Fair Value of Financial Instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

Fair value represents the amount expected to be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in its principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In accordance with fair value accounting guidance, Peoples measures, records and reports various types of assets and liabilities at fair value on either a recurring or a non-recurring basis in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Those assets and liabilities are presented below in the sections entitled “Assets and Liabilities Required to be Measured and Reported at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis” and “Assets and Liabilities Required to be Measured and Reported at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis.”

Depending on the nature of the asset or the liability, Peoples uses various valuation methodologies and assumptions to estimate fair value. The measurement of fair value under US GAAP uses a hierarchy, which is described in "Note 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Peoples' 2020 Form 10-K.

Assets and liabilities are assigned to a level within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level of significant input used to measure fair value. Assets and liabilities may change levels within the fair value hierarchy due to market conditions or other circumstances. Those transfers are recognized on the date of the event that prompted the transfer. There were no transfers of assets or liabilities required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis between levels of the fair value hierarchy during the periods presented.

Assets and Liabilities Required to be Measured and Reported at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table provides the fair value for assets and liabilities required to be measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis on the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets by level in the fair value hierarchy.


	Recurring Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date
	September 30, 2021						December 31, 2020
(Dollars in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Assets:
Available-for-sale investment securities:
Obligations of:

U.S. government sponsored agencies	$	—	$	78,481	$	—	$	—	$	5,363	$	—
States and political subdivisions	—		252,919		—		—		114,919		—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	—		898,459		—		—		623,218		—
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		62,552		—		—		4,783		—
Bank-issued trust preferred securities	—		4,679		—		—		4,730		—

Total available-for-sale securities	—		1,297,090		—		—		753,013		—
Equity investment securities (a)	145		245		—		107		192		—
Derivative assets (b)	—		15,653		—		—		27,332		—
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities (c)	$	—	$	22,904	$	—	$	—	$	39,395	$	—

(a) Included in "Other investment securities" on the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. For additional information, see "Note 3 Investment Securities" of the Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

(b) Included in "Other assets" on the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. For additional information, see "Note 10 Derivative Financial Instruments" of the Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

(c) Included in "Accrued expenses and other liabilities" on the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. For additional information, see "Note 10 Derivative Financial Instruments" of the Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Available-for-Sale Investment Securities: The fair values reported by Peoples are determined by pricing models using a market approach that considers observable market data, such as interest rate volatility, London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") yield curves, credit spreads and prices from market makers and live trading systems (Level 2). Management reviews the valuation methodology and quality controls utilized by the pricing services in management's overall assessment of the reasonableness of the fair values provided, and challenges prices when management believes a material discrepancy in pricing exists.

Equity Investment Securities: The fair values of Peoples' equity investment securities are obtained from quoted prices in active exchange markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) or quoted prices in less active markets (Level 2).

Derivative Assets and Liabilities: The fair value for derivative instruments is determined based on market prices, broker-dealer quotations on similar products, or other related market input parameters (Level 2).

Assets and Liabilities Required to be Measured and Reported at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

The following table provides the fair value for each class of assets and liabilities required to be measured and reported at fair value on a non-recurring basis on the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets by level in the fair value hierarchy during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.


	Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date
	September 30, 2021						December 31, 2020
(Dollars in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Assets:
Loans held for sale	$	—	$	2,751	$	—	$	—	$	4,733	$	—
Other real estate owned ("OREO")	$	—	$	—	$	11,268	$	—	$	—	$	134
Servicing rights (a)(b)	$	—	$	—	$	2,294	$	—	$	—	$	2,591

(a) Included in "Other intangible assets" on the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. Servicing rights are carried at the lower of cost or market value.

(b) Peoples established a valuation allowance on servicing rights of $16 at September 30, 2021 and $161 at December 31, 2020, as the fair value of the servicing rights was less than the carrying value.

Loans Held for Sale: Loans originated and intended to be sold in the secondary market, generally 1-4 family residential loans, are carried, in aggregate, at the lower of cost or estimated fair value. Peoples uses a valuation model using quoted market prices of similar instruments in arriving at the fair value (Level 2).

Other Real Estate Owned: OREO, included in "Other assets" on the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets, is comprised primarily of commercial and residential real estate properties acquired by Peoples in satisfaction of a loan. OREO obtained in satisfaction of a loan is recorded at the lower of cost or estimated fair value, less estimated costs to sell the property. The carrying value of OREO is not re-measured to fair value on a recurring basis. Peoples assesses the carrying value of OREO quarterly for impairment considering market activity and recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including the comparable sales approach and the income approach (Level 3). The increase in OREO for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was due to the OREO acquired in the Premier Financial Bancorp Inc. ("Premier") acquisition.

Servicing Rights: Servicing rights are included in "Other intangible assets" on the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of servicing rights is determined by using a discounted cash flow model, which estimates the present value of the future net cash flows of the servicing portfolio based on various factors, such as servicing costs, expected prepayment speeds and discount rates (Level 3). The carrying value of servicing rights is not re-measured to fair value on a recurring basis. Peoples assesses the carrying value of servicing rights quarterly for impairment.

Financial Instruments Not Required to be Measured or Reported at Fair Value

The following table provides the carrying amount for each class of assets and liabilities and the fair value for certain financial instruments that are not required to be measured or reported at fair value on the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets.


	Fair Value Measurements of Other Financial Instruments
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
		Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value

Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	1	$	499,682	$	499,682	$	152,100	$	152,100




Held-to-maturity investment securities:
Obligations of:
U.S. government sponsored agencies	2	29,995		29,147		—		—
States and political subdivisions	2	124,181		122,435		35,139		35,484
Residential mortgage-backed securities	2	41,035		41,501		25,890		26,742
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	2	47,889		46,917		5,429		5,856
Total held-to-maturity securities		243,100		240,000		66,458		68,082


Other investment securities:
Other investment securities at cost:
Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") stock	n/a	17,918		17,918		21,718		21,718
Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB") stock	n/a	13,311		13,311		13,311		13,311
Total other investment securities at cost		31,229		31,229		35,029		35,029
Other investment securities at fair value:
Nonqualified deferred compensation (a)	2	2,083		2,083		1,867		1,867
Other investment securities (b)	2	784		784		365		365
Total other investment securities at fair value		2,867		2,867		2,232		2,232
Total other investment securities (b)		34,096		34,096		37,261		37,261
Loans and leases, net of deferred fees and costs	3	4,491,028		4,595,800		3,402,940		3,458,732
Bank owned life insurance	3	72,920		72,920		71,591		71,591
Liabilities:
Deposits	2	$	5,832,020	$	5,546,935	$	3,910,459	$	3,773,602
Short-term borrowings	2	184,693		186,028		73,261		74,170
Long-term borrowings	2	99,411		106,497		110,568		117,364

(a) Nonqualified deferred compensation includes mutual funds as part of the investment.

(b) "Other investment securities", as reported on the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets, also included equity investment securities at September 30, 2021

and at December 31, 2020, which are reported in the Assets and Liabilities Required to be Measured and Reported at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

table above and not included in this table.

For certain financial assets and liabilities, carrying value approximates fair value due to the nature of the financial instruments. These instruments include cash and cash equivalents, demand and other non-maturity deposits, and overnight borrowings. Peoples used the following methods and assumptions in estimating the fair value of the following financial instruments:

Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, balances due from other banks, interest-bearing deposits in other banks, federal funds sold and other short-term investments with original maturities of ninety days or less. The carrying amount for cash and balances due from banks is a reasonable estimate of fair value (Level 1).

Held-to-Maturity Investment Securities: The fair values used by Peoples are obtained from an independent pricing service and represent fair values determined by pricing models using a market approach that considers observable market data, such as interest rate volatility, LIBOR yield curves, credit spreads and prices from market makers and live trading systems (Level 2). Management reviews the valuation methodology and quality controls utilized by the pricing service in management's overall assessment of the reasonableness of the fair values provided, and challenges prices when management believes a material discrepancy in pricing exists.

Other Investment Securities: Other investment securities are measured at their respective redemption values due to restrictions placed on their transferability (Level 2).

Loans and Leases, Net of Deferred Fees and Costs: The fair value of portfolio loans and leases assumes sale of the underlying notes to a third-party financial investor. Accordingly, this value is not necessarily the value to Peoples if the notes were held to maturity. Peoples considered interest rate, credit and market factors in estimating the fair value of loans (Level 3). Fair values for loans are estimated using a discounted cash flow methodology. The discount rates take into account interest rates currently being offered to customers for loans with similar terms, the credit risk associated with the loans and other market factors, including liquidity.

Bank Owned Life Insurance: Peoples' bank owned life insurance policies are recorded at their cash surrender value (Level 3). Peoples recognizes tax-exempt income from the periodic increases in the cash surrender value of these policies and from death benefits.

Deposits: The fair value of fixed maturity certificates of deposit ("CDs") is estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation based on current rates offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities (Level 2).

Short-term Borrowings: The fair value of short-term borrowings is estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis based on rates currently available to Peoples for borrowings with similar terms (Level 2).

Long-term Borrowings: The fair value of long-term borrowings is estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis based on rates currently available to Peoples for borrowings with similar terms (Level 2).

Certain assets and financial liabilities that are not required to be measured or reported at fair value can be subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). These assets and liabilities include the following: customer relationships, the deposit base, and other information required to compute Peoples’ aggregate fair value that are not included in the above information. Accordingly, the above fair values are not intended to represent the aggregate fair value of Peoples.