10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from              to           

Commission file number 000-09439

INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Texas	74-2157138
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)

1200 San Bernardo Avenue, Laredo, Texas 78042-1359

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(956) 722-7611

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

None

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class:	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock, $1.00 par value	IBOC	NASDAQ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company, in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ⌧	Accelerated filer ◻
Non-accelerated filer ◻	Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ⌧

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date

Class	Shares Issued and Outstanding
Common Stock, $1.00 par value	63,172,175 shares outstanding at May 2, 2022

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Condition (Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands)

	March 31,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,448,199	$	3,209,242
Investment securities:
Held to maturity debt securities (Market value of $3,400 on March 31, 2022 and $3,400 on December 31, 2021)		3,400		3,400
Available for sale debt securities (Amortized cost of $4,404,302 on March 31, 2022 and $4,254,960 on December 31, 2021)		4,141,997		4,213,920
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values		5,810		6,079
Total investment securities		4,151,207		4,223,399
Loans		7,048,277		7,209,151
Less allowance for credit losses		(110,227)		(110,374)
Net loans		6,938,050		7,098,777
Bank premises and equipment, net		438,147		447,082
Accrued interest receivable		27,555		30,593
Other investments		353,185		296,882
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies		298,863		297,218
Goodwill		282,532		282,532
Other assets		198,951		160,511
Total assets	$	16,136,689	$	16,046,236

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INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Condition, continued (Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands)

	March 31,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Demand—non-interest bearing	$	6,037,206	$	5,838,526
Savings and interest bearing demand		4,561,651		4,590,548
Time		2,196,479		2,188,803
Total deposits		12,795,336		12,617,877
Securities sold under repurchase agreements		490,091		439,672
Other borrowed funds		436,090		436,138
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures		134,642		134,642
Other liabilities		132,851		109,426
Total liabilities		13,989,010		13,737,755
Shareholders’ equity:
Common shares of $1.00 par value. Authorized 275,000,000 shares; issued 96,357,314 shares on March 31, 2022 and 96,350,977 shares on December 31, 2021		96,357		96,351
Surplus		152,405		152,144
Retained earnings		2,486,177		2,470,710
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(205,136)		(31,980)
		2,529,803		2,687,225
Less cost of shares in treasury, 33,062,339 shares on March 31, 2022 and 32,979,273 on December 31, 2021		(382,124)		(378,744)
Total shareholders’ equity		2,147,679		2,308,481
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	16,136,689	$	16,046,236

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

2

INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Interest income:
Loans, including fees	$	81,488	$	92,114
Investment securities:
Taxable		13,190		4,875
Tax-exempt		350		395
Other interest income		1,404		490
Total interest income		96,432		97,874
Interest expense:
Savings deposits		1,101		929
Time deposits		2,504		3,198
Securities sold under repurchase agreements		184		141
Other borrowings		1,888		1,889
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures		709		708
Total interest expense		6,386		6,865
Net interest income		90,046		91,009
Provision for credit losses		1,481		1,192
Net interest income after provision for credit losses		88,565		89,817
Non-interest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts		17,257		14,903
Other service charges, commissions and fees
Banking		12,516		12,183
Non-banking		1,765		1,440
Investment securities transactions, net		—		(4)
Other investments, net		2,882		4,085
Other income		9,092		3,630
Total non-interest income	$	43,512	$	36,237

3

INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Income, continued (Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Non-interest expense:
Employee compensation and benefits	$	31,119	$	30,162
Occupancy		6,272		5,617
Depreciation of bank premises and equipment		5,475		6,799
Professional fees		2,318		2,836
Deposit insurance assessments		1,057		887
Net operations, other real estate owned		(408)		1,245
Advertising		1,440		1,423
Software and software maintenance		4,177		4,440
Other		12,668		8,776
Total non-interest expense		64,118		62,185
Income before income taxes		67,959		63,869
Provision for income taxes		14,466		13,098
Net income	$	53,493	$	50,771
Basic earnings per common share:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding		63,352,240		63,307,455
Net income	$	0.84	$	0.80
Fully diluted earnings per common share:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding		63,498,268		63,419,706
Net income	$	0.84	$	0.80

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

4

INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Net income	$	53,493	$	50,771
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Net unrealized holding losses on securities available for sale arising during period (net of tax effects of $(46,029), and $(801))		(173,156)		(3,015)
Reclassification adjustment for losses on securities available for sale included in net income (net of tax effects of $0 and $1)		—		3
		(173,156)		(3,012)
Comprehensive (loss) income	$	(119,663)	$	47,759

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

5

INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

Three Months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021

(in Thousands, except per share amounts)

	Number							Other
	of	Common				Retained		Comprehensive		Treasury
	Shares	Stock		Surplus		Earnings		Income (Loss)		Stock		Total
Balance at December 31, 2021	96,351	$	96,351	$	152,144	$	2,470,710	$	(31,980)	$	(378,744)	$	2,308,481
Net income	—		—		—		53,493		—		—		53,493
Dividends:
Payable ($.60 per share)	—		—		—		(38,026)		—		—		(38,026)
Purchase of treasury stock (83,066 shares)	—		—		—		—		—		(3,380)		(3,380)
Exercise of stock options	6		6		140		—		—		—		146
Stock compensation expense recognized in earnings	—		—		121		—		—		—		121
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Net change in unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities, net of reclassification adjustments	—		—		—		—		(173,156)		—		(173,156)
Balance at March 31, 2022	96,357	$	96,357	$	152,405	$	2,486,177	$	(205,136)	$	(382,124)	$	2,147,679

		Number							Other
		of	Common				Retained		Comprehensive		Treasury
		Shares	Stock		Surplus		Earnings		Income (Loss)		Stock		Total
Balance at December 31, 2020		96,241	$	96,241	$	149,334	$	2,289,626	$	20,825	$	(378,028)	$	2,177,998
Net income		—		—		—		50,771		—		—		50,771
Dividends:
Payable ($.55 per share)		—		—		—		(34,813)		—		—		(34,813)
Purchase of treasury (999 shares)	—	—		—	—	—	—	—	—	—		(48)		(48)
Exercise of stock options		71		71		1,479		—		—		—		1,550
Stock compensation expense recognized in earnings		—		—		159		—		—		—		159
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Net change in unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities, net of reclassification adjustments		—		—		—		—		(3,012)		—		(3,012)
Balance at March 31, 2021		96,312	$	96,312	$	150,972	$	2,305,584	$	17,813	$	(378,076)	$	2,192,605

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

6

INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Operating activities:
Net income	$	53,493	$	50,771
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit loss		1,481		1,192
Specific reserve, other real estate owned		—		150
Depreciation of bank premises and equipment		5,475		6,799
Gain on sale of bank premises and equipment		(2,991)		(34)
Gain on sale of other real estate owned		(777)		(219)
Accretion of investment securities discounts		(235)		(138)
Amortization of investment securities premiums		5,262		11,576
Investment securities transactions, net		—		4
Unrealized loss on equity securities with readily determinable fair values		269		77
Proceeds from settlements of claims		—		2,870
Stock based compensation expense		121		159
Earnings from affiliates and other investments		(2,474)		(2,448)
Deferred income taxes		80		(64)
Decrease in accrued interest receivable		3,038		6,091
(Increase) decrease in other assets		(4,455)		9,931
Increase in other liabilities		20,810		8,788
Net cash provided by operating activities		79,097		95,505
Investing activities:
Proceeds from maturities of securities		1,075		1,200
Proceeds from sales and calls of available for sale securities		—		2,510
Purchases of available for sale securities		(362,746)		(517,004)
Principal collected on mortgage backed securities		207,302		568,011
Net decrease in loans		159,246		60,966
Purchases of other investments		(42,043)		(34,086)
Distributions from other investments		1,583		2,201
Purchases of bank premises and equipment		(2,486)		(1,614)
Proceeds from sales of bank premises and equipment		6,461		34
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned		4,898		1,544
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	$	(26,710)	$	83,762

7

INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, continued (Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Financing activities:
Net increase in non-interest bearing demand deposits	$	198,680	$	506,083
Net (decrease) increase in savings and interest bearing demand deposits		(28,897)		262,432
Net increase (decrease) in time deposits		7,676		(9,395)
Net increase in securities sold under repurchase agreements		50,419		11,185
Net decrease in other borrowed funds		(48)		(47)
Purchase of treasury stock		(3,380)		(48)
Proceeds from stock transactions		146		1,550
Payments of cash dividends		(38,026)		(34,813)
Net cash provided by financing activities		186,570		736,947
Increase in cash and cash equivalents		238,957		916,214
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		3,209,242		1,997,238
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	3,448,199	$	2,913,452
Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	6,297	$	7,984
Income taxes paid		—		—
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of available-for-sale securities not yet settled	$	—	$	100,933
Net transfers from loans to other real estate owned		—		16,587
Net transfers from bank premises and equipment to other assets		2,476		—

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

8

INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

As used in this report, the words “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to International Bancshares Corporation, a Texas corporation, its five wholly-owned subsidiary banks, and other subsidiaries. The information that follows may contain forward-looking statements, which are qualified as indicated under “Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in Item 2 (Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations) of this report. Our website address is www.ibc.com.

Note 1 — Basis of Presentation

Our accounting and reporting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and to general practices within the banking industry. Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of International Bancshares Corporation, and our wholly-owned bank subsidiaries, International Bank of Commerce, Laredo (“IBC”), Commerce Bank, International Bank of Commerce, Zapata, International Bank of Commerce, Brownsville, International Bank of Commerce, Oklahoma (the “Subsidiary Banks”) and our wholly-owned non-bank subsidiaries, IBC Trading Company, Premier Tierra Holdings, Inc., IBC Charitable and Community Development Corporation, Emerald Galveston Holdings, LLC, IBC Capital Corporation, and Diamond Beach Holdings, LLC. Our consolidated financial statements are unaudited, but include all adjustments, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the periods presented. All such adjustments were of a normal and recurring nature. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto in our latest Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our consolidated statement of condition at December 31, 2021 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) for complete financial statements. Certain reclassifications have been made to make prior periods comparable. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2022 or any future period.

