Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Reconciliation Between Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate and Effective Income Tax

Our income tax expense was $230.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to a benefit of $9.7 million in 2021 and a benefit of $25.6 million in 2020. The effective income tax rate is influenced by a variety of factors including geographic sources and relative magnitude of these sources of income. Reconciliation between the statutory federal income tax rate and our effective income tax rate is as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Federal statutory tax rate		21.0	%		21.0	%		21.0	%
State, net of federal benefit		1.0			4.0			5.2
State rate and law change		—			(3.4	)		4.3
Equity compensation		—			2.3			(1.0	)
Valuation allowances		(5.5	)		(26.8	)		(25.9	)
Permanent differences and other		(0.2	)		0.5			(0.1	)
Consolidated effective tax rate		16.3	%		(2.4	)%		3.5	%

Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Attributable to Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes

Income tax expense (benefit) attributable to income (loss) before income taxes consists of the following (in thousands):

	2022								2021								2020
	Current		Deferred			Total			Current		Deferred			Total			Current			Deferred			Total
U.S. federal	$	—	$	245,839		$	245,839		$	—	$	6,297		$	6,297		$	(366	)	$	(24,489	)	$	(24,855	)
U.S. state and local		14,688		(30,067	)		(15,379	)		7,984		(24,024	)		(16,040	)		(157	)		(540	)		(697	)
Total	$	14,688	$	215,772		$	230,460		$	7,984	$	(17,727	)	$	(9,743	)	$	(523	)	$	(25,029	)	$	(25,552	)

Significant Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

	December 31,
	2022			2021
	(in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforward	$	581,349		$	788,375
Divestiture contract obligation		105,227			112,199
Deferred compensation		25,733			22,121
Equity compensation		4,813			4,833
Asset retirement obligations		24,113			21,734
Interest expense carryforward		16,118			53,876
Lease right-of-use liabilities		19,395			9,954
Cumulative mark-to-market loss		30,307			32,221
Other		16,922			12,181
Valuation allowances:
Federal		(21,320	)		(67,984	)
State, net of federal benefit		(171,423	)		(203,085	)
Total deferred tax assets		631,234			786,425
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation and depletion		(935,710	)		(879,163	)
Lease right-of-use assets		(18,440	)		(9,247	)
Other		(10,655	)		(15,657	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(964,805	)		(904,067	)
Net deferred tax liability	$	(333,571	)	$	(117,642	)