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Stock-based Compensation Plans (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

The following details the allocation of stock-based compensation to functional expense categories (in thousands):

		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2020		2019		2020		2019
Direct operating expense	$	434	$	549	$	884	$	1,140
Brokered natural gas and marketing expense		168		553		581		1,001
Exploration expense		372		388		702		876
General and administrative expense		9,179		9,500		17,208		19,138
Termination costs		—		26		—		26
Total stock-based compensation	$	10,153	$	11,016	$	19,375	$	22,181

The following is a summary of the status of our non-vested restricted stock outstanding at June 30, 2020:

	Restricted Stock Equity Awards					Restricted Stock Liability Awards
	Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		2,002,239		$	12.32		411,126		$	10.94
Granted		4,462,711			3.42		3,524,186			3.17
Vested		(809,560	)		8.90		(1,428,127	)		4.33
Forfeited		(158,961	)		9.62		—			—
Outstanding at June 30, 2020		5,496,429		$	5.68		2,507,185		$	3.78

The following assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of TSR-PSUs granted during first six months 2020 and 2019:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019
Risk-free interest rate		1.4	%		2.4	%
Expected annual volatility		65	%		46	%
Grant date fair value per unit	$	3.85		$	11.34

The following is a summary of our non-vested PS/RS-PSUs awards outstanding at June 30,


	Number of Units			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	881,573		$	11.70
Units granted ^(a)	777,847			2.33
Vested ^(b)	(101,150	)		15.32
Outstanding at June 30, 2020	1,558,270		$	4.86

^(a)	^{Amounts granted reflect the number of performance units granted; however, the actual payout of shares will be between zero and 200% depending on achievement of specifically identified performance targets.}

^(b)	For the PS-PSUs and RS-PSUs awards issued during 2017 the aggregate payout was approximately 150% of target for the March 2017 and May 2017 grants with a positive performance adjustment of 58,591 shares.

The following is a summary of our non-vested TSR – PSUs award activities:

	Number of Units			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		993,452		$	19.00
Units granted ^(a)		610,155			3.85
Vested ^(b)		(278,184	)		26.14
Forfeited		(75,899	)		26.33
Outstanding at June 30, 2020		1,249,524		$	9.55

^(a)	These amounts reflect the number of performance units granted. The actual payout of shares may be between zero and 200% of the performance units granted depending on the total shareholder return ranking compared to our peer companies at the vesting date.

^(b)	Includes TSR-PSUs awards issued related to the 2017 performance period where the return on our common stock was in the 60^th percentile for the March 2017 grant and the 80^th percentile for the May 2017 grant. The remaining 2017 awards are considered to be forfeited.