We operate as one segment. The operating information used by our chief executive officer for purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions is the consolidated statements presented in this report. We have five active operating subsidiaries, the Subsidiary Banks. We apply the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), FASB ASC 280, “Segment Reporting,” in determining our reportable segments and related disclosures.

We have evaluated all events or transactions that occurred through the date we issued these financial statements. During this period, we did not have any material recognizable or non-recognizable subsequent events.

Note 2 — Fair Value Measurements

ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 applies to all financial instruments that are being measured and reported on a fair value basis. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date; it also establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in valuation methodologies into the following three levels:

● Level 1 Inputs - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

● Level 2 Inputs - Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

9

● Level 3 Inputs - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or other valuation techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

A description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy is set forth below.

The following table represents assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated balance sheets at their fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2022 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at
			Reporting Date Using
			(in Thousands)
			Quoted
			Prices in
			Active		Significant
	Assets/Liabilities		Markets for		Other		Significant
	Measured at		Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Fair Value		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	March 31, 2022		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Measured on a recurring basis:
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,099	$	—	$	49,099	$	—
Residential mortgage-backed securities		4,050,353		—		4,050,353		—
States and political subdivisions		42,545		—		42,545		—
Equity Securities		5,810		5,810		—		—
	$	4,147,807	$	5,810	$	4,141,997	$	—

The following table represents assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated balance sheets at their fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2021 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at
			Reporting Date Using
			(in Thousands)
			Quoted
			Prices in
			Active		Significant
	Assets/Liabilities		Markets for		Other		Significant
	Measured at		Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Fair Value		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	December 31, 2021		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Measured on a recurring basis:
Assets:
Available for sale securities
Residential mortgage - backed securities	$	4,169,363	$	—	$	4,169,363	$	—
States and political subdivisions		44,557		—		44,557		—
Equity Securities		6,079		6,079		—		—
	$	4,219,999	$	6,079	$	4,213,920	$	—

Available-for-sale debt securities are classified within Level 1 or 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are classified within Level 1. For debt investments classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, we obtain fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things.

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Certain financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment).

The following table represents financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of and for the period ended March 31, 2022 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting
			Date Using
			(in thousands)
			Quoted
	Assets/Liabilities		Prices in
	Measured at		Active		Significant
	Fair Value		Markets for		Other		Significant		Net Provision
	Period ended		Identical		Observable		Unobservable		(Credit)
	March 31,		Assets		Inputs		Inputs		During
	2022		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Period
Measured on a non-recurring basis:
Assets:
Watch-List doubtful loans	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Other real estate owned	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

The following table represents financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of and for the period ended December 31, 2021 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting
			Date Using
			(in thousands)
			Quoted
	Assets/Liabilities		Prices in
	Measured at		Active		Significant
	Fair Value		Markets		Other		Significant		Net (Credit)
	Year ended		for Identical		Observable		Unobservable		Provision
	December 31,		Assets		Inputs		Inputs		During
	2021		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Period
Measured on a non-recurring basis:
Assets:
Watch-List doubtful loans	$	55	$	—	$	—	$	55	$	209
Other real estate owned		18,095		—		—		18,095		2,655

Our assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are limited to loans classified as Watch List – Doubtful and other real estate owned. The fair value of Watch List-Doubtful loans is derived in accordance with FASB ASC 310, “Receivables”. They are primarily comprised of collateral-dependent commercial loans. As the primary sources of loan repayments decline, the secondary repayment source, the collateral, takes on greater significance. Correctly evaluating the fair value becomes even more important. Re-measurement of the loan to fair value is done through a specific valuation allowance included in the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”). The fair value of the loan is based on the fair value of the collateral, as determined through either an appraisal or evaluation process. The basis for our appraisal and appraisal review process is based on regulatory guidelines and strives to comply with all regulatory appraisal laws, regulations, and the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice. All appraisals and evaluations are “as is” (the property’s highest and best use) valuations based on the current conditions of the property/project at that point in time. The determination of the fair value of the collateral is based on the net realizable value, which is the appraised value less any closing costs, when applicable. As of March 31, 2022, we had $859,000 of doubtful commercial collateral dependent loans, of which $0 had an appraisal performed within the immediately preceding twelve months, and of which $859,000 had an evaluation performed within the immediately preceding twelve months. As of December 31, 2021, we had approximately $993,000 of doubtful commercial collateral dependent loans, of which $0 had an appraisal performed within the immediately preceding twelve months and of which $896,000 had an evaluation performed within the immediately preceding twelve months.

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Our determination to either seek an appraisal or to perform an evaluation begins in weekly credit quality meetings, where the committee analyzes the existing collateral values of the doubtful loans and where obsolete appraisals are identified. In order to determine whether we would obtain a new appraisal or perform an internal evaluation to determine the fair value of the collateral, the credit committee reviews the existing appraisal to determine if the collateral value is reasonable in view of the current use of the collateral and the economic environment related to the collateral. If the analysis of the existing appraisal does not find that the collateral value is reasonable under the current circumstances, we would obtain a new appraisal on the collateral or perform an internal evaluation of the collateral. The ultimate decision to get a new appraisal rests with the independent credit administration group. A new appraisal is not required if an internal evaluation, as performed by in-house experts, is able to appropriately update the original appraisal assumptions to reflect current market conditions and provide an estimate of the collateral’s market value for analysis of the doubtful loan. The internal evaluations must be in writing and contain sufficient information detailing the analysis, assumptions and conclusions, and they must support performing an evaluation in lieu of ordering a new appraisal.

Other real estate owned is comprised of real estate acquired by foreclosure and deeds in lieu of foreclosure. Other real estate owned is carried at the lower of the recorded investment in the property or its fair value less estimated costs to sell such property (as determined by independent appraisal) within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Prior to foreclosure, the value of the underlying loan is written down to the fair value of the real estate to be acquired by a charge to the ACL, if necessary. The fair value is reviewed periodically and subsequent write-downs are made, accordingly, through a charge to operations. Other real estate owned is included in other assets on the consolidated financial statements. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, we recorded $0 and $2,000, respectively, in charges to the ACL in connection with loans transferred to other real estate owned. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, we recorded $0 and $2,655,000, respectively, in adjustments to fair value in connection with other real estate owned.

The fair value estimates, methods, and assumptions for our financial instruments at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are outlined below.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For these short-term instruments, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Time Deposits with Banks

The carrying amounts of time deposits with banks approximate fair value.

Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity

The carrying amounts of investments held-to-maturity approximate fair value.

Investment Securities

For investment securities, which include U.S. Treasury securities, obligations of other U.S. government agencies, obligations of states and political subdivisions and mortgage pass-through and related securities, fair values are from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things. See disclosures of fair value of investment securities in Note 6.

Loans

Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type, such as commercial, real estate and consumer loans, as outlined by regulatory reporting guidelines. Each category is segmented into fixed and variable interest rate terms and by performing and non-performing categories.

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For variable rate performing loans, the carrying amount approximates the fair value. For fixed-rate performing loans, except residential mortgage loans, the fair value is calculated by discounting scheduled cash flows through the estimated maturity using estimated market discount rates that reflect the credit and interest rate risk inherent in the loan. For performing residential mortgage loans, fair value is estimated by discounting contractual cash flows adjusted for prepayment estimates using discount rates based on secondary market sources or the primary origination market. Fixed-rate performing loans are within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the carrying amount of fixed rate performing loans was $1,241,754,000 and $1,363,313,000, respectively, and the estimated fair value was $1,195,609,000 and $1,323,223,000, respectively.

Accrued Interest

The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate fair value.

Deposits

The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as non-interest bearing demand deposit accounts, savings accounts and interest bearing demand deposit accounts, was equal to the amount payable on demand as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The fair value of time deposits is based on the discounted value of contractual cashflows. The discount rate is based on currently offered rates. Time deposits are within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the carrying amount of time deposits was $2,196,479,000 and $2,188,803,000, respectively, and the estimated fair value was $2,194,923,000 and $2,186,547,000, respectively.

Securities Sold Under Repurchase Agreements

Securities sold under repurchase agreements are short-term maturities. Due to the contractual terms of the instruments, the carrying amounts approximated fair value at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures

We currently have floating-rate junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures outstanding. Due to the contractual terms of the floating-rate junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures, the carrying amounts approximated fair value at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Other Borrowed Funds

We currently have long-term borrowings issued from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”). The long-term borrowings outstanding at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are fixed-rate borrowings and the fair value is based on established market spreads for similar types of borrowings. The fixed rate long-term borrowings are included in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the carrying amount of the fixed rate long-term FHLB borrowings was $436,090,000 and $436,138,000, respectively, and the estimated fair value was $445,162,000 and $455,187,000, respectively.

Commitments to Extend Credit and Letters of Credit

Commitments to extend credit and fund letters of credit are principally at current interest rates, and, therefore, the carrying amount approximates fair value.

Limitations

Fair value estimates are made at a point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time our entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of our financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current

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economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-statement of condition financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Other significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial assets or liabilities include the bank premises and equipment and core deposit value. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the effect of fair value estimates have not been considered in the above estimates.

Note 3 — Loans

A summary of loans, by loan type at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is as follows:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2022		2021
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	4,278,715	$	4,497,444
Real estate - mortgage		840,373		867,831
Real estate - construction		1,742,698		1,668,113
Consumer		41,019		40,966
Foreign		145,472		134,797
Total loans	$	7,048,277	$	7,209,151

Note 4 — Allowance for Credit Losses

The estimation of the ACL is based on a loss-rate methodology that measures lifetime losses on loan pools that have similar risk characteristics. Loans that do not have similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. The segmentation of the loan portfolio into pools requires a balancing process between capturing similar risk characteristics and containing sufficient loss history to provide meaningful results. Our segmentation starts at the general loan category with further sub-segmentation based on collateral types that may be of meaningful size and/or may contain sufficient differences in risk characteristics based on management’s judgement that would warrant further segmentation. The general loan categories along with primary risk characteristics used in our calculation are as follows:

Commercial and industrial loans. This category includes loans extended to a diverse array of businesses for working capital or equipment purchases. These loans are mostly secured by the collateral pledged by the borrower that is directly related to the business activities of the company such as equipment, accounts receivable and inventory. The borrower’s abilities to generate revenues from equipment purchases, collect accounts receivable, and to turn inventory into sales are risk factors in the repayment of the loan. A small portion of this loan category is related to loans secured by oil & gas production and loans secured by aircraft.

Construction and land development loans. This category includes the development of land from unimproved land to lot development for both residential and commercial use and vertical construction across residential and commercial real estate classes. These loans carry risk of repayment when projects incur cost overruns, have an increase in the price of construction materials, encounter zoning, entitlement and environmental issues, or encounter other factors that may affect the completion of a project on time and on budget. Additionally, repayment risk may be negatively impacted when the market experiences a deterioration in the value of real estate. Risks specifically related to 1-4 family development loans also include mortgage rate risk and the practice by the mortgage industry of more restrictive underwriting standards, which inhibits the buyer from obtaining long term financing creating excessive housing and lot inventory in the market.

Commercial real estate loans. This category includes loans secured by farmland, multifamily properties, owner occupied commercial properties, and non-owner occupied commercial properties. Owner occupied commercial

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properties include warehouses often along the border for import/export operations, office space where the borrower is the primary tenant, restaurants and other single-tenant retail. Non-owner occupied commercial properties include hotels, retail centers, office and professional buildings, and leased warehouses. These loans carry risk of repayment when market values deteriorate, the business experiences turnover in key management, the business has an inability to attract or keep occupancy levels stable, or when the market experiences an exit of a specific business type that is significant to the local economy, such as a manufacturing plant.

1-4 family mortgages. This category includes both first and second lien mortgages for the purpose of home purchases or refinancing of existing mortgage loans. A small portion of this loan category is related to home equity lines of credits, lots purchases, and home construction. Loan repayments may be affected by unemployment or underemployment and deteriorating market values of real estate.

Consumer loans. This category includes deposit secured, vehicle secured, and unsecured loans, including overdrafts, made to individuals. Repayment is primarily affected by unemployment or underemployment.

The loan pools are further broken down using a risk-based segmentation based on internal classifications for commercial loans and past due status for consumer mortgage loans. Non-mortgage consumer loans are evaluated as one segment. On a weekly basis, commercial loan past due reports are reviewed by the credit quality committee to determine if a loan has any potential problems and if a loan should be placed on our internal Watch List report. Additionally, our credit department reviews the majority of our loans for proper internal classification purposes regardless of whether they are past due and segregates any loans with potential problems for further review. The credit department will discuss the potential problem loans with the servicing loan officers to determine any relevant issues that were not discovered in the evaluation. Also, an analysis of loans that is provided through examinations by regulatory authorities is considered in the review process. After the above analysis is completed, we will determine if a loan should be placed on an internal Watch List report because of issues related to the analysis of the credit, credit documents, collateral and/or payment history.

Our internal Watch List report is segregated into the following categories: (i) Pass, (ii) Economic Monitoring, (iii) Special Review, (iv) Watch List—Pass, (v) Watch List—Substandard, and (vi) Watch List—Doubtful. The loans placed in the Special Review category and lower rated credits reflect our opinion that the loans reflect potential weakness which require monitoring on a more frequent basis. Credits in those categories are reviewed and discussed on a regular basis, no less frequently than quarterly, with the credit department and the lending staff to determine if a change in category is warranted. The loans placed in the Watch List—Pass category and lower rated credits reflect our opinion that the credit contains weaknesses which represent a greater degree of risk, which warrant “extra attention.” Credits in this category are reviewed and discussed on a regular basis with the credit department and the lending staff to determine if a change in category is warranted. The loans placed in the Watch List—Substandard category are considered to be potentially inadequately protected by the current sound worth and debt service capacity of the borrower or of any pledged collateral. These credit obligations, even if apparently protected by collateral value, have shown defined weaknesses related to adverse financial, managerial, economic, market or political conditions which may jeopardize repayment of principal and interest. Furthermore, there is the possibility that we may sustain some future loss if such weaknesses are not corrected. The loans placed in the Watch List—Doubtful category have shown defined weaknesses and it is likely, based on current information and events, that we will be unable to collect all principal and/or interest amounts contractually due. Watch List—Doubtful loans are placed on non-accrual when they are moved to that category.

For the purposes of the ACL, in order to maintain segments with sufficient history for meaningful results, the credits in the Pass and Economic Monitoring categories are aggregated, the credits in the Special Review and Watch List—Pass credits are aggregated, and the credits in the Watch List—Substandard category remain in their own segment. For loans that are classified as Watch List—Doubtful, management evaluates these credits in accordance with ASC 310-10, “Receivables,” and, if deemed necessary, a specific reserve is allocated to the loan. The specific reserve allocated under ASC 310-10, is based on (i) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; (ii) the loan’s observable market price; or (iii) net realizable value of the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Substantially all of our loans evaluated as Watch List—Doubtful under ASC 310-10 are measured using the fair value of collateral method. In rare cases, we may use other methods to determine the specific reserve of a loan under ASC 310-10 if such loan is not collateral dependent.

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Within each collectively evaluated pool, the robustness of the lifetime historical loss-rate is evaluated and, if needed, is supplemented with peer loss rates through a model risk adjustment. Certain qualitative loss factors are then evaluated to incorporate management’s two-year reasonable and supportable forecast period followed by a reversion to the pool’s average lifetime loss-rate. Those qualitative loss factors are: (i) trends in portfolio volume and composition, (ii) volume and trends in classified loans, delinquencies, non-accruals and TDR’s, (iii) concentration risk, (iv) trends in underlying collateral value, (v) changes in policies, procedures, and strategies, and (vi) economic conditions. Qualitative factors also include potential losses stemming from operational risk factors arising from fraud, natural disasters, pandemics and geopolitical events. Should any of the factors considered by management in evaluating the adequacy of the ACL change, our estimate could also change, which could affect the level of future credit loss expense.

We have elected to not measure an ACL for accrued interest receivable given our timely approach in identifying and writing off uncollectible accrued interest. An ACL for off-balance sheet exposure is derived from a projected usage rate of any unfunded commitment multiplied by the historical loss rate, plus model risk adjustment, if any, of the on-balance sheet loan pools.

Our management continually reviews the ACL of the Subsidiary Banks using the amounts determined from the estimates established on specific doubtful loans, the estimate established on quantitative historical loss percentages, and the estimate based on qualitative current conditions and reasonable and supportable two-year forecasted data. Our methodology reverts to the average lifetime loss-rate beyond the forecast period when we can no longer develop reasonable and supportable forecasts. Should any of the factors considered by management in evaluating the adequacy of the estimate for current expected credit losses change, our estimate of current expected credit losses could also change, which could affect the level of future credit loss expense. While the calculation of our ACL utilizes management’s best judgment and all information reasonably available, the adequacy of the ACL is dependent on a variety of factors beyond our control, including, among other things, the performance of the entire loan portfolio, the economy, government actions, changes in interest rates and the view of regulatory authorities towards loan classifications.

A summary of the transactions in the allowance for credit loan losses by loan class is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Domestic														Foreign
			Commercial
			Real Estate:
			Other		Commercial
			Construction &		Real Estate:		Commercial
			Land		Farmland &		Real Estate:		Residential:		Residential:
	Commercial		Development		Commercial		Multifamily		First Lien		Junior Lien		Consumer		Foreign		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	23,178	$	35,390	$	35,654	$	3,291	$	4,073	$	7,754	$	272	$	762	$	110,374
Losses charged to allowance		(2,112)		(2)		—		—		(99)		(28)		(88)		—		(2,329)
Recoveries credited to allowance		602		2		8		—		30		48		11		—		701
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance		(1,510)		—		8		—		(69)		20		(77)		—		(1,628)
Credit loss expense		2,233		982		(808)		(229)		12		(728)		69		(50)		1,481
Balance at March 31, 2022	$	23,901	$	36,372	$	34,854	$	3,062	$	4,016	$	7,046	$	264	$	712	$	110,227

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	Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
	Domestic														Foreign
			Commercial
			Real Estate:
			Other		Commercial
			Construction &		Real Estate:		Commercial
			Land		Farmland &		Real Estate:		Residential:		Residential:
	Commercial		Development		Commercial		Multifamily		First Lien		Junior Lien		Consumer		Foreign		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	21,908	$	37,612	$	30,000	$	5,051	$	3,874	$	9,570	$	291	$	753	$	109,059
Losses charged to allowance		(1,893)		—		(356)		—		(72)		—		(32)		—		(2,353)
Recoveries credited to allowance		458		—		12		—		11		21		8		—		510
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance		(1,435)		—		(344)		—		(61)		21		(24)		—		(1,843)
Credit loss expense		1,690		(3,206)		2,547		884		104		(855)		12		16		1,192
Balance at March 31, 2021	$	22,163	$	34,406	$	32,203	$	5,935	$	3,917	$	8,736	$	279	$	769	$	108,408

The pool specific qualitative loss factors management deemed appropriate for the ACL calculation at December 31, 2021 remained constant in the March 31, 2022 ACL calculation.

The table below provides additional information on the balance of loans individually or collectively evaluated for impairment and their related allowance, by loan class as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	March 31, 2022
	Loans Individually				Loans Collectively
	Evaluated For				Evaluated For
	Impairment				Impairment
	Recorded				Recorded
	Investment		Allowance		Investment		Allowance
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	263	$	29	$	1,461,358	$	23,872
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		567		70		1,742,131		36,302
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		554		—		2,560,990		34,854
Commercial real estate: multifamily		123		—		255,427		3,062
Residential: first lien		207		—		398,642		4,016
Residential: junior lien		—		—		441,524		7,046
Consumer		—		—		41,019		264
Foreign		—		—		145,472		712
Total	$	1,714	$	99	$	7,046,563	$	110,128

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	December 31, 2021
	Loans Individually				Loans Collectively
	Evaluated For				Evaluated For
	Impairment				Impairment
	Recorded				Recorded
	Investment		Allowance		Investment		Allowance
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	298	$	29	$	1,501,554	$	23,149
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		589		70		1,667,524		35,320
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		562		—		2,710,494		35,654
Commercial real estate: multifamily		131		—		284,405		3,291
Residential: first lien		87		—		403,571		4,073
Residential: junior lien		—		—		464,173		7,754
Consumer		—		—		40,966		272
Foreign		—		—		134,797		762
Total	$	1,667	$	99	$	7,207,484	$	110,275

The table below provides additional information on loans accounted for on a non-accrual basis by loan class at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	263	$	298
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		567		589
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		554		562
Commercial real estate: multifamily		123		131
Residential: first lien		423		341
Total non-accrual loans	$	1,930	$	1,921

The following table details loans accounted for as “troubled debt restructuring,” segregated by loan class. Loans accounted for as troubled debt restructuring are included in Watch List—Doubtful loans.

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
		(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Residential: first lien	$	1,815	$	2,254
Residential: junior lien		104		105
Consumer		831		878
Foreign		61		16
Total troubled debt restructuring	$	2,811	$	3,253

We have worked with our customers affected by the prolonged economic crisis arising from COVID-19. We have offered and are prepared to continue to offer assistance in accordance with current regulatory guidance. That includes continuously reaching out to our customers and, in some cases, offering deferral plans. As of May 2, 2022, we had approximately $114,705,000 in loans with some degree of payment deferrals in our system. In accordance with interagency regulatory guidance, these short-term deferrals are not considered troubled debt restructurings. The $114,705,000 is comprised primarily of loans related to industries that have been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, including the hospitality sector and special use facilities.

With the passage of the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), administered by the Small Business Association (“SBA”), we assisted our customers with applications for loans through the PPP. PPP loans earn interest at 1% and PPP loans made prior to June 5, 2020 have a two-year term, while those made after June 5, 2020 have a five-year term;

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however, PPP loans also include forgiveness provisions that we expect most customers will utilize. Customers began submitting applications for the forgiveness program in the third quarter of 2020. PPP loans were intended to support up to 24 weeks of payroll and certain other costs to help those businesses remain viable and allow their employees to pay their bills. As of May 2, 2022, we had 590 PPP loans totaling approximately $35,793,000 outstanding. The PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government through the SBA.

The Subsidiary Banks charge-off that portion of any loan which management considers to represent a loss as well as that portion of any other loan which is classified as a “loss” by bank examiners. Commercial and industrial or real estate loans are generally considered by management to represent a loss, in whole or part, when an exposure beyond any collateral coverage is apparent and when no further collection of the loss portion is anticipated based on the borrower’s financial condition and general economic conditions in the borrower’s industry. Generally, unsecured consumer loans are charged-off when 90 days past due.

While our management believes that it is generally able to identify borrowers with financial problems reasonably early and to monitor credit extended to such borrowers carefully, there is no precise method of predicting loan losses. The determination that a loan is likely to be uncollectible and that it should be wholly or partially charged-off as a loss is an exercise of judgment. Similarly, the determination of the adequacy of the ACL can be made only on a subjective basis. It is the judgment of our management that the ACL at March 31, 2022 was adequate to absorb probable losses from loans in the portfolio at that date.

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The following tables present information regarding the aging of past due loans by loan class at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	March 31, 2022
							90 Days or		Total
	30 - 59		60 - 89		90 Days or		greater &		Past				Total
	Days		Days		Greater		still accruing		Due		Current		Portfolio
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	2,160	$	261	$	442	$	442	$	2,863	$	1,458,757	$	1,461,620
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		1,302		39		536		536		1,877		1,740,821		1,742,698
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		2,973		1,384		337		—		4,694		2,556,851		2,561,545
Commercial real estate: multifamily		10		—		—		—		10		255,540		255,550
Residential: first lien		2,541		693		5,164		4,887		8,398		390,451		398,849
Residential: junior lien		218		420		1,168		1,168		1,806		439,718		441,524
Consumer		243		99		6		6		348		40,671		41,019
Foreign		562		67		215		215		844		144,628		145,472
Total past due loans	$	10,009	$	2,963	$	7,868	$	7,254	$	20,840	$	7,027,437	$	7,048,277

	December 31, 2021
							90 Days or		Total
	30 - 59		60 - 89		90 Days or		greater &		Past				Total
	Days		Days		Greater		still accruing		Due		Current		Portfolio
		(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	2,534	$	303	$	577	$	577	$	3,414	$	1,498,438	$	1,501,852
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		499		334		188		188		1,021		1,667,092		1,668,113
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		18,164		172		644		307		18,980		2,692,076		2,711,056
Commercial real estate: multifamily		—		—		—		—		—		284,536		284,536
Residential: first lien		2,342		1,212		5,129		4,937		8,683		394,975		403,658
Residential: junior lien		747		115		1,055		1,055		1,917		462,256		464,173
Consumer		231		88		4		4		323		40,643		40,966
Foreign		1,319		232		1,574		1,574		3,125		131,672		134,797
Total past due loans	$	25,836	$	2,456	$	9,171	$	8,642	$	37,463	$	7,171,688	$	7,209,151

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A summary of the loan portfolio by credit quality indicator by loan class and by year of origination at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is presented below:

		2022	2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at March 31, 2022
Domestic
Commercial
Pass	$	157,913	$	895,087	$	130,593	$	69,495	$	56,082	$	37,946	$	1,347,116
Special Review		81		75,098		492		139		—		—		75,810
Watch List - Pass		29,841		7,087		—		807		—		—		37,735
Watch List - Substandard		—		324		316		—		56		—		696
Watch List - Doubtful		—		206		—		—		—		57		263
Total Commercial	$	187,835	$	977,802	$	131,401	$	70,441	$	56,138	$	38,003	$	1,461,620
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development
Pass	$	170,274	$	996,912	$	206,608	$	295,325	$	33,305	$	16,189	$	1,718,613
Special Review		—		—		—		211		—		—		211
Watch List - Pass		—		—		23,100		—		—		—		23,100
Watch List - Substandard		—		207		—		—		—		—		207
Watch List - Doubtful		—		465		102		—		—		—		567
Total Commercial real estate: other construction & land development	$	170,274	$	997,584	$	229,810	$	295,536	$	33,305	$	16,189	$	1,742,698
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial
Pass	$	220,689	$	721,404	$	639,609	$	280,518	$	403,252	$	167,803	$	2,433,275
Special Review		2,984		1,077		1,272		—		343		60		5,736
Watch List - Pass		51,890		260		9,312		—		—		92		61,554
Watch List - Substandard		—		—		54,053		3,583		—		2,790		60,426
Watch List - Doubtful		—		—		216		337		—		1		554
Total Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial	$	275,563	$	722,741	$	704,462	$	284,438	$	403,595	$	170,746	$	2,561,545
Commercial real estate: multifamily
Pass	$	3,335	$	132,852	$	62,874	$	31,231	$	6,901	$	18,234	$	255,427
Watch List - Doubtful		—		—		123		—		—		—		123
Total Commercial real estate: multifamily	$	3,335	$	132,852	$	62,997	$	31,231	$	6,901	$	18,234	$	255,550
Residential: first lien
Pass	$	61,506	$	89,814	$	58,393	$	47,861	$	39,298	$	100,671	$	397,543
Watch List - Substandard		—		999		—		101		—		—		1,100
Watch List - Doubtful		—		—		83		—		—		123		206
Total Residential: first lien	$	61,506	$	90,813	$	58,476	$	47,962	$	39,298	$	100,794	$	398,849
Residential: junior lien
Pass	$	19,714	$	128,627	$	110,051	$	50,272	$	26,346	$	106,514	$	441,524
Total Residential: junior lien	$	19,714	$	128,627	$	110,051	$	50,272	$	26,346	$	106,514	$	441,524
Residential: junior lien
Consumer
Pass	$	9,251	$	25,436	$	3,552	$	985	$	137	$	1,658	$	41,019
Total Consumer	$	9,251	$	25,436	$	3,552	$	985	$	137	$	1,658	$	41,019
Foreign
Pass	$	39,094	$	71,591	$	16,628	$	6,359	$	6,133	$	5,667	$	145,472
Total Foreign	$	39,094	$	71,591	$	16,628	$	6,359	$	6,133	$	5,667	$	145,472
Total Loans	$	766,572	$	3,147,446	$	1,317,377	$	787,224	$	571,853	$	457,805	$	7,048,277

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		2021	2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2021
Domestic
Commercial
Pass	$	1,041,763	$	167,691	$	77,579	$	58,439	$	37,104	$	5,144	$	1,387,720
Special Review		74,559		497		139		81		—		—		75,276
Watch List - Pass		33,920		—		—		—		—		10		33,930
Watch List - Substandard		3,581		273		716		57		—		1		4,628
Watch List - Doubtful		224		—		—		—		74		—		298
Total Commercial	$	1,154,047	$	168,461	$	78,434	$	58,577	$	37,178	$	5,155	$	1,501,852
Commercial
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development
Pass	$	966,946	$	312,389	$	308,673	$	37,124	$	16,642	$	2,439	$	1,644,213
Special Review		—		—		211		—		—		—		211
Watch List - Pass		—		23,100		—		—		—		—		23,100
Watch List - Doubtful		485		104		—		—		—		—		589
Total Commercial real estate: other construction & land development	$	967,431	$	335,593	$	308,884	$	37,124	$	16,642	$	2,439	$	1,668,113
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial
Pass	$	1,001,335	$	680,777	$	288,333	$	417,353	$	96,096	$	97,119	$	2,581,013
Special Review		929		1,292		—		3,448		61		—		5,730
Watch List - Pass		18,790		44,059		—		—		94		1		62,944
Watch List - Substandard		—		54,097		3,899		—		2,355		456		60,807
Watch List - Doubtful		—		224		337		—		—		1		562
Total Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial	$	1,021,054	$	780,449	$	292,569	$	420,801	$	98,606	$	97,577	$	2,711,056
Commercial real estate: multifamily
Pass	$	133,152	$	40,766	$	78,609	$	10,632	$	14,217	$	7,029	$	284,405
Watch List - Doubtful		—		131		—		—		—		—		131
Total Commercial real estate: multifamily	$	133,152	$	40,897	$	78,609	$	10,632	$	14,217	$	7,029	$	284,536
Residential: first lien
Pass	$	128,742	$	52,725	$	57,249	$	49,259	$	29,477	$	85,838	$	403,290
Watch List - Substandard		56		—		103		—		122		—		281
Watch List - Doubtful		—		87		—		—		—		—		87
Total Residential: first lien	$	128,798	$	52,812	$	57,352	$	49,259	$	29,599	$	85,838	$	403,658
Residential: junior lien
Pass	$	130,629	$	123,062	$	59,113	$	30,603	$	40,855	$	79,911	$	464,173
Total Residential: junior lien	$	130,629	$	123,062	$	59,113	$	30,603	$	40,855	$	79,911	$	464,173
Consumer
Pass	$	32,053	$	5,693	$	1,370	$	189	$	9	$	1,652	$	40,966
Total Consumer	$	32,053	$	5,693	$	1,370	$	189	$	9	$	1,652	$	40,966
Foreign
Pass	$	74,811	$	33,360	$	9,223	$	8,852	$	4,790	$	3,761	$	134,797
Total Foreign	$	74,811	$	33,360	$	9,223	$	8,852	$	4,790	$	3,761	$	134,797
Total Loans	$	3,641,975	$	1,540,327	$	885,554	$	616,037	$	241,896	$	283,362	$	7,209,151

Note 5 — Stock Options

On April 5, 2012, the Board of Directors adopted the 2012 International Bancshares Corporation Stock Option Plan (the “2012 Plan”). There are 800,000 shares of common stock available for stock option grants under the 2012 Plan, which may be qualified incentive stock options (“ISOs”) or non-qualified stock options. Options granted may be exercisable for a period of up to 10 years from the date of grant, excluding ISOs granted to 10% shareholders, which may be exercisable for a period of up to only five years. As of March 31, 2022, 5,628 shares were available for future grants under the 2012 Plan.

On April 18, 2022, the Board of Directors adopted the 2022 International Bancshares Corporation Stock Appreciation Rights Plan (the “SAR Plan”). There are 750,000 shares of underlying common stock that may be used for stock appreciation rights (“SAR”) grants under the plan, however, no actual shares will be granted. Upon exercise the

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SAR will be settled in cash. SARs granted may be exercisable for a period of up to 10 years from the date of grant. No SARs had been issued under the plan as of May 2, 2022.

A summary of option activity under the stock option plan for the three months ended March 31, 2022 is as follows:

				Weighted
		Weighted		average
		average		remaining	Aggregate
	Number of	exercise		contractual	intrinsic
	options	price		term (years)	value ($)
					(in Thousands)
Options outstanding at December 31, 2021	520,551	$	28.28
Plus: Options granted	31,150		38.92
Less:
Options exercised	6,337		23.22
Options expired	—		—
Options forfeited	6,100		32.90
Options outstanding at March 31, 2022	539,264	$	28.90	4.56	$	7,175
Options fully vested and exercisable at March 31, 2022	286,828	$	23.29	2.49	$	5,428

Stock-based compensation expense included in the consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021 was $121,000 and $159,000, respectively. As of March 31, 2022, there was approximately $1,089,000 of total unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to non-vested options granted under our plans that will be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.0 years.

Note 6 — Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments

We classify debt securities into one of three categories: held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, or trading. Such debt securities are reassessed for appropriate classification at each reporting date. Securities classified as “held-to-maturity” are carried at amortized cost for financial statement reporting, while securities classified as “available-for-sale” and “trading” are carried at their fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses are included in net income for those securities classified as “trading,” while unrealized holding gains and losses related to those securities classified as “available-for-sale” are excluded from net income and reported net of tax as other comprehensive income (loss) and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until realized, or in the case of losses, when deemed other than temporary. Available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities in an unrealized loss position are evaluated for the underlying cause of the loss. In the event that the deterioration in value is attributable to credit related reasons, then the amount of credit-related impairment will be recorded as a charge to our ACL with subsequent changes in the amount of impairment, up or down, also recorded through our ACL. We have evaluated the debt securities classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at March 31, 2022 and have determined that no debt securities in an unrealized loss position are arising from credit related reasons and have therefore not recorded any allowances for debt securities in our ACL for the period. Unrealized gains and losses related to equity securities with readily determinable fair values are included in net income.

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The amortized cost and estimated fair value by type of investment security at March 31, 2022 are as follows:

	Held to Maturity
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		Estimated		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		fair value		value
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Other securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400
Total investment securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400

	Available for Sale Debt Securities
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		Estimated		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		fair value		value(1)
	(Dollars in Thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,099	$	—	$	—	$	49,099	$	49,099
Residential mortgage-backed securities		4,313,749		2,133		(265,529)		4,050,353		4,050,353
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		41,454		1,091		—		42,545		42,545
Total investment securities	$	4,404,302	$	3,224	$	(265,529)	$	4,141,997	$	4,141,997

(1) Included in the carrying value of residential mortgage-backed securities are $734,878 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae and $3,315,475 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value by type of investment security at December 31, 2021 are as follows:

	Held to Maturity
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		Estimated		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		fair value		value
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Other securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400
Total investment securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400

	Available for Sale
			Gross		Gross		Estimated
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		fair		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		value		value(1)
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	4,213,441	$	14,159	$	(58,237)	$	4,169,363	$	4,169,363
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		41,519		3,038		—		44,557		44,557
Total investment securities	$	4,254,960	$	17,197	$	(58,237)	$	4,213,920	$	4,213,920

(1) Included in the carrying value of residential mortgage-backed securities are $824,474 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae and $3,344,899 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie.

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The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities at March 31, 2022, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

	Held to Maturity				Available for Sale
	Amortized		Estimated		Amortized		Estimated
	Cost		fair value		Cost		fair value
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	2,325	$	2,325	$	—	$	—
Due after one year through five years		1,075		1,075		49,099		49,099
Due after five years through ten years		—		—		—		—
Due after ten years		—		—		41,454		42,545
Residential mortgage-backed securities		—		—		4,313,749		4,050,353
Total investment securities	$	3,400	$	3,400	$	4,404,302	$	4,141,997

Residential mortgage-backed securities are securities primarily issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), or the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”). Investments in residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae are fully guaranteed by the U.S. Government. Investments in residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae are not fully guaranteed by the U.S. Government, however, we believe that the quality of the bonds is similar to other AAA rated bonds with limited credit risk, particularly given the placement of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac into conservatorship by the federal government in early September 2008 and because securities issued by others that are collateralized by residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac are rated consistently as AAA rated securities.

The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale debt investment securities pledged to qualify for fiduciary powers, to secure public monies as required by law, repurchase agreements and short-term fixed borrowings was $1,517,343,000 and $1,405,511,000, respectively, at March 31, 2022.

Proceeds from the sale and calls of debt securities available-for-sale were $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which included $0 of mortgage-backed securities. Gross gains of $0 and gross losses of $0 were realized on the sales and calls for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Proceeds from the sale and call of debt securities available-for-sale were $2,510,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021, which included $0 of mortgage-backed securities. Gross gains of $0 and gross losses of $4 were realized on the sales and calls for the three months ended March 31, 2021, respectively.

Gross unrealized losses on debt investment securities and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual debt securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at March 31, 2022, were as follows:

	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Available for sale:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	3,181,601	$	(237,429)	$	515,872	$	(28,100)	$	3,697,473	$	(265,529)
	$	3,181,601	$	(237,429)	$	515,872	$	(28,100)	$	3,697,473	$	(265,529)

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Gross unrealized losses on investment securities and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2021 were as follows:

	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Available for sale:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	3,037,188	$	(53,060)	$	423,733	$	(5,177)	$	3,460,921	$	(58,237)
	$	3,037,188	$	(53,060)	$	423,733	$	(5,177)	$	3,460,921	$	(58,237)

The unrealized losses on investments in residential mortgage-backed securities are primarily caused by changes in market interest rates. We have no intent to sell and will more than likely not be required to sell before a market price recovery or maturity of the securities; therefore, it is our conclusion that the investments in residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae and Ginnie Mae are not considered other-than-temporarily impaired.

Equity securities with readily determinable fair values consist primarily of Community Reinvestment Act funds. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the balance in equity securities with readily determinable fair values recorded at fair value were $5,810,000 and $6,079,000, respectively. The following is a summary of unrealized and realized gains and losses recognized in net income on equity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and the three months ended March 31, 2021:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2022
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Net losses recognized during the period on equity securities	$	(269)
Less: Net gains and (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period		—
Unrealized losses recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date	$	(269)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2021
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Net losses recognized during the period on equity securities	$	(77)
Less: Net gains and (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period		—
Unrealized losses recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date	$	(77)

Other investments include equity and merchant banking investments held by our subsidiary banks and non-banking entities. We hold ownership interests in limited partnerships for the purpose of investing in low-income housing tax credit (“LIHTC”) projects. The partnerships may acquire, construct or rehabilitate housing for low- and moderate-income individuals. We realize a return primarily from federal tax credits and other federal tax deductions associated with the underlying projects. We are a limited partner in the partnerships, and not required to consolidate the entities in our consolidated financial statements. Investments in LIHTC projects totaled $236,397,000 at March 31, 2022 and $179,543,000 at December 31, 2021, and are included in other investments on the consolidated financial statements.

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Unfunded commitments to LIHTC projects totaled $55,108,000 at March 31, 2022 and $40,094,000 at December 31, 2021, and are included in other liabilities on the consolidated financial statements.

Note 7 — Other Borrowed Funds

Other borrowed funds include FHLB borrowings, which are short-term and long-term borrowings issued by the FHLB of Dallas and the FHLB of Topeka at the market price offered at the time of funding. These borrowings are secured by residential mortgage-backed investment securities and a portion of our loan portfolio. At March 31, 2022, other borrowed funds totaled $436,090,000, a decrease of less than .1% from $436,138,000 at December 31, 2021.

