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NOTE A - SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES
3 Months Ended
Jul. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]
NOTE A – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

A summary of the significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements follows.

Business

Sparta Commercial Services, Inc. ("Sparta," "we," "us," or the "Company") is a Nevada corporation serving three markets. Sparta is a technology company that develops, markets and manages business mobile application (mobile apps) for smartphones and tablets. The Company also owns and manages websites which sell on-demand motorcycle, recreational vehicle, power-sport vehicle and truck title history reports for consumers, retail dealers, auction houses, insurance companies and banks/finance companies. Notwithstanding our discontinuance of consumer financing, we continue to offer, on a pass through basis, an equipment-leasing product for local and state agencies throughout the country seeking a better and more economical way to finance their essential equipment needs, including police motorcycles and cruisers, buses and EMS equipment.

Our roots are in the Powersports industry and our original focus was providing consumer and municipal financing to the powersports, recreational vehicle, and automobile industries (see Discontinued Operations). Presently, through our subsidiary, iMobile Solutions, Inc.  ("IMS"), we offer mobile application development, sales, marketing and support, and Vehicle Title History Reports.

Our mobile application (mobile app) offerings have broadened our base beyond vehicle dealers to a wide range of businesses including, but not limited to, racetracks, private clubs, country clubs, restaurants and grocery stores. We also offer a private label version of our mobile app framework to enable other businesses to offer custom apps to their customers.

Our vehicle history reports include Cyclechex (Motorcycle History Reports at www.cyclechex.com ); RVchecks (Recreational Vehicle History Reports at www.rvchecks.com ); CarVINreport (Automobile at www.carvinreport.com ) and Truckchex (Heavy Duty Truck History Reports at www.truckchex.com ). Our Vehicle History Reports are designed for consumers, retail dealers, auction houses, insurance companies and banks/finance companies.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of July 31, 2016 and for the three month periods ended July 31, 2016 and 2015 have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, including Form 10-Q and Regulation S-K.  The information furnished herein reflects all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals and adjustments), which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to fairly present the operating results for the respective periods.  Certain information and footnote disclosures normally present in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations.  The Company believes that the disclosures provided are adequate to make the information presented not misleading.  These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and explanatory notes for the year ended April 30, 2016 as disclosed in the Company's Form 10-K for that year as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.  The results of operations for the three months ended July 31, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any other interim period or the full year ending April 30, 2017.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of April 30, 2016 contained herein has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of April 30, 2016, but do not include all disclosures required by the U.S. GAAP.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority owned subsidiary. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The third party ownership of the Company's subsidiary is accounted for as noncontrolling interest in the consolidated financial statements. Changes in the noncontrolling interest are reported in the statement of changes in deficit.

Estimates

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in United States of  America which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and the disclosures of revenues and expenses for the reported period. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. Included in these estimates are assumptions about collection of accounts receivable, useful life of property and equipment, beneficial conversion feature of convertible notes payable, deferred income tax asset valuation allowances, and valuation of derivative liabilities

Discontinued Operations

As discussed in Note C, in the second quarter of fiscal 2013 the Company's Board of Directors approved management's recommendation to discontinue the Company's consumer lease and loan lines of business and the sale of the Company's entire portfolio of performing RISCs, and a portion of its portfolio of leases. The sale was consummated in that quarter. The assets and liabilities have been accounted for as discontinued operations in the Company's consolidated balance sheets for all periods presented. The operating results related to these lines of business have been included in discontinued operations in the Company's consolidated statements of operations for all periods presented.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when the following criteria have been met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, no significant Company obligations remain, collection of the related receivable is reasonably assured, and the fees are fixed or determinable. The Company acts as a principal in its revenue transactions as the Company is the primary obligor in the transactions.

Revenues from mobile app products are generally recognized upon delivery. Revenues from history reports are generally recognized upon delivery / download. Prepayments received from customers before delivery (if any) are recognized as deferred revenue and recognized upon delivery.


Cash Equivalents

For the purpose of the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company has adopted ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements ("ASC 820")."   ASC 820 establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value.  The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets the lowest priority to unobservable inputs to fair value measurements of certain assets and Liabilities.  The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820 are described below:

·   Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. Level 1 assets and liabilities include debt and equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market, as well as certain securities that are highly liquid and are actively traded in over-the-counter markets.

·   Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.

·   Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value measurements. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques based on significant unobservable inputs, as well as management judgments or estimates that are significant to valuation.

This hierarchy requires the Company to use observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. For some products or in certain market conditions, observable inputs may not always be available.

Income Taxes

We utilize ASC 740 "Income Taxes" which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at year-end based on enacted laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income.

The Company recognizes the impact of a tax position in the financial statements only if that position is more likely than not of being sustained upon examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. Our practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.

Stock Based Compensation

We account for our stock based compensation under ASC 718 “Compensation – Stock Compensation” using the fair value based method. Under this method, compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the value of the award and is recognized over the service period, which is usually the vesting period. This guidance establishes standards for the accounting for transactions in which an entity exchanges it equity instruments for goods or services. It also addresses transactions in which an entity incurs liabilities in exchange for goods or services that are based on the fair value of the entity’s equity instruments or that may be settled by the issuance of those equity instruments.

We use the fair value method for equity instruments granted to non-employees and use the Black-Scholes model for measuring the fair value of options. The stock based fair value compensation is determined as of the date of the grant or the date at which the performance of the services is completed (measurement date) and is recognized over the vesting periods.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments and related items, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and receivables. The Company places its cash and temporary cash investments with high credit quality institutions. At times, such investments may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limit.  

Net Loss Per Share

The Company uses ASC 260-10, "Earnings Per Share" for calculating the basic and diluted loss per share. The Company computes basic loss per share by dividing net loss and net loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Common equivalent shares are excluded from the computation of net loss per share if their effect is anti-dilutive.

At July 31, 2016 and 2015, 1,928,823,982 potential shares (including 9,605,000 shares to be issued included on the balance sheet) and 202,900,000 potential shares (including 2,275,638 shares to be issued included on the balance sheet), respectively, were excluded from the shares used to calculate diluted earnings per share as their inclusion would reduce net loss per share.

Derivative Liabilities

The Company assessed the classification of its derivative financial instruments as of July 31, 2016 and April 30, 2016, which consist of convertible instruments and rights to shares of the Company's common stock, and determined that such derivatives meet the criteria for liability classification under ASC 815.

ASC 815 generally provides three criteria that, if met, require companies to bifurcate conversion options from their host instruments and account for them as freestanding derivative financial instruments. These three criteria include circumstances in which (a) the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative instrument are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract, (b) the hybrid instrument that embodies both the embedded derivative instrument and the host contract is not re-measured at fair value under otherwise applicable generally accepted accounting principles with changes in fair value reported in earnings as they occur and (c) a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative instrument would be considered a derivative instrument subject to the requirements of ASC 815. ASC 815 also provides an exception to this rule when the host instrument is deemed to be conventional, as described.

Convertible Instruments

The Company evaluates and accounts for conversion options embedded in its convertible instruments in accordance with professional standards for "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities".

The Company accounts for convertible instruments (when it has determined that the embedded conversion options should not be bifurcated from their host instruments) in accordance with professional standards when "Accounting for Convertible Securities with Beneficial Conversion Features," as those professional standards pertain to "Certain Convertible Instruments." Accordingly, the Company records, when necessary, discounts to convertible notes for the intrinsic value of conversion options embedded in debt instruments based upon the differences between the fair value of the underlying common stock at the commitment date of the note transaction and the effective conversion price embedded in the note. Debt discounts under these arrangements are amortized over the term of the related debt to their earliest date of redemption. The Company also records when necessary deemed dividends for the intrinsic value of conversion options embedded in preferred shares based upon the differences between the fair value of the underlying common stock at the commitment date of the note transaction and the effective conversion price embedded in the note. ASC 815-40 provides that, among other things, generally, if an event is not within the entity's control could or require net cash settlement, then the contract shall be classified as an asset or a liability.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to conform to prior periods' data to the current presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on reported losses.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

A variety of proposed or otherwise potential accounting standards are currently under study by standard setting organizations and various regulatory agencies. Due to the tentative and preliminary nature of those proposed standards, we have not determined whether implementation of such proposed standards would be material to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.