-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, FK7pjGCGad/5Qp4/1DUUeFgV7s39vk0R7Wa6BLVgLSYXPlp0RsvhD+90rCXfghxK 57otsXm+XF5J7dRlM+FTDA== 0000318306-06-000001.txt : 20060103 0000318306-06-000001.hdr.sgml : 20060102 20060103114545 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000318306-06-000001 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-Q/A PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 13 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20050331 FILED AS OF DATE: 20060103 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20060103 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: ACCESS PHARMACEUTICALS INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000318306 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834] IRS NUMBER: 830221517 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-Q/A SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 001-15771 FILM NUMBER: 06500737 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 2600 N STEMMONS FRWY STREET 2: STE 176 CITY: DALLAS STATE: TX ZIP: 75207 BUSINESS PHONE: 2149055100 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 2600 N STEMMONS FRWY STREET 2: STE 176 CITY: DALLAS STATE: TX ZIP: 75207 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: CHEMEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19920703 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: CHEMEX CORP/WY DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19831102 10-Q/A 1 r10q-570.txt FORM 10Q-A UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-Q/A /x/ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2005 Commission File Number 0-9314 ACCESS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. ------------------------------------------------------ (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 83-0221517 - ------------------------ --------------------------- (State of Incorporation) (I.R.S. Employer I.D. No.) 2600 Stemmons Frwy, Suite 176, Dallas, TX 75207 ----------------------------------------------- (Address of principal executive offices) Telephone Number (214) 905-5100 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirement for the past 90 days. Yes X No ----- ----- Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes X No ----- ----- The number of shares outstanding of the issuer's common stock, as of May 9, 2005, was 15,724,734 shares, $0.01 par value per share. Total No. of Pages 31 ACCESS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. INDEX ----- Page No. -------- RISK FACTORS 2 PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements: Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004 27 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and March 31, 2004 28 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and March 31, 2004 29 Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements 30 Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 16 Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 21 Item 4. Controls and Procedures 22 PART II - OTHER INFORMATION Item 1 Legal Proceedings 23 Item 2 Changes in Securities 23 Item 3 Defaults Upon Senior Securities 23 Item 4 Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders 23 Item 5 Other Information 23 Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K 24 SIGNATURES 26 PART I -- FINANCIAL INFORMATION Risk Factors - ------------ This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain statements that are forward-looking within the meaning of Section 27a of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that involve risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to the uncertainties associated with research and development activities, clinical trials, our ability to raise capital, the timing of and our ability to achieve regulatory approvals, dependence on others to market our licensed products, collaborations, future cash flow, the timing and receipt of licensing and milestone revenues, the future success of our marketed products and products in development, our ability to manufacture amlexanox products in commercial quantities, our sales projections, and the sales projections of our licensing partners, our ability to achieve licensing milestones and other risks described below as well as those discussed elsewhere in this Form 10-Q, documents incorporated by reference and other documents and reports that we file periodically with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q include, but are not limited to those relating to anticipated product approvals and timing thereof, the terms of future licensing arrangements, our ability to secure additional financing for our operations, our belief that our net cash burn rate for the next twelve months to be approximately $600,000 per month, our ability to repay our outstanding debt obligations, our ability to fund our operations (other than debt repayment) through March 2006, and our expected capital expenditures. We have experienced a history of losses and we expect to incur future losses. - -------------------------------------------------------------- We have recorded minimal revenue to date and we have incurred a cumulative operating loss of approximately $66.9 million through March 31, 2005. Losses for the years ended 2004, 2003 and 2002 were $10,238,000, $6,935,000 and $9,384,000, respectively. Our losses have resulted principally from costs incurred in research and development activities related to our efforts to develop clinical drug candidates and from the associated administrative costs. We expect to incur additional operating losses over the next several years. We also expect cumulative losses to increase due to expanded research and development efforts and preclinical and clinical trials. Our net cash burn rate for the past twelve months was approximately $750,000 per month. We project our net cash burn rate for the next twelve months to be approximately $600,000 per month. Capital expenditures are forecasted to be minor for the next twelve months since most of our new equipment is leased and the lease expense is included in the calculation of the net cash burn rate. We do not have significant operating revenue and we may never attain profitability. - -------------------------------------------------------------- To date, we have funded our operations primarily through private sales of common stock and convertible notes. Contract research payments and licensing fees from corporate alliances and mergers have also provided funding for our operations. Our ability to achieve significant revenue or profitability depends upon our ability to successfully complete the development of drug candidates, to develop and obtain patent protection and regulatory approvals for our drug candidates and to manufacture and commercialize the resulting drugs. We have not received significant royalties for sales of amlexanox, Zindaclin(R) or OraDisc(TM) products to date and we may not generate significant revenues or profits from the sale of these products in the future. Furthermore, we may not be able to ever successfully identify, develop, commercialize, patent, manufacture, obtain required regulatory approvals and market any additional products. Moreover, 2 even if we do identify, develop, commercialize, patent, manufacture, and obtain required regulatory approvals to market additional products, we may not generate revenues or royalties from commercial sales of these products for a significant number of years, if at all. Therefore, our proposed operations are subject to all the risks inherent in the establishment of a new business enterprise. In the next few years, our revenues may be limited to minimal product sales and royalties, any amounts that we receive under strategic partnerships and research or drug development collaborations that we may establish and, as a result, we may be unable to achieve or maintain profitability in the future or to achieve significant revenues in order to fund our operations. A failure to obtain necessary additional capital in the future could jeopardize our operations. - -------------------------------------------------------------- We have issued an aggregate of $13,530,000 of convertible notes, which are due in two parts -- $8,030,000 is due on September 13, 2005 and $5,500,000 is due on September 13, 2008. The notes may convert to common stock at a conversion price of $5.50 and we can redeem the notes for the principal amount of the notes plus interest if our common stock trades above a price of $8.25 for any period of ten consecutive trading days prior to our notice of redemption. In addition, we have issued $2,633,000 of Secured Convertible Notes due March 31, 2006. Such Secured Convertible Notes convert at $4.00 per share. We do not have sufficient funds to repay our convertible notes at their maturity. We may not be able to restructure the convertible notes or obtain additional financing to repay them on terms acceptable to us, if at all. If we raise additional funds by selling equity securities including in connection with our Standby Equity Distribution Agreement (the "SEDA") with Cornell Capital, the relative equity ownership of our existing investors would be diluted and the new investors could obtain terms more favorable than previous investors. A failure to restructure our convertible notes or obtain additional funding to repay the convertible notes and support our working capital and operating requirements, could cause us to be in default of our convertible notes and prevent us from making expenditures that are needed to allow us to maintain our operations. Our financial condition and the restrictive covenants contained in our outstanding convertible notes may limit our ability to borrow additional funds or to raise additional equity as may be required to fund our future operations. - --------------------------------------------------------------- We incurred significant losses from operations of $2.4 million for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2005, $2.4 million for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2004, $9.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 and $8.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2003. Moreover, the terms of our outstanding Convertible Notes may limit our ability to, among other things: - - incur additional debt; - - retire, exchange or amend the terms of outstanding debt; - - pay cash dividends, redeem, retire or repurchase our stock or change our capital structure; - - enter into certain transactions with affiliates; - - create additional liens on our assets; - - issue certain types of preferred stock or issue common stock at below market prices; or - - merge or consolidate with other entities. 3 Our ability to borrow additional funds or raise additional equity may be limited by our financial condition, in addition to the terms of our outstanding debt. Additionally, events such as our inability to continue to reduce our loss from continuing operations, could adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to attract additional funding as required. We may not be able to pay our debt and other obligations and our assets may be seized as a result. - ------------------------------------------------------------ We may not generate the cash flow required to pay our liabilities as they become due. Our outstanding debt includes approximately $8.03 million of our Convertible Subordinated Notes due in September 2005, $5.5 million of our Convertible Subordinated Notes due in September 2008 and $2,633,000 of our Secured Convertible Notes due in March 2006. We may be unable to repay or repurchase the Secured Convertible Notes due in March 2006 and convertible subordinated notes due in September 2005 and September 2008 upon a repurchase event and be forced into bankruptcy. The holders of our Convertible Notes may require us to repurchase or prepay all of the outstanding Convertible Notes under certain circumstances. We may not have sufficient cash reserves to repurchase the Convertible Notes at such time, which would cause an event of default under the Convertible Notes and may force us to declare bankruptcy. Our obligations under the secured convertible notes are secured by all of our assets - --------------------------------------------------------------- Our obligations under the $2,633,000 Secured Convertible Notes are secured by all of our assets. As a result, if we default under the terms of the Secured Convertible Notes or related agreements, including our failure to issue shares of common stock upon conversion by the holder, our failure to timely file a registration statement or have such registration statement declared effective, breach of any covenant, representation or warranty in the Securities Purchase Agreement or related Secured Convertible Notes or the commencement of a bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or liquidation proceeding against the Company could require the early repayment of the Secured Convertible Notes, if the default is not cured with the specified grace period. In addition we could be required to issue and the holders would have the ability to sell up to 2,891,723 shares of our Common Stock and/or the holders could foreclose their security interest and liquidate some or all of the assets of the Company and we could cease to operate. Any such issuance of shares could cause a significant drop in the price of our stock and significant dilution to our stockholders. Our Standby Equity Distribution Agreement may have a dilutive impact on our stockholders. - ------------------------------------------------------------- We are to a great extent dependent on external financing to fund our operations. Our financial needs may be partially provided from the SEDA. The issuance of shares of our common stock under the SEDA will have a dilutive impact on our other stockholders and the issuance or even potential issuance of such shares could have a negative effect on the market price of our common stock. In addition, if we access the SEDA, we will issue shares of our common stock to Cornell Capital Partners at a discount of 2% of the lowest daily volume weighted average of our common stock during a specified period of trading days after we access the SEDA. Issuing shares at a 4 discount will further dilute the interests of other stockholders and may negatively affect the market price of our Common Stock. To the extent that Cornell sells shares of our common stock issued under SEDA to third parties, our stock price may decrease due to the additional selling pressure in the market. The perceived risk of dilution from sales of stock to or by Cornell may cause holders of our common stock to sell their shares, or it may encourage short sales of our common stock or other similar transactions. This could contribute to a decline in the stock price of our common stock. We may not successfully commercialize our drug candidates. - ---------------------------------------------------------- Our drug candidates are subject to the risks of failure inherent in the development of pharmaceutical products based on new technologies and our failure to develop safe, commercially viable drugs would severely limit our ability to become profitable or to achieve significant revenues. We may be unable to successfully commercialize our drug candidates for a number of reasons, including: * some or all of our drug candidates may be found to be unsafe or ineffective or otherwise fail to meet applicable regulatory standards or receive necessary regulatory clearances; * our drug candidates, if safe and effective, may be too difficult to develop into commercially viable drugs; * it may be difficult to manufacture or market our drug candidates on a large scale; * proprietary rights of third parties may preclude us from marketing our drug candidates; and * third parties may market superior or equivalent drugs. The success of our research and development activities, upon which we primarily focus, is uncertain. - ------------------------------------------------------------- Our primary focus is on our research and development activities and the commercialization of compounds covered by proprietary biopharmaceutical patents and patent applications. Research and development activities, by their nature, preclude definitive statements as to the time required and costs involved in reaching certain objectives. Actual research and development costs, therefore, could exceed budgeted amounts and estimated time frames may require extension. Cost overruns, unanticipated regulatory delays or demands, unexpected adverse side effects or insufficient therapeutic efficacy will prevent or substantially slow our research and development effort and our business could ultimately suffer. We anticipate that we will remain principally engaged in research and development activities for an indeterminate, but substantial, period of time. We may be unable to obtain necessary additional capital to fund operations in the future. - ---------------------------------------------------------------- We require substantial capital for our development programs and operating expenses, to pursue regulatory clearances and to prosecute and defend our intellectual property rights. We believe that our existing capital resources, interest income, product sales, royalties and revenue from possible licensing agreements and collaborative agreements will be sufficient to fund our currently expected operating expenses (other than debt obligations including the $8,030,000 of convertible notes which are required to be repaid in September 2005 and $2,633,000 of Secured Convertible Notes due in March 2006) and capital requirements through March 2006. However, 5 unless our convertible notes convert to common stock prior to their maturity or are restructured, we will need to raise substantial additional capital to support our ongoing operations and debt obligations because our convertible notes will mature and/or our actual cash requirements may vary materially from those now planned and will depend upon numerous factors, including : * the sales levels of our marketed products; * the results of our research and development programs; * the timing and results of preclinical and clinical trials; * our ability to maintain existing and establish new collaborative agreements with other companies to provide funding to us; * technological advances; and * activities of competitors and other factors. If we do raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, further dilution to existing stockholders would result and future investors may be granted rights superior to those of existing our stockholders. If adequate funds are not available to us through additional equity offerings, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more of our research and development programs or to obtain funds by entering into arrangements with collaborative partners or others that require us to issue additional equity securities or to relinquish rights to certain technologies or drug candidates that we would not otherwise issue or relinquish in order to continue independent operations. We may be unable to successfully develop, market, or commercialize our products or our product candidates without establishing new relationships and maintaining current relationships. - --------------------------------------------------------------------- Our strategy for the research, development and commercialization of our potential pharmaceutical products may require us to enter into various arrangements with corporate and academic collaborators, licensors, licensees and others, in addition to our existing relationships with other parties. Specifically, we may seek to joint venture, sublicense or enter other marketing arrangements with parties that have an established marketing capability or we may choose to pursue the commercialization of such products on our own. We may, however, be unable to establish such additional collaborative arrangements, license agreements, or marketing agreements as we may deem necessary to develop, commercialize and market our potential pharmaceutical products on acceptable terms. Furthermore, if we maintain and establish arrangements or relationships with third parties, our business may depend upon the successful performance by these third parties of their responsibilities under those arrangements and relationships. For our commercialized products we currently rely upon the following relationships in the following marketing territories for sales, manufacturing or regulatory approval efforts: * amlexanox 5% paste and OraDisc(TM) A o Discuss Dental, Inc. - United States marketing rights o ProStrakan Ltd. - United Kingdom and Ireland manufacturing, marketing rights and regulatory approval o Zambon Group - France, Germany, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Brazil, Colombia and Italy manufacturing and marketing rights 6 o Laboratories Dr. Esteve SA - Spain, Portugal and Greece manufacturing and marketing rights o Meda, AB for Scandinavia, the Baltic states and Iceland marketing rights o Mipharm SpA for Italy manufacturing and marketing rights o Paladin Labs, Inc. for Canada manufacturing and marketing rights o EpiTan, Ltd. for Australia and New Zealand for marketing rights o Orient Europharma, Co., Ltd. for Taiwan, Hong-Kong, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Singapore for marketing rights * Zindaclin(R) and Residerm(R) o ProStrakan Ltd. - worldwide manufacturing, marketing and regulatory approval rights o Fujisawa GmbH - sublicensed continental Europe marketing rights o EpiTan, Ltd. - sublicensed Australia and New Zealand marketing rights o Hyundai - sublicensed Korea marketing rights o Taro - sublicensed Israel marketing rights o Biosintetica - sublicensed Brazil marketing rights o Pliva dd Hrvatska d.o.o. - sublicensed Czech, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Poland, Slovak and Slovenia marketing rights o Five companies for five other smaller countries - sublicensed marketing rights For one of our OraDisc(TM) products in development, on January 6, 2004, we entered into an exclusive license and supply agreement with Wyeth Consumer Healthcare for sales of the product in North America. If this product is marketed, we will be dependent upon Wyeth Consumer Healthcare for sales of such product in this territory. Our ability to successfully commercialize, and market our products and product candidates could be limited if a number of these existing relationships were terminated. Furthermore, our strategy with respect to our polymer platinate program is to enter into a licensing agreement with a pharmaceutical company pursuant to which the further costs of developing a product would be shared with our licensing partner. Although we have had discussions with potential licensing partners with respect to our polymer platinate program, to date we have not entered into any licensing arrangement. We may be unable to execute our licensing strategy for polymer platinate. We may be unable to successfully manufacture our products and our product candidates in clinical quantities or for commercial purposes without the assistance of contract manufacturers, which may be difficult for us to obtain and maintain. - --------------------------------------------------------------- We have limited experience in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products in clinical quantities or for commercial purposes and we may not be able to manufacture any new pharmaceutical products that we may develop. As a result, we have established, and in the future intend to establish arrangements with contract manufacturers to supply sufficient quantities of products to conduct clinical trials and for the manufacture, packaging, labeling and distribution of finished pharmaceutical products if any of our potential products are approved for commercialization. If we are unable to contract for a sufficient supply of our potential pharmaceutical products on acceptable terms, our preclinical and human clinical testing schedule may be delayed, resulting in 7 the delay of our clinical programs and submission of product candidates for regulatory approval, which could cause our business to suffer. Our business could suffer if there are delays or difficulties in establishing relationships with manufacturers to produce, package, label and distribute our finished pharmaceutical or other medical products, if any, market introduction or subsequent sales of such products. Moreover, contract manufacturers that we may use must adhere to current Good Manufacturing Practices, as required by the FDA. In this regard, the FDA will not issue a pre-market approval or product and establishment licenses, where applicable, to a manufacturing facility for the products until the manufacturing facility passes a pre-approval plant inspection. If we are unable to obtain or retain third party manufacturing on commercially acceptable terms, we may not be able to commercialize our products as planned. Our potential dependence upon third parties for the manufacture of our products may adversely affect our ability to generate profits or acceptable profit margins and our ability to develop and deliver such products on a timely and competitive basis. Our amlexanox 5% paste is marketed in the US as Aphthasol(R). We selected Contract Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Canada as our new manufacturer of amlexanox 5% paste and they manufacture product for the US market and initial qualifying batches of the product for Europe. We re-launched Aphthasol(R) in the US market in September 2004 and recorded sales in the third and fourth quarters of 2004 and in the quarter ended March 31, 2005. Amlexanox 5% paste was approved by regulatory authorities for sale in the UK. Approval to market was granted in Austria, Germany, Greece, Finland, Ireland, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, and Sweden. We did not receive approvals for France, Italy and Belgium. We licensed manufacturing rights to ProStrakan, Zambon, Esteve and Mipharm for specific countries in Europe. Contract Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Canada has also been selected as our European supplier of amlexanox 5% paste and this facility has been approved for European supply. We licensed our patents for worldwide manufacturing and marketing for Zindaclin(R) and our ResiDerm(R) technology to ProStrakan Ltd. for the period of the patents. We receive a share of the licensing revenues and royalty on the sales of the product. ProStrakan has a contract manufacturer for Zindaclin(R) which is a European Union approved facility. Zindaclin(R) is approved in the UK and throughout Europe in most European Union countries including new member states and several non-European markets. Zindaclin(R) is marketed in the UK, France, Germany, Ireland, Belgium, Cyprus, Israel and Korea. Zindaclin(R) is under regulatory review in other markets including Australia, New Zealand, Brazil and others. We received regulatory approval from the FDA to manufacture and sell OraDisc(TM) A in September 2004 and are proceeding with our manufacturing and marketing plans for 2005. AP5346 is manufactured by third parties for our Phase I/II clinical trials. Manufacturing is ongoing for the current clinical trials. Certain manufacturing steps are conducted by the Company to enable significant cost savings to be realized. We are subject to extensive governmental regulation which increases our cost of doing business and may affect our ability to commercialize any new products that we may develop. - --------------------------------------------------------------- The FDA and comparable agencies in foreign countries impose substantial requirements upon the 8 introduction of pharmaceutical products through lengthy and detailed laboratory, preclinical and clinical testing procedures and other costly and time-consuming procedures to establish their safety and efficacy. All of our drugs and drug candidates require receipt and maintenance of governmental approvals for commercialization. Preclinical and clinical trials and manufacturing of our drug candidates are subject to the rigorous testing and approval processes of the FDA and corresponding foreign regulatory authorities. Satisfaction of these requirements typically takes a significant number of years and can vary substantially based upon the type, complexity and novelty of the product. The status of our principal products is as follows: * 5% amlexanox paste is an approved product for sale in the US (Aphthasol(R)); approved in the UK and Canada but not yet sold; approved in ten EU countries but not yet sold; * Zindaclin(R) is an approved product for sale in the UK and extensively throughout European Union countries; and is in the approval process in other markets. * OraDisc(TM) A is an approved product for sale in the US as of September 2004; we are completing steps for manufacturing and sale of the product in 2005. * Our other OraDisc(TM) products are currently in the pre- clinical phase. * AP5346 has completed a Phase I clinical trial in Europe and has been approved for the commencement of a Phase I trial in the US by the FDA. * Mucoadhesive liquid technology patient recruitment in the clinical trial is on hold pending commercial developments. * Vitamin mediated delivery technology is currently in the pre- clinical phase. * We also have other products in the preclinical phase. Due to the time consuming and uncertain nature of the drug candidate development process and the governmental approval process described above, we cannot assure investors when we, independently or with our collaborative partners, might submit a New Drug Application, or "NDA", for FDA or other regulatory review. Government regulation also affects the manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical products. Government regulations may delay marketing of our potential drugs for a considerable or indefinite period of time, impose costly procedural requirements upon our activities and furnish a competitive advantage to larger companies or companies more experienced in regulatory affairs. Delays in obtaining governmental regulatory approval could adversely affect our marketing as well as our ability to generate significant revenues from commercial sales. Our drug candidates may not receive FDA or other regulatory approvals on a timely basis or at all. Moreover, if regulatory approval of a drug candidate is granted, such approval may impose limitations on the indicated use for which such drug may be marketed. Even if we obtain initial regulatory approvals for our drug candidates, our drugs and our manufacturing facilities would be subject to continual review and periodic inspection, and later discovery of previously unknown problems with a drug, manufacturer or facility may result in restrictions on the marketing or manufacture of such drug, including withdrawal of the drug from the market. The FDA and other regulatory authorities stringently apply regulatory standards and failure to comply with regulatory standards can, among other things, result in fines, denial or withdrawal of regulatory approvals, product recalls or seizures, operating restrictions and criminal prosecution. The uncertainty associated with preclinical and clinical testing may affect our ability to successfully commercialize new products. - ------------------------------------------------------------ 9 Before we can obtain regulatory approvals for the commercial sale of any of our potential drugs, the drug candidates will be subject to extensive preclinical and clinical trials to demonstrate their safety and efficacy in humans. Preclinical or clinical trials of any of our future drug candidates may not demonstrate the safety and efficacy of such drug candidates at all or to the extent necessary to obtain regulatory approvals. In this regard, for example, adverse side effects can occur during the clinical testing of a new drug on humans which may delay ultimate FDA approval or even lead us to terminate our efforts to develop the drug for commercial use. Like other companies in the biotechnology industry, we have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials, even after demonstrating promising results in earlier trials. In particular, OraDisc(TM) and polymer platinate have taken longer to progress through clinical trials than originally planned. This extra time has not been related to concerns of the formulations but rather due to the lengthy regulatory process. The failure to adequately demonstrate the safety and efficacy of a drug candidate under development could delay or prevent regulatory approval of the drug candidate. A delay or failure to receive regulatory approval for any of our drug candidates could prevent us from successfully commercializing such candidates and we could incur substantial additional expenses in our attempts to further develop such candidates and obtain future regulatory approval. We may incur substantial product liability expenses due to the use or misuse of our products for which we may be unable to obtain insurance coverage. - -------------------------------------------------------------- Our business exposes us to potential liability risks that are inherent in the testing, manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical products. These risks will expand with respect to our drug candidates, if any, that receive regulatory approval for commercial sale and we may face substantial liability for damages in the event of adverse side effects or product defects identified with any of our products that are used in clinical tests or marketed to the public. We generally procure product liability insurance for drug candidates that are undergoing human clinical trials. Product liability insurance for the biotechnology industry is generally expensive, if available at all, and as a result, we may be unable to obtain insurance coverage at acceptable costs or in a sufficient amount in the future, if at all. We may be unable to satisfy any claims for which we may be held liable as a result of the use or misuse of products which we have developed, manufactured or sold and any such product liability claim could adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition. We may incur significant liabilities if we fail to comply with stringent environmental regulations or if we did not comply with these regulations in the past. - -------------------------------------------------------------- Our research and development processes involve the controlled use of hazardous materials. We are subject to a variety of federal, state and local governmental laws and regulations related to the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of such material and certain waste products. Although we believe that our activities and our safety procedures for storing, using, handling and disposing of such materials comply with the standards prescribed by such laws and regulations, the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials cannot be completely eliminated. In the event of such accident, we could be held liable for any damages that result and any such liability could exceed our resources. Intense competition may limit our ability to successfully develop and market commercial products. - --------------------------------------------------------- 10 The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are intensely competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our competitors in the United States and elsewhere are numerous and include, among others, major multinational pharmaceutical and chemical companies, specialized biotechnology firms and universities and other research institutions. The following products may compete with polymer platinate: * Cisplatin, marketed by Bristol-Myers-Squibb, the originator of the drug, and several generic manufacturers; * Carboplatin, marketed by Bristol-Myers-Squibb, the originator of the drug and several generic manufacturers; and * Oxaliplatin, marketed exclusively by Sanofi-Synthelabo. The following companies are working on therapies and formulations that may be competitive with our polymer platinate: * Antigenics and Regulon are developing liposomal formulations; and * American Pharmaceutical Partners, Cell Therapeutics, Daiichi, Enzon and DebioPharm are developing alternate drugs in combination with polymers and other drug delivery systems. The following products may compete with Residerm(R) products: * Benzamycin, marketed by a subsidiary of Aventis; * Cleocin-T and a generic topical clindamycin, marketed by Pfizer; * Benzac, marketed by Galderma; and * Triaz, marketed by Medicis Pharmaceutical Corp. Technology and prescription steroids such as Kenalog in OraBase, developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb, may compete with our commercialized Aphthasol(R) product. Over-the-counter ("OTC") products including Orajel - Del Laboratories and Anbesol - Wyeth Consumer Healthcare also compete in the aphthous ulcer market. Companies working on therapies and formulations that may be competitive with our vitamin mediated drug delivery system include Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Centocor (acquired by Johnson & Johnson), GlaxoSmithKline, Imclone and Xoma which are developing targeted monoclonal antibody therapy. Amgen, CuraGen, McNeil, MGI Pharma and OSI Pharmaceuticals are developing products to treat mucositis that may compete with our mucoadhesive liquid technology. BioDelivery, Biovail Corporation, Cellgate, CIMA Labs, Inc., Depomed Inc., Emisphere Technologies, Inc., Eurand, Flamel Technologies, Nobex and Xenoport are developing products which compete with our oral drug delivery system. Many of these competitors have and employ greater financial and other resources, including larger research and development, marketing and manufacturing organizations. As a result, our competitors may successfully develop technologies and drugs that are more effective or less costly than any that we are developing or which would render our technology and future products obsolete and noncompetitive. 11 In addition, some of our competitors have greater experience than we do in conducting preclinical and clinical trials and obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvals. Accordingly, our competitors may succeed in obtaining FDA or other regulatory approvals for drug candidates more rapidly than we do. Companies that complete clinical trials, obtain required regulatory agency approvals and commence commercial sale of their drugs before their competitors may achieve a significant competitive advantage. Drugs resulting from our research and development efforts or from our joint efforts with collaborative partners therefore may not be commercially competitive with our competitors' existing products or products under development. Our ability to successfully develop and commercialize our drug candidates will substantially depend upon the availability of reimbursement funds for the costs of the resulting drugs and related treatments. - -------------------------------------------------------------- The successful commercialization of, and the interest of potential collaborative partners to invest in the development of our drug candidates, may depend substantially upon reimbursement of the costs of the resulting drugs and related treatments at acceptable levels from government authorities, private health insurers and other organizations, including health maintenance organizations, or HMOs. To date, the costs of our marketed products Aphthasol(R) and Zindaclin(R) generally have been reimbursed at acceptable levels; however, the amount of such reimbursement in the United States or elsewhere may be decreased in the future or may be unavailable for any drugs that we may develop in the future. Limited reimbursement for the cost of any drugs that we develop may reduce the demand for, or the price of such drugs, which would hamper our ability to obtain collaborative partners to commercialize our drugs, or to obtain a sufficient financial return on our own manufacture and commercialization of any future drugs. The market may not accept any pharmaceutical products that we successfully develop. - ------------------------------------------------------------- The drugs that we are attempting to develop may compete with a number of well-established drugs manufactured and marketed by major pharmaceutical companies. The degree of market acceptance of any drugs developed by us will depend on a number of factors, including the establishment and demonstration of the clinical efficacy and safety of our drug candidates, the potential advantage of our drug candidates over existing therapies and the reimbursement policies of government and third-party payers. Physicians, patients or the medical community in general may not accept or use any drugs that we may develop independently or with our collaborative partners and if they do not, our business could suffer. In 1996, the 5% amlexanox paste product was approved for sale in the United States. To date, the product sales have not been significant. On July 22, 2002, we acquired the rights to it from Block Drug Company. The product has been approved in the UK and Canada but has not been launched in any markets other than the United States. We re-launched Aphthasol(R) in the US market in September 2004 and recorded sales in the third and fourth quarters of 2004 as well as the quarter ended March 31, 2005. We received regulatory approval from the FDA to manufacture and sell OraDisc(TM) A in September 2004 and are proceeding with our manufacturing and marketing plans for 2005. Trends toward managed health care and downward price pressures on medical products and services may limit our ability to profitably sell any drugs that we may develop. - --------------------------------------------------------------- 12 Lower prices for pharmaceutical products may result from: * third-party payers' increasing challenges to the prices charged for medical products and services; * the trend toward managed health care in the United States and the concurrent growth of HMOs and similar organizations that can control or significantly influence the purchase of healthcare services and products; and * legislative proposals to reform healthcare or reduce government insurance programs. The cost containment measures that healthcare providers are instituting, including practice protocols and guidelines and clinical pathways, and the effect of any healthcare reform, could limit our ability to profitably sell any drugs that we may successfully develop. Moreover, any future legislation or regulation, if any, relating to the healthcare industry or third-party coverage and reimbursement, may cause our business to suffer. We may not be successful in protecting our intellectual property and proprietary rights. - -------------------------------------------------------- Our success depends, in part, on our ability to obtain U.S. and foreign patent protection for our drug candidates and processes, preserve our trade secrets and operate our business without infringing the proprietary rights of third parties. Legal standards relating to the validity of patents covering pharmaceutical and biotechnological inventions and the scope of claims made under such patents are still developing and there is no consistent policy regarding the breadth of claims allowed in biotechnology patents. The patent position of a biotechnology firm is highly uncertain and involves complex legal and factual questions. We cannot assure you that any existing or future patents issued to, or licensed by, us will not subsequently be challenged, infringed upon, invalidated or circumvented by others. As a result, although we, together with our subsidiaries, are either the owner or licensee to 24 U.S. patents and to 19 U.S. patent applications now pending, and 8 European patents and 15 European patent applications, we cannot assure investors that any additional patents will issue from any of the patent applications owned by, or licensed to, us. Furthermore, any rights that we may have under issued patents may not provide us with significant protection against competitive products or otherwise be commercially viable. Our patents for the following technologies expire in the years and during the date ranges indicated below: * 5% amlexanox paste in 2011 * Zindaclin(R) and Residerm(R) between 2007 and 2011 * OraDisc(TM) in 2020 * AP5280 in 2021 * AP5346 in 2021 * Mucoadhesive technology, patents are pending * Vitamin mediated technology between 2006 and 2019 In addition, patents may have been granted to third parties or may be granted covering products or processes that are necessary or useful to the development of our drug candidates. If our drug candidates or processes are found to infringe upon the patents or otherwise impermissibly utilize the intellectual property of others, our development, manufacture and sale of such drug 13 candidates could be severely restricted or prohibited. In such event, we may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to utilize the patents or proprietary rights of others. We cannot assure investors that we will be able to obtain such licenses on acceptable terms, if at all. If we become involved in litigation regarding our intellectual property rights or the intellectual property rights of others, the potential cost of such litigation, regardless of the strength of our legal position, and the potential damages that we could be required to pay could be substantial. Our business could suffer if we lose the services of, or fail to attract, key personnel. - ------------------------------------------------------------- Due to the specialized scientific nature of our business, we are highly dependent upon our ability to attract and retain qualified management, scientific and technical personnel. In view of the stage of our development and our research and development programs, we have restricted our hiring to research scientists and a small administrative staff and we have made only limited investments in manufacturing, production, sales or regulatory compliance resources. There is intense competition among major pharmaceutical and chemical companies, specialized biotechnology firms and universities and other research institutions for qualified personnel in the areas of our activities, however, and we may be unsuccessful in attracting and retaining these personnel. Ownership of our shares is concentrated, to some extent, in the hands of a few investors which could limit the ability of our other stockholders to influence the direction of the company. - --------------------------------------------------------------- Larry N. Feinberg (Oracle Partners LP, Oracle Institutional Partners LP and Oracle Investment Management Inc.) and Heartland Advisors, Inc. beneficially owned approximately 11.9% and 10.9%, respectively, of our common stock as of March 31, 2005. Accordingly, they collectively may have the ability to significantly influence or determine the election of all of our directors or the outcome of most corporate actions requiring stockholder approval. They may exercise this ability in a manner that advances their best interests and not necessarily those of our other stockholders. Provisions of our charter documents could discourage an acquisition of our company that would benefit our stockholders and may have the effect of entrenching, and making it difficult to remove, management. - --------------------------------------------------------------- Provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation, By-laws and Stockholders Rights Plan may make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of the company, even if a change in control would benefit our stockholders. In particular, shares of our preferred stock may be issued in the future without further stockholder approval and upon such terms and conditions, and having such rights, privileges and preferences, as our Board of Directors may determine, including, for example, rights to convert into our common stock. The rights of the holders of our common stock will be subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of any of our preferred stock that may be issued in the future. The issuance of our preferred stock, while providing desirable flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us. This could limit the price that certain investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock and discourage these investors from acquiring a majority of our common stock. Further, the existence of these corporate governance provisions could have the effect of entrenching management and making it more difficult to change our management. 14 AMEX listing requirements. - -------------------------- Our common stock is presently listed on the American Stock Exchange under the symbol "AKC". All companies listed on AMEX are required to comply with certain continued listing standards, including corporate governance requirements, maintaining stockholders' equity at required levels, obtaining shareholder approvals for certain transactions, share price requirements and other rules and regulations of AMEX. AMEX listing requirements allow us to issue a maximum aggregate of 3,089,422 shares of our Common Stock in connection with our Secured Convertible Notes and the SEDA without receipt of shareholder approval. Any issuances above such amount would require shareholder approval or would be a violation of AMEX regulations. We are not in compliance with this stockholders' equity standard as of March 31, 2005. If we are unable to remedy any listing standard noncompliance with AMEX under its regulations and within the required time frames for such remediation, or otherwise regain compliance, we cannot assure investors that our common stock will continue to remain eligible for listing on AMEX. In the event that our common stock is delisted from AMEX its market value and liquidity could be materially adversely affected. Substantial sales of our common stock could lower our stock price. - ------------------------------------------------------------------- The market price for our common stock could drop as a result of sales of a large number of our presently outstanding shares or shares that we may issue or be obligated to issue in the future. Substantially, all of the 15,724,734 shares of our common stock that are outstanding as of May 9, 2005, are unrestricted and freely tradable or tradable pursuant to a resale registration statement or under Rule 144 of the Securities Act. Failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls could have a material adverse effect on our business. - ----------------------------------------------------------- Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports, our operating results could be harmed. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. While we continue to evaluate and improve our internal controls, we cannot be certain that these measures will ensure that we implement and maintain adequate controls over our financial processes and reporting in the future. Any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. For the year ended December 31, 2004, our management determined that our internal control over financial reporting was effective to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our auditors identified two material weaknesses in our internal controls and procedures during the course of their evaluation for the year ended December 31, 2004. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, as such standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Failure to achieve 15 and maintain an effective internal control environment could cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a material adverse effect on our stock price. ITEM 1 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The response to this Item is submitted as a separate section of this report. ITEM 2 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain statements that are forward-looking within the meaning of Section 27a of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that involve risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to the uncertainties associated with research and development activities, clinical trials, our ability to raise capital, the timing of and our ability to achieve regulatory approvals, dependence on others to market our licensed products, collaborations, future cash flow, the timing and receipt of licensing and milestone revenues, the future success of our marketed products and products in development, our ability to manufacture amlexanox products in commercial quantities, our sales projections, and the sales projections of our licensing partners, our ability to achieve licensing milestones and other risks described below as well as those discussed elsewhere in this Form 10-Q, documents incorporated by reference and other documents and reports that we file periodically with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q include, but are not limited to those relating to anticipated product approvals and timing thereof, the terms of future licensing arrangements, our ability to secure additional financing for our operations, our belief that our net cash burn rate for the next twelve months to be approximately $600,000 per month, our ability to repay our outstanding debt obligations, our ability to fund our operations (other than debt repayment) through March 2006, and our expected capital expenditures. OVERVIEW We are an emerging pharmaceutical company focused on developing both novel low development risk product candidates and technologies with longer-term major product opportunities. We are a Delaware corporation. Together with our subsidiaries, we have proprietary patents or rights to several drug delivery technology platforms, including: * synthetic polymer targeted delivery, * vitamin mediated targeted delivery, * vitamin mediated oral delivery, * bioerodible cross-linker technology, * mucoadhesive disc technology, * hydrogel particle aggregate technology, and * Residerm(R) topical delivery. In addition, we are marketing in the United States - Aphthasol(R), the first FDA approved product for the treatment of canker sores. We are developing new formulations and delivery forms of 16 amlexanox including mucoadhesive disc delivery and mucoadhesive liquid delivery. Our amlexanox 5% paste is marketed in the US as Aphthasol(R). We selected Contract Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Canada as our manufacturer of amlexanox 5% paste and it completed full scale production in September 2004. We re-launched Aphthasol(R) in the US market in September 2004 and recorded sales in the third and fourth quarters of 2004 as well as the quarter ended March 31, 2005. Since our inception, we have devoted our resources primarily to fund our research and development programs. We have been unprofitable since inception and to date have received limited revenues from the sale of products. We cannot assure investors that we will be able to generate sufficient product revenues to attain profitability on a sustained basis or at all. We expect to incur losses for the next several years as we continue to invest in product research and development, preclinical studies, clinical trials and regulatory compliance. As of March 31, 2005, our accumulated deficit was $66,887,000. On March 30, 2005, the Company finalized an agreement with Cornell Capital Partners and Highgate House Funds providing funding in the form of Secured Convertible Note for net proceeds of approximately $2,360,000, and a Equity Distribution Agreement under which, subject to terms of the Agreement, the Company can draw up to $15,000,000 in working capital over a 2- year period (see further discussion under Liquidity and Capital Resources). On February 24, 2004 we closed a private placement sale of our common stock pursuant to which we sold 1,789,371 shares of our common stock at a per share price of $5.40. We received gross proceeds of $9,663,000 from this sale and had expenses of $647,000. The investors also received 5 year warrants at an exercise price of $7.10 per share to purchase 447,344 shares of our common stock and the placement agents received warrants in the offering at an exercise price of $5.40 per share to purchase 156,481 shares of our common stock. On April 18, 2005 we announced that we executed an exclusive License Agreement granting Discuss Dental, Inc. the US marketing rights for amlexanox. The rights granted are for amlexanox 5% paste, currently marketed in the United States for the treatment of canker sores and OraDisc(TM) A, which was approved by the FDA in September 2004 for the same indication. In addition, we granted Discuss Dental the rights to any future product improvements for amlexanox in oral disease. Under the terms of the agreement, Discuss Dental will pay us a licensing fee and will make milestone payments. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES We have funded our operations primarily through private sales of common stock and convertible notes and our principal source of liquidity is cash and cash equivalents. Contract research payments, licensing fees and milestone payments from corporate alliances and mergers have also provided funding for operations. As of March 31, 2005 our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments were $2,888,000 and our working capital was $(9,474,000). Our working capital at March 31, 2005 represented a decrease of $1,686,000 as compared to our working capital as of December 31, 2004 of $(7,788,000). The decrease in working capital was due mainly to the loss from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2005. As of March 31, 2005, the Company had a working capital deficit of approximately $9,474,000. 17 As of that date, the Company did not have enough capital to achieve its near, medium or long-term goals. On March 30, 2005, the Company reached an agreement which management believes will provide sufficient capital to achieve its short-term goals, and depending upon results may provide sufficient capital to meet its long-term goals. As of March 30, 2005 the Company executed a Standby Equity Distribution Agreement (SEDA) with Cornell Capital Partners. Under the SEDA, subject to terms of the SEDA, the Company may issue and sell to Cornell Capital Partners common stock for a total purchase price of up to a maximum of $15,000,000. The purchase price for the shares is equal to their market price, which is defined in the SEDA as 98% of the lowest volume weighted average price of the common stock during a specified period of trading days following the date notice is given by the Company that it desires to access the SEDA. Further, we have agreed to pay Cornell Capital Partners, L.P. 3.5% of the proceeds that we receive under the SEDA. The amount of each draw down is subject to a maximum amount of $1,000,000. The terms of the SEDA do not allow us to make any draw downs if the draw down would cause Cornell Capital to own in excess of 9.9% of our outstanding shares of common stock. Based on the number of shares of our common stock currently outstanding, at volume weighted average price of $2.50, we could sell to Cornell Capital approximately $3,900,000 of our common stock subject to the 9.9% limitation. Thus, in order for the Company to receive all the funding available under the SEDA and have the financial resources it needs for operations and debt service, Cornell Capital must sell through to the market a significant portion of the shares it purchases under the arrangement. The Company believes that because the shares sold to Cornell Capital will be covered by an effective registration statement and Cornell Capital has a history of not holding significant positions in companies in which it invests, the shares purchased by Cornell Capital will be sold to the marketplace to maintain ownership below 9.9%. Provided that continuing sales to the marketplace are possible, the Company believes Cornell Capital will not accumulate 9.9% of the outstanding common stock of the Company; and, accordingly, the Company will be able to fully utilize the $15,000,000 made available through the SEDA. Upon closing of the transaction, Cornell Capital Partners received a one-time commitment fee of 146,500 shares of the Company's common stock. As of the same date, the Company entered into a Placement Agent Agreement with Newbridge Securities Corporation, a registered broker-dealer. Pursuant to the Placement Agent Agreement, the Company paid a one-time placement agent fee of 3,500 shares of common stock. In addition, as of March 30, 2005, the Company executed a Securities Purchase Agreement with Cornell Capital Partners and Highgate House Funds. Under the Securities Purchase Agreement, Cornell Capital Partners and Highgate House Funds purchased an aggregate of $2,633,000 principal amount of Secured Convertible Notes from the Company (net proceeds to the Company of $2,300,000). The Secured Convertible Notes accrue interest at a rate of 7% per year and mature 12 months from the issuance date with scheduled monthly repayment commencing on November 1, 2005, to the extent that the Secured Convertible Note has not been converted to common stock. The Secured Convertible Note is convertible into the Company's common stock at the holder's option any time up to maturity at a conversion price equal to $4.00. The Secured Convertible Notes are secured by all of the assets of the Company. The Company has the right to redeem the Secured Convertible Notes upon 3 business days notice for 110% of the amount redeemed. Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company issued to the holders an aggregate of 50,000 shares of common stock of the Company. Each of the SEDA, Security Purchase Agreement and related agreements were held in escrow 18 pending our filing of the Form 10-K and the issuance of shares of common stock required to be issued under the Agreement. On April 1, 2005 we received the funds. On February 24, 2004 we closed a private placement sale of our common stock pursuant to which we sold 1,789,371 shares of our common stock at a per share price of $5.40. We received gross proceeds of $9,663,000 from this sale and had expenses of $647,000. The investors also received 5 year warrants at an exercise price of $7.10 per share to purchase 447,344 shares of our common stock and the placement agents received warrants in the offering at an exercise price of $5.40 per share to purchase 156,481 shares of our common stock. We have also issued an aggregate of $13,530,000 of convertible notes, which are due in two parts -$8,030,000 is due on September 13, 2005 and $5,500,000 is due on September 13, 2008. The notes which bear interest at a rate of 7.7% per annum with $1,042,000 of interest due annually on each September 13, may convert to common stock at a conversion price of $5.50 per share. Should the holders of the notes not elect to convert them to common stock, or if we are not able to force the conversion of the notes by their terms, we must repay the amounts on the due dates. A failure to restructure our existing convertible notes or obtain necessary additional capital in the future could jeopardize our operations. We do not have sufficient funds to repay our convertible notes at their maturity. We may not be able to restructure the convertible notes or obtain additional financing to repay them on terms acceptable to us, if at all. If we raise additional funds by selling equity securities, the relative equity ownership of our existing investors would be diluted and the new investors could obtain terms more favorable than previous investors. A failure to restructure our convertible notes or obtain additional funding to repay the convertible notes and support our working capital and operating requirements, could cause us to be in default of our convertible notes and prevent us from making expenditures that are needed to allow us to maintain our operations. We have generally incurred negative cash flows from operations since inception, and have expended, and expect to continue to expend in the future, substantial funds to complete our planned product development efforts. Since inception, our expenses have significantly exceeded revenues, resulting in an accumulated deficit as of March 31, 2005 of $66,891,000. We expect that our existing capital resources together with anticipated licensing revenues and royalties will be adequate to fund our current level of operations through March 2006 excluding any obligation to repay the convertible notes, the debt service on the convertible notes and the secured convertible notes. We cannot assure investors that we will ever be able to generate significant product revenue or achieve or sustain profitability. We currently do not have the cash resources to repay our Convertible Notes due in September 2005 or our Secured Convertible Notes in March 2006. Our financing plan through the use of the SEDA or other sales of equity are expected to provide the resources to repay such notes. We plan to expend substantial funds to conduct research and development programs, preclinical studies and clinical trials of potential products, including research and development with respect to our acquired and developed technology. Our future capital requirements and adequacy of available funds will depend on many factors, including: * the ability to convert, repay or restructure our outstanding convertible notes and secured convertible notes; * the successful commercialization of amlexanox and Zindaclin(R); * the ability to establish and maintain collaborative arrangements with corporate 19 partners for the research, development and commercialization of products; * continued scientific progress in our research and development programs; * the magnitude, scope and results of preclinical testing and clinical trials; * the costs involved in filing, prosecuting and enforcing patent claims; * the costs involved in conducting clinical trials; * competing technological developments; * the cost of manufacturing and scale-up; * the ability to establish and maintain effective commercialization arrangements and activities; and * successful regulatory filings. FIRST QUARTER 2005 COMPARED TO FIRST QUARTER 2004 Our licensing revenue in the first quarter of 2005 was $11,000, as compared to licensing revenue of $4,000 in same quarter of 2004, an increase of $7,000. We recognize licensing revenue over the period of the performance obligation under our licensing agreements. Licensing revenue recognized in both 2005 and 2004 was from several agreements, including agreements related to various amlexanox projects and Residerm(R). There were $117,000 in product sales of Aphthasol(R) in the first quarter of 2005, as compared to no sales in the first quarter of 2004 due to a supply interruption in such period. Aphthasol(R) product sales recommenced in September 2004. Royalty income in the first quarter of 2005 was $27,000, as compared to $16,000 in the first quarter of 2004. Increased sales of Zindaclin(R) resulted in $11,000 higher royalty income. Total research spending for the first quarter of 2005 was $1,319,000, as compared to $1,144,000 for the same period in 2004, an increase of $175,000. The increase in expenses was primarily the result of: * higher costs ($82,000) for pre-production of OraDisc(TM) A; * higher costs for product and clinical trials for AP5346 ($71,000); and * higher salary and related costs due to additional employees ($74,000). The increase in expenses was partially offset by lower costs for other projects ($52,000). Our cost of product sales was $102,000 in the first quarter of 2005, as compared to $26,000 in the first quarter of 2004, an increase of $76,000. The increase in cost of product sales was due to increased product sales and fees associated with sales in 2005 versus no sales and fees in 2004 . Total general and administrative expenses were $689,000 for the first quarter of 2005, a decrease of $65,000 as compared to the same period in 2004. The decrease in spending was due primarily to the following: * lower patent expenses ($119,000), due to new patent expenses and PCT filings in 2004; 20 * lower salary and related costs ($16,000); * lower investor relations expenses ($10,000); The decrease in general and administrative expenses is partially offset by: * higher license fees ($39,000); * higher professional fees ($15,000); * higher general business consulting fees ($15,000); and * by other net increases ($11,000). Depreciation and amortization was $164,000 for the first quarter of 2005 as compared to $160,000 for the same period in 2004 reflecting an increase of $4,000. The increase in depreciation and amortization was due to increased depreciation resulting from the acquisition of additional capital assets. Total operating expenses in the first quarter of 2005 were $2,274,000 as compared to total operating expenses of $2,084,000 for the same period in 2004, an increase of $190,000. Loss from operations in the first quarter of 2005 was $2,119,000 as compared to a loss of $2,064,000 for the same period in 2004, an increase of $55,000. Interest and miscellaneous income was $10,000 for the first quarter of 2005 as compared to $33,000 for the same period in 2004, a decrease of $23,000. The decrease in interest income was due to lower cash balances and lower interest rates in 2005 as compared with 2004. Interest expense was $313,000 for the first quarter of 2005 as compared to $320,000 for the same period in 2004, a decrease of $7,000. Net loss in the first quarter of 2005 was $2,422,000, or a $0.16 basic and diluted loss per common share, compared with a loss of $2,351,000, or a $0.17 basic and diluted loss per common share for the same period in 2004, an increased loss of $71,000 in 2005. ITEM 3 QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK We invest our excess cash and short-term investments in certificates of deposit, corporate securities with high quality ratings, and U.S. government securities. These investments are not held for trading or other speculative purposes. These financial investment securities all mature in 2005 and 2006 and their estimated fair value approximates cost. Changes in interest rates affect the investment income we earn on our investments and, therefore, impact our cash flows and results of operations. A hypothetical 50 basis point decrease in interest rates would result in a decrease in annual interest income and a corresponding increase in net loss of approximately $3,000. This estimated effect assumes no changes in our short-term investments at March 31, 2005. We do not believe that we are exposed to any other market risks, as defined under applicable SEC regulations. We are not exposed to risks for changes in commodity prices, or any other market risks. 21 ITEM 4 CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES (a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. Our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our "disclosure controls and procedures" (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d- (e) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were (1) designed to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to the Company's chief executive officer and chief financial officer by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report was being prepared, and (2) effective, in that they provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. (b) Changes in internal controls. Except as set forth below, there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2005 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to material affect, our internal controls over financial reporting. (c) As previously reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004 (the "Form 10-K"), our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2004. However, as disclosed in the Form 10-K, our independent auditors concluded that we have two material weaknesses in the areas of segregation of duties and as a result of an aggregation of three separate significant deficiencies where the effectiveness of the controls are dependent on segregation of duties, as set forth in their attestation report in the Form 10-K. Their conclusion also points out that "these material weaknesses did not result in any adjustments to the annual or interim consolidated financial statements .... and that "this report does not affect (their) report dated March 31, 2005" reflecting their opinion on the financial statements. (d) Based on the criteria set forth in their attestation report in the Form 10-K, our independent auditors determined that proper segregation of duties do not exist within our accounting and finance area. While management believes that sufficient controls are in place, and that there is adequate segregation of duties within the business, it recognizes that this is a perceived material weakness and is taking the steps it believes are necessary to mitigate this risk. Management and the Audit Committee has considered the need for ongoing monitoring of internal controls under the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002, as well as strengthening the internal controls of the business by the engagement of an outside accounting/finance consulting firm to perform quarterly procedures designed to assist in the maintaining and monitoring of an effective control environment and to mitigate the risk related to a lack of segregation of duties between senior accounting/finance personnel. The consulting firm is expected to report and take instructions directly from the Audit Committee although management will be involved in assisting in determining the scope of the quarterly and annual procedures. Terms and conditions of this engagement are still under consideration. 22 PART II -- OTHER INFORMATION ITEM 1 LEGAL PROCEEDINGS None ITEM 2 SALES OF UNREGISTERED EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS On March 31, 2005, we executed a Standby Equity Distribution Agreement (SEDA) with Cornell Capital Partners and a Securities Purchase Agreement with Cornell Capital Partners and Highgate House Funds (see Part II - Item 5 - Other Information). Upon closing of the transaction, Cornell Capital Partners received a one-time commitment fee of 146,500 shares of the Company's common stock. As of the same date, the Company entered into a Placement Agent Agreement with Newbridge Securities Corporation, a registered broker-dealer. Pursuant to the Placement Agent Agreement, the Company paid a one-time placement agent fee of 3,500 shares of common stock. The shares and common stock issued have not been registered. We relied on Section 4(2) and/or 3(b) of the 1933 Securities Act and the provisions of Regulation D as exemptions from the registration thereunder. The proceeds of the offering will be used principally for general corporate purposes and to fund the development of our portfolio of product candidates. ITEM 3 DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES None ITEM 4 SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS None ITEM 5 OTHER INFORMATION As of March 30, 2005 the Company executed a Standby Equity Distribution Agreement (SEDA) with Cornell Capital Partners. Under the SEDA, subject to terms of the SEDA, the Company may issue and sell to Cornell Capital Partners common stock for a total purchase price of up to a maximum of $15,000,000. The purchase price for the shares is equal to their market price, which is defined in the SEDA as 98% of the lowest volume weighted average price of the common stock during a specified period of trading days following the date notice is given by the Company that it desires to access the SEDA. Further, we have agreed to pay Cornell Capital Partners, L.P. 3.5% of the proceeds that we receive under the SEDA. The amount of each draw down is subject to a maximum amount of $1,000,000. The terms of the SEDA do not allow us to make any draw downs if the draw down would cause Cornell Capital to own in excess of 9.9% of our outstanding shares of common stock. Based on the number of shares of our common stock currently outstanding, at volume weighted average price of $2.50, we could sell to Cornell Capital approximately $3,900,000 of our common stock subject to the 9.9% limitation. Thus, in order for the Company to receive all the funding available under the SEDA and have the financial resources it needs for operations and debt service, Cornell Capital must sell through to the market a significant portion of the shares it purchases under the arrangement. The Company believes that because the shares sold to Cornell Capital will be covered by an effective registration statement and Cornell Capital has a history of not holding significant positions in companies in which it invests, the shares purchased by Cornell Capital will be sold to the marketplace to maintain ownership below 9.9%. Provided that continuing sales to the marketplace are possible, the Company believes Cornell Capital will not accumulate 9.9% of the outstanding common stock of the Company; and, accordingly, the Company will be able to fully 23 utilize the $15,000,000 made available through the SEDA. Upon closing of the transaction, Cornell Capital Partners received a one-time commitment fee of 146,500 shares of the Company's common stock. As of the same date, the Company entered into a Placement Agent Agreement with Newbridge Securities Corporation, a registered broker-dealer. Pursuant to the Placement Agent Agreement, the Company paid a one-time placement agent fee of 3,500 shares of common stock. In addition, as of March 30, 2005, the Company executed a Securities Purchase Agreement with Cornell Capital Partners and Highgate House Funds. Under the Securities Purchase Agreement, Cornell Capital Partners and Highgate House Funds purchased an aggregate of $2,633,000 principal amount of Secured Convertible Notes from the Company (net proceeds to the Company of $2,300,000). The Secured Convertible Notes accrue interest at a rate of 7% per year and mature 12 months from the issuance date with scheduled monthly repayment commencing on November 1, 2005 to the extent that the Secured Convertible Note has not been converted to common stock. The Secured Convertible Note is convertible into the Company's common stock at the holder's option any time up to maturity at a conversion price equal to $4.00. The Secured Convertible Notes are secured by all of the assets of the Company. The Company has the right to redeem the Secured Convertible Notes upon 3 business days notice for 110% of the amount redeemed. Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company issued to the holders an aggregate of 50,000 shares of common stock of the Company. Each of the SEDA, Security Purchase Agreement and related agreements were held in escrow pending our filing of the Form 10-K and the issuance of shares of common stock required to be issued under the Agreement. On April 1, 2005 we received the funds. ITEM 6 EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K Exhibits: 10.27 Standby Equity Distribution Agreement dated March 30, 2005 between Cornell Capital Partners, LP and us 10.28 Securities Purchase Agreement dated March 30, 2005 between Buyers and us 10.29 Secured Convertible Notes dated March 30, 2005 10.30 Investor Rights Agreement dated March 30, 2005 10.31 Security Agreement dated March 30, 2005 10.32 Pledge and Escrow Agreement dated March 30, 2005 10.33 Escrow Agreement dated March 30, 2005 10.34 Registration Rights Agreement dated March 30, 2005 31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc. pursuant to Rule 13a- 14(a)/15d-14(a) 31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc. pursuant to Rule 13a- 14(a)/15d-14(a) 32.1* Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 32.2* Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 ______________ * This exhibit shall not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that 24 Section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filings under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any filings. SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. ACCESS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. Date: May 10, 2005 By: /s/ Kerry P. Gray ------------ ---------------------- Kerry P. Gray President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) Date: May 10, 2005 By: /s/ Stephen B. Thompson ------------ ------------------------- Stephen B. Thompson Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) 26 Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets March 31, 2005 December 31, 2004 ASSETS -------------- -------------- (unaudited) Current assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 2,888,000 $ 1,775,000 Short term investments, at cost 472,000 486,000 Accounts and other receivables 764,000 791,000 Inventory 113,000 125,000 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 957,000 1,093,000 ------------- ------------- Total current assets 5,194,000 4,270,000 ------------- ------------- Property and equipment, net 982,000 1,040,000 Debt issuance costs, net 917,000 130,000 Patents, net 2,231,000 2,315,000 Licenses, net 113,000 125,000 Goodwill, net 1,868,000 1,868,000 Restricted cash and other assets 456,000 1,342,000 ------------- ------------- Total assets $ 11,761,000 $ 11,090,000 ============= ============= LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT Current liabilities Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 1,800,000 $ 2,131,000 Accrued interest payable 572,000 311,000 Deferred revenues 1,428,000 1,199,000 Current portion of notes payable and other future obligations 10,868,000 8,417,000 ------------- ------------- Total current liabilities 14,668,000 12,058,000 Note payable, net of current portion 152,000 193,000 Convertible note 5,500,000 5,500,000 ------------- ------------- Total liabilities 20,320,000 17,751,000 ------------- ------------- Commitments and contingencies Stockholders' deficit Preferred stock - $.01 par value; authorized 2,000,000 shares; none issued or outstanding - - Common stock - $.01 par value; authorized 50,000,000 shares; issued, 15,724,734 at March 31, 2005 and 15,524,734 at December 31, 2004 157,000 155,000 Additional paid-in capital 59,508,000 59,010,000 Notes receivable from stockholders (1,045,000) (1,045,000) Unamortized value of restricted stock grants (277,000) (309,000) Treasury stock, at cost - 819 shares (4,000) (4,000) Accumulated other comprehensive loss (11,000) (3,000) Accumulated deficit (66,887,000) (64,465,000) ------------ ------------- Total stockholders' deficit (8,559,000) (6,661,000) ------------ ------------- Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit $11,761,000 $11,090,000 ============ =============
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. 27 Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Subsidiaries Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (unaudited)
Three Months ended March 31, ------------------------------ 2005 2004 -------------- -------------- Revenues Licensing revenues $ 11,000 $ 4,000 Product sales 117,000 - Royalty income 27,000 16,000 ------------- -------------- Total revenues 155,000 20,000 Expenses Research and development 1,319,000 1,144,000 Costs of product sales 102,000 26,000 General and administrative 689,000 754,000 Depreciation and amortization 164,000 160,000 ------------- -------------- Total expenses 2,274,000 2,084,000 ------------- -------------- Loss from operations (2,119,000) (2,064,000) Other income (expense) Interest and miscellaneous income 10,000 33,000 Interest and other expense (313,000) (320,000) ------------- ------------- (303,000) (287,000) Net loss $ (2,422,000) $ (2,351,000) ============= ============== Basic and diluted loss per common share $(0.16) $(0.17) ============= ============== Weighted average basic and diluted common shares outstanding 15,524,734 14,200,273 ============= ============== Net loss $ (2,422,000) $ (2,351,000) Other comprehensive income (loss) Foreign currency translation adjustment (8,000) 10,000 ------------- ------------- Comprehensive loss $ (2,430,000) $ (2,341,000) ============= =============
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. 28 Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Subsidiaries Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)
Three Months ended March 31, ------------------------------ 2005 2004 -------------- -------------- Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss $ (2,422,000) $ (2,351,000) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities: Warrants issued in payment of consulting expenses - 42,000 Amortization of restricted stock grants 32,000 29,000 Depreciation and amortization 164,000 160,000 Amortization of debt costs 46,000 46,000 Change in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable 27,000 (40,000) Inventory 12,000 - Prepaid expenses and other current assets 136,000 (113,000) Restricted cash and other assets 553,000 30,000 Accounts payable and accrued expenses (331,000) (125,000) Accrued interest payable 261,000 261,000 Deferred revenues 229,000 (4,000) ------------ ------------- Net cash used in operating activities (1,293,000) (2,065,000) ------------ ------------- Cash flows from investing activities: Capital expenditures (10,000) (60,000) Redemptions of short term investments and certificates of deposit 14,000 921,000 ------------ ------------- Net cash provided by investing activities 4,000 861,000 ------------ ------------- Cash flows from financing activities: Payments of notes payable (223,000) (225,000) Proceeds from secured notes payable 2,633,000 - Proceeds from stock issuances, net of costs of $647,000 - 9,035,000 ------------ ------------- Net cash provided by financing activities 2,410,000 8,810,000 ------------ ------------- Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 1,121,000 7,606,000 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash (8,000) 23,000 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 1,775,000 727,000 ------------ ------------- Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 2,888,000 $ 8,356,000 ============ ============= Cash paid for interest $7,000 $6,000 Supplemental disclosure of non-cash transactions 200,000 shares of common stock issued pursuant to the SEDA and Secured Convertible Notes $500,000 -
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. 29 Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements Three Months Ended March 31, 2005 and 2004 (unaudited) (1) Interim Financial Statements The consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2005 and the consolidated statements of operations and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004 were prepared by management without audit. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, except as otherwise disclosed, necessary for the fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations, and changes in financial position for such periods, have been made. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted. It is suggested that these interim financial statements be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004. The results of operations for the period ended March 31, 2005 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results which may be expected for a full year. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2004 contains financial information taken from the audited financial statements as of that date. (2) Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents includes $2,360,000, kept in an overnight escrow account, pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement with Cornell Capital Partners and Highgate House funds, executed on March 30, 2005. (3) Intangible Assets Intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):
March 31, 2005 December 31, 2004 ------------------------- ------------------------- Gross Gross carrying Accumulated carrying Accumulated value amortization value amortization ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ Amortizable intangible assets Patents $ 3,179 $ 948 $ 3,179 $ 864 Licenses 500 387 500 375 ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ Total $ 3,679 $ 1,335 $ 3,679 $ 1,239 ============ ============ ============ ============
Amortization expense related to intangible assets totaled $96,000 and $105,000 for each of the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The aggregate estimated amortization expense for intangible assets remaining as of March 31 is as follows (in thousands): 30 2005 $ 291 2006 388 2007 363 2008 338 2009 338 Thereafter 626 --------- Total $ 2,344 ========= (4) Stock-Based Compensation The following table illustrates the effect on net loss and loss per share if we had applied the fair value recognition provisions of FASB Statement 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, using assumptions described in the 2004 Form 10-K, Note 1, to our stock-based employee plans.
Three months ended March 31, -------------------------- 2005 2004 ------------ ------------ Net loss As reported $(2,422,000) $(2,351,000) Deduct: Stock-based employee compensation expense determined under fair value based method (155,000) (212,000) ------------ ------------ Pro forma $(2,577,000) $(2,563,000) ============ ============ Basic and diluted loss per share: As reported $(0.16) $(0.17) Pro forma (0.17) (0.18)
The effect of our outstanding options and warrants are anti-dilutive when we have a net loss. The fully diluted shares are: Three months ended March 31, ------------------------- 2005 2004 ------------ ------------ Fully diluted shares 21,444,800 20,313,562
EX-31.1 2 r10q-571.txt CEO CERTIFICATE Exhibit 31.1 CERTIFICATION I, Kerry P. Gray, the President and Chief Executive Officer of Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc., certify that: 1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this quarterly report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this quarterly report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this quarterly report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. 5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. Date: May 10, 2005 /s/ Kerry P. Gray - ------------------ Kerry P. Gray President and Chief Executive Officer EX-31.2 3 r10q-572.txt CFO CERTIFICATE Exhibit 31.2 CERTIFICATION I, Stephen B. Thompson, the Chief Financial Officer of Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc., certify that: 1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this quarterly report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this quarterly report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this quarterly report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. 5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. Date: May 10, 2005 /s/ Stephen B. Thompson - ----------------------- Stephen B. Thompson Chief Financial Officer EX-32.1 4 r10q-573.txt CEO CERTIFICATE EXHIBIT 32.1 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 The certification set forth below is hereby made solely for the purpose of satisfying the requirements of Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and may not be relied upon or used for any other purposes. In connection with the Quarterly Report of Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2005, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Kerry P. Gray, President and Chief Executive Officer certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge (1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and (2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 or other document authenticating, acknowledging or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. Signed at the City of Dallas, in the State of Texas, this 10th day of May, 2005. /s/ Kerry P. Gray - ----------------- Kerry P. Gray President and Chief Executive Officer EX-32.2 5 r10q-574.txt CFO CERTIFICATE EXHIBIT 32.2 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 The certification set forth below is hereby made solely for the purpose of satisfying the requirements of Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and may not be relied upon or used for any other purposes. In connection with the Quarterly Report of Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2005, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Stephen B. Thompson, Chief Financial Officer certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge (1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and (2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 or other document authenticating, acknowledging or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. Signed at the City of Dallas, in the State of Texas, this 10th day of May, 2005. /s/ Stephen B. Thompson - ----------------------- Stephen B. Thompson Chief Financial Officer EX-10.27 6 r10q-575.txt STANDBY EQUITY DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT Exhibit 10.27 STANDBY EQUITY DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT THIS AGREEMENT dated as of the 30th day of March 2005 (the "Agreement") between CORNELL CAPITAL PARTNERS, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the "Investor"), and ACCESS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (the "Company"). WHEREAS, the parties desire that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein, the Company shall issue and sell to the Investor, from time to time as provided herein, and the Investor shall purchase from the Company up to Fifteen Million Dollars ($15,000,000) of the Company's common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the Common Stock"); and WHEREAS, such investments will be made in reliance upon the provisions of Regulation D ("Regulation D") of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder (the "Securities Act"), and or upon such other exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act as may be available with respect to any or all of the investments to be made hereunder. WHEREAS, the Company has engaged Newbridge Securities Corporation (the "Placement Agent"), to act as the Company's exclusive placement agent in connection with the sale of the Company's Common Stock to the Investor hereunder pursuant to the Placement Agent Agreement dated the date hereof by and among the Company, the Placement Agent and the Investor (the "Placement Agent Agreement"). NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows: ARTICLE I. Certain Definitions Section 1.1."Advance" shall mean the portion of the Commitment Amount requested by the Company in the Advance Notice. Section 1.2."Advance Date" shall mean the date the David Gonzalez Attorney Trust Account is in receipt of the funds from the Investor and David Gonzalez, Esq., is in possession of free trading shares from the Company and therefore an Advance by the Investor to the Company can be made and David Gonzalez, Esq. can release the free trading shares to the Investor. The Advance Date shall be the first (1st) Trading Day after expiration of the applicable Pricing Period for each Advance. Section 1.3."Advance Notice" shall mean a written notice to the Investor setting forth the Advance amount that the Company requests from the Investor and the Advance Date. Section 1.4."Advance Notice Date" shall mean each date the Company delivers to the Investor an Advance Notice requiring the Investor to advance funds to the Company, subject to the terms of this Agreement. No Advance Notice Date shall be less than five (5) Trading Days after the prior Advance Notice Date. Section 1.5."Bid Price" shall mean, on any date, the closing bid price (as reported by Bloomberg L.P.) of the Common Stock on the Principal Market or if the Common Stock is not traded on a Principal Market, the highest reported bid price for the Common Stock, as furnished by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Section 1.6."Closing" shall mean one of the closings of a purchase and sale of Common Stock pursuant to Section 2.3. Section 1.7."Commitment Amount" shall mean the aggregate amount of up to Fifteen Million Dollars ($15,000,000) which the Investor has agreed to provide to the Company in order to purchase the Company's Common Stock pursuant to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, provided that the Company shall not request an Advance if the issuance of the full number of shares of Common Stock issuable in connection with such Advance would result in a violation of the AMEX Listing Standards, Policies and Requirements Section 713 (or any similar applicable section) unless the necessary shareholder approval or consent has been received prior to such request. Section 1.8."Commitment Period" shall mean the period commencing on the earlier to occur of (i) the Effective Date, or (ii) such earlier date as the Company and the Investor may mutually agree in writing, and expiring on the earliest to occur of (x) the date on which the Investor shall have made payment of Advances pursuant to this Agreement in the aggregate amount of Fifteen Million Dollars ($15,000,000), (y) the date this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 2.4, or (z) the date occurring twenty-four (24) months after the Effective Date. Section 1.9."Common Stock" shall mean the Company's common stock, par value $0.01 per share. Section 1.10."Condition Satisfaction Date" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.2. Section 1.11."Damages" shall mean any loss, claim, damage, liability, costs and expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable attorney's fees and disbursements and costs and expenses of expert witnesses and investigation). Section 1.12."Effective Date" shall mean the date on which the SEC first declares effective a Registration Statement registering the resale of the Registrable Securities as set forth in Section 7.2(a). Section 1.13."Escrow Agreement" shall mean the escrow agreement among the Company, the Investor, and David Gonzalez, Esq., dated the date hereof. Section 1.14."Exchange Act" shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Section 1.15."Material Adverse Effect" shall mean any condition, circumstance, or situation that would prohibit or otherwise materially interfere with the ability of the Company to enter into and perform any of its obligations under this Agreement or the Registration Rights Agreement in any material respect. Section 1.16."Market Price" shall mean the lowest VWAP of the Common Stock during the Pricing Period. Section 1.17."Maximum Advance Amount" shall be One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) per Advance Notice. Section 1.18."NASD" shall mean the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Section 1.19."Person" shall mean an individual, a corporation, a partnership, an association, a trust or other entity or organization, including a government or political subdivision or an agency or instrumentality thereof. Section 1.20."Placement Agent" shall mean Newbridge Securities Corporation, a registered broker-dealer. Section 1.21."Pricing Period" shall mean the five (5) consecutive Trading Days after the Advance Notice Date. Section 1.22."Principal Market" shall mean the Nasdaq National Market, the Nasdaq SmallCap Market, the American Stock Exchange, the OTC Bulletin Board or the New York Stock Exchange, whichever is at the time the principal trading exchange or market for the Common Stock. Section 1.23."Purchase Price" shall be set at ninety eight percent (98%) of the Market Price during the Pricing Period. Section 1.24."Registrable Securities" shall mean the shares of Common Stock to be issued hereunder (i) in respect of which the Registration Statement has not been declared effective by the SEC, (ii) which have not been sold under circumstances meeting all of the applicable conditions of Rule 144 (or any similar provision then in force) under the Securities Act (Rule 144"), (iii) which have not been otherwise transferred to a holder who may trade such shares without restriction under the Securities Act, and the Company has delivered a new certificate or other evidence of ownership for such securities not bearing a restrictive legend, or (iv) which are not immediately tradable pursuant to Rule 144(k). Section 1.25."Registration Rights Agreement" shall mean the Registration Rights Agreement dated the date hereof, regarding the filing of the Registration Statement for the resale of the Registrable Securities, entered into between the Company and the Investor. Section 1.26."Registration Statement" shall mean a registration statement on Form S-3 or SB-2 (if use of such form is then available to the Company pursuant to the rules of the SEC and, if not, on such other form promulgated by the SEC for which the Company then qualifies and which counsel for the Company shall deem appropriate, and which form shall be available for the resale of the Registrable Securities to be registered thereunder in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement, and in accordance with the intended method of distribution of such securities), for the registration of the resale by the Investor of the Registrable Securities under the Securities Act. Section 1.27."Regulation D" shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement. Section 1.28."SEC" shall mean the Securities and Exchange Commission. Section 1.29."Securities Act" shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement. Section 1.30."SEC Documents" shall mean Annual Reports on Form 10-KSB or 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-QSB or 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and Proxy Statements of the Company as supplemented to the date hereof, filed by the Company for a period of at least twelve (12) months immediately preceding the date hereof or the Advance Date, as the case may be, until such time as the Company no longer has an obligation to maintain the effectiveness of a Registration Statement as set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement. Section 1.31."Trading Day" shall mean any day during which the New York Stock Exchange shall be open for business. Section 1.32."VWAP" shall mean the volume weighted average price of the Company's Common Stock as quoted by Bloomberg, LP. ARTICLE II. Advances Section 2.1.Investments. (a)Advances. Upon the terms and conditions set forth herein (including, without limitation, the provisions of Article VII hereof), on any Advance Notice Date the Company may request an Advance by the Investor by the delivery of an Advance Notice. The number of shares of Common Stock that the Investor shall receive for each Advance shall be determined by dividing the amount of the Advance by the Purchase Price. No fractional shares shall be issued. Fractional shares shall be rounded to the next higher whole number of shares. The aggregate maximum amount of all Advances that the Investor shall be obligated to make under this Agreement shall not exceed the Commitment Amount. Section 2.2. Mechanics. (a) Advance Notice. At any time during the Commitment Period, the Company may deliver an Advance Notice to the Investor, subject to the conditions set forth in Section 7.2; provided, however, the amount for each Advance as designated by the Company in the applicable Advance Notice, shall not be more than the Maximum Advance Amount. The aggregate amount of the Advances pursuant to this Agreement shall not exceed the Commitment Amount. The Company acknowledges that the Investor may sell shares of the Company's Common Stock corresponding with a particular Advance Notice on the day the Advance Notice is received by the Investor. There shall be a minimum of five (5) Trading Days between each Advance Notice Date. (b) Date of Delivery of Advance Notice. An Advance Notice shall be deemed delivered on (i) the Trading Day it is received by facsimile or otherwise by the Investor if such notice is received prior to 12:00 noon Eastern Time, or (ii) the immediately succeeding Trading Day if it is received by facsimile or otherwise after 12:00 noon Eastern Time on a Trading Day or at any time on a day which is not a Trading Day. No Advance Notice may be deemed delivered on a day that is not a Trading Day. Section 2.3. Closings. On each Advance Date, which shall be the first (1st) Trading Day after expiration of the applicable Pricing Period for each Advance, (i) the Company shall deliver to David Gonzalez, Esq. (the "Escrow Agent") shares of the Company's Common Stock, representing the amount of the Advance by the Investor pursuant to Section 2.1 herein, registered in the name of the Investor which shall be delivered to the Investor, or otherwise in accordance with the Escrow Agreement and (ii) the Investor shall deliver to Escrow Agent the amount of the Advance specified in the Advance Notice by wire transfer of immediately available funds which shall be delivered to the Company, or otherwise in accordance with the Escrow Agreement. In addition, on or prior to the Advance Date, each of the Company and the Investor shall deliver to the other through the Investor's counsel, all documents, instruments and writings required to be delivered by either of them pursuant to this Agreement in order to implement and effect the transactions contemplated herein. Payment of funds to the Company and delivery of the Company's Common Stock to the Investor shall occur in accordance with the conditions set forth above and those contained in the Escrow Agreement; provided, however, that to the extent the Company has not paid the fees, expenses, and disbursements of the Investor, the Investor's counsel, or the Company's counsel in accordance with Section 12.4, the amount of such fees, expenses, and disbursements may be deducted by the Investor (and shall be paid to the relevant party) from the amount of the Advance with no reduction in the amount of shares of the Company's Common Stock to be delivered on such Advance Date. Section 2.4. Termination of Investment. The obligation of the Investor to make an Advance to the Company pursuant to this Agreement shall terminate permanently (including with respect to an Advance Date that has not yet occurred) in the event that (i) there shall occur any stop order or suspension of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement for an aggregate of seventy- five (75) Trading Days, other than due to the acts of the Investor, during the Commitment Period, and (ii) the Company shall at any time fail materially to comply with the requirements of Article VI and such failure is not cured within thirty (30) days after receipt of written notice from the Investor, provided, however, that this termination provision shall not apply to any period commencing upon the filing of a post-effective amendment to such Registration Statement and ending upon the date on which such post effective amendment is declared effective by the SEC. Section 2.5. Agreement to Advance Funds. The Investor agrees to advance the amount specified in the Advance Notice to the Company after the completion of each of the following conditions and the other conditions set forth in this Agreement: (a) the execution and delivery by the Company, and the Investor, of this Agreement and the Exhibits hereto; (b) The Escrow Agent shall have received the shares of Common Stock applicable to the Advance in accordance with Section 2.3. Such shares shall be free of restrictive legends. (c) the Company's Registration Statement with respect to the resale of the Registrable Securities in accordance with the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement shall have been declared effective by the SEC; (d) the Company shall have obtained all material permits and qualifications required by any applicable state for the offer and sale of the Registrable Securities, or shall have the availability of exemptions therefrom. The sale and issuance of the Registrable Securities shall be legally permitted by all laws and regulations to which the Company is subject; (e) the Company shall have filed with the Commission in a timely manner all reports, notices and other documents required of a "reporting company" under the Exchange Act and applicable Commission regulations; (f) the fees as set forth in Section 12.4 below shall have been paid or can be withheld as provided in Section 2.3; and (g) the conditions set forth in Section 7.2 shall have been satisfied. (h) the Company shall have provided to the Investor an acknowledgement, from Grant Thornton LLP as to its ability to provide all consents required in order to file a registration statement in connection with this transaction; (i) The Company's transfer agent shall be DWAC eligible. Section 2.6. Lock Up Period. On the date hereof, the Company shall obtain from each officer and director a lock-up agreement, as defined below, in the form annexed hereto as Schedule 2.6 agreeing to only sell in compliance with the volume limitation of Rule 144. Section 2.7. Hardship. In the event the Investor sells shares of the Company's Common Stock after receipt of an Advance Notice and the Company fails to perform its obligations as mandated in Section 2.3, and specifically the Company fails to deliver to the Escrow Agent on the Advance Date the shares of Common Stock corresponding to the applicable Advance, the Company acknowledges that the Investor shall suffer financial hardship and therefore shall be liable for any and all losses, commissions, fees, or financial hardship caused to the Investor. ARTICLE III. Representations and Warranties of Investor Investor hereby represents and warrants to, and agrees with, the Company that the following are true and as of the date hereof and as of each Advance Date: Section 3.1. Organization and Authorization. The Investor is duly incorporated or organized and validly existing in the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization and has all requisite power and authority to purchase and hold the securities issuable hereunder. The decision to invest and the execution and delivery of this Agreement by such Investor, the performance by such Investor of its obligations hereunder and the consummation by such Investor of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized and requires no other proceedings on the part of the Investor. The undersigned has the right, power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and all other instruments (including, without limitations, the Registration Rights Agreement), on behalf of the Investor. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Investor and, assuming the execution and delivery hereof and acceptance thereof by the Company, will constitute the legal, valid and binding obligations of the Investor, enforceable against the Investor in accordance with its terms. Section 3.2. Evaluation of Risks. The Investor has such knowledge and experience in financial tax and business matters as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of, and bearing the economic risks entailed by, an investment in the Company and of protecting its interests in connection with this transaction. It recognizes that its investment in the Company involves a high degree of risk. Section 3.3. No Legal Advice From the Company. The Investor acknowledges that it had the opportunity to review this Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement with his or its own legal counsel and investment and tax advisors. The Investor is relying solely on such counsel and advisors and not on any statements or representations of the Company or any of its representatives or agents for legal, tax or investment advice with respect to this investment, the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the securities laws of any jurisdiction. Section 3.4. Investment Purpose. The securities are being purchased by the Investor for its own account, and for investment. The Investor agrees not to assign or in any way transfer the Investor's rights to the securities or any interest therein and acknowledges that the Company will not recognize any purported assignment or transfer except in accordance with applicable Federal and state securities laws. No other person has or will have a direct or indirect beneficial interest in the securities. The Investor agrees not to sell, hypothecate or otherwise transfer the Investor's securities unless the securities are registered under Federal and applicable state securities laws or unless, in the opinion of counsel satisfactory to the Company, an exemption from such laws is available. Section 3.5. Accredited Investor. The Investor is an "Accredited Investor" as that term is defined in Rule 501(a)(3) of Regulation D of the Securities Act. Section 3.6. Information. The Investor and its advisors (and its counsel), if any, have been furnished with all materials relating to the business, finances and operations of the Company and information it deemed material to making an informed investment decision. The Investor and its advisors, if any, have been afforded the opportunity to ask questions of the Company and its management. Neither such inquiries nor any other due diligence investigations conducted by such Investor or its advisors, if any, or its representatives shall modify, amend or affect the Investor's right to rely on the Company's representations and warranties contained in this Agreement. The Investor understands that its investment involves a high degree of risk. The Investor is in a position regarding the Company, which, based upon employment, family relationship or economic bargaining power, enabled and enables such Investor to obtain information from the Company in order to evaluate the merits and risks of this investment. The Investor has sought such accounting, legal and tax advice, as it has considered necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to this transaction. Section 3.7. Receipt of Documents. The Investor and its counsel have received and read in their entirety: (i) this Agreement and the Exhibits annexed hereto; (ii) all due diligence and other information necessary to verify the accuracy and completeness of such representations, warranties and covenants; (iii) the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 and Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2004; and (iv) answers to all questions the Investor submitted to the Company regarding an investment in the Company; and the Investor has relied on the information contained therein and has not been furnished any other documents, literature, memorandum or prospectus. Section 3.8. Registration Rights Agreement and Escrow Agreement. The parties have entered into the Registration Rights Agreement and the Escrow Agreement, each dated the date hereof. Section 3.9. No General Solicitation. Neither the Company, nor any of its affiliates, nor any person acting on its or their behalf, has engaged in any form of general solicitation or general advertising (within the meaning of Regulation D under the Securities Act) in connection with the offer or sale of the shares of Common Stock offered hereby. Section 3.10.Not an Affiliate. The Investor is not an officer, director or a person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by, or is under common control with the Company or any "Affiliate" of the Company (as that term is defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act). Section 3.11.Trading Activities. The Investor's trading activities with respect to the Company's Common Stock have been and shall be in compliance with all applicable federal and state securities laws, rules and regulations and the rules and regulations of the Principal Market on which the Company's Common Stock is listed or traded. Neither the Investor nor its affiliates has an open short position in the Common Stock of the Company, the Investor agrees that it shall not, and that it will cause its affiliates not to, engage in any short sales of or hedging transactions with respect to the Common Stock, provided that the Company acknowledges and agrees that upon receipt of an Advance Notice the Investor is permitted to sell the shares to be issued to the Investor pursuant to the Advance Notice during the applicable Pricing Period. ARTICLE IV. Representations and Warranties of the Company Except as stated below, on the disclosure schedules attached hereto or in the SEC Documents (as defined herein), the Company hereby represents and warrants to, and covenants with, the Investor that the following are true and correct as of the date hereof: Section 4.1. Organization and Qualification. The Company is duly incorporated or organized and validly existing in the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization and has all requisite corporate power to own its properties and to carry on its business as now being conducted. Each of the Company and its subsidiaries is duly qualified as a foreign corporation to do business and is in good standing in every jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted by it makes such qualification necessary, except to the extent that the failure to be so qualified or be in good standing would not have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole. Section 4.2. Authorization, Enforcement, Compliance with Other Instruments. (i) The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and perform this Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement, the Escrow Agreement, the Placement Agent Agreement and any related agreements, in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, (ii) the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement, the Escrow Agreement, the Placement Agent Agreement and any related agreements by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, have been duly authorized by the Company's Board of Directors and no further consent or authorization is required by the Company, its Board of Directors or its stockholders, (iii) this Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement, the Escrow Agreement, the Placement Agent Agreement and any related agreements have been duly executed and delivered by the Company, (iv) this Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement, the Escrow Agreement, the Placement Agent Agreement and assuming the execution and delivery thereof and acceptance by the Investor and any related agreements constitute the valid and binding obligations of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by general principles of equity or applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, liquidation or similar laws relating to, or affecting generally, the enforcement of creditors' rights and remedies. Section 4.3. Capitalization. As of the date hereof the authorized capital stock of the Company consists of 50,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share and 2,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock of which 15,524,734 shares of Common Stock and zero shares of Preferred Stock are issued and outstanding. All of such outstanding shares have been validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents and in connection with the issuance of certain Debentures to the Investor and its Affiliates, no shares of Common Stock are subject to preemptive rights or any other similar rights or any liens or encumbrances suffered or permitted by the Company. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents, as of the date hereof, (i) there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, any shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may become bound to issue additional shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, any shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (ii) there are no outstanding debt securities (iii) there are no outstanding registration statements other than on Form S-8 and Form S-3 resale registration statements in connection with sales of common stock discussed in the SEC Documents, and (iv) there are no agreements or arrangements under which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is obligated to register the sale of any of their securities under the Securities Act (except pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement and Form S-3 resale registration statements in connection with sales of common stock discussed in the SEC Documents). There are no securities or instruments containing anti-dilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by this Agreement or any related agreement or the consummation of the transactions described herein or therein. The Company has furnished to the Investor true and correct copies of the Company's Certificate of Incorporation, as amended and as in effect on the date hereof (the "Certificate of Incorporation"), and the Company's By-laws, as in effect on the date hereof (the "By-laws"), and the terms of all securities convertible into or exercisable for Common Stock and the material rights of the holders thereof in respect thereto. Section 4.4. No Conflict. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby will not (i) result in a violation of the Certificate of Incorporation, any certificate of designations of any outstanding series of preferred stock of the Company or By-laws or (ii) conflict with or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture or instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party, or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree (including federal and state securities laws and regulations and the rules and regulations of the Principal Market on which the Common Stock is quoted) applicable to the Company or any of its subsidiaries or by which any material property or asset of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is bound or affected and which would cause a Material Adverse Effect. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents, neither the Company nor its subsidiaries is in violation of any term of or in default under its Articles of Incorporation or By-laws or their organizational charter or by-laws, respectively, or any material contract, agreement, mortgage, indebtedness, indenture, instrument, judgment, decree or order or any statute, rule or regulation applicable to the Company or its subsidiaries. The business of the Company and its subsidiaries is not being conducted in violation of any material law, ordinance, regulation of any governmental entity. Except as specifically contemplated by this Agreement and as required under the Securities Act and any applicable state securities laws, the Company is not required to obtain any consent, authorization or order of, or make any filing or registration with, any court or governmental agency in order for it to execute, deliver or perform any of its obligations under or contemplated by this Agreement or the Registration Rights Agreement in accordance with the terms hereof or thereof. All consents, authorizations, orders, filings and registrations which the Company is required to obtain pursuant to the preceding sentence have been obtained or effected on or prior to the date hereof. The Company and its subsidiaries are unaware of any fact or circumstance which might give rise to any of the foregoing. Section 4.5. SEC Documents; Financial Statements. Since January 1, 2003, the Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by it with the SEC under of the Exchange Act. The Company has delivered to the Investor or its representatives, or made available through the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov, true and complete copies of the SEC Documents. As of their respective dates, the financial statements of the Company disclosed in the SEC Documents (the "Financial Statements") complied as to form in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied, during the periods involved (except (i) as may be otherwise indicated in such financial statements or the notes thereto, or (ii) in the case of unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may exclude footnotes or may be condensed or summary statements) and, fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company as of the dates thereof and the results of its operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal year-end audit adjustments). No other information provided in writing by or on behalf of the Company to the Investor which is not included in the SEC Documents contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. Section 4.6. 10b-5. The SEC Documents do not include any untrue statements of material fact, nor do they omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. Section 4.7. No Default. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents, the Company is not in default in the performance or observance of any material obligation, agreement, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust or other material instrument or agreement to which it is a party or by which it is or its property is bound and neither the execution, nor the delivery by the Company, nor the performance by the Company of its obligations under this Agreement or any of the exhibits or attachments hereto will conflict with or result in the breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default or result in the creation or imposition of any lien or charge on any assets or properties of the Company under its Certificate of Incorporation, By-Laws, any material indenture, mortgage, deed of trust or other material agreement applicable to the Company or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound, or any statute, or any decree, judgment, order, rules or regulation of any court or governmental agency or body having jurisdiction over the Company or its properties, in each case which default, lien or charge is likely to cause a Material Adverse Effect on the Company's business or financial condition. Section 4.8. Absence of Events of Default. Except for matters described in the SEC Documents and/or this Agreement, no Event of Default, as defined in the respective agreement to which the Company is a party, and no event which, with the giving of notice or the passage of time or both, would become an Event of Default (as so defined), has occurred and is continuing, which would have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company's business, properties, prospects, financial condition or results of operations. Section 4.9. Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its subsidiaries own or possess adequate rights or licenses to use all material trademarks, trade names, service marks, service mark registrations, service names, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, approvals, governmental authorizations, trade secrets and rights necessary to conduct their respective businesses as now conducted. The Company and its subsidiaries do not have any knowledge of any infringement by the Company or its subsidiaries of trademark, trade name rights, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, service names, service marks, service mark registrations, trade secret or other similar rights of others, and, to the knowledge of the Company, there is no claim, action or proceeding being made or brought against, or to the Company's knowledge, being threatened against, the Company or its subsidiaries regarding trademark, trade name, patents, patent rights, invention, copyright, license, service names, service marks, service mark registrations, trade secret or other infringement; and the Company and its subsidiaries are unaware of any facts or circumstances which might give rise to any of the foregoing. Section 4.10.Employee Relations. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is involved in any labor dispute nor, to the knowledge of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, is any such dispute threatened. None of the Company's or its subsidiaries' employees is a member of a union and the Company and its subsidiaries believe that their relations with their employees are good. Section 4.11.Environmental Laws. The Company and its subsidiaries are (i) in compliance with any and all applicable material foreign, federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of human health and safety, the environment or hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants ("Environmental Laws"), (ii) have received all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses and (iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval. Section 4.12.Title. Except as set forth in the SEC Documents, the Company has good and marketable title to its properties and material assets owned by it, free and clear of any pledge, lien, security interest, encumbrance, claim or equitable interest other than such as are not material to the business of the Company. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and its subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with such exceptions as are not material and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company and its subsidiaries. Section 4.13.Insurance. The Company and each of its subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as management of the Company believes to be prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and its subsidiaries are engaged. Neither the Company nor any such subsidiary has been refused any insurance coverage sought or applied for and neither the Company nor any such subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business at a cost that would not materially and adversely affect the condition, financial or otherwise, or the earnings, business or operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole. Section 4.14.Regulatory Permits. The Company and its subsidiaries possess all material certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses, and neither the Company nor any such subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such certificate, authorization or permit. Section 4.15.Internal Accounting Controls. The Company and each of its subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management's general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management's general or specific authorization and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. Section 4.16.No Material Adverse Breaches, etc. Except as set forth in the SEC Documents, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is subject to any charter, corporate or other legal restriction, or any judgment, decree, order, rule or regulation which in the judgment of the Company's officers has or is expected in the future to have a Material Adverse Effect on the business, properties, operations, financial condition, results of operations or prospects of the Company or its subsidiaries. Except as set forth in the SEC Documents, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in breach of any contract or agreement which breach, in the judgment of the Company's officers, has or is expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on the business, properties, operations, financial condition, results of operations or prospects of the Company or its subsidiaries. Section 4.17.Absence of Litigation. Except as set forth in the SEC Documents, there is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or by any court, public board, government agency, self-regulatory organization or body pending against or affecting the Company, the Common Stock or any of the Company's subsidiaries, wherein an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding would (i) have a Material Adverse Effect on the transactions contemplated hereby (ii) adversely affect the validity or enforceability of, or the authority or ability of the Company to perform its obligations under, this Agreement or any of the documents contemplated herein, or (iii) except as expressly disclosed in the SEC Documents, have a Material Adverse Effect on the business, operations, properties, financial condition or results of operation of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole. Section 4.18.Subsidiaries. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents, the Company does not presently own or control, directly or indirectly, any interest in any other corporation, partnership, association or other business entity. Section 4.19.Tax Status. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents, the Company and each of its subsidiaries has made or filed all federal and state income and all other tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject and (unless and only to the extent that the Company and each of its subsidiaries has set aside on its books provisions reasonably adequate for the payment of all unpaid and unreported taxes) has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations, except those being contested in good faith and has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company know of no basis for any such claim. Section 4.20.Certain Transactions. Except as set forth in the SEC Documents none of the officers, directors, or employees of the Company is presently a party to any transaction with the Company (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer, director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any corporation, partnership, trust or other entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee or partner. Section 4.21.Fees and Rights of First Refusal. The Company is not obligated to offer the securities offered hereunder on a right of first refusal basis or otherwise to any third parties including, but not limited to, current or former shareholders of the Company, underwriters, brokers, agents or other third parties. Section 4.22.Use of Proceeds. The Company shall use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, including, without limitation, the payment of loans incurred by the Company. However, in no event shall the Company use the net proceeds from this offering for the payment (or loan to any such person for the payment) of any judgment, or other liability, incurred by any executive officer, officer, director or employee of the Company, except for any liability owed to such person for services rendered, or if any judgment or other liability is incurred by such person originating from services rendered to the Company, or the Company has indemnified such person from liability. Section 4.23.Further Representation and Warranties of the Company. For so long as any securities issuable hereunder held by the Investor remain outstanding, the Company acknowledges, represents, warrants and agrees that it will maintain the listing of its Common Stock on the Principal Market. Section 4.24.Opinion of Counsel. Investor shall receive an opinion letter from counsel to the Company on the date hereof. Section 4.25.Opinion of Counsel. The Company will obtain for the Investor, at the Company's expense, any and all opinions of counsel which may be reasonably required in order to sell the securities issuable hereunder without restriction. Section 4.26.Dilution. The Company is aware and acknowledges that issuance of shares of the Company's Common Stock could cause dilution to existing shareholders and could significantly increase the outstanding number of shares of Common Stock. ARTICLE V. Indemnification The Investor and the Company represent to the other the following with respect to itself: Section 5.1. Indemnification. (a) In consideration of the Investor's execution and delivery of this Agreement, and in addition to all of the Company's other obligations under this Agreement, the Company shall defend, protect, indemnify and hold harmless the Investor, and all of its officers, directors, partners, employees and agents (including, without limitation, those retained in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement) (collectively, the "Investor Indemnitees") from and against any and all actions, causes of action, suits, claims, losses, costs, penalties, fees, liabilities and damages, and expenses in connection therewith (irrespective of whether any such Investor Indemnitee is a party to the action for which indemnification hereunder is sought), and including reasonable attorneys' fees and disbursements (the "Indemnified Liabilities"), incurred by the Investor Indemnitees or any of them as a result of, or arising out of, or relating to (a) any misrepresentation or breach of any representation or warranty made by the Company in this Agreement or the Registration Rights Agreement or any other certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby, (b) any breach of any covenant, agreement or obligation of the Company contained in this Agreement or the Registration Rights Agreement or any other certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby, or (c) any cause of action, suit or claim brought or made against such Investor Indemnitee not arising out of any action or inaction of an Investor Indemnitee, and arising out of or resulting from the execution, delivery, performance or enforcement of this Agreement or any other instrument, document or agreement executed pursuant hereto by any of the Investor Indemnitees. To the extent that the foregoing undertaking by the Company may be unenforceable for any reason, the Company shall make the maximum contribution to the payment and satisfaction of each of the Indemnified Liabilities, which is permissible under applicable law. (b) In consideration of the Company's execution and delivery of this Agreement, and in addition to all of the Investor's other obligations under this Agreement, the Investor shall defend, protect, indemnify and hold harmless the Company and all of its officers, directors, shareholders, employees and agents (including, without limitation, those retained in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement) (collectively, the "Company Indemnitees") from and against any and all Indemnified Liabilities incurred by the Company Indemnitees or any of them as a result of, or arising out of, or relating to (a) any misrepresentation or breach of any representation or warranty made by the Investor in this Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement, or any instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby executed by the Investor, (b) any breach of any covenant, agreement or obligation of the Investor(s) contained in this Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement or any other certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby executed by the Investor, or (c) any cause of action, suit or claim brought or made against such Company Indemnitee based on misrepresentations or due to a breach by the Investor and arising out of or resulting from the execution, delivery, performance or enforcement of this Agreement or any other instrument, document or agreement executed pursuant hereto by any of the Company Indemnitees. To the extent that the foregoing undertaking by the Investor may be unenforceable for any reason, the Investor shall make the maximum contribution to the payment and satisfaction of each of the Indemnified Liabilities, which is permissible under applicable law. (c) The obligations of the parties to indemnify or make contribution under this Section 5.1 shall survive termination. ARTICLE VI. Covenants of the Company Section 6.1. Registration Rights. The Company shall cause the Registration Rights Agreement to remain in full force and effect and the Company shall comply in all material respects with the terms thereof. Section 6.2. Listing of Common Stock. The Company shall maintain the Common Stock's authorization for listing on the American Stock Exchange,the OTC Bulletin Board, Nasdaq National Market, or the Nasdaq SmallCap Market . Section 6.3. Exchange Act Registration. The Company will cause its Common Stock to continue to be registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act, will file in a timely manner all reports and other documents required of it as a reporting company under the Exchange Act and will not take any action or file any document (whether or not permitted by Exchange Act or the rules thereunder) to terminate or suspend such registration or to terminate or suspend its reporting and filing obligations under said Exchange Act. Section 6.4. Transfer Agent Instructions. Upon effectiveness of the Registration Statement the Company shall deliver instructions to its transfer agent to issue shares of Common Stock to the Investor free of restrictive legends on or before each Advance Date Section 6.5. Corporate Existence. The Company will take all steps necessary to preserve and continue the corporate existence of the Company. Section 6.6. Notice of Certain Events Affecting Registration; Suspension of Right to Make an Advance. The Company will immediately notify the Investor upon its becoming aware of the occurrence of any of the following events in respect of a registration statement or related prospectus relating to an offering of Registrable Securities: (i) receipt of any request for additional information by the SEC or any other Federal or state governmental authority during the period of effectiveness of the Registration Statement for amendments or supplements to the registration statement or related prospectus; (ii) the issuance by the SEC or any other Federal or state governmental authority of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose; (iii) receipt of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification of any of the Registrable Securities for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; (iv) the happening of any event that makes any statement made in the Registration Statement or related prospectus of any document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference untrue in any material respect or that requires the making of any changes in the Registration Statement, related prospectus or documents so that, in the case of the Registration Statement, it will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and that in the case of the related prospectus, it will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and (v) the Company's reasonable determination that a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement would be appropriate; and the Company will promptly make available to the Investor any such supplement or amendment to the related prospectus. The Company shall not deliver to the Investor any Advance Notice during the continuation of any of the foregoing events. Section 6.7. Restriction on Sale of Capital Stock. During the Commitment Period, the Company shall not, without the prior written consent of the Investor, (i) issue or sell any Common Stock or Preferred Stock without consideration or for a consideration per share less than 20% of the bid price of the Common Stock determined immediately prior to its issuance, (excluding shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of options, warrants or conversion rights granted prior to the date hereof), (ii) issue or sell any Preferred Stock, warrant, option, right, contract, call, or other security or instrument granting the holder thereof the right to acquire Common Stock without consideration or for a consideration per share less than 20% of such Common Stock's Bid Price determined immediately prior to its issuance or (iii) file any registration statement on Form S-8 except to register up to 1,300,000 shares of the Common Stock to be issued under a stock incentive plan. Section 6.8. Consolidation; Merger. The Company shall not, at any time after the date hereof, effect any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into, or a transfer of all or substantially all the assets of the Company to another entity (a "Consolidation Event") unless the resulting successor or acquiring entity (if not the Company) assumes by written instrument the obligation to deliver to the Investor such shares of stock and/or securities as the Investor is entitled to receive pursuant to this Agreement. Section 6.9. Issuance of the Company's Common Stock. The sale of the shares of Common Stock shall be made in accordance with the provisions and requirements of Regulation D and any applicable state securities law. ARTICLE VII. Conditions for Advance and Conditions to Closing Section 7.1. Conditions Precedent to the Obligations of the Company. The obligation hereunder of the Company to issue and sell the shares of Common Stock to the Investor incident to each Closing is subject to the satisfaction, or waiver by the Company, at or before each such Closing, of each of the conditions set forth below. (a) Accuracy of the Investor's Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties of the Investor shall be true and correct in all material respects. (b) Performance by the Investor. The Investor shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all respects with all covenants, agreements and conditions required by this Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Investor at or prior to such Closing. Section 7.2. Conditions Precedent to the Right of the Company to Deliver an Advance Notice and the Obligation of the Investor to Purchase Shares of Common Stock. The right of the Company to deliver an Advance Notice and the obligation of the Investor hereunder to acquire and pay for shares of the Company's Common Stock incident to a Closing is subject to the fulfillment by the Company, on (i) the date of delivery of such Advance Notice and (ii) the applicable Advance Date (each a "Condition Satisfaction Date"), of each of the following conditions: (a) Registration of the Common Stock with the SEC. The Company shall have filed with the SEC a Registration Statement with respect to the resale of the Registrable Securities in accordance with the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement. As set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement, the Registration Statement shall have previously become effective and shall remain effective on each Condition Satisfaction Date and (i) neither the Company nor the Investor shall have received notice that the SEC has issued or intends to issue a stop order with respect to the Registration Statement or that the SEC otherwise has suspended or withdrawn the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, either temporarily or permanently, or intends or has threatened to do so (unless the SEC's concerns have been addressed and the Investor is reasonably satisfied that the SEC no longer is considering or intends to take such action), and (ii) no other suspension of the use or withdrawal of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or related prospectus shall exist. The Registration Statement must have been declared effective by the SEC prior to the first Advance Notice Date. (b) Authority. The Company shall have obtained all permits and qualifications required by any applicable state in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement for the offer and sale of the shares of Common Stock, or shall have the availability of exemptions therefrom. The sale and issuance of the shares of Common Stock shall be legally permitted by all laws and regulations to which the Company is subject. (c) Fundamental Changes. There shall not exist any fundamental changes to the information set forth in the Registration Statement which would require the Company to file a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement. (d) Performance by the Company. The Company shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with all covenants, agreements and conditions required by this Agreement (including, without limitation, the conditions specified in Section 2.5 hereof) and the Registration Rights Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Company at or prior to each Condition Satisfaction Date. (e) No Injunction. No statute, rule, regulation, executive order, decree, ruling or injunction shall have been enacted, entered, promulgated or endorsed by any court or governmental authority of competent jurisdiction that prohibits or directly and adversely affects any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and no proceeding shall have been commenced that may have the effect of prohibiting or adversely affecting any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. (f) No Suspension of Trading in or Delisting of Common Stock. The trading of the Common Stock is not suspended by the SEC or the Principal Market (if the Common Stock is traded on a Principal Market). The issuance of shares of Common Stock with respect to the applicable Closing, if any, shall not violate the shareholder approval requirements of the Principal Market (if the Common Stock is traded on a Principal Market). The Company shall not have received any notice threatening the continued listing of the Common Stock on the Principal Market (if the Common Stock is traded on a Principal Market). (g) Maximum Advance Amount. The amount of an Advance requested by the Company shall not exceed the Maximum Advance Amount. In addition, in no event shall the number of shares issuable to the Investor pursuant to an Advance cause the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Investor and its affiliates to exceed nine and 9/10 percent (9.9%) of the then outstanding Common Stock of the Company. For the purposes of this section beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act. (h) No Knowledge. The Company has no knowledge of any event which would be more likely than not to have the effect of causing such Registration Statement to be suspended or otherwise ineffective. (i) Other. On each Condition Satisfaction Date, the Investor shall have received the certificate executed by an officer of the Company in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto. ARTICLE VIII. Due Diligence Review; Non-Disclosure of Non-Public Information Section 8.1. Due Diligence Review. Prior to the filing of the Registration Statement the Company shall make available for inspection and review by the Investor, its advisors and representatives, and any underwriter participating in any disposition of the Registrable Securities on behalf of the Investor pursuant to the Registration Statement, any such registration statement or amendment or supplement thereto or any blue sky, NASD or other filing, all financial and other records, all SEC Documents and other filings with the SEC, and all other corporate documents and properties of the Company as may be reasonably necessary for the purpose of such review, and cause the Company's officers, directors and employees to supply all such information reasonably requested by the Investor or any such representative, advisor or underwriter in connection with such Registration Statement (including, without limitation, in response to all questions and other inquiries reasonably made or submitted by any of them), prior to and from time to time after the filing and effectiveness of the Registration Statement for the sole purpose of enabling the Investor and such representatives, advisors and underwriters and their respective accountants and attorneys to conduct initial and ongoing due diligence with respect to the Company and the accuracy of the Registration Statement. Section 8.2. Non-Disclosure of Non-Public Information. (a) The Company shall not disclose non-public information to the Investor, its advisors, or its representatives, unless prior to disclosure of such information the Company identifies such information as being non-public information and provides the Investor, such advisors and representatives with the opportunity to accept or refuse to accept such non-public information for review. The Company may, as a condition to disclosing any non-public information hereunder, require the Investor's advisors and representatives to enter into a confidentiality agreement in form reasonably satisfactory to the Company and the Investor. (b) Nothing herein shall require the Company to disclose non-public information to the Investor or its advisors or representatives, and the Company represents that it does not disseminate non-public information to any investors who purchase stock in the Company in a public offering, to money managers or to securities analysts, except under confidentiality agreements, provided, however, that notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Company will, as hereinabove provided, immediately notify the advisors and representatives of the Investor and, if any, underwriters, of any event or the existence of any circumstance (without any obligation to disclose the specific event or circumstance) of which it becomes aware, constituting non-public information (whether or not requested of the Company specifically or generally during the course of due diligence by such persons or entities), which, if not disclosed in the prospectus included in the Registration Statement would cause such prospectus to include a material misstatement or to omit a material fact required to be stated therein in order to make the statements, therein, in light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading. Nothing contained in this Section 8.2 shall be construed to mean that such persons or entities other than the Investor (without the written consent of the Investor prior to disclosure of such information) may not obtain non-public information in the course of conducting due diligence in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and nothing herein shall prevent any such persons or entities from notifying the Company of their opinion that based on such due diligence by such persons or entities, that the Registration Statement contains an untrue statement of material fact or omits a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement or necessary to make the statements contained therein, in light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading. ARTICLE IX. Choice of Law/Jurisdiction Section 9.1. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of New Jersey without regard to the principles of conflict of laws. The parties further agree that any action between them shall be heard in Hudson County, New Jersey, and expressly consent to the jurisdiction and venue of the Superior Court of New Jersey, sitting in Hudson County, New Jersey and the United States District Court of New Jersey, sitting in Newark, New Jersey, for the adjudication of any civil action asserted pursuant to this paragraph. ARTICLE X. Assignment; Termination Section 10.1.Assignment. Neither this Agreement nor any rights of the Company hereunder may be assigned to any other Person except in connection with a merger of the Company or sale of all or substantially all of the stock or assets of the Company. Section 10.2.Termination. (a) The obligations of the Investor to make Advances under Article II hereof shall terminate twenty-four (24) months after the Effective Date. (b) The Company may terminate this Agreement upon thirty (30) days written notice to the Investor provided that (i) there are no Advances outstanding, and (ii) The Company has paid all amounts owed to the Buyers pursuant to this Agreement or any other agreements between the Company and the Buyers. Any termination of this Agreement pursuant to this Section 10.2 (b) shall not terminate the Registration Rights Agreement unless the Investor has disposed of all the Investor Shares (as defined below) and all shares issued to the Investor pursuant to Advances, or all such shares are eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144(k). ARTICLE XI. Notices Section 11.1.Notices. Any notices, consents, waivers, or other communications required or permitted to be given under the terms of this Agreement must be in writing and will be deemed to have been delivered (i) upon receipt, when delivered personally; (ii) upon receipt, when sent by facsimile, provided a copy is mailed by U.S. certified mail, return receipt requested; (iii) three (3) days after being sent by U.S. certified mail, return receipt requested, or (iv) one (1) day after deposit with a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, in each case properly addressed to the party to receive the same. The addresses and facsimile numbers for such communications shall be: If to the Company, to: Access Pharmaceuticals, inc. 2600 Stemmons Freeway, Suite 176 Dallas, TX 75207 Attention: Kerry P. Gray Telephone: (214) 905-5100 Facsimile: (214) 905-5101 With a copy to: Bingham McCutchen LLP 150 Federal Street Boston, MA 02110-1726 Attention: John J. Concannon, Esq. Telephone: (617) 951-8874 Facsimile: (617) 951-8736 If to the Investor(s): Cornell Capital Partners, LP 101 Hudson Street - Suite 3700 Jersey City, NJ 07302 Attention: Mark Angelo Portfolio Manager Telephone: (201) 985-8300 Facsimile: (201) 985-8266 With a Copy to: Troy Rillo, Esq. 101 Hudson Street - Suite 3700 Jersey City, NJ 07302 Telephone: (201) 985-8300 Facsimile: (201) 985-8266 Each party shall provide five (5) days - prior written notice to the other party of any change in address or facsimile number. ARTICLE XII. Miscellaneous Section 12.1.Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more identical counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party. In the event any signature page is delivered by facsimile transmission, the party using such means of delivery shall cause four (4) additional original executed signature pages to be physically delivered to the other party within five (5) days of the execution and delivery hereof, though failure to deliver such copies shall not affect the validity of this Agreement. Section 12.2.Entire Agreement; Amendments. This Agreement supersedes all other prior oral or written agreements between the Investor, the Company, their affiliates and persons acting on their behalf with respect to the matters discussed herein, and this Agreement and the instruments referenced herein contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the matters covered herein and therein and, except as specifically set forth herein or therein, neither the Company nor the Investor makes any representation, warranty, covenant or undertaking with respect to such matters. No provision of this Agreement may be waived or amended other than by an instrument in writing signed by the party to be charged with enforcement. Section 12.3.Reporting Entity for the Common Stock. The reporting entity relied upon for the determination of the trading price or trading volume of the Common Stock on any given Trading Day for the purposes of this Agreement shall be Bloomberg, L.P. or any successor thereto. The written mutual consent of the Investor and the Company shall be required to employ any other reporting entity. Section 12.4.Fees and Expenses. The Company hereby agrees to pay the following fees: (a) Structuring Fees. Each of the parties shall pay its own fees and expenses (including the fees of any attorneys, accountants, appraisers or others engaged by such party) in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, except that the Company shall pay a structuring fee of Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000) to Yorkville Advisors Management, LLC, which was paid on February 28, 2005. Subsequently on each advance date, the Company will pay Yorkville Advisors Management, LLC a structuring fee of Five Hundred Dollars ($500) directly out the proceeds of any Advances hereunder. (b) Due Diligence Fee. Company shall pay the Investor a non-refundable due diligence fee of Two Thousand Five Hundred Dollars ($2,500) which was paid on February 28, 2005. (c) Commitment Fees. (i) On each Advance Date the Company shall pay to the Investor, directly from the gross proceeds held in escrow, an amount equal to three and one half percent (3.5%) of the amount of each Advance. The Company hereby agrees that if such payment, as is described above, is not made by the Company on the Advance Date, such payment will be made at the direction of the Investor as outlined and mandated by Section 2.3 of this Agreement. (ii) The Company shall issue to the Investor one hundred forty six thousand five hundred (146,500) shares of the Common Stock upon the execution of this Agreement, and fifty thousand (50,000) shares of Common Stock within ten (10) business days of the date that the Company exceeds $10,000,000 in aggregate Advances (collectively, the "Investor's Shares"). (iii) Fully Earned. The Investor's Shares shall be deemed fully earned as of the date hereof. (iv) Registration Rights. The Investor's Shares will have "piggy-back" registration rights. Section 12.5.Brokerage. Each of the parties hereto represents that it has had no dealings in connection with this transaction with any finder or broker who will demand payment of any fee or commission from the other party. The Company on the one hand, and the Investor, on the other hand, agree to indemnify the other against and hold the other harmless from any and all liabilities to any person claiming brokerage commissions or finder's fees on account of services purported to have been rendered on behalf of the indemnifying party in connection with this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby. Section 12.6.Confidentiality. If for any reason the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are not consummated, each of the parties hereto shall keep confidential any information obtained from any other party (except information publicly available or in such party's domain prior to the date hereof, and except as required by court order) and shall promptly return to the other parties all schedules, documents, instruments, work papers or other written information without retaining copies thereof, previously furnished by it as a result of this Agreement or in connection herein. [REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Standby Equity Distribution Agreement to be executed by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, as of the date first set forth above. COMPANY: ACCESS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. By: /s/ Kerry P. Gray Name: Kerry P. Gray Title: President and Chief Executive Officer INVESTOR: CORNELL CAPITAL PARTNERS, LP By: Yorkville Advisors, LLC Its: General Partner By: /s/ Mark Angelo Name: Mark Angelo Title: Portfolio Manager EX-10.28 7 r10q-576.txt SECURED PURCHASE AGREEMENT Exhibit 10.28 SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT THIS SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT (this "Agreement"), dated as of March 30, 2005, by and among ACCESS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), and the Buyers listed on Schedule I attached hereto (individually, a "Buyer" or collectively "Buyers"). WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, the Company and the Buyer(s) are executing and delivering this Agreement in reliance upon an exemption from securities registration pursuant to Section 4(2) and/or Rule 506 of Regulation D ("Regulation D") as promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"); WHEREAS, the parties desire that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein, the Company shall issue and sell to the Buyer(s), as provided herein, and the Buyer(s) shall purchase up to Two Million Six Hundred Thirty Three Thousand Dollars ($2,633,000) of secured convertible debentures (the "Convertible Debentures"), which shall be convertible into shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.01 (the "Common Stock") (as converted, the "Conversion Shares") which shall be funded on the fifth (5th) business day following the date hereof (the "Closing"), for a total purchase price of Two Million Six Hundred Thirty Three Thousand Dollars ($2,633,000), (the "Purchase Price") in the respective amounts set forth opposite each Buyer(s) name on Schedule I (the "Subscription Amount"); and WHEREAS, contemporaneously with the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the parties hereto are executing and delivering a Registration Rights Agreement substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the "Investor Registration Rights Agreement") pursuant to which the Company has agreed to provide certain registration rights under the Securities Act and the rules and regulations promulgated there under, and applicable state securities laws; and WHEREAS, the aggregate proceeds of the sale of the Convertible Debentures contemplated hereby shall be held in escrow pursuant to the terms of an escrow agreement substantially in the form of the Escrow Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit B. WHEREAS contemporaneously with the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the parties hereto are executing and delivering a security agreements substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit C (the "Security Agreement") pursuant to which the Company has agreed to provide the Buyer a security interest in Pledged Collateral (as this term is defined in the Security Agreement and the Subsidiary Security Agreements), subject to a security interest on certain specific equipment granted to Agilent Financial Services, Inc., to secure the Company's obligations under this Agreement, the Convertible Debenture, the Investor Registration Rights Agreement, the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions, the Security Agreement, the Pledge and Escrow Agreement or any other obligations of the Company to the Buyer; WHEREAS, contemporaneously with the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the parties hereto are executing and delivering a Pledge and Escrow Agreement substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit D (the "Pledge and Escrow Agreement") pursuant to which the Company has agreed to provide the Buyer a security interest in the Pledged Shares (as this term is defined in the Pledge and Escrow Agreement) to secure the Company's obligations under this Agreement, the Convertible Debenture, the Investor Registration Rights Agreement, the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions, the Security Agreement, the Pledge and Escrow Agreement or any other obligations of the Company to the Buyer; and WHEREAS, contemporaneously with the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the parties hereto are executing and delivering Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit E (the "Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions") NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and other agreements contained in this Agreement the Company and the Buyer(s) hereby agree as follows: 1. PURCHASE AND SALE OF CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES. (a) Purchase of Convertible Debentures. Subject to the satisfaction (or waiver) of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, each Buyer agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase at Closing (as defined herein below) and the Company agrees to sell and issue to each Buyer, severally and not jointly, at Closing, Convertible Debentures in amounts corresponding with the Subscription Amount set forth opposite each Buyer's name on Schedule I hereto. Upon execution hereof by a Buyer, the Buyer shall wire transfer the Subscription Amount set forth opposite his name on Schedule I in same- day funds or a check payable to "David Gonzalez, Esq., as Escrow Agent for Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc./Cornell Capital Partners, LP", which Subscription Amount shall be held in escrow pursuant to the terms of the Escrow Agreement (as hereinafter defined) and disbursed in accordance therewith. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Buyer may withdraw his Subscription Amount and terminate this Agreement as to such Buyer at any time after the execution hereof and prior to Closing (as hereinafter defined). (b) Closing Date. The Closing of the purchase and sale of the Convertible Debentures shall take place at 10:00 a.m. Eastern Standard Time on the fifth (5th) business day following the date hereof, subject to notification of satisfaction of the conditions to the First Closing set forth herein and in Sections 6 and 7 below (or such later date as is mutually agreed to by the Company and the Buyer(s)) (the "Closing Date"). The Closing shall occur on the Closing Date at the offices of Yorkville Advisors, LLC, 3700 Hudson Street, Suite 3700, Jersey City, New Jersey 07302 (or such other place as is mutually agreed to by the Company and the Buyer(s)). (c) Escrow Arrangements; Form of Payment. Upon execution hereof by Buyer(s) and pending the Closings, the aggregate proceeds of the sale of the Convertible Debentures to Buyer(s) pursuant hereto shall be deposited in a non-interest bearing escrow account with David Gonzalez, Esq., as escrow agent (the "Escrow Agent"), pursuant to the terms of an escrow agreement between the Company, the Buyer(s) and the Escrow Agent in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B (the "Escrow Agreement"). Subject to the satisfaction of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, on the Closing Date, (i) the Escrow Agent shall deliver to the Company in accordance with the terms of the Escrow Agreement such aggregate proceeds for the Convertible Debentures to be issued and sold to such Buyer(s), minus the unpaid structuring fees and expenses of Yorkville Advisors Management, LLC of Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000) which shall be paid directly from the gross proceeds held in escrow of the Closing and (ii) the Company shall deliver to each Buyer, Convertible Debentures which such Buyer(s) is purchasing in amounts indicated opposite such Buyer's name on Schedule I, duly executed on behalf of the Company. 2. BUYER'S REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES. Each Buyer represents and warrants, severally and not jointly, that: (a) Investment Purpose. Each Buyer is acquiring the Convertible Debentures and, upon conversion of Convertible Debentures, the Buyer will acquire the Conversion Shares then issuable, for its own account for investment only and not with a view towards, or for resale in connection with, the public sale or distribution thereof, except pursuant to sales registered or exempted under the Securities Act; provided, however, that by making the representations herein, such Buyer reserves the right to dispose of the Conversion Shares at any time in accordance with or pursuant to an effective registration statement covering such Conversion Shares or an available exemption under the Securities Act. (b) Accredited Investor Status. Each Buyer is an "Accredited Investor" as that term is defined in Rule 501(a)(3) of Regulation D. (c) Reliance on Exemptions. Each Buyer understands that the Convertible Debentures are being offered and sold to it in reliance on specific exemptions from the registration requirements of United States federal and state securities laws and that the Company is relying in part upon the truth and accuracy of, and such Buyer's compliance with, the representations, warranties, agreements, acknowledgments and understandings of such Buyer set forth herein in order to determine the availability of such exemptions and the eligibility of such Buyer to acquire such securities. (d) Information. Each Buyer and its advisors (and his or, its counsel), if any, have been furnished with all materials relating to the business, finances and operations of the Company and information he deemed material to making an informed investment decision regarding his purchase of the Convertible Debentures and the Conversion Shares, which have been requested by such Buyer. Each Buyer and its advisors, if any, have been afforded the opportunity to ask questions of the Company and its management. Neither such inquiries nor any other due diligence investigations conducted by such Buyer or its advisors, if any, or its representatives shall modify, amend or affect such Buyer's right to rely on the Company's representations and warranties contained in Section 3 below. Each Buyer understands that its investment in the Convertible Debentures and the Conversion Shares involves a high degree of risk. Each Buyer is in a position regarding the Company, which, based upon employment, family relationship or economic bargaining power, enabled and enables such Buyer to obtain information from the Company in order to evaluate the merits and risks of this investment. Each Buyer has sought such accounting, legal and tax advice, as it has considered necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to its acquisition of the Convertible Debentures and the Conversion Shares. (e) No Governmental Review. Each Buyer understands that no United States federal or state agency or any other government or governmental agency has passed on or made any recommendation or endorsement of the Convertible Debentures or the Conversion Shares, or the fairness or suitability of the investment in the Convertible Debentures or the Conversion Shares, nor have such authorities passed upon or endorsed the merits of the offering of the Convertible Debentures or the Conversion Shares. (f) Transfer or Resale. Each Buyer understands that except as provided in the Investor Registration Rights Agreement: (i) the Convertible Debentures have not been and are not being registered under the Securities Act or any state securities laws, and may not be offered for sale, sold, assigned or transferred unless (A) subsequently registered thereunder, or (B) such Buyer shall have delivered to the Company an opinion of counsel, in a generally acceptable form, to the effect that such securities to be sold, assigned or transferred may be sold, assigned or transferred pursuant to an exemption from such registration requirements; (ii) any sale of such securities made in reliance on Rule 144 under the Securities Act (or a successor rule thereto) ("Rule 144") may be made only in accordance with the terms of Rule 144 and further, if Rule 144 is not applicable, any resale of such securities under circumstances in which the seller (or the person through whom the sale is made) may be deemed to be an underwriter (as that term is defined in the Securities Act) may require compliance with some other exemption under the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder; and (iii) neither the Company nor any other person is under any obligation to register such securities under the Securities Act or any state securities laws or to comply with the terms and conditions of any exemption thereunder. The Company reserves the right to place stop transfer instructions against the shares and certificates for the Conversion Shares. (g) Legends. Each Buyer understands that the certificates or other instruments representing the Convertible Debentures and or the Conversion Shares shall bear a restrictive legend in substantially the following form (and a stop transfer order may be placed against transfer of such stock certificates): THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THE SECURITIES HAVE BEEN ACQUIRED SOLELY FOR INVESTMENT PURPOSES AND NOT WITH A VIEW TOWARD RESALE AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED FOR SALE, SOLD, TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED IN THE ABSENCE OF AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FOR THE SECURITIES UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS, OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL, IN A GENERALLY ACCEPTABLE FORM, THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER SAID ACT OR APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. The legend set forth above shall be removed and the Company within two (2) business days shall issue a certificate without such legend to the holder of the Conversion Shares upon which it is stamped, if, unless otherwise required by state securities laws, (i) in connection with a sale transaction, provided the Conversion Shares are registered under the Securities Act or (ii) in connection with a sale transaction, after such holder provides the Company with an opinion of counsel, which opinion shall be in form, substance and scope customary for opinions of counsel in comparable transactions, to the effect that a public sale, assignment or transfer of the Conversion Shares may be made without registration under the Securities Act. (h) Authorization, Enforcement. This Agreement has been duly and validly authorized, executed and delivered on behalf of such Buyer and is a valid and binding agreement of such Buyer enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by general principles of equity or applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, liquidation and other similar laws relating to, or affecting generally, the enforcement of applicable creditors' rights and remedies. (i) Receipt of Documents. Each Buyer and his or its counsel has received and read in their entirety: (i) this Agreement and each representation, warranty and covenant set forth herein, the Security Agreement, the Investor Registration Rights Agreement, the Escrow Agreement, the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Agreement, and the Pledge and Escrow Agreement; (ii) all due diligence and other information necessary to verify the accuracy and completeness of such representations, warranties and covenants; (iii) the Company's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003; (iv) the Company's Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2004 and (v) answers to all questions each Buyer submitted to the Company regarding an investment in the Company; and each Buyer has relied on the information contained therein and has not been furnished any other documents, literature, memorandum or prospectus. (j) Due Formation of Corporate and Other Buyers. If the Buyer(s) is a corporation, trust, partnership or other entity that is not an individual person, it has been formed and validly exists and has not been organized for the specific purpose of purchasing the Convertible Debentures and is not prohibited from doing so. (k) No Legal Advice From the Company. Each Buyer acknowledges, that it had the opportunity to review this Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement with his or its own legal counsel and investment and tax advisors. Each Buyer is relying solely on such counsel and advisors and not on any statements or representations of the Company or any of its representatives or agents for legal, tax or investment advice with respect to this investment, the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the securities laws of any jurisdiction. 3. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY. The Company represents and warrants to each of the Buyers that, except as set forth in the SEC Documents (as defined herein): (a) Organization and Qualification. The Company and its subsidiaries are corporations duly organized and validly existing in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction in which they are incorporated, and have the requisite corporate power to own their properties and to carry on their business as now being conducted. Each of the Company and its subsidiaries is duly qualified as a foreign corporation to do business and is in good standing in every jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted by it makes such qualification necessary, except to the extent that the failure to be so qualified or be in good standing would not have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole. (b) Authorization, Enforcement, Compliance with Other Instruments. (i) The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and perform this Agreement, the Security Agreement, the Investor Registration Rights Agreement, the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Agreement, the Escrow Agreement, the Pledge and Escrow Agreement, and any related agreements (collectively the "Transaction Documents") and to issue the Convertible Debentures and the Conversion Shares in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, (ii) the execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, including, without limitation, the issuance of the Convertible Debentures the Conversion Shares and the reservation for issuance and the issuance of the Conversion Shares issuable upon conversion or exercise thereof, have been duly authorized by the Company's Board of Directors and no further consent or authorization is required by the Company, its Board of Directors or its stockholders, (iii) the Transaction Documents have been duly executed and delivered by the Company, (iv) the Transaction Documents constitute the valid and binding obligations of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by general principles of equity or applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, liquidation or similar laws relating to, or affecting generally, the enforcement of creditors' rights and remedies. The authorized officer of the Company executing the Transaction Documents knows of no reason why the Company cannot file the registration statement as required under the Investor Registration Rights Agreement or perform any of the Company's other obligations under such documents. (c) Capitalization. As of the date hereof the authorized capital stock of the Company consists of 50,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share and 2,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock of which 15,536,299 shares of Common Stock and zero shares of Preferred Stock are issued and outstanding. All of such outstanding shares have been validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents (as defined in Section 3(f)), no shares of Common Stock are subject to preemptive rights or any other similar rights or any liens or encumbrances suffered or permitted by the Company. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents, as of the date of this Agreement, (i) there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, any shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may become bound to issue additional shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, any shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (ii) there are no outstanding debt securities and (iii) there are no agreements or arrangements under which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is obligated to register the sale of any of their securities under the Securities Act (except pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement and other resale registration statement requirements relating to currently outstanding or issuable securities described in the SEC Documents) and (iv) there are no outstanding registration statements (other than resale registration statements relating to currently outstanding or issuable securities described in the SEC Documents) and there are no outstanding comment letters from the SEC or any other regulatory agency. There are no securities or instruments containing anti- dilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by the issuance of the Convertible Debentures as described in this Agreement. The Company has furnished to the Buyer true and correct copies of the Company's Articles of Incorporation, as amended and as in effect on the date hereof (the "Articles of Incorporation"), and the Company's By-laws, as in effect on the date hereof (the "By-laws"), and the terms of all securities convertible into or exercisable for Common Stock and the material rights of the holders thereof in respect thereto other than stock options issued to employees and consultants or other securities described in the SEC Documents. (d) Issuance of Securities. The Convertible Debentures are duly authorized and, upon issuance in accordance with the terms hereof, shall be duly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, are free from all taxes, liens and charges with respect to the issue thereof. The Conversion Shares issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Debentures have been duly authorized and reserved for issuance. Upon conversion or exercise in accordance with the Convertible Debentures the Conversion Shares will be duly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. (e) No Conflicts. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents, the execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby will not (i) result in a violation of the Certificate of Incorporation, any certificate of designations of any outstanding series of preferred stock of the Company or the By-laws or (ii) conflict with or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture or instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party, or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree (including federal and state securities laws and regulations and the rules and regulations of The American Stock Exchange on which the Common Stock is traded) applicable to the Company or any of its subsidiaries or by which any property or asset of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is bound or affected. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents, neither the Company nor its subsidiaries is in violation of any term of or in default under its Articles of Incorporation or By-laws or their organizational charter or by-laws, respectively, or any material contract, agreement, mortgage, indebtedness, indenture, instrument, judgment, decree or order or any statute, rule or regulation applicable to the Company or its subsidiaries. The business of the Company and its subsidiaries is not being conducted, and shall not be conducted in violation of any material law, ordinance, or regulation of any governmental entity. Except as specifically contemplated by this Agreement and as required under the Securities Act and any applicable state securities laws, the Company is not required to obtain any consent, authorization or order of, or make any filing or registration with, any court or governmental agency in order for it to execute, deliver or perform any of its obligations under or contemplated by this Agreement or the Registration Rights Agreement in accordance with the terms hereof or thereof. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents, all consents, authorizations, orders, filings and registrations which the Company is required to obtain pursuant to the preceding sentence have been obtained or effected on or prior to the date hereof. The Company and its subsidiaries are unaware of any facts or circumstance, which might give rise to any of the foregoing. (f) SEC Documents: Financial Statements. Since January 1, 2002, the Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by it with the SEC under of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") (all of the foregoing filed prior to the date hereof or amended after the date hereof and all exhibits included therein and financial statements and schedules thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, being hereinafter referred to as the "SEC Documents"). The Company has delivered to the Buyers or their representatives, or made available through the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov., true and complete copies of the SEC Documents. As of their respective dates, the financial statements of the Company disclosed in the SEC Documents (the "Financial Statements") complied as to form in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied, during the periods involved (except (i) as may be otherwise indicated in such Financial Statements or the notes thereto, or (ii) in the case of unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may exclude footnotes or may be condensed or summary statements) and, fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company as of the dates thereof and the results of its operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal year-end audit adjustments). No other document provided by or on behalf of the Company to the Buyer which is not included in the SEC Documents, including, without limitation, information referred to in this Agreement, contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. (g) 10(b)-5. The SEC Documents do not include any untrue statements of material fact, nor do they omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. (h) Absence of Litigation. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents, there is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or by any court, public board, government agency, self-regulatory organization or body pending against or affecting the Company, the Common Stock or any of the Company's subsidiaries, wherein an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding would (i) have a material adverse effect on the transactions contemplated hereby (ii) adversely affect the validity or enforceability of, or the authority or ability of the Company to perform its obligations under, this Agreement or any of the documents contemplated herein, or (iii) except as expressly disclosed in the SEC Documents, have a material adverse effect on the business, operations, properties, financial condition or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole. (i) Acknowledgment Regarding Buyer's Purchase of the Convertible Debentures. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Buyer(s) is acting solely in the capacity of an arm's length purchaser with respect to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby. The Company further acknowledges that the Buyer(s) is not acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity) with respect to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and any advice given by the Buyer(s) or any of their respective representatives or agents in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby is merely incidental to such Buyer's purchase of the Convertible Debentures or the Conversion Shares. The Company further represents to the Buyer that the Company's decision to enter into this Agreement has been based solely on the independent evaluation by the Company and its representatives. (j) No General Solicitation. Neither the Company, nor any of its affiliates, nor any person acting on its or their behalf, has engaged in any form of general solicitation or general advertising (within the meaning of Regulation D under the Securities Act) in connection with the offer or sale of the Convertible Debentures or the Conversion Shares. (k) No Integrated Offering. Neither the Company, nor any of its affiliates, nor any person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would require registration of the Convertible Debentures or the Conversion Shares under the Securities Act or cause this offering of the Convertible Debentures or the Conversion Shares to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of the Securities Act. (l) Employee Relations. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is involved in any labor dispute nor, to the knowledge of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, is any such dispute threatened. None of the Company's or its subsidiaries' employees is a member of a union and the Company and its subsidiaries believe that their relations with their employees are good. (m) Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its subsidiaries own or possess adequate rights or licenses to use all trademarks, trade names, service marks, service mark registrations, service names, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, approvals, governmental authorizations, trade secrets and rights necessary to conduct their respective businesses as now conducted. The Company and its subsidiaries do not have any knowledge of any infringement by the Company or its subsidiaries of trademark, trade name rights, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, service names, service marks, service mark registrations, trade secret or other similar rights of others, and, to the knowledge of the Company there is no claim, action or proceeding being made or brought against, or to the Company's knowledge, being threatened against, the Company or its subsidiaries regarding trademark, trade name, patents, patent rights, invention, copyright, license, service names, service marks, service mark registrations, trade secret or other infringement; and the Company and its subsidiaries are unaware of any facts or circumstances which might give rise to any of the foregoing. (n) Environmental Laws. The Company and its subsidiaries are (i) in compliance with any and all applicable foreign, federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of human health and safety, the environment or hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants "Environmental Laws"), (ii) have received all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses and (iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval. (o) Title. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and its subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with such exceptions as are not material and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company and its subsidiaries. (p) Insurance. The Company and each of its subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as management of the Company believes to be prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and its subsidiaries are engaged. Neither the Company nor any such subsidiary has been refused any insurance coverage sought or applied for and neither the Company nor any such subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business at a cost that would not materially and adversely affect the condition, financial or otherwise, or the earnings, business or operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole. (q) Regulatory Permits. The Company and its subsidiaries possess all material certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses, and neither the Company nor any such subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such certificate, authorization or permit. (r) Internal Accounting Controls. The Company and each of its subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management's general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain asset accountability, and (iii) the recorded amounts for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. (s) No Material Adverse Breaches, etc. Except as set forth in the SEC Documents, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is subject to any charter, corporate or other legal restriction, or any judgment, decree, order, rule or regulation which in the judgment of the Company's officers has or is expected in the future to have a material adverse effect on the business, properties, operations, financial condition, results of operations or prospects of the Company or its subsidiaries. Except as set forth in the SEC Documents, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in breach of any contract or agreement which breach, in the judgment of the Company's officers, has or is expected to have a material adverse effect on the business, properties, operations, financial condition, results of operations or prospects of the Company or its subsidiaries. (t) Tax Status. Except as set forth in the SEC Documents, the Company and each of its subsidiaries has made and filed all federal and state income and all other tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject and (unless and only to the extent that the Company and each of its subsidiaries has set aside on its books provisions reasonably adequate for the payment of all unpaid and unreported taxes) has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations, except those being contested in good faith and has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company know of no basis for any such claim. (u) Certain Transactions. Except as set forth in the SEC Documents, and except for arm's length transactions pursuant to which the Company makes payments in the ordinary course of business upon terms no less favorable than the Company could obtain from third parties and other than the grant of stock options disclosed in the SEC Documents, none of the officers, directors, or employees of the Company is presently a party to any transaction with the Company (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer, director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any corporation, partnership, trust or other entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee or partner. (v) Fees and Rights of First Refusal. The Company is not obligated to offer the securities offered hereunder on a right of first refusal basis or otherwise to any third parties including, but not limited to, current or former shareholders of the Company, underwriters, brokers, agents or other third parties. 4. COVENANTS. (a) Best Efforts. Each party shall use its best efforts timely to satisfy each of the conditions to be satisfied by it as provided in Sections 6 and 7 of this Agreement. (b) Form D. The Company agrees to file a Form D with respect to the Conversion Shares as required under Regulation D and to provide a copy thereof to each Buyer promptly after such filing. The Company shall, on or before the Closing Date, take such action as the Company shall reasonably determine is necessary to qualify the Conversion Shares, or obtain an exemption for the Conversion Shares for sale to the Buyers at the Closing pursuant to this Agreement under applicable securities or "Blue Sky" laws of the states of the United States, and shall provide evidence of any such action so taken to the Buyers on or prior to the Closing Date. (c) Reporting Status. Until the earlier of (i) the date as of which the Buyer(s) may sell all of the Conversion Shares without restriction pursuant to Rule 144(k) promulgated under the Securities Act (or successor thereto), or (ii) the date on which (A) the Buyer(s) shall have sold all the Conversion Shares and (B) none of the Convertible Debentures are outstanding (the "Registration Period"), the Company shall file in a timely manner all reports required to be filed with the SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act and the regulations of the SEC thereunder, and the Company shall not terminate its status as an issuer required to file reports under the Exchange Act even if the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder would otherwise permit such termination. (d) Use of Proceeds. The Company will use the proceeds from the sale of the Convertible Debentures for general corporate and working capital purposes. (e) Reservation of Shares. The Company shall take all action reasonably necessary to at all times have authorized, and reserved for the purpose of issuance, such number of shares of Common Stock as shall be necessary to effect the issuance of the Conversion Shares. If at any time the Company does not have available such shares of Common Stock as shall from time to time be sufficient to effect the conversion of all of the Conversion Shares of the Company shall call and hold a special meeting of the shareholders within sixty (60) days of such occurrence, for the sole purpose of increasing the number of shares authorized. The Company's management shall recommend to the shareholders to vote in favor of increasing the number of shares of Common Stock authorized. Management shall also vote all of its shares in favor of increasing the number of authorized shares of Common Stock. (f) Listings or Quotation. The Company shall promptly secure the listing or quotation of the Conversion Shares upon each national securities exchange, automated quotation system or The National Association of Securities Dealers Inc.'s Over-The-Counter Bulletin Board ("OTCBB"), the American Stock Exchange, or other market, if any, upon which shares of Common Stock are then listed or quoted (subject to official notice of issuance) and shall use its best efforts to maintain, so long as any other shares of Common Stock shall be so listed, such listing of all Conversion Shares from time to time issuable under the terms of this Agreement. (g) Fees and Expenses. Each of the Company and the Buyer(s) shall pay all costs and expenses incurred by such party in connection with the negotiation, investigation, preparation, execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents. The Company shall pay Yorkville Advisors Management LLC a fee equal to ten percent (10%) of the Purchase Price. (h) The Company shall pay a structuring fee to Yorkville Advisors Management, LLC of Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000) which shall be paid directly from the proceeds of the Closing. The Company shall pay the Buyers a non-refundable due diligence fee of Two Thousand Five Hundred Dollars ($2,500) which was paid on February 28, 2005. Upon the execution of this Agreement, the Company shall issue to the Buyer(s) Fifty Thousand (50,000) shares of the Company's Common Stock (the "Buyer's Shares") The Buyer's Shares shall have "piggy-back" and demand registration rights. (i) Corporate Existence. So long as any of the Convertible Debentures remain outstanding, the Company shall not directly or indirectly consummate any merger, reorganization, restructuring, reverse stock split consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of the Company's assets or any similar transaction or related transactions (each such transaction, an "Organizational Change") unless, prior to the consummation of an Organizational Change, the Company obtains the written consent of each Buyer or makes provision for the repayment of the Convertible Debentures, as part of such Organizational Change. In any such case, the Company will make appropriate provision with respect to such holders' rights and interests to insure that the provisions of this Section 4(h) will thereafter be applicable to the Convertible Debentures. (j) Transactions With Affiliates. So long as any Convertible Debentures are outstanding, the Company shall not, and shall cause each of its subsidiaries not to, enter into, amend, modify or supplement, or permit any subsidiary to enter into, amend, modify or supplement any agreement, transaction, commitment, or arrangement with any of its or any subsidiary's officers, directors, person who were officers or directors at any time during the previous two (2) years, stockholders who beneficially own five percent (5%) or more of the Common Stock, or Affiliates (as defined below) or with any individual related by blood, marriage, or adoption to any such individual or with any entity in which any such entity or individual owns a five percent (5%) or more beneficial interest (each a "Related Party"), except for (a) customary employment arrangements and benefit programs on reasonable terms, (b) any investment in an Affiliate of the Company, (c) any agreement, transaction, commitment, or arrangement on an arms-length basis on terms no less favorable than terms which would have been obtainable from a person other than such Related Party, (d) any agreement transaction, commitment, or arrangement which is approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, for purposes hereof, any director who is also an officer of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company shall not be a disinterested director with respect to any such agreement, transaction, commitment, or arrangement. "Affiliate" for purposes hereof means, with respect to any person or entity, another person or entity that, directly or indirectly, (i) has a ten percent (10%) or more equity interest in that person or entity, (ii) has ten percent (10%) or more common ownership with that person or entity, (iii) controls that person or entity, or (iv) shares common control with that person or entity. "Control" or "controls" for purposes hereof means that a person or entity has the power, direct or indirect, to conduct or govern the policies of another person or entity. (k) Transfer Agent. The Company covenants and agrees that, in the event that the Company's agency relationship with the transfer agent should be terminated for any reason prior to a date which is two (2) years after the Closing Date, the Company shall immediately appoint a new transfer agent and shall require that the new transfer agent execute and agree to be bound by the terms of the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions (as defined herein). (l) Restriction on Issuance of the Capital Stock. Except for shares of Common Stock issued to the Buyers or their affiliates under conversion of the Convertible Debentures or otherwise, so long as any Convertible Debentures are outstanding, the Company shall not: (i) without the prior written consent of the Buyer(s), (a) issue or sell shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock without consideration or for a consideration per share less than the Bid Price of the Common Stock determined immediately prior to its issuance, (b) issue any warrant, option, right, contract, call, or other security instrument granting the holder thereof, the right to acquire Common Stock without consideration or for a consideration less than such Common Stock's Bid Price value determined immediately prior to its issuance (except upon exercise or conversion of any security that, pursuant to its terms, is exercisable or convertible into the Company's Common Stock and was issued or outstanding prior to the date hereof), (c) enter into any security instrument granting the holder a security interest in any or all assets of the Company or its subsidiaries, or (d) file any registration statement on Form S-8 except to register up to 1,300,000 shares of the Common Stock to be issued under a stock incentive plan, and (ii) not withstanding Section 4(l)(i) above, the Company may, without obtaining the prior written consent of the Buyer(s), issue or sell shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock for a consideration per share of up to 20% below the closing Bid Price of the Common Stock determined immediately prior to its issuance, provided that 50% of the net proceeds of any such issuance are used to redeem the outstanding Convertible Debentures. 5. TRANSFER AGENT INSTRUCTIONS. The Company shall issue the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions to its transfer agent irrevocably appointing David Gonzalez, Esq. as its agent for purpose of having certificates issued, registered in the name of the Buyer(s) or its respective nominee(s), for the Conversion Shares representing such amounts of Convertible Debentures as specified from time to time by the Buyer(s) to the Company upon conversion of the Convertible Debentures, for interest owed pursuant to the Convertible Debenture, and for any and all Liquidated Damages (as this term is defined in the Investor Registration Rights Agreement). David Gonzalez, Esq. shall be paid a cash fee of Fifty Dollars ($50) for every occasion they act pursuant to the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions. The Company shall not change its transfer agent without the express written consent of the Buyer(s), which may be withheld by the Buyer(s) in its sole discretion. Prior to registration of the Conversion Shares under the Securities Act, all such certificates shall bear the restrictive legend specified in Section 2(g) of this Agreement. The Company warrants that no instruction other than the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions referred to in this Section 5, and stop transfer instructions to give effect to Section 2(g) hereof (in the case of the Conversion Shares prior to registration of such shares under the Securities Act) will be given by the Company to its transfer agent with respect to the Conversion Shares and that the Conversion Shares shall otherwise be freely transferable on the books and records of the Company as and to the extent provided in this Agreement and the Investor Registration Rights Agreement. Nothing in this Section 5 shall affect in any way the Buyer's obligations and agreement to comply with all applicable securities laws upon resale of Conversion Shares. If the Buyer(s) provides the Company with an opinion of counsel reasonable satisfactory to the Company, in form, scope and substance customary for opinions of counsel in comparable transactions to the effect that registration of a resale by the Buyer(s) of any of the Conversion Shares is not required under the Securities Act, the Company shall within two (2) business days instruct its transfer agent to issue one or more certificates in such name and in such denominations as specified by the Buyer. The Company acknowledges that a breach by it of its obligations hereunder will cause irreparable harm to the Buyer by vitiating the intent and purpose of the transaction contemplated hereby. Accordingly, the Company acknowledges that the remedy at law for a breach of its obligations under this Section 5 will be inadequate and agrees, in the event of a breach or threatened breach by the Company of the provisions of this Section 5, that the Buyer(s) shall be entitled, in addition to all other available remedies, to an injunction restraining any breach and requiring immediate issuance and transfer, without the necessity of showing economic loss and without any bond or other security being required. 6. CONDITIONS TO THE COMPANY'S OBLIGATION TO SELL. The obligation of the Company hereunder to issue and sell the Convertible Debentures to the Buyer(s) at the Closings is subject to the satisfaction, at or before the Closing Date, of each of the following conditions, provided that these conditions are for the Company's sole benefit and may be waived by the Company at any time in its sole discretion: (a) Each Buyer shall have executed the Transaction Documents and delivered them to the Company. (b) The Buyer(s) shall have delivered to the Escrow Agent the Purchase Price for Convertible Debentures in respective amounts as set forth next to each Buyer as outlined on Schedule I attached hereto and the Escrow Agent shall have delivered the net proceeds to the Company by wire transfer of immediately available U.S. funds pursuant to the wire instructions provided by the Company. (c) The representations and warranties of the Buyer(s) shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the date when made and as of the Closing Dates as though made at that time (except for representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date), and the Buyer(s) shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with the covenants, agreements and conditions required by this Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Buyer(s) at or prior to the Closing Date. 7. CONDITIONS TO THE BUYER'S OBLIGATION TO PURCHASE. The obligation of the Buyer(s) hereunder to Purchase the Convertible Debentures at the Closing is subject to the satisfaction, at or before the Closing Date, of each of the following conditions: (i) The Company shall have executed the Transaction Documents and delivered the same to the Buyer(s). (ii) The Common Stock shall be authorized for listing on the American Stock Exchange, trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended for any reason, and all the Conversion Shares issuable upon the conversion of the Convertible Debentures shall be approved for listing by the American Stock Exchange. (iii) The representations and warranties of the Company shall be true and correct in all material respects (except to the extent that any of such representations and warranties is already qualified as to materiality in Section 3 above, in which case, such representations and warranties shall be true and correct without further qualification) as of the date when made and as of the Closing Date as though made at that time (except for representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date) and the Company shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with the covenants, agreements and conditions required by this Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Company at or prior to the Closing Date. If requested by the Buyer, the Buyer shall have received a certificate, executed by the President of the Company, dated as of the Closing Date, to the foregoing effect and as to such other matters as may be reasonably requested by the Buyer including, without limitation an update as of the Closing Date regarding the representation contained in Section 3(c) above. (iv) The Company shall have executed and delivered to the Buyer(s) the Convertible Debentures in the respective amounts set forth opposite each Buyer(s) name on Schedule I attached hereto. (v) The Buyer(s) shall have received an opinion of counsel from Bingham McCutchen LLP in a form satisfactory to the Buyer(s). (vi) The Company shall have provided to the Buyer(s) a certificate of good standing from the secretary of state from the state in which the company is incorporated. (vii) The Company shall have executed a form UCC-1 or such other forms as may be required to perfect the Buyer's interest in the Pledged Property as detailed in the Security Agreement and the Subsidiary Security Agreements and provided proof of such filing to the Buyer(s). (viii) The Company shall have delivered to the Escrow Agent the Pledged Shares as well executed and medallion guaranteed stock bond powers as required pursuant to the Pledge and Escrow Agreement. (ix) The Company shall have provided to the Buyer an acknowledgement, to the satisfaction of the Buyer, from the Company's certified public accountant as to its ability to provide all consents required in order to file a registration statement in connection with this transaction. (x) The Company shall have reserved out of its authorized and unissued Common Stock, solely for the purpose of effecting the conversion of the Convertible Debentures, shares of Common Stock to effect the conversion of all of the Conversion Shares then outstanding. (xi) The Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions, in form and substance satisfactory to the Buyer, shall have been delivered to and acknowledged in writing by the Company's transfer agent. 8. INDEMNIFICATION. (a) In consideration of the Buyer's execution and delivery of this Agreement and acquiring the Convertible Debentures and the Conversion Shares hereunder, and in addition to all of the Company's other obligations under this Agreement, the Company shall defend, protect, indemnify and hold harmless the Buyer(s) and each other holder of the Convertible Debentures and the Conversion Shares, and all of their officers, directors, employees and agents (including, without limitation, those retained in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement) (collectively, the "Buyer Indemnitees") from and against any and all actions, causes of action, suits, claims, losses, costs, penalties, fees, liabilities and damages, and expenses in connection therewith (irrespective of whether any such Buyer Indemnitee is a party to the action for which indemnification hereunder is sought), and including reasonable attorneys' fees and disbursements (the "Indemnified Liabilities"), incurred by the Buyer Indemnitees or any of them as a result of, or arising out of, or relating to (a) any misrepresentation or breach of any representation or warranty made by the Company in this Agreement, the Convertible Debentures or the Investor Registration Rights Agreement or any other certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby, (b) any breach of any covenant, agreement or obligation of the Company contained in this Agreement, or the Investor Registration Rights Agreement or any other certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby, or (c) any cause of action, suit or claim brought or made against such Indemnitee and arising out of or resulting from the execution, delivery, performance or enforcement of this Agreement or any other instrument, document or agreement executed pursuant hereto by any of the Indemnities, any transaction financed or to be financed in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, with the proceeds of the issuance of the Convertible Debentures or the status of the Buyer or holder of the Convertible Debentures the Conversion Shares, as a Buyer of Convertible Debentures in the Company. To the extent that the foregoing undertaking by the Company may be unenforceable for any reason, the Company shall make the maximum contribution to the payment and satisfaction of each of the Indemnified Liabilities, which is permissible under applicable law. (b) In consideration of the Company's execution and delivery of this Agreement, and in addition to all of the Buyer's other obligations under this Agreement, the Buyer shall defend, protect, indemnify and hold harmless the Company and all of its officers, directors, employees and agents (including, without limitation, those retained in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement) (collectively, the "Company Indemnitees") from and against any and all Indemnified Liabilities incurred by the Indemnitees or any of them as a result of, or arising out of, or relating to (a) any misrepresentation or breach of any representation or warranty made by the Buyer(s) in this Agreement, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby executed by the Buyer, (b) any breach of any covenant, agreement or obligation of the Buyer(s) contained in this Agreement, the Investor Registration Rights Agreement or any other certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby executed by the Buyer, or (c) any cause of action, suit or claim brought or made against such Company Indemnitee based on material misrepresentations or due to a material breach and arising out of or resulting from the execution, delivery, performance or enforcement of this Agreement, the Investor Registration Rights Agreement or any other instrument, document or agreement executed pursuant hereto by any of the Company Indemnities. To the extent that the foregoing undertaking by each Buyer may be unenforceable for any reason, each Buyer shall make the maximum contribution to the payment and satisfaction of each of the Indemnified Liabilities, which is permissible under applicable law. 9. GOVERNING LAW: MISCELLANEOUS. (a) Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of New Jersey without regard to the principles of conflict of laws. The parties further agree that any action between them shall be heard in Hudson County, New Jersey, and expressly consent to the jurisdiction and venue of the Superior Court of New Jersey, sitting in Hudson County and the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey sitting in Newark, New Jersey for the adjudication of any civil action asserted pursuant to this Paragraph. (b) Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more identical counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party. In the event any signature page is delivered by facsimile transmission, the party using such means of delivery shall cause four (4) additional original executed signature pages to be physically delivered to the other party within five (5) days of the execution and delivery hereof. (c) Headings. The headings of this Agreement are for convenience of reference and shall not form part of, or affect the interpretation of, this Agreement. (d) Severability. If any provision of this Agreement shall be invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of this Agreement in that jurisdiction or the validity or enforceability of any provision of this Agreement in any other jurisdiction. (e) Entire Agreement, Amendments. This Agreement supersedes all other prior oral or written agreements between the Buyer(s), the Company, their affiliates and persons acting on their behalf with respect to the matters discussed herein, and this Agreement and the instruments referenced herein contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the matters covered herein and therein and, except as specifically set forth herein or therein, neither the Company nor any Buyer makes any representation, warranty, covenant or undertaking with respect to such matters. No provision of this Agreement may be waived or amended other than by an instrument in writing signed by the party to be charged with enforcement. (f) Notices. Any notices, consents, waivers, or other communications required or permitted to be given under the terms of this Agreement must be in writing and will be deemed to have been delivered (i) upon receipt, when delivered personally; (ii) upon confirmation of receipt, when sent by facsimile; (iii) three (3) days after being sent by U.S. certified mail, return receipt requested, or (iv) one (1) day after deposit with a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, in each case properly addressed to the party to receive the same. The addresses and facsimile numbers for such communications shall be: If to the Company, to: Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2600 Stemmons Freeway, Suite 176 Dallas, TX 75207 Attention: Kerry P. Gray Telephone: (214) 905-5100 Facsimile: (214) 905-5101 With a copy to: Bingham McCutchen LLP 150 Federal Street Boston, MA 02110-1726 Attention: John J. Concannon, Esq. Telephone: (617) 951-8874 Facsimile: (617) 951-8736 If to the Buyer(s), to its address and facsimile number on Schedule I, with copies to the Buyer's counsel as set forth on Schedule I. Each party shall provide five (5) days' prior written notice to the other party of any change in address or facsimile number. (g) Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective successors and assigns. Neither the Company nor any Buyer shall assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the other party hereto. (h) No Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective permitted successors and assigns, and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other person. (i) Survival. Unless this Agreement is terminated under Section 9(l), the representations and warranties of the Company and the Buyer(s) contained in Sections 2 and 3, the agreements and covenants set forth in Sections 4, 5 and 9, and the indemnification provisions set forth in Section 8, shall survive the Closing for a period of two (2) years following the date on which the Convertible Debentures are converted in full or, if earlier, until Convertible Debentures have been retired. The Buyer(s) shall be responsible only for its own representations, warranties, agreements and covenants hereunder. (j) Publicity. The Company and the Buyer(s) shall have the right to approve, before issuance any press release or any other public statement with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby made by any party; provided, however, that the Company shall be entitled, without the prior approval of the Buyer(s), to issue any press release or other public disclosure with respect to such transactions required under applicable securities or other laws or regulations (the Company shall use its best efforts to consult the Buyer(s) in connection with any such press release or other public disclosure prior to its release and Buyer(s) shall be provided with a copy thereof upon release thereof). (k) Further Assurances. Each party shall do and perform, or cause to be done and performed, all such further acts and things, and shall execute and deliver all such other agreements, certificates, instruments and documents, as the other party may reasonably request in order to carry out the intent and accomplish the purposes of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby. (l) Termination. In the event that the Closing shall not have occurred with respect to the Buyers on or before five (5) business days from the date hereof due to the Company's or the Buyer's failure to satisfy the conditions set forth in Sections 6 and 7 above (and the non-breaching party's failure to waive such unsatisfied condition(s)), the non-breaching party shall have the option to terminate this Agreement with respect to such breaching party at the close of business on such date without liability of any party to any other party; provided, however, that if this Agreement is terminated by the Company pursuant to this Section 9(l), the Company shall remain obligated to reimburse the Buyer(s) for the fees and expenses of Yorkville Advisors Management, LLC described in Section 4(g) above. (m) No Strict Construction. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent, and no rules of strict construction will be applied against any party. [REMAINDER PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Buyers and the Company have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above. COMPANY: ACCESS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. By:/s/ Kerry P. Gray - -------------------- Name: Kerry P. Gray Title: President and Chief Executive Officer EX-10.29 8 r10q-577.txt SECURED CONVERTIBLE NOTES Exhibit 10.29 THIS SECURED DEBENTURE, AND THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH IT IS CONVERTIBLE (COLLECTIVELY, THE "SECURITIES"), HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE. THE SECURITIES ARE BEING OFFERED PURSUANT TO A SAFE HARBOR FROM REGISTRATION UNDER REGULATION D PROMULGATED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE "ACT"). THE SECURITIES ARE "RESTRICTED" AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD UNLESS THE SECURITIES ARE REGISTERED UNDER THE ACT, PURSUANT TO REGULATION D OR PURSUANT TO AVAILABLE EXEMPTIONS FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE ACT AND THE COMPANY WILL BE PROVIDED WITH OPINION OF COUNSEL OR OTHER SUCH INFORMATION AS IT MAY REASONABLY REQUIRE TO CONFIRM THAT SUCH EXEMPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE. FURTHER HEDGING TRANSACTIONS INVOLVING THE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE MADE EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE ACT. SECURED DEBENTURE ACCESS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. 7% Secured Convertible Debenture March 30, 2006 No. HHF-001 US$1,316,500 This Secured Debenture (the "Debenture") is issued on March 30, 2005 (the "Closing Date") by Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), to Highgate House Funds, Ltd. (together with its permitted successors and assigns, the "Holder") pursuant to exemptions from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. ARTICLE I. Section 1.01 Principal and Interest. For value received, the Company hereby promises to pay to the order of the Holder on the one year anniversary of the date hereof ("Maturity Date"), in lawful money of the United States of America and in immediately available funds the principal sum of One Million Three Hundred Sixteen Thousand Five Hundred Dollars ($1,316,500), together with interest on the unpaid principal of this Debenture at the rate of seven percent (7%) per year (compounded monthly) from the date of this Debenture until paid in full. The entire principal amount and all accrued interest shall paid to the Holder on the Maturity Date. In no event shall the Holder be entitled to convert this Debenture for a number of shares of Common Stock in excess of that number of shares of Common Stock which, upon giving effect to such conversion, would cause the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its affiliates to exceed 4.99% of the outstanding shares of the Common Stock following such conversion (unless the Holder provides the Company sixty five (65) days prior written notice that this provision shall not apply). For so long as the Common Stock is listed on the American Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq, the total number of shares issuable under this Debenture to the Holder, Cornell Capital Partners, L.P. or their affiliates, and transferees, subsequent transferees, or any other party pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement of even date herewith among the Company, Cornell Capital Partners, L.P., and Highgate House Funds, Ltd. (the "Securities Purchase Agreement"), and the Pledge and Escrow Agreement of even date herewith among the Company, Cornell Capital Partners, L.P., and Highgate House Funds, Ltd. (the "Pledge Agreement") shall not exceed Two Million Eight Hundred Ninety One Thousand Seven Hundred Twenty Three (2,891,723) shares in the aggregate (representing approximately 19.9% of the outstanding capital of the Company as of the date hereof), absent the approval of the Company's shareholders. Section 1.02 Monthly Repayment Schedule. The Company shall make six (6) scheduled payments ("Scheduled Payments") of principal, plus accrued interest and a Redemption Premium ("Redemption Premium") equal to 10% of the principal amount of each Scheduled Payment. The first Scheduled Payment shall be due and payable on November 1, 2005, and shall continue on the first business day of each succeeding calendar month thereafter. The principal amount of each Scheduled Payment shall be determined by dividing the outstanding principal amount of this Debenture as of the date such Scheduled Payment is due by the number of Scheduled Payments remaining. For example, if on November 1, 2005, the outstanding principal amount is $1,316,500, then the Scheduled Payment due on November 1, 2005, would consist of $219,416.67 of principal, plus a Redemption Premium of $21,942 and accrued interest on $1,316,500 at a rate of 7% per year from the date hereof up to and including October 31, 2005. Section 1.03 Optional Conversion. The Holder is entitled, at its option, to convert, and sell on the same day, at any time and from time to time, until payment in full of this Debenture, all or any part of the principal amount of the Debenture, plus accrued interest, into shares (the "Conversion Shares") of the Company's common stock, par value $0.01 per share ("Common Stock"), at the price per share (the "Conversion Price") equal to $4.00 (the "Conversion Price"). No fraction of shares or scrip representing fractions of shares will be issued on conversion, but the number of shares issuable shall be rounded to the nearest whole share. To convert this Debenture, the Holder hereof shall deliver written notice thereof, substantially in the form of Exhibit A to this Debenture, with appropriate insertions (the "Conversion Notice"), to the Company at its address as set forth herein. The date upon which the conversion shall be effective (the "Conversion Date") shall be deemed to be the date set forth in the Conversion Notice. The Holder has the right to convert this Debenture after the Maturity Date. Section 1.04 Reservation of Common Stock. The Company shall reserve and keep available out of its authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock, solely for the purpose of effecting the conversion of this Debenture, such number of shares of Common Stock as shall from time to time be sufficient to effect such conversion, based upon the Conversion Price. If at any time the Company does not have a sufficient number of Conversion Shares authorized and available, then the Company shall call and hold a special meeting of its stockholders within thirty (30) days of that time for the sole purpose of increasing the number of authorized shares of Common Stock. Section 1.05 Right of Redemption. The Company at its option shall have the right, with three (3) business days advance written notice, to redeem a portion or all amounts outstanding under this Debenture prior to the Maturity Date or any Scheduled Payment due date. The Redemption Premium shall apply to any such early redemptions. The Company shall pay a twenty percent (20%) premium (in lieu of the Redemption Premium), on any Scheduled Payment not made within five (5) business days of the date it is due. Section 1.06 Registration Rights. The Company is obligated to register the resale of the Conversion Shares under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, pursuant to the terms of a Registration Rights Agreement, among the Company, Cornell Capital Partners, LP and Highgate House Funds, Ltd. of even date herewith (the "Investor Registration Rights Agreement"). Section 1.07 Interest Payments. The interest so payable shall be paid at the time of a Scheduled Payment, maturity or conversion to the person in whose name this Debenture is registered. Interest shall be paid in cash (via wire transfer or certified funds). In the event of default, as described in Article III Section 3.01 hereunder, the Holder may elect that the interest be paid in cash (via wire transfer or certified funds) or in the form of Common Stock. If paid in the form of Common Stock, the amount of stock to be issued will be calculated as follows: the value of the stock shall be the Closing Bid Price on: (i) the date the interest payment is due; or (ii) if the interest payment is not made when due, the date the interest payment is made. A number of shares of Common Stock with a value equal to the amount of interest due shall be issued. No fractional shares will be issued; therefore, in the event that the value of the Common Stock per share does not equal the total interest due, the Company will pay the balance in cash. Section 1.08 Paying Agent and Registrar. Initially, the Company will act as paying agent and registrar. The Company may change any paying agent, registrar, or Company-registrar by giving the Holder not less than ten (10) business days' written notice of its election to do so, specifying the name, address, telephone number and facsimile number of the paying agent or registrar. The Company may act in any such capacity. Section 1.09 Secured Nature of Debenture. This Debenture is secured by all of the assets and property of the Company as set forth on Exhibit A to the Security Agreement dated the date hereof among the Company, Cornell Capital Partners, LP, and Highgate House Funds, Ltd. (the "Security Agreement") and the Pledged Shares as set forth in the Pledge Agreement ARTICLE II. Section 2.01 Amendments and Waiver of Default. The Debenture may not be amended. Notwithstanding the above, without the consent of the Holder, the Debenture may be amended to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency, or to provide for assumption of the Company obligations to the Holder. ARTICLE III. Section 3.01 Events of Default. An Event of Default is defined as follows: (a) failure by the Company to pay amounts due hereunder on the Maturity Date; (b) failure by the Company to pay amounts due pursuant to a Scheduled Payment within ten (10) days of the date such payment is due (c) failure by the Company or the Company's transfer agent to deliver Common Stock certificates to the Holder prior to the fifth (5th ) trading day after a Conversion Date; (d) failure by the Company for ten (10) days after notice to it to comply with any of its other agreements in the Debenture; (d) events of bankruptcy or insolvency; (e) a breach by the Company under the Investor Registration Rights Agreement, the Security Agreement, the Pledge Agreement, or any of the other Transaction Documents (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement of even date herewith among the Company, Cornell Capital Partners, LP, and Highgate House Funds, Ltd. (the "Securities Purchase Agreement")) which is not cured by the Company within any allocated cure period therein. Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, the Holder may, in its sole discretion, accelerate full repayment of all debentures outstanding and accrued interest thereon or may, notwithstanding any limitations contained in this Debenture and/or the Securities Purchase Agreement, convert all debentures outstanding and accrued interest thereon into shares of Common Stock pursuant to Section 1.03 herein. Upon and Event of Default, the Holder, in addition to any other remedies, shall have the right (but not the obligation) to convert this Debenture at any time after an Event of Default. Section 3.02 Failure to Issue Unrestricted Common Stock. As indicated in Article III Section 3.01, a breach by the Company of its obligations under the Investor Registration Rights Agreement shall be deemed an Event of Default, which if not cured within ten (10) days, shall entitle the Holder to accelerate full repayment of all Debentures outstanding and accrued interest thereon or, notwithstanding any limitations contained in this Debenture and/or the Securities Purchase Agreement, to convert all debentures outstanding and accrued interest thereon into shares of Common Stock pursuant to Section 1.03 herein. The Company acknowledges that failure to honor a Notice of Conversion shall cause irreparable harm to the Holder. ARTICLE IV. Section 4.01 Rights and Terms of Conversion. This Debenture, in whole or in part, may be converted at any time following the Closing Date, into shares of Common Stock at a price equal to the Conversion Price as described in Section 1.03 above. Section 4.02 Re-issuance of Debenture. When the Holder elects to convert a part of the Debenture, then the Company shall reissue a new Debenture in the same form as this Debenture to reflect the new principal amount. ARTICLE V. Section 5.01 Anti-dilution. If the Company, at any time while this Debenture is outstanding, (a) shall pay a stock dividend or otherwise make a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock payable in shares of its capital stock (whether payable in shares of its Common Stock or of capital stock of any class), (b) subdivide outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (c) combine outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (d) issue by reclassification any shares of capital stock of the Company, the Conversion Price as applied in Section 1.03 shall be multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of shares of Common Stock of the Company outstanding immediately before such event and the denominator of which shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such event. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 5.01 shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or reclassification, provided that no adjustment shall be made if the Company does not complete such dividend, distribution, subdivision, combination or reclassification. (1) If the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement or other similar transaction) (a "Distribution"), at any time after the issuance of this Debenture, then, in each such case: (i) any Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to the close of business on the record date fixed for the determination of holders of Common Stock entitled to receive the Distribution shall be reduced, effective as of the close of business on such record date, to a price determined by multiplying such Conversion Price by a fraction of which (A) the numerator shall be the closing bid price of the Common Stock on the trading day immediately preceding such record date minus the value of the Distribution (as determined in good faith by the Company's Board of Directors) applicable to one share of Common Stock, and (B) the denominator shall be the closing bid price of the Common Stock on the trading day immediately preceding such record date; and (ii) either (A) the number of shares of Common Stock to be obtainable upon exercise of this Debenture shall be increased to a number of shares equal to the number of shares of Common Stock obtainable immediately prior to the close of business on the record date fixed for the determination of holders of Common Stock entitled to receive the Distribution multiplied by the reciprocal of the fraction set forth in the immediately preceding clause (i), or (B) in the event that the Distribution is of common stock of a company whose common stock is traded on a national securities exchange or a national automated quotation system, then the holder of this Debenture shall receive an additional warrant, the terms of which shall be identical to those of this Debenture, except that such warrant shall be exercisable into the amount of the assets that would have been payable to the holder of this Debenture pursuant to the Distribution had the holder exercised this Debenture immediately prior to such record date and with an exercise price equal to the amount by which the exercise price of this Debenture was decreased with respect to the Distribution pursuant to the terms of the immediately preceding clause (i). The newly issued warrant shall have piggy-back right. (2) All calculations under this Section shall be made to the nearest 1/1000th of a cent or the nearest 1/1000th of a share, as the case may be. Any calculation equal to or over .005 shall be rounded up to the next cent or share and any calculation less than .005 shall be rounded down to the previous cent or share. (3) Whenever the Conversion Price is adjusted pursuant to Section 5.01, the Company shall within one (1) Business Day after the determination of the new Conversion Price mail and fax to the Holder, a notice ("Company Notice of Conversion Price Adjustment") setting forth the Conversion Price after such adjustment and setting forth a brief statement of the factsrequiring such adjustment. (4) In case of any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into another person, the sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property, then each holder of Debentures then outstanding shall have the right thereafter to convert such Debentures only into the shares of stock and other securities and property receivable upon or deemed to be held by holders of Common Stock following such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange (except in the event the property is cash, then the Holder shall have the right to convert the Debenture and receive cash in the same manner as other stockholders), and the Holder shall be entitled upon such event to receive such amount of securities or property as the holder of shares of the Common Stock into which such Debenture could have been converted immediately prior to such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange would have been entitled. The terms of any such consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange shall include such terms so as to continue to give to the Holder the right to receive the securities or property set forth in this Section upon any conversion following such consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange. This provision shall similarly apply to successive reclassifications, consolidations, mergers, sales, transfers or share exchanges; (5)If: (a) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution) on its Common Stock; or (b) the Company shall declare a special non-recurring cash dividend redemption of its Common Stock; or (c) the Company shall authorize the grant to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights; or (d) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock of the Company (other than a subdivision or combination of the outstanding shares of Common Stock), any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property; or (e) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding-up of the affairs of the Company; then the Company shall cause to be filed at each office or agency maintained for the purpose of conversion of Debentures, and shall cause to be mailed and faxed to the Holder and each other holder of the Debentures at their last addresses and facsimile number set forth in the Debenture Register at least twenty (20) calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined, or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer, share exchange, dissolution, liquidation or winding-up is expected to become effective, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of Common Stock for securities or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer, share exchange, dissolution, liquidation or winding-up; provided, however, that the failure to mail such notice or any defect therein or in the mailing thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. Section 5.02 If at any time conditions shall arise by reason of action or failure to act by the Company, which action or failure to act, in the opinion of the Board of Directors of the Company, is not adequately covered by the other provisions hereof and which might materially and adversely affect the rights of the Holder (different or distinguishable from the effect generally on rights of holders of any class of the Company's capital stock), the Company shall, at least twenty (20) calendar days prior to the effective date of such action, mail and fax a written notice to each holder of Debenture briefly describing the action contemplated, and an appraiser selected by the holders of majority in principal amount of the outstanding Debentures shall give its opinion as to the adjustment, if any (not inconsistent with the standards established in this Section 5.01), of the Conversion Price (including, if necessary, any adjustment as to the securities into which Debentures may thereafter be convertible) and any distribution which is or would be required to preserve without diluting the rights of the holders of Debentures; provided, however, that the Company, after receipt of the determination by such appraiser, shall have the right to select an additional appraiser, in which case the adjustment shall be equal to the average of the adjustments recommended by each such appraiser. The Company shall pay all fees and expenses of any appraiser selected under this Section 5.02. The Board of Directors of the Company shall make the adjustment recommended forthwith upon the receipt of such opinion or opinions or the taking of any such action contemplated, as the case may be; provided, however, that no such adjustment of the Conversion Price shall be made which, in the opinion of the appraiser(s) giving the aforesaid opinion or opinions, would result in an increase of the Conversion Price above the Conversion Price then in effect. Section 5.03 Consent of Holder to Sell Capital Stock or Grant Security Interests. Except for shares of Common Stock issued to the Holder or its affiliates under conversion of this Debenture or otherwise, so long as any of the principal of or interest on this Debenture remains unpaid and unconverted, the Company shall not, without the prior written consent of the Holder, (a) issue or sell shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock without consideration or for a consideration per share less than the bid price of the Common Stock determined immediately prior to its issuance, (except upon exercise or conversion of any security that, pursuant to its terms, is exercisable or convertible into the Company's Common Stock and was issued or outstanding prior to the date hereof) (b) issue any warrant, option, right, contract, call, or other security instrument granting the holder thereof, the right to acquire Common Stock without consideration or for a consideration less than such Common Stock's bid price determined immediately prior to its issuance, (c) enter into any security instrument granting the holder a security interest in any and all assets of the Company that is senior to the security interest of the Buyer(s), or (d) file any registration statement on Form S-8 except to register up to 1,300,000 shares of the Common Stock to be issued under a stock incentive plan. Section 5.04 Not withstanding Section 5.03 above, the Company may, without obtaining the prior written consent of the Buyer(s), issue or sell shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock for a consideration per share of up to 20% below the closing bid price of the Common Stock determined immediately prior to its issuance, provided that 50% of the net proceeds of any such issuance are used to redeem the outstanding this Debenture. ARTICLE VI. Section 6.01 Notice. Notices regarding this Debenture shall be sent to the parties at the following addresses, unless a party notifies the other parties, in writing, of a change of address: if to the Company, to: Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2600 Stemmons Freeway, Suite 176 Dallas, TX 75207 Attention: Kerry P. Gray Telephone: (214) 905-5100 Facsimile: (214) 905-5101 With a copy to: Bingham McCutchen LLP 150 Federal Street Boston, MA 02110-1726 Attention: John J. Concannon, Esq. Telephone: (617) 951-8874 Facsimile: (617) 951-8736 If to the Holder: Highgate House Funds, Ltd. 101 Hudson Street, Suite 3700 Jersey City, NJ 07303 Telephone: (201) 985-8300 Facsimile: (201) 985-8266 With a copy to: Troy Rillo, Esq. 101 Hudson Street, Suite 3700 Jersey City, NJ 07302 Telephone: (201) 985-8300 Facsimile: (201) 985-8266 Section 6.02 Governing Law. This Debenture shall be deemed to be made under and shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New Jersey without giving effect to the principals of conflict of laws thereof. Each of the parties consents to the jurisdiction of the U.S. District Court sitting in the District of the State of New Jersey or the state courts of the State of New Jersey sitting in Hudson County, New Jersey in connection with any dispute arising under this Debenture and hereby waives, to the maximum extent permitted by law, any objection, including any objection based on forum non conveniens to the bringing of any such proceeding in such jurisdictions. Section 6.03 Severability. The invalidity of any of the provisions of this Debenture shall not invalidate or otherwise affect any of the other provisions of this Debenture, which shall remain in full force and effect. Section 6.04 Entire Agreement and Amendments. This Debenture represents the entire agreement between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and there are no representations, warranties or commitments, except as set forth herein. This Debenture may be amended only by an instrument in writing executed by the parties hereto. Section 6.05 Attorney Fees. If the Company fails to strictly comply with the terms of this Debenture, then the Company shall reimburse the Holder promptly for all fees, costs and expenses, including, without limitation, attorney's fees and expenses incurred by the Holder in any action in connection with this Debenture, including, without limitation, those incurred: (i) during any workout, attempted workout, and/or in connection with the rendering of legal advice as to the Holder's rights, remedies and obligations, (ii) collecting any sums which become due to the Holder, (iii) defending or prosecuting any proceeding or any counterclaim to any proceeding or appeal; or (iv) the protection, preservation or enforcement of any rights or remedies of the Holder. Section 6.06 Counterparts. This Debenture may be executed in multiple counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but all of which shall be deemed to constitute on instrument. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, with the intent to be legally bound hereby, the Company as executed this Debenture as of the date first written above. ACCESS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. By: /s/ Kerry P. Gray ------------------ Name: Kerry P. Gray Title: President and Chief Executive Officer THIS SECURED DEBENTURE, AND THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH IT IS CONVERTIBLE (COLLECTIVELY, THE "SECURITIES"), HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE. THE SECURITIES ARE BEING OFFERED PURSUANT TO A SAFE HARBOR FROM REGISTRATION UNDER REGULATION D PROMULGATED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE "ACT"). THE SECURITIES ARE "RESTRICTED" AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD UNLESS THE SECURITIES ARE REGISTERED UNDER THE ACT, PURSUANT TO REGULATION D OR PURSUANT TO AVAILABLE EXEMPTIONS FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE ACT AND THE COMPANY WILL BE PROVIDED WITH OPINION OF COUNSEL OR OTHER SUCH INFORMATION AS IT MAY REASONABLY REQUIRE TO CONFIRM THAT SUCH EXEMPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE. FURTHER HEDGING TRANSACTIONS INVOLVING THE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE MADE EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE ACT. SECURED DEBENTURE ACCESS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. 7% Secured Convertible Debenture March 30, 2006 No. CCP-001 US$1,316,500 This Secured Debenture (the "Debenture") is issued on March 30, 2005 (the "Closing Date") by Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), to Cornell Capital Partners, LP (together with its permitted successors and assigns, the "Holder") pursuant to exemptions from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. ARTICLE I. Section 1.01 Principal and Interest. For value received, the Company hereby promises to pay to the order of the Holder on the one year anniversary of the date hereof ("Maturity Date"), in lawful money of the United States of America and in immediately available funds the principal sum of One Million Three Hundred Sixteen Thousand Five Hundred Dollars ($1,316,500), together with interest on the unpaid principal of this Debenture at the rate of seven percent (7%) per year (compounded monthly) from the date of this Debenture until paid in full. The entire principal amount and all accrued interest shall paid to the Holder on the Maturity Date. In no event shall the Holder be entitled to convert this Debenture for a number of shares of Common Stock in excess of that number of shares of Common Stock which, upon giving effect to such conversion, would cause the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its affiliates to exceed 4.99% of the outstanding shares of the Common Stock following such conversion (unless the Holder provides the Company sixty five (65) days prior written notice that this provision shall not apply). For so long as the Common Stock is listed on the American Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq, the total number of shares issuable under this Debenture to the Holder, Highgate House Funds, Ltd. or their affiliates, and transferees, subsequent transferees, or any other party pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement of even date herewith among the Company, Cornell Capital Partners, L.P., and Highgate House Funds, Ltd. (the "Securities Purchase Agreement"), and the Pledge and Escrow Agreement of even date herewith among the Company, Cornell Capital Partners, L.P., and Highgate House Funds, Ltd. (the "Pledge Agreement") shall not exceed Two Million Eight Hundred Ninety One Thousand Seven Hundred Twenty Three (2,891,723) shares in the aggregate (representing approximately 19.9% of the outstanding capital of the Company as of the date hereof), absent the approval of the Company's shareholders. Section 1.02 Monthly Repayment Schedule. The Company shall make six (6) scheduled payments ("Scheduled Payments") of principal, plus accrued interest and a Redemption Premium ("Redemption Premium") equal to 10% of the principal amount of each Scheduled Payment. The first Scheduled Payment shall be due and payable on November 1, 2005, and shall continue on the first business day of each succeeding calendar month thereafter. The principal amount of each Scheduled Payment shall be determined by dividing the outstanding principal amount of this Debenture as of the date such Scheduled Payment is due by the number of Scheduled Payments remaining. For example, if on November 1, 2005, the outstanding principal amount is $1,316,500, then the Scheduled Payment due on November 1, 2005, would consist of $219,416.67 of principal, plus a Redemption Premium of $21,942 and accrued interest on $1,316,500 at a rate of 7% per year from the date hereof up to and including October 31, 2005. Section 1.03 Optional Conversion. The Holder is entitled, at its option, to convert, and sell on the same day, at any time and from time to time, until payment in full of this Debenture, all or any part of the principal amount of the Debenture, plus accrued interest, into shares (the "Conversion Shares") of the Company's common stock, par value $0.01 per share ("Common Stock"), at the price per share (the "Conversion Price") equal to $4.00 (the "Conversion Price"). No fraction of shares or scrip representing fractions of shares will be issued on conversion, but the number of shares issuable shall be rounded to the nearest whole share. To convert this Debenture, the Holder hereof shall deliver written notice thereof, substantially in the form of Exhibit A to this Debenture, with appropriate insertions (the "Conversion Notice"), to the Company at its address as set forth herein. The date upon which the conversion shall be effective (the "Conversion Date") shall be deemed to be the date set forth in the Conversion Notice. The Holder has the right to convert this Debenture after the Maturity Date. Section 1.04 Reservation of Common Stock. The Company shall reserve and keep available out of its authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock, solely for the purpose of effecting the conversion of this Debenture, such number of shares of Common Stock as shall from time to time be sufficient to effect such conversion, based upon the Conversion Price. If at any time the Company does not have a sufficient number of Conversion Shares authorized and available, then the Company shall call and hold a special meeting of its stockholders within thirty (30) days of that time for the sole purpose of increasing the number of authorized shares of Common Stock. Section 1.05 Right of Redemption. The Company at its option shall have the right, with three (3) business days advance written notice, to redeem a portion or all amounts outstanding under this Debenture prior to the Maturity Date or any Scheduled Payment due date. The Redemption Premium shall apply to any such early redemptions. The Company shall pay a twenty percent (20%) premium (in lieu of the Redemption Premium), on any Scheduled Payment not made within five (5) business days of the date it is due. Section 1.06 Registration Rights. The Company is obligated to register the resale of the Conversion Shares under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, pursuant to the terms of a Registration Rights Agreement, among the Company, Cornell Capital Partners, LP and Highgate House Funds, Ltd. of even date herewith (the "Investor Registration Rights Agreement"). Section 1.07 Interest Payments. The interest so payable shall be paid at the time of a Scheduled Payment, maturity or conversion to the person in whose name this Debenture is registered. Interest shall be paid in cash (via wire transfer or certified funds). In the event of default, as described in Article III Section 3.01 hereunder, the Holder may elect that the interest be paid in cash (via wire transfer or certified funds) or in the form of Common Stock. If paid in the form of Common Stock, the amount of stock to be issued will be calculated as follows: the value of the stock shall be the Closing Bid Price on: (i) the date the interest payment is due; or (ii) if the interest payment is not made when due, the date the interest payment is made. A number of shares of Common Stock with a value equal to the amount of interest due shall be issued. No fractional shares will be issued; therefore, in the event that the value of the Common Stock per share does not equal the total interest due, the Company will pay the balance in cash. Section 1.08 Paying Agent and Registrar. Initially, the Company will act as paying agent and registrar. The Company may change any paying agent, registrar, or Company-registrar by giving the Holder not less than ten (10) business days' written notice of its election to do so, specifying the name, address, telephone number and facsimile number of the paying agent or registrar. The Company may act in any such capacity. Section 1.09 Secured Nature of Debenture. This Debenture is secured by all of the assets and property of the Company as set forth on Exhibit A to the Security Agreement dated the date hereof among the Company, Cornell Capital Partners, LP, and Highgate House Funds, Ltd. (the "Security Agreement") and the Pledged Shares as set forth in the Pledge Agreement ARTICLE II. Section 2.01 Amendments and Waiver of Default. The Debenture may not be amended. Notwithstanding the above, without the consent of the Holder, the Debenture may be amended to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency, or to provide for assumption of the Company obligations to the Holder. ARTICLE III. Section 3.01 Events of Default. An Event of Default is defined as follows: (a) failure by the Company to pay amounts due hereunder on the Maturity Date; (b) failure by the Company to pay amounts due pursuant to a Scheduled Payment within ten (10) days of the date such payment is due (c) failure by the Company or the Company's transfer agent to deliver Common Stock certificates to the Holder prior to the fifth (5th ) trading day after a Conversion Date; (d) failure by the Company for ten (10) days after notice to it to comply with any of its other agreements in the Debenture; (d) events of bankruptcy or insolvency; (e) a breach by the Company under the Investor Registration Rights Agreement, the Security Agreement, the Pledge Agreement, or any of the other Transaction Documents (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement of even date herewith among the Company, Cornell Capital Partners, LP, and Highgate House Funds, Ltd. (the "Securities Purchase Agreement")) which is not cured by the Company within any allocated cure period therein. Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, the Holder may, in its sole discretion, accelerate full repayment of all debentures outstanding and accrued interest thereon or may, notwithstanding any limitations contained in this Debenture and/or the Securities Purchase Agreement, convert all debentures outstanding and accrued interest thereon into shares of Common Stock pursuant to Section 1.03 herein. Upon and Event of Default, the Holder, in addition to any other remedies, shall have the right (but not the obligation) to convert this Debenture at any time after an Event of Default. Section 3.02 Failure to Issue Unrestricted Common Stock. As indicated in Article III Section 3.01, a breach by the Company of its obligations under the Investor Registration Rights Agreement shall be deemed an Event of Default, which if not cured within ten (10) days, shall entitle the Holder to accelerate full repayment of all Debentures outstanding and accrued interest thereon or, notwithstanding any limitations contained in this Debenture and/or the Securities Purchase Agreement, to convert all debentures outstanding and accrued interest thereon into shares of Common Stock pursuant to Section 1.03 herein. The Company acknowledges that failure to honor a Notice of Conversion shall cause irreparable harm to the Holder. ARTICLE IV. Section 4.01 Rights and Terms of Conversion. This Debenture, in whole or in part, may be converted at any time following the Closing Date, into shares of Common Stock at a price equal to the Conversion Price as described in Section 1.03 above. Section 4.02 Re-issuance of Debenture. When the Holder elects to convert a part of the Debenture, then the Company shall reissue a new Debenture in the same form as this Debenture to reflect the new principal amount. ARTICLE V. Section 5.01 Anti-dilution. If the Company, at any time while this Debenture is outstanding, (a) shall pay a stock dividend or otherwise make a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock payable in shares of its capital stock (whether payable in shares of its Common Stock or of capital stock of any class), (b) subdivide outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (c) combine outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (d) issue by reclassification any shares of capital stock of the Company, the Conversion Price as applied in Section 1.03 shall be multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of shares of Common Stock of the Company outstanding immediately before such event and the denominator of which shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such event. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 5.01 shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or reclassification, provided that no adjustment shall be made if the Company does not complete such dividend, distribution, subdivision, combination or reclassification. (1) If the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement or other similar transaction) (a "Distribution"), at any time after the issuance of this Debenture, then, in each such case: (i) any Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to the close of business on the record date fixed for the determination of holders of Common Stock entitled to receive the Distribution shall be reduced, effective as of the close of business on such record date, to a price determined by multiplying such Conversion Price by a fraction of which (A) the numerator shall be the closing bid price of the Common Stock on the trading day immediately preceding such record date minus the value of the Distribution (as determined in good faith by the Company's Board of Directors) applicable to one share of Common Stock, and (B) the denominator shall be the closing bid price of the Common Stock on the trading day immediately preceding such record date; and (ii) either (A) the number of shares of Common Stock to be obtainable upon exercise of this Debenture shall be increased to a number of shares equal to the number of shares of Common Stock obtainable immediately prior to the close of business on the record date fixed for the determination of holders of Common Stock entitled to receive the Distribution multiplied by the reciprocal of the fraction set forth in the immediately preceding clause (i), or (B) in the event that the Distribution is of common stock of a company whose common stock is traded on a national securities exchange or a national automated quotation system, then the holder of this Debenture shall receive an additional warrant, the terms of which shall be identical to those of this Debenture, except that such warrant shall be exercisable into the amount of the assets that would have been payable to the holder of this Debenture pursuant to the Distribution had the holder exercised this Debenture immediately prior to such record date and with an exercise price equal to the amount by which the exercise price of this Debenture was decreased with respect to the Distribution pursuant to the terms of the immediately preceding clause (i). The newly issued warrant shall have piggy-back right. (2) All calculations under this Section shall be made to the nearest 1/1000th of a cent or the nearest 1/1000th of a share, as the case may be. Any calculation equal to or over .005 shall be rounded up to the next cent or share and any calculation less than .005 shall be rounded down to the previous cent or share. (3) Whenever the Conversion Price is adjusted pursuant to Section 5.01, the Company shall within one (1) Business Day after the determination of the new Conversion Price mail and fax to the Holder, a notice ("Company Notice of Conversion Price Adjustment") setting forth the Conversion Price after such adjustment and setting forth a brief statement of the factsrequiring such adjustment. (4) In case of any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into another person, the sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property, then each holder of Debentures then outstanding shall have the right thereafter to convert such Debentures only into the shares of stock and other securities and property receivable upon or deemed to be held by holders of Common Stock following such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange (except in the event the property is cash, then the Holder shall have the right to convert the Debenture and receive cash in the same manner as other stockholders), and the Holder shall be entitled upon such event to receive such amount of securities or property as the holder of shares of the Common Stock into which such Debenture could have been converted immediately prior to such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange would have been entitled. The terms of any such consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange shall include such terms so as to continue to give to the Holder the right to receive the securities or property set forth in this Section upon any conversion following such consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange. This provision shall similarly apply to successive reclassifications, consolidations, mergers, sales, transfers or share exchanges; (5)If: (a) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution) on its Common Stock; or (b) the Company shall declare a special non-recurring cash dividend redemption of its Common Stock; or (c) the Company shall authorize the grant to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights; or (d) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock of the Company (other than a subdivision or combination of the outstanding shares of Common Stock), any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property; or (e) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding-up of the affairs of the Company; then the Company shall cause to be filed at each office or agency maintained for the purpose of conversion of Debentures, and shall cause to be mailed and faxed to the Holder and each other holder of the Debentures at their last addresses and facsimile number set forth in the Debenture Register at least twenty (20) calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined, or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer, share exchange, dissolution, liquidation or winding-up is expected to become effective, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of Common Stock for securities or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer, share exchange, dissolution, liquidation or winding-up; provided, however, that the failure to mail such notice or any defect therein or in the mailing thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. Section 5.02 If at any time conditions shall arise by reason of action or failure to act by the Company, which action or failure to act, in the opinion of the Board of Directors of the Company, is not adequately covered by the other provisions hereof and which might materially and adversely affect the rights of the Holder (different or distinguishable from the effect generally on rights of holders of any class of the Company's capital stock), the Company shall, at least twenty (20) calendar days prior to the effective date of such action, mail and fax a written notice to each holder of Debenture briefly describing the action contemplated, and an appraiser selected by the holders of majority in principal amount of the outstanding Debentures shall give its opinion as to the adjustment, if any (not inconsistent with the standards established in this Section 5.01), of the Conversion Price (including, if necessary, any adjustment as to the securities into which Debentures may thereafter be convertible) and any distribution which is or would be required to preserve without diluting the rights of the holders of Debentures; provided, however, that the Company, after receipt of the determination by such appraiser, shall have the right to select an additional appraiser, in which case the adjustment shall be equal to the average of the adjustments recommended by each such appraiser. The Company shall pay all fees and expenses of any appraiser selected under this Section 5.02. The Board of Directors of the Company shall make the adjustment recommended forthwith upon the receipt of such opinion or opinions or the taking of any such action contemplated, as the case may be; provided, however, that no such adjustment of the Conversion Price shall be made which, in the opinion of the appraiser(s) giving the aforesaid opinion or opinions, would result in an increase of the Conversion Price above the Conversion Price then in effect. Section 5.03 Consent of Holder to Sell Capital Stock or Grant Security Interests. Except for shares of Common Stock issued to the Holder or its affiliates under conversion of this Debenture or otherwise, so long as any of the principal of or interest on this Debenture remains unpaid and unconverted, the Company shall not, without the prior written consent of the Holder, (a) issue or sell shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock without consideration or for a consideration per share less than the bid price of the Common Stock determined immediately prior to its issuance, (except upon exercise or conversion of any security that, pursuant to its terms, is exercisable or convertible into the Company's Common Stock and was issued or outstanding prior to the date hereof) (b) issue any warrant, option, right, contract, call, or other security instrument granting the holder thereof, the right to acquire Common Stock without consideration or for a consideration less than such Common Stock's bid price determined immediately prior to its issuance, (c) enter into any security instrument granting the holder a security interest in any and all assets of the Company that is senior to the security interest of the Buyer(s), or (d) file any registration statement on Form S-8 except to register up to 1,300,000 shares of the Common Stock to be issued under a stock incentive plan. Section 5.04 Not withstanding Section 5.03 above, the Company may, without obtaining the prior written consent of the Buyer(s), issue or sell shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock for a consideration per share of up to 20% below the closing bid price of the Common Stock determined immediately prior to its issuance, provided that 50% of the net proceeds of any such issuance are used to redeem the outstanding this Debenture. ARTICLE VI. Section 6.01 Notice. Notices regarding this Debenture shall be sent to the parties at the following addresses, unless a party notifies the other parties, in writing, of a change of address: If to the Company, to: Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2600 Stemmons Freeway, Suite 176 Dallas, TX 75207 Attention: Kerry P. Gray Telephone: (214) 905-5100 Facsimile: (214) 905-5101 With a copy to: Bingham McCutchen LLP 150 Federal Street Boston, MA 02110-1726 Attention: John J. Concannon, Esq. Telephone: (617) 951-8874 Facsimile: (617) 951-8736 If to the Holder: Cornell Capital Partners, LP 101 Hudson Street, Suite 3700 Jersey City, NJ 07303 Telephone: (201) 985-8300 Facsimile: (201) 985-8266 With a copy to: Troy Rillo, Esq. 101 Hudson Street, Suite 3700 Jersey City, NJ 07302 Telephone: (201) 985-8300 Facsimile: (201) 985-8266 Section 6.02 Governing Law. This Debenture shall be deemed to be made under and shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New Jersey without giving effect to the principals of conflict of laws thereof. Each of the parties consents to the jurisdiction of the U.S. District Court sitting in the District of the State of New Jersey or the state courts of the State of New Jersey sitting in Hudson County, New Jersey in connection with any dispute arising under this Debenture and hereby waives, to the maximum extent permitted by law, any objection, including any objection based on forum non conveniens to the bringing of any such proceeding in such jurisdictions. Section 6.03 Severability. The invalidity of any of the provisions of this Debenture shall not invalidate or otherwise affect any of the other provisions of this Debenture, which shall remain in full force and effect. Section 6.04 Entire Agreement and Amendments. This Debenture represents the entire agreement between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and there are no representations, warranties or commitments, except as set forth herein. This Debenture may be amended only by an instrument in writing executed by the parties hereto. Section 6.05 Attorney Fees. If the Company fails to strictly comply with the terms of this Debenture, then the Company shall reimburse the Holder promptly for all fees, costs and expenses, including, without limitation, attorney's fees and expenses incurred by the Holder in any action in connection with this Debenture, including, without limitation, those incurred: (i) during any workout, attempted workout, and/or in connection with the rendering of legal advice as to the Holder's rights, remedies and obligations, (ii) collecting any sums which become due to the Holder, (iii) defending or prosecuting any proceeding or any counterclaim to any proceeding or appeal; or (iv) the protection, preservation or enforcement of any rights or remedies of the Holder. Section 6.06 Counterparts. This Debenture may be executed in multiple counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but all of which shall be deemed to constitute on instrument. WITNESS WHEREOF, with the intent to be legally bound hereby, the Company as executed this Debenture as of the date first written above. ACCESS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. By:/s/ Kerry P. Gray ----------------- Name: Kerry P. Gray Title: President and Chief Executive Officer EX-10.30 9 r10q-578.txt INVESTOR RIGHTS AGREEMENT Exhibit 10.30 INVESTOR REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT THIS REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT (this "Agreement"), dated as of March 30, 2005, by and among ACCESS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), and the undersigned investors listed on Schedule I attached hereto (each, an "Investor" and collectively, the "Investors"). WHEREAS: A. In connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement by and among the parties hereto of even date herewith (the "Securities Purchase Agreement"), the Company has agreed, upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Securities Purchase Agreement, to issue and sell to the Investors secured convertible debentures (the "Convertible Debentures") which shall be convertible into that number of shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Common Stock"), pursuant to the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement for an aggregate purchase price of up to Two Million Six Hundred Thirty Three Thousand Dollars ($2,633,000). Capitalized terms not defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed to them in the Securities Purchase Agreement. B. To induce the Investors to execute and deliver the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company has agreed to provide certain registration rights under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations there under, or any similar successor statute (collectively, the "Securities Act"), and applicable state securities laws. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Investors hereby agree as follows: 1. DEFINITIONS. As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings: (a) "Person" means a corporation, a limited liability company, an association, a partnership, an organization, a business, an individual, a governmental or political subdivision thereof or a governmental agency. (b) "Register," "registered," and "registration" refer to a registration effected by preparing and filing one or more Registration Statements (as defined below) in compliance with the Securities Act and pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act or any successor rule providing for offering securities on a continuous or delayed basis ("Rule 415"), and the declaration or ordering of effectiveness of such Registration Statement(s) by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). (c) "Registrable Securities" means the shares of Common Stock issuable to the Investors upon conversion of the Convertible Debentures pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement and the Buyer's Shares, as this term is defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement. The Registrable Securities shall cease to be Registrable Securities at the end of the time period set forth in Section 2(a). (d) "Registration Statement" means a registration statement under the Securities Act which covers the Registrable Securities. 2. REGISTRATION. (a) Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Company shall prepare and file, no later than sixty (60) days from the date hereof (the "Scheduled Filing Deadline"), with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 or SB-2 (or, if the Company is then eligible, on Form S-3) under the Securities Act (the "Initial Registration Statement") for the resale by the Investors of the Registrable Securities, which includes at least six hundred fifty eight thousand two hundred fifty (658,250) shares of Common Stock to be issued upon conversion of the Convertible Debentures. The Company shall cause the Registration Statement to remain effective until the earlier of (i) all of the Registrable Securities have been sold, or (ii) all Registrable Securities are eligible for sale pursuant to Rule 144(k). Prior to the filing of the Registration Statement with the SEC, the Company shall furnish a copy of the Initial Registration Statement to the Investors for their review and comment. The Investors shall furnish comments on the Initial Registration Statement to the Company within twenty-four (24) hours of the receipt thereof from the Company. (b) Effectiveness of the Initial Registration Statement. The Company shall use its best efforts (i) to have the Initial Registration Statement declared effective by the SEC no later than one hundred twenty (120) days after the date filed (the "Scheduled Effective Deadline") and (ii) to insure that the Initial Registration Statement and any subsequent Registration Statement remains in effect for the time period set forth in Section 2(a), subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement. It shall be an event of default hereunder if the Initial Registration Statement is not declared effective by the SEC within one hundred fifty (150) days after filing thereof. (c) Failure to File or Obtain Effectiveness of the Registration Statement. In the event the Registration Statement is not filed by the Scheduled Filing Deadline or is not declared effective by the SEC on or before the Scheduled Effective Date, or if after the Registration Statement has been declared effective by the SEC, sales cannot be made pursuant to the Registration Statement (whether because of a failure to keep the Registration Statement effective, failure to disclose such information as is necessary for sales to be made pursuant to the Registration Statement, failure to register sufficient shares of Common Stock or otherwise then as partial relief for the damages to any holder of Registrable Securities by reason of any such delay in or reduction of its ability to sell the underlying shares of Common Stock (which remedy shall not be exclusive of any other remedies at law or in equity), subject to the obligations of the Investors pursuant to Section 4(b) hereof, the Company will pay as liquidated damages (the "Liquidated Damages") to the holder, at the holder's option, either a cash amount or shares of the Company's Common Stock within three (3) business days, after demand therefore, equal to two percent (1.5%) of the liquidated value of the Convertible Debentures outstanding as Liquidated Damages for each thirty (30) day period after the Scheduled Filing Deadline or the Scheduled Effective Date as the case may be. (d) Liquidated Damages. The Company and the Investor hereto acknowledge and agree that the sums payable under subsection 2(c) above shall constitute liquidated damages and not penalties and are in addition to all other rights of the Investor, including the right to call a default. The parties further acknowledge that (i) the amount of loss or damages likely to be incurred is incapable or is difficult to precisely estimate, (ii) the amounts specified in such subsections bear a reasonable relationship to, and are not plainly or grossly disproportionate to, the probable loss likely to be incurred in connection with any failure by the Company to obtain or maintain the effectiveness of a Registration Statement, (iii) one of the reasons for the Company and the Investor reaching an agreement as to such amounts was the uncertainty and cost of litigation regarding the question of actual damages, and (iv) the Company and the Investor are sophisticated business parties and have been represented by sophisticated and able legal counsel and negotiated this Agreement at arm's length. 3. RELATED OBLIGATIONS. (a) The Company shall keep the Registration Statement effective pursuant to Rule 415 at all times until the date set forth in Section 2(a) (the "Registration Period"), which Registration Statement (including any amendments or supplements thereto and prospectuses contained therein) shall not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein, or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading. (b) The Company shall prepare and file with the SEC such amendments (including post-effective amendments) and supplements to a Registration Statement and the prospectus used in connection with such Registration Statement, which prospectus is to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 promulgated under the Securities Act, as may be necessary to keep such Registration Statement effective at all times during the Registration Period, and, during such period, comply with the provisions of the Securities Act with respect to the disposition of all Registrable Securities of the Company covered by such Registration Statement until such time as all of such Registrable Securities shall have been disposed of in accordance with the intended methods of disposition by the seller or sellers thereof as set forth in such Registration Statement. In the case of amendments and supplements to a Registration Statement which are required to be filed pursuant to this Agreement (including pursuant to this Section 3(b)) by reason of the Company's filing a report on Form 10-KSB, Form 10-QSB or Form 8-K or any analogous report under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), the Company shall incorporate such report by reference into the Registration Statement, if applicable, or, if required by law, rule or regulation shall file such amendments or supplements with the SEC on the same day on which the Exchange Act report is filed which created the requirement for the Company to amend or supplement the Registration Statement. (c) The Company shall furnish to each Investor whose Registrable Securities are included in any Registration Statement, without charge, (i) at least one (1) copy of such Registration Statement as declared effective by the SEC and any amendment(s) thereto, including financial statements and schedules, all documents incorporated therein by reference, all exhibits and each preliminary prospectus, (ii) ten (10) copies of the final prospectus included in such Registration Statement and all amendments and supplements thereto (or such other number of copies as such Investor may reasonably request) and (iii) such other documents as such Investor may reasonably request from time to time in order to facilitate the disposition of the Registrable Securities owned by such Investor. (d) The Company shall use its best efforts to (i) register and qualify the Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement under such other securities or "blue sky" laws of such jurisdictions in the United States as any Investor reasonably requests, (ii) prepare and file in those jurisdictions, such amendments (including post-effective amendments) and supplements to such registrations and qualifications as may be necessary to maintain the effectiveness thereof during the Registration Period, (iii) take such other actions as may be necessary to maintain such registrations and qualifications in effect at all times during the Registration Period, and (iv) take all other actions reasonably necessary or advisable to qualify the Registrable Securities for sale in such jurisdictions; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required in connection therewith or as a condition thereto to (w) make any change to its articles of incorporation or by-laws, (x) qualify to do business in any jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to qualify but for this Section 3(d), (y) subject itself to general taxation in any such jurisdiction, or (z) file a general consent to service of process in any such jurisdiction. The Company shall promptly notify each Investor who holds Registrable Securities of the receipt by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the registration or qualification of any of the Registrable Securities for sale under the securities or "blue sky" laws of any jurisdiction in the United States or its receipt of actual notice of the initiation or threat of any proceeding for such purpose. (e) As promptly as practicable after becoming aware of such event or development, the Company shall notify each Investor in writing of the happening of any event as a result of which the prospectus included in a Registration Statement, as then in effect, includes an untrue statement of a material fact or omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading (provided that in no event shall such notice contain any material, nonpublic information), and promptly prepare a supplement or amendment to such Registration Statement to correct such untrue statement or omission, and deliver ten (10) copies of such supplement or amendment to each Investor. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, if the Company makes such a notification, the Company may suspend the use of any prospectus contained in any Registration Statement for periods not to exceed forty five (45) business days in any three month period or two periods not to exceed an aggregate of ninety (90) business days in any 12 month period in the event that the Company determines, after consultation with outside legal counsel, in the exercise of its reasonable discretion, that sales of Registrable Securities thereunder could constitute violations of the Securities Act due to the Registration Statement containing an untrue statement of a material fact or omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading . In each case the Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to remedy the deficiency in the Registration Statement within thirty (30) business days. The Company shall also promptly notify each Investor in writing (i) when a prospectus or any prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment has been filed, and when a Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment has become effective (notification of such effectiveness shall be delivered to each Investor by facsimile on the same day of such effectiveness), (ii) of any request by the SEC for amendments or supplements to a Registration Statement or related prospectus or related information, and (iii) of the Company's reasonable determination that a post-effective amendment to a Registration Statement would be appropriate. (f) The Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order or other suspension of effectiveness of a Registration Statement, or the suspension of the qualification of any of the Registrable Securities for sale in any jurisdiction within the United States of America and, if such an order or suspension is issued, to obtain the withdrawal of such order or suspension at the earliest possible moment and to notify each Investor who holds Registrable Securities being sold of the issuance of such order and the resolution thereof or its receipt of actual notice of the initiation or threat of any proceeding for such purpose. (g) At the reasonable request of any Investor, the Company shall furnish to such Investor, on the date of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement and thereafter from time to time on such dates as an Investor may reasonably request in connection with any underwritten offering (i) a letter, dated such date, from the Company's independent certified public accountants in form and substance as is customarily given by independent certified public accountants to underwriters in an underwritten public offering, and (ii) an opinion, dated as of such date, of counsel representing the Company for purposes of such Registration Statement, in form, scope and substance as is customarily given in an underwritten public offering, addressed to the Investors provided, however, that no "10b-5 opinion" shall be included in any such opinion. (h) The Company shall make available for inspection by (i) any Investor and (ii) one (1) firm of accountants or other agents retained by the Investors (collectively, the "Inspectors") all pertinent financial and other records, and pertinent corporate documents and properties of the Company (collectively, the "Records"), as shall be reasonably deemed necessary by each Inspector, and cause the Company's officers, directors and employees to supply all information which any Inspector may reasonably request; provided, however, that each Inspector shall agree, and each Investor hereby agrees, to hold in strict confidence and shall not make any disclosure (except to an Investor) or use any Record or other information which the Company determines in good faith to be confidential, and of which determination the Inspectors are so notified, unless (a) the disclosure of such Records is necessary to avoid or correct a misstatement or omission in any Registration Statement or is otherwise required under the Securities Act, (b) the release of such Records is ordered pursuant to a final, non-appealable subpoena or order from a court or government body of competent jurisdiction, or (c) the information in such Records has been made generally available to the public other than by disclosure in violation of this or any other agreement of which the Inspector and the Investor has knowledge. Each Investor agrees that it shall, upon learning that disclosure of such Records is sought in or by a court or governmental body of competent jurisdiction or through other means, give prompt notice to the Company and allow the Company, at its expense, to undertake appropriate action to prevent disclosure of, or to obtain a protective order for, the Records deemed confidential. (i) The Company shall hold in confidence and not make any disclosure of information concerning an Investor provided to the Company unless (i) disclosure of such information is necessary to comply with federal or state securities laws, (ii) the disclosure of such information is necessary to avoid or correct a misstatement or omission in any Registration Statement, (iii) the release of such information is ordered pursuant to a subpoena or other final, non-appealable order from a court or governmental body of competent jurisdiction, or (iv) such information has been made generally available to the public other than by disclosure in violation of this Agreement or any other agreement. The Company agrees that it shall, upon learning that disclosure of such information concerning an Investor is sought in or by a court or governmental body of competent jurisdiction or through other means, give prompt written notice to such Investor and allow such Investor, at the Investor's expense, to undertake appropriate action to prevent disclosure of, or to obtain a protective order for, such information. (j) The Company shall use its best efforts either to cause all the Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement (i) to be listed on each securities exchange on which securities of the same class or series issued by the Company are then listed, if any, if the listing of such Registrable Securities is then permitted under the rules of such exchange or (ii) the inclusion for quotation on the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. OTC Bulletin Board for such Registrable Securities. The Company shall pay all fees and expenses in connection with satisfying its obligation under this Section 3(j). (k) The Company shall cooperate with the Investors who hold Registrable Securities being offered and, to the extent applicable, to facilitate the timely preparation and delivery of certificates (not bearing any restrictive legend) representing the Registrable Securities to be offered pursuant to a Registration Statement and enable such certificates to be in such denominations or amounts, as the case may be, as the Investors may reasonably request and registered in such names as the Investors may request. (l) The Company shall use its best efforts to cause the Registrable Securities covered by the applicable Registration Statement to be registered with or approved by such other governmental agencies or authorities as may be necessary to consummate the disposition of such Registrable Securities. (m) The Company shall make generally available to its security holders as soon as practical, but not later than ninety (90) days after the close of the period covered thereby, an earnings statement (in form complying with the provisions of Rule 158 under the Securities Act) covering a twelve (12) month period beginning not later than the first day of the Company's fiscal quarter next following the effective date of the Registration Statement. (n) The Company shall otherwise use its best efforts to comply with all applicable rules and regulations of the SEC in connection with any registration hereunder. (o) Within two (2) business days after a Registration Statement which covers Registrable Securities is declared effective by the SEC, the Company shall deliver, and shall cause legal counsel for the Company to deliver, to the transfer agent for such Registrable Securities (with copies to the Investors whose Registrable Securities are included in such Registration Statement) confirmation that such Registration Statement has been declared effective by the SEC in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A. (p) The Company shall take all other reasonable actions necessary to expedite and facilitate disposition by the Investors of Registrable Securities pursuant to a Registration Statement. 4. OBLIGATIONS OF THE INVESTORS. (a) Each Investor agrees that, upon receipt of any notice from the Company of the happening of any event of the kind described in Section 3(f) or the first sentence of 3(e), such Investor will immediately discontinue disposition of Registrable Securities pursuant to any Registration Statement(s) covering such Registrable Securities until such Investor's receipt of the copies of the supplemented or amended prospectus contemplated by Section 3(e) or receipt of notice that no supplement or amendment is required. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, the Company shall cause its transfer agent to deliver unlegended certificates for shares of Common Stock to a transferee of an Investor in accordance with the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement in connection with any sale of Registrable Securities with respect to which an Investor has entered into a contract for sale prior to the Investor's receipt of a notice from the Company of the happening of any event of the kind described in Section 3(f) or the first sentence of 3(e) and for which the Investor has not yet settled. (b) Each Investor shall provide the Company with written information concerning the Investor necessary for inclusion in the Registration Statement. 5. EXPENSES OF REGISTRATION. All expenses incurred in connection with registrations, filings or qualifications pursuant to Sections 2 and 3, including, without limitation, all registration, listing and qualifications fees, printers, legal and accounting fees shall be paid by the Company. 6. INDEMNIFICATION. With respect to Registrable Securities which are included in a Registration Statement under this Agreement: (a) To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company will, and hereby does, indemnify, hold harmless and defend each Investor, the directors, officers, partners, employees, agents, representatives of, and each Person, if any, who controls any Investor within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act (each, an "Indemnified Person"), against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities, judgments, fines, penalties, charges, costs, reasonable attorneys' fees, amounts paid in settlement or expenses, joint or several (collectively, "Claims") incurred in investigating, preparing or defending any action, claim, suit, inquiry, proceeding, investigation or appeal taken from the foregoing by or before any court or governmental, administrative or other regulatory agency, body or the SEC, whether pending or threatened, whether or not an indemnified party is or may be a party thereto ("Indemnified Damages"), to which any of them may become subject insofar as such Claims (or actions or proceedings, whether commenced or threatened, in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon: (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact in a Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or in any filing made in connection with the qualification of the offering under the securities or other "blue sky" laws of any jurisdiction in which Registrable Securities are offered ("Blue Sky Filing"), or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any final prospectus (as amended or supplemented, if the Company files any amendment thereof or supplement thereto with the SEC) or the omission or alleged omission to state therein any material fact necessary to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances under which the statements therein were made, not misleading; or (iii) any violation or alleged violation by the Company of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, any other law, including, without limitation, any state securities law, or any rule or regulation there under relating to the offer or sale of the Registrable Securities pursuant to a Registration Statement (the matters in the foregoing clauses (i) through (iii) being, collectively, "Violations"). The Company shall reimburse the Investors and each such controlling person promptly as such expenses are incurred and are due and payable, for any legal fees or disbursements or other reasonable expenses incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such Claim. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the indemnification agreement contained in this Section 6(a): (x) shall not apply to a Claim by an Indemnified Person arising out of or based upon a Violation which occurs in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by such Indemnified Person expressly for use in connection with the preparation of the Registration Statement or any such amendment thereof or supplement thereto; (y) shall not be available to the extent such Claim is based on (i) a failure of the Investor to deliver or to cause to be delivered the prospectus made available by the Company, if such prospectus was timely made available by the Company pursuant to Section 3(c) or (ii) is based on the delivery of a defective prospectus after the Investor has been given written notice that such prospectus is defective; and (z) shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any Claim if such settlement is effected without the prior written consent of the Company, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. Such indemnity shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the Indemnified Person and shall survive the transfer of the Registrable Securities by the Investors pursuant to Section 9 hereof. (b) In connection with a Registration Statement, each Investor agrees to severally and not jointly indemnify, hold harmless and defend, to the same extent and in the same manner as is set forth in Section 6(a), the Company, each of its directors, each of its officers, employees, representatives, or agents and each Person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act (each an "Indemnified Party"), against any Claim or Indemnified Damages to which any of them may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise, insofar as such Claim or Indemnified Damages arise out of or is based upon any Violation, in each case to the extent, and only to the extent, that such Violation is a result of any action described in Section 6(a)(x)-(z); and, subject to Section 6(d), such Investor will reimburse any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such Claim; provided, however, that the indemnity agreement contained in this Section 6(b) and the agreement with respect to contribution contained in Section 7 shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any Claim if such settlement is effected without the prior written consent of such Investor, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld; provided, further, however, that the Investor shall be liable under this Section 6(b) for only that amount of a Claim or Indemnified Damages as does not exceed the net proceeds to such Investor as a result of the sale of Registrable Securities pursuant to such Registration Statement. Such indemnity shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of such Indemnified Party and shall survive the transfer of the Registrable Securities by the Investors pursuant to Section 9. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the indemnification agreement contained in this Section 6(b) with respect to any prospectus shall not inure to the benefit of any Indemnified Party if the untrue statement or omission of material fact contained in the prospectus was corrected and such new prospectus was delivered to each Investor prior to such Investor's use of the prospectus to which the Claim relates. (c) Promptly after receipt by an Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party under this Section 6 of notice of the commencement of any action or proceeding (including any governmental action or proceeding) involving a Claim, such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party shall, if a Claim in respect thereof is to be made against any indemnifying party under this Section 6, deliver to the indemnifying party a written notice of the commencement thereof, and the indemnifying party shall have the right to participate in, and, to the extent the indemnifying party so desires, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly noticed, to assume control of the defense thereof with counsel mutually satisfactory to the indemnifying party and the Indemnified Person or the Indemnified Party, as the case may be; provided, however, that an Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party shall have the right to retain its own counsel with the fees and expenses of not more than one (1) counsel for such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party to be paid by the indemnifying party, if, in the reasonable opinion of counsel retained by the indemnifying party, the representation by such counsel of the Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party and the indemnifying party would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party and any other party represented by such counsel in such proceeding. The Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person shall cooperate fully with the indemnifying party in connection with any negotiation or defense of any such action or claim by the indemnifying party and shall furnish to the indemnifying party all information reasonably available to the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person which relates to such action or claim. The indemnifying party shall keep the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person fully apprised at all times as to the status of the defense or any settlement negotiations with respect thereto. No indemnifying party shall be liable for any settlement of any action, claim or proceeding effected without its prior written consent; provided, however, that the indemnifying party shall not unreasonably withhold, delay or condition its consent. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person, consent to entry of any judgment or enter into any settlement or other compromise which does not include as an unconditional term thereof the giving by the claimant or plaintiff to such Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person of a release from all liability in respect to such claim or litigation. Following indemnification as provided for hereunder, the indemnifying party shall be subrogated to all rights of the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person with respect to all third parties, firms or corporations relating to the matter for which indemnification has been made. The failure to deliver written notice to the indemnifying party within a reasonable time of the commencement of any such action shall not relieve such indemnifying party of any liability to the Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party under this Section 6, except to the extent that the indemnifying party is prejudiced in its ability to defend such action. (d) The indemnification required by this Section 6 shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense, as and when bills are received or Indemnified Damages are incurred. (e) The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to (i) any cause of action or similar right of the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person against the indemnifying party or others, and (ii) any liabilities the indemnifying party may be subject to pursuant to the law. 7. CONTRIBUTION. To the extent any indemnification by an indemnifying party is prohibited or limited by law, the indemnifying party agrees to make the maximum contribution with respect to any amounts for which it would otherwise be liable under Section 6 to the fullest extent permitted by law; provided, however, that: (i) no seller of Registrable Securities guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any seller of Registrable Securities who was not guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation; and (ii) contribution by any seller of Registrable Securities shall be limited in amount to the net amount of proceeds received by such seller from the sale of such Registrable Securities. 8.REPORTS UNDER THE EXHANGE ACT. With a view to making available to the Investors the benefits of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act or any similar rule or regulation of the SEC that may at any time permit the Investors to sell securities of the Company to the public without registration ("Rule 144"), while either the Convertible Debentures or the Registrable Securities are outstanding the Company agrees to: (a) make and keep public information available, as those terms are understood and defined in Rule 144; (b) file with the SEC in a timely manner all reports and other documents required of the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act so long as the Company remains subject to such requirements (it being understood that nothing herein shall limit the Company's obligations under Section 4(c) of the Securities Purchase Agreement) and the filing of such reports and other documents as are required by the applicable provisions of Rule 144; and (c) furnish to each Investor so long as such Investor owns Registrable Securities, promptly upon request, (i) a written statement by the Company that it has complied with the reporting requirements of Rule 144, the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, (ii) a copy of the most recent annual or quarterly report of the Company and such other reports and documents so filed by the Company, and (iii) such other information as may be reasonably requested to permit the Investors to sell such securities pursuant to Rule 144 without registration. 9.AMENDMENT OF REGISTRATION RIGHTS. Provisions of this Agreement may be amended and the observance thereof may be waived (either generally or in a particular instance and either retroactively or prospectively), only with the written consent of the Company and Investors who then hold at least two-thirds (2/3) of the Registrable Securities. Any amendment or waiver effected in accordance with this Section 9 shall be binding upon each Investor and the Company. No such amendment shall be effective to the extent that it applies to fewer than all of the holders of the Registrable Securities. No consideration shall be offered or paid to any Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of any of this Agreement unless the same consideration also is offered to all of the parties to this Agreement. 10.MISCELLANEOUS. (a) A Person is deemed to be a holder of Registrable Securities whenever such Person owns or is deemed to own of record such Registrable Securities. If the Company receives conflicting instructions, notices or elections from two (2) or more Persons with respect to the same Registrable Securities, the Company shall act upon the basis of instructions, notice or election received from the registered owner of such Registrable Securities. (b) Any notices, consents, waivers or other communications required or permitted to be given under the terms of this Agreement must be in writing and will be deemed to have been delivered: (i) upon receipt, when delivered personally; (ii) upon receipt, when sent by facsimile (provided confirmation of transmission is mechanically or electronically generated and kept on file by the sending party); or (iii) one (1) business day after deposit with a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, in each case properly addressed to the party to receive the same. The addresses and facsimile numbers for such communications shall be: If to the Company, to: Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2600 Stemmons Freeway, Suite 176 Dallas, TX 75207 Attention: Kerry P. Gray Telephone: (214) 905-5100 Facsimile: (214) 905-5101 With Copy to: Bingham McCutchen LLP 150 Federal Street Boston, MA 02110-1726 Attention: John J. Concannon, Esq. Telephone: (617) 951-8874 Facsimile: (617) 951-8736 If to an Investor, to its address and facsimile number on the Schedule of Investors attached hereto, with copies to such Investor's representatives as set forth on the Schedule of Investors or to such other address and/or facsimile number and/or to the attention of such other person as the recipient party has specified by written notice given to each other party five (5) days prior to the effectiveness of such change. Written confirmation of receipt (A) given by the recipient of such notice, consent, waiver or other communication, (B) mechanically or electronically generated by the sender's facsimile machine containing the time, date, recipient facsimile number and an image of the first page of such transmission or (C) provided by a courier or overnight courier service shall be rebuttable evidence of personal service, receipt by facsimile or receipt from a nationally recognized overnight delivery service in accordance with clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above, respectively. (c) Failure of any party to exercise any right or remedy under this Agreement or otherwise, or delay by a party in exercising such right or remedy, shall not operate as a waiver thereof. (d) The laws of the State of New Jersey shall govern all issues concerning the relative rights of the Company and the Investors as its stockholders. All other questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Agreement shall be governed by the internal laws of the State of New Jersey, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the State of New Jersey or any other jurisdiction) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the State of New Jersey. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the Superior Courts of the State of New Jersey, sitting in Hudson County, New Jersey and federal courts for the District of New Jersey sitting Newark, New Jersey, for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum or that the venue of such suit, action or proceeding is improper. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof to such party at the address for such notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law. If any provision of this Agreement shall be invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of this Agreement in that jurisdiction or the validity or enforceability of any provision of this Agreement in any other jurisdiction. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE, AND AGREES NOT TO REQUEST, A JURY TRIAL FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION HEREWITH OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY. (e) This Agreement, the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions, the Securities Purchase Agreement and related documents including the Convertible Debenture and the Escrow Agreement dated the date hereof by and among the Company, the Investors set forth on the Schedule of Investors attached hereto, and David Gonzalez, Esq. (the "Escrow Agreement") and the Security Agreement dated the date hereof (the "Security Agreement") constitute the entire agreement among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof. There are no restrictions, promises, warranties or undertakings, other than those set forth or referred to herein and therein. This Agreement, the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions, the Securities Purchase Agreement and related documents including the Convertible Debenture, the Escrow Agreement and the Security Agreement supersede all prior agreements and understandings among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof. (f) This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the permitted successors and assigns of each of the parties hereto. (g) The headings in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not limit or otherwise affect the meaning hereof. (h) This Agreement may be executed in identical counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original but all of which shall constitute one and the same agreement. This Agreement, once executed by a party, may be delivered to the other party hereto by facsimile transmission of a copy of this Agreement bearing the signature of the party so delivering this Agreement. (i) Each party shall do and perform, or cause to be done and performed, all such further acts and things, and shall execute and deliver all such other agreements, certificates, instruments and documents, as the other party may reasonably request in order to carry out the intent and accomplish the purposes of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent and no rules of strict construction will be applied against any party. (j) This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective permitted successors and assigns, and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person. [REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Investor Registration Rights Agreement to be duly executed as of day and year first above written. COMPANY: ACCESS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. By:/s/ Kerry P. Gray ----------------- Name:Kerry P. Gray Title:President and Chief Executive Officer EX-10.31 10 r10q-579.txt SECURITY AGREEMENT Exhibit 10.31 SECURITY AGREEMENT THIS SECURITY AGREEMENT (the "Agreement"), is entered into and made effective as of March 30, 2005, by and between ACCESS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), and the BUYER(S) listed on Schedule I attached to the Securities Purchase Agreement dated the date hereof (the "Secured Party"). WHEREAS, the Company shall issue and sell to the Secured Party, as provided in the Securities Purchase Agreement dated the date hereof, and the Secured Party shall purchase up to Two Million Six Hundred Thirty Three Thousand Dollars ($2,633,000) of seven percent (7%) secured convertible debentures (the "Convertible Debentures"), which shall be convertible into shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.01 (the "Common Stock") (as converted, the "Conversion Shares") in the respective amounts set forth opposite each Buyer(s) name on Schedule I attached to the Securities Purchase Agreement; WHEREAS, to induce the Secured Party to enter into the transaction contemplated by the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Convertible Debentures, the Investor Registration Rights Agreement, the Pledge and Escrow Agreement, and the Escrow Agreement (collectively referred to as the "Transaction Documents"), the Company hereby grants to the Secured Party a security interest in and to the pledged property identified on Exhibit A hereto (collectively referred to as the "Pledged Property"), subject to a security interest on certain specific equipment granted to Agilent Financial Services, Inc., until the satisfaction of the Obligations, as defined herein below. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants herein contained, and for other good and valuable consideration, the adequacy and receipt of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows: ARTICLE 1. DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS Section 1.1. Recitals. The above recitals are true and correct and are incorporated herein, in their entirety, by this reference. Section 1.2. Interpretations. Nothing herein expressed or implied is intended or shall be construed to confer upon any person other than the Secured Party any right, remedy or claim under or by reason hereof. Section 1.3. Obligations Secured. The obligations secured hereby are any and all obligations of the Company now existing or hereinafter incurred to the Secured Party, arising from, on or after the date hereof including, without limitation, those obligations of the Company to the Secured Party under the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Secured Convertible Debenture, the Investor Registration Rights Agreement and Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions, and any other amounts now or hereafter owed to the Secured Party by the Company thereunder or hereunder (collectively, the "Obligations"). ARTICLE 2. PLEDGED COLLATERAL, ADMINISTRATION OF COLLATERAL AND TERMINATION OF SECURITY INTEREST Section 2.1. Pledged Property. (a) Company hereby pledges to the Secured Party, and creates in the Secured Party for its benefit, a security interest for such time until the Obligations are paid in full, in and to all of the property of the Company as set forth in Exhibit "A" attached hereto (collectively, the "Pledged Property"): The Pledged Property, as set forth in Exhibit "A" attached hereto, and the products thereof and the proceeds of all such items are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Pledged Collateral." (b) Simultaneously with the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Company shall make, execute, acknowledge, file, record and deliver to the Secured Party any documents reasonably requested by the Secured Party to perfect its security interest in the Pledged Property. Simultaneously with the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Company shall make, execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Secured Party such documents and instruments, including, without limitation, financing statements, certificates, affidavits and forms as may, in the Secured Party's reasonable judgment, be necessary to effectuate, complete or perfect, or to continue and preserve, the security interest of the Secured Party in the Pledged Property, and the Secured Party shall hold such documents and instruments as secured party, subject to the terms and conditions contained herein. Section 2.2. Rights; Interests; Etc. (a) So long as no Event of Default (as hereinafter defined) shall have occurred and be continuing: (i) the Company shall be entitled to exercise any and all rights pertaining to the Pledged Property or any part thereof for any purpose not inconsistent with the terms hereof; and (ii) the Company shall be entitled to receive and retain any and all payments paid or made in respect of the Pledged Property. (b) Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default: (i) All rights of the Company to exercise the rights which it would otherwise be entitled to exercise pursuant to Section 2.2(a)(i) hereof and to receive payments which it would otherwise be authorized to receive and retain pursuant to Section 2.2(a)(ii) hereof shall be suspended, and all such rights shall thereupon become vested in the Secured Party who shall thereupon have the sole right to exercise such rights and to receive and hold as Pledged Collateral such payments; provided, however, that if the Secured Party shall become entitled and shall elect to exercise its right to realize on the Pledged Collateral pursuant to Article 5 hereof, then all cash sums received by the Secured Party, or held by Company for the benefit of the Secured Party and paid over pursuant to Section 2.2(b)(ii) hereof, shall be applied against any outstanding Obligations; and (ii) All interest, dividends, income and other payments and distributions which are received by the Company contrary to the provisions of Section 2.2(b)(i) hereof shall be received in trust for the benefit of the Secured Party, shall be segregated from other property of the Company and shall be forthwith paid over to the Secured Party; or (iii) The Secured Party in its sole discretion shall be authorized to sell any or all of the Pledged Property at public or private sale in order to recoup all of the outstanding principal plus accrued interest owed pursuant to the Convertible Debenture as described herein (c) Each of the following events shall constitute a default under this Agreement (each an "Event of Default"): (i) any default, whether in whole or in part, shall occur in the payment to the Secured Party of principal, interest or other item comprising the Obligations as and when due or with respect to any other debt or obligation of the Company to a party other than the Secured Party; (ii) any default, whether in whole or in part, shall occur in the due observance or performance of any obligations or other covenants, terms or provisions to be performed under this Agreement or the Transaction Documents; (iii) the Company shall: (1) make a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; (2) apply for or consent to the appointment of a receiver, trustee, assignee, custodian, sequestrator, liquidator or similar official for itself or any of its assets and properties; (3) commence a voluntary case for relief as a debtor under the United States Bankruptcy Code; (4) file with or otherwise submit to any governmental authority any petition, answer or other document seeking: (A) reorganization, (B) an arrangement with creditors or (C) to take advantage of any other present or future applicable law respecting bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, readjustment of debts, relief of debtors, dissolution or liquidation; (5) file or otherwise submit any answer or other document admitting or failing to contest the material allegations of a petition or other document filed or otherwise submitted against it in any proceeding under any such applicable law, or (6) be adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent by a court of competent jurisdiction; or (iv) any case, proceeding or other action shall be commenced against the Company for the purpose of effecting, or an order, judgment or decree shall be entered by any court of competent jurisdiction approving (in whole or in part) anything specified in Section 2.2(c)(iii) hereof, or any receiver, trustee, assignee, custodian, sequestrator, liquidator or other official shall be appointed with respect to the Company, or shall be appointed to take or shall otherwise acquire possession or control of all or a substantial part of the assets and properties of the Company, and any of the foregoing shall continue unstayed and in effect for any period of thirty (30) days. ARTICLE 3. ATTORNEY-IN-FACT; PERFORMANCE Section 3.1. Secured Party Appointed Attorney-In-Fact. Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, the Company hereby appoints the Secured Party as its attorney-in-fact, with full authority in the place and stead of the Company and in the name of the Company or otherwise, from time to time in the Secured Party's discretion to take any action and to execute any instrument which the Secured Party may reasonably deem necessary to accomplish the purposes of this Agreement, including, without limitation, to receive and collect all instruments made payable to the Company representing any payments in respect of the Pledged Collateral or any part thereof and to give full discharge for the same. The Secured Party may demand, collect, receipt for, settle, compromise, adjust, sue for, foreclose, or realize on the Pledged Property as and when the Secured Party may determine. To facilitate collection, the Secured Party may notify account debtors and obligors on any Pledged Property or Pledged Collateral to make payments directly to the Secured Party. Section 3.2. Secured Party May Perform. If the Company fails to perform any agreement contained herein, the Secured Party, at its option, may itself perform, or cause performance of, such agreement, and the expenses of the Secured Party incurred in connection therewith shall be included in the Obligations secured hereby and payable by the Company under Section 8.3. ARTICLE 4. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES Section 4.1. Authorization; Enforceability. Each of the parties hereto represents and warrants that it has taken all action necessary to authorize the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby; and upon execution and delivery, this Agreement shall constitute a valid and binding obligation of the respective party, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws affecting creditors' rights or by the principles governing the availability of equitable remedies. Section 4.2. Ownership of Pledged Property. The Company warrants and represents that it is the legal and beneficial owner of the Pledged Property free and clear of any lien, security interest, option or other charge or encumbrance except for the security interest created by this Agreement and a security interest on certain specific equipment granted to Agilent Financial Services, Inc. ARTICLE 5. DEFAULT; REMEDIES; SUBSTITUTE COLLATERAL Section 5.1. Default and Remedies. (a) If an Event of Default described in Section 2.2(c)(i) and (ii) occurs, then in each such case the Secured Party may declare the Obligations to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company, and upon any such declaration, the Obligations shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default described in Sections 2.2(c)(iii) or (iv) occurs and is continuing for the period set forth therein, then the Obligations shall automatically become immediately due and payable without declaration or other act on the part of the Secured Party. (b) Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, the Secured Party shall: (i) be entitled to receive all distributions with respect to the Pledged Collateral, (ii) to cause the Pledged Property to be transferred into the name of the Secured Party or its nominee, (iii) to dispose of the Pledged Property, and (iv) to realize upon any and all rights in the Pledged Property then held by the Secured Party. (c) Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 5 or the Agreement, the Secured Party agrees not to take any action under this Agreement prior to exhausting its remedies for a default or an Event of Default under the Pledge and Escrow Agreement; provided that if the Secured Party could not sell or dispose of all the Pledged Shares within 90 days of an Event of Default as determined by the Secured Party in its sole discretion, then the Secured Party may proceed against any collateral without the need to exhaust its remedies under the Pledge and Escrow Agreement. Section 5.2. Method of Realizing Upon the Pledged Property: Other Remedies. Subject to the provisions of 5.1(c), upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, in addition to any rights and remedies available at law or in equity, the following provisions shall govern the Secured Party's right to realize upon the Pledged Property: (a) Any item of the Pledged Property may be sold for cash or other value in any number of lots at brokers board, public auction or private sale and may be sold without demand, advertisement or notice (except that the Secured Party shall give the Company ten (10) days' prior written notice of the time and place or of the time after which a private sale may be made (the "Sale Notice")), which notice period is hereby agreed to be commercially reasonable. At any sale or sales of the Pledged Property, the Company may bid for and purchase the whole or any part of the Pledged Property and, upon compliance with the terms of such sale, may hold, exploit and dispose of the same without further accountability to the Secured Party. The Company will execute and deliver, or cause to be executed and delivered, such instruments, documents, assignments, waivers, certificates, and affidavits and supply or cause to be supplied such further information and take such further action as the Secured Party reasonably shall require in connection with any such sale. (b) Any cash being held by the Secured Party as Pledged Collateral and all cash proceeds received by the Secured Party in respect of, sale of, collection from, or other realization upon all or any part of the Pledged Collateral shall be applied as follows: (i) to the payment of all amounts due the Secured Party for the expenses reimbursable to it hereunder or owed to it pursuant to Section 8.3 hereof; (ii) to the payment of the Obligations then due and unpaid. (iii) the balance, if any, to the person or persons entitled thereto, including, without limitation, the Company. (c) In addition to all of the rights and remedies which the Secured Party may have pursuant to this Agreement, the Secured Party shall have all of the rights and remedies provided by law, including, without limitation, those under the Uniform Commercial Code. (i) If the Company fails to pay such amounts due upon the occurrence of an Event of Default which is continuing, then the Secured Party may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same against the Company and collect the monies adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of Company, wherever situated. (ii) The Company agrees that it shall be liable for any reasonable fees, expenses and costs incurred by the Secured Party in connection with enforcement, collection and preservation of the Transaction Documents, including, without limitation, reasonable legal fees and expenses, and such amounts shall be deemed included as Obligations secured hereby and payable as set forth in Section 8.3 hereof. Section 5.3. Proofs of Claim. In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relating to the Company or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or its creditors, the Secured Party (irrespective of whether the Obligations shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Secured Party shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of the Obligations), subject to the rights of Previous Security Holders, shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise: (i) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of the Obligations and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Secured Party (including any claim for the reasonable legal fees and expenses and other expenses paid or incurred by the Secured Party permitted hereunder and of the Secured Party allowed in such judicial proceeding), and (ii) to collect and receive any monies or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same; and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by the Secured Party to make such payments to the Secured Party and, in the event that the Secured Party shall consent to the making of such payments directed to the Secured Party, to pay to the Secured Party any amounts for expenses due it hereunder. Section 5.4. Duties Regarding Pledged Collateral. The Secured Party shall have no duty as to the collection or protection of the Pledged Property or any income thereon or as to the preservation of any rights pertaining thereto, beyond the safe custody and reasonable care of any of the Pledged Property actually in the Secured Party's possession. ARTICLE 6. AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS The Company covenants and agrees that, from the date hereof and until the Obligations have been fully paid and satisfied, unless the Secured Party shall consent otherwise in writing (as provided in Section 8.4 hereof): Section 6.1. Existence, Properties, Etc. (a) The Company shall do, or cause to be done, all things, or proceed with due diligence with any actions or courses of action, that may be reasonably necessary (i) to maintain Company's due organization, valid existence and good standing under the laws of its state of incorporation, and (ii) to preserve and keep in full force and effect all qualifications, licenses and registrations in those jurisdictions in which the failure to do so could have a Material Adverse Effect (as defined below); and (b) the Company shall not do, or cause to be done, any act impairing the Company's corporate power or authority (i) to carry on the Company's business as now conducted, and (ii) to execute or deliver this Agreement or any other document delivered in connection herewith, including, without limitation, any UCC-1 Financing Statements required by the Secured Party to which it is or will be a party, or perform any of its obligations hereunder or thereunder. For purpose of this Agreement, the term "Material Adverse Effect" shall mean any material and adverse affect as determined by Secured Party in its sole discretion, whether individually or in the aggregate, upon (a) the Company's assets, business, operations, properties or condition, financial or otherwise; (b) the Company's to make payment as and when due of all or any part of the Obligations; or (c) the Pledged Property. Section 6.2. Financial Statements and Reports. The Company shall furnish to the Secured Party within a reasonable time such financial data as the Secured Party may reasonably request, including, without limitation, the following financial data: a) The balance sheet of the Company as of the close of each fiscal year, the statement of earnings and retained earnings of the Company as of the close of such fiscal year, and statement of cash flows for the Company for such fiscal year, all in reasonable detail, prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied, certified by the chief executive and chief financial officers of the Company as being true and correct and accompanied by a certificate of the chief executive and chief financial officers of the Company, stating that the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled each covenant, term and condition of this Agreement during such fiscal year and that no Event of Default hereunder has occurred and is continuing, or if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, specifying the nature of same, the period of existence of same and the action the Company proposes to take in connection therewith; b) A balance sheet of the Company as of the close of each month, and statement of earnings and retained earnings of the Company as of the close of such month, all in reasonable detail, and prepared substantially in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied, certified by the chief executive and chief financial officers of the Company as being true and correct; and c) Copies of all accountants' reports and accompanying financial reports submitted to the Company by independent accountants in connection with each annual examination of the Company. Section 6.3. Accounts and Reports. The Company shall maintain a standard system of accounting in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied and provide, at its sole expense, to the Secured Party the following: (a) as soon as available, a copy of any notice or other communication alleging any nonpayment or other material breach or default, or any foreclosure or other action respecting any material portion of its assets and properties, received respecting any of the indebtedness of the Company in excess of $15,000 (other than the Obligations), or any demand or other request for payment under any guaranty, assumption, purchase agreement or similar agreement or arrangement respecting the indebtedness or obligations of others in excess of $15,000, including any received from any person acting on behalf of the Secured Party or beneficiary thereof; and (b) within fifteen (15) days after the making of each submission or filing, a copy of any report, financial statement, notice or other document, whether periodic or otherwise, submitted to the shareholders of the Company, or submitted to or filed by the Company with any governmental authority involving or affecting (i) the Company that could have a Material Adverse Effect; (ii) the Obligations; (iii) any part of the Pledged Collateral; or (iv) any of the transactions contemplated in this Agreement or the Loan Instruments. Section 6.4. Maintenance of Books and Records; Inspection. The Company shall maintain its books, accounts and records in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied, and permit the Secured Party, its officers and employees and any professionals designated by the Secured Party in writing, at any time to visit and inspect any of its properties (including but not limited to the collateral security described in the Transaction Documents and/or the Loan Instruments), corporate books and financial records, and to discuss its accounts, affairs and finances with any employee, officer or director thereof. Section 6.5. Maintenance and Insurance. (a) The Company shall maintain or cause to be maintained, at its own expense, all of its assets and properties in good working order and condition, making all necessary repairs thereto and renewals and replacements thereof. (b) The Company shall maintain or cause to be maintained, at its own expense, insurance in form, substance and amounts (including deductibles), which the Company deems reasonably necessary to the Company's business, (i) adequate to insure all assets and properties of the Company, which assets and properties are of a character usually insured by persons engaged in the same or similar business against loss or damage resulting from fire or other risks included in an extended coverage policy; (ii) against public liability and other tort claims that may be incurred by the Company; (iii) as may be required by the Transaction Documents and/or applicable law and (iv) as may be reasonably requested by Secured Party, all with adequate, financially sound and reputable insurers. Section 6.6. Contracts and Other Collateral. The Company shall perform all of its obligations under or with respect to each instrument, receivable, contract and other intangible included in the Pledged Property to which the Company is now or hereafter will be party on a timely basis and in the manner therein required, including, without limitation, this Agreement. Section 6.7. Defense of Collateral, Etc. The Company shall defend and enforce its right, title and interest in and to any part of: (a) the Pledged Property; and (b) if not included within the Pledged Property, those assets and properties whose loss could have a Material Adverse Effect, the Company shall defend the Secured Party's right, title and interest in and to each and every part of the Pledged Property, each against all manner of claims and demands on a timely basis to the full extent permitted by applicable law. Section 6.8. Payment of Debts, Taxes, Etc. The Company shall pay, or cause to be paid, all of its indebtedness and other liabilities and perform, or cause to be performed, all of its obligations in accordance with the respective terms thereof, and pay and discharge, or cause to be paid or discharged, all taxes, assessments and other governmental charges and levies imposed upon it, upon any of its assets and properties on or before the last day on which the same may be paid without penalty, as well as pay all other lawful claims (whether for services, labor, materials, supplies or otherwise) as and when due Section 6.9. Taxes and Assessments; Tax Indemnity. The Company shall (a) file all tax returns and appropriate schedules thereto that are required to be filed under applicable law, prior to the date of delinquency, (b) pay and discharge all taxes, assessments and governmental charges or levies imposed upon the Company, upon its income and profits or upon any properties belonging to it, prior to the date on which penalties attach thereto, and (c) pay all taxes, assessments and governmental charges or levies that, if unpaid, might become a lien or charge upon any of its properties; provided, however, that the Company in good faith may contest any such tax, assessment, governmental charge or levy described in the foregoing clauses (b) and (c) so long as appropriate reserves are maintained with respect thereto. Section 6.10. Compliance with Law and Other Agreements. The Company shall maintain its business operations and property owned or used in connection therewith in compliance with (a) all applicable federal, state and local laws, regulations and ordinances governing such business operations and the use and ownership of such property, and (b) all agreements, licenses, franchises, indentures and mortgages to which the Company is a party or by which the Company or any of its properties is bound. Without limiting the foregoing, the Company shall pay all of its indebtedness promptly in accordance with the terms thereof. Section 6.11. Notice of Default. The Company shall give written notice to the Secured Party of the occurrence of any default or Event of Default under this Agreement, the Transaction Documents or any other Loan Instrument or any other agreement of Company for the payment of money, promptly upon the occurrence thereof. Section 6.12. Notice of Litigation. The Company shall give notice, in writing, to the Secured Party of (a) any actions, suits or proceedings wherein the amount at issue is in excess of $50,000, instituted by any persons against the Company, or affecting any of the assets of the Company, and (b) any dispute, not resolved within fifteen (15) days of the commencement thereof, between the Company on the one hand and any governmental or regulatory body on the other hand, which might reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on the business operations or financial condition of the Company. ARTICLE 7. NEGATIVE COVENANTS The Company covenants and agrees that, from the date hereof until the Obligations have been fully paid and satisfied, the Company shall not, unless the Secured Party shall consent otherwise in writing: Section 7.1. Indebtedness. The Company shall not directly or indirectly permit, create, incur, assume, permit to exist, increase, renew or extend on or after the date hereof any indebtedness on its part, including commitments, contingencies and credit availabilities, or apply for or offer or agree to do any of the foregoing other than the extension of or amendment of the Company's currently outstanding convertible subordinated notes or in connection with a transaction whereby the Convertible Debentures will be retired. Section 7.2. Liens and Encumbrances. The Company shall not directly or indirectly make, create, incur, assume or permit to exist any assignment, transfer, pledge, mortgage, security interest or other lien or encumbrance of any nature in, to or against any part of the Pledged Property or of the Company's capital stock, or offer or agree to do so, or own or acquire or agree to acquire any asset or property of any character subject to any of the foregoing encumbrances (including any conditional sale contract or other title retention agreement), or assign, pledge or in any way transfer or encumber its right to receive any income or other distribution or proceeds from any part of the Pledged Property or the Company's capital stock; or enter into any sale-leaseback financing respecting any part of the Pledged Property as lessee, or cause or assist the inception or continuation of any of the foregoing other than in connection with its currently outstanding lease lines of credit. Section 7.3. Management, Ownership. The Company shall not materially change its ownership, executive staff or management without the prior written consent of the Secured Party. The ownership, executive staff and management of the Company are material factors in the Secured Party's willingness to institute and maintain a lending relationship with the Company. Section 7.4. Dividends, Etc. The Company shall not declare or pay any dividend of any kind, in cash or in property, on any class of its capital stock, nor purchase, redeem, retire or otherwise acquire for value any shares of such stock, nor make any distribution of any kind in respect thereof, nor make any return of capital to shareholders, nor make any payments in respect of any pension, profit sharing (other than standard 401(k) matching) or retirement plan (except as required or permitted hereunder), without the prior written consent of the Secured Party. Section 7.5. Guaranties; Loans. The Company shall not guarantee nor be liable in any manner, whether directly or indirectly, or become contingently liable after the date of this Agreement in connection with the obligations or indebtedness of any person or persons, except for (i) the indebtedness currently secured by the liens identified on the Pledged Property identified on Exhibit A hereto and (ii) the endorsement of negotiable instruments payable to the Company for deposit or collection in the ordinary course of business. The Company shall not make any loan, advance or extension of credit to any person other than in the normal course of its business. Section 7.6. Debt. The Company shall not create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any additional indebtedness of any description whatsoever in an aggregate amount in excess of $25,000 (excluding any indebtedness of the Company to the Secured Party, trade accounts payable and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business and the endorsement of negotiable instruments payable to the Company, respectively for deposit or collection in the ordinary course of business). Section 7.7. Conduct of Business. The Company will continue to engage, in an efficient and economical manner, in a business of the same general type as conducted by it on the date of this Agreement. Section 7.8. Places of Business. The location of the Company's chief place of business is 2600 Stemmons Freeway, Suite 176, Dallas TX 75207. The Company shall not change the location of its chief place of business, chief executive office or any place of business disclosed to the Secured Party or move any of the Pledged Property from its current location without thirty (30) days' prior written notice to the Secured Party in each instance. ARTICLE 8. MISCELLANEOUS Section 8.1. Notices. All notices or other communications required or permitted to be given pursuant to this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be considered as duly given on: (a) the date of delivery, if delivered in person, by nationally recognized overnight delivery service or (b) five (5) days after mailing if mailed from within the continental United States by certified mail, return receipt requested to the party entitled to receive the same: If to the Secured Party: Cornell Capital Partners, LP 101 Hudson Street-Suite 3700 Jersey City, New Jersey 07302 Attention: Mark Angelo Portfolio Manager Telephone: (201) 986-8300 Facsimile: (201) 985-8266 With a copy to: Troy Rillo, Esq. 101 Hudson Street, Suite 3700 Jersey City, NJ 07302 Telephone: (201) 985-8300 Facsimile: (201) 985-8266 And if to the Company: Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2600 Stemmons Freeway, Suite 176 Dallas, TX 75207 Attention: Kerry P. Grey Telephone: (214) 905-5100 Facsimile: (214) 905-5101 With a copy to: Bingham McCutchen LLP 150 Federal Street Boston, MA 02110-1726 Attention: John J. Concannon, Esq. Telephone: (617) 951-8874 Facsimile: (617) 951-8736 Any party may change its address by giving notice to the other party stating its new address. Commencing on the tenth (10th) day after the giving of such notice, such newly designated address shall be such party's address for the purpose of all notices or other communications required or permitted to be given pursuant to this Agreement. Section 8.2. Severability. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held invalid or unenforceable, such invalidity or unenforceability shall attach only to such provision and shall not in any manner affect or render invalid or unenforceable any other severable provision of this Agreement, and this Agreement shall be carried out as if any such invalid or unenforceable provision were not contained herein. Section 8.3. Expenses. In the event of an Event of Default, the Company will pay to the Secured Party the amount of any and all reasonable expenses, including the reasonable fees and expenses of its counsel, which the Secured Party may incur in connection with: (i) the custody or preservation of, or the sale, collection from, or other realization upon, any of the Pledged Property; (ii) the exercise or enforcement of any of the rights of the Secured Party hereunder or (iii) the failure by the Company to perform or observe any of the provisions hereof. Section 8.4. Waivers, Amendments, Etc. The Secured Party's delay or failure at any time or times hereafter to require strict performance by Company of any undertakings, agreements or covenants shall not waiver, affect, or diminish any right of the Secured Party under this Agreement to demand strict compliance and performance herewith. Any waiver by the Secured Party of any Event of Default shall not waive or affect any other Event of Default, whether such Event of Default is prior or subsequent thereto and whether of the same or a different type. None of the undertakings, agreements and covenants of the Company contained in this Agreement, and no Event of Default, shall be deemed to have been waived by the Secured Party, nor may this Agreement be amended, changed or modified, unless such waiver, amendment, change or modification is evidenced by an instrument in writing specifying such waiver, amendment, change or modification and signed by the Secured Party. Section 8.5. Continuing Security Interest. This Agreement shall create a continuing security interest in the Pledged Property and shall: (i) remain in full force and effect until payment in full of the Obligations; and (ii) be binding upon the Company and its successors and heirs and (iii) inure to the benefit of the Secured Party and its successors and assigns. Upon the payment or satisfaction in full of the Obligations, the Company shall be entitled to the return, at its expense, of such of the Pledged Property as shall not have been sold in accordance with Section 5.2 hereof or otherwise applied pursuant to the terms hereof. Section 8.6. Independent Representation. Each party hereto acknowledges and agrees that it has received or has had the opportunity to receive independent legal counsel of its own choice and that it has been sufficiently apprised of its rights and responsibilities with regard to the substance of this Agreement. Section 8.7. Applicable Law: Jurisdiction. This Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of New Jersey without regard to the principles of conflict of laws. The parties further agree that any action between them shall be heard in Hudson County, New Jersey, and expressly consent to the jurisdiction and venue of the Superior Court of New Jersey, sitting in Hudson County and the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey sitting in Newark, New Jersey for the adjudication of any civil action asserted pursuant to this Paragraph. Section 8.8. Waiver of Jury Trial. AS A FURTHER INDUCEMENT FOR THE SECURED PARTY TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT AND TO MAKE THE FINANCIAL ACCOMMODATIONS TO THE COMPANY, THE COMPANY HEREBY WAIVES ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING RELATED IN ANY WAY TO THIS AGREEMENT AND/OR ANY AND ALL OTHER DOCUMENTS RELATED TO THIS TRANSACTION. Section 8.9. Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement among the parties and supersedes any prior agreement or understanding among them with respect to the subject matter hereof. [REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written. CORNELL CAPITAL PARTNERS, LP By: Yorkville Advisors, LLC Its: General Partner By:/s/ Mark Angelo - -------------------- Name: Mark Angelo Title: Portfolio Manager HIGHGATE HOUSE FUNDS, LTD By: Yorkville Advisors, LLC Its: General Partner By: /s/ Mark Angelo - -------------------- Name: Mark Angelo Title: Portfolio Manager ACCESS PHARMACEUTICAL, INC. By: /s/ Kerry P. Gray - ---------------------- Name:Kerry P. Gray Title: President and Chief Executive Officer ESCROW AGENT By: /s/ David Gonzalez - -------------------------- Name: David Gonzalez, Esq. EXHIBIT A DEFINITION OF PLEDGED PROPERTY For the purpose of securing prompt and complete payment and performance by the Company of all of the Obligations, the Company unconditionally and irrevocably hereby grants to the Secured Party a continuing security interest in and to, and lien upon, the following Pledged Property of the Company: (a) all goods of the Company, including, without limitation, machinery, equipment, furniture, furnishings, fixtures, signs, lights, tools, parts, supplies and motor vehicles of every kind and description, now or hereafter owned by the Company or in which the Company may have or may hereafter acquire any interest, and all replacements, additions, accessions, substitutions and proceeds thereof, arising from the sale or disposition thereof, and where applicable, the proceeds of insurance and of any tort claims involving any of the foregoing; (b) all inventory of the Company, including, but not limited to, all goods, wares, merchandise, parts, supplies, finished products, other tangible personal property, including such inventory as is temporarily out of Company's custody or possession and including any returns upon any accounts or other proceeds, including insurance proceeds, resulting from the sale or disposition of any of the foregoing; (c) all contract rights and general intangibles of the Company, including, without limitation, goodwill, trademarks, trade styles, trade names, leasehold interests, partnership or joint venture interests, patents and patent applications, copyrights, deposit accounts whether now owned or hereafter created; (d) all documents, warehouse receipts, instruments and chattel paper of the Company whether now owned or hereafter created; (e) all accounts and other receivables, instruments or other forms of obligations and rights to payment of the Company (herein collectively referred to as "Accounts"), together with the proceeds thereof, all goods represented by such Accounts and all such goods that may be returned by the Company's customers, and all proceeds of any insurance thereon, and all guarantees, securities and liens which the Company may hold for the payment of any such Accounts including, without limitation, all rights of stoppage in transit, replevin and reclamation and as an unpaid vendor and/or lienor, all of which the Company represents and warrants will be bona fide and existing obligations of its respective customers, arising out of the sale of goods by the Company in the ordinary course of business; (f) to the extent assignable, all of the Company's rights under all present and future authorizations, permits, licenses and franchises issued or granted in connection with the operations of any of its facilities; (g) all products and proceeds (including, without limitation, insurance proceeds) from the above-described Pledged Property. EX-10.32 11 r10q-580.txt PLEDGE AND ESCROW AGREEMENT EXHIBIT 10.32 PLEDGE AND ESCROW AGREEMENT THIS PLEDGE AND ESCROW AGREEMENT (the "Agreement") is made and entered into as of March 30, 2005 (the "Effective Date") by and among CORNELL CAPITAL PARTNERS, LP, HIGHGATE HOUSE FUNDS, LTD. (collectively, the "Pledgee"), ACCESS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (the "Pledgor"), and DAVID GONZALEZ, ESQ., as escrow agent ("Escrow Agent"). RECITALS: WHEREAS, in order to secure the Company's obligations under the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Convertible Debentures, the Security Agreement, this Agreement and the Escrow Agreement all of even date herewith (collectively referred to as the "Transaction Documents"), the Pledgor has agreed to pledge to the Pledgee up to Two Million Eight Hundred Ninety Thousand Seven Hundred Twenty Three (2,891,723) shares (the "Pledged Shares") of the Pledgor's common stock. WHEREAS, subject to the terms of the Convertible Debentures, the Pledgee has the right to convert at any time until payment in full, the Convertible Debentures into an aggregate of up to 658,250 shares of the Pledgor's common stock (the "Conversion Shares"). NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants, agreements, warranties, and representations herein contained, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows: TERMS AND CONDITIONS 1. Pledge and Transfer of Pledged Shares. 1.1. The Pledgor hereby grants to Pledgee a security interest in all Pledged Shares as security for Pledgor's obligations under the Convertible Debentures. Simultaneously with the execution of the Transaction Documents, the Pledgor shall deliver to the Escrow Agent stock certificates representing the Pledged Shares, together with duly executed stock powers or other appropriate transfer documents executed in blank by the Pledgor (the "Transfer Documents"), and such stock certificates and Transfer Documents shall be held by the Escrow Agent until the full payment of all amounts due to the Pledgee under the Convertible Debentures and through repayment in accordance with the terms of the Convertible Debentures, or the termination or expiration of this Agreement. 1.2. Adjustment to Pledged Shares. Upon each conversion by the Pledgee into Conversion Shares, the Pledgor shall provide written notice to the Escrow Agent, with a copy to the Pledgee, of the number of Conversion Shares issued to the Pledgee pursuant to such conversion and the number of Pledged Shares pursuant to this agreement shall be reduced, share for share, by the number of Conversion Shares issued to the Pledgee (if required by the applicable rules of the American Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq). 2. Rights Relating to Pledged Shares. Prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default (as defined herein), the Pledged Shares shall not be, or be deemed to be, issued or outstanding shares of the Pledgor and neither the Pledgee nor any other person shall be entitled to vote, receive dividends and other distributions thereon, and enjoy all other rights and privileges incident to the ownership of the number of Pledged Shares actually released from escrow in accordance with Section 5.1. 3. Release of Pledged Shares from Pledge. Upon the payment of all amounts due to the Pledgee under the Convertible Debentures by repayment or conversion in accordance with the terms of the Convertible Debenture, the parties hereto shall notify the Escrow Agent to such effect in writing. Upon receipt of such written notice for payment of the amounts due to the Pledgee under the Convertible Debentures, the Escrow Agent shall return to the Pledgor the Transfer Documents and the certificates representing the Pledged Shares, (collectively the "Pledged Materials), whereupon any and all rights of Pledgee in the Pledged Materials shall be terminated. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, upon full payment of all amounts due to the Pledgee under the Convertible Debentures, by repayment or conversion in accordance with the terms of the Convertible Debenture, this Agreement and Pledgee's security interest and rights in and to the Pledged Shares shall terminate. 4. Event of Default. An "Event of Default" shall be deemed to have occurred under this Agreement upon an Event of Default under the Transaction Documents. 5. Remedies. 5.1. Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, the Pledgee shall provide written notice of such Default (the "Default Notice") to the Escrow Agent, with a copy to the Pledgor. As soon as practicable after receipt of the Default Notice, the Escrow Agent shall deliver to Pledgee the Pledged Materials held by the Escrow Agent hereunder, whereupon Pledgee may sell the number of Pledged Shares of which the proceeds from such sales, net of any selling commissions, are sufficient to repay all amounts owed to the Pledgee including, without limitation, outstanding principal, interest, legal fees, and any other amounts owed to the Pledgee and exercise all other rights and remedies of a secured party with respect to such property as may be available under the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in the State of New Jersey. To the extent that the net proceeds received by the Pledgee are less than the amounts it is owed, the Pledgee shall be entitled to a deficiency judgment for such amount and shall be entitled to proceed against any other collateral. The Pledgee shall have the absolute right to sell or dispose of the Pledged Shares in any manner it sees fit and shall have no liability to the Pledgor or any other party for selling or disposing of such Pledged Shares even if other methods of sales or dispositions would or allegedly would result in greater proceeds than the method actually used. The Escrow Agent shall have the absolute right to disburse the Pledged Shares to the Pledgee in batches not to exceed 9.9% of the outstanding capital of the Company. The Pledgee shall return any Pledged Shares released to it and remaining after the Pledgee has applied the net proceeds to all amounts owed to the Pledgee. The Pledgee shall be entitled to vote, receive dividends and other distributions thereon, and enjoy all other rights and privileges incident to the ownership of the number of Pledged Shares actually released from escrow in accordance with this Section 5.1 5.2. Demand Registration Rights. In addition to all other remedies available to the Pledgee, upon an Event of Default, the Pledgor shall promptly, but in no event more than thirty (30) days after the date of the Default Notice, file a registration statement to register with the Securities and Exchange Commission the Pledged Shares for the resale by the Pledgee. The Pledgor shall cause the registration statement to remain in effect until all of the Pledged Shares have been sold by the Pledgee or until they are eligible for sale pursuant to Rule 144(k). 6. Concerning the Escrow Agent. 6.1. The Escrow Agent undertakes to perform only such duties as are expressly set forth herein and no implied duties or obligations shall be read into this Agreement against the Escrow Agent. 6.2. The Escrow Agent may act in reliance upon any writing or instrument or signature which it, in good faith, believes to be genuine, may assume the validity and accuracy of any statement or assertion contained in such a writing or instrument, and may assume that any person purporting to give any writing, notice, advice or instructions in connection with the provisions hereof has been duly authorized to do so. The Escrow Agent shall not be liable in any manner for the sufficiency or correctness as to form, manner, and execution, or validity of any instrument deposited in this escrow, nor as to the identity, authority, or right of any person executing the same; and its duties hereunder shall be limited to the safekeeping of such certificates, monies, instruments, or other document received by it as such escrow holder, and for the disposition of the same in accordance with the written instruments accepted by it in the escrow. 6.3. Pledgee and the Pledgor hereby agree, to defend and indemnify the Escrow Agent and hold it harmless from any and all claims, liabilities, losses, actions, suits, or proceedings at law or in equity, or any other expenses, fees, or charges of any character or nature which it may incur or with which it may be threatened by reason of its acting as Escrow Agent under this Agreement; and in connection therewith, to indemnify the Escrow Agent against any and all expenses, including attorneys' fees and costs of defending any action, suit, or proceeding or resisting any claim (and any costs incurred by the Escrow Agent pursuant to Sections 6.4 or 6.5 hereof). The Escrow Agent shall be vested with a lien on all property deposited hereunder, for indemnification of attorneys' fees and court costs regarding any suit, proceeding or otherwise, or any other expenses, fees, or charges of any character or nature, which may be incurred by the Escrow Agent by reason of disputes arising between the makers of this escrow as to the correct interpretation of this Agreement and instructions given to the Escrow Agent hereunder, or otherwise, with the right of the Escrow Agent, regardless of the instructions aforesaid, to hold said property until and unless said additional expenses, fees, and charges shall be fully paid. Any fees and costs charged by the Escrow Agent for serving hereunder shall be paid by the Pledgor. 6.4. If any of the parties shall be in disagreement about the interpretation of this Agreement, or about the rights and obligations, or the propriety of any action contemplated by the Escrow Agent hereunder, the Escrow Agent may, at its sole discretion deposit the Pledged Materials with the Clerk of the United States District Court of New Jersey, sitting in Newark, New Jersey, and, upon notifying all parties concerned of such action, all liability on the part of the Escrow Agent shall fully cease and terminate. The Escrow Agent shall be indemnified by the Pledgor, the Company and Pledgee for all costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees in connection with the aforesaid proceeding, and shall be fully protected in suspending all or a part of its activities under this Agreement until a final decision or other settlement in the proceeding is received. 6.5. The Escrow Agent may consult with counsel of its own choice (and the costs of such counsel shall be paid by the Pledgor and Pledgee) and shall have full and complete authorization and protection for any action taken or suffered by it hereunder in good faith and in accordance with the opinion of such counsel. The Escrow Agent shall not be liable for any mistakes of fact or error of judgment, or for any actions or omissions of any kind, unless caused by its willful misconduct or gross negligence. 6.6. The Escrow Agent may resign upon ten (10) days' written notice to the parties in this Agreement. If a successor Escrow Agent is not appointed within this ten (10) day period, the Escrow Agent may petition a court of competent jurisdiction to name a successor. 6.7 Conflict Waiver. The Pledgor hereby acknowledges that the Escrow Agent is general counsel to the Pledgee, a partner in the general partner of the Pledgee, and counsel to the Pledgee in connection with the transactions contemplated and referred herein. The Pledgor agrees that in the event of any dispute arising in connection with this Agreement or otherwise in connection with any transaction or agreement contemplated and referred herein, the Escrow Agent shall be permitted to continue to represent the Pledgee and the Pledgor will not seek to disqualify such counsel and waives any objection Pledgor might have with respect to the Escrow Agent acting as the Escrow Agent pursuant to this Agreement. 6.8 Notices. Unless otherwise provided herein, all demands, notices, consents, service of process, requests and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be delivered in person or by overnight courier service, or mailed by certified mail, return receipt requested, addressed: If to the Pledgor, to: Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2600 Stemmons Freeway, Suite 176 Dallas, TX 75207 Attention: Kerry P. Gray Telephone: (214) 905-5100 Facsimile: (214) 905-5101 With a copy to: Bingham McCutchen 150 Federal Street Boston, MA 02110-1726 Attention: John J. Concannon, Esq. Telephone: (617) 951-8874 Facsimile: (617) 951-8736 If to the Pledgee: Cornell Capital Partners LP 101 Hudson Street, Suite 3700 Jersey City, NJ 07302 Attention: Mark A. Angelo Telephone: (201) 985-8300 Facsimile: (201) 985-8744 With copy to: Troy Rillo, Esq. 101 Hudson Street, Suite 3700 Jersey City, NJ 07302 Telephone: (201) 985-8300 Facsimile: (201) 985-1964 Any such notice shall be effective (a) when delivered, if delivered by hand delivery or overnight courier service, or (b) five (5) days after deposit in the United States mail, as applicable. 7. Binding Effect. All of the covenants and obligations contained herein shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the respective parties, their successors and assigns. 8. Governing Law; Venue; Service of Process. The validity, interpretation and performance of this Agreement shall be determined in accordance with the laws of the State of New Jersey applicable to contracts made and to be performed wholly within that state except to the extent that Federal law applies. The parties hereto agree that any disputes, claims, disagreements, lawsuits, actions or controversies of any type or nature whatsoever that, directly or indirectly, arise from or relate to this Agreement, including, without limitation, claims relating to the inducement, construction, performance or termination of this Agreement, shall be brought in the state superior courts located in Hudson County, New Jersey or Federal district courts located in Newark, New Jersey, and the parties hereto agree not to challenge the selection of that venue in any such proceeding for any reason, including, without limitation, on the grounds that such venue is an inconvenient forum. The parties hereto specifically agree that service of process may be made, and such service of process shall be effective if made, pursuant to Section 8 hereto. 9. Enforcement Costs. If any legal action or other proceeding is brought for the enforcement of this Agreement, or because of an alleged dispute, breach, default or misrepresentation in connection with any provisions of this Agreement, the successful or prevailing party or parties shall be entitled to recover reasonable attorneys' fees, court costs and all expenses even if not taxable as court costs (including, without limitation, all such fees, costs and expenses incident to appeals), incurred in that action or proceeding, in addition to any other relief to which such party or parties may be entitled. 10. Remedies Cumulative. No remedy herein conferred upon any party is intended to be exclusive of any other remedy, and each and every such remedy shall be cumulative and shall be in addition to every other remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law, in equity, by statute, or otherwise. No single or partial exercise by any party of any right, power or remedy hereunder shall preclude any other or further exercise thereof. 11. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute the same instrument. 12. No Penalties. No provision of this Agreement is to be interpreted as a penalty upon any party to this Agreement. 13. JURY TRIAL. EACH OF THE PLEDGEE AND THE PLEDGOR HEREBY KNOWINGLY, VOLUNTARILY AND INTENTIONALLY WAIVES THE RIGHT WHICH IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY OF ANY CLAIM, DEMAND, ACTION OR CAUSE OF ACTION BASED HEREON, OR ARISING OUT OF, UNDER OR IN ANY WAY CONNECTED WITH THE DEALINGS BETWEEN PLEDGEE AND PLEDGOR, THIS PLEDGE AND ESCROW AGREEMENT OR ANY DOCUMENT EXECUTED IN CONNECTION HEREWITH, OR ANY COURSE OF CONDUCT, COURSE OF DEALING, STATEMENTS (WHETHER ORAL OR WRITTEN) OR ACTIONS OF ANY PARTY HERETO OR THERETO IN EACH CASE WHETHER NOW EXISTING OR HEREAFTER ARISING, AND WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, EQUITY OR OTHERWISE. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have duly executed this Pledge and Escrow Agreement as of the date first above written. CORNELL CAPITAL PARTNERS, LP By: Yorkville Advisors, LLC Its: General Partner By: /s/ Mark Angelo Name: Mark Angelo Title: Portfolio Manager HIGHGATE HOUSE FUNDS, LTD By: Yorkville Advisors, LLC Its: General Partner By: /s/ Mark Angelo Name: Mark Angelo Title: Portfolio Manager ACCESS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. By: /s/ Kerry P. Gray Name: Kerry P. Gray Title: President and Chief Executive Officer ESCROW AGENT By: /s/ David Gonzalez Name: David Gonzalez, Esq. EX-10.33 12 r10q-581.txt ESCROW AGREEMENT Exhibit 10.33 ESCROW AGREEMENT THIS ESCROW AGREEMENT (this "Agreement") is made and entered into as of March 30, 2005 by and among ACCESS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"); the Buyer(s) listed in the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated the date hereof (also referred to as the "Investor(s)"), and DAVID GONZALEZ, ESQ., as Escrow Agent hereunder (the "Escrow Agent"). BACKGROUND WHEREAS, the Company and the Investor(s) have entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the "Securities Purchase Agreement"), dated as of the date hereof, pursuant to which the Company proposes to sell secured convertible debentures (the "Convertible Debentures") which shall be convertible into the Company's Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Common Stock"), for a total purchase price of up to Two Million Six Hundred Thirty Three Thousand Dollars ($2,633,000). The Securities Purchase Agreement provides that the Investor(s) shall deposit the purchase amount in a segregated escrow account to be held by Escrow Agent in order to effectuate a disbursement to the Company at a closing to be held as set forth in the Securities Purchase Agreement (the "Closing"). WHEREAS, the Company intends to sell Convertible Securities (the "Offering"). WHEREAS, Escrow Agent has agreed to accept, hold, and disburse the funds deposited with it in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. WHEREAS, in order to establish the escrow of funds and to effect the provisions of the Securities Purchase Agreement, the parties hereto have entered into this Agreement. NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing, it is hereby agreed as follows: 1. Definitions. The following terms shall have the following meanings when used herein: a. "Escrow Funds" shall mean the funds deposited with Escrow Agent pursuant to this Agreement. b. "Joint Written Direction" shall mean a written direction executed by the Investor(s) and the Company directing Escrow Agent to disburse all or a portion of the Escrow Funds or to take or refrain from taking any action pursuant to this Agreement. c. "Escrow Period" shall begin with the commencement of the Offering and shall terminate upon the earlier to occur of the following dates: (i) The date upon which Escrow Agent confirms that it has received in the Escrow Account all of the proceeds of the sale of the Convertible Debentures; (ii) The expiration of twenty (20) days from the date of commencement of the Offering (unless extended by mutual written agreement between the Company and the Investor(s) with a copy of such extension to Escrow Agent); or (iii) The date upon which a determination is made by the Company and the Investor(s) to terminate the Offering prior to the sale of all the Convertible Debentures. During the Escrow Period, the Company and the Investor(s) are aware that they are not entitled to any funds received into escrow and no amounts deposited in the Escrow Account shall become the property of the Company or the Investor(s) or any other entity, or be subject to the debts of the Company or the Investor(s) or any other entity. 2. Appointment of and Acceptance by Escrow Agent. The Investor(s) and the Company hereby appoint Escrow Agent to serve as Escrow Agent hereunder. Escrow Agent hereby accepts such appointment and, upon receipt by wire transfer of the Escrow Funds in accordance with Section 3 below, agrees to hold, invest and disburse the Escrow Funds in accordance with this Agreement. a. The Company hereby acknowledges that the Escrow Agent is general counsel to the Investor(s), a partner in the general partner of the Investor(s), and counsel to the Investor(s) in connection with the transactions contemplated and referred herein. The Company agrees that in the event of any dispute arising in connection with this Escrow Agreement or otherwise in connection with any transaction or agreement contemplated and referred herein, the Escrow Agent shall be permitted to continue to represent the Investor(s) and the Company will not seek to disqualify such counsel. 3. Creation of Escrow Funds. On or prior to the date of the commencement of the Offering, the parties shall establish an escrow account with the Escrow Agent, which escrow account shall be entitled as follows: Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc./Cornell Capital Partners, LP Escrow Account for the deposit of the Escrow Funds. The Investor(s) will instruct subscribers to wire funds to the account of the Escrow Agent as follows: Bank: Wachovia, N.A. of New Jersey Routing #: 031201467 Account #: 2000014931134 Name on Account: David Gonzalez Attorney Trust Account Name on Sub-Account: Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc./Cornell Capital Partners, LP Escrow account 4. Deposits into the Escrow Account. The Investor(s) agrees that they shall promptly deliver funds for the payment of the Convertible Debentures to Escrow Agent for deposit in the Escrow Account. 5. Disbursements from the Escrow Account. a. The Escrow Agent will continue to hold such funds until Cornell Capital Partners, LP on behalf of the Investor(s) and Company execute a Joint Written Direction directing the Escrow Agent to disburse the Escrow Funds pursuant to Joint Written Direction signed by the Company and the Investor(s). In disbursing such funds, Escrow Agent is authorized to rely upon such Joint Written Direction from the Company and the Investor(s) and may accept any signatory from the Company listed on the signature page to this Agreement and any signature from the Investor(s) that the Escrow Agent already has on file. b. In the event Escrow Agent does not receive the amount of the Escrow Funds from the Investor(s), Escrow Agent shall notify the Company and the Investor(s). Upon receipt of payment instructions from the Company, Escrow Agent shall refund to each subscriber without interest the amount received from each Investor(s), without deduction, penalty, or expense to the subscriber. The purchase money returned to each subscriber shall be free and clear of any and all claims of the Company, the Investor(s) or any of their creditors. c. In the event Escrow Agent does receive the amount of the Escrow Funds prior to expiration of the Escrow Period, in no event will the Escrow Funds be released to the Company until such amount is received by Escrow Agent in collected funds. For purposes of this Agreement, the term "collected funds" shall mean all funds received by Escrow Agent which have cleared normal banking channels and are in the form of cash. 6. Collection Procedure. Escrow Agent is hereby authorized to deposit the proceeds of each wire in the Escrow Account. 7. Suspension of Performance: Disbursement Into Court. If at any time, there shall exist any dispute between the Company and the Investor(s) with respect to holding or disposition of any portion of the Escrow Funds or any other obligations of Escrow Agent hereunder, or if at any time Escrow Agent is unable to determine, to Escrow Agent's sole satisfaction, the proper disposition of any portion of the Escrow Funds or Escrow Agent's proper actions with respect to its obligations hereunder, or if the parties have not within thirty (30) days of the furnishing by Escrow Agent of a notice of resignation pursuant to Section 9 hereof, appointed a successor Escrow Agent to act hereunder, then Escrow Agent may, in its sole discretion, take either or both of the following actions: a. suspend the performance of any of its obligations (including without limitation any disbursement obligations) under this Escrow Agreement until such dispute or uncertainty shall be resolved to the sole satisfaction of Escrow Agent or until a successor Escrow Agent shall be appointed (as the case may be); provided however, Escrow Agent shall continue to invest the Escrow Funds in accordance with Section 8 hereof; and/or b. petition (by means of an interpleader action or any other appropriate method) any court of competent jurisdiction in any venue convenient to Escrow Agent, for instructions with respect to such dispute or uncertainty, and to the extent required by law, pay into such court, for holding and disposition in accordance with the instructions of such court, all funds held by it in the Escrow Funds, after deduction and payment to Escrow Agent of all fees and expenses (including court costs and attorneys' fees) payable to, incurred by, or expected to be incurred by Escrow Agent in connection with performance of its duties and the exercise of its rights hereunder. c. Escrow Agent shall have no liability to the Company, the Investor(s), or any person with respect to any such suspension of performance or disbursement into court, specifically including any liability or claimed liability that may arise, or be alleged to have arisen, out of or as a result of any delay in the disbursement of funds held in the Escrow Funds or any delay in with respect to any other action required or requested of Escrow Agent. 8. Investment of Escrow Funds. Escrow Agent shall deposit the Escrow Funds in a non-interest bearing account. If Escrow Agent has not received a Joint Written Direction at any time that an investment decision must be made, Escrow Agent shall maintain the Escrow Funds, or such portion thereof, as to which no Joint Written Direction has been received, in a non-interest bearing account. 9. Resignation and Removal of Escrow Agent. Escrow Agent may resign from the performance of its duties hereunder at any time by giving thirty (30) days' prior written notice to the parties or may be removed, with or without cause, by the parties, acting jointly, by furnishing a Joint Written Direction to Escrow Agent, at any time by the giving of ten (10) days' prior written notice to Escrow Agent as provided herein below. Upon any such notice of resignation or removal, the representatives of the Investor(s) and the Company identified in Sections 13a.(iv) and 13b.(iv), below, jointly shall appoint a successor Escrow Agent hereunder, which shall be a commercial bank, trust company or other financial institution with a combined capital and surplus in excess of $10,000,000.00. Upon the acceptance in writing of any appointment of Escrow Agent hereunder by a successor Escrow Agent, such successor Escrow Agent shall thereupon succeed to and become vested with all the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the retiring Escrow Agent, and the retiring Escrow Agent shall be discharged from its duties and obligations under this Escrow Agreement, but shall not be discharged from any liability for actions taken as Escrow Agent hereunder prior to such succession. After any retiring Escrow Agent's resignation or removal, the provisions of this Escrow Agreement shall inure to its benefit as to any actions taken or omitted to be taken by it while it was Escrow Agent under this Escrow Agreement. The retiring Escrow Agent shall transmit all records pertaining to the Escrow Funds and shall pay all funds held by it in the Escrow Funds to the successor Escrow Agent, after making copies of such records as the retiring Escrow Agent deems advisable and after deduction and payment to the retiring Escrow Agent of all fees and expenses (including court costs and attorneys' fees) payable to, incurred by, or expected to be incurred by the retiring Escrow Agent in connection with the performance of its duties and the exercise of its rights hereunder. 10. Liability of Escrow Agent. a. Escrow Agent shall have no liability or obligation with respect to the Escrow Funds except for Escrow Agent's willful misconduct or gross negligence. Escrow Agent's sole responsibility shall be for the safekeeping, investment, and disbursement of the Escrow Funds in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. Escrow Agent shall have no implied duties or obligations and shall not be charged with knowledge or notice or any fact or circumstance not specifically set forth herein. Escrow Agent may rely upon any instrument, not only as to its due execution, validity and effectiveness, but also as to the truth and accuracy of any information contained herein, which Escrow Agent shall in good faith believe to be genuine, to have been signed or presented by the person or parties purporting to sign the same and conform to the provisions of this Agreement. In no event shall Escrow Agent be liable for incidental, indirect, special, and consequential or punitive damages. Escrow Agent shall not be obligated to take any legal action or commence any proceeding in connection with the Escrow Funds, any account in which Escrow Funds are deposited, this Agreement or the Purchase Agreement, or to appear in, prosecute or defend any such legal action or proceeding. Escrow Agent may consult legal counsel selected by it in any event of any dispute or question as to construction of any of the provisions hereof or of any other agreement or its duties hereunder, or relating to any dispute involving any party hereto, and shall incur no liability and shall be fully indemnified from any liability whatsoever in acting in accordance with the opinion or instructions of such counsel. The Company and the Investor(s) jointly and severally shall promptly pay, upon demand, the reasonable fees and expenses of any such counsel. b. Escrow Agent is hereby authorized, in its sole discretion, to comply with orders issued or process entered by any court with respect to the Escrow Funds, without determination by Escrow Agent of such court's jurisdiction in the matter. If any portion of the Escrow Funds is at any time attached, garnished or levied upon under any court order, or in case the payment, assignment, transfer, conveyance or delivery of any such property shall be stayed or enjoined by any court order, or in any case any order judgment or decree shall be made or entered by any court affecting such property or any part thereof, then and in any such event, Escrow Agent is authorized, in its sole discretion, to rely upon and comply with any such order, writ judgment or decree which it is advised by legal counsel selected by it, binding upon it, without the need for appeal or other action; and if Escrow Agent complies with any such order, writ, judgment or decree, it shall not be liable to any of the parties hereto or to any other person or entity by reason of such compliance even though such order, writ judgment or decree may be subsequently reversed, modified, annulled, set aside or vacated. 11. Indemnification of Escrow Agent. From and at all times after the date of this Agreement, the parties jointly and severally, shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law and to the extent provided herein, indemnify and hold harmless Escrow Agent and each director, officer, employee, attorney, agent and affiliate of Escrow Agent (collectively, the "Indemnified Parties") against any and all actions, claims (whether or not valid), losses, damages, liabilities, costs and expenses of any kind or nature whatsoever (including without limitation reasonable attorney's fees, costs and expenses) incurred by or asserted against any of the Indemnified Parties from and after the date hereof, whether direct, indirect or consequential, as a result of or arising from or in any way relating to any claim, demand, suit, action, or proceeding (including any inquiry or investigation) by any person, including without limitation the parties to this Agreement, whether threatened or initiated, asserting a claim for any legal or equitable remedy against any person under any statute or regulation, including, but not limited to, any federal or state securities laws, or under any common law or equitable cause or otherwise, arising from or in connection with the negotiation, preparation, execution, performance or failure of performance of this Agreement or any transaction contemplated herein, whether or not any such Indemnified Party is a party to any such action or proceeding, suit or the target of any such inquiry or investigation; provided, however, that no Indemnified Party shall have the right to be indemnified hereunder for liability finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction, subject to no further appeal, to have resulted from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnified Party. If any such action or claim shall be brought or asserted against any Indemnified Party, such Indemnified Party shall promptly notify the Company and the Investor(s) hereunder in writing, and the Investor(s) and the Company shall assume the defense thereof, including the employment of counsel and the payment of all expenses. Such Indemnified Party shall, in its sole discretion, have the right to employ separate counsel (who may be selected by such Indemnified Party in its sole discretion) in any such action and to participate and to participate in the defense thereof, and the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be paid by such Indemnified Party, except that the Investor(s) and/or the Company shall be required to pay such fees and expense if (a) the Investor(s) or the Company agree to pay such fees and expenses, or (b) the Investor(s) and/or the Company shall fail to assume the defense of such action or proceeding or shall fail, in the sole discretion of such Indemnified Party, to employ counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Party in any such action or proceeding, (c) the Investor(s) and the Company are the plaintiff in any such action or proceeding or (d) the named or potential parties to any such action or proceeding (including any potentially impleaded parties) include both the Indemnified Party, the Company and/or the Investor(s) and the Indemnified Party shall have been advised by counsel that there may be one or more legal defenses available to it which are different from or additional to those available to the Company or the Investor(s). The Investor(s) and the Company shall be jointly and severally liable to pay fees and expenses of counsel pursuant to the preceding sentence, except that any obligation to pay under clause (a) shall apply only to the party so agreeing. All such fees and expenses payable by the Company and/or the Investor(s) pursuant to the foregoing sentence shall be paid from time to time as incurred, both in advance of and after the final disposition of such action or claim. The obligations of the parties under this section shall survive any termination of this Agreement, and resignation or removal of the Escrow Agent shall be independent of any obligation of Escrow Agent. The parties agree that neither payment by the Company or the Investor(s) of any claim by Escrow Agent for indemnification hereunder shall impair, limit, modify, or affect, as between the Investor(s) and the Company, the respective rights and obligations of Investor(s), on the one hand, and the Company, on the other hand. 12. Expenses of Escrow Agent. Except as set forth in Section 11 the Company shall reimburse Escrow Agent for all of its reasonable out-of- pocket expenses related to its performance of this Agreement, including attorneys' fees, travel expenses, telephone and facsimile transmission costs, postage (including express mail and overnight delivery charges), copying charges and the like. All of the compensation and reimbursement obligations set forth in this Section shall be payable by the Company, upon demand by Escrow Agent. The obligations of the Company under this Section shall survive any termination of this Agreement and the resignation or removal of Escrow Agent. 13. Warranties. a. The Investor(s) makes the following representations and warranties to Escrow Agent: (i) The Investor(s) has full power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder. (ii) This Agreement has been duly approved by all necessary action of the Investor(s), including any necessary approval of the limited partner of the Investor(s) or necessary corporate approval, as applicable, has been executed by duly authorized officers of the Investor(s), enforceable in accordance with its terms. (iii) The execution, delivery, and performance of the Investor(s) of this Agreement will not violate, conflict with, or cause a default under any agreement of limited partnership of Investor(s) or the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the Investor(s) (as applicable), any applicable law or regulation, any court order or administrative ruling or degree to which the Investor(s) is a party or any of its property is subject, or any agreement, contract, indenture, or other binding arrangement. (iv) Mark Angelo has been duly appointed to act as the representative of the Investor(s) hereunder and has full power and authority to execute, deliver, and perform this Escrow Agreement, to execute and deliver any Joint Written Direction, to amend, modify, or waive any provision of this Agreement, and to take any and all other actions as the Investor(s)'s representative under this Agreement, all without further consent or direction form, or notice to, the Investor(s) or any other party. (v) No party other than the parties hereto and the Investor(s)s have, or shall have, any lien, claim or security interest in the Escrow Funds or any part thereof. No financing statement under the Uniform Commercial Code is on file in any jurisdiction claiming a security interest in or describing (whether specifically or generally) the Escrow Funds or any part thereof. (vi) All of the representations and warranties of the Investor(s) contained herein are true and complete as of the date hereof and will be true and complete at the time of any disbursement from the Escrow Funds. b. The Company makes the following representations and warranties to the Escrow Agent: (i) The Company is a corporation duly organized, validly existing, and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware and has full power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder. (ii) This Agreement has been duly approved by all necessary corporate action of the Company, including any necessary shareholder approval, has been executed by duly authorized officers of the Company, enforceable in accordance with its terms. (iii) The execution, delivery, and performance by the Company of this Agreement is in accordance with the Securities Purchase Agreement and will not violate, conflict with, or cause a default under the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of the Company, any applicable law or regulation, any court order or administrative ruling or decree to which the Company is a party or any of its property is subject, or any agreement, contract, indenture, or other binding arrangement, including without limitation to the Securities Purchase Agreement, to which the Company is a party. (iv) Kerry P. Gray has been duly appointed to act as the representative of the Company hereunder and has full power and authority to execute, deliver, and perform this Agreement, to execute and deliver any Joint Written Direction, to amend, modify or waive any provision of this Agreement and to take all other actions as the Company's Representative under this Agreement, all without further consent or direction from, or notice to, the Company or any other party. (v) No party other than the parties hereto and the Investor(s)s have, or shall have, any lien, claim or security interest in the Escrow Funds or any part thereof. No financing statement under the Uniform Commercial Code is on file in any jurisdiction claiming a security interest in or describing (whether specifically or generally) the Escrow Funds or any part thereof. (vi) All of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein are true and complete as of the date hereof and will be true and complete at the time of any disbursement from the Escrow Funds. 14. Consent to Jurisdiction and Venue. In the event that any party hereto commences a lawsuit or other proceeding relating to or arising from this Agreement, the parties hereto agree that the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey shall have the sole and exclusive jurisdiction over any such proceeding. If all such courts lack federal subject matter jurisdiction, the parties agree that the Superior Court Division of New Jersey, Chancery Division of Hudson County shall have sole and exclusive jurisdiction. Any of these courts shall be proper venue for any such lawsuit or judicial proceeding and the parties hereto waive any objection to such venue. The parties hereto consent to and agree to submit to the jurisdiction of any of the courts specified herein and agree to accept the service of process to vest personal jurisdiction over them in any of these courts. 15. Notice. All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been validly served, given or delivered five (5) days after deposit in the United States mails, by certified mail with return receipt requested and postage prepaid, when delivered personally, one (1) day delivered to any overnight courier, or when transmitted by facsimile transmission and upon confirmation of receipt and addressed to the party to be notified as follows: If to Investor(s), to: Cornell Capital Partners, LP 101 Hudson Street - Suite 3700 Jersey City, NJ 07302 Attention: Mark Angelo Portfolio Manager Telephone: (201) 985-8300 Facsimile: (201) 985-8266 If to Escrow Agent, to: Troy Rillo, Esq. 101 Hudson Street - Suite 3700 Jersey City, NJ 07302 Telephone: (201) 985-8300 Facsimile: (201) 985-8266 If to the Company, to: Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2600 Stemmons Freeway, Suite 176 Dallas, TX 75207 Attention: Kerry P. Gray Telephone: (214) 905-5100 Facsimile: (214) 905-5101 With a copy to: Bingham McCutchen LLP 150 Federal Street Boston, MA 02110-1726 Attention: John J. Concannon, Esq. Telephone: (617) 951-8874 Facsimile: (617) 951-8736 Or to such other address as each party may designate for itself by like notice. 16. Amendments or Waiver. This Agreement may be changed, waived, discharged or terminated only by a writing signed by the parties hereto. No delay or omission by any party in exercising any right with respect hereto shall operate as waiver. A waiver on any one occasion shall not be construed as a bar to, or waiver of, any right or remedy on any future occasion. 17. Severability. To the extent any provision of this Agreement is prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition, or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provision or the remaining provisions of this Agreement. 18. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be construed and interpreted in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New Jersey without giving effect to the conflict of laws principles thereof. 19. Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire Agreement between the parties relating to the holding, investment, and disbursement of the Escrow Funds and sets forth in their entirety the obligations and duties of the Escrow Agent with respect to the Escrow Funds. 20. Binding Effect. All of the terms of this Agreement, as amended from time to time, shall be binding upon, inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the respective heirs, successors and assigns of the Investor(s), the Company, or the Escrow Agent. 21. Execution of Counterparts. This Agreement and any Joint Written Direction may be executed in counter parts, which when so executed shall constitute one and same agreement or direction. 22. Termination. Upon the first to occur of the disbursement of all amounts in the Escrow Funds pursuant to Joint Written Directions or the disbursement of all amounts in the Escrow Funds into court pursuant to Section 7 hereof, this Agreement shall terminate and Escrow Agent shall have no further obligation or liability whatsoever with respect to this Agreement or the Escrow Funds. [REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] IN WITNESS WHEREOF the parties have hereunto set their hands and seals the day and year above set forth. ACCESS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. By: /s/ Kerry Gray Name: Kerry Gray Title: Chief Executive Officer CORNELL CAPITAL PARTNERS, LP By: Yorkville Advisors, LLC Its: General Partner By: /s/ Mark Angelo Name: Mark Angelo Its: Portfolio Manager HIGHGATE HOUSE FUNDS, LTD. By: Yorkville Advisors, LLC Its: General Partner By: /s/ Mark Angelo Name: Mark Angelo Title: Portfolio Manager By: /s/ David Gonzalez Name: David Gonzalez, Esq. EX-10.34 13 r10q-582.txt REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT Exhibit 10.34 REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT (this "Agreement"), dated as of March 30, 2005 by and between ACCESS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), and CORNELL CAPITAL PARTNERS, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the "Investor"). WHEREAS: A. In connection with the Standby Equity Distribution Agreement by and between the parties hereto of even date herewith (the "Standby Equity Distribution Agreement"), the Company has agreed, upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Standby Equity Distribution Agreement, to issue and sell to the Investor that number of shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Common Stock"), which can be purchased pursuant to the terms of the Standby Equity Distribution Agreement for an aggregate purchase price of up to Fifteen Million Dollars ($15,000,000). Capitalized terms not defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed to them in the Standby Equity Distribution Agreement. B. To induce the Investor to execute and deliver the Standby Equity Distribution Agreement, the Company has agreed to provide certain registration rights under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder, or any similar successor statute (collectively, the "Securities Act"), and applicable state securities laws. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Investor hereby agree as follows: 1. DEFINITIONS. As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings: a. "Person" means a corporation, a limited liability company, an association, a partnership, an organization, a business, an individual, a governmental or political subdivision thereof or a governmental agency. b."Register," "registered," and "registration" refer to a registration effected by preparing and filing one or more Registration Statements (as defined below) in compliance with the Securities Act and pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act or any successor rule providing for offering securities on a continuous or delayed basis ("Rule 415"), and the declaration or ordering of effectiveness of such Registration Statement(s) by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). c. "Registrable Securities" means the Investor's Shares, as defined in the Standby Equity Distribution Agreement and shares of Common Stock issuable to Investors pursuant to the Standby Equity Distribution Agreement. d. "Registration Statement" means a registration statement under the Securities Act which covers the Registrable Securities. 2. REGISTRATION. a. Mandatory Registration. The Company shall prepare and file with the SEC a Registration Statement on Form S-3, S-1, SB-2 or on such other form as is available. The Company shall cause such Registration Statement to be declared effective by the SEC prior to the first sale to the Investor of the Company's Common Stock pursuant to the Standby Equity Distribution Agreement. b. Sufficient Number of Shares Registered. In the event the number of shares available under a Registration Statement filed pursuant to Section 2(a) is insufficient to cover all of the Registrable Securities which the Investor has purchased pursuant to the Standby Equity Distribution Agreement, the Company shall amend the Registration Statement, or file a new Registration Statement (on the short form available therefore, if applicable), or both, so as to cover all of such Registrable Securities which the Investor has purchased pursuant to the Standby Equity Distribution Agreement as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than fifteen (15) days after the necessity therefore arises. The Company shall use it best efforts to cause such amendment and/or new Registration Statement to become effective as soon as practicable following the filing thereof. For purposes of the foregoing provision, the number of shares available under a Registration Statement shall be deemed "insufficient to cover all of the Registrable Securities" if at any time the number of Registrable Securities issuable on an Advance Notice Date is greater than the number of shares available for resale under such Registration Statement. 3. RELATED OBLIGATIONS. a. The Company shall keep the Registration Statement effective pursuant to Rule 415 at all times until the date on which the Investor shall have sold all the Registrable Securities covered by such Registration Statement or until all shared covered by the Registration Statement may be sold pursuant to Rule 144(k) (the "Registration Period"), which Registration Statement (including any amendments or supplements thereto and prospectuses contained therein) shall not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein, or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading. b. During the Registration Period, the Company shall prepare and file with the SEC such amendments (including post-effective amendments) and supplements to a Registration Statement and the prospectus used in connection with such Registration Statement, which prospectus is to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 promulgated under the Securities Act, as may be necessary to keep such Registration Statement effective at all times during the Registration Period, and, during such period, comply with the provisions of the Securities Act with respect to the disposition of all Registrable Securities of the Company covered by such Registration Statement until such time as all of such Registrable Securities shall have been disposed of in accordance with the intended methods of disposition by the seller or sellers thereof as set forth in such Registration Statement. In the case of amendments and supplements to a Registration Statement which are required to be filed pursuant to this Agreement (including pursuant to this Section 3(b)) by reason of the Company's filing a report on Form 10-K or 10-KSB, Form 10-QSB or 10-Q, or Form 8-K or any analogous report under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), the Company shall have incorporated such report by reference into the Registration Statement, if applicable, or, if required by law, shall, if required by law, rule or regulation, file such amendments or supplements with the SEC on the same day on which the Exchange Act report is filed which created the requirement for the Company to amend or supplement the Registration Statement. c. The Company shall furnish to the Investor without charge, (i) at least one copy of such Registration Statement as declared effective by the SEC and any amendment(s) thereto, including financial statements and schedules, all documents incorporated therein by reference, all exhibits and each preliminary prospectus, (ii) ten (10) copies of the final prospectus included in such Registration Statement and all amendments and supplements thereto (or such other number of copies as such Investor may reasonably request) and (iii) such other documents as such Investor may reasonably request from time to time in order to facilitate the disposition of the Registrable Securities owned by such Investor. d. The Company shall use its best efforts to (i) register and qualify the Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement under such other securities or "blue sky" laws of such jurisdictions in the United States as the Investor reasonably requests, (ii) prepare and file in those jurisdictions, such amendments (including post-effective amendments) and supplements to such registrations and qualifications as may be necessary to maintain the effectiveness thereof during the Registration Period, (iii) take such other actions as may be necessary to maintain such registrations and qualifications in effect at all times during the Registration Period, and (iv) take all other actions reasonably necessary or advisable to qualify the Registrable Securities for sale in such jurisdictions; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required in connection therewith or as a condition thereto to (w) make any change to its certificate of incorporation or by- laws, (x) qualify to do business in any jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to qualify but for this Section 3(d), (y) subject itself to general taxation in any such jurisdiction, or (z) file a general consent to service of process in any such jurisdiction. The Company shall promptly notify the Investor of the receipt by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the registration or qualification of any of the Registrable Securities for sale under the securities or "blue sky" laws of any jurisdiction in the United States or its receipt of actual notice of the initiation or threat of any proceeding for such purpose. e. As promptly as practicable after becoming aware of such event or development, the Company shall notify the Investor in writing of the happening of any event as a result of which the prospectus included in a Registration Statement, as then in effect, includes an untrue statement of a material fact or omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading (provided that in no event shall such notice contain any material, nonpublic information), and promptly prepare a supplement or amendment to such Registration Statement to correct such untrue statement or omission, and deliver ten (10) copies of such supplement or amendment to each Investor. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, if the Company makes such a notification, the Company may suspend the use of any prospectus contained in any Registration Statement for periods not to exceed forty five (45) business days in any three month period or two periods not to exceed an aggregate of ninety (90) business days in any 12 month period in the event that the Company determines, in the exercise of its reasonable discretion, after consultation with outside legal counsel, that sales of Registrable Securities thereunder could constitute violations of the Securities Act due to the Registration Statement containing an untrue statement of a material fact or omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. In each case the Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to remedy the deficiency in the Registration Statement within thirty (30) business days. The Company shall also promptly notify the Investor in writing (i) when a prospectus or any prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment has been filed, and when a Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment has become effective (notification of such effectiveness shall be delivered to the Investor by facsimile on the same day of such effectiveness), (ii) of any request by the SEC for amendments or supplements to a Registration Statement or related prospectus or related information, and (iii) of the Company's reasonable determination that a post-effective amendment to a Registration Statement would be appropriate. f. The Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order or other suspension of effectiveness of a Registration Statement, or the suspension of the qualification of any of the Registrable Securities for sale in any jurisdiction within the United States of America and, if such an order or suspension is issued, to obtain the withdrawal of such order or suspension at the earliest possible moment and to notify the Investor of the issuance of such order and the resolution thereof or its receipt of actual notice of the initiation or threat of any proceeding for such purpose. g. At the reasonable request of the Investor, the Company shall furnish to the Investor, on the date of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement and thereafter from time to time on such dates as the Investor may reasonably request in connection with an underwritten offering (i) a letter, dated such date, from the Company's independent certified public accountants in form and substance as is customarily given by independent certified public accountants to underwriters in an underwritten public offering, and (ii) an opinion, dated as of such date, of counsel representing the Company for purposes of such Registration Statement, in form, scope and substance as is customarily given in an underwritten public offering, addressed to the Investor, provided, however, that no "10b-5 opinion" shall be included in any such opinion. h. The Company shall make available for inspection by (i) the Investor and (ii) one firm of accountants or other agents retained by the Investor (collectively, the "Inspectors") all pertinent financial and other records, and pertinent corporate documents and properties of the Company (collectively, the "Records"), as shall be reasonably deemed necessary by each Inspector, and cause the Company's officers, directors and employees to supply all information which any Inspector may reasonably request; provided, however, that each Inspector shall agree, and the Investor hereby agrees, to hold in strict confidence and shall not make any disclosure (except to an Investor) or use of any Record or other information which the Company determines in good faith to be confidential, and of which determination the Inspectors are so notified, unless (a) the disclosure of such Records is necessary to avoid or correct a misstatement or omission in any Registration Statement or is otherwise required under the Securities Act, (b) the release of such Records is ordered pursuant to a final, non-appealable subpoena or order from a court or government body of competent jurisdiction, or (c) the information in such Records has been made generally available to the public other than by disclosure in violation of this or any other agreement of which the Inspector and the Investor has knowledge. The Investor agrees that it shall, upon learning that disclosure of such Records is sought in or by a court or governmental body of competent jurisdiction or through other means, give prompt notice to the Company and allow the Company, at its expense, to undertake appropriate action to prevent disclosure of, or to obtain a protective order for, the Records deemed confidential. i. The Company shall hold in confidence and not make any disclosure of information concerning the Investor provided to the Company unless (i) disclosure of such information is necessary to comply with federal or state securities laws, (ii) the disclosure of such information is necessary to avoid or correct a misstatement or omission in any Registration Statement, (iii) the release of such information is ordered pursuant to a subpoena or other final, non-appealable order from a court or governmental body of competent jurisdiction, or (iv) such information has been made generally available to the public other than by disclosure in violation of this Agreement or any other agreement. The Company agrees that it shall, upon learning that disclosure of such information concerning the Investor is sought in or by a court or governmental body of competent jurisdiction or through other means, give prompt written notice to the Investor and allow the Investor, at the Investor's expense, to undertake appropriate action to prevent disclosure of, or to obtain a protective order for, such information. j. The Company shall use its best efforts either to cause all the Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement (i) to be listed on each securities exchange on which securities of the same class or series issued by the Company are then listed, if any, if the listing of such Registrable Securities is then permitted under the rules of such exchange or to secure the inclusion for quotation on the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. OTC Bulletin Board for such Registrable Securities. The Company shall pay all fees and expenses in connection with satisfying its obligation under this Section 3(j). k. The Company shall cooperate with the Investor to the extent applicable, to facilitate the timely preparation and delivery of certificates (not bearing any restrictive legend) representing the Registrable Securities to be offered pursuant to a Registration Statement and enable such certificates to be in such denominations or amounts, as the case may be, as the Investor may reasonably request and registered in such names as the Investor may request. l. The Company shall use its best efforts to cause the Registrable Securities covered by the applicable Registration Statement to be registered with or approved by such other governmental agencies or authorities as may be necessary to consummate the disposition of such Registrable Securities. m. The Company shall make generally available to its security holders as soon as practical, but not later than ninety (90) days after the close of the period covered thereby, an earnings statement (in form complying with the provisions of Rule 158 under the Securities Act) covering a twelve-month period beginning not later than the first day of the Company's fiscal quarter next following the effective date of the Registration Statement. n. The Company shall otherwise use its best efforts to comply with all applicable rules and regulations of the SEC in connection with any registration hereunder. o. Within two (2) business days after a Registration Statement which covers Registrable Securities is ordered effective by the SEC, the Company shall deliver, and shall cause legal counsel for the Company to deliver, to the transfer agent for such Registrable Securities (with copies to the Investor) confirmation that such Registration Statement has been declared effective by the SEC in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A. p. The Company shall take all other reasonable actions necessary to expedite and facilitate disposition by the Investor of Registrable Securities pursuant to a Registration Statement. 4. OBLIGATIONS OF THE INVESTOR. (a) The Investor agrees that, upon receipt of any notice from the Company of the happening of any event of the kind described in Section 3(f) or the first sentence of 3(e), the Investor will immediately discontinue disposition of Registrable Securities pursuant to any Registration Statement(s) covering such Registrable Securities until the Investor's receipt of the copies of the supplemented or amended prospectus contemplated by Section 3(e) or receipt of notice that no supplement or amendment is required. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, the Company shall cause its transfer agent to deliver unlegended certificates for shares of Common Stock to a transferee of the Investor in accordance with the terms of the Standby Equity Distribution Agreement in connection with any sale of Registrable Securities with respect to which the Investor has entered into a contract for sale prior to the Investor's receipt of a notice from the Company of the happening of any event of the kind described in Section 3(f) or the first sentence of 3(e) and for which the Investor has not yet settled. (b) Each Investor shall provide the Company with written information concerning the Investor necessary for inclusion in the Registration Statement. 5. EXPENSES OF REGISTRATION. All expenses incurred in connection with registrations, filings or qualifications pursuant to Sections 2 and 3, including, without limitation, all registration, listing and qualifications fees, printers, legal and accounting fees shall be paid by the Company. 6. INDEMNIFICATION. With respect to Registrable Securities which are included in a Registration Statement under this Agreement: a. To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company will, and hereby does, indemnify, hold harmless and defend the Investor, the directors, officers, partners, employees, agents, representatives of, and each Person, if any, who controls the Investor within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act (each, an "Indemnified Person"), against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities, judgments, fines, penalties, charges, costs, reasonable attorneys' fees, amounts paid in settlement or expenses, joint or several (collectively, "Claims") incurred in investigating, preparing or defending any action, claim, suit, inquiry, proceeding, investigation or appeal taken from the foregoing by or before any court or governmental, administrative or other regulatory agency, body or the SEC, whether pending or threatened, whether or not an indemnified party is or may be a party thereto ("Indemnified Damages"), to which any of them may become subject insofar as such Claims (or actions or proceedings, whether commenced or threatened, in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon: (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact in a Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or in any filing made in connection with the qualification of the offering under the securities or other "blue sky" laws of any jurisdiction in which Registrable Securities are offered ("Blue Sky Filing"), or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any final prospectus (as amended or supplemented, if the Company files any amendment thereof or supplement thereto with the SEC) or the omission or alleged omission to state therein any material fact necessary to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances under which the statements therein were made, not misleading; or (iii) any violation or alleged violation by the Company of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, any other law, including, without limitation, any state securities law, or any rule or regulation there under relating to the offer or sale of the Registrable Securities pursuant to a Registration Statement (the matters in the foregoing clauses (i) through (iii) being, collectively, "Violations"). The Company shall reimburse the Investor and each such controlling person promptly as such expenses are incurred and are due and payable, for any legal fees or disbursements or other reasonable expenses incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such Claim. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the indemnification agreement contained in this Section 6(a): (x) shall not apply to a Claim by an Indemnified Person arising out of or based upon a Violation which occurs in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by such Indemnified Person expressly for use in connection with the preparation of the Registration Statement or any such amendment thereof or supplement thereto; (y) shall not be available to the extent such Claim (i) is based on a failure of the Investor to deliver or to cause to be delivered the prospectus made available by the Company, if such prospectus was timely made available by the Company pursuant to Section 3(e) or (ii) is based on the delivery of a defective prospectus after the Investor has been given written notice that such prospectus is defective; and (z) shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any Claim if such settlement is effected without the prior written consent of the Company, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. Such indemnity shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the Indemnified Person. b. In connection with a Registration Statement, the Investor agrees to indemnify, hold harmless and defend, to the same extent and in the same manner as is set forth in Section 6(a), the Company, each of its directors, each of its officers who signs the Registration Statement and each Person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act (each an "Indemnified Party"), against any Claim or Indemnified Damages to which any of them may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise, insofar as such Claim or Indemnified Damages arise out of or is based upon any Violation, in each case to the extent, and only to the extent, that such Violation is a result of any action described in Section 6(a)(x)-(z); and, subject to Section 6(d), the Investor will reimburse any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such Claim; provided, however, that the indemnity agreement contained in this Section 6(b) and the agreement with respect to contribution contained in Section 7 shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any Claim if such settlement is effected without the prior written consent of the Investor, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld; provided, further, however, that the Investor shall be liable under this Section 6(b) for only that amount of a Claim or Indemnified Damages as does not exceed the net proceeds to the Investor as a result of the sale of Registrable Securities pursuant to such Registration Statement. Such indemnity shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of such Indemnified Party. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the indemnification agreement contained in this Section 6(b) with respect to any prospectus shall not inure to the benefit of any Indemnified Party if the untrue statement or omission of material fact contained in the prospectus was corrected and such new prospectus was delivered to the Investor prior to the Investor's use of the prospectus to which the Claim relates. c. Promptly after receipt by an Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party under this Section 6 of notice of the commencement of any action or proceeding (including any governmental action or proceeding) involving a Claim, such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party shall, if a Claim in respect thereof is to be made against any indemnifying party under this Section 6, deliver to the indemnifying party a written notice of the commencement thereof, and the indemnifying party shall have the right to participate in, and, to the extent the indemnifying party so desires, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly noticed, to assume control of the defense thereof with counsel mutually satisfactory to the indemnifying party and the Indemnified Person or the Indemnified Party, as the case may be; provided, however, that an Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party shall have the right to retain its own counsel with the fees and expenses of not more than one counsel for such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party to be paid by the indemnifying party, if, in the reasonable opinion of counsel retained by the indemnifying party, the representation by such counsel of the Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party and the indemnifying party would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party and any other party represented by such counsel in such proceeding. The Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person shall cooperate fully with the indemnifying party in connection with any negotiation or defense of any such action or claim by the indemnifying party and shall furnish to the indemnifying party all information reasonably available to the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person which relates to such action or claim. The indemnifying party shall keep the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person fully apprised at all times as to the status of the defense or any settlement negotiations with respect thereto. No indemnifying party shall be liable for any settlement of any action, claim or proceeding effected without its prior written consent, provided, however, that the indemnifying party shall not unreasonably withhold, delay or condition its consent. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person, consent to entry of any judgment or enter into any settlement or other compromise which does not include as an unconditional term thereof the giving by the claimant or plaintiff to such Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person of a release from all liability in respect to such claim or litigation. Following indemnification as provided for hereunder, the indemnifying party shall be subrogated to all rights of the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person with respect to all third parties, firms or corporations relating to the matter for which indemnification has been made. The failure to deliver written notice to the indemnifying party within a reasonable time of the commencement of any such action shall not relieve such indemnifying party of any liability to the Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party under this Section 6, except to the extent that the indemnifying party is prejudiced in its ability to defend such action. d. The indemnification required by this Section 6 shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense, as and when bills are received or Indemnified Damages are incurred. e. The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to (i) any cause of action or similar right of the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person against the indemnifying party or others, and (ii) any liabilities the indemnifying party may be subject to pursuant to the law. 7. CONTRIBUTION. To the extent any indemnification by an indemnifying party is prohibited or limited by law, the indemnifying party agrees to make the maximum contribution with respect to any amounts for which it would otherwise be liable under Section 6 to the fullest extent permitted by law; provided, however, that: (i) no seller of Registrable Securities guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any seller of Registrable Securities who was not guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation; and (ii) contribution by any seller of Registrable Securities shall be limited in amount to the net amount of proceeds received by such seller from the sale of such Registrable Securities. 8. REPORTS UNDER THE EXCHANGE ACT. With a view to making available to the Investor the benefits of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act or any similar rule or regulation of the SEC that may at any time permit the Investors to sell securities of the Company to the public without registration ("Rule 144") during the Registration Period the Company agrees to: a. make and keep public information available, as those terms are understood and defined in Rule 144; b. file with the SEC in a timely manner all reports and other documents required of the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act so long as the Company remains subject to such requirements (it being understood that nothing herein shall limit the Company's obligations under Section 6.3 of the Standby Equity Distribution Agreement) and the filing of such reports and other documents is required for the applicable provisions of Rule 144; and c. furnish to the Investor so long as the Investor owns Registrable Securities, promptly upon request, (i) a written statement by the Company that it has complied with the reporting requirements of Rule 144, the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, (ii) a copy of the most recent annual or quarterly report of the Company and such other reports and documents so filed by the Company, and (iii) such other information as may be reasonably requested to permit the Investor to sell such securities pursuant to Rule 144 without registration. 9. AMENDMENT OF REGISTRATION RIGHTS. Provisions of this Agreement may be amended and the observance thereof may be waived (either generally or in a particular instance and either retroactively or prospectively), only by a written agreement between the Company and the Investor. Any amendment or waiver effected in accordance with this Section 9 shall be binding upon the Investor and the Company. No consideration shall be offered or paid to any Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of any of this Agreement unless the same consideration also is offered to all of the parties to this Agreement. 10. MISCELLANEOUS. a. A Person is deemed to be a holder of Registrable Securities whenever such Person owns or is deemed to own of record such Registrable Securities. If the Company receives conflicting instructions, notices or elections from two or more Persons with respect to the same Registrable Securities, the Company shall act upon the basis of instructions, notice or election received from the registered owner of such Registrable Securities. b. Any notices, consents, waivers or other communications required or permitted to be given under the terms of this Agreement must be in writing and will be deemed to have been delivered: (i) upon receipt, when delivered personally; (ii) upon receipt, when sent by facsimile (provided confirmation of transmission is mechanically or electronically generated and kept on file by the sending party); or (iii) one business day after deposit with a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, in each case properly addressed to the party to receive the same. The addresses and facsimile numbers for such communications shall be: If to the Company, to: Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2600 Stemmons Freeway, Suite 176 Dallas, TX 75207 Attention: Kerry P. Gray Telephone: (214) 905-5100 Facsimile: (214) 905-5101 With a copy to: Bingham McCutchen LLP 150 Federal Street Boston, MA 02110-1726 Attention: John J. Concannon, Esq. Telephone: (617) 951-8874 Facsimile: (617) 951-8736 If to the Investor, to: Cornell Capital Partners, LP 101 Hudson Street - Suite 3700 Jersey City, New Jersey 07302 Attention: Mark Angelo Portfolio Manager Telephone: (201) 985-8300 Facsimile: (201) 985-8266 With a copy to: Troy Rillo, Esq. 101 Hudson Street - Suite 3700 Jersey City, NJ 07302 Telephone: (201) 985-8300 Facsimile: (201) 985-8266 Any party may change its address by providing written notice to the other parties hereto at least five days prior to the effectiveness of such change. Written confirmation of receipt (A) given by the recipient of such notice, consent, waiver or other communication, (B) mechanically or electronically generated by the sender's facsimile machine containing the time, date, recipient facsimile number and an image of the first page of such transmission or (C) provided by a courier or overnight courier service shall be rebuttable evidence of personal service, receipt by facsimile or receipt from a nationally recognized overnight delivery service in accordance with clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above, respectively. c. Failure of any party to exercise any right or remedy under this Agreement or otherwise, or delay by a party in exercising such right or remedy, shall not operate as a waiver thereof. d. The corporate laws of the State of New Jersey shall govern all issues concerning the relative rights of the Company and the Investor. All other questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Agreement shall be governed by the internal laws of the State of New Jersey, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the State of New Jersey or any other jurisdiction) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the State of New Jersey. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the Superior Courts of the State of New Jersey, sitting in Hudson County, New Jersey and the Federal District Court for the District of New Jersey sitting in Newark, New Jersey, for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum or that the venue of such suit, action or proceeding is improper. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof to such party at the address for such notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law. If any provision of this Agreement shall be invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of this Agreement in that jurisdiction or the validity or enforceability of any provision of this Agreement in any other jurisdiction. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE, AND AGREES NOT TO REQUEST, A JURY TRIAL FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION HEREWITH OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY. e. This Agreement, the Standby Equity Distribution Agreement, the Escrow Agreement, and the Placement Agent Agreement constitute the entire agreement among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof. There are no restrictions, promises, warranties or undertakings, other than those set forth or referred to herein and therein. This Agreement, the Standby Equity Distribution Agreement, the Escrow Agreement, and the Placement Agent Agreement supersede all prior agreements and understandings among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof. f. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the permitted successors and assigns of each of the parties hereto. g. The headings in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not limit or otherwise affect the meaning hereof. h. This Agreement may be executed in identical counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original but all of which shall constitute one and the same agreement. This Agreement, once executed by a party, may be delivered to the other party hereto by facsimile transmission of a copy of this Agreement bearing the signature of the party so delivering this Agreement. i. Each party shall do and perform, or cause to be done and performed, all such further acts and things, and shall execute and deliver all such other agreements, certificates, instruments and documents, as the other party may reasonably request in order to carry out the intent and accomplish the purposes of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby. j. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent and no rules of strict construction will be applied against any party. k. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective permitted successors and assigns, and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person. [REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Registration Rights Agreement to be duly executed as of day and year first above written. COMPANY: ACCESS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. By:/s/ Kerry P. Gray Name: Kerry P. Gray Title:President and Chief Executive Officer INVESTOR: CORNELL CAPITAL PARTNERS, LP By:Yorkville Advisors, LLC Its:General Partner By:/s/ Mark Angelo Name:Mark Angelo Title:Portfolio Manager
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