(3) NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, an accounting standards update was issued that supersedes the existing revenue recognition requirements. This standard includes a five-step revenue recognition model to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Among other things, the standard also eliminates industry-specific revenue guidance, requires enhanced disclosures about revenue, provides guidance for transactions that were not previously addressed comprehensively and improves guidance for multiple-element arrangements. This standard is effective for us in first quarter 2018 and we expect to adopt the new standard using the modified retrospective method of adoption. We are utilizing a bottom-up approach to analyze the impact of the new standard on our contracts by reviewing our current accounting policies and practices to identify potential differences that would result from applying the requirements of the new standard to our revenue contracts and the impact of adopting this standards update on our total revenues, operating income (loss) and our consolidated balance sheet. We are currently completing our detailed analysis of our portfolio of contracts at the individual contract level as we continue to evaluate the impact of this accounting standards update on our consolidated results of operations, financial position, cash flows and financial disclosures, in addition to developing any process or control changes necessary. We have identified and implemented a number of control changes necessary for adoption.

In February 2016, an accounting standards update was issued that requires an entity to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability for all leases with terms of more than twelve months. Classification of leases as either a finance or operating lease will determine the recognition, measurement and presentation of expenses. This accounting standards update also requires certain quantitative and qualitative disclosures about leasing arrangements. This standard is effective for us in first quarter 2019 and should be applied using a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements and early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating the provisions of this accounting standards update and assessing the impact it will have on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows but based on our preliminary review of the update, we expect that we will have operating leases with durations greater than twelve months on our balance sheet. As we continue to evaluate and implement the standard, we will provide additional information about the expected financial impact at a future date.

In August 2016, an accounting standards update was issued that clarifies how entities classify certain cash receipts and cash payments on the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for us in first quarter 2018 and will be applied retrospectively with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the provisions of this accounting standards update and assessing the impact, if any, it may have on our consolidated cash flow statement presentation.

Recently Adopted

In March 2016, an accounting standards update was issued that simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment award transactions. Among other things, this new guidance requires all income tax effects of share-based awards to be recognized in the statement of operations when the awards vest or are settled, allows an employer to repurchase more of an employee’s shares for tax withholding purposes without triggering liability accounting and allows a policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur. This new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. We elected to early adopt this accounting standards update in fourth quarter 2016 and reflected any adjustments as of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that includes the interim period of adoption. The following summarizes the impact of the adoption of this update on our consolidated financial statements:

Income taxes - Upon adoption of this standard, all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies (including tax benefits of dividends on share-based payment awards) are recognized as income tax expense or benefit in our consolidated statements of operations. The tax effects of exercised or vested awards are treated as discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur. Adoption of this new standard resulted in the recognition of an excess tax deficiency in our provision for income taxes rather than paid-in capital of $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 and affected our previously reported first quarter 2016 results as follows (in thousands, except per share data):

		Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
		As Reported			As Adjusted
	(unaudited)
Statements of Operations
Income tax benefit	$	(44,038	)	$	(41,976	)
Net loss		(91,710	)		(93,772	)
Basic earnings per share		(0.55	)		(0.56	)
Diluted earnings per share		(0.55	)		(0.56	)

In addition, we recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings (deficit) and reduced our deferred tax liability by $101.1 million for previously unrecognized tax benefits due to our NOL position as of December 31, 2016.

Forfeitures - Prior to adoption, share-based compensation expense was recognized on a straight line basis, net of estimated forfeitures, such that expense was recognized only for share-based awards that are expected to vest. We have elected to continue to estimate forfeitures.

Statements of cash flows - The presentation requirements for cash flows related to employee taxes paid for withheld shares were adjusted retrospectively. These cash flows have historically been presented as an operating activity. Upon adoption of this new standard, these cash outflows were classified as a financing activity. Prior periods have been adjusted as follows (in thousands):

		As Reported		As Adjusted
		Net cash provided from operating activities		Net cash provided from operating activities
Three months ended March 31, 2016	$	87,424	$	90,785
Six months ended June 30, 2016		169,604		173,201
Nine months ended September 30, 2016		202,037		205,837

		As Reported			As Adjusted
		Net cash used in financing activities			Net cash used in financing activities
Three months ended March 31, 2016	$	(72,473	)	$	(75,834	)
Six months ended June 30, 2016		(95,411	)		(99,008	)
Nine months ended September 30, 2016		(35,229	)		(39,029	)

In January 2017, an accounting standards update was issued that eliminates the requirements to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill to measure goodwill impairment charge. Instead, entities will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and should be applied on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted for any goodwill impairment tests performed in first quarter 2017 or later. We elected to adopt this accounting standards update in first quarter 2017. The adoption did not have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position, cash flows or financial disclosures; however, this standard did change our policy for our annual goodwill impairment assessment by eliminating the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill.