10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from              to           

Commission file number 000-09439

INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Texas	74-2157138
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)

1200 San Bernardo Avenue, Laredo, Texas 78042-1359

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(956) 722-7611

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

None

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class:	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock, $1.00 par value	IBOC	NASDAQ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company, in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ⌧	Accelerated filer ◻
Non-accelerated filer ◻	Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ⌧

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date

Class	Shares Issued and Outstanding
Common Stock, $1.00 par value	62,114,576 shares outstanding at May 1, 2023

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Condition (Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands)

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,195,048	$	2,087,724
Investment securities:
Held to maturity debt securities (Market value of $3,400 on March 31, 2023 and $3,400 on December 31, 2022)		3,400		3,400
Available for sale debt securities (Amortized cost of $5,397,131 on March 31, 2023 and $5,018,996 on December 31, 2022)		4,859,818		4,417,796
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values		5,392		5,358
Total investment securities		4,868,610		4,426,554
Loans		7,531,773		7,430,603
Less allowance for credit losses		(133,557)		(125,972)
Net loans		7,398,216		7,304,631
Bank premises and equipment, net		430,436		431,612
Accrued interest receivable		49,020		45,787
Other investments		362,105		358,910
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies		299,379		300,589
Goodwill		282,532		282,532
Other assets		249,605		263,137
Total assets	$	15,134,951	$	15,501,476

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INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Condition, continued (Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands)

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Demand—non-interest bearing	$	5,548,745	$	5,846,055
Savings and interest bearing demand		4,587,639		4,745,768
Time		2,144,395		2,068,184
Total deposits		12,280,779		12,660,007
Securities sold under repurchase agreements		383,502		431,191
Other borrowed funds		10,895		10,944
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures		134,642		134,642
Other liabilities		168,725		219,933
Total liabilities		12,978,543		13,456,717
Shareholders’ equity:
Common shares of $1.00 par value. Authorized 275,000,000 shares; issued 96,423,993 shares on March 31, 2023 and 96,420,456 shares on December 31, 2022		96,424		96,420
Surplus		154,244		154,061
Retained earnings		2,758,059		2,695,567
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(420,491)		(470,497)
		2,588,236		2,475,551
Less cost of shares in treasury, 34,303,617 shares on March 31, 2023 and 34,278,617 on December 31, 2022		(431,828)		(430,792)
Total shareholders’ equity		2,156,408		2,044,759
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	15,134,951	$	15,501,476

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Interest income:
Loans, including fees	$	142,270	$	81,488
Investment securities:
Taxable		29,809		13,190
Tax-exempt		1,578		350
Other interest income		14,492		1,404
Total interest income		188,149		96,432
Interest expense:
Savings deposits		11,694		1,101
Time deposits		6,829		2,504
Securities sold under repurchase agreements		2,142		184
Other borrowings		71		1,888
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures		2,228		709
Total interest expense		22,964		6,386
Net interest income		165,185		90,046
Provision for credit losses		8,587		1,481
Net interest income after provision for credit losses		156,598		88,565
Non-interest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts		17,553		17,257
Other service charges, commissions and fees
Banking		14,055		12,516
Non-banking		1,954		1,765
Other investments, net		2,955		2,882
Other income		3,845		9,092
Total non-interest income	$	40,362	$	43,512

3

INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Income, continued (Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Non-interest expense:
Employee compensation and benefits	$	32,859	$	31,119
Occupancy		6,326		6,272
Depreciation of bank premises and equipment		5,466		5,475
Professional fees		3,590		2,318
Deposit insurance assessments		4,138		1,057
Net operations, other real estate owned		(1,745)		(408)
Advertising		1,264		1,440
Software and software maintenance		4,969		4,177
Other		11,162		12,668
Total non-interest expense		68,029		64,118
Income before income taxes		128,931		67,959
Provision for income taxes		27,288		14,466
Net income	$	101,643	$	53,493
Basic earnings per common share:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding		62,142,264		63,352,240
Net income per common share	$	1.64	$	0.84
Fully diluted earnings per common share:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding		62,282,328		63,498,268
Net income per common share	$	1.63	$	0.84

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Net income	$	101,643	$	53,493
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities available for sale arising during period (net of tax effects of $13,293 and $(46,029))		50,006		(173,156)
		50,006		(173,156)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	151,649	$	(119,663)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

Three Months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022

(in Thousands, except per share amounts)

	Number							Other
	of	Common				Retained		Comprehensive		Treasury
	Shares	Stock		Surplus		Earnings		Income (Loss)		Stock		Total
Balance at December 31, 2022	96,420	$	96,420	$	154,061	$	2,695,567	$	(470,497)	$	(430,792)	$	2,044,759
Net income	—		—		—		101,643		—		—		101,643
Dividends:
Payable ($.63 per share)	—		—		—		(39,151)		—		—		(39,151)
Purchase of treasury stock (25,000 shares)	—		—		—		—		—		(1,036)		(1,036)
Exercise of stock options	4		4		81		—		—		—		85
Stock compensation expense recognized in earnings	—		—		102		—		—		—		102
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Net change in unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities, net of reclassification adjustments	—		—		—		—		50,006		—		50,006
Balance at March 31, 2023	96,424	$	96,424	$	154,244	$	2,758,059	$	(420,491)	$	(431,828)	$	2,156,408

	Number							Other
	of	Common				Retained		Comprehensive		Treasury
	Shares	Stock		Surplus		Earnings		Income (Loss)		Stock		Total
Balance at December 31, 2021	96,351	$	96,351	$	152,144	$	2,470,710	$	(31,980)	$	(378,744)	$	2,308,481
Net income	—		—		—		53,493		—		—		53,493
Dividends:
Payable ($.60 per share)	—		—		—		(38,026)		—		—		(38,026)
Purchase of treasury stock (83,066 shares)	—		—	—	—	—	—	—	—		(3,380)		(3,380)
Exercise of stock options	6		6		140		—		—		—		146
Stock compensation expense recognized in earnings	—		—		121		—		—		—		121
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Net change in unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities, net of reclassification adjustments	—		—		—		—		(173,156)		—		(173,156)
Balance at March 31, 2022	96,357	$	96,357	$	152,405	$	2,486,177	$	(205,136)	$	(382,124)	$	2,147,679

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Operating activities:
Net income	$	101,643	$	53,493
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit loss		8,587		1,481
Specific reserve, other real estate owned		250		—
Depreciation of bank premises and equipment		5,466		5,475
Gain on sale of bank premises and equipment		—		(2,991)
Gain on sale of other real estate owned		(2,372)		(777)
Accretion of investment securities discounts		(589)		(235)
Amortization of investment securities premiums		1,817		5,262
Unrealized (gain) loss on equity securities with readily determinable fair values		(34)		269
Stock based compensation expense		102		121
Earnings from affiliates and other investments		(802)		(2,474)
Deferred tax (benefit) expense		(1,841)		80
(Increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable		(3,233)		3,038
Increase (decrease) in other assets		1,277		(4,455)
Increase in other liabilities		32,419		20,810
Net cash provided by operating activities		142,690		79,097
Investing activities:
Proceeds from maturities of securities		1,200		1,075
Proceeds from sales and calls of available for sale securities		450		—
Purchases of available for sale securities		(595,184)		(362,746)
Principal collected on mortgage backed securities		134,171		207,302
Net (increase) decrease in loans		(102,525)		159,246
Purchases of other investments		(9,935)		(42,043)
Distributions from other investments		5,124		1,583
Purchases of bank premises and equipment		(4,290)		(2,486)
Proceeds from sales of bank premises and equipment		—		6,461
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned		2,691		4,898
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(568,298)	$	(26,710)

7

INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, continued (Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Financing activities:
Net (decrease) increase in non-interest bearing demand deposits	$	(297,310)	$	198,680
Net decrease in savings and interest bearing demand deposits		(158,129)		(28,897)
Net increase in time deposits		76,211		7,676
Net (decrease) increase in securities sold under repurchase agreements		(47,689)		50,419
Net decrease in other borrowed funds		(49)		(48)
Purchase of treasury stock		(1,036)		(3,380)
Proceeds from stock transactions		85		146
Payments of cash dividends		(39,151)		(38,026)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(467,068)		186,570
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(892,676)		238,957
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		2,087,724		3,209,242
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	1,195,048	$	3,448,199
Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	19,731	$	6,297
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Net transfers from loans to other real estate owned	$	353	$	—
Net transfers from bank premises and equipment to other assets		—		2,476

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

8

INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

As used in this report, the words “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to International Bancshares Corporation, a Texas corporation, its five wholly-owned subsidiary banks, and other subsidiaries. The information that follows may contain forward-looking statements, which are qualified as indicated under “Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in Item 2 (Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations) of this report. Our website address is www.ibc.com.

Note 1 — Basis of Presentation

Our accounting and reporting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and to general practices within the banking industry. Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of International Bancshares Corporation, and our wholly-owned bank subsidiaries, International Bank of Commerce, Laredo (“IBC”), Commerce Bank, International Bank of Commerce, Zapata, International Bank of Commerce, Brownsville, International Bank of Commerce, Oklahoma (the “Subsidiary Banks”) and our wholly-owned non-bank subsidiaries, IBC Trading Company, Premier Tierra Holdings, Inc., IBC Charitable and Community Development Corporation, Emerald Galveston Holdings, LLC, IBC Capital Corporation, and Diamond Beach Holdings, LLC. Our consolidated financial statements are unaudited, but include all adjustments, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the periods presented. All such adjustments were of a normal and recurring nature. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto in our latest Annual Report to Shareholders on Form ARS for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, furnished to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on April 17, 2023 (our “2022 Annual Report”). Our consolidated statement of condition at December 31, 2022 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) for complete financial statements. Certain reclassifications have been made to make prior periods comparable. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2023 or any future period.

We operate as one segment. The operating information used by our chief executive officer for purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions is the consolidated statements presented in this report. We have five active operating subsidiaries, the Subsidiary Banks. We apply the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), FASB ASC 280, “Segment Reporting,” in determining our reportable segments and related disclosures.

We have evaluated all events or transactions that occurred through the date we issued these financial statements. During this period, we did not have any material recognizable or non-recognizable subsequent events.

Note 2 — Fair Value Measurements

ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 applies to all financial instruments that are being measured and reported on a fair value basis. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date; it also establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in valuation methodologies into the following three levels:

● Level 1 Inputs - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

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● Level 2 Inputs - Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

● Level 3 Inputs - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or other valuation techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

A description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy is set forth below.

The following table represents assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated balance sheets at their fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2023 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at
			Reporting Date Using
			(in Thousands)
			Quoted
			Prices in
			Active		Significant
	Assets/Liabilities		Markets for		Other		Significant
	Measured at		Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Fair Value		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	March 31, 2023		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Measured on a recurring basis:
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,925	$	—	$	49,925	$	—
Residential mortgage-backed securities		4,647,229		—		4,647,229		—
States and political subdivisions		162,664		—		162,664		—
Equity Securities		5,392		5,392		—		—
	$	4,865,210	$	5,392	$	4,859,818	$	—

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The following table represents assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated balance sheets at their fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at
			Reporting Date Using
			(in Thousands)
			Quoted
			Prices in
			Active		Significant
	Assets/Liabilities		Markets for		Other		Significant
	Measured at		Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Fair Value		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	December 31, 2022		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Measured on a recurring basis:
Assets:
Available for sale securities
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,393	$	—	$	49,393	$	—
Residential mortgage-backed securities		4,209,212		—		4,209,212		—
States and political subdivisions		159,191		—		159,191		—
Equity Securities		5,358		5,358		—		—
	$	4,423,154	$	5,358	$	4,417,796	$	—

Available-for-sale debt securities are classified within Level 1 or 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are classified within Level 1. For debt investments classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, we obtain fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things.

Certain financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment).

The following table represents financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of and for the period ended March 31, 2023 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting
			Date Using
			(in thousands)
			Quoted
	Assets/Liabilities		Prices in
	Measured at		Active		Significant
	Fair Value		Markets for		Other		Significant		Net
	Period ended		Identical		Observable		Unobservable		Provision
	March 31,		Assets		Inputs		Inputs		During
	2023		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Period
Measured on a non-recurring basis:
Assets:
Watch-List doubtful loans	$	29,894	$	—	$	—	$	29,894	$	1,000
Other real estate owned		752		—		—		752		250

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The following table represents financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of and for the period ended December 31, 2022 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting
			Date Using
			(in thousands)
			Quoted
	Assets/Liabilities		Prices in
	Measured at		Active		Significant
	Fair Value		Markets		Other		Significant		Net
	Year ended		for Identical		Observable		Unobservable		Provision
	December 31,		Assets		Inputs		Inputs		During
	2022		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Period
Measured on a non-recurring basis:
Assets:
Watch-List doubtful loans	$	30,743	$	—	$	—	$	30,743	$	2,346
Other real estate owned		5,653		—		—		5,653		1,627

Our assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are limited to loans classified as Watch List – Doubtful and other real estate owned. The fair value of Watch List-Doubtful loans is derived in accordance with FASB ASC 310, “Receivables”. They are primarily comprised of collateral-dependent commercial loans. As the primary sources of loan repayments decline, the secondary repayment source, the collateral, takes on greater significance. Correctly evaluating the fair value becomes even more important. Re-measurement of the loan to fair value is done through a specific valuation allowance included in the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”). The fair value of the loan is based on the fair value of the collateral, as determined through either an appraisal or internal evaluation process. The basis for our appraisal and appraisal review process is based on regulatory guidelines and strives to comply with all regulatory appraisal laws, regulations, and the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice. All appraisals and internal evaluations are “as is” (the property’s highest and best use) valuations based on the current conditions of the property/project at that point in time. The determination of the fair value of the collateral is based on the net realizable value, which is the appraised value less any closing costs, when applicable. As of March 31, 2023, we had $51,306,000 of doubtful commercial collateral dependent loans, of which $0 had an appraisal performed within the immediately preceding twelve months, and of which $51,306,000 had an internal evaluation performed within the immediately preceding twelve months. As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately $51,326,000 of doubtful commercial collateral dependent loans, of which $0 had an appraisal performed within the immediately preceding twelve months and of which $51,326,000 had an internal evaluation performed within the immediately preceding twelve months.

Our determination to either seek an appraisal or to perform an internal evaluation begins in weekly credit quality meetings, where the committee analyzes the existing collateral values of the doubtful loans and where obsolete appraisals are identified. In order to determine whether we would obtain a new appraisal or perform an internal evaluation to determine the fair value of the collateral, the credit committee reviews the existing appraisal to determine if the collateral value is reasonable in view of the current use of the collateral and the economic environment related to the collateral. If the analysis of the existing appraisal does not find that the collateral value is reasonable under the current circumstances, we would obtain a new appraisal on the collateral or perform an internal evaluation of the collateral. The ultimate decision to get a new appraisal rests with the independent credit administration group. A new appraisal is not required if an internal evaluation, as performed by in-house experts, is able to appropriately update the original appraisal assumptions to reflect current market conditions and provide an estimate of the collateral’s market value for analysis of the doubtful loan. The internal evaluations must be in writing and contain sufficient information detailing the analysis, assumptions and conclusions, and they must support performing an evaluation in lieu of ordering a new appraisal.

Other real estate owned is comprised of real estate acquired by foreclosure and deeds in lieu of foreclosure. Other real estate owned is carried at the lower of the recorded investment in the property or its fair value less estimated costs to sell such property (as determined by independent appraisal) within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Prior to foreclosure, the value of the underlying loan is written down to the fair value of the real estate to be acquired by a charge to the ACL, if necessary. The fair value is reviewed periodically, and subsequent write-downs are made through a charge to operations, accordingly. Other real estate owned is included in other assets on the consolidated financial statements. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, we recorded

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$0 and $2,000, respectively, in charges to the ACL in connection with loans transferred to other real estate owned. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, we recorded $250,000 and $1,627,000, respectively, in adjustments to fair value in connection with other real estate owned.

The fair value estimates, methods, and assumptions for our financial instruments at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are outlined below.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For these short-term instruments, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Time Deposits with Banks

The carrying amounts of time deposits with banks approximate fair value.

Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity

The carrying amounts of investments held-to-maturity approximate fair value.

Investment Securities

For investment securities, which include U.S. Treasury securities, obligations of other U.S. government agencies, obligations of states and political subdivisions and mortgage pass-through and related securities, fair values are from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things. See disclosures of fair value of investment securities in Note 6.

Loans

Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type, such as commercial, real estate and consumer loans, as outlined by regulatory reporting guidelines. Each category is segmented into fixed and variable interest rate terms and by performing and non-performing categories.

For variable rate performing loans, the carrying amount approximates the fair value. For fixed-rate performing loans, except residential mortgage loans, the fair value is calculated by discounting scheduled cash flows through the estimated maturity using estimated market discount rates that reflect the credit and interest rate risk inherent in the loan. For performing residential mortgage loans, fair value is estimated by discounting contractual cash flows adjusted for prepayment estimates using discount rates based on secondary market sources or the primary origination market. Fixed-rate performing loans are within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of fixed rate performing loans was $1,196,549,000 and $1,203,381,000, respectively, and the estimated fair value was $1,094,152,000 and $1,100,848,000, respectively.

Accrued Interest

The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate fair value.

Deposits

The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as non-interest-bearing demand deposit accounts, savings accounts and interest-bearing demand deposit accounts, was equal to the amount payable on demand as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The fair value of time deposits is based on the discounted value of contractual cashflows. The discount rate is based on currently offered rates. Time deposits are within Level 3 of the fair value

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hierarchy. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of time deposits was $2,144,695,000 and $2,068,184,000, respectively, and the estimated fair value was $2,154,962,000 and $2,076,231,000, respectively.

Securities Sold Under Repurchase Agreements

Securities sold under repurchase agreements are short-term maturities. Due to the contractual terms of the instruments, the carrying amounts approximated fair value at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures

We currently have floating-rate junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures outstanding. Due to the contractual terms of the floating-rate junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures, the carrying amounts approximated fair value at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Other Borrowed Funds

We currently have long-term borrowings issued from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”). The long-term borrowings outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are fixed-rate borrowings and the fair value is based on established market spreads for similar types of borrowings. The fixed rate long-term borrowings are included in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of the fixed rate long-term FHLB borrowings was $10,895,000 and $10,944,000, respectively, and the estimated fair value was $10,895,000 and $10,944,000, respectively.

Commitments to Extend Credit and Letters of Credit

Commitments to extend credit and fund letters of credit are principally at current interest rates, and, therefore, the carrying amount approximates fair value.

Limitations

Fair value estimates are made at a point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time our entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of our financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-statement of condition financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Other significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial assets or liabilities include the bank premises and equipment and core deposit value. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the effect of fair value estimates have not been considered in the above estimates.

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Note 3 — Loans

A summary of loans, by loan type at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is as follows:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	4,370,745	$	4,373,373
Real estate - mortgage		858,909		865,994
Real estate - construction		2,081,138		1,989,669
Consumer		43,390		41,592
Foreign		177,591		159,975
Total loans	$	7,531,773	$	7,430,603

Note 4 — Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) is based on a loss-rate methodology that measures lifetime losses on loan pools that have similar risk characteristics. Loans that do not have similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. The segmentation of the loan portfolio into pools requires a balancing process between capturing similar risk characteristics and containing sufficient loss history to provide meaningful results. Our segmentation starts at the general loan category with further sub-segmentation based on collateral types that may be of meaningful size and/or may contain sufficient differences in risk characteristics based on management’s judgement that would warrant further segmentation. The general loan categories along with primary risk characteristics used in our calculation are as follows:

Commercial and industrial loans. This category includes loans extended to a diverse array of businesses for working capital or equipment purchases. These loans are mostly secured by the collateral pledged by the borrower that is directly related to the business activities of the company such as equipment, accounts receivable and inventory. The borrower’s abilities to generate revenues from equipment purchases, collect accounts receivable, and to turn inventory into sales are risk factors in the repayment of the loan. A small portion of this loan category is related to loans secured by oil & gas production and loans secured by aircraft.

Construction and land development loans. This category includes the development of land from unimproved land to lot development for both residential and commercial use and vertical construction across residential and commercial real estate classes. These loans carry risk of repayment when projects incur cost overruns, have an increase in the price of construction materials, encounter zoning, entitlement and environmental issues, or encounter other factors that may affect the completion of a project on time and on budget. Additionally, repayment risk may be negatively impacted when the market experiences a deterioration in the value of real estate. Risks specifically related to 1-4 family development loans also include mortgage rate risk and the practice by the mortgage industry of more restrictive underwriting standards, which inhibits the buyer from obtaining long term financing creating excessive housing and lot inventory in the market.

Commercial real estate loans. This category includes loans secured by farmland, multifamily properties, owner occupied commercial properties, and non-owner occupied commercial properties. Owner occupied commercial properties include warehouses often along the border for import/export operations, office space where the borrower is the primary tenant, restaurants and other single-tenant retail. Non-owner occupied commercial properties include hotels, retail centers, office and professional buildings, and leased warehouses. These loans carry risk of repayment when market values deteriorate, the business experiences turnover in key management, the business has an inability to attract or keep occupancy levels stable, or when the market experiences an exit of a specific business type that is significant to the local economy, such as a manufacturing plant.

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1-4 family mortgages. This category includes both first and second lien mortgages for the purpose of home purchases or refinancing of existing mortgage loans. A small portion of this loan category is related to home equity lines of credits, lots purchases, and home construction. Loan repayments may be affected by unemployment or underemployment and deteriorating market values of real estate.

Consumer loans. This category includes deposit secured, vehicle secured, and unsecured loans, including overdrafts, made to individuals. Repayment is primarily affected by unemployment or underemployment.

The loan pools are further broken down using a risk-based segmentation based on internal classifications for commercial loans and past due status for consumer mortgage loans. Non-mortgage consumer loans are evaluated as one segment. On a weekly basis, commercial loan past due reports are reviewed by the credit quality committee to determine if a loan has any potential problems and if a loan should be placed on our internal Watch List report. Additionally, our credit department reviews the majority of our loans for proper internal classification purposes regardless of whether they are past due and segregates any loans with potential problems for further review. The credit department will discuss the potential problem loans with the servicing loan officers to determine any relevant issues that were not discovered in the evaluation. Also, an analysis of loans that is provided through examinations by regulatory authorities is considered in the review process. After the above analysis is completed, we will determine if a loan should be placed on an internal Watch List report because of issues related to the analysis of the credit, credit documents, collateral and/or payment history.

Our internal Watch List report is segregated into the following categories: (i) Pass, (ii) Economic Monitoring, (iii) Special Review, (iv) Watch List—Pass, (v) Watch List—Substandard, and (vi) Watch List—Doubtful. The loans placed in the Special Review category and lower rated credits reflect our opinion that the loans reflect potential weakness which require monitoring on a more frequent basis. Credits in those categories are reviewed and discussed on a regular basis, no less frequently than quarterly, with the credit department and the lending staff to determine if a change in category is warranted. The loans placed in the Watch List—Pass category and lower rated credits reflect our opinion that the credit contains weaknesses which represent a greater degree of risk, which warrant “extra attention.” Credits in this category are reviewed and discussed on a regular basis with the credit department and the lending staff to determine if a change in category is warranted. The loans placed in the Watch List—Substandard category are considered to be potentially inadequately protected by the current sound worth and debt service capacity of the borrower or of any pledged collateral. These credit obligations, even if apparently protected by collateral value, have shown defined weaknesses related to adverse financial, managerial, economic, market or political conditions which may jeopardize repayment of principal and interest. Furthermore, there is the possibility that we may sustain some future loss if such weaknesses are not corrected. The loans placed in the Watch List—Doubtful category have shown defined weaknesses and it is likely, based on current information and events, that we will be unable to collect all principal and/or interest amounts contractually due. Watch List—Doubtful loans are placed on non-accrual when they are moved to that category.

For the purposes of the ACL, in order to maintain segments with sufficient history for meaningful results, the credits in the Pass and Economic Monitoring categories are aggregated, the credits in the Special Review and Watch List—Pass credits are aggregated, and the credits in the Watch List—Substandard category remain in their own segment. For loans that are classified as Watch List—Doubtful, management evaluates these credits in accordance with ASC 310-10, “Receivables,” and, if deemed necessary, a specific reserve is allocated to the loan. The specific reserve allocated under ASC 310-10, is based on (i) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; (ii) the loan’s observable market price; or (iii) net realizable value of the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Substantially all of our loans evaluated as Watch List—Doubtful under ASC 310-10 are measured using the fair value of collateral method. In rare cases, we may use other methods to determine the specific reserve of a loan under ASC 310-10 if such loan is not collateral dependent.

Within each collectively evaluated pool, the robustness of the lifetime historical loss-rate is evaluated and, if needed, is supplemented with peer loss rates through a model risk adjustment. Certain qualitative loss factors are then evaluated to incorporate management’s two-year reasonable and supportable forecast period followed by a reversion to the pool’s average lifetime loss-rate. Those qualitative loss factors are: (i) trends in portfolio volume and composition, (ii) volume and trends in classified loans, delinquencies, non-accruals and TDR’s, (iii) concentration risk, (iv) trends in underlying collateral value, (v) changes in policies, procedures, and strategies, and (vi) economic conditions. Qualitative

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factors also include potential losses stemming from operational risk factors arising from fraud, natural disasters, pandemics and geopolitical events. Should any of the factors considered by management in evaluating the adequacy of the ACL change, our estimate could also change, which could affect the level of future credit loss expense.

We have elected to not measure an ACL for accrued interest receivable given our timely approach in identifying and writing off uncollectible accrued interest. An ACL for off-balance sheet exposure is derived from a projected usage rate of any unfunded commitment multiplied by the historical loss rate, plus model risk adjustment, if any, of the on-balance sheet loan pools.

Our management continually reviews the ACL of the Subsidiary Banks using the amounts determined from the estimates established on specific doubtful loans, the estimate established on quantitative historical loss percentages, and the estimate based on qualitative current conditions and reasonable and supportable two-year forecasted data. Our methodology reverts to the average lifetime loss-rate beyond the forecast period when we can no longer develop reasonable and supportable forecasts. Should any of the factors considered by management in evaluating the adequacy of the estimate for current expected credit losses change, our estimate of current expected credit losses could also change, which could affect the level of future credit loss expense. While the calculation of our ACL utilizes management’s best judgment and all information reasonably available, the adequacy of the ACL is dependent on a variety of factors beyond our control, including, among other things, the performance of the entire loan portfolio, the economy, government actions, changes in interest rates and the view of regulatory authorities towards loan classifications.

A summary of the transactions in the allowance for credit loan losses by loan class is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Domestic														Foreign
			Commercial
			Real Estate:
			Other		Commercial
			Construction &		Real Estate:		Commercial
			Land		Farmland &		Real Estate:		Residential:		Residential:
	Commercial		Development		Commercial		Multifamily		First Lien		Junior Lien		Consumer		Foreign		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	26,728	$	44,684	$	36,474	$	3,794	$	4,759	$	8,284	$	281	$	968	$	125,972
Losses charged to allowance		(1,971)		—		—		—		—		(1)		(61)		—		(2,033)
Recoveries credited to allowance		625		311		5		—		7		77		6		—		1,031
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance		(1,346)		311		5		—		7		76		(55)		—		(1,002)
Credit loss expense		2,406		5,938		77		190		(207)		(3)		65		121		8,587
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	27,788	$	50,933	$	36,556	$	3,984	$	4,559	$	8,357	$	291	$	1,089	$	133,557

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	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Domestic														Foreign
			Commercial
			Real Estate:
			Other		Commercial
			Construction &		Real Estate:		Commercial
			Land		Farmland &		Real Estate:		Residential:		Residential:
	Commercial		Development		Commercial		Multifamily		First Lien		Junior Lien		Consumer		Foreign		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	23,178	$	35,390	$	35,654	$	3,291	$	4,073	$	7,754	$	272	$	762	$	110,374
Losses charged to allowance		(2,112)		(2)		—		—		(99)		(28)		(88)		—		(2,329)
Recoveries credited to allowance		602		2		8		—		30		48		11		—		701
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance		(1,510)		—		8		—		(69)		20		(77)		—		(1,628)
Credit loss expense		2,233		982		(808)		(229)		12		(728)		69		(50)		1,481
Balance at March 31, 2022	$	23,901	$	36,372	$	34,854	$	3,062	$	4,016	$	7,046	$	264	$	712	$	110,227

The credit loss charged to expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 has increased from the same period of 2022 in order to provide some protection from potential losses in our loan portfolio given the high level of uncertainty in the economy and a potential economic recession on the horizon. We have increased the severity of some of the qualitative loss factors in certain pools of the portfolio to encompass the economic uncertainty, resulting in an increase in the required ACL. The pool specific qualitative loss factors management deemed appropriate for the ACL calculation at December 31, 2022 remained constant in the March 31, 2023 ACL calculation. The pool specific qualitative loss factors management deemed appropriate for the ACL calculation at December 31, 2022 remained constant in the March 31, 2023 ACL calculation.

The tables below provides additional information on the balance of loans individually or collectively evaluated for impairment and their related allowance, by loan class as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	March 31, 2023
	Loans Individually				Loans Collectively
	Evaluated For				Evaluated For
	Impairment				Impairment
	Recorded				Recorded
	Investment		Allowance		Investment		Allowance
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	30,529	$	3,375	$	1,467,573	$	24,413
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		20,481		70		2,060,657		50,863
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		297		—		2,562,801		36,556
Commercial real estate: multifamily		110		—		309,435		3,984
Residential: first lien		74		—		419,481		4,559
Residential: junior lien		318		—		439,036		8,357
Consumer		—		—		43,390		291
Foreign		—		—		177,591		1,089
Total	$	51,809	$	3,445	$	7,479,964	$	130,112

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	December 31, 2022
	Loans Individually				Loans Collectively
	Evaluated For				Evaluated For
	Impairment				Impairment
	Recorded				Recorded
	Investment		Allowance		Investment		Allowance
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	30,747	$	2,375	$	1,468,006	$	24,353
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		20,483		70		1,969,186		44,614
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		94		—		2,568,025		36,474
Commercial real estate: multifamily		117		—		306,384		3,794
Residential: first lien		77		—		425,647		4,759
Residential: junior lien		312		—		439,958		8,284
Consumer		—		—		41,592		281
Foreign		—		—		159,975		968
Total	$	51,830	$	2,445	$	7,378,773	$	123,527

The table below provides additional information on loans accounted for on a non-accrual basis by loan class at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	30,529	$	30,747
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		20,481		20,483
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		297		94
Commercial real estate: multifamily		110		117
Residential: first lien		215		207
Total non-accrual loans	$	51,632	$	51,648

We adopted the provisions of Accounting Standards Update 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures (“ASU 2022-02”) on January 1, 2023. ASU 2022-02 eliminates the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings in existing guidance and enhances disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Additionally, ASU 2022-02 requires entities to disclose current period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases. The adoption of ASU 2022-22 did not have a significant impact to our consolidated financial statements.

We occasionally provide modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. Modifications may include certain concessions that we must evaluate under ASU 2022-02 to determine the need for disclosure. Concessions to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties that would require disclosure include principal forgiveness, term extension, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, an interest rate reduction or a combination of these concessions.

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For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we did not provide any modifications under these circumstances to any borrower experiencing financial difficulty.

Under guidance in effect prior to January 1, 2023, the following table details loans accounted for as “troubled debt restructuring,” segregated by loan class. Loans accounted for as troubled debt restructuring are included in Watch List—Doubtful loans.

	December 31, 2022
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Residential: first lien	$	1,642
Residential: junior lien		714
Consumer		802
Foreign		55
Total troubled debt restructuring	$	3,213

The Subsidiary Banks charge-off that portion of any loan which management considers to represent a loss as well as that portion of any other loan which is classified as a “loss” by bank examiners. Commercial and industrial or real estate loans are generally considered by management to represent a loss, in whole or part, when an exposure beyond any collateral coverage is apparent and when no further collection of the loss portion is anticipated based on the borrower’s financial condition and general economic conditions in the borrower’s industry. Generally, unsecured consumer loans are charged-off when 90 days past due.

While our management believes that it is generally able to identify borrowers with financial problems reasonably early and to monitor credit extended to such borrowers carefully, there is no precise method of predicting loan losses. The determination that a loan is likely to be uncollectible and that it should be wholly or partially charged-off as a loss is an exercise of judgment. Similarly, the determination of the adequacy of the ACL can be made only on a subjective basis. It is the judgment of our management that the ACL at March 31, 2023 was adequate to absorb probable losses from loans in the portfolio at that date.

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The following tables present information regarding the aging of past due loans by loan class at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	March 31, 2023
							90 Days or		Total
	30 - 59		60 - 89		90 Days or		greater &		Past				Total
	Days		Days		Greater		still accruing		Due		Current		Portfolio
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	2,162	$	217	$	30,549	$	121	$	32,928	$	1,465,174	$	1,498,102
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		14,242		—		19,982		—		34,224		2,046,914		2,081,138
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		594		4,565		—		—		5,159		2,557,940		2,563,099
Commercial real estate: multifamily		233		—		—		—		233		309,311		309,544
Residential: first lien		1,189		1,153		3,097		2,864		5,439		414,116		419,555
Residential: junior lien		1,235		258		2,051		2,051		3,544		435,810		439,354
Consumer		270		30		12		12		312		43,078		43,390
Foreign		598		11		581		581		1,190		176,401		177,591
Total past due loans	$	20,523	$	6,234	$	56,272	$	5,629	$	83,029	$	7,448,744	$	7,531,773

	December 31, 2022
							90 Days or		Total
	30 - 59		60 - 89		90 Days or		greater &		Past				Total
	Days		Days		Greater		still accruing		Due		Current		Portfolio
		(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	1,732	$	258	$	1,014	$	59	$	3,004	$	1,495,750	$	1,498,754
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		1,130		—		—		—		1,130		1,988,539		1,989,669
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		1,744		117		—		—		1,861		2,566,257		2,568,118
Commercial real estate: multifamily		—		—		—		—		—		306,501		306,501
Residential: first lien		2,023		1,068		4,189		4,061		7,280		418,444		425,724
Residential: junior lien		925		771		1,717		1,717		3,413		436,857		440,270
Consumer		281		14		7		7		302		41,290		41,592
Foreign		717		23		288		288		1,028		158,947		159,975
Total past due loans	$	8,552	$	2,251	$	7,215	$	6,132	$	18,018	$	7,412,585	$	7,430,603

The increase in Commercial loans past due 90 days or greater at March 31, 2023 can be primarily attributed to a loan secured by equipment and other assets used in the oil and gas industry as well as oil and gas production that is on non-accrual. The increase in Commercial Real Estate: Other Construction & Land Development loans past due 30 – 59 days can be primarily attributed to three relationships secured by commercial properties that were matured and in the process of being renewed. The increase in Commercial Real Estate: Other Construction & Land Development loans past due 90 days or greater can be primarily attributed to a loan secured by commercial property that is on non-accrual.

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A summary of the loan portfolio by credit quality indicator by loan class and by year of origination at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is presented below:

		2023	2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at March 31, 2023
Domestic
Commercial
Pass	$	263,913	$	530,585	$	452,955	$	87,039	$	32,481	$	68,318	$	1,435,291
Special Review		—		371		201		—		—		—		572
Watch List - Substandard		218		28,889		130		—		19		2,454		31,710
Watch List - Doubtful		—		29,789		—		739		—		1		30,529
Total Commercial	$	264,131	$	589,634	$	453,286	$	87,778	$	32,500	$	70,773	$	1,498,102
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development
Pass	$	341,573	$	840,168	$	530,211	$	186,626	$	124,467	$	37,404	$	2,060,449
Special Review		—		—		—		—		208		—		208
Watch List - Doubtful		—		19,982		407		92		—		—		20,481
Total Commercial real estate: other construction & land development	$	341,573	$	860,150	$	530,618	$	186,718	$	124,675	$	37,404	$	2,081,138
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial
Pass	$	294,941	$	723,848	$	534,498	$	353,714	$	228,974	$	336,205	$	2,472,180
Special Review		—		173		—		835		—		—		1,008
Watch List - Pass		—		16,986		243		—		—		—		17,229
Watch List - Substandard		—		54,038		4,556		2,486		93		11,212		72,385
Watch List - Doubtful		—		91		—		—		—		206		297
Total Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial	$	294,941	$	795,136	$	539,297	$	357,035	$	229,067	$	347,623	$	2,563,099
Commercial real estate: multifamily
Pass	$	45,117	$	125,030	$	50,142	$	58,802	$	11,427	$	18,916	$	309,434
Watch List - Doubtful		—		110		—		—		—		—		110
Total Commercial real estate: multifamily	$	45,117	$	125,140	$	50,142	$	58,802	$	11,427	$	18,916	$	309,544
Residential: first lien
Pass	$	71,028	$	97,907	$	76,400	$	45,354	$	32,016	$	96,356	$	419,061
Watch List - Substandard		—		—		354		66		—		—		420
Watch List - Doubtful		—		74		—		—		—		—		74
Total Residential: first lien	$	71,028	$	97,981	$	76,754	$	45,420	$	32,016	$	96,356	$	419,555
Residential: junior lien
Pass	$	15,944	$	90,944	$	103,512	$	86,758	$	39,295	$	102,583	$	439,036
Watch List- Doubtful		—		318		—		—		—		—		318
Total Residential: junior lien	$	15,944	$	91,262	$	103,512	$	86,758	$	39,295	$	102,583	$	439,354
Residential: junior lien
Consumer
Pass	$	12,176	$	24,278	$	4,412	$	542	$	344	$	1,638	$	43,390
Total Consumer	$	12,176	$	24,278	$	4,412	$	542	$	344	$	1,638	$	43,390
Foreign
Pass	$	27,135	$	119,493	$	15,902	$	4,996	$	4,479	$	5,586	$	177,591
Total Foreign	$	27,135	$	119,493	$	15,902	$	4,996	$	4,479	$	5,586	$	177,591
Total Loans	$	1,072,045	$	2,703,074	$	1,773,923	$	828,049	$	473,803	$	680,879	$	7,531,773

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		2022	2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2022
Domestic
Commercial
Pass	$	736,462	$	524,879	$	96,401	$	35,917	$	43,792	$	29,464	$	1,466,915
Special Review		377		213		—		—		—		—		590
Watch List - Substandard		161		149		143		—		49		—		502
Watch List - Doubtful		29,789		—		954		—		—		4		30,747
Total Commercial	$	766,789	$	525,241	$	97,498	$	35,917	$	43,841	$	29,468	$	1,498,754
Commercial
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development
Pass	$	913,675	$	666,347	$	173,824	$	174,897	$	35,069	$	5,165	$	1,968,977
Special Review		—		—		—		209		—		—		209
Watch List - Doubtful		19,982		407		94		—		—		—		20,483
Total Commercial real estate: other construction & land development	$	933,657	$	666,754	$	173,918	$	175,106	$	35,069	$	5,165	$	1,989,669
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial
Pass	$	811,117	$	584,134	$	456,200	$	232,537	$	325,214	$	81,295	$	2,490,497
Special Review		2,855		—		842		—		—		—		3,697
Watch List - Pass		17,060		247		—		—		—		—		17,307
Watch List - Substandard		2,275		—		54,152		96		—		—		56,523
Watch List - Doubtful		94		—		—		—		—		—		94
Total Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial	$	833,401	$	584,381	$	511,194	$	232,633	$	325,214	$	81,295	$	2,568,118
Commercial real estate: multifamily
Pass	$	127,680	$	87,469	$	59,035	$	12,026	$	5,490	$	14,684	$	306,384
Watch List - Doubtful		117		—		—		—		—		—		117
Total Commercial real estate: multifamily	$	127,797	$	87,469	$	59,035	$	12,026	$	5,490	$	14,684	$	306,501
Residential: first lien
Pass	$	138,771	$	82,466	$	49,591	$	40,985	$	33,814	$	79,660	$	425,287
Watch List - Substandard		—		360		—		—		—		—		360
Watch List - Doubtful		77		—		—		—		—		—		77
Total Residential: first lien	$	138,848	$	82,826	$	49,591	$	40,985	$	33,814	$	79,660	$	425,724
Residential: junior lien
Pass	$	92,256	$	108,815	$	91,130	$	41,273	$	21,975	$	84,509	$	439,958
Watch List- Doubtful		—		312		—		—		—		—		312
Total Residential: junior lien	$	92,256	$	109,127	$	91,130	$	41,273	$	21,975	$	84,509	$	440,270
Consumer
Pass	$	31,962	$	6,603	$	897	$	489	$	28	$	1,613	$	41,592
Total Consumer	$	31,962	$	6,603	$	897	$	489	$	28	$	1,613	$	41,592
Foreign
Pass	$	124,265	$	19,082	$	5,362	$	4,848	$	3,417	$	3,001	$	159,975
Total Foreign	$	124,265	$	19,082	$	5,362	$	4,848	$	3,417	$	3,001	$	159,975
Total Loans	$	3,048,975	$	2,081,483	$	988,625	$	543,277	$	468,848	$	299,395	$	7,430,603

The increase in Watch-List Substandard Commercial loans at March 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022 can be primarily attributed to a loan secured by accounts receivable that was downgraded from Pass.  The increase in Watch-List Substandard Commercial Real Estate: Farmland & Commercial loans at March 31, 2022 compared to December 31, 2022 can be primarily attributed to the downgrade from Pass of two loans that are secured by real estate.  

Note 5 — Stock Options

On April 5, 2012, the Board of Directors adopted the 2012 International Bancshares Corporation Stock Option Plan (the “2012 Plan”). There were 800,000 shares of common stock available for stock option grants under the 2012

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Plan, which were qualified incentive stock options (“ISOs”) or non-qualified stock options. Options granted may be exercisable for a period of up to 10 years from the date of grant, excluding ISOs granted to 10% shareholders, which may be exercisable for a period of up to only five years. On April 4, 2022 the 2012 plan expired and was not renewed.

A summary of option activity under the stock option plan for the three months ended March 31, 2023 is as follows:

				Weighted
		Weighted		average
		average		remaining	Aggregate
	Number of	exercise		contractual	intrinsic
	options	price		term (years)	value ($)
					(in Thousands)
Options outstanding at December 31, 2022	461,822	$	29.67
Plus: Options granted	—		—
Less:
Options exercised	3,537		24.00
Options expired	—		—
Options forfeited	2,938		36.51
Options outstanding at March 31, 2023	455,347		29.67	3.82	$	5,987
Options fully vested and exercisable at March 31, 2023	257,932	$	25.20	2.06	$	4,545

Stock-based compensation expense included in the consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 was $102,000 and $121,000, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, there was approximately $660,000 of total unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to non-vested options granted under our plans that will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.6 years.

On April 18, 2022, the Board of Directors adopted the 2022 International Bancshares Corporation Stock Appreciation Rights Plan (the “SAR Plan”). There are 750,000 shares of underlying common stock that may be used for stock appreciation right (“SAR”) grants under the plan, however, no actual shares will be granted. Upon exercise, the SAR will be settled in cash. SARs granted may be exercisable for a period of up to 10 years from the date of grant and may vest over an eight-year period. As of March 31, 2023, a total of 502,250 SARs had been issued under the SAR Plan.

A summary of activity under the SAR Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2023 is as follows:

				Weighted
		Weighted		average
	Number of	average		remaining	Aggregate
	stock appreciation	exercise		contractual	intrinsic
	rights	price		term (years)	value ($)
					(in Thousands)
Stock appreciation rights outstanding at December 31, 2022	489,250	$	39.35
Plus: Stock appreciation rights granted
Less:
Stock appreciation rights exercised	—		—
Stock appreciation rights expired	—		—
Stock appreciation rights forfeited	5,750		39.33
Stock appreciation rights outstanding at March 31, 2023	483,500		39.35	9.50	$	1,680
Stock appreciation rights fully vested and exercisable at March 31, 2023	—	$	—

The fair value of the liability for payments due to stock appreciation rights holders at March 31, 2023 is approximately $712,000, as calculated using a Black-Sholes Merton model, and is included in other liabilities on the

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consolidated statements of condition. The expense recorded in connection with all grants under the SAR Plan totaled $166,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Note 6 — Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments

We classify debt securities into one of three categories: held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, or trading. Such debt securities are reassessed for appropriate classification at each reporting date. Securities classified as “held-to-maturity” are carried at amortized cost for financial statement reporting, while securities classified as “available-for-sale” and “trading” are carried at their fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses are included in net income for those securities classified as “trading,” while unrealized holding gains and losses related to those securities classified as “available-for-sale” are excluded from net income and reported net of tax as other comprehensive income (loss) and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until realized, or in the case of losses, when deemed other than temporary. Available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities in an unrealized loss position are evaluated for the underlying cause of the loss. In the event that the deterioration in value is attributable to credit related reasons, then the amount of credit-related impairment will be recorded as a charge to our ACL with subsequent changes in the amount of impairment, up or down, also recorded through our ACL. We have evaluated the debt securities classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at March 31, 2023 and have determined that no debt securities in an unrealized loss position are arising from credit related reasons and have therefore not recorded any allowances for debt securities in our ACL for the period. Unrealized gains and losses related to equity securities with readily determinable fair values are included in net income.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value by type of investment security at March 31, 2023 are as follows:

	Held to Maturity
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		Estimated		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		fair value		value
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Other securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400
Total investment securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400

	Available for Sale Debt Securities
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		Estimated		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		fair value		value(1)
	(Dollars in Thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,967	$	—	$	(42)	$	49,925	$	49,925
Residential mortgage-backed securities		5,184,217		5,289		(542,277)		4,647,229		4,647,229
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		162,947		1,485		(1,768)		162,664		162,664
Total investment securities	$	5,397,131	$	6,774	$	(544,087)	$	4,859,818	$	4,859,818

(1) Included in the carrying value of residential mortgage-backed securities are $810,907 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae and $3,836,322 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value by type of investment security at December 31, 2022 are as follows:

	Held to Maturity
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		Estimated		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		fair value		value
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Other securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400
Total investment securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400

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	Available for Sale
			Gross		Gross		Estimated
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		fair		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		value		value(1)
	(Dollars in Thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,752	$	—	$	(359)	$	49,393	$	49,393
Residential mortgage-backed securities		4,805,735		3,145		(599,668)		4,209,212		4,209,212
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		163,509		927		(5,245)		159,191		159,191
Total investment securities	$	5,018,996	$	4,072	$	(605,272)	$	4,417,796	$	4,417,796

(1) Included in the carrying value of residential mortgage-backed securities are $681,121 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae and $3,528,091 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities at March 31, 2023, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

	Held to Maturity				Available for Sale
	Amortized		Estimated		Amortized		Estimated
	Cost		fair value		Cost		fair value
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	1,075	$	1,075	$	49,967	$	49,925
Due after one year through five years		2,325		2,325		—		—
Due after five years through ten years		—		—		440		440
Due after ten years		—		—		162,507		162,224
Residential mortgage-backed securities		—		—		5,184,217		4,647,229
Total investment securities	$	3,400	$	3,400	$	5,397,131	$	4,859,818

Residential mortgage-backed securities are securities primarily issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), or the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”). Investments in residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae are fully guaranteed by the U.S. Government. Investments in residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae are not fully guaranteed by the U.S. Government, however, we believe that the quality of the bonds is similar to other AAA rated bonds with limited credit risk, particularly given the placement of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac into conservatorship by the federal government in early September 2008 and because securities issued by others that are collateralized by residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac are rated consistently as AAA rated securities.

The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale debt investment securities pledged to qualify for fiduciary powers, to secure public monies as required by law, repurchase agreements and short-term fixed borrowings was $1,428,702,000 and $1,249,080,000, respectively, at March 31, 2023.

Proceeds from the sale and calls of debt securities available-for-sale were $450,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, which included $0 and $0 of mortgage-backed securities. Gross gains of $0 and gross losses of $0 were realized on the sales and calls for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Proceeds from the sale and call of debt securities available-for-sale were $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which included $0 of mortgage-backed securities. Gross gains of $0 and gross losses of $0 were realized on the sales and calls for the three months ended March 31, 2022, respectively.

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Gross unrealized losses on debt investment securities and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual debt securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at March 31, 2023, were as follows:

	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Available for sale:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,925	$	(42)	$	—	$	—	$	49,925	$	(42)
Residential mortgage-backed securities		1,438,275		(44,176)		2,969,348		(498,101)		4,407,623		(542,277)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		105,758		(1,768)		—		—		105,758		(1,768)
	$	1,593,958	$	(45,986)	$	2,969,348	$	(498,101)	$	4,563,306	$	(544,087)

Gross unrealized losses on investment securities and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2022 were as follows:

	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Available for sale:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,394	$	(359)	$	—	$	—	$	49,394	$	(359)
Residential mortgage-backed securities		1,357,905		(87,815)		2,566,975		(511,853)		3,924,880		(599,668)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		118,772		(5,245)		—		—		118,772		(5,245)
	$	1,526,071	$	(93,419)	$	2,566,975	$	(511,853)	$	4,093,046	$	(605,272)

The unrealized losses on investments in residential mortgage-backed securities are primarily caused by changes in market interest rates. We have no intent to sell and will more than likely not be required to sell before a market price recovery or maturity of the securities; therefore, it is our conclusion that the investments in residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae and Ginnie Mae are not considered other-than-temporarily impaired. We generally use a dollar cost averaging method of investing to manage our investment portfolio thereby averaging our investment returns over time.

Equity securities with readily determinable fair values consist primarily of Community Reinvestment Act funds. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the balance in equity securities with readily determinable fair values recorded at fair value were $5,392,000 and $5,358,000, respectively. The following is a summary of unrealized and realized gains and losses recognized in net income on equity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the three months ended March 31, 2022:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2023
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Net gains recognized during the period on equity securities	$	34
Less: Net gains and (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period		—
Unrealized gains recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date	$	34

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	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2022
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Net losses recognized during the period on equity securities	$	(269)
Less: Net gains and (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period		—
Unrealized losses recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date	$	(269)

Other investments include equity and merchant banking investments held by our subsidiary banks and non-banking entities. We hold ownership interests in limited partnerships for the purpose of investing in low-income housing tax credit (“LIHTC”) projects. The partnerships may acquire, construct or rehabilitate housing for low- and moderate-income individuals. We realize a return primarily from federal tax credits and other federal tax deductions associated with the underlying projects. We are a limited partner in the partnerships, and not required to consolidate the entities in our consolidated financial statements. Investments in LIHTC projects totaled $214,549,000 at March 31, 2023 and at December 31, 2022 and are included in other investments on the consolidated financial statements. Unfunded commitments to LIHTC projects totaled $37,357,000 at March 31, 2023 and $41,191,000 at December 31, 2022 and are included in other liabilities on the consolidated financial statements.

Note 7 — Other Borrowed Funds

Other borrowed funds include FHLB borrowings, which are short-term and long-term borrowings issued by the FHLB of Dallas at the market price offered at the time of funding. These borrowings are secured by residential mortgage-backed investment securities and a portion of our loan portfolio. At March 31, 2023, other borrowed funds totaled $10,895,000 compared to $10,944,000 at December 31, 2022.

Note 8 — Junior Subordinated Interest Deferrable Debentures

As of March 31, 2023, we had five statutory business trusts under the laws of the State of Delaware, for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. The five statutory business trusts we formed (the “Trusts”) each issued Capital and Common Securities and invested the proceeds thereof in an equivalent amount of junior subordinated debentures (“Debentures”) that we issued. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the principal amount of Debentures outstanding totaled $134,642,000.

The Debentures are subordinated and junior in right of payment to all present and future senior indebtedness (as defined in the respective Indentures) and are pari passu with one another. The interest rate payable on, and the payment terms of the Debentures are the same as the distribution rate and payment terms of the respective issues of Capital and Common Securities issued by the Trusts. We have fully and unconditionally guaranteed the obligations of each of the Trusts with respect to the Capital and Common Securities. We have the right, unless an Event of Default (as defined in the Indentures) has occurred and is continuing, to defer payment of interest on the Debentures for up to twenty consecutive quarterly periods on Trusts VIII, IX, X, XI and XII. If interest payments on any of the Debentures are deferred, distributions on both the Capital and Common Securities related to that Debenture would also be deferred. The redemption prior to maturity of any of the Debentures may require the prior approval of the Federal Reserve and/or other regulatory bodies.

For financial reporting purposes, the Trusts are treated as our investments and not consolidated in our consolidated financial statements. Although the Capital and Common Securities issued by each of the Trusts are not included as a component of shareholders’ equity on the consolidated statement of condition, the Capital and Common Securities are treated as capital for regulatory purposes. Specifically, under applicable regulatory guidelines, the Capital and Common Securities issued by the Trusts qualify as Tier 1 capital up to a maximum of 25% of Tier 1 capital on an

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aggregate basis. Any amount that exceeds the 25% threshold would qualify as Tier 2 capital. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the total $134,642,000 of the Capital and Common Securities outstanding qualified as Tier 1 capital.

The following table illustrates key information about each of the Capital and Common Securities and their interest rate at March 31, 2023:

	Junior
	Subordinated
	Deferrable
	Interest		Repricing	Interest		Interest				Optional
	Debentures		Frequency	Rate		Rate Index(1)			Maturity Date	Redemption Date(1)
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Trust VIII	$	25,774	Quarterly	7.88	%	LIBOR	+	3.05	October 2033	October 2008
Trust IX		41,238	Quarterly	6.37	%	LIBOR	+	1.62	October 2036	October 2011
Trust X		21,021	Quarterly	6.46	%	LIBOR	+	1.65	February 2037	February 2012
Trust XI		25,990	Quarterly	6.37	%	LIBOR	+	1.62	July 2037	July 2012
Trust XII		20,619	Quarterly	6.41	%	LIBOR	+	1.45	September 2037	September 2012
	$	134,642

(1)   The Capital and Common Securities may be redeemed in whole or in part on any interest payment date after the Optional Redemption Date.

Note 9 — Common Stock and Dividends

We paid cash dividends of $.63 per share on February 28, 2023 to record holders of our common stock on February 15, 2023. We paid cash dividends of $.60 per share on February 28, 2022 to record holders of our common Stock on February 15, 2022.

In April 2009, the Board of Directors re-established a formal stock repurchase program that authorized the repurchase of up to $40 million of common stock within the following 12 months. Annually since then, including on February 21, 2023, the Board of Directors extended and increased the repurchase program to purchase up to $124 million of common stock during the 12-month period commencing on March 15, 2023. Shares of common stock may be purchased from time to time on the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. Shares purchased in this program will be held in treasury for reissue for various corporate purposes, including employee compensation plans. During the first quarter of 2023, the Board of Directors adopted a Rule 10b-18 trading plan and a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan and intends to adopt additional Rule 10b-18 and Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, which will allow us to purchase shares of our common stock during certain open and blackout periods when we ordinarily would not be in the market due to trading restrictions in our insider trading policy. During the terms of both a Rule 10b-18 and Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, purchases of common stock are automatic to the extent the conditions of the plan’s trading instructions are met. Shares purchased under these trading plans will be held in treasury for reissue for various corporate purposes, including employee stock compensation plans. As of May 1, 2023, a total of 13,615,730 shares had been repurchased under all programs at a cost of $411,099,000. We are not obligated to purchase shares under our stock repurchase program outside of the Rule 10b-18 and Rule 10b5-1trading plans.

Note 10 — Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

We are involved in various legal proceedings that are in various stages of litigation. We have determined, based on discussions with its counsel, that any material loss in such actions, individually or in the aggregate, is remote or the damages sought, even if fully recovered, would not be considered material to our consolidated financial position or results of operations. However, many of these matters are in various stages of proceedings and further developments could cause management to revise its assessment of these matters.

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Note 11 — Capital Ratios

Banks and bank holding companies are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by state and federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amount and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgements by regulators about components, risk-weighting and other factors.

In July 2013, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) and other regulatory bodies established a new, comprehensive capital framework for U.S. banking organizations, consisting of minimum requirements that increase both the quantity and quality of capital held by banking organizations. The final rules are a result of the implementation of the BASEL III capital reforms and various Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd Frank”) related capital provisions. Consistent with the Basel international framework, the rules include a minimum ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) to risk-weighted assets of 4.5% and a CET1 capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets. The capital conservation buffer began phasing-in on January 1, 2016 at .625% and increased each year until January 1, 2019, when we were required to have a 2.5% capital conservation buffer, effectively resulting in a minimum ratio of CET1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 7% upon full implementation. The rules also raised the minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets from 4% to 6% and include a minimum leverage ratio of 4% for all banking organizations. Regarding the quality of capital, the rules emphasize CET1 capital and implements strict eligibility criteria for regulatory capital instruments. The rules also improve the methodology for calculating risk-weighted assets to enhance risk sensitivity. The rules were subject to a four-year phase in period for mandatory compliance and we were required to begin to phase in the rules beginning on January 1, 2015. We believe that as of March 31, 2023, we continue to meet all fully phased-in capital adequacy requirements.

On November 21, 2017, the OCC, the Federal Reserve and the FDIC finalized a proposed rule that extends the current treatment under the regulatory capital rules for certain regulatory capital deductions and risk weights and certain minority interest requirements, as they apply to banking organizations that are not subject to the advanced approaches capital rules. Effective January 1, 2018, the rule also paused the full transition to the Basel III treatment of mortgage servicing assets, certain deferred tax assets, investments in the capital of unconsolidated financial institutions and minority interests. The agencies are also considering whether to make adjustments to the capital rules in response to CECL (the FASB Standard relating to current expected credit loss) and its potential impact on regulatory capital.

On December 7, 2017, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision unveiled the latest round of its regulatory capital framework, commonly called “Basel IV.” The framework makes changes to the capital framework first introduced as “Basel III” in 2010. The committee targeted 2022-2027 as the timeframe for implementation by regulators in individual countries, including the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies (after notice and comment).

The aforementioned capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions with a ratio of CET1 capital to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the conservation buffer will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall.

As of March 31, 2023, our capital levels continue to exceed all capital adequacy requirements under the Basel III Capital Rules as currently applicable to us.

On May 24, 2018, the EGRRCPA was enacted and, among other things, it includes a simplified capital rule change which effectively exempts banks with assets of less than $10 billion that exceed the “community bank leverage ratio,” from all risk-based capital requirements, including Basel III and its predecessors. The federal banking agencies must establish the “community bank leverage ratio” (a ratio of tangible equity to average consolidated assets) between 8% and 10% before community banks can begin to take advantage of this regulatory relief provision. Some of the Subsidiary Banks, with assets of less than $10 billion, may qualify for this exemption. Additionally, under the EGRRCPA, qualified bank holding companies with assets of up to $3 billion (currently $1 billion) will be eligible for the Federal Reserve’s Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement, which eases limitations on the issuance of debt by holding companies. On August 28, 2018, the Federal Reserve issued an interim final rule expanding the applicability of its Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement. While holding companies that meet the conditions of the policy

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statement are excluded from consolidated capital requirements, their depository institutions continue to be subject to minimum capital requirements. Finally, for banks that continue to be subject to the risk-based capital rules of Basel III (e.g., 150%), certain commercial real estate loans that were formally classified as high volatility commercial real estate 31 (“HVCRE”) will not be subject to heightened risk weights if they meet certain criteria. Also, while acquisition, development, and construction (“ADC”) loans will generally be subject to heightened risk weights, certain exceptions will apply. On September 18, 2018, the federal banking agencies issued a proposed rule modifying the agencies’ capital rules for HVCRE.

We had a CET1 to risk-weighted assets ratio of 20.43% on March 31, 2023 and 20.21% on December 31, 2022. We had a Tier 1 capital-to-average-total-asset (leverage) ratio of 15.61% and 14.59%, risk-weighted Tier 1 capital ratio of 21.37% and 21.04% and risk-weighted total capital ratio of 22.60% and 22.22% at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Our CET1 capital consists of common stock and related surplus, net of treasury stock, and retained earnings. We and our Subsidiary Banks elected to opt-out of the requirement to include most components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the calculation of CET1 capital. CET1 is reduced by goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities and subject to transition provisions. Tier 1 capital includes CET1 capital and additional Tier 1 capital. Additional Tier 1 capital includes the Capital and Common Securities issued by the Trusts (see Note 8 above) up to a maximum of 25% of Tier 1 capital on an aggregate basis. Any amount that exceeds the 25% threshold qualifies as Tier 2 capital. As of March 31, 2023, the total of $134,642,000 of the Capital and Common Securities outstanding qualified as Tier 1 capital. We actively monitor the regulatory capital ratios to ensure that our Subsidiary Banks are well-capitalized under the regulatory framework.

The CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratios are calculated by dividing the respective capital amounts by risk-weighted assets. Risk-weighted assets are calculated based on regulatory requirements and include total assets, excluding goodwill and other intangible assets, allocated by risk-weight category, and certain off-balance-sheet items, among other things. The leverage ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by adjusted quarterly average total assets, which exclude goodwill and other intangible assets, among other things.

We and our Subsidiary Banks are subject to the regulatory capital requirements administered by the Federal Reserve, and, for our Subsidiary Banks, the FDIC. Regulatory authorities can initiate certain mandatory actions if we or any of our Subsidiary Banks fail to meet the minimum capital requirements, which could have a direct material effect on our financial statements. Management believes, as of March 31, 2023, that we and each of our Subsidiary Banks meet all capital adequacy requirements to which we are subject.

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As used in this report, the words “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to International Bancshares Corporation, a Texas corporation, its five wholly-owned subsidiary banks, and other subsidiaries. The information that follows may contain forward-looking statements, which are qualified as indicated under “Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in Item 2 (Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations) of this report. Our website address is www.ibc.com.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, and notes thereto, for the year ended December 31, 2022, which are included in our 2022 Annual Report. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2023, or any future period.

Special Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward Looking Information

Certain matters discussed in this report, excluding historical information, include forward-looking statements, within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are subject to the safe harbor created by these sections. Although we believe such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, no assurance can be given that every objective will be reached. The words “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “believe” and “project,” as well as other words or expressions of a similar meaning are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. Such statements are based on current expectations, are inherently uncertain, are subject to risks and should be viewed with caution. Actual results and experience may differ materially from the forward-looking statements as a result of many factors.

Risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from any results that we project, forecast, estimate or budget in forward-looking statements include those disclosed in Item 1A to Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on February 23, 2023 (our “2022 Form 10-K”), among others, the following:

● Local, regional, national and international economic business conditions and the impact they may have on us, our customers, and our customers’ ability to transact profitable business with us, including the ability of our borrowers to repay their loans according to their terms or a change in the value of the related collateral.

● Volatility and disruption in national and international financial markets.

● Government intervention in the U.S. financial system.

● The unavailability of funding from the FHLB, the Federal Reserve Bank or other sources in the future which could adversely impact our growth strategy, prospects and performance.

● Changes in consumer spending, borrowing and saving habits.

● Changes in interest rates and market prices, including, changes in federal regulations on the payment of interest on demand deposits.

● Changes in our ability to retain or access deposits due to changes in public confidence in the banking system and the potential threat of bank-run contagion fueled by, among other factors, economic instability, inflationary pressures, the public’s increased exposure to social media and the rapid speed at which communication and coordination via social media can occur.

● Changes in the capital markets we utilize, including changes in the interest rate environment that may reduce margins.

● Changes in state and/or federal laws and regulations, including the impact of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) as a regulator of financial institutions, changes in the accounting, tax and regulatory treatment of trust preferred securities, as well as changes in banking, tax, securities, insurance, employment, environmental and immigration laws and regulations and the risk of litigation that may follow.

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● Changes in U.S.—Mexico trade, including, reductions in border crossings and commerce, integration and implementation of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement and the possible imposition of tariffs on imported goods.

● Political instability in the United States or Mexico.

● General instability of economic and political conditions in the United States, including inflationary pressures, increased interest rates, economic slowdown or recession, and escalating geopolitical tensions.

● The reduction of deposits from nonresident alien individuals due to the Internal Revenue Service rules requiring U.S. financial institutions to report deposit interest payments made to such individuals.

● The loss of senior management or operating personnel.

● The timing, impact and other uncertainties of potential future acquisitions as well as our ability to maintain our current branch network and enter new markets to capitalize on growth opportunities.

● Changes in estimates of future reserve requirements based upon periodic review thereof under relevant regulatory and accounting requirements.

● Additions to our allowance for credit loss as a result of changes in local, national or international conditions which adversely affect our customers.

● Greater than expected costs or difficulties related to the development and integration of new products and lines of business.

● Increased labor costs and effects related to health care reform and other laws, regulations and legal developments impacting labor costs.

● Impairment of carrying value of goodwill could negatively impact our earnings and capital.

● Changes in the soundness of other financial institutions with which we interact.

● Technological changes, system failures or breaches of our network security, as well as other cyber security risks that could subject us to increased operating costs, litigation and other liabilities.

● Acts of war or terrorism.

● Natural disasters or other adverse external events such as pandemics or endemics.

● Reduced earnings resulting from the write down of the carrying value of securities held in our securities available-for-sale portfolios.

● The effect of changes in accounting policies and practices by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the Financial Accounting Standards Board and other accounting standards setters.

● The costs and effects of regulatory developments or regulatory or other governmental, the results of regulatory examinations or reviews, and the process of obtaining required regulatory approvals.

● The effect of any supervisory and enforcement efforts by the CFPB related to Regulation E, which prohibits financial institutions from charging consumer fees for paying overdrafts on ATM and one-time debit card transactions, as well as the effect of any other regulatory or legal developments that limit overdraft services.

● Monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. Government, including policies of the U.S. Treasury and the Federal Reserve Board.

● The reduction of income and possible increase in required capital levels related to the adoption of legislation and the implementing rules and regulations, including those that establish debit card interchange fee standards and prohibit network exclusivity arrangements and routing restrictions.

● The increase in required capital levels related to the implementation of capital and liquidity rules of the federal banking agencies that address or are impacted by the Basel III capital and liquidity standards.

● The enhanced due diligence burden imposed on banks related to the banks’ inability to rely on credit ratings under Dodd-Frank.

● Our failure or circumvention of our internal controls and risk management, policies and procedures.

Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made. It is not possible to foresee or identify all such factors. We make no commitment to update any forward-looking statement, or to disclose any facts, events or circumstances after the date hereof that may affect the accuracy of any forward-looking statement, unless required by law.

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Overview

We are headquartered in Laredo, Texas with 167 facilities and 257 ATMs, and provide banking services for commercial, consumer and international customers of North, South, Central and Southeast Texas and the State of Oklahoma. We are one of the largest independent commercial bank holding companies headquartered in Texas. We, through our Subsidiary Banks, are in the business of gathering funds from various sources and investing those funds in order to earn a return. We, either directly or through a Subsidiary Bank, own an insurance agency, a liquidating subsidiary, a fifty percent interest in an investment banking unit that owns a broker/dealer, a controlling interest in four merchant banking entities, and a majority ownership in a real-estate development partnership. Our primary earnings come from the spread between the interest earned on interest-bearing assets and the interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities. In addition, we generate income from fees on products offered to commercial, consumer and international customers. The sales team of each of our Subsidiary Banks aims to match the right mix of products and services to each customer to best serve the customer’s needs. That process entails spending time with customers to assess those needs and servicing the sales arising from those discussions on a long-term basis. The Subsidiary Banks have various compensation plans, including incentive based compensation, for fairly compensating employees. The Subsidiary Banks also have a robust process in place to review sales that support the incentive based compensation plan to monitor the quality of the sales and identify any significant irregularities, a process that has been in place for many years.

We are very active in facilitating trade along the United States border with Mexico. We do a large amount of business with customers domiciled in Mexico. Deposits from persons and entities domiciled in Mexico comprise a large and stable portion of the deposit base of our Subsidiary Banks. We also serve the growing Hispanic population through our facilities located throughout South, Central and Southeast Texas and the State of Oklahoma.

Future economic conditions remain uncertain and the impact of those conditions on our business also remains uncertain. Our business depends on the willingness and ability of our customers to conduct banking and other financial transactions. Our revenue streams including service charges on deposits and banking and non-banking service charges and fees (ATM and Interchange Income) have been impacted and may continue to be impacted in the future if economic conditions do not improve. Expense control has been a long-time focus and essential element to our long-term profitability. We have kept that focus in mind as we continue to look at operations and create efficiencies and institute cost-control protocols at all levels. We will continue to monitor our efficiency ratio, a measure of non-interest expense to net interest income plus non-interest income and our overhead burden ratio, a ratio of our operating expenses against total assets, closely. We use these measures in determining if we are accomplishing our long-term goals of controlling our costs in order to provide superior returns to our shareholders.

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Results of Operations

Summary

Consolidated Statements of Condition Information

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		Percent Increase (Decrease)
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Assets	$	15,134,951	$	15,501,476	(2.4)	%
Net loans		7,398,216		7,304,631	1.3
Deposits		12,280,779		12,660,007	(3.0)
Securities sold under repurchase agreements		383,502		431,191	(11.1)
Other borrowed funds		10,895		10,944	(0.4)
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures		134,642		134,642	—
Shareholders’ equity		2,156,408		2,044,759	5.5

Consolidated Statements of Income Information

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Percent
	(Dollars in Thousands)				Increase
	2023		2022		(Decrease)
Interest income	$	188,149	$	96,432	95.1	%
Interest expense		22,964		6,386	259.6
Net interest income		165,185		90,046	83.4
Provision for probable loan losses		8,587		1,481	479.8
Non-interest income		40,362		43,512	(7.2)
Non-interest expense		68,029		64,118	6.1
Net income		101,643		53,493	90.0	%
Per common share:
Basic	$	1.64	$	.84	95.2	%
Diluted		1.63		.84	94.0

Net Income

Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased by 90.0% compared to the same period of 2022. Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was positively impacted by an increase in net interest income and is primarily attributable to an increase in the size of our investment portfolio, the interest earned on funds held at the Federal Reserve Bank, and an increase in loan interest income, of which the latter two have increased consistent with recent Federal Reserve Board actions to raise interest rates in 2022 and 2023. The increase in those revenue streams coupled with the cost control initiatives to streamline operations and increase efficiency in recent years have been the primary drivers in achieving these results.

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Net Interest Income

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Percent
	(Dollars in Thousands)				Increase
	2023		2022		(Decrease)
Interest Income:
Loans, including fees	$	142,270	$	81,488	74.6	%
Investment securities:
Taxable		29,809		13,190	126.0
Tax-exempt		1,578		350	350.9
Other interest income		14,492		1,404	932.2
Total interest income		188,149		96,432	95.1
Interest expense:
Savings deposits		11,694		1,101	962.1
Time deposits		6,829		2,504	172.7
Securities sold under Repurchase agreements		2,142		184	1,064.1
Other borrowings		71		1,888	(96.2)
Junior subordinated interest deferrable debentures		2,228		709	214.2
Total interest expense		22,964		6,386	259.6
Net interest income	$	165,185	$	90,046	83.4	%

The increase in net interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 can be attributed to an increase in the size of our investment portfolio, the interest earned on funds held at the Federal Reserve Bank, and an increase in loan interest income, of which the latter two have increase consistent with Federal Reserve actions to raise interest rates in 2022 and 2023. Net interest income is the spread between income on interest earning assets, such as loans and securities, and the interest expense on liabilities used to fund those assets, such as deposits, repurchase agreements and funds borrowed. As part of our strategy to manage interest rate risk, we strive to manage both assets and liabilities so that interest sensitivities match. One method of calculating interest rate sensitivity is through gap analysis. A gap is the difference between the amount of interest rate sensitive assets and interest rate sensitive liabilities that re-price or mature in a given time period. Positive gaps occur when interest rate sensitive assets exceed interest rate sensitive liabilities, and negative gaps occur when interest rate sensitive liabilities exceed interest rate sensitive assets. A positive gap position in a period of rising interest rates should have a positive effect on net interest income as assets will re-price faster than liabilities. Conversely, net interest income should contract somewhat in a period of falling interest rates. Our management can quickly change our interest rate position at any given point in time as market conditions dictate. Additionally, interest rate changes do not affect all categories of assets and liabilities equally or at the same time. Analytical techniques we employ to supplement gap analysis include simulation analysis to quantify interest rate risk exposure. The gap analysis prepared by management is reviewed by our Investment Committee twice a year (see table on page 43 for the March 31, 2023 gap analysis). Our management currently believes that we are properly positioned for interest rate changes; however if our management determines at any time that we are not properly positioned, we will strive to adjust the interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities in order to manage the effect of interest rate changes.

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Non-Interest Income

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Percent
	(Dollars in Thousands)				Increase
	2023		2022		(Decrease)
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	17,553	$	17,257	1.7	%
Other service charges, commissions and fees
Banking		14,055		12,516	12.3
Non-banking		1,954		1,765	10.7
Investment securities transactions, net		—		—	—
Other investments, net		2,955		2,882	2.5
Other income		3,845		9,092	(57.7)
Total non-interest income	$	40,362	$	43,512	(7.2)	%

Total non-interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased by 7.2% compared to the same period of 2022. Non-interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 continues to be positively impacted due to an increase in service charges on deposits as customer activity continues to increase from previously depressed levels resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Non-interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was positively impacted by gains on the sale of some properties from our branch network as we continue to monitor and evaluate our retail branch footprint and align the footprint with customer activity.

Non-Interest Expense

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Percent
	(Dollars in Thousands)				Increase
	2023		2022		(Decrease)
Employee compensation and benefits	$	32,859	$	31,119	5.6	%
Occupancy		6,326		6,272	0.9
Depreciation of bank premises and equipment		5,466		5,475	(0.2)
Professional fees		3,590		2,318	54.9
Deposit insurance assessments		4,138		1,057	291.5
Net operations, other real estate owned		(1,745)		(408)	327.7
Advertising		1,264		1,440	(12.2)
Software and software maintenance		4,969		4,177	19.0
Other		11,162		12,668	(11.9)
Total non-interest expense	$	68,029	$	64,118	6.1	%

Non-interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased by 6.1% compared to the same period of 2022. The increase in non-interest expense can be primarily attributed to an increase in our employee compensation and benefits costs as we continue to review and adjust our compensation and benefit programs to recognize performance and retain our workforce. We continue to monitor and manage our controllable non-interest expenses through a variety of measures with the ultimate goal of ensuring we align non-interest expenses with our operations and revenue streams.

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Financial Condition

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses increased 6.0% to $133,557,000 at March 31, 2023 from $125,972,000 at December 31, 2022. The provision for credit losses charged to expense increased 479.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to $8,587,000 compared to $1,481,000 for the same period of 2022. The credit loss charged to expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 has increased from the same period of 2022 in order to provide some protection from potential losses in our loan portfolio given the high level of uncertainty in the economy and a potential economic recession on the horizon. We have increased the severity of some of the qualitative loss factors in certain pools of the portfolio to encompass the economic uncertainty, resulting in an increase in the required ACL. The pool specific qualitative loss factors management deemed appropriate for the ACL calculation at December 31, 2022 remained constant in the March 31, 2023 ACL calculation. The allowance for credit losses was 1.77% of total loans at March 31, 2023 and 1.70% of total loans at December 31, 2022.

Investment Securities

Residential mortgage-backed debt securities are securities primarily issued by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, or Ginnie Mae. Investments in debt residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae are fully guaranteed by the U.S. Government. Investments in debt residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae are not fully guaranteed by the U.S. Government, however, we believe that the quality of the bonds is similar to other AAA rated bonds with limited credit risk, particularly given the placement of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac into conservatorship by the federal government in early September 2008 and because securities issued by others that are collateralized by residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac are rated consistently as AAA rated securities.

Loans

Total loans increased by 1.4% to $7,531,773,000 at March 31, 2023, from $7,430,603,000 at December 31, 2022.

Deposits

Deposits decreased by 3.0% to $12,280,779,000 at March 31, 2023, compared to $12,660,007,000 at December 31, 2022. Deposits decreased at March 31, 2023 as a result of increased general activities by customers and due to increased competition for deposits by the federal government and due to overly aggressive pricing by competitors. We have closely monitored the rates paid on deposits by competitors and have made changes to our pricing accordingly in order to remain competitive in an effort to retain deposits. Because of our significant levels of liquidity, we actively monitor deposit accounts, and in some cases determine that it is in our best interest to allow some deposits to runoff because the rates being offered by our competition are beyond levels we are willing to pay at this point in time. Those actions are carefully considered by our executive leadership team in order to manage our deposit base and the cost of our deposits. The five separately charted banks within our holding company structure also allows us to work with customers to maximize their FDIC insurance levels and provide additional levels of insured deposits.

Foreign Operations

On March 31, 2023, we had $15,134,951,000 of consolidated assets, of which approximately $177,591,000, or 1.2%, was related to loans outstanding to borrowers domiciled in foreign countries, compared to $159,975,000, or 1.0%, at December 31, 2022. Of the $177,591,000, 79.1% is directly or indirectly secured by U.S. assets, certificates of deposits and real estate; 9.0% is secured by foreign real estate or other assets; and 11.9% is unsecured.

Critical Accounting Policies

We have established various accounting policies that govern the application of accounting principles in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. The significant accounting policies are described in the notes to the

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consolidated financial statements. Certain accounting policies involve significant subjective judgments and assumptions by management that have a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities; management considers such accounting policies to be critical accounting policies.

We consider our estimated ACL as a policy critical to the sound operations of our Subsidiary Banks. The ACL is deducted from the amortized cost of an instrument to present the net amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. Our ACL primarily consists of the aggregate ACL estimates of our Subsidiary Banks. The estimates are established through charges to operations in the form of charges to provisions for credit loss expense. Loan losses or recoveries are charged or credited directly to the ACL. The ACL of each Subsidiary Bank is maintained at a level considered appropriate by management, based on estimated current expected credit losses in the current loan portfolio, including information about past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

The estimation of the ACL is based on a loss-rate methodology that measures lifetime losses on loan pools that have similar risk characteristics. Loans that do not have similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. The segmentation of the loan portfolio into pools requires a balancing process between capturing similar risk characteristics and containing sufficient loss history to provide meaningful results. Our segmentation starts at the general loan category with further sub-segmentation based on collateral types that may be of meaningful size and/or may contain sufficient differences in risk characteristics based on management’s judgement that would warrant further segmentation. The general loan categories along with primary risk characteristics used in our calculation are as follows:

Commercial and industrial loans. This category includes loans extended to a diverse array of businesses for working capital or equipment purchases. These loans are mostly secured by the collateral pledged by the borrower that is directly related to the business activities of the company such as equipment, accounts receivable and inventory. The borrower’s abilities to generate revenues from equipment purchases, collect accounts receivable, and to turn inventory into sales are risk factors in the repayment of the loan. A small portion of this loan category is related to loans secured by oil & gas production and loans secured by aircraft.

Construction and land development loans. This category includes the development of land from unimproved land to lot development for both residential and commercial use and vertical construction across residential and commercial real estate classes. These loans carry risk of repayment when projects incur cost overruns, have an increase in the price of construction materials, encounter zoning, entitlement and environmental issues, or encounter other factors that may affect the completion of a project on time and on budget. Additionally, repayment risk may be negatively impacted when the market experiences a deterioration in the value of real estate. Risks specifically related to 1-4 family development loans also include mortgage rate risk and the practice by the mortgage industry of more restrictive underwriting standards, which inhibits the buyer from obtaining long term financing creating excessive housing and lot inventory in the market.

Commercial real estate loans. This category includes loans secured by farmland, multifamily properties, owner occupied commercial properties, and non-owner occupied commercial properties. Owner occupied commercial properties include warehouses often along the border for import/export operations, office space where the borrower is the primary tenant, restaurants and other single-tenant retail. Non-owner occupied commercial properties include hotels, retail centers, office and professional buildings, and leased warehouses. These loans carry risk of repayment when market values deteriorate, the business experiences turnover in key management, the business has an inability to attract or keep occupancy levels stable, or when the market experiences an exit of a specific business type that is significant to the local economy, such as a manufacturing plant.

1-4 family mortgages. This category includes both first and second lien mortgages for the purpose of home purchases or refinancing of existing mortgage loans. A small portion of this loan category is related to home equity lines of credits, lots purchases, and home construction. Loan repayments may be affected by unemployment or underemployment and deteriorating market values of real estate.

Consumer loans. This category includes deposit secured, vehicle secured, and unsecured loans, including overdrafts, made to individuals. Repayment is primarily affected by unemployment or underemployment.

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The loan pools are further broken down using a risk-based segmentation based on internal classifications for commercial loans and past due status for consumer mortgage loans. Non-mortgage consumer loans are evaluated as one segment. On a weekly basis, commercial loan past due reports are reviewed by the credit quality committee to determine if a loan has any potential problems and if a loan should be placed on our internal Watch List report. Additionally, our credit department reviews the majority of our loans for proper internal classification purposes regardless of whether they are past due and segregates any loans with potential problems for further review. The credit department will discuss the potential problem loans with the servicing loan officers to determine any relevant issues that were not discovered in the evaluation. Also, an analysis of loans that is provided through examinations by regulatory authorities is considered in the review process. After the above analysis is completed, we will determine if a loan should be placed on an internal Watch List report because of issues related to the analysis of the credit, credit documents, collateral and/or payment history.

Our internal Watch List report is segregated into the following categories: (i) Pass, (ii) Economic Monitoring, (iii) Special Review, (iv) Watch List—Pass, (v) Watch List—Substandard, and (vi) Watch List—Doubtful. The loans placed in the Special Review category and lower rated credits reflect our opinion that the loans reflect potential weakness which require monitoring on a more frequent basis. Credits in those categories are reviewed and discussed on a regular basis, no less frequently than quarterly, with the credit department and the lending staff to determine if a change in category is warranted. The loans placed in the Watch List—Pass category and lower rated credits reflect our opinion that the credit contains weaknesses which represent a greater degree of risk, which warrant “extra attention.” Credits in this category are reviewed and discussed on a regular basis with the credit department and the lending staff to determine if a change in category is warranted. The loans placed in the Watch List—Substandard category are considered to be potentially inadequately protected by the current sound worth and debt service capacity of the borrower or of any pledged collateral. These credit obligations, even if apparently protected by collateral value, have shown defined weaknesses related to adverse financial, managerial, economic, market or political conditions which may jeopardize repayment of principal and interest. Furthermore, there is the possibility that we may sustain some future loss if such weaknesses are not corrected. The loans placed in the Watch List—Doubtful category have shown defined weaknesses and it is likely, based on current information and events, that we will be unable to collect all principal and/or interest amounts contractually due. Watch List—Doubtful loans are placed on non-accrual when they are moved to that category.

For the purposes of the ACL, in order to maintain segments with sufficient history for meaningful results, the credits in the Pass and Economic Monitoring categories are aggregated, the credits in the Special Review and Watch List—Pass credits are aggregated, and the credits in the Watch List—Substandard category remain in their own segment. For loans that are classified as Watch List—Doubtful, management evaluates these credits in accordance with ASC 310-10, “Receivables,” and, if deemed necessary, a specific reserve is allocated to the loan. The specific reserve allocated under ASC 310-10, is based on (i) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; (ii) the loan’s observable market price; or (iii) net realizable value of the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Substantially all of our loans evaluated as Watch List—Doubtful under ASC 310-10 are measured using the fair value of collateral method. In rare cases, we may use other methods to determine the specific reserve of a loan under ASC 310-10 if such loan is not collateral dependent.

Within each collectively evaluated pool, the robustness of the lifetime historical loss-rate is evaluated and, if needed, is supplemented with peer loss rates through a model risk adjustment. Certain qualitative loss factors are then evaluated to incorporate management’s two-year reasonable and supportable forecast period followed by a reversion to the pool’s average lifetime loss-rate. Those qualitative loss factors are: (i) trends in portfolio volume and composition, (ii) volume and trends in classified loans, delinquencies, non-accruals and TDR’s, (iii) concentration risk, (iv) trends in underlying collateral value, (v) changes in policies, procedures, and strategies, and (vi) economic conditions. Qualitative factors also include potential losses stemming from operational risk factors arising from fraud, natural disasters, pandemics and geopolitical events. Should any of the factors considered by management in evaluating the adequacy of the ACL change, our estimate could also change, which could affect the level of future credit loss expense.

We have elected to not measure an ACL for accrued interest receivable given our timely approach in identifying and writing off uncollectible accrued interest. An ACL for off-balance sheet exposure is derived from a projected usage rate of any unfunded commitment multiplied by the historical loss rate, plus model risk adjustment, if any, of the on-balance sheet loan pools.

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Our management continually reviews the ACL of the Subsidiary Banks using the amounts determined from the estimates established on specific doubtful loans, the estimate established on quantitative historical loss percentages, and the estimate based on qualitative current conditions and reasonable and supportable two-year forecasted data. Our methodology reverts to the average lifetime loss-rate beyond the forecast period when we can no longer develop reasonable and supportable forecasts. Should any of the factors considered by management in evaluating the adequacy of the estimate for current expected credit losses change, our estimate of current expected credit losses could also change, which could affect the level of future credit loss expense. While the calculation of our ACL utilizes management’s best judgment and all information reasonably available, the adequacy of the ACL is dependent on a variety of factors beyond our control, including, among other things, the performance of the entire loan portfolio, the economy, government actions, changes in interest rates and the view of regulatory authorities towards loan classifications.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The maintenance of adequate liquidity provides our Subsidiary Banks with the ability to meet potential depositor withdrawals, provide for customer credit needs, maintain adequate statutory reserve levels and take full advantage of high-yield investment opportunities as they arise. Liquidity is afforded by access to financial markets and by holding appropriate amounts of liquid assets. Our Subsidiary Banks derive their liquidity largely from deposits of individuals and business entities. Deposits from persons and entities domiciled in Mexico comprise a stable portion of the deposit base of our Subsidiary Banks. Other important funding sources for our Subsidiary Banks during 2023 and 2022 were securities sold under repurchase agreements and large certificates of deposit, requiring management to closely monitor our asset/liability mix in terms of both rate sensitivity and maturity distribution. Our Subsidiary Banks have had a long-standing relationship with the FHLB and keep open significant unused lines of credit in order to fund liquidity needs. We also maintain a sizable, high quality investment portfolio to provide significant liquidity. These securities can be pledged to the FHLB, sold, or sold under agreements to repurchase, to provide immediate liquidity. We will continue to monitor the volatility and cost of funds in an attempt to match maturities of rate-sensitive assets and liabilities and respond accordingly to anticipated fluctuations in interest rates over reasonable periods of time.

We maintain an adequate level of capital as a margin of safety for our depositors and shareholders. At March 31, 2023, shareholders’ equity was $2,156,408,000 compared to $2,044,759,000 at December 31, 2022. The increase in shareholders’ equity can be primarily attributed to the retention of earnings and a decrease in other comprehensive loss and an increase in treasury stock.

Banks and bank holding companies are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by state and federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amount and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgements by regulators about components, risk-weighting and other factors.

In July 2013, the FDIC and other regulatory bodies established a new, comprehensive capital framework for U.S. banking organizations, consisting of minimum requirements that increase both the quantity and quality of capital held by banking organizations. The final rules are a result of the implementation of the BASEL III capital reforms and various Dodd-Frank Act related capital provisions. Consistent with the Basel international framework, the rules include a minimum ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) to risk-weighted assets of 4.5% and a CET1 capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets. The capital conservation buffer began phasing-in on January 1, 2016 at .625% and increased each year until January 1, 2019, when we were required to have a 2.5% capital conservation buffer, effectively resulting in a minimum ratio of CET1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 7% upon full implementation. The rules also raised the minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets from 4% to 6% and include a minimum leverage ratio of 4% for all banking organizations. Regarding the quality of capital, the rules emphasize CET1 capital and implements strict eligibility criteria for regulatory capital instruments. The rules also improve the methodology for calculating risk-weighted assets to enhance risk sensitivity. The rules were subject to a four-year phase in period for mandatory compliance and we were required to begin to phase in the rules beginning on January 1, 2015. Management believes, as of March 31, 2023, that we and each of our Subsidiary Banks continue to meet all fully phased-in capital adequacy requirements.

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On November 21, 2017, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”), the FRB and the FDIC finalized a proposed rule that extends the current treatment under the regulatory capital rules for certain regulatory capital deductions and risk weights and certain minority interest requirements, as they apply to banking organizations that are not subject to the advanced approaches capital rules. Effective January 1, 2018, the rule also paused the full transition to the Basel III treatment of mortgage servicing assets, certain deferred tax assets, investments in the capital of unconsolidated financial institutions and minority interests. The agencies are also considering whether to make adjustments to the capital rules in response to CECL (the FASB Standard relating to current expected credit loss) and its potential impact on regulatory capital.

On December 7, 2017, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision unveiled the latest round of its regulatory capital framework, commonly called “Basel IV.” The framework makes changes to the capital framework first introduced as “Basel III” in 2010. The committee targeted 2022-2027 as the timeframe for implementation by regulators in individual countries, including the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies (after notice and comment).

In December 2018, the federal banking regulators issued a final rule that would provide an optional three-year phase-in period for the day-one regulatory capital effects of the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13 to ASC 326, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses,” as amended, on January 1, 2020.

On May 24, 2018, the EGRRCPA was enacted and, among other things, it includes a simplified capital rule change which effectively exempts banks with assets of less than $10 billion that exceed the “community bank leverage ratio,” from all risk-based capital requirements, including Basel III and its predecessors. The federal banking agencies must establish the “community bank leverage ratio” (a ratio of tangible equity to average consolidated assets) between 8% and 10% before community banks can begin to take advantage of this regulatory relief provision. Some of the Subsidiary Banks, with assets of less than $10 billion, may qualify for this exemption. Additionally, under the EGRRCPA, qualified bank holding companies with assets of up to $3 billion (currently $1 billion) will be eligible for the Federal Reserve’s Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement, which eases limitations on the issuance of debt by holding companies. On August 28, 2018, the Federal Reserve issued an interim final rule expanding the applicability of its Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement. While holding companies that meet the conditions of the policy statement are excluded from consolidated capital requirements, their depository institutions continue to be subject to minimum capital requirements. Finally, for banks that continue to be subject to the risk-based capital rules of Basel III (e.g., 150%), certain commercial real estate loans that were formally classified as high volatility commercial real estate 31 (“HVCRE”) will not be subject to heightened risk weights if they meet certain criteria. Also, while acquisition, development, and construction (“ADC”) loans will generally be subject to heightened risk weights, certain exceptions will apply. On September 18, 2018, the federal banking agencies issued a proposed rule modifying the agencies’ capital rules for HVCRE.

We had a CET1 to risk-weighted assets ratio of 20.43% on March 31, 2023 and 20.21% on December 31, 2022. We had a Tier 1 capital-to-average-total-asset (leverage) ratio of 15.61% and 14.59%, risk-weighted Tier 1 capital ratio of 21.37% and 21.04% and risk-weighted total capital ratio of 22.60% and 22.22% at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Our CET1 capital consists of common stock and related surplus, net of treasury stock, and retained earnings. We and our Subsidiary Banks elected to opt-out of the requirement to include most components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the calculation of CET1 capital. CET1 is reduced by goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities and subject to transition provisions. Tier 1 capital includes CET1 capital and additional Tier 1 capital. Additional Tier 1 capital includes the Capital and Common Securities issued by the Trusts (see Note 8 above) up to a maximum of 25% of Tier 1 capital on an aggregate basis. Any amount that exceeds the 25% threshold qualifies as Tier 2 capital. As of March 31, 2023, the total of $134,642,000 of the Capital and Common Securities outstanding qualified as Tier 1 capital. We actively monitor the regulatory capital ratios to ensure that our Subsidiary Banks are well-capitalized under the regulatory framework.

The CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratios are calculated by dividing the respective capital amounts by risk-weighted assets. Risk-weighted assets are calculated based on regulatory requirements and include total assets, excluding goodwill and other intangible assets, allocated by risk-weight category, and certain off-balance-sheet items, among other things. The leverage ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by adjusted quarterly average total assets, which exclude goodwill and other intangible assets, among other things.

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We and our Subsidiary Banks are subject to the regulatory capital requirements administered by the Federal Reserve, and, for our Subsidiary Banks, the FDIC. Regulatory authorities can initiate certain mandatory actions if we or any of our Subsidiary Banks fail to meet the minimum capital requirements, which could have a direct material effect on our financial statements. Management believes, as of March 31, 2023, that we and each of our Subsidiary Banks continue to meet all capital adequacy requirements to which we are subject.

We will continue to monitor the volatility and cost of funds in an attempt to match maturities of rate-sensitive assets and liabilities, and respond accordingly to anticipate fluctuations in interest rates by adjusting the balance between sources and uses of funds as deemed appropriate. The net-interest rate sensitivity as of March 31, 2023 is illustrated in the table entitled “Interest Rate Sensitivity,” below. This information reflects the balances of assets and liabilities for which rates are subject to change. A mix of assets and liabilities that are roughly equal in volume and re-pricing characteristics represents a matched interest rate sensitivity position. Any excess of assets or liabilities results in an interest rate sensitivity gap.

We undertake an interest rate sensitivity analysis to monitor the potential risk on future earnings resulting from the impact of possible future changes in interest rates on currently existing net asset or net liability positions. However, this type of analysis is as of a point-in-time position, when in fact that position can quickly change as market conditions, customer needs, and management strategies change. Thus, interest rate changes do not affect all categories of assets and liabilities equally or at the same time. As indicated in the table, we are asset sensitive in both the short- and long-term scenarios. Our Asset and Liability Committee semi-annually reviews the consolidated position along with simulation and duration models, and makes adjustments as needed to control our interest rate risk position. We use modeling of future events as a primary tool for monitoring interest rate risk.

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Interest Rate Sensitivity

(Dollars in Thousands)

	Rate/Maturity
			Over 3		Over 1
	3 Months		Months to		Year to 5		Over 5
March 31, 2023	or Less		1 Year		Years		Years		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Rate sensitive assets
Investment securities	$	216,711	$	512,366	$	3,976,870	$	162,663	$	4,868,610
Loans, net of non-accruals		6,201,237		290,087		262,184		726,633		7,480,141
Total earning assets	$	6,417,948	$	802,453	$	4,239,054	$	889,296	$	12,348,751
Cumulative earning assets	$	6,417,948	$	7,220,401	$	11,459,455	$	12,348,751
Rate sensitive liabilities
Time deposits	$	877,732	$	1,129,802	$	136,851	$	10	$	2,144,395
Other interest bearing deposits		4,587,639		—		—		—		4,587,639
Securities sold under repurchase agreements		383,502				—		—		383,502
Other borrowed funds		—		—		—		10,895		10,895
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures		134,642		—		—		—		134,642
Total interest bearing liabilities	$	5,983,515	$	1,129,802	$	136,851	$	10,905	$	7,261,073
Cumulative sensitive liabilities	$	5,983,515	$	7,113,317	$	7,250,168	$	7,261,073
Repricing gap	$	434,433	$	(327,349)	$	4,102,203	$	878,391	$	5,087,678
Cumulative repricing gap		434,433		107,084		4,209,287		5,087,678
Ratio of interest-sensitive assets to liabilities		1.07		0.71		30.98		81.55		1.70
Ratio of cumulative, interest-sensitive assets to liabilities		1.07		1.02		1.58		1.70

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, there were no material changes in market risk exposures that affected the quantitative and qualitative disclosures regarding market risk presented under the caption “Liquidity and Capital Resources” located on pages 14 through 19 of our 2022 Annual Report.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within specified time periods. As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer evaluated, with the participation of our management, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)). Based on the evaluation, which disclosed no material weaknesses, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

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Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are involved in various legal proceedings that are in various stages of litigation. We have determined, based on discussions with our counsel that any material loss in any current legal proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, is remote or the damages sought, even if fully recovered, would not be considered material to our consolidated financial position or results of operations. However, many of these matters are in various stages of proceedings and further developments could cause management to revise its assessment of these matters.

1A. Risk Factors

There were no material changes in the risk factors as previously disclosed in Item 1A to Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on February 23, 2023. In addition to those risk factors, the following factors represent material risks and uncertainties that we believe could affect the Company’s business and investment in the Company’s common stock.

Our financial condition, results of operation and stock price may be negatively impacted by recent negative developments affecting the banking industry, unrelated bank failures, and diminished depositor confidence in depository institutions, and the increased threat of bank-run contagion.

The recent bank failures involving Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank and First Republic Bank during a less than two-month period from March to May 2023 has eroded customer confidence in the banking system and caused widespread market volatility among publicly traded bank holding companies. The collapse of those banks, the resulting coverage by media organizations, and the rapid spread through social media of negative sentiments concerning the banking industry have caused customers to doubt the safety and soundness of financial institutions, especially regional and community banks like IBC, and created an increasing threat of bank-run contagion. As a result, customers may choose to maintain deposits with larger financial institutions or to invest in higher yielding, short-term fixed-income securities, which could adversely impact our liquidity, loan funding capacity, net interest margin, and results of operations. Although we have amplified our efforts to promote deposit insurance coverage with our customers, to proactively communicate with our customers in order to address any depository fears they may be experiencing as a result of the unrelated bank failures, and to implement policies for effectively managing our liquidity, deposit portfolio retention and other related matters, our financial condition, results of operation and stock price may be adversely affected by future negative events within the banking industry and negative customer or investor responses to such events.

Recent volatility in the banking industry could prompt new legislation, regulations, and policy changes that could cause us to be subjected to additional regulatory oversight and supervision.

Recent negative developments in the banking industry, culminating in the high-profile implosions of Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank, and First Republic Bank, have prompted responses by the FDIC, the Federal Reserve, and the U.S. Treasury Secretary to protect the depositors of those failed institutions and to attempt to reinstate diminished public confidence in depository institutions. Congress and federal banking regulators have also intervened by initiating investigations into the root causes of the failures in an attempt to both understand and hold accountable the parties and policies responsible for the rapid banking crisis. Ultimately, congressional and regulatory oversight and supervision, tightening risk-management practices, heightening standards for managing interest rate and liquidity risks, and minimizing financial contagion. While we cannot predict with certainty what interventions and initiatives legislators and regulatory agencies may pursue, any of the changes described above could affect our operations in substantial and

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unpredictable ways. Such changes could be subject to additional costs, limit the types of financial services and products we may offer and/or increase the ability of non-banks to offer competing financial services and products. Failure to comply with laws, regulations or policies could result in sanctions by regulatory agencies, civil money penalties and/or reputation damage, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

In April 2009, the Board of Directors re-established a formal stock repurchase program that authorized the repurchase of up to $40 million of common stock within the following 12 months. Annually since then, including on February 21, 2023, the Board of Directors extended and increased the repurchase program to purchase up to $124 million of common stock during the 12-month period commencing on March 15, 2023. Shares of common stock may be purchased from time to time on the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. Shares purchased in this program will be held in treasury for reissue for various corporate purposes, including employee compensation plans. During the first quarter of 2023, the Board of Directors adopted a Rule 10b-18 trading plan and a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan and intends to adopt additional Rule 10b-18 and Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, which will allow us to purchase shares of our common stock during certain open and blackout periods when we ordinarily would not be in the market due to trading restrictions in our insider trading policy. During the terms of both a Rule 10b-18 and Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, purchases of common stock are automatic to the extent the conditions of the plan’s trading instructions are met. Shares purchased under these trading plans will be held in treasury for reissue for various corporate purposes, including employee stock compensation plans. As of May 1, 2023, a total of 13,615,730 shares had been repurchased under all programs at a cost of $411,099,000. We are not obligated to purchase shares under our stock repurchase program outside of the Rule 10b-18 and Rule 10b5-1 trading plans.

Except for repurchases in connection with the administration of an employee benefit plan in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practices, common stock repurchases are only conducted under publicly announced repurchase programs approved by the Board of Directors. The following table includes information about common stock share repurchases for the quarter ended March 31, 2023.

				Total Number of
				Shares
				Purchased as	Approximate
		Average		Part of a	Dollar Value of
	Total Number	Price Paid		Publicly-	Shares Available
	of Shares	Per		Announced	for
	Purchased	Share		Program	Repurchase(1)
January 1 – January 31, 2023	—	$	—	—	$	101,331,000
February 1 – February 28, 2023	—		—	—		101,331,000
March 1 – March 31, 2023	25,000		41.40	25,000		128,009,000
Total	25,000	$	41.40	25,000

(1) The repurchase program was extended and increased on February 21, 2023 and allows for the purchase of up to an additional $124,000,000 of common stock through March 15, 2024.

46

Item 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as a part of this Report:

13 —Annual report to Shareholders on Form ARS for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, furnished to the SEC on April 17, 2023

31(a) —Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31(b) —Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32(a) —Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32(b) —Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101++ — Interactive Data File

104++ — Cover Page Interactive Data File (included in Exhibit 101)

++ Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following documents formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Cover Page to this Form 10-Q; (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022; (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; and (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION
Date:	May 4, 2023	/s/ Dennis E. Nixon
		Dennis E. Nixon
		President
Date:	May 4, 2023	/s/ Judith I. Wawroski
		Judith I. Wawroski
		Treasurer

48

EX-31.A

Exhibit 31(a)

Certification of Chief Executive Officer

pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Dennis E. Nixon, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this report on form 10-Q of International Bancshares Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 4, 2023

/s/ Dennis E. Nixon

Dennis E. Nixon

President (Chief Executive Officer)

EX-31.B

Exhibit 31(b)

Certification of Chief Financial Officer

pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Judith I. Wawroski, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this report on form 10-Q of International Bancshares Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 4, 2023

/s/ Judith I. Wawroski

Judith I. Wawroski

Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.A

Exhibit 32(a)

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of International Bancshares Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Dennis E. Nixon, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m(a) or 78o(d)), as applicable; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

By:	/s/ Dennis E. Nixon
	Dennis E. Nixon
	President
Date:	May 4, 2023

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely to accompany the Report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, and not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, whether on, before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.B

Exhibit 32(b)

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of International Bancshares Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Judith I. Wawroski, Principal Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m(a) or 78o(d)), as applicable; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Ay 9
	By:	/s/ Judith I. Wawroski
		Judith I. Wawroski
		Treasurer
	Date:	May 4, 2023

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely to accompany the Report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, and not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, whether on, before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	May 01, 2023
Document and Entity Information
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	000-09439
Entity Registrant Name	INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	TX
Entity Tax Identification Number	74-2157138
Entity Address, Address Line One	1200 San Bernardo Avenue
Entity Address, City or Town	Laredo
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	78042-1359
City Area Code	956
Local Phone Number	722-7611
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $1.00 par value
Trading Symbol	IBOC
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		62,114,576
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Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
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Consolidated Statements of Condition - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,195,048,000	$ 2,087,724,000
Investment securities:
Held to maturity debt securities (Market value of $3,400 on March 31, 2023 and $3,400 on December 31, 2022)	3,400,000	3,400,000
Available for sale debt securities (Amortized cost of $5,397,131 on March 31, 2023 and $5,018,996 on December 31, 2022)	4,859,818,000	4,417,796,000
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values	5,392,000	5,358,000
Total investment securities	4,868,610,000	4,426,554,000
Loans	7,531,773,000	7,430,603,000
Less allowance for credit losses	(133,557,000)	(125,972,000)
Net loans	7,398,216,000	7,304,631,000
Bank premises and equipment, net	430,436,000	431,612,000
Accrued interest receivable	49,020,000	45,787,000
Other investments	362,105,000	358,910,000
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies	299,379,000	300,589,000
Goodwill	282,532,000	282,532,000
Other assets	249,605,000	263,137,000
Total assets	15,134,951,000	15,501,476,000
Deposits:
Demand-non-interest bearing	5,548,745,000	5,846,055,000
Savings and interest-bearing demand	4,587,639,000	4,745,768,000
Time	2,144,395,000	2,068,184,000
Total deposits	12,280,779,000	12,660,007,000
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	383,502,000	431,191,000
Other borrowed funds	10,895,000	10,944,000
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	134,642,000	134,642,000
Other liabilities	168,725,000	219,933,000
Total liabilities	12,978,543,000	13,456,717,000
Shareholders' equity:
Common shares of $1.00 par value. Authorized 275,000,000 shares; issued 96,423,993 shares on March 31, 2023 and 96,420,456 shares on December 31, 2022	96,424,000	96,420,000
Surplus	154,244,000	154,061,000
Retained earnings	2,758,059,000	2,695,567,000
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(420,491,000)	(470,497,000)
Total shareholders' equity before treasury stock	2,588,236,000	2,475,551,000
Less cost of shares in treasury, 34,303,617 shares on March 31, 2023 and 34,278,617 on December 31, 2022	(431,828,000)	(430,792,000)
Total shareholders' equity	2,156,408,000	2,044,759,000
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$ 15,134,951,000	$ 15,501,476,000

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Consolidated Statements of Condition (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Consolidated Statements of Condition
Held to maturity, Market value (in dollars)	$ 3,400	$ 3,400
Available for sale, Amortized cost (in dollars)	$ 5,397,131	$ 5,018,996
Common shares, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 1.00	$ 1.00
Common shares, Authorized shares	275,000,000	275,000,000
Common shares, issued shares	96,423,993	96,420,456
Treasury, shares	34,303,617	34,278,617

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Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Interest income:
Loans, including fees	$ 142,270	$ 81,488
Investment securities:
Taxable	29,809	13,190
Tax-exempt	1,578	350
Other interest income	14,492	1,404
Total interest income	188,149	96,432
Interest expense:
Savings deposits	11,694	1,101
Time deposits	6,829	2,504
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	2,142	184
Other borrowings	71	1,888
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	2,228	709
Total interest expense	22,964	6,386
Net interest income	165,185	90,046
Provision for credit losses	8,587	1,481
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	156,598	88,565
Non-interest income:
Other investments, net	2,955	2,882
Other income	3,845	9,092
Total non-interest income	40,362	43,512
Non-interest expense:
Employee compensation and benefits	32,859	31,119
Occupancy	6,326	6,272
Depreciation of bank premises and equipment	5,466	5,475
Professional fees	3,590	2,318
Deposit insurance assessments	4,138	1,057
Net operations, other real estate owned	(1,745)	(408)
Advertising	1,264	1,440
Software and software maintenance	4,969	4,177
Other	11,162	12,668
Total non-interest expense	68,029	64,118
Income before income taxes	128,931	67,959
Provision for income taxes	27,288	14,466
Net income	$ 101,643	$ 53,493
Basic earnings per common share:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding (in shares)	62,142,264	63,352,240
Net income per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 1.64	$ 0.84
Fully diluted earnings per common share:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding (in shares)	62,282,328	63,498,268
Net income per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 1.63	$ 0.84
Services charges on deposit accounts
Non-interest income:
Service charges	$ 17,553	$ 17,257
Other service charges, commissions and fees, Banking
Non-interest income:
Service charges	14,055	12,516
Other service charges, commissions and fees, Non-banking
Non-interest income:
Service charges	$ 1,954	$ 1,765

