ equity. The portion allocated to the debt component is being amortized over the life of the debt. As of December 31, 2017, the remaining amortization period is 67 months.

The following table sets forth interest expense information related to the Notes (in thousands, except percentage):



	Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2017

Coupon interest	$	4,823
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs	2,310
Total interest expense on convertible senior notes	$	7,133

Effective interest rate	9.12		%

Derivatives and Hedging

ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), requires that derivative instruments be recorded at fair value and included in the balance sheet as assets or liabilities. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on the intended use of the derivative and the resulting designation, which is established at the inception date of a derivative. Special accounting for derivatives qualifying as fair value hedges allows derivatives’ gains and losses to offset related results on the hedged item in the statement of operations. For derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, changes in fair value, to the extent the hedge is effective, are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. Hedge effectiveness is measured at least quarterly based on the relative cumulative changes in fair value between the derivative contract and the hedged item over time. Credit risks related to derivatives include the possibility that the counter-party will not fulfill the terms of the contract. We consider counterparty credit risk to our derivative contracts when valuing our derivative instruments.

Our borrowing of €12.3 million under the Credit Facility serves as an economic hedge of our net investment in our European operations as fluctuations in the fair value of the borrowing attributable to the U.S. Dollar/Euro spot rate will offset translation gains or losses attributable to our investment in our European operations. At December 31, 2017 the €12.3 million borrowing had a U.S. Dollar value of $14.8 million.

As discussed above, we have recorded an embedded derivative for a portion of the Notes. The embedded derivative represents conversion features to the purchasers of the Notes that provide an opportunity to profit if the value of the shares that may be attained from the conversion of the Notes is higher than the redemption amount of the Notes. In accordance with ASC 815-15, the embedded derivative instrument is recorded at fair value each period with changes in fair value reflected in our results of operations. No hedge accounting is applied.

The amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), reclassified into income (loss) and the amounts recognized in income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the seven months ended December 31, 2015 and the year ended May 31, 2015 are as follows (in thousands):



	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)									Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to Earnings
	Twelve Months Ended December 31,					Seven Months Ended December 31,		Twelve Months Ended May 31,		Twelve Months Ended December 31,				Seven Months Ended December 31,		Twelve Months Ended May 31,
	2017			2016		2015		2015		2017		2016		2015		2015
Derivatives Classified as Hedging Instruments
Net investment hedge	$	(1,802	)	$	481	101		$	3,237	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income (Loss)¹
	Twelve Months Ended December 31,					Seven Months Ended December 31,		Twelve Months Ended May 31,
	2017			2016		2015		2015
Derivatives Not Classified as Hedging Instruments
Embedded derivative in convertible debt	$	818		$	—	$	—	$	—

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1 Reflected as “Gain on convertible debt embedded derivative” in the consolidated statements of operations.

The following table presents the fair value totals and balance sheet classification for derivatives designated as hedges and derivatives not designated as hedges under ASC 815 (in thousands):

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

Classification

Balance Sheet

Location

Fair

Value

Classification

Balance Sheet

Location

Fair

Value

Derivatives Classified as Hedging Instruments

Net investment hedge

Liability

Long-term debt

(3,246

)

Liability

Long-term debt

(5,048

)

Derivatives Not Classified as Hedging Instruments

Embedded derivative in convertible debt

Liability

Long-term debt

20,594

Lease Obligations

We enter into operating leases to rent facilities and obtain vehicles and equipment for our field operations. Our obligations under non-cancellable operating leases, primarily consisting of facility and auto leases, were approximately $119.2 million at December 31, 2017 and are as follows (in thousands):



Twelve Months Ended December 31,	Operating Leases
2018	$	33,141
2019	24,438
2020	17,755
2021	13,509
2022	9,193
Thereafter	21,129
Total	$	119,165

Total rent expense resulting from operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the seven months ended December 31, 2015 and the year ended May 31, 2015 was $47.7 million, $40.0 million, $18.8 million, and $29.5 million respectively.