Note 8 — Junior Subordinated Interest Deferrable Debentures

As of March 31, 2022, we have five statutory business trusts under the laws of the State of Delaware, for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. The five statutory business trusts we formed (the “Trusts”) have each issued Capital and Common Securities and invested the proceeds thereof in an equivalent amount of junior subordinated debentures (“Debentures”) that we issued. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the principal amount of Debentures outstanding totaled $134,642,000.

The Debentures are subordinated and junior in right of payment to all present and future senior indebtedness (as defined in the respective Indentures) and are pari passu with one another. The interest rate payable on, and the payment terms of the Debentures are the same as the distribution rate and payment terms of the respective issues of Capital and Common Securities issued by the Trusts. We have fully and unconditionally guaranteed the obligations of each of the Trusts with respect to the Capital and Common Securities. We have the right, unless an Event of Default (as defined in the Indentures) has occurred and is continuing, to defer payment of interest on the Debentures for up to twenty consecutive quarterly periods on Trusts VIII, IX, X, XI and XII. If interest payments on any of the Debentures are deferred, distributions on both the Capital and Common Securities related to that Debenture would also be deferred. The redemption prior to maturity of any of the Debentures may require the prior approval of the Federal Reserve and/or other regulatory bodies.

For financial reporting purposes, the Trusts are treated as our investments and not consolidated in our consolidated financial statements. Although the Capital and Common Securities issued by each of the Trusts are not included as a component of shareholders’ equity on the consolidated statement of condition, the Capital and Common Securities are treated as capital for regulatory purposes. Specifically, under applicable regulatory guidelines, the Capital and Common Securities issued by the Trusts qualify as Tier 1 capital up to a maximum of 25% of Tier 1 capital on an aggregate basis. Any amount that exceeds the 25% threshold would qualify as Tier 2 capital. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the total $134,642,000 of the Capital and Common Securities outstanding qualified as Tier 1 capital.

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The following table illustrates key information about each of the Capital and Common Securities and their interest rate at March 31, 2022:

	Junior
	Subordinated
	Deferrable
	Interest		Repricing	Interest		Interest				Optional
	Debentures		Frequency	Rate		Rate Index(1)			Maturity Date	Redemption Date(1)
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Trust VIII	$	25,774	Quarterly	3.29	%	LIBOR	+	3.05	October 2033	October 2008
Trust IX		41,238	Quarterly	1.83	%	LIBOR	+	1.62	October 2036	October 2011
Trust X		21,021	Quarterly	1.97	%	LIBOR	+	1.65	February 2037	February 2012
Trust XI		25,990	Quarterly	1.83	%	LIBOR	+	1.62	July 2037	July 2012
Trust XII		20,619	Quarterly	1.97	%	LIBOR	+	1.45	September 2037	September 2012
	$	134,642

(1)   The Capital and Common Securities may be redeemed in whole or in part on any interest payment date after the Optional Redemption Date.

Note 9 — Common Stock and Dividends

We paid cash dividends of $.60 per share on February 28, 2022 to record holders of our common stock on February 15, 2022. We paid cash dividends of $.60 on February 17, 2021, to record holders of our common Stock on February 5, 2021.

In April 2009, the Board of Directors re-established a formal stock repurchase program that authorized the repurchase of up to $40 million of common stock within the following 12 months. Annually since then, including on February 23, 2022, the Board of Directors extended and increased the repurchase program to purchase up to $150 million of common stock during the 12-month period commencing on March 15, 2022. Shares of common stock may be purchased from time to time on the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. Shares purchased in this program will be held in treasury for reissue for various corporate purposes, including employee compensation plans. During the first quarter of 2022, the Board of Directors adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, and intends to adopt additional Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, that will allow us to purchase shares of our common stock during certain trading blackout periods when we ordinarily would not be in the market due to trading restrictions in our insider trading policy. During the term of a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, purchases of common stock are automatic to the extent the conditions of the plan’s trading instructions are met. Shares purchased under the Rule 10b5-1 trading plan will be held in treasury for reissue for various corporate purposes, including employee stock compensation plans. As of May 2, 2022, a total of 12,498,452 shares had been repurchased under all programs at a cost of $366,433,000. We are not obligated to purchase shares under our stock repurchase program outside of its Rule 10b5-1 trading plan.

Note 10 — Commitments and Contingent Liabilities and Other Tax Matters

We are involved in various legal proceedings that are in various stages of litigation. We have determined, based on discussions with its counsel, that any material loss in such actions, individually or in the aggregate, is remote or the damages sought, even if fully recovered, would not be considered material to our consolidated financial position or results of operations. However, many of these matters are in various stages of proceedings and further developments could cause management to revise its assessment of these matters.

Note 11 — Capital Ratios

Banks and bank holding companies are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by state and federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items calculated under

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regulatory accounting practices. Capital amount and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgements by regulators about components, risk-weighting and other factors.

In July 2013, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) and other regulatory bodies established a new, comprehensive capital framework for U.S. banking organizations, consisting of minimum requirements that increase both the quantity and quality of capital held by banking organizations. The final rules are a result of the implementation of the BASEL III capital reforms and various Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd Frank”) related capital provisions. Consistent with the Basel international framework, the rules include a minimum ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) to risk-weighted assets of 4.5% and a CET1 capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets. The capital conservation buffer began phasing-in on January 1, 2016 at .625% and increased each year until January 1, 2019, when we were required to have a 2.5% capital conservation buffer, effectively resulting in a minimum ratio of CET1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 7% upon full implementation. The rules also raised the minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets from 4% to 6% and include a minimum leverage ratio of 4% for all banking organizations. Regarding the quality of capital, the rules emphasize CET1 capital and implements strict eligibility criteria for regulatory capital instruments. The rules also improve the methodology for calculating risk-weighted assets to enhance risk sensitivity. The rules were subject to a four-year phase in period for mandatory compliance and we were required to begin to phase in the rules beginning on January 1, 2015. We believe that as of March 31, 2022, we continue to meet all fully phased-in capital adequacy requirements.

On November 21, 2017, the OCC, the Federal Reserve and the FDIC finalized a proposed rule that extends the current treatment under the regulatory capital rules for certain regulatory capital deductions and risk weights and certain minority interest requirements, as they apply to banking organizations that are not subject to the advanced approaches capital rules. Effective January 1, 2018, the rule also paused the full transition to the Basel III treatment of mortgage servicing assets, certain deferred tax assets, investments in the capital of unconsolidated financial institutions and minority interests. The agencies are also considering whether to make adjustments to the capital rules in response to CECL (the FASB Standard relating to current expected credit loss) and its potential impact on regulatory capital.

On December 7, 2017, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision unveiled the latest round of its regulatory capital framework, commonly called “Basel IV.” The framework makes changes to the capital framework first introduced as “Basel III” in 2010. The committee targeted 2022-2027 as the timeframe for implementation by regulators in individual countries, including the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies (after notice and comment).

The aforementioned capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions with a ratio of CET1 capital to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the conservation buffer will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall.

As of March 31, 2022, our capital levels continue to exceed all capital adequacy requirements under the Basel III Capital Rules as currently applicable to us.

On May 24, 2018, the EGRRCPA was enacted and, among other things, it includes a simplified capital rule change which effectively exempts banks with assets of less than $10 billion that exceed the “community bank leverage ratio,” from all risk-based capital requirements, including Basel III and its predecessors. The federal banking agencies must establish the “community bank leverage ratio” (a ratio of tangible equity to average consolidated assets) between 8% and 10% before community banks can begin to take advantage of this regulatory relief provision. Some of the Subsidiary Banks, with assets of less than $10 billion, may qualify for this exemption. Additionally, under the EGRRCPA, qualified bank holding companies with assets of up to $3 billion (currently $1 billion) will be eligible for the Federal Reserve’s Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement, which eases limitations on the issuance of debt by holding companies. On August 28, 2018, the Federal Reserve issued an interim final rule expanding the applicability of its Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement. While holding companies that meet the conditions of the policy statement are excluded from consolidated capital requirements, their depository institutions continue to be subject to minimum capital requirements. Finally, for banks that continue to be subject to the risk-based capital rules of Basel III (e.g., 150%), certain commercial real estate loans that were formally classified as high volatility commercial real estate 31 (“HVCRE”) will not be subject to heightened risk weights if they meet certain criteria. Also, while acquisition, development, and construction (“ADC”) loans will generally be subject to heightened risk weights, certain exceptions

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will apply. On September 18, 2018, the federal banking agencies issued a proposed rule modifying the agencies’ capital rules for HVCRE.

We had a CET1 to risk-weighted assets ratio of 20.06% on March 31, 2022 and 20.47% on December 31, 2021. We had a Tier 1 capital-to-average-total-asset (leverage) ratio of 13.87% and 13.94%, risk-weighted Tier 1 capital ratio of 21.12% and 21.59% and risk-weighted total capital ratio of 22.24% and 22.73% at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Our CET1 capital consists of common stock and related surplus, net of treasury stock, and retained earnings. We and our Subsidiary Banks elected to opt-out of the requirement to include most components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the calculation of CET1 capital. CET1 is reduced by goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities and subject to transition provisions. Tier 1 capital includes CET1 capital and additional Tier 1 capital. Additional Tier 1 capital includes the Capital and Common Securities issued by the Trusts (see Note 8 above) up to a maximum of 25% of Tier 1 capital on an aggregate basis. Any amount that exceeds the 25% threshold qualifies as Tier 2 capital. As of March 31, 2022, the total of $134,642,000 of the Capital and Common Securities outstanding qualified as Tier 1 capital. We actively monitor the regulatory capital ratios to ensure that our Subsidiary Banks are well-capitalized under the regulatory framework.

The CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratios are calculated by dividing the respective capital amounts by risk-weighted assets. Risk-weighted assets are calculated based on regulatory requirements and include total assets, excluding goodwill and other intangible assets, allocated by risk-weight category, and certain off-balance-sheet items, among other things. The leverage ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by adjusted quarterly average total assets, which exclude goodwill and other intangible assets, among other things.

We and our Subsidiary Banks are subject to the regulatory capital requirements administered by the Federal Reserve, and, for our Subsidiary Banks, the FDIC. Regulatory authorities can initiate certain mandatory actions if we or any of our Subsidiary Banks fail to meet the minimum capital requirements, which could have a direct material effect on our financial statements. Management believes, as of March 31, 2022, that we and each of our Subsidiary Banks meet all capital adequacy requirements to which we are subject.

As used in this report, the words “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to International Bancshares Corporation, a Texas corporation, its five wholly-owned subsidiary banks, and other subsidiaries. The information that follows may contain forward-looking statements, which are qualified as indicated under “Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in Item 2 (Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations) of this report. Our website address is www.ibc.com.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, and notes thereto, for the year ended December 31, 2021, included in our 2021 Form 10-K. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2022, or any future period.

Special Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward Looking Information

Certain matters discussed in this report, excluding historical information, include forward-looking statements, within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are subject to the safe harbor created by these sections. Although we believe such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, no assurance can be given that every objective will be reached. The words “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “believe” and “project,” as well as other words or expressions of a similar meaning are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. Such statements are based on current expectations, are inherently uncertain, are subject to risks and should be viewed with caution. Actual results and experience may differ materially from the forward-looking statements as a result of many factors.

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Risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from any results that we project, forecast, estimate or budget in forward-looking statements include, among others, the following possibilities:

● Local, regional, national and international economic business conditions and the impact they may have on us, our customers, and such customers’ ability to transact profitable business with us, including the ability of our borrowers to repay their loans according to their terms or a change in the value of the related collateral.

● Volatility and disruption in national and international financial markets.

● Government intervention in the U.S. financial system.

● The unavailability of funding from the FHLB, Fed or other sources in the future could adversely impact our growth strategy, prospects and performance.

● Changes in consumer spending, borrowing and saving habits.

● Changes in interest rates and market prices, including, changes in federal regulations on the payment of interest on demand deposits.

● Changes in the capital markets we utilize, including changes in the interest rate environment that may reduce margins.

● Changes in state and/or federal laws and regulations, including the impact of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) as a regulator of financial institutions, changes in the accounting, tax and regulatory treatment of trust preferred securities, as well as changes in banking, tax, securities, insurance, employment, environmental and immigration laws and regulations and the risk of litigation that may follow.

● Changes in U.S.—Mexico trade, including, reductions in border crossings and commerce, integration and implementation of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement and the possible imposition of tariffs on imported goods.

● The reduction of deposits from nonresident alien individuals due to the IRS rules requiring U.S. financial institutions to report deposit interest payments made to such individuals.

● The loss of senior management or operating personnel.

● The timing, impact and other uncertainties of potential future acquisitions as well as our ability to maintain our current branch network and enter new markets to capitalize on growth opportunities.

● Changes in estimates of future reserve requirements based upon periodic review thereof under relevant regulatory and accounting requirements.

● Additions to our allowance for credit loss as a result of changes in local, national or international conditions which adversely affect our customers.

● Greater than expected costs or difficulties related to the development and integration of new products and lines of business.

● Increased labor costs and effects related to health care reform and other laws, regulations and legal developments impacting labor costs.

● Impairment of carrying value of goodwill could negatively impact our earnings and capital.

● Changes in the soundness of other financial institutions with which we interact.

● Political instability in the United States or Mexico.

● Technological changes or system failures or breaches of our network security, as well as other cyber security risks, could subject us to increased operating costs, litigation and other liabilities.

● Acts of war or terrorism.

● Natural disasters.

● Reduced earnings resulting from the write down of the carrying value of securities held in our securities available-for-sale portfolios.

● The effect of changes in accounting policies and practices by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the Financial Accounting Standards Board and other accounting standards setters.

● The costs and effects of regulatory developments or regulatory or other governmental inquiries and the results of regulatory examinations or reviews and obtaining required regulatory approvals.

● The effect of final rules amending Regulation E that prohibit financial institutions from charging consumer fees for paying overdrafts on ATM and one-time debit card transactions, as well as the effect of any other regulatory or legal developments that limit overdraft services.

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● The reduction of income and possible increase in required capital levels related to the adoption of legislation and the implementing rules and regulations, including those that establish debit card interchange fee standards and prohibit network exclusivity arrangements and routing restrictions.

● The increase in required capital levels related to the implementation of capital and liquidity rules of the federal banking agencies that address or are impacted by the Basel III capital and liquidity standards.

● The enhanced due diligence burden imposed on banks related to the banks’ inability to rely on credit ratings under Dodd-Frank.

● Our failure or circumvention of our internal controls and risk management, policies and procedures.

● Potential direct and indirect impacts, risks, and uncertainties associated with the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID-19”) or similar global pandemics.

Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made. It is not possible to foresee or identify all such factors. We make no commitment to update any forward-looking statement, or to disclose any facts, events or circumstances after the date hereof that may affect the accuracy of any forward-looking statement, unless required by law.

Overview

We are headquartered in Laredo, Texas with 167 facilities and 261 ATMs, and provide banking services for commercial, consumer and international customers of North, South, Central and Southeast Texas and the State of Oklahoma. We are one of the largest independent commercial bank holding companies headquartered in Texas. We, through our Subsidiary Banks, are in the business of gathering funds from various sources and investing those funds in order to earn a return. We, either directly or through a Subsidiary Bank, own an insurance agency, a liquidating subsidiary, a fifty percent interest in an investment banking unit that owns a broker/dealer, a controlling interest in four merchant banking entities, and a majority ownership in a real-estate development partnership. Our primary earnings come from the spread between the interest earned on interest-bearing assets and the interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities. In addition, we generate income from fees on products offered to commercial, consumer and international customers. The sales team of each of our Subsidiary Banks aims to match the right mix of products and services to each customer to best serve the customer’s needs. That process entails spending time with customers to assess those needs and servicing the sales arising from those discussions on a long-term basis. The Subsidiary Banks have various compensation plans, including incentive based compensation, for fairly compensating employees. The Subsidiary Banks also have a robust process in place to review sales that support the incentive based compensation plan to monitor the quality of the sales and identify any significant irregularities, a process that has been in place for many years.

We are very active in facilitating trade along the United States border with Mexico. We do a large amount of business with customers domiciled in Mexico. Deposits from persons and entities domiciled in Mexico comprise a large and stable portion of the deposit base of our Subsidiary Banks. We also serve the growing Hispanic population through our facilities located throughout South, Central and Southeast Texas and the State of Oklahoma.

In March 2020, the World Health Organization recognized the outbreak of COVID-19 as a pandemic. The spread of COVID-19 and resulting global health crisis has created extreme negative consequences and disruption in global financial markets and has curtailed activity in the governmental, commercial and consumer sectors in recent years. Government responses at all levels have included ordering non-essential businesses be closed, mandating that individuals not working in essential businesses restrict their movement, observe social distancing and shelter in place. Although some of the governmental mandates have been lifted with the development of several vaccines for COVID-19, the long-term consequences of those actions, and the responses by individuals and businesses affected, remain to be seen. The rapid decreases in consumer and commercial activity, rapid increases in unemployment, disruption in global supply chains, market downturns and volatility, drastic changes in consumer behavior, new legislation in response to the emergency, decreases in interest rates, and most currently, inflationary pressures, have continued to impact our business.

We have worked with our customers over the last two years to assist them through these difficult times and we remain conscious of the economic uncertainty still prevalent in the U.S. and are ensuring that we are poised to respond quickly to our customers should the need arise. We continue to rely on our strong capital position and strong liquidity to ensure that we are correctly positioned and have the financial strength to continue to navigate the lingering effect of the

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COVID-19 pandemic and lingering economic impacts to protect our Company, our employees, our customers and our shareholders.

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was signed into law. It contains substantial tax and spending provisions intended to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act includes the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), originally a nearly $350 billion program designed to aid small businesses through federally guaranteed loans distributed through banks. These loans were originally intended to support eight weeks of payroll and certain other costs to help those businesses remain viable and allow their employees to pay their bills. Subsequently, on April 24, 2020, the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act (“CARES Part II”) was signed into law. CARES Part II provides an additional funding of $320 billion for the PPP program. Then, on June 5, 2020, the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act (“PPPFA”) was signed into law. The PPPFA, among other things, extended the period of time that businesses could spend PPP loan proceeds on payroll and other eligible costs from eight weeks to the earlier of 24 weeks or December 31, 2020. On December 27, 2020, the Economic Aid to Hard-Hit Small Businesses, Nonprofits and Venues Act (the “Economic Aid Act”) was enacted, which among other things, reauthorized lending under the PPP to first-time borrowers and for second draws by certain borrowers who have previously received PPP loans. The Economic Aid Act made available an additional $147 billion for PPP loans requested by March 31, 2021. We have been active participants in helping our customers obtain PPP loans under all the PPP programs, and as of May 2, 2022, have approximately 590 loans with an approximate value of $35,793,000 outstanding.

Future economic conditions remain uncertain and the impact of those conditions on our business also remains uncertain. Our business depends on the willingness and ability of our customers to conduct banking and other financial transactions. Our revenue streams including service charges on deposits and banking and non-banking service charges and fees (ATM and Interchange Income) have been impacted and may continue to be impacted in the future if economic conditions do not improve. Expense control has been a long-time focus and essential element to our long-term profitability. We have kept that focus in mind as we continue to look at operations and create efficiencies and institute cost-control protocols at all levels. We will continue to monitor our efficiency ratio, a measure of non-interest expense to net interest income plus non-interest income and our overhead burden ratio, a ratio of our operating expenses against total assets, closely. We use these measures in determining if we are accomplishing our long-term goals of controlling our costs in order to provide superior returns to our shareholders.

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Results of Operations

Summary

Consolidated Statements of Condition Information

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		Percent Increase (Decrease)
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Assets	$	16,136,689	$	16,046,236	0.6	%
Net loans		6,938,050		7,098,777	(2.3)
Deposits		12,795,336		12,617,877	1.4
Securities sold under repurchase agreements		490,091		439,672	11.5
Other borrowed funds		436,090		436,138	(0.0)
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures		134,642		134,642	—
Shareholders’ equity		2,147,679		2,308,481	(7.0)

Consolidated Statements of Income Information

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Percent
	(Dollars in Thousands)				Increase
	2022		2021		(Decrease)
Interest income	$	96,432	$	97,874	(1.5)	%
Interest expense		6,386		6,865	(7.0)
Net interest income		90,046		91,009	(1.1)
Provision for probable loan losses		1,481		1,192	24.2
Non-interest income		43,512		36,237	20.1
Non-interest expense		64,118		62,185	3.1
Net income		53,493		50,771	5.4	%
Per common share:
Basic	$	.84	$	.80	5.0	%
Diluted		.84		.80	5.0

Net Income

Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 increased by 5.4% compared to the same period of 2021. The increase in net income for the first three months of 2022 compared to the same period of 2021 can be primarily attributed to an increase in non-interest income, due largely to an increase in service charges on deposits as customer activity continues to increase from previously depressed levels resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Non-interest income was also positively impacted by gains on the sale of some properties from our branch network as we continue to monitor and evaluate our retail branch footprint and align the footprint with customer activity.

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Net Interest Income

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Percent
	(Dollars in Thousands)				Increase
	2022		2021		(Decrease)
Interest Income:
Loans, including fees	$	81,488	$	92,114	(11.5)	%
Investment securities:
Taxable		13,190		4,875	170.6
Tax-exempt		350		395	(11.4)
Other interest income		1,404		490	186.5
Total interest income		96,432		97,874	(1.5)
Interest expense:
Savings deposits		1,101		929	18.5
Time deposits		2,504		3,198	(21.7)
Securities sold under Repurchase agreements		184		141	30.5
Other borrowings		1,888		1,889	(0.1)
Junior subordinated interest deferrable debentures		709		708	0.1
Total interest expense		6,386		6,865	(7.0)
Net interest income	$	90,046	$	91,009	(1.1)	%

The small decrease in net interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 can be attributed to a decrease in interest income on loans due to a decrease in the size of the loan portfolio. Net interest income is the spread between income on interest earning assets, such as loans and securities, and the interest expense on liabilities used to fund those assets, such as deposits, repurchase agreements and funds borrowed. As part of our strategy to manage interest rate risk, we strive to manage both assets and liabilities so that interest sensitivities match. One method of calculating interest rate sensitivity is through gap analysis. A gap is the difference between the amount of interest rate sensitive assets and interest rate sensitive liabilities that re-price or mature in a given time period. Positive gaps occur when interest rate sensitive assets exceed interest rate sensitive liabilities, and negative gaps occur when interest rate sensitive liabilities exceed interest rate sensitive assets. A positive gap position in a period of rising interest rates should have a positive effect on net interest income as assets will re-price faster than liabilities. Conversely, net interest income should contract somewhat in a period of falling interest rates. Our management can quickly change our interest rate position at any given point in time as market conditions dictate. Additionally, interest rate changes do not affect all categories of assets and liabilities equally or at the same time. Analytical techniques we employ to supplement gap analysis include simulation analysis to quantify interest rate risk exposure. The gap analysis prepared by management is reviewed by our Investment Committee twice a year (see table on page 42 for the March 31, 2022 gap analysis). Our management currently believes that we are properly positioned for interest rate changes; however if our management determines at any time that the we are not properly positioned, we will strive to adjust the interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities in order to manage the effect of interest rate changes.

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Non-Interest Income

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Percent
	(Dollars in Thousands)				Increase
	2022		2021		(Decrease)
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	17,257	$	14,903	15.8	%
Other service charges, commissions and fees
Banking		12,516		12,183	2.7
Non-banking		1,765		1,440	22.6
Investment securities transactions, net		—		(4)	(100.0)
Other investments, net		2,882		4,085	(29.4)
Other income		9,092		3,630	150.5
Total non-interest income	$	43,512	$	36,237	20.1	%

Total non-interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 increased by 20.1% compared to the same period of 2021. The increase in net income for the first three months of 2022 compared to the same period of 2021 can be primarily attributed to an increase in non-interest income, largely due to an increase in service charges on deposits as customer activity continues to increase from previously depressed levels resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Non-interest income was also positively impacted by gains on the sale of some properties from our branch network as we continue to monitor and evaluate our retail branch footprint and align the footprint with customer activity.

Non-Interest Expense

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Percent
	(Dollars in Thousands)				Increase
	2022		2021		(Decrease)
Employee compensation and benefits	$	31,119	$	30,162	3.2	%
Occupancy		6,272		5,617	11.7
Depreciation of bank premises and equipment		5,475		6,799	(19.5)
Professional fees		2,318		2,836	(18.3)
Deposit insurance assessments		1,057		887	19.2
Net operations, other real estate owned		(408)		1,245	(132.8)
Advertising		1,440		1,423	1.2
Software and software maintenance		4,177		4,440	(5.9)
Other		12,668		8,776	44.3
Total non-interest expense	$	64,118	$	62,185	3.1	%

Non-interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 increased by 3.1% compared to the same period of 2021, largely the result of wage and expense pressures caused by inflation. We continue to monitor and manage our controllable non-interest expenses through a variety of measures with the ultimate goal of ensuring we align non-interest expenses with our operations and revenue streams.

Financial Condition

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses decreased 0.1% to $110,227,000 at March 31, 2022 from $110,374,000 at December 31, 2021. The provision for credit losses charged to expense increased 24.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to $1,481,000 compared to $1,192,000 for the same period of 2021. The pool specific qualitative loss factors management deemed appropriate for the ACL calculation at December 31, 2021 remained constant in the March

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31, 2022 ACL calculation. The allowance for credit losses was 1.56% of total loans at March 31, 2022 and 1.53% of total loans at December 31, 2021.

Investment Securities

Residential mortgage-backed debt securities are securities primarily issued by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, or Ginnie Mae. Investments in debt residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae are fully guaranteed by the U.S. Government. Investments in debt residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae are not fully guaranteed by the U.S. Government, however, we believe that the quality of the bonds is similar to other AAA rated bonds with limited credit risk, particularly given the placement of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac into conservatorship by the federal government in early September 2008 and because securities issued by others that are collateralized by residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac are rated consistently as AAA rated securities.

Loans

Total loans decreased by 2.2% to $7,048,277,000 at March 31, 2022, from $7,209,151,000 at December 31, 2021.

Deposits

Deposits increased by 1.4% to $12,795,336,000 at March 31, 2022, compared to $12,617,877,000 at December 31, 2021. Deposits have continued to increase as customers have received proceeds from CARES Act programs, such as stimulus payments and PPP loan proceeds, and presumably decided to save and preserve cash instead of spending during these uncertain times.

Foreign Operations

On March 31, 2022, we had $16,136,689,000 of consolidated assets, of which approximately $145,472,000, or 0.9%, was related to loans outstanding to borrowers domiciled in foreign countries, compared to $134,797,000, or 0.8%, at December 31, 2021. Of the $145,472,000, 89.8% is directly or indirectly secured by U.S. assets, certificates of deposits and real estate; 3.2% is secured by foreign real estate or other assets; and 7.0% is unsecured.

Critical Accounting Policies

We have established various accounting policies that govern the application of accounting principles in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. The significant accounting policies are described in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. Certain accounting policies involve significant subjective judgments and assumptions by management that have a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities; management considers such accounting policies to be critical accounting policies.

We consider our estimated ACL as a policy critical to the sound operations of our Subsidiary Banks. The ACL is deducted from the amortized cost of an instrument to present the net amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. Our ACL primarily consists of the aggregate ACL estimates of our Subsidiary Banks. The estimates are established through charges to operations in the form of charges to provisions for credit loss expense. Loan losses or recoveries are charged or credited directly to the ACL. The ACL of each Subsidiary Bank is maintained at a level considered appropriate by management, based on estimated current expected credit losses in the current loan portfolio, including information about past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

The estimation of the ACL is based on a loss-rate methodology that measures lifetime losses on loan pools that have similar risk characteristics. Loans that do not have similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. The segmentation of the loan portfolio into pools requires a balancing process between capturing similar risk characteristics and containing sufficient loss history to provide meaningful results. Our segmentation starts at the general loan category with further sub-segmentation based on collateral types that may be of meaningful size and/or may

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contain sufficient differences in risk characteristics based on management’s judgement that would warrant further segmentation. The general loan categories along with primary risk characteristics used in our calculation are as follows:

Commercial and industrial loans. This category includes loans extended to a diverse array of businesses for working capital or equipment purchases. These loans are mostly secured by the collateral pledged by the borrower that is directly related to the business activities of the company such as equipment, accounts receivable and inventory. The borrower’s abilities to generate revenues from equipment purchases, collect accounts receivable, and to turn inventory into sales are risk factors in the repayment of the loan. A small portion of this loan category is related to loans secured by oil & gas production and loans secured by aircraft.

Construction and land development loans. This category includes the development of land from unimproved land to lot development for both residential and commercial use and vertical construction across residential and commercial real estate classes. These loans carry risk of repayment when projects incur cost overruns, have an increase in the price of construction materials, encounter zoning, entitlement and environmental issues, or encounter other factors that may affect the completion of a project on time and on budget. Additionally, repayment risk may be negatively impacted when the market experiences a deterioration in the value of real estate. Risks specifically related to 1-4 family development loans also include mortgage rate risk and the practice by the mortgage industry of more restrictive underwriting standards, which inhibits the buyer from obtaining long term financing creating excessive housing and lot inventory in the market.

Commercial real estate loans. This category includes loans secured by farmland, multifamily properties, owner occupied commercial properties, and non-owner occupied commercial properties. Owner occupied commercial properties include warehouses often along the border for import/export operations, office space where the borrower is the primary tenant, restaurants and other single-tenant retail. Non-owner occupied commercial properties include