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Net income	$ 101,643	$ 53,493
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities available for sale arising during period (net of tax effects of $13,293 and $(46,029))	50,006	(173,156)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	50,006	(173,156)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$ 151,649	$ (119,663)

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities available for sale arising during period, tax effects	$ 13,293	$ (46,029)

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Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Treasury Stock	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 96,351	$ 152,144	$ 2,470,710	$ (31,980)	$ (378,744)	$ 2,308,481
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	96,351
Increase (decrease) in shareholders' equity
Net income			53,493			53,493
Dividends:
Payable/Cash			(38,026)			(38,026)
Purchase of treasury stock					(3,380)	(3,380)
Exercise of stock options	$ 6	140				146
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	6
Stock compensation expense recognized in earnings		121				121
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Net change in unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities, net of reclassification adjustments				(173,156)		(173,156)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 96,357	152,405	2,486,177	(205,136)	(382,124)	2,147,679
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022	96,357
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 96,420	154,061	2,695,567	(470,497)	(430,792)	2,044,759
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	96,420
Increase (decrease) in shareholders' equity
Net income			101,643			101,643
Dividends:
Payable/Cash			(39,151)			(39,151)
Purchase of treasury stock					(1,036)	(1,036)
Exercise of stock options	$ 4	81				85
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	4
Stock compensation expense recognized in earnings		102				102
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Net change in unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities, net of reclassification adjustments				50,006		50,006
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 96,424	$ 154,244	$ 2,758,059	$ (420,491)	$ (431,828)	$ 2,156,408
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	96,424

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Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity
Cash Dividends (in dollars per share)	$ 0.63	$ 0.60
Purchase of treasury stock (in shares)	25,000	83,066

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Operating activities:
Net income	$ 101,643,000	$ 53,493,000
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit loss	8,587,000	1,481,000
Specific reserve, other real estate owned	250,000
Depreciation of bank premises and equipment	5,466,000	5,475,000
(Gain) loss on sale of bank premises and equipment		(2,991,000)
Gain on sale of other real estate owned	(2,372,000)	(777,000)
Accretion of investment securities discounts	(589,000)	(235,000)
Amortization of investment securities premiums	1,817,000	5,262,000
Unrealized (gain) loss on equity securities with readily determinable fair values	(34,000)	269,000
Stock based compensation expense	102,000	121,000
(Earnings) from affiliates and other investments	(802,000)	(2,474,000)
Deferred tax (benefit) expense	(1,841,000)	80,000
(Increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable	(3,233,000)	3,038,000
Increase (decrease) in other assets	1,277,000	(4,455,000)
Increase in other liabilities	32,419,000	20,810,000
Net cash provided by operating activities	142,690,000	79,097,000
Investing activities:
Proceeds from maturities of securities	1,200,000	1,075,000
Proceeds from sales and calls of available for sale securities	450,000	0
Purchases of available for sale securities	(595,184,000)	(362,746,000)
Principal collected on mortgage-backed securities	134,171,000	207,302,000
Net (increase) decrease in loans	(102,525,000)	159,246,000
Purchases of other investments	(9,935,000)	(42,043,000)
Distributions from other investments	5,124,000	1,583,000
Purchases of bank premises and equipment	(4,290,000)	(2,486,000)
Proceeds from sales of bank premises and equipment		6,461,000
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned	2,691,000	4,898,000
Net cash used in investing activities	(568,298,000)	(26,710,000)
Financing activities:
Net (decrease) increase in non-interest bearing demand deposits	(297,310,000)	198,680,000
Net decrease in savings and interest-bearing demand deposits	(158,129,000)	(28,897,000)
Net increase in time deposits	76,211,000	7,676,000
Net (decrease) increase in securities sold under repurchase agreements	(47,689,000)	50,419,000
Net decrease in other borrowed funds	(49,000)	(48,000)
Purchase of treasury stock	(1,036,000)	(3,380,000)
Proceeds from stock transactions	85,000	146,000
Payments of cash dividends	(39,151,000)	(38,026,000)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(467,068,000)	186,570,000
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(892,676,000)	238,957,000
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	2,087,724,000	3,209,242,000
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	1,195,048,000	3,448,199,000
Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid	19,731,000	6,297,000
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Net transfers from loans to other real estate owned	$ 353,000
Net transfers from bank premises and equipment to other assets		$ 2,476,000

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Basis of Presentation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

Note 1 — Basis of Presentation

Our accounting and reporting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and to general practices within the banking industry. Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of International Bancshares Corporation, and our wholly-owned bank subsidiaries, International Bank of Commerce, Laredo (“IBC”), Commerce Bank, International Bank of Commerce, Zapata, International Bank of Commerce, Brownsville, International Bank of Commerce, Oklahoma (the “Subsidiary Banks”) and our wholly-owned non-bank subsidiaries, IBC Trading Company, Premier Tierra Holdings, Inc., IBC Charitable and Community Development Corporation, Emerald Galveston Holdings, LLC, IBC Capital Corporation, and Diamond Beach Holdings, LLC. Our consolidated financial statements are unaudited, but include all adjustments, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the periods presented. All such adjustments were of a normal and recurring nature. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto in our latest Annual Report to Shareholders on Form ARS for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, furnished to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on April 17, 2023 (our “2022 Annual Report”). Our consolidated statement of condition at December 31, 2022 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) for complete financial statements. Certain reclassifications have been made to make prior periods comparable. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2023 or any future period.

We operate as one segment. The operating information used by our chief executive officer for purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions is the consolidated statements presented in this report. We have five active operating subsidiaries, the Subsidiary Banks. We apply the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), FASB ASC 280, “Segment Reporting,” in determining our reportable segments and related disclosures.

We have evaluated all events or transactions that occurred through the date we issued these financial statements. During this period, we did not have any material recognizable or non-recognizable subsequent events.

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Fair Value

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value

Fair Value

Note 2 — Fair Value Measurements

ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 applies to all financial instruments that are being measured and reported on a fair value basis. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date; it also establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in valuation methodologies into the following three levels:

● Level 1 Inputs - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

● Level 2 Inputs - Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

● Level 3 Inputs - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or other valuation techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

A description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy is set forth below.

The following table represents assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated balance sheets at their fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2023 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at
			Reporting Date Using
			(in Thousands)
			Quoted
			Prices in
			Active		Significant
	Assets/Liabilities		Markets for		Other		Significant
	Measured at		Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Fair Value		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	March 31, 2023		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Measured on a recurring basis:
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,925	$	—	$	49,925	$	—
Residential mortgage-backed securities		4,647,229		—		4,647,229		—
States and political subdivisions		162,664		—		162,664		—
Equity Securities		5,392		5,392		—		—
	$	4,865,210	$	5,392	$	4,859,818	$	—

The following table represents assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated balance sheets at their fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at
			Reporting Date Using
			(in Thousands)
			Quoted
			Prices in
			Active		Significant
	Assets/Liabilities		Markets for		Other		Significant
	Measured at		Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Fair Value		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	December 31, 2022		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Measured on a recurring basis:
Assets:
Available for sale securities
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,393	$	—	$	49,393	$	—
Residential mortgage-backed securities		4,209,212		—		4,209,212		—
States and political subdivisions		159,191		—		159,191		—
Equity Securities		5,358		5,358		—		—
	$	4,423,154	$	5,358	$	4,417,796	$	—

Available-for-sale debt securities are classified within Level 1 or 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are classified within Level 1. For debt investments classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, we obtain fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things.

Certain financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment).

The following table represents financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of and for the period ended March 31, 2023 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting
			Date Using
			(in thousands)
			Quoted
	Assets/Liabilities		Prices in
	Measured at		Active		Significant
	Fair Value		Markets for		Other		Significant		Net
	Period ended		Identical		Observable		Unobservable		Provision
	March 31,		Assets		Inputs		Inputs		During
	2023		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Period
Measured on a non-recurring basis:
Assets:
Watch-List doubtful loans	$	29,894	$	—	$	—	$	29,894	$	1,000
Other real estate owned		752		—		—		752		250

The following table represents financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of and for the period ended December 31, 2022 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting
			Date Using
			(in thousands)
			Quoted
	Assets/Liabilities		Prices in
	Measured at		Active		Significant
	Fair Value		Markets		Other		Significant		Net
	Year ended		for Identical		Observable		Unobservable		Provision
	December 31,		Assets		Inputs		Inputs		During
	2022		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Period
Measured on a non-recurring basis:
Assets:
Watch-List doubtful loans	$	30,743	$	—	$	—	$	30,743	$	2,346
Other real estate owned		5,653		—		—		5,653		1,627

Our assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are limited to loans classified as Watch List – Doubtful and other real estate owned. The fair value of Watch List-Doubtful loans is derived in accordance with FASB ASC 310, “Receivables”. They are primarily comprised of collateral-dependent commercial loans. As the primary sources of loan repayments decline, the secondary repayment source, the collateral, takes on greater significance. Correctly evaluating the fair value becomes even more important. Re-measurement of the loan to fair value is done through a specific valuation allowance included in the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”). The fair value of the loan is based on the fair value of the collateral, as determined through either an appraisal or internal evaluation process. The basis for our appraisal and appraisal review process is based on regulatory guidelines and strives to comply with all regulatory appraisal laws, regulations, and the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice. All appraisals and internal evaluations are “as is” (the property’s highest and best use) valuations based on the current conditions of the property/project at that point in time. The determination of the fair value of the collateral is based on the net realizable value, which is the appraised value less any closing costs, when applicable. As of March 31, 2023, we had $51,306,000 of doubtful commercial collateral dependent loans, of which $0 had an appraisal performed within the immediately preceding twelve months, and of which $51,306,000 had an internal evaluation performed within the immediately preceding twelve months. As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately $51,326,000 of doubtful commercial collateral dependent loans, of which $0 had an appraisal performed within the immediately preceding twelve months and of which $51,326,000 had an internal evaluation performed within the immediately preceding twelve months.

Our determination to either seek an appraisal or to perform an internal evaluation begins in weekly credit quality meetings, where the committee analyzes the existing collateral values of the doubtful loans and where obsolete appraisals are identified. In order to determine whether we would obtain a new appraisal or perform an internal evaluation to determine the fair value of the collateral, the credit committee reviews the existing appraisal to determine if the collateral value is reasonable in view of the current use of the collateral and the economic environment related to the collateral. If the analysis of the existing appraisal does not find that the collateral value is reasonable under the current circumstances, we would obtain a new appraisal on the collateral or perform an internal evaluation of the collateral. The ultimate decision to get a new appraisal rests with the independent credit administration group. A new appraisal is not required if an internal evaluation, as performed by in-house experts, is able to appropriately update the original appraisal assumptions to reflect current market conditions and provide an estimate of the collateral’s market value for analysis of the doubtful loan. The internal evaluations must be in writing and contain sufficient information detailing the analysis, assumptions and conclusions, and they must support performing an evaluation in lieu of ordering a new appraisal.

Other real estate owned is comprised of real estate acquired by foreclosure and deeds in lieu of foreclosure. Other real estate owned is carried at the lower of the recorded investment in the property or its fair value less estimated costs to sell such property (as determined by independent appraisal) within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Prior to foreclosure, the value of the underlying loan is written down to the fair value of the real estate to be acquired by a charge to the ACL, if necessary. The fair value is reviewed periodically, and subsequent write-downs are made through a charge to operations, accordingly. Other real estate owned is included in other assets on the consolidated financial statements. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, we recorded

$0 and $2,000, respectively, in charges to the ACL in connection with loans transferred to other real estate owned. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, we recorded $250,000 and $1,627,000, respectively, in adjustments to fair value in connection with other real estate owned.

The fair value estimates, methods, and assumptions for our financial instruments at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are outlined below.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For these short-term instruments, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Time Deposits with Banks

The carrying amounts of time deposits with banks approximate fair value.

Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity

The carrying amounts of investments held-to-maturity approximate fair value.

Investment Securities

For investment securities, which include U.S. Treasury securities, obligations of other U.S. government agencies, obligations of states and political subdivisions and mortgage pass-through and related securities, fair values are from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things. See disclosures of fair value of investment securities in Note 6.

Loans

Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type, such as commercial, real estate and consumer loans, as outlined by regulatory reporting guidelines. Each category is segmented into fixed and variable interest rate terms and by performing and non-performing categories.

For variable rate performing loans, the carrying amount approximates the fair value. For fixed-rate performing loans, except residential mortgage loans, the fair value is calculated by discounting scheduled cash flows through the estimated maturity using estimated market discount rates that reflect the credit and interest rate risk inherent in the loan. For performing residential mortgage loans, fair value is estimated by discounting contractual cash flows adjusted for prepayment estimates using discount rates based on secondary market sources or the primary origination market. Fixed-rate performing loans are within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of fixed rate performing loans was $1,196,549,000 and $1,203,381,000, respectively, and the estimated fair value was $1,094,152,000 and $1,100,848,000, respectively.

Accrued Interest

The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate fair value.

Deposits

The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as non-interest-bearing demand deposit accounts, savings accounts and interest-bearing demand deposit accounts, was equal to the amount payable on demand as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The fair value of time deposits is based on the discounted value of contractual cashflows. The discount rate is based on currently offered rates. Time deposits are within Level 3 of the fair value

hierarchy. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of time deposits was $2,144,695,000 and $2,068,184,000, respectively, and the estimated fair value was $2,154,962,000 and $2,076,231,000, respectively.

Securities Sold Under Repurchase Agreements

Securities sold under repurchase agreements are short-term maturities. Due to the contractual terms of the instruments, the carrying amounts approximated fair value at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures

We currently have floating-rate junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures outstanding. Due to the contractual terms of the floating-rate junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures, the carrying amounts approximated fair value at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Other Borrowed Funds

We currently have long-term borrowings issued from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”). The long-term borrowings outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are fixed-rate borrowings and the fair value is based on established market spreads for similar types of borrowings. The fixed rate long-term borrowings are included in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of the fixed rate long-term FHLB borrowings was $10,895,000 and $10,944,000, respectively, and the estimated fair value was $10,895,000 and $10,944,000, respectively.

Commitments to Extend Credit and Letters of Credit

Commitments to extend credit and fund letters of credit are principally at current interest rates, and, therefore, the carrying amount approximates fair value.

Limitations

Fair value estimates are made at a point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time our entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of our financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-statement of condition financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Other significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial assets or liabilities include the bank premises and equipment and core deposit value. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the effect of fair value estimates have not been considered in the above estimates.

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Loans

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Loans

Loans

Note 3 — Loans

A summary of loans, by loan type at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is as follows:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	4,370,745	$	4,373,373
Real estate - mortgage		858,909		865,994
Real estate - construction		2,081,138		1,989,669
Consumer		43,390		41,592
Foreign		177,591		159,975
Total loans	$	7,531,773	$	7,430,603

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Allowance for Credit Losses

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Allowance for Credit Losses

Allowance for Credit Losses

Note 4 — Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) is based on a loss-rate methodology that measures lifetime losses on loan pools that have similar risk characteristics. Loans that do not have similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. The segmentation of the loan portfolio into pools requires a balancing process between capturing similar risk characteristics and containing sufficient loss history to provide meaningful results. Our segmentation starts at the general loan category with further sub-segmentation based on collateral types that may be of meaningful size and/or may contain sufficient differences in risk characteristics based on management’s judgement that would warrant further segmentation. The general loan categories along with primary risk characteristics used in our calculation are as follows:

Commercial and industrial loans. This category includes loans extended to a diverse array of businesses for working capital or equipment purchases. These loans are mostly secured by the collateral pledged by the borrower that is directly related to the business activities of the company such as equipment, accounts receivable and inventory. The borrower’s abilities to generate revenues from equipment purchases, collect accounts receivable, and to turn inventory into sales are risk factors in the repayment of the loan. A small portion of this loan category is related to loans secured by oil & gas production and loans secured by aircraft.

Construction and land development loans. This category includes the development of land from unimproved land to lot development for both residential and commercial use and vertical construction across residential and commercial real estate classes. These loans carry risk of repayment when projects incur cost overruns, have an increase in the price of construction materials, encounter zoning, entitlement and environmental issues, or encounter other factors that may affect the completion of a project on time and on budget. Additionally, repayment risk may be negatively impacted when the market experiences a deterioration in the value of real estate. Risks specifically related to 1-4 family development loans also include mortgage rate risk and the practice by the mortgage industry of more restrictive underwriting standards, which inhibits the buyer from obtaining long term financing creating excessive housing and lot inventory in the market.

Commercial real estate loans. This category includes loans secured by farmland, multifamily properties, owner occupied commercial properties, and non-owner occupied commercial properties. Owner occupied commercial properties include warehouses often along the border for import/export operations, office space where the borrower is the primary tenant, restaurants and other single-tenant retail. Non-owner occupied commercial properties include hotels, retail centers, office and professional buildings, and leased warehouses. These loans carry risk of repayment when market values deteriorate, the business experiences turnover in key management, the business has an inability to attract or keep occupancy levels stable, or when the market experiences an exit of a specific business type that is significant to the local economy, such as a manufacturing plant.

1-4 family mortgages. This category includes both first and second lien mortgages for the purpose of home purchases or refinancing of existing mortgage loans. A small portion of this loan category is related to home equity lines of credits, lots purchases, and home construction. Loan repayments may be affected by unemployment or underemployment and deteriorating market values of real estate.

Consumer loans. This category includes deposit secured, vehicle secured, and unsecured loans, including overdrafts, made to individuals. Repayment is primarily affected by unemployment or underemployment.

The loan pools are further broken down using a risk-based segmentation based on internal classifications for commercial loans and past due status for consumer mortgage loans. Non-mortgage consumer loans are evaluated as one segment. On a weekly basis, commercial loan past due reports are reviewed by the credit quality committee to determine if a loan has any potential problems and if a loan should be placed on our internal Watch List report. Additionally, our credit department reviews the majority of our loans for proper internal classification purposes regardless of whether they are past due and segregates any loans with potential problems for further review. The credit department will discuss the potential problem loans with the servicing loan officers to determine any relevant issues that were not discovered in the evaluation. Also, an analysis of loans that is provided through examinations by regulatory authorities is considered in the review process. After the above analysis is completed, we will determine if a loan should be placed on an internal Watch List report because of issues related to the analysis of the credit, credit documents, collateral and/or payment history.

Our internal Watch List report is segregated into the following categories: (i) Pass, (ii) Economic Monitoring, (iii) Special Review, (iv) Watch List—Pass, (v) Watch List—Substandard, and (vi) Watch List—Doubtful. The loans placed in the Special Review category and lower rated credits reflect our opinion that the loans reflect potential weakness which require monitoring on a more frequent basis. Credits in those categories are reviewed and discussed on a regular basis, no less frequently than quarterly, with the credit department and the lending staff to determine if a change in category is warranted. The loans placed in the Watch List—Pass category and lower rated credits reflect our opinion that the credit contains weaknesses which represent a greater degree of risk, which warrant “extra attention.” Credits in this category are reviewed and discussed on a regular basis with the credit department and the lending staff to determine if a change in category is warranted. The loans placed in the Watch List—Substandard category are considered to be potentially inadequately protected by the current sound worth and debt service capacity of the borrower or of any pledged collateral. These credit obligations, even if apparently protected by collateral value, have shown defined weaknesses related to adverse financial, managerial, economic, market or political conditions which may jeopardize repayment of principal and interest. Furthermore, there is the possibility that we may sustain some future loss if such weaknesses are not corrected. The loans placed in the Watch List—Doubtful category have shown defined weaknesses and it is likely, based on current information and events, that we will be unable to collect all principal and/or interest amounts contractually due. Watch List—Doubtful loans are placed on non-accrual when they are moved to that category.

For the purposes of the ACL, in order to maintain segments with sufficient history for meaningful results, the credits in the Pass and Economic Monitoring categories are aggregated, the credits in the Special Review and Watch List—Pass credits are aggregated, and the credits in the Watch List—Substandard category remain in their own segment. For loans that are classified as Watch List—Doubtful, management evaluates these credits in accordance with ASC 310-10, “Receivables,” and, if deemed necessary, a specific reserve is allocated to the loan. The specific reserve allocated under ASC 310-10, is based on (i) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; (ii) the loan’s observable market price; or (iii) net realizable value of the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Substantially all of our loans evaluated as Watch List—Doubtful under ASC 310-10 are measured using the fair value of collateral method. In rare cases, we may use other methods to determine the specific reserve of a loan under ASC 310-10 if such loan is not collateral dependent.

Within each collectively evaluated pool, the robustness of the lifetime historical loss-rate is evaluated and, if needed, is supplemented with peer loss rates through a model risk adjustment. Certain qualitative loss factors are then evaluated to incorporate management’s two-year reasonable and supportable forecast period followed by a reversion to the pool’s average lifetime loss-rate. Those qualitative loss factors are: (i) trends in portfolio volume and composition, (ii) volume and trends in classified loans, delinquencies, non-accruals and TDR’s, (iii) concentration risk, (iv) trends in underlying collateral value, (v) changes in policies, procedures, and strategies, and (vi) economic conditions. Qualitative

factors also include potential losses stemming from operational risk factors arising from fraud, natural disasters, pandemics and geopolitical events. Should any of the factors considered by management in evaluating the adequacy of the ACL change, our estimate could also change, which could affect the level of future credit loss expense.

We have elected to not measure an ACL for accrued interest receivable given our timely approach in identifying and writing off uncollectible accrued interest. An ACL for off-balance sheet exposure is derived from a projected usage rate of any unfunded commitment multiplied by the historical loss rate, plus model risk adjustment, if any, of the on-balance sheet loan pools.

Our management continually reviews the ACL of the Subsidiary Banks using the amounts determined from the estimates established on specific doubtful loans, the estimate established on quantitative historical loss percentages, and the estimate based on qualitative current conditions and reasonable and supportable two-year forecasted data. Our methodology reverts to the average lifetime loss-rate beyond the forecast period when we can no longer develop reasonable and supportable forecasts. Should any of the factors considered by management in evaluating the adequacy of the estimate for current expected credit losses change, our estimate of current expected credit losses could also change, which could affect the level of future credit loss expense. While the calculation of our ACL utilizes management’s best judgment and all information reasonably available, the adequacy of the ACL is dependent on a variety of factors beyond our control, including, among other things, the performance of the entire loan portfolio, the economy, government actions, changes in interest rates and the view of regulatory authorities towards loan classifications.

A summary of the transactions in the allowance for credit loan losses by loan class is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Domestic														Foreign
			Commercial
			Real Estate:
			Other		Commercial
			Construction &		Real Estate:		Commercial
			Land		Farmland &		Real Estate:		Residential:		Residential:
	Commercial		Development		Commercial		Multifamily		First Lien		Junior Lien		Consumer		Foreign		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	26,728	$	44,684	$	36,474	$	3,794	$	4,759	$	8,284	$	281	$	968	$	125,972
Losses charged to allowance		(1,971)		—		—		—		—		(1)		(61)		—		(2,033)
Recoveries credited to allowance		625		311		5		—		7		77		6		—		1,031
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance		(1,346)		311		5		—		7		76		(55)		—		(1,002)
Credit loss expense		2,406		5,938		77		190		(207)		(3)		65		121		8,587
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	27,788	$	50,933	$	36,556	$	3,984	$	4,559	$	8,357	$	291	$	1,089	$	133,557

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Domestic														Foreign
			Commercial
			Real Estate:
			Other		Commercial
			Construction &		Real Estate:		Commercial
			Land		Farmland &		Real Estate:		Residential:		Residential:
	Commercial		Development		Commercial		Multifamily		First Lien		Junior Lien		Consumer		Foreign		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	23,178	$	35,390	$	35,654	$	3,291	$	4,073	$	7,754	$	272	$	762	$	110,374
Losses charged to allowance		(2,112)		(2)		—		—		(99)		(28)		(88)		—		(2,329)
Recoveries credited to allowance		602		2		8		—		30		48		11		—		701
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance		(1,510)		—		8		—		(69)		20		(77)		—		(1,628)
Credit loss expense		2,233		982		(808)		(229)		12		(728)		69		(50)		1,481
Balance at March 31, 2022	$	23,901	$	36,372	$	34,854	$	3,062	$	4,016	$	7,046	$	264	$	712	$	110,227

The credit loss charged to expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 has increased from the same period of 2022 in order to provide some protection from potential losses in our loan portfolio given the high level of uncertainty in the economy and a potential economic recession on the horizon. We have increased the severity of some of the qualitative loss factors in certain pools of the portfolio to encompass the economic uncertainty, resulting in an increase in the required ACL. The pool specific qualitative loss factors management deemed appropriate for the ACL calculation at December 31, 2022 remained constant in the March 31, 2023 ACL calculation. The pool specific qualitative loss factors management deemed appropriate for the ACL calculation at December 31, 2022 remained constant in the March 31, 2023 ACL calculation.

The tables below provides additional information on the balance of loans individually or collectively evaluated for impairment and their related allowance, by loan class as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	March 31, 2023
	Loans Individually				Loans Collectively
	Evaluated For				Evaluated For
	Impairment				Impairment
	Recorded				Recorded
	Investment		Allowance		Investment		Allowance
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	30,529	$	3,375	$	1,467,573	$	24,413
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		20,481		70		2,060,657		50,863
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		297		—		2,562,801		36,556
Commercial real estate: multifamily		110		—		309,435		3,984
Residential: first lien		74		—		419,481		4,559
Residential: junior lien		318		—		439,036		8,357
Consumer		—		—		43,390		291
Foreign		—		—		177,591		1,089
Total	$	51,809	$	3,445	$	7,479,964	$	130,112

	December 31, 2022
	Loans Individually				Loans Collectively
	Evaluated For				Evaluated For
	Impairment				Impairment
	Recorded				Recorded
	Investment		Allowance		Investment		Allowance
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	30,747	$	2,375	$	1,468,006	$	24,353
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		20,483		70		1,969,186		44,614
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		94		—		2,568,025		36,474
Commercial real estate: multifamily		117		—		306,384		3,794
Residential: first lien		77		—		425,647		4,759
Residential: junior lien		312		—		439,958		8,284
Consumer		—		—		41,592		281
Foreign		—		—		159,975		968
Total	$	51,830	$	2,445	$	7,378,773	$	123,527

The table below provides additional information on loans accounted for on a non-accrual basis by loan class at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	30,529	$	30,747
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		20,481		20,483
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		297		94
Commercial real estate: multifamily		110		117
Residential: first lien		215		207
Total non-accrual loans	$	51,632	$	51,648

We adopted the provisions of Accounting Standards Update 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures (“ASU 2022-02”) on January 1, 2023. ASU 2022-02 eliminates the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings in existing guidance and enhances disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Additionally, ASU 2022-02 requires entities to disclose current period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases. The adoption of ASU 2022-22 did not have a significant impact to our consolidated financial statements.

We occasionally provide modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. Modifications may include certain concessions that we must evaluate under ASU 2022-02 to determine the need for disclosure. Concessions to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties that would require disclosure include principal forgiveness, term extension, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, an interest rate reduction or a combination of these concessions.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we did not provide any modifications under these circumstances to any borrower experiencing financial difficulty.

Under guidance in effect prior to January 1, 2023, the following table details loans accounted for as “troubled debt restructuring,” segregated by loan class. Loans accounted for as troubled debt restructuring are included in Watch List—Doubtful loans.

	December 31, 2022
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Residential: first lien	$	1,642
Residential: junior lien		714
Consumer		802
Foreign		55
Total troubled debt restructuring	$	3,213

The Subsidiary Banks charge-off that portion of any loan which management considers to represent a loss as well as that portion of any other loan which is classified as a “loss” by bank examiners. Commercial and industrial or real estate loans are generally considered by management to represent a loss, in whole or part, when an exposure beyond any collateral coverage is apparent and when no further collection of the loss portion is anticipated based on the borrower’s financial condition and general economic conditions in the borrower’s industry. Generally, unsecured consumer loans are charged-off when 90 days past due.

While our management believes that it is generally able to identify borrowers with financial problems reasonably early and to monitor credit extended to such borrowers carefully, there is no precise method of predicting loan losses. The determination that a loan is likely to be uncollectible and that it should be wholly or partially charged-off as a loss is an exercise of judgment. Similarly, the determination of the adequacy of the ACL can be made only on a subjective basis. It is the judgment of our management that the ACL at March 31, 2023 was adequate to absorb probable losses from loans in the portfolio at that date.

The following tables present information regarding the aging of past due loans by loan class at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	March 31, 2023
							90 Days or		Total
	30 - 59		60 - 89		90 Days or		greater &		Past				Total
	Days		Days		Greater		still accruing		Due		Current		Portfolio
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	2,162	$	217	$	30,549	$	121	$	32,928	$	1,465,174	$	1,498,102
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		14,242		—		19,982		—		34,224		2,046,914		2,081,138
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		594		4,565		—		—		5,159		2,557,940		2,563,099
Commercial real estate: multifamily		233		—		—		—		233		309,311		309,544
Residential: first lien		1,189		1,153		3,097		2,864		5,439		414,116		419,555
Residential: junior lien		1,235		258		2,051		2,051		3,544		435,810		439,354
Consumer		270		30		12		12		312		43,078		43,390
Foreign		598		11		581		581		1,190		176,401		177,591
Total past due loans	$	20,523	$	6,234	$	56,272	$	5,629	$	83,029	$	7,448,744	$	7,531,773

	December 31, 2022
							90 Days or		Total
	30 - 59		60 - 89		90 Days or		greater &		Past				Total
	Days		Days		Greater		still accruing		Due		Current		Portfolio
		(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	1,732	$	258	$	1,014	$	59	$	3,004	$	1,495,750	$	1,498,754
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		1,130		—		—		—		1,130		1,988,539		1,989,669
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		1,744		117		—		—		1,861		2,566,257		2,568,118
Commercial real estate: multifamily		—		—		—		—		—		306,501		306,501
Residential: first lien		2,023		1,068		4,189		4,061		7,280		418,444		425,724
Residential: junior lien		925		771		1,717		1,717		3,413		436,857		440,270
Consumer		281		14		7		7		302		41,290		41,592
Foreign		717		23		288		288		1,028		158,947		159,975
Total past due loans	$	8,552	$	2,251	$	7,215	$	6,132	$	18,018	$	7,412,585	$	7,430,603

The increase in Commercial loans past due 90 days or greater at March 31, 2023 can be primarily attributed to a loan secured by equipment and other assets used in the oil and gas industry as well as oil and gas production that is on non-accrual. The increase in Commercial Real Estate: Other Construction & Land Development loans past due 30 – 59 days can be primarily attributed to three relationships secured by commercial properties that were matured and in the process of being renewed. The increase in Commercial Real Estate: Other Construction & Land Development loans past due 90 days or greater can be primarily attributed to a loan secured by commercial property that is on non-accrual.

A summary of the loan portfolio by credit quality indicator by loan class and by year of origination at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is presented below:

		2023	2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at March 31, 2023
Domestic
Commercial
Pass	$	263,913	$	530,585	$	452,955	$	87,039	$	32,481	$	68,318	$	1,435,291
Special Review		—		371		201		—		—		—		572
Watch List - Substandard		218		28,889		130		—		19		2,454		31,710
Watch List - Doubtful		—		29,789		—		739		—		1		30,529
Total Commercial	$	264,131	$	589,634	$	453,286	$	87,778	$	32,500	$	70,773	$	1,498,102
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development
Pass	$	341,573	$	840,168	$	530,211	$	186,626	$	124,467	$	37,404	$	2,060,449
Special Review		—		—		—		—		208		—		208
Watch List - Doubtful		—		19,982		407		92		—		—		20,481
Total Commercial real estate: other construction & land development	$	341,573	$	860,150	$	530,618	$	186,718	$	124,675	$	37,404	$	2,081,138
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial
Pass	$	294,941	$	723,848	$	534,498	$	353,714	$	228,974	$	336,205	$	2,472,180
Special Review		—		173		—		835		—		—		1,008
Watch List - Pass		—		16,986		243		—		—		—		17,229
Watch List - Substandard		—		54,038		4,556		2,486		93		11,212		72,385
Watch List - Doubtful		—		91		—		—		—		206		297
Total Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial	$	294,941	$	795,136	$	539,297	$	357,035	$	229,067	$	347,623	$	2,563,099
Commercial real estate: multifamily
Pass	$	45,117	$	125,030	$	50,142	$	58,802	$	11,427	$	18,916	$	309,434
Watch List - Doubtful		—		110		—		—		—		—		110
Total Commercial real estate: multifamily	$	45,117	$	125,140	$	50,142	$	58,802	$	11,427	$	18,916	$	309,544
Residential: first lien
Pass	$	71,028	$	97,907	$	76,400	$	45,354	$	32,016	$	96,356	$	419,061
Watch List - Substandard		—		—		354		66		—		—		420
Watch List - Doubtful		—		74		—		—		—		—		74
Total Residential: first lien	$	71,028	$	97,981	$	76,754	$	45,420	$	32,016	$	96,356	$	419,555
Residential: junior lien
Pass	$	15,944	$	90,944	$	103,512	$	86,758	$	39,295	$	102,583	$	439,036
Watch List- Doubtful		—		318		—		—		—		—		318
Total Residential: junior lien	$	15,944	$	91,262	$	103,512	$	86,758	$	39,295	$	102,583	$	439,354
Residential: junior lien
Consumer
Pass	$	12,176	$	24,278	$	4,412	$	542	$	344	$	1,638	$	43,390
Total Consumer	$	12,176	$	24,278	$	4,412	$	542	$	344	$	1,638	$	43,390
Foreign
Pass	$	27,135	$	119,493	$	15,902	$	4,996	$	4,479	$	5,586	$	177,591
Total Foreign	$	27,135	$	119,493	$	15,902	$	4,996	$	4,479	$	5,586	$	177,591
Total Loans	$	1,072,045	$	2,703,074	$	1,773,923	$	828,049	$	473,803	$	680,879	$	7,531,773

		2022	2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2022
Domestic
Commercial
Pass	$	736,462	$	524,879	$	96,401	$	35,917	$	43,792	$	29,464	$	1,466,915
Special Review		377		213		—		—		—		—		590
Watch List - Substandard		161		149		143		—		49		—		502
Watch List - Doubtful		29,789		—		954		—		—		4		30,747
Total Commercial	$	766,789	$	525,241	$	97,498	$	35,917	$	43,841	$	29,468	$	1,498,754
Commercial
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development
Pass	$	913,675	$	666,347	$	173,824	$	174,897	$	35,069	$	5,165	$	1,968,977
Special Review		—		—		—		209		—		—		209
Watch List - Doubtful		19,982		407		94		—		—		—		20,483
Total Commercial real estate: other construction & land development	$	933,657	$	666,754	$	173,918	$	175,106	$	35,069	$	5,165	$	1,989,669
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial
Pass	$	811,117	$	584,134	$	456,200	$	232,537	$	325,214	$	81,295	$	2,490,497
Special Review		2,855		—		842		—		—		—		3,697
Watch List - Pass		17,060		247		—		—		—		—		17,307
Watch List - Substandard		2,275		—		54,152		96		—		—		56,523
Watch List - Doubtful		94		—		—		—		—		—		94
Total Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial	$	833,401	$	584,381	$	511,194	$	232,633	$	325,214	$	81,295	$	2,568,118
Commercial real estate: multifamily
Pass	$	127,680	$	87,469	$	59,035	$	12,026	$	5,490	$	14,684	$	306,384
Watch List - Doubtful		117		—		—		—		—		—		117
Total Commercial real estate: multifamily	$	127,797	$	87,469	$	59,035	$	12,026	$	5,490	$	14,684	$	306,501
Residential: first lien
Pass	$	138,771	$	82,466	$	49,591	$	40,985	$	33,814	$	79,660	$	425,287
Watch List - Substandard		—		360		—		—		—		—		360
Watch List - Doubtful		77		—		—		—		—		—		77
Total Residential: first lien	$	138,848	$	82,826	$	49,591	$	40,985	$	33,814	$	79,660	$	425,724
Residential: junior lien
Pass	$	92,256	$	108,815	$	91,130	$	41,273	$	21,975	$	84,509	$	439,958
Watch List- Doubtful		—		312		—		—		—		—		312
Total Residential: junior lien	$	92,256	$	109,127	$	91,130	$	41,273	$	21,975	$	84,509	$	440,270
Consumer
Pass	$	31,962	$	6,603	$	897	$	489	$	28	$	1,613	$	41,592
Total Consumer	$	31,962	$	6,603	$	897	$	489	$	28	$	1,613	$	41,592
Foreign
Pass	$	124,265	$	19,082	$	5,362	$	4,848	$	3,417	$	3,001	$	159,975
Total Foreign	$	124,265	$	19,082	$	5,362	$	4,848	$	3,417	$	3,001	$	159,975
Total Loans	$	3,048,975	$	2,081,483	$	988,625	$	543,277	$	468,848	$	299,395	$	7,430,603

The increase in Watch-List Substandard Commercial loans at March 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022 can be primarily attributed to a loan secured by accounts receivable that was downgraded from Pass.  The increase in Watch-List Substandard Commercial Real Estate: Farmland & Commercial loans at March 31, 2022 compared to December 31, 2022 can be primarily attributed to the downgrade from Pass of two loans that are secured by real estate.  

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Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights

Stock Options

Note 5 — Stock Options

On April 5, 2012, the Board of Directors adopted the 2012 International Bancshares Corporation Stock Option Plan (the “2012 Plan”). There were 800,000 shares of common stock available for stock option grants under the 2012

Plan, which were qualified incentive stock options (“ISOs”) or non-qualified stock options. Options granted may be exercisable for a period of up to 10 years from the date of grant, excluding ISOs granted to 10% shareholders, which may be exercisable for a period of up to only five years. On April 4, 2022 the 2012 plan expired and was not renewed.

A summary of option activity under the stock option plan for the three months ended March 31, 2023 is as follows:

				Weighted
		Weighted		average
		average		remaining	Aggregate
	Number of	exercise		contractual	intrinsic
	options	price		term (years)	value ($)
					(in Thousands)
Options outstanding at December 31, 2022	461,822	$	29.67
Plus: Options granted	—		—
Less:
Options exercised	3,537		24.00
Options expired	—		—
Options forfeited	2,938		36.51
Options outstanding at March 31, 2023	455,347		29.67	3.82	$	5,987
Options fully vested and exercisable at March 31, 2023	257,932	$	25.20	2.06	$	4,545

Stock-based compensation expense included in the consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 was $102,000 and $121,000, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, there was approximately $660,000 of total unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to non-vested options granted under our plans that will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.6 years.

On April 18, 2022, the Board of Directors adopted the 2022 International Bancshares Corporation Stock Appreciation Rights Plan (the “SAR Plan”). There are 750,000 shares of underlying common stock that may be used for stock appreciation right (“SAR”) grants under the plan, however, no actual shares will be granted. Upon exercise, the SAR will be settled in cash. SARs granted may be exercisable for a period of up to 10 years from the date of grant and may vest over an eight-year period. As of March 31, 2023, a total of 502,250 SARs had been issued under the SAR Plan.

A summary of activity under the SAR Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2023 is as follows:

				Weighted
		Weighted		average
	Number of	average		remaining	Aggregate
	stock appreciation	exercise		contractual	intrinsic
	rights	price		term (years)	value ($)
					(in Thousands)
Stock appreciation rights outstanding at December 31, 2022	489,250	$	39.35
Plus: Stock appreciation rights granted
Less:
Stock appreciation rights exercised	—		—
Stock appreciation rights expired	—		—
Stock appreciation rights forfeited	5,750		39.33
Stock appreciation rights outstanding at March 31, 2023	483,500		39.35	9.50	$	1,680
Stock appreciation rights fully vested and exercisable at March 31, 2023	—	$	—

The fair value of the liability for payments due to stock appreciation rights holders at March 31, 2023 is approximately $712,000, as calculated using a Black-Sholes Merton model, and is included in other liabilities on the

consolidated statements of condition. The expense recorded in connection with all grants under the SAR Plan totaled $166,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

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Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments

Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments

Note 6 — Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments

We classify debt securities into one of three categories: held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, or trading. Such debt securities are reassessed for appropriate classification at each reporting date. Securities classified as “held-to-maturity” are carried at amortized cost for financial statement reporting, while securities classified as “available-for-sale” and “trading” are carried at their fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses are included in net income for those securities classified as “trading,” while unrealized holding gains and losses related to those securities classified as “available-for-sale” are excluded from net income and reported net of tax as other comprehensive income (loss) and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until realized, or in the case of losses, when deemed other than temporary. Available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities in an unrealized loss position are evaluated for the underlying cause of the loss. In the event that the deterioration in value is attributable to credit related reasons, then the amount of credit-related impairment will be recorded as a charge to our ACL with subsequent changes in the amount of impairment, up or down, also recorded through our ACL. We have evaluated the debt securities classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at March 31, 2023 and have determined that no debt securities in an unrealized loss position are arising from credit related reasons and have therefore not recorded any allowances for debt securities in our ACL for the period. Unrealized gains and losses related to equity securities with readily determinable fair values are included in net income.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value by type of investment security at March 31, 2023 are as follows:

	Held to Maturity
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		Estimated		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		fair value		value
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Other securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400
Total investment securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400

	Available for Sale Debt Securities
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		Estimated		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		fair value		value(1)
	(Dollars in Thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,967	$	—	$	(42)	$	49,925	$	49,925
Residential mortgage-backed securities		5,184,217		5,289		(542,277)		4,647,229		4,647,229
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		162,947		1,485		(1,768)		162,664		162,664
Total investment securities	$	5,397,131	$	6,774	$	(544,087)	$	4,859,818	$	4,859,818

(1) Included in the carrying value of residential mortgage-backed securities are $810,907 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae and $3,836,322 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value by type of investment security at December 31, 2022 are as follows:

	Held to Maturity
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		Estimated		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		fair value		value
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Other securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400
Total investment securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400

	Available for Sale
			Gross		Gross		Estimated
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		fair		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		value		value(1)
	(Dollars in Thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,752	$	—	$	(359)	$	49,393	$	49,393
Residential mortgage-backed securities		4,805,735		3,145		(599,668)		4,209,212		4,209,212
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		163,509		927		(5,245)		159,191		159,191
Total investment securities	$	5,018,996	$	4,072	$	(605,272)	$	4,417,796	$	4,417,796

(1) Included in the carrying value of residential mortgage-backed securities are $681,121 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae and $3,528,091 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities at March 31, 2023, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

	Held to Maturity				Available for Sale
	Amortized		Estimated		Amortized		Estimated
	Cost		fair value		Cost		fair value
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	1,075	$	1,075	$	49,967	$	49,925
Due after one year through five years		2,325		2,325		—		—
Due after five years through ten years		—		—		440		440
Due after ten years		—		—		162,507		162,224
Residential mortgage-backed securities		—		—		5,184,217		4,647,229
Total investment securities	$	3,400	$	3,400	$	5,397,131	$	4,859,818

Residential mortgage-backed securities are securities primarily issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), or the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”). Investments in residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae are fully guaranteed by the U.S. Government. Investments in residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae are not fully guaranteed by the U.S. Government, however, we believe that the quality of the bonds is similar to other AAA rated bonds with limited credit risk, particularly given the placement of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac into conservatorship by the federal government in early September 2008 and because securities issued by others that are collateralized by residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac are rated consistently as AAA rated securities.

The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale debt investment securities pledged to qualify for fiduciary powers, to secure public monies as required by law, repurchase agreements and short-term fixed borrowings was $1,428,702,000 and $1,249,080,000, respectively, at March 31, 2023.

Proceeds from the sale and calls of debt securities available-for-sale were $450,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, which included $0 and $0 of mortgage-backed securities. Gross gains of $0 and gross losses of $0 were realized on the sales and calls for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Proceeds from the sale and call of debt securities available-for-sale were $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which included $0 of mortgage-backed securities. Gross gains of $0 and gross losses of $0 were realized on the sales and calls for the three months ended March 31, 2022, respectively.

Gross unrealized losses on debt investment securities and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual debt securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at March 31, 2023, were as follows:

	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Available for sale:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,925	$	(42)	$	—	$	—	$	49,925	$	(42)
Residential mortgage-backed securities		1,438,275		(44,176)		2,969,348		(498,101)		4,407,623		(542,277)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		105,758		(1,768)		—		—		105,758		(1,768)
	$	1,593,958	$	(45,986)	$	2,969,348	$	(498,101)	$	4,563,306	$	(544,087)

Gross unrealized losses on investment securities and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2022 were as follows:

	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Available for sale:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,394	$	(359)	$	—	$	—	$	49,394	$	(359)
Residential mortgage-backed securities		1,357,905		(87,815)		2,566,975		(511,853)		3,924,880		(599,668)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		118,772		(5,245)		—		—		118,772		(5,245)
	$	1,526,071	$	(93,419)	$	2,566,975	$	(511,853)	$	4,093,046	$	(605,272)

The unrealized losses on investments in residential mortgage-backed securities are primarily caused by changes in market interest rates. We have no intent to sell and will more than likely not be required to sell before a market price recovery or maturity of the securities; therefore, it is our conclusion that the investments in residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae and Ginnie Mae are not considered other-than-temporarily impaired. We generally use a dollar cost averaging method of investing to manage our investment portfolio thereby averaging our investment returns over time.

Equity securities with readily determinable fair values consist primarily of Community Reinvestment Act funds. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the balance in equity securities with readily determinable fair values recorded at fair value were $5,392,000 and $5,358,000, respectively. The following is a summary of unrealized and realized gains and losses recognized in net income on equity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the three months ended March 31, 2022:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2023
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Net gains recognized during the period on equity securities	$	34
Less: Net gains and (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period		—
Unrealized gains recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date	$	34

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2022
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Net losses recognized during the period on equity securities	$	(269)
Less: Net gains and (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period		—
Unrealized losses recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date	$	(269)

Other investments include equity and merchant banking investments held by our subsidiary banks and non-banking entities. We hold ownership interests in limited partnerships for the purpose of investing in low-income housing tax credit (“LIHTC”) projects. The partnerships may acquire, construct or rehabilitate housing for low- and moderate-income individuals. We realize a return primarily from federal tax credits and other federal tax deductions associated with the underlying projects. We are a limited partner in the partnerships, and not required to consolidate the entities in our consolidated financial statements. Investments in LIHTC projects totaled $214,549,000 at March 31, 2023 and at December 31, 2022 and are included in other investments on the consolidated financial statements. Unfunded commitments to LIHTC projects totaled $37,357,000 at March 31, 2023 and $41,191,000 at December 31, 2022 and are included in other liabilities on the consolidated financial statements.

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Other Borrowed Funds

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Other Borrowed Funds

Other Borrowed Funds

Note 7 — Other Borrowed Funds

Other borrowed funds include FHLB borrowings, which are short-term and long-term borrowings issued by the FHLB of Dallas at the market price offered at the time of funding. These borrowings are secured by residential mortgage-backed investment securities and a portion of our loan portfolio. At March 31, 2023, other borrowed funds totaled $10,895,000 compared to $10,944,000 at December 31, 2022.

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Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures

Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures

Note 8 — Junior Subordinated Interest Deferrable Debentures

As of March 31, 2023, we had five statutory business trusts under the laws of the State of Delaware, for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. The five statutory business trusts we formed (the “Trusts”) each issued Capital and Common Securities and invested the proceeds thereof in an equivalent amount of junior subordinated debentures (“Debentures”) that we issued. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the principal amount of Debentures outstanding totaled $134,642,000.

The Debentures are subordinated and junior in right of payment to all present and future senior indebtedness (as defined in the respective Indentures) and are pari passu with one another. The interest rate payable on, and the payment terms of the Debentures are the same as the distribution rate and payment terms of the respective issues of Capital and Common Securities issued by the Trusts. We have fully and unconditionally guaranteed the obligations of each of the Trusts with respect to the Capital and Common Securities. We have the right, unless an Event of Default (as defined in the Indentures) has occurred and is continuing, to defer payment of interest on the Debentures for up to twenty consecutive quarterly periods on Trusts VIII, IX, X, XI and XII. If interest payments on any of the Debentures are deferred, distributions on both the Capital and Common Securities related to that Debenture would also be deferred. The redemption prior to maturity of any of the Debentures may require the prior approval of the Federal Reserve and/or other regulatory bodies.

For financial reporting purposes, the Trusts are treated as our investments and not consolidated in our consolidated financial statements. Although the Capital and Common Securities issued by each of the Trusts are not included as a component of shareholders’ equity on the consolidated statement of condition, the Capital and Common Securities are treated as capital for regulatory purposes. Specifically, under applicable regulatory guidelines, the Capital and Common Securities issued by the Trusts qualify as Tier 1 capital up to a maximum of 25% of Tier 1 capital on an

aggregate basis. Any amount that exceeds the 25% threshold would qualify as Tier 2 capital. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the total $134,642,000 of the Capital and Common Securities outstanding qualified as Tier 1 capital.

The following table illustrates key information about each of the Capital and Common Securities and their interest rate at March 31, 2023:

	Junior
	Subordinated
	Deferrable
	Interest		Repricing	Interest		Interest				Optional
	Debentures		Frequency	Rate		Rate Index(1)			Maturity Date	Redemption Date(1)
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Trust VIII	$	25,774	Quarterly	7.88	%	LIBOR	+	3.05	October 2033	October 2008
Trust IX		41,238	Quarterly	6.37	%	LIBOR	+	1.62	October 2036	October 2011
Trust X		21,021	Quarterly	6.46	%	LIBOR	+	1.65	February 2037	February 2012
Trust XI		25,990	Quarterly	6.37	%	LIBOR	+	1.62	July 2037	July 2012
Trust XII		20,619	Quarterly	6.41	%	LIBOR	+	1.45	September 2037	September 2012
	$	134,642

(1)   The Capital and Common Securities may be redeemed in whole or in part on any interest payment date after the Optional Redemption Date.

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Common Stock and Dividends

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Common Stock and Dividends

Common Stock and Dividends

Note 9 — Common Stock and Dividends

We paid cash dividends of $.63 per share on February 28, 2023 to record holders of our common stock on February 15, 2023. We paid cash dividends of $.60 per share on February 28, 2022 to record holders of our common Stock on February 15, 2022.

In April 2009, the Board of Directors re-established a formal stock repurchase program that authorized the repurchase of up to $40 million of common stock within the following 12 months. Annually since then, including on February 21, 2023, the Board of Directors extended and increased the repurchase program to purchase up to $124 million of common stock during the 12-month period commencing on March 15, 2023. Shares of common stock may be purchased from time to time on the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. Shares purchased in this program will be held in treasury for reissue for various corporate purposes, including employee compensation plans. During the first quarter of 2023, the Board of Directors adopted a Rule 10b-18 trading plan and a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan and intends to adopt additional Rule 10b-18 and Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, which will allow us to purchase shares of our common stock during certain open and blackout periods when we ordinarily would not be in the market due to trading restrictions in our insider trading policy. During the terms of both a Rule 10b-18 and Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, purchases of common stock are automatic to the extent the conditions of the plan’s trading instructions are met. Shares purchased under these trading plans will be held in treasury for reissue for various corporate purposes, including employee stock compensation plans. As of May 1, 2023, a total of 13,615,730 shares had been repurchased under all programs at a cost of $411,099,000. We are not obligated to purchase shares under our stock repurchase program outside of the Rule 10b-18 and Rule 10b5-1trading plans.

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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities and Other Tax Matters

Note 10 — Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

We are involved in various legal proceedings that are in various stages of litigation. We have determined, based on discussions with its counsel, that any material loss in such actions, individually or in the aggregate, is remote or the damages sought, even if fully recovered, would not be considered material to our consolidated financial position or results of operations. However, many of these matters are in various stages of proceedings and further developments could cause management to revise its assessment of these matters.

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Capital Ratios

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Capital Requirements

Capital Ratios

Note 11 — Capital Ratios

Banks and bank holding companies are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by state and federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amount and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgements by regulators about components, risk-weighting and other factors.

In July 2013, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) and other regulatory bodies established a new, comprehensive capital framework for U.S. banking organizations, consisting of minimum requirements that increase both the quantity and quality of capital held by banking organizations. The final rules are a result of the implementation of the BASEL III capital reforms and various Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd Frank”) related capital provisions. Consistent with the Basel international framework, the rules include a minimum ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) to risk-weighted assets of 4.5% and a CET1 capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets. The capital conservation buffer began phasing-in on January 1, 2016 at .625% and increased each year until January 1, 2019, when we were required to have a 2.5% capital conservation buffer, effectively resulting in a minimum ratio of CET1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 7% upon full implementation. The rules also raised the minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets from 4% to 6% and include a minimum leverage ratio of 4% for all banking organizations. Regarding the quality of capital, the rules emphasize CET1 capital and implements strict eligibility criteria for regulatory capital instruments. The rules also improve the methodology for calculating risk-weighted assets to enhance risk sensitivity. The rules were subject to a four-year phase in period for mandatory compliance and we were required to begin to phase in the rules beginning on January 1, 2015. We believe that as of March 31, 2023, we continue to meet all fully phased-in capital adequacy requirements.

On November 21, 2017, the OCC, the Federal Reserve and the FDIC finalized a proposed rule that extends the current treatment under the regulatory capital rules for certain regulatory capital deductions and risk weights and certain minority interest requirements, as they apply to banking organizations that are not subject to the advanced approaches capital rules. Effective January 1, 2018, the rule also paused the full transition to the Basel III treatment of mortgage servicing assets, certain deferred tax assets, investments in the capital of unconsolidated financial institutions and minority interests. The agencies are also considering whether to make adjustments to the capital rules in response to CECL (the FASB Standard relating to current expected credit loss) and its potential impact on regulatory capital.

On December 7, 2017, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision unveiled the latest round of its regulatory capital framework, commonly called “Basel IV.” The framework makes changes to the capital framework first introduced as “Basel III” in 2010. The committee targeted 2022-2027 as the timeframe for implementation by regulators in individual countries, including the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies (after notice and comment).

The aforementioned capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions with a ratio of CET1 capital to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the conservation buffer will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall.

As of March 31, 2023, our capital levels continue to exceed all capital adequacy requirements under the Basel III Capital Rules as currently applicable to us.

On May 24, 2018, the EGRRCPA was enacted and, among other things, it includes a simplified capital rule change which effectively exempts banks with assets of less than $10 billion that exceed the “community bank leverage ratio,” from all risk-based capital requirements, including Basel III and its predecessors. The federal banking agencies must establish the “community bank leverage ratio” (a ratio of tangible equity to average consolidated assets) between 8% and 10% before community banks can begin to take advantage of this regulatory relief provision. Some of the Subsidiary Banks, with assets of less than $10 billion, may qualify for this exemption. Additionally, under the EGRRCPA, qualified bank holding companies with assets of up to $3 billion (currently $1 billion) will be eligible for the Federal Reserve’s Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement, which eases limitations on the issuance of debt by holding companies. On August 28, 2018, the Federal Reserve issued an interim final rule expanding the applicability of its Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement. While holding companies that meet the conditions of the policy

statement are excluded from consolidated capital requirements, their depository institutions continue to be subject to minimum capital requirements. Finally, for banks that continue to be subject to the risk-based capital rules of Basel III (e.g., 150%), certain commercial real estate loans that were formally classified as high volatility commercial real estate 31 (“HVCRE”) will not be subject to heightened risk weights if they meet certain criteria. Also, while acquisition, development, and construction (“ADC”) loans will generally be subject to heightened risk weights, certain exceptions will apply. On September 18, 2018, the federal banking agencies issued a proposed rule modifying the agencies’ capital rules for HVCRE.

We had a CET1 to risk-weighted assets ratio of 20.43% on March 31, 2023 and 20.21% on December 31, 2022. We had a Tier 1 capital-to-average-total-asset (leverage) ratio of 15.61% and 14.59%, risk-weighted Tier 1 capital ratio of 21.37% and 21.04% and risk-weighted total capital ratio of 22.60% and 22.22% at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Our CET1 capital consists of common stock and related surplus, net of treasury stock, and retained earnings. We and our Subsidiary Banks elected to opt-out of the requirement to include most components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the calculation of CET1 capital. CET1 is reduced by goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities and subject to transition provisions. Tier 1 capital includes CET1 capital and additional Tier 1 capital. Additional Tier 1 capital includes the Capital and Common Securities issued by the Trusts (see Note 8 above) up to a maximum of 25% of Tier 1 capital on an aggregate basis. Any amount that exceeds the 25% threshold qualifies as Tier 2 capital. As of March 31, 2023, the total of $134,642,000 of the Capital and Common Securities outstanding qualified as Tier 1 capital. We actively monitor the regulatory capital ratios to ensure that our Subsidiary Banks are well-capitalized under the regulatory framework.

The CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratios are calculated by dividing the respective capital amounts by risk-weighted assets. Risk-weighted assets are calculated based on regulatory requirements and include total assets, excluding goodwill and other intangible assets, allocated by risk-weight category, and certain off-balance-sheet items, among other things. The leverage ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by adjusted quarterly average total assets, which exclude goodwill and other intangible assets, among other things.

We and our Subsidiary Banks are subject to the regulatory capital requirements administered by the Federal Reserve, and, for our Subsidiary Banks, the FDIC. Regulatory authorities can initiate certain mandatory actions if we or any of our Subsidiary Banks fail to meet the minimum capital requirements, which could have a direct material effect on our financial statements. Management believes, as of March 31, 2023, that we and each of our Subsidiary Banks meet all capital adequacy requirements to which we are subject.

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Fair Value (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The following table represents assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated balance sheets at their fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2023 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at
			Reporting Date Using
			(in Thousands)
			Quoted
			Prices in
			Active		Significant
	Assets/Liabilities		Markets for		Other		Significant
	Measured at		Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Fair Value		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	March 31, 2023		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Measured on a recurring basis:
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,925	$	—	$	49,925	$	—
Residential mortgage-backed securities		4,647,229		—		4,647,229		—
States and political subdivisions		162,664		—		162,664		—
Equity Securities		5,392		5,392		—		—
	$	4,865,210	$	5,392	$	4,859,818	$	—

The following table represents assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated balance sheets at their fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at
			Reporting Date Using
			(in Thousands)
			Quoted
			Prices in
			Active		Significant
	Assets/Liabilities		Markets for		Other		Significant
	Measured at		Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Fair Value		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	December 31, 2022		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Measured on a recurring basis:
Assets:
Available for sale securities
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,393	$	—	$	49,393	$	—
Residential mortgage-backed securities		4,209,212		—		4,209,212		—
States and political subdivisions		159,191		—		159,191		—
Equity Securities		5,358		5,358		—		—
	$	4,423,154	$	5,358	$	4,417,796	$	—

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis

The following table represents financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of and for the period ended March 31, 2023 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting
			Date Using
			(in thousands)
			Quoted
	Assets/Liabilities		Prices in
	Measured at		Active		Significant
	Fair Value		Markets for		Other		Significant		Net
	Period ended		Identical		Observable		Unobservable		Provision
	March 31,		Assets		Inputs		Inputs		During
	2023		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Period
Measured on a non-recurring basis:
Assets:
Watch-List doubtful loans	$	29,894	$	—	$	—	$	29,894	$	1,000
Other real estate owned		752		—		—		752		250

The following table represents financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of and for the period ended December 31, 2022 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting
			Date Using
			(in thousands)
			Quoted
	Assets/Liabilities		Prices in
	Measured at		Active		Significant
	Fair Value		Markets		Other		Significant		Net
	Year ended		for Identical		Observable		Unobservable		Provision
	December 31,		Assets		Inputs		Inputs		During
	2022		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Period
Measured on a non-recurring basis:
Assets:
Watch-List doubtful loans	$	30,743	$	—	$	—	$	30,743	$	2,346
Other real estate owned		5,653		—		—		5,653		1,627

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Loans (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Loans

Summary of loans, by loan type

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	4,370,745	$	4,373,373
Real estate - mortgage		858,909		865,994
Real estate - construction		2,081,138		1,989,669
Consumer		43,390		41,592
Foreign		177,591		159,975
Total loans	$	7,531,773	$	7,430,603

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Allowance for Credit Losses (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Allowance for Credit Losses

Loans individually or collectively evaluated for their impairment and related allowance, by loan class

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Domestic														Foreign
			Commercial
			Real Estate:
			Other		Commercial
			Construction &		Real Estate:		Commercial
			Land		Farmland &		Real Estate:		Residential:		Residential:
	Commercial		Development		Commercial		Multifamily		First Lien		Junior Lien		Consumer		Foreign		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	26,728	$	44,684	$	36,474	$	3,794	$	4,759	$	8,284	$	281	$	968	$	125,972
Losses charged to allowance		(1,971)		—		—		—		—		(1)		(61)		—		(2,033)
Recoveries credited to allowance		625		311		5		—		7		77		6		—		1,031
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance		(1,346)		311		5		—		7		76		(55)		—		(1,002)
Credit loss expense		2,406		5,938		77		190		(207)		(3)		65		121		8,587
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	27,788	$	50,933	$	36,556	$	3,984	$	4,559	$	8,357	$	291	$	1,089	$	133,557

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Domestic														Foreign
			Commercial
			Real Estate:
			Other		Commercial
			Construction &		Real Estate:		Commercial
			Land		Farmland &		Real Estate:		Residential:		Residential:
	Commercial		Development		Commercial		Multifamily		First Lien		Junior Lien		Consumer		Foreign		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	23,178	$	35,390	$	35,654	$	3,291	$	4,073	$	7,754	$	272	$	762	$	110,374
Losses charged to allowance		(2,112)		(2)		—		—		(99)		(28)		(88)		—		(2,329)
Recoveries credited to allowance		602		2		8		—		30		48		11		—		701
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance		(1,510)		—		8		—		(69)		20		(77)		—		(1,628)
Credit loss expense		2,233		982		(808)		(229)		12		(728)		69		(50)		1,481
Balance at March 31, 2022	$	23,901	$	36,372	$	34,854	$	3,062	$	4,016	$	7,046	$	264	$	712	$	110,227

	March 31, 2023
	Loans Individually				Loans Collectively
	Evaluated For				Evaluated For
	Impairment				Impairment
	Recorded				Recorded
	Investment		Allowance		Investment		Allowance
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	30,529	$	3,375	$	1,467,573	$	24,413
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		20,481		70		2,060,657		50,863
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		297		—		2,562,801		36,556
Commercial real estate: multifamily		110		—		309,435		3,984
Residential: first lien		74		—		419,481		4,559
Residential: junior lien		318		—		439,036		8,357
Consumer		—		—		43,390		291
Foreign		—		—		177,591		1,089
Total	$	51,809	$	3,445	$	7,479,964	$	130,112

	December 31, 2022
	Loans Individually				Loans Collectively
	Evaluated For				Evaluated For
	Impairment				Impairment
	Recorded				Recorded
	Investment		Allowance		Investment		Allowance
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	30,747	$	2,375	$	1,468,006	$	24,353
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		20,483		70		1,969,186		44,614
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		94		—		2,568,025		36,474
Commercial real estate: multifamily		117		—		306,384		3,794
Residential: first lien		77		—		425,647		4,759
Residential: junior lien		312		—		439,958		8,284
Consumer		—		—		41,592		281
Foreign		—		—		159,975		968
Total	$	51,830	$	2,445	$	7,378,773	$	123,527

Loans accounted on non-accrual basis, by loan class

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	30,529	$	30,747
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		20,481		20,483
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		297		94
Commercial real estate: multifamily		110		117
Residential: first lien		215		207
Total non-accrual loans	$	51,632	$	51,648

Loans accounted for as trouble debt restructuring, by loan class

	December 31, 2022
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Residential: first lien	$	1,642
Residential: junior lien		714
Consumer		802
Foreign		55
Total troubled debt restructuring	$	3,213

Information regarding the aging of past due loans, by loan class

	March 31, 2023
							90 Days or		Total
	30 - 59		60 - 89		90 Days or		greater &		Past				Total
	Days		Days		Greater		still accruing		Due		Current		Portfolio
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	2,162	$	217	$	30,549	$	121	$	32,928	$	1,465,174	$	1,498,102
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		14,242		—		19,982		—		34,224		2,046,914		2,081,138
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		594		4,565		—		—		5,159		2,557,940		2,563,099
Commercial real estate: multifamily		233		—		—		—		233		309,311		309,544
Residential: first lien		1,189		1,153		3,097		2,864		5,439		414,116		419,555
Residential: junior lien		1,235		258		2,051		2,051		3,544		435,810		439,354
Consumer		270		30		12		12		312		43,078		43,390
Foreign		598		11		581		581		1,190		176,401		177,591
Total past due loans	$	20,523	$	6,234	$	56,272	$	5,629	$	83,029	$	7,448,744	$	7,531,773

	December 31, 2022
							90 Days or		Total
	30 - 59		60 - 89		90 Days or		greater &		Past				Total
	Days		Days		Greater		still accruing		Due		Current		Portfolio
		(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	1,732	$	258	$	1,014	$	59	$	3,004	$	1,495,750	$	1,498,754
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		1,130		—		—		—		1,130		1,988,539		1,989,669
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		1,744		117		—		—		1,861		2,566,257		2,568,118
Commercial real estate: multifamily		—		—		—		—		—		306,501		306,501
Residential: first lien		2,023		1,068		4,189		4,061		7,280		418,444		425,724
Residential: junior lien		925		771		1,717		1,717		3,413		436,857		440,270
Consumer		281		14		7		7		302		41,290		41,592
Foreign		717		23		288		288		1,028		158,947		159,975
Total past due loans	$	8,552	$	2,251	$	7,215	$	6,132	$	18,018	$	7,412,585	$	7,430,603

Summary of the loan portfolio by credit quality indicator, by loan class

		2023	2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at March 31, 2023
Domestic
Commercial
Pass	$	263,913	$	530,585	$	452,955	$	87,039	$	32,481	$	68,318	$	1,435,291
Special Review		—		371		201		—		—		—		572
Watch List - Substandard		218		28,889		130		—		19		2,454		31,710
Watch List - Doubtful		—		29,789		—		739		—		1		30,529
Total Commercial	$	264,131	$	589,634	$	453,286	$	87,778	$	32,500	$	70,773	$	1,498,102
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development
Pass	$	341,573	$	840,168	$	530,211	$	186,626	$	124,467	$	37,404	$	2,060,449
Special Review		—		—		—		—		208		—		208
Watch List - Doubtful		—		19,982		407		92		—		—		20,481
Total Commercial real estate: other construction & land development	$	341,573	$	860,150	$	530,618	$	186,718	$	124,675	$	37,404	$	2,081,138
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial
Pass	$	294,941	$	723,848	$	534,498	$	353,714	$	228,974	$	336,205	$	2,472,180
Special Review		—		173		—		835		—		—		1,008
Watch List - Pass		—		16,986		243		—		—		—		17,229
Watch List - Substandard		—		54,038		4,556		2,486		93		11,212		72,385
Watch List - Doubtful		—		91		—		—		—		206		297
Total Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial	$	294,941	$	795,136	$	539,297	$	357,035	$	229,067	$	347,623	$	2,563,099
Commercial real estate: multifamily
Pass	$	45,117	$	125,030	$	50,142	$	58,802	$	11,427	$	18,916	$	309,434
Watch List - Doubtful		—		110		—		—		—		—		110
Total Commercial real estate: multifamily	$	45,117	$	125,140	$	50,142	$	58,802	$	11,427	$	18,916	$	309,544
Residential: first lien
Pass	$	71,028	$	97,907	$	76,400	$	45,354	$	32,016	$	96,356	$	419,061
Watch List - Substandard		—		—		354		66		—		—		420
Watch List - Doubtful		—		74		—		—		—		—		74
Total Residential: first lien	$	71,028	$	97,981	$	76,754	$	45,420	$	32,016	$	96,356	$	419,555
Residential: junior lien
Pass	$	15,944	$	90,944	$	103,512	$	86,758	$	39,295	$	102,583	$	439,036
Watch List- Doubtful		—		318		—		—		—		—		318
Total Residential: junior lien	$	15,944	$	91,262	$	103,512	$	86,758	$	39,295	$	102,583	$	439,354
Residential: junior lien
Consumer
Pass	$	12,176	$	24,278	$	4,412	$	542	$	344	$	1,638	$	43,390
Total Consumer	$	12,176	$	24,278	$	4,412	$	542	$	344	$	1,638	$	43,390
Foreign
Pass	$	27,135	$	119,493	$	15,902	$	4,996	$	4,479	$	5,586	$	177,591
Total Foreign	$	27,135	$	119,493	$	15,902	$	4,996	$	4,479	$	5,586	$	177,591
Total Loans	$	1,072,045	$	2,703,074	$	1,773,923	$	828,049	$	473,803	$	680,879	$	7,531,773

		2022	2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2022
Domestic
Commercial
Pass	$	736,462	$	524,879	$	96,401	$	35,917	$	43,792	$	29,464	$	1,466,915
Special Review		377		213		—		—		—		—		590
Watch List - Substandard		161		149		143		—		49		—		502
Watch List - Doubtful		29,789		—		954		—		—		4		30,747
Total Commercial	$	766,789	$	525,241	$	97,498	$	35,917	$	43,841	$	29,468	$	1,498,754
Commercial
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development
Pass	$	913,675	$	666,347	$	173,824	$	174,897	$	35,069	$	5,165	$	1,968,977
Special Review		—		—		—		209		—		—		209
Watch List - Doubtful		19,982		407		94		—		—		—		20,483
Total Commercial real estate: other construction & land development	$	933,657	$	666,754	$	173,918	$	175,106	$	35,069	$	5,165	$	1,989,669
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial
Pass	$	811,117	$	584,134	$	456,200	$	232,537	$	325,214	$	81,295	$	2,490,497
Special Review		2,855		—		842		—		—		—		3,697
Watch List - Pass		17,060		247		—		—		—		—		17,307
Watch List - Substandard		2,275		—		54,152		96		—		—		56,523
Watch List - Doubtful		94		—		—		—		—		—		94
Total Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial	$	833,401	$	584,381	$	511,194	$	232,633	$	325,214	$	81,295	$	2,568,118
Commercial real estate: multifamily
Pass	$	127,680	$	87,469	$	59,035	$	12,026	$	5,490	$	14,684	$	306,384
Watch List - Doubtful		117		—		—		—		—		—		117
Total Commercial real estate: multifamily	$	127,797	$	87,469	$	59,035	$	12,026	$	5,490	$	14,684	$	306,501
Residential: first lien
Pass	$	138,771	$	82,466	$	49,591	$	40,985	$	33,814	$	79,660	$	425,287
Watch List - Substandard		—		360		—		—		—		—		360
Watch List - Doubtful		77		—		—		—		—		—		77
Total Residential: first lien	$	138,848	$	82,826	$	49,591	$	40,985	$	33,814	$	79,660	$	425,724
Residential: junior lien
Pass	$	92,256	$	108,815	$	91,130	$	41,273	$	21,975	$	84,509	$	439,958
Watch List- Doubtful		—		312		—		—		—		—		312
Total Residential: junior lien	$	92,256	$	109,127	$	91,130	$	41,273	$	21,975	$	84,509	$	440,270
Consumer
Pass	$	31,962	$	6,603	$	897	$	489	$	28	$	1,613	$	41,592
Total Consumer	$	31,962	$	6,603	$	897	$	489	$	28	$	1,613	$	41,592
Foreign
Pass	$	124,265	$	19,082	$	5,362	$	4,848	$	3,417	$	3,001	$	159,975
Total Foreign	$	124,265	$	19,082	$	5,362	$	4,848	$	3,417	$	3,001	$	159,975
Total Loans	$	3,048,975	$	2,081,483	$	988,625	$	543,277	$	468,848	$	299,395	$	7,430,603

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Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights

Summary of option activity under stock option plans

				Weighted
		Weighted		average
		average		remaining	Aggregate
	Number of	exercise		contractual	intrinsic
	options	price		term (years)	value ($)
					(in Thousands)
Options outstanding at December 31, 2022	461,822	$	29.67
Plus: Options granted	—		—
Less:
Options exercised	3,537		24.00
Options expired	—		—
Options forfeited	2,938		36.51
Options outstanding at March 31, 2023	455,347		29.67	3.82	$	5,987
Options fully vested and exercisable at March 31, 2023	257,932	$	25.20	2.06	$	4,545

Summary of activity under the SAR Plan

				Weighted
		Weighted		average
	Number of	average		remaining	Aggregate
	stock appreciation	exercise		contractual	intrinsic
	rights	price		term (years)	value ($)
					(in Thousands)
Stock appreciation rights outstanding at December 31, 2022	489,250	$	39.35
Plus: Stock appreciation rights granted
Less:
Stock appreciation rights exercised	—		—
Stock appreciation rights expired	—		—
Stock appreciation rights forfeited	5,750		39.33
Stock appreciation rights outstanding at March 31, 2023	483,500		39.35	9.50	$	1,680
Stock appreciation rights fully vested and exercisable at March 31, 2023	—	$	—

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Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments

Amortized cost and estimated fair value by type of investment security

The amortized cost and estimated fair value by type of investment security at March 31, 2023 are as follows:

	Held to Maturity
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		Estimated		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		fair value		value
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Other securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400
Total investment securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400

	Available for Sale Debt Securities
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		Estimated		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		fair value		value(1)
	(Dollars in Thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,967	$	—	$	(42)	$	49,925	$	49,925
Residential mortgage-backed securities		5,184,217		5,289		(542,277)		4,647,229		4,647,229
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		162,947		1,485		(1,768)		162,664		162,664
Total investment securities	$	5,397,131	$	6,774	$	(544,087)	$	4,859,818	$	4,859,818

(1) Included in the carrying value of residential mortgage-backed securities are $810,907 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae and $3,836,322 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value by type of investment security at December 31, 2022 are as follows:

	Held to Maturity
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		Estimated		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		fair value		value
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Other securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400
Total investment securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400

	Available for Sale
			Gross		Gross		Estimated
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		fair		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		value		value(1)
	(Dollars in Thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,752	$	—	$	(359)	$	49,393	$	49,393
Residential mortgage-backed securities		4,805,735		3,145		(599,668)		4,209,212		4,209,212
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		163,509		927		(5,245)		159,191		159,191
Total investment securities	$	5,018,996	$	4,072	$	(605,272)	$	4,417,796	$	4,417,796

(1) Included in the carrying value of residential mortgage-backed securities are $681,121 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae and $3,528,091 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie.

Amortized cost and fair value of investment securities, by contractual maturity

	Held to Maturity				Available for Sale
	Amortized		Estimated		Amortized		Estimated
	Cost		fair value		Cost		fair value
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	1,075	$	1,075	$	49,967	$	49,925
Due after one year through five years		2,325		2,325		—		—
Due after five years through ten years		—		—		440		440
Due after ten years		—		—		162,507		162,224
Residential mortgage-backed securities		—		—		5,184,217		4,647,229
Total investment securities	$	3,400	$	3,400	$	5,397,131	$	4,859,818

Gross unrealized losses on investment securities and the related fair value

Gross unrealized losses on debt investment securities and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual debt securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at March 31, 2023, were as follows:

	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Available for sale:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,925	$	(42)	$	—	$	—	$	49,925	$	(42)
Residential mortgage-backed securities		1,438,275		(44,176)		2,969,348		(498,101)		4,407,623		(542,277)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		105,758		(1,768)		—		—		105,758		(1,768)
	$	1,593,958	$	(45,986)	$	2,969,348	$	(498,101)	$	4,563,306	$	(544,087)

Gross unrealized losses on investment securities and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2022 were as follows:

	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Available for sale:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,394	$	(359)	$	—	$	—	$	49,394	$	(359)
Residential mortgage-backed securities		1,357,905		(87,815)		2,566,975		(511,853)		3,924,880		(599,668)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		118,772		(5,245)		—		—		118,772		(5,245)
	$	1,526,071	$	(93,419)	$	2,566,975	$	(511,853)	$	4,093,046	$	(605,272)

Summary of unrealized and realized gains and losses recognized in net income on equity securities

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2023
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Net gains recognized during the period on equity securities	$	34
Less: Net gains and (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period		—
Unrealized gains recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date	$	34

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2022
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Net losses recognized during the period on equity securities	$	(269)
Less: Net gains and (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period		—
Unrealized losses recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date	$	(269)

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Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures

Junior subordinated interest deferrable debentures, major types of business trusts

	Junior
	Subordinated
	Deferrable
	Interest		Repricing	Interest		Interest				Optional
	Debentures		Frequency	Rate		Rate Index(1)			Maturity Date	Redemption Date(1)
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Trust VIII	$	25,774	Quarterly	7.88	%	LIBOR	+	3.05	October 2033	October 2008
Trust IX		41,238	Quarterly	6.37	%	LIBOR	+	1.62	October 2036	October 2011
Trust X		21,021	Quarterly	6.46	%	LIBOR	+	1.65	February 2037	February 2012
Trust XI		25,990	Quarterly	6.37	%	LIBOR	+	1.62	July 2037	July 2012
Trust XII		20,619	Quarterly	6.41	%	LIBOR	+	1.45	September 2037	September 2012
	$	134,642

(1)   The Capital and Common Securities may be redeemed in whole or in part on any interest payment date after the Optional Redemption Date.

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Basis of Presentation (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 segment subsidiary
Basis of Presentation
Number of operating segments | segment	1
Number of active operating bank subsidiaries | subsidiary	5

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Fair Value (Fair Value By Level) (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities	$ 4,859,818,000	$ 4,417,796,000
Equity Securities	5,392,000	5,358,000
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | US Treasury Securities
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities	49,925,000	49,393,000
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | Residential mortgage-backed securities
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities	4,647,229,000	4,209,212,000
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | States and political subdivisions
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities	162,664,000	159,191,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Equity Securities	5,392,000	5,358,000
Marketable Securities	4,865,210,000	4,423,154,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | US Treasury Securities
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities	49,925,000	49,393,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | Residential mortgage-backed securities
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities	4,647,229,000	4,209,212,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | States and political subdivisions
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities	162,664,000	159,191,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Assets:
Equity Securities	5,392,000	5,358,000
Marketable Securities	5,392,000	5,358,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Assets:
Marketable Securities	4,859,818,000	4,417,796,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | US Treasury Securities
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities	49,925,000	49,393,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Residential mortgage-backed securities
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities	4,647,229,000	4,209,212,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | States and political subdivisions
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities	$ 162,664,000	$ 159,191,000

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Fair Value (Fair Value Measurement and Assumptions) (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assumptions used in discounted cash flow model to determine fair value of investments classified within level 3
Doubtful and Impaired commercial collateral dependent loans	$ 51,306,000	$ 51,326,000
Impaired commercial collateral dependent receivables appraisals to determine fair value within immediately preceding twelve months	0	0
Impaired collateral dependent commercial loans with internal evaluation completed within last twelve months	51,306,000	51,326,000
Charges to allowance for probable loan losses in connection with other real estate owned	0	2,000
Adjustment to fair value in connection with other real estate owned	250,000	1,627,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring
Assumptions used in discounted cash flow model to determine fair value of investments classified within level 3
Change in net provision, impaired loans	1,000,000	2,346,000
Change in net provision, other real estate owned	250,000	1,627,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Assets:
Watch-List doubtful loans	29,894,000	30,743,000
Non-financial assets:
Other real estate owned	752,000	5,653,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring | Estimated Fair Value
Assets:
Watch-List doubtful loans	29,894,000	30,743,000
Non-financial assets:
Other real estate owned	$ 752,000	$ 5,653,000

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Fair Value (Other Assumptions) (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Deposits
Carrying amount of time deposits	$ 2,144,395,000	$ 2,068,184,000
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Loans
Carrying amount of fixed rate performing loans	1,196,549,000	1,203,381,000
Estimated fair value of fixed rate performing loans	1,094,152,000	1,100,848,000
Deposits
Carrying amount of time deposits	2,144,695,000	2,068,184,000
Estimated fair value of time deposits	2,154,962,000	2,076,231,000
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Other borrowed funds
Carrying amount of the long-term FHLB borrowings	10,895,000	10,944,000
Estimated fair value of long-term FHLB borrowings	$ 10,895,000	$ 10,944,000

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Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Summary of loans, by loan type
Total loans	$ 7,531,773	$ 7,430,603
Commercial, financial and agricultural
Summary of loans, by loan type
Total loans	4,370,745	4,373,373
Real estate - mortgage
Summary of loans, by loan type
Total loans	858,909	865,994
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
Summary of loans, by loan type
Total loans	2,081,138	1,989,669
Consumer
Summary of loans, by loan type
Total loans	43,390	41,592
Foreign.
Summary of loans, by loan type
Total loans	$ 177,591	$ 159,975

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Allowance for Credit Losses (By Loan Class) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at the beginning of the period	$ 125,972	$ 110,374
Losses charged to allowance	(2,033)	(2,329)
Recoveries credited to allowance	1,031	701
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance	(1,002)	(1,628)
Credit loss expense	8,587	1,481
Balance at the end of the period	133,557	110,227
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial.
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at the beginning of the period	26,728	23,178
Losses charged to allowance	(1,971)	(2,112)
Recoveries credited to allowance	625	602
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance	(1,346)	(1,510)
Credit loss expense	2,406	2,233
Balance at the end of the period	27,788	23,901
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at the beginning of the period	36,474	35,654
Recoveries credited to allowance	5	8
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance	5	8
Credit loss expense	77	(808)
Balance at the end of the period	36,556	34,854
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: multifamily
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at the beginning of the period	3,794	3,291
Credit loss expense	190	(229)
Balance at the end of the period	3,984	3,062
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at the beginning of the period	44,684	35,390
Losses charged to allowance		(2)
Recoveries credited to allowance	311	2
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance	311
Credit loss expense	5,938	982
Balance at the end of the period	50,933	36,372
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at the beginning of the period	4,759	4,073
Losses charged to allowance		(99)
Recoveries credited to allowance	7	30
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance	7	(69)
Credit loss expense	(207)	12
Balance at the end of the period	4,559	4,016
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential Junior Lien
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at the beginning of the period	8,284	7,754
Losses charged to allowance	(1)	(28)
Recoveries credited to allowance	77	48
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance	76	20
Credit loss expense	(3)	(728)
Balance at the end of the period	8,357	7,046
Consumer | Domestic
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at the beginning of the period	281	272
Losses charged to allowance	(61)	(88)
Recoveries credited to allowance	6	11
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance	(55)	(77)
Credit loss expense	65	69
Balance at the end of the period	291	264
Foreign. | Foreign
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at the beginning of the period	968	762
Credit loss expense	121	(50)
Balance at the end of the period	$ 1,089	$ 712

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Allowance for Credit Losses (Impairment By Loan Class) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable, evaluated individually or collectively
Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	$ 51,809	$ 51,830
Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	3,445	2,445
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	7,479,964	7,378,773
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	130,112	123,527
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial.
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable, evaluated individually or collectively
Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	30,529	30,747
Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	3,375	2,375
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	1,467,573	1,468,006
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	24,413	24,353
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable, evaluated individually or collectively
Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	297	94
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	2,562,801	2,568,025
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	36,556	36,474
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: multifamily
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable, evaluated individually or collectively
Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	110	117
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	309,435	306,384
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	3,984	3,794
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable, evaluated individually or collectively
Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	20,481	20,483
Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	70	70
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	2,060,657	1,969,186
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	50,863	44,614
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable, evaluated individually or collectively
Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	74	77
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	419,481	425,647
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	4,559	4,759
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential Junior Lien
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable, evaluated individually or collectively
Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	318	312
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	439,036	439,958
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	8,357	8,284
Consumer | Domestic
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable, evaluated individually or collectively
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	43,390	41,592
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	291	281
Foreign. | Foreign
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable, evaluated individually or collectively
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	177,591	159,975
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	$ 1,089	$ 968

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Allowance for Credit Losses (Non-accrual Basis By Loan Class) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Loan loss allowances, financing receivable past due
Non-accrual loans, total	$ 51,632	$ 51,648
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial.
Loan loss allowances, financing receivable past due
Non-accrual loans, total	30,529	30,747
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial
Loan loss allowances, financing receivable past due
Non-accrual loans, total	297	94
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: multifamily
Loan loss allowances, financing receivable past due
Non-accrual loans, total	110	117
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development
Loan loss allowances, financing receivable past due
Non-accrual loans, total	20,481	20,483
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien
Loan loss allowances, financing receivable past due
Non-accrual loans, total	$ 215	$ 207

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Allowance for Credit Losses (Impaired Loans) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Loan loss allowances
Total troubled debt restructuring		$ 3,213
Period of charge off for past due unsecured commercial loans	90 days
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien
Loan loss allowances
Total troubled debt restructuring		1,642
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential Junior Lien
Loan loss allowances
Total troubled debt restructuring		714
Consumer | Domestic
Loan loss allowances
Total troubled debt restructuring		802
Foreign. | Foreign
Loan loss allowances
Total troubled debt restructuring		$ 55

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Allowance for Credit Losses (Aging By Loan Class) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financing receivable recorded investment
Past due 90 days or Greater and Still Accruing	$ 5,629	$ 6,132
Loans	7,531,773	7,430,603
Current
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	7,448,744	7,412,585
Total Past Due
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	83,029	18,018
30 to 59 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	20,523	8,552
60 to 89 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	6,234	2,251
90 Days or Greater
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	56,272	7,215
Commercial, financial and agricultural
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	4,370,745	4,373,373
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial.
Financing receivable recorded investment
Past due 90 days or Greater and Still Accruing	121	59
Loans	1,498,102	1,498,754
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial. | Current
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	1,465,174	1,495,750
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial. | Total Past Due
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	32,928	3,004
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial. | 30 to 59 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	2,162	1,732
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial. | 60 to 89 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	217	258
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial. | 90 Days or Greater
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	30,549	1,014
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	2,563,099	2,568,118
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial | Current
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	2,557,940	2,566,257
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial | Total Past Due
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	5,159	1,861
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial | 30 to 59 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	594	1,744
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial | 60 to 89 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	4,565	117
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: multifamily
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	309,544	306,501
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: multifamily | Current
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	309,311	306,501
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: multifamily | Total Past Due
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	233
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: multifamily | 30 to 59 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	233
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	2,081,138	1,989,669
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	2,081,138	1,989,669
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development | Current
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	2,046,914	1,988,539
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development | Total Past Due
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	34,224	1,130
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development | 30 to 59 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	14,242	1,130
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development | 90 Days or Greater
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	19,982
Real estate - mortgage
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	858,909	865,994
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien
Financing receivable recorded investment
Past due 90 days or Greater and Still Accruing	2,864	4,061
Loans	419,555	425,724
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien | Current
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	414,116	418,444
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien | Total Past Due
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	5,439	7,280
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien | 30 to 59 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	1,189	2,023
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien | 60 to 89 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	1,153	1,068
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien | 90 Days or Greater
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	3,097	4,189
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential Junior Lien
Financing receivable recorded investment
Past due 90 days or Greater and Still Accruing	2,051	1,717
Loans	439,354	440,270
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential Junior Lien | Current
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	435,810	436,857
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential Junior Lien | Total Past Due
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	3,544	3,413
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential Junior Lien | 30 to 59 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	1,235	925
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential Junior Lien | 60 to 89 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	258	771
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential Junior Lien | 90 Days or Greater
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	2,051	1,717
Consumer
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	43,390	41,592
Consumer | Domestic
Financing receivable recorded investment
Past due 90 days or Greater and Still Accruing	12	7
Loans	43,390	41,592
Consumer | Domestic | Current
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	43,078	41,290
Consumer | Domestic | Total Past Due
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	312	302
Consumer | Domestic | 30 to 59 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	270	281
Consumer | Domestic | 60 to 89 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	30	14
Consumer | Domestic | 90 Days or Greater
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	12	7
Foreign.
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	177,591	159,975
Foreign. | Foreign
Financing receivable recorded investment
Past due 90 days or Greater and Still Accruing	581	288
Loans	177,591	159,975
Foreign. | Foreign | Current
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	176,401	158,947
Foreign. | Foreign | Total Past Due
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	1,190	1,028
Foreign. | Foreign | 30 to 59 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	598	717
Foreign. | Foreign | 60 to 89 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	11	23
Foreign. | Foreign | 90 Days or Greater
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	$ 581	$ 288

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Allowance for Credit Losses (Portfolio Credit Quality) (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) loan	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2023	$ 1,072,045
2022	2,703,074	$ 3,048,975
2021	1,773,923	2,081,483
2020	828,049	988,625
2019	473,803	543,277
2018/Prior	680,879	468,848
Prior		299,395
Total loans	$ 7,531,773	7,430,603
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
Number of loans downgraded | loan	2
Commercial, financial and agricultural
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
Total loans	$ 4,370,745	4,373,373
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial.
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2023	264,131
2022	589,634	766,789
2021	453,286	525,241
2020	87,778	97,498
2019	32,500	35,917
2018/Prior	70,773	43,841
Prior		29,468
Total loans	1,498,102	1,498,754
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial. | Pass
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2023	263,913
2022	530,585	736,462
2021	452,955	524,879
2020	87,039	96,401
2019	32,481	35,917
2018/Prior	68,318	43,792
Prior		29,464
Total loans	1,435,291	1,466,915
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial. | Special Review
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	371	377
2021	201	213
Total loans	572	590
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial. | Watch List - Substandard
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2023	218
2022	28,889	161
2021	130	149
2020		143
2019	19
2018/Prior	2,454	49
Total loans	31,710	502
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial. | Watch List - Doubtful
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	29,789	29,789
2020	739	954
2018/Prior	1
Prior		4
Total loans	30,529	30,747
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2023	294,941
2022	795,136	833,401
2021	539,297	584,381
2020	357,035	511,194
2019	229,067	232,633
2018/Prior	347,623	325,214
Prior		81,295
Total loans	2,563,099	2,568,118
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial | Pass
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2023	294,941
2022	723,848	811,117
2021	534,498	584,134
2020	353,714	456,200
2019	228,974	232,537
2018/Prior	336,205	325,214
Prior		81,295
Total loans	2,472,180	2,490,497
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial | Special Review
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	173	2,855
2020	835	842
Total loans	1,008	3,697
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial | Watch List - Pass
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	16,986	17,060
2021	243	247
Total loans	17,229	17,307
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial | Watch List - Substandard
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	54,038	2,275
2021	4,556
2020	2,486	54,152
2019	93	96
2018/Prior	11,212
Total loans	72,385	56,523
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial | Watch List - Doubtful
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	91	94
2018/Prior	206
Total loans	297	94
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: multifamily
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2023	45,117
2022	125,140	127,797
2021	50,142	87,469
2020	58,802	59,035
2019	11,427	12,026
2018/Prior	18,916	5,490
Prior		14,684
Total loans	309,544	306,501
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: multifamily | Pass
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2023	45,117
2022	125,030	127,680
2021	50,142	87,469
2020	58,802	59,035
2019	11,427	12,026
2018/Prior	18,916	5,490
Prior		14,684
Total loans	309,434	306,384
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: multifamily | Watch List - Doubtful
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	110	117
Total loans	110	117
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
Total loans	2,081,138	1,989,669
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2023	341,573
2022	860,150	933,657
2021	530,618	666,754
2020	186,718	173,918
2019	124,675	175,106
2018/Prior	37,404	35,069
Prior		5,165
Total loans	2,081,138	1,989,669
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development | Pass
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2023	341,573
2022	840,168	913,675
2021	530,211	666,347
2020	186,626	173,824
2019	124,467	174,897
2018/Prior	37,404	35,069
Prior		5,165
Total loans	2,060,449	1,968,977
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development | Special Review
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2019	208	209
Total loans	208	209
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development | Watch List - Doubtful
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	19,982	19,982
2021	407	407
2020	92	94
Total loans	20,481	20,483
Real estate - mortgage
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
Total loans	858,909	865,994
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2023	71,028
2022	97,981	138,848
2021	76,754	82,826
2020	45,420	49,591
2019	32,016	40,985
2018/Prior	96,356	33,814
Prior		79,660
Total loans	419,555	425,724
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien | Pass
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2023	71,028
2022	97,907	138,771
2021	76,400	82,466
2020	45,354	49,591
2019	32,016	40,985
2018/Prior	96,356	33,814
Prior		79,660
Total loans	419,061	425,287
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien | Watch List - Substandard
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2021	354	360
2020	66
Total loans	420	360
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien | Watch List - Doubtful
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	74	77
Total loans	74	77
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential Junior Lien
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2023	15,944
2022	91,262	92,256
2021	103,512	109,127
2020	86,758	91,130
2019	39,295	41,273
2018/Prior	102,583	21,975
Prior		84,509
Total loans	439,354	440,270
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential Junior Lien | Pass
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2023	15,944
2022	90,944	92,256
2021	103,512	108,815
2020	86,758	91,130
2019	39,295	41,273
2018/Prior	102,583	21,975
Prior		84,509
Total loans	439,036	439,958
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential Junior Lien | Watch List - Doubtful
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	318
2021		312
Total loans	318	312
Consumer
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
Total loans	43,390	41,592
Consumer | Domestic
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2023	12,176
2022	24,278	31,962
2021	4,412	6,603
2020	542	897
2019	344	489
2018/Prior	1,638	28
Prior		1,613
Total loans	43,390	41,592
Consumer | Domestic | Pass
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2023	12,176
2022	24,278	31,962
2021	4,412	6,603
2020	542	897
2019	344	489
2018/Prior	1,638	28
Prior		1,613
Total loans	43,390	41,592
Foreign.
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
Total loans	177,591	159,975
Foreign. | Foreign
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2023	27,135
2022	119,493	124,265
2021	15,902	19,082
2020	4,996	5,362
2019	4,479	4,848
2018/Prior	5,586	3,417
Prior		3,001
Total loans	177,591	159,975
Foreign. | Foreign | Pass
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2023	27,135
2022	119,493	124,265
2021	15,902	19,082
2020	4,996	5,362
2019	4,479	4,848
2018/Prior	5,586	3,417
Prior		3,001
Total loans	$ 177,591	$ 159,975

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Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights - Options (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended
	Apr. 18, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Apr. 05, 2012
Employee Stock Options
Stock Options, Aggregate intrinsic value
Stock-based compensation expense		$ 102,000	$ 121,000
Employee Stock Options | 2012 Plan
Stock option details
Shares available for future grants				800,000
Maximum exercisable period for granted share-based compensation		10 years
Stock option activity
Options outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)		461,822
Less:
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		3,537
Options forfeited (in shares)		2,938
Options outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)		455,347
Options fully vested and exercisable at the end of the period (in shares)		257,932
Stock Options, Weighted average exercise price
Options outstanding at the beginning, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)		$ 29.67
Less:
Options exercised, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)		24.00
Options forfeited, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)		36.51
Options outstanding at the end, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)		29.67
Options fully vested and exercisable at the end, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)		$ 25.20
Stock Options, Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)
Options outstanding at the end, weighted average remaining contractual term (years)		3 years 9 months 25 days
Options fully vested and exercisable at the end, weighted average remaining contractual term (years)		2 years 21 days
Stock Options, Aggregate intrinsic value
Options outstanding at the end, aggregate intrinsic value		$ 5,987,000
Options fully vested and exercisable at the end, aggregate intrinsic value		4,545,000
Stock-based compensation cost, unrecognized, related to non-vested options		$ 660,000
Stock-based compensation cost, unrecognized, related to non-vested options, weighted-average period of recognition		1 year 7 months 6 days
Stock Appreciation Rights
Stock Options, Aggregate intrinsic value
Stock-based compensation expense			$ 166,000
Stock Appreciation Rights | SAR Plan
Stock option details
Shares available for future grants	750,000
Maximum exercisable period for granted share-based compensation	10 years
Number of rights issued		502,250
Vesting period	8 years
Incentive Stock Options to 10 Percent Shareholders | 2012 Plan
Stock option details
Maximum exercisable period for granted share-based compensation		5 years

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Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights - SARs (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Apr. 18, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
SARs
Outstanding beginning balance		489,250
Forfeited			5,750
Outstanding ending balance			483,500
Weighted average exercise price
Weighted average exercise price, beginning balance (per share)		$ 39.35
Weighted average exercise price, forfeited (per share)			$ 39.33
Weighted average exercise price, ending balance (per share)			$ 39.35
Aggregate intrinsic value
Aggregate intrinsic value			$ 1,680
Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)			9 years 6 months
Stock Appreciation Rights
Aggregate intrinsic value
Fair Value of Liability				$ 712
Stock-based compensation expense			$ 166
Stock Appreciation Rights | SAR Plan
Stock option details
Shares available for future grants	750,000
Maximum exercisable period for granted share-based compensation	10 years
Number of rights issued		502,250
Vesting period	8 years
SARs
Granted		502,250

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Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Held-to-maturity securities
Amortized cost	$ 3,400,000	$ 3,400,000
Estimated fair value	3,400,000	3,400,000
Carrying Value	3,400,000	3,400,000
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost	5,397,131,000	5,018,996,000
Estimated fair value, Available for sale securities	4,859,818,000	4,417,796,000
Total Amortized cost	5,397,131,000	5,018,996,000
Total Gross unrealized gains	6,774,000	4,072,000
Total Gross unrealized losses	544,087,000	605,272,000
Collateral Pledged
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost	1,428,702,000
Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities
Available for sale debt securities and equity securities	4,859,818,000	4,417,796,000
Reported Value Measurement
Available-for-sale securities
Available for sale debt securities and equity securities	4,859,818,000	4,417,796,000
US Treasury Securities
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost	49,967,000	49,752,000
Gross unrealized losses	(42,000)	(359,000)
US Treasury Securities | Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities
Estimated fair value, Available for sale securities	49,925,000	49,393,000
US Treasury Securities | Reported Value Measurement
Available-for-sale securities
Estimated fair value, Available for sale securities	49,925,000	49,393,000
Residential mortgage-backed securities
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost	5,184,217,000	4,805,735,000
Gross unrealized gains	5,289,000	3,145,000
Gross unrealized losses	(542,277,000)	(599,668,000)
Residential mortgage-backed securities | Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities
Estimated fair value, Available for sale securities	4,647,229,000	4,209,212,000
Residential mortgage-backed securities | Reported Value Measurement
Available-for-sale securities
Estimated fair value, Available for sale securities	4,647,229,000	4,209,212,000
US Government Corporations and Agencies Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale securities
Estimated fair value, Available for sale securities	810,907,000	681,121,000
Mortgage-backed Securities, Issued by US Government Sponsored Enterprises [Member]
Available-for-sale securities
Estimated fair value, Available for sale securities	3,836,322,000	3,528,091,000
States and political subdivisions
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost	162,947,000	163,509,000
Gross unrealized gains	1,485,000	927,000
Gross unrealized losses	(1,768,000)	(5,245,000)
States and political subdivisions | Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities
Estimated fair value, Available for sale securities	162,664,000	159,191,000
States and political subdivisions | Reported Value Measurement
Available-for-sale securities
Estimated fair value, Available for sale securities	162,664,000	159,191,000
Other Debt Obligations
Held-to-maturity securities
Amortized cost	3,400,000	3,400,000
Estimated fair value	3,400,000	3,400,000
Carrying Value	$ 3,400,000	$ 3,400,000

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Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments (Contractual Maturities and Estimated Fair Values) (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Amortized Cost
Due in one year or less, held-to-maturity debt securities amortized cost	$ 1,075,000
Due after one year through five years, held-to-maturity debt securities amortized cost	2,325,000
Amortized cost, held-to-maturity debt securities	3,400,000		$ 3,400,000
Fair Value
Due in one year or less, held-to-maturity debt securities, Estimated fair value	1,075,000
Due after one year through five years, held-to-maturity debt securities, Estimated fair value	2,325,000
Estimated fair value	3,400,000		3,400,000
Available-for-sale debt securities amortized cost disclosures
Due in one year or less, available-for-sale debt securities amortized cost	49,967,000
Due after five years through ten years, available-for-sale debt securities amortized cost	440,000
Due after ten years, available-for-sale debt securities amortized cost	162,507,000
Residential mortgage-backed securities, amortized cost	5,184,217,000
Amortized cost, Available for sale securities	5,397,131,000		$ 5,018,996,000
Available for sale debt securities, Estimated Fair Value Disclosures
Due in one year or less, available-for-sale debt securities, Estimated Fair Value	49,925,000
Due after five years through ten years, available-for-sale debt securities, Estimated Fair Value	440,000
Due after ten years, available-for-sale debt securities, Estimated Fair Value	162,224,000
Residential mortgage-backed securities, Estimated Fair Value	4,647,229,000
Available for sale debt securities, Estimated Fair Value Disclosures
Proceeds from sales and calls of available for sale securities	450,000	$ 0
Proceeds from sales of mortgage-backed securities	0	0
Gross gains realized on sales	0	0
Gross losses realized on sales	0	$ 0
Collateral Pledged
Available for sale debt securities, Estimated Fair Value Disclosures
Fair value of available for sale investment securities pledged	$ 1,249,080,000

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Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments (Unrealized Losses) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Available for sale:
Fair value, less than 12 months	$ 1,593,958	$ 1,526,071
Unrealized losses, less than 12 Months	(45,986)	(93,419)
Fair value, 12 months or more	2,969,348	2,566,975
Unrealized losses, 12 Months or More	(498,101)	(511,853)
Fair value, Total	4,563,306	4,093,046
Unrealized losses, Total	(544,087)	(605,272)
US Treasury Securities
Available for sale:
Fair value, less than 12 months	49,925	49,394
Unrealized losses, less than 12 Months	(42)	(359)
Fair value, Total	49,925	49,394
Unrealized losses, Total	(42)	(359)
Residential mortgage-backed securities
Available for sale:
Fair value, less than 12 months	1,438,275	1,357,905
Unrealized losses, less than 12 Months	(44,176)	(87,815)
Fair value, 12 months or more	2,969,348	2,566,975
Unrealized losses, 12 Months or More	(498,101)	(511,853)
Fair value, Total	4,407,623	3,924,880
Unrealized losses, Total	(542,277)	(599,668)
States and political subdivisions
Available for sale:
Fair value, less than 12 months	105,758	118,772
Unrealized losses, less than 12 Months	(1,768)	(5,245)
Fair value, Total	105,758	118,772
Unrealized losses, Total	$ (1,768)	$ (5,245)

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Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments (Unrealized and realized gains and losses recognized in net income on equity securities ) (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments
Equity Securities	$ 5,392,000		$ 5,358,000
Summary of unrealized and realized gains and losses recognized in net income on equity securities
Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities	34,000	$ (269,000)
Unrealized gain on equity securities with readily determinable fair values	$ 34,000	$ (269,000)

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Investment Securities (Other Investments) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Other investments
LIHTC
Investments	$ 214,549
Other liabilities
LIHTC
Unfunded commitments	$ 37,357	$ 41,191

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Other Borrowed Funds (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Federal Home Loan Bank advances
Other borrowed funds	$ 10,895,000	$ 10,944,000

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Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures
Number of statutory business trusts issuing trust preferred securities | item	5
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures | $	$ 134,642,000	$ 134,642,000
Maximum number of consecutive quarterly period available for deferral of interest payment on Trusts VIII, IX, X, XI and XII | item	20
Percentage of capital securities issued by trust qualifying as Tier I capital, maximum	25.00%
Percentage of capital securities issued by trust qualifying as Tier II capital, minimum	25.00%
Capital securities issued by the trust, qualifying as Tier I capital | $	$ 134,642,000	$ 134,642,000

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Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures (Key Information) (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Junior subordinated interest deferrable debentures, major types of business trusts
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	$ 134,642,000	$ 134,642,000
Trust VIII
Junior subordinated interest deferrable debentures, major types of business trusts
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	$ 25,774,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	7.88%
Interest rate index	LIBOR
Spread on interest rate index (as a percent)	3.05%
Trust IX
Junior subordinated interest deferrable debentures, major types of business trusts
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	$ 41,238,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	6.37%
Interest rate index	LIBOR
Spread on interest rate index (as a percent)	1.62%
Trust X
Junior subordinated interest deferrable debentures, major types of business trusts
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	$ 21,021,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	6.46%
Interest rate index	LIBOR
Spread on interest rate index (as a percent)	1.65%
Trust XI
Junior subordinated interest deferrable debentures, major types of business trusts
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	$ 25,990,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	6.37%
Interest rate index	LIBOR
Spread on interest rate index (as a percent)	1.62%
Trust XII
Junior subordinated interest deferrable debentures, major types of business trusts
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	$ 20,619,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	6.41%
Interest rate index	LIBOR
Spread on interest rate index (as a percent)	1.45%

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Common Stock and Dividends (Details) - USD ($)					1 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023	Oct. 31, 2022	Feb. 28, 2022	Feb. 23, 2022	Apr. 30, 2009	Feb. 21, 2023
Common Stock and Dividends
Cash dividends paid to common shareholders (in dollars per share)	$ 0.63		$ 0.60
Repurchase of common stock, authorized amount					$ 40,000,000	$ 124,000,000
Period of repurchase of common stock				12 months	12 months
Cumulative number of shares repurchased under all stock repurchase programs		13,615,730
Cumulative cost of shares repurchased under all stock repurchase programs		$ 411,099,000

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Capital Requirements (Capital Amounts and Ratios) (Details)	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Capital Requirements
CET 1 ratio	0.2043	0.2021
Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets), Actual Ratio (as a percent)	0.2260	0.2222
Tier 1 capital (to Risk Weighted Assets), Actual Ratio (as a percent)	0.2137	0.2104
Tier 1 capital (to Average Assets), Actual Ratio (as a percent)	0.1561	0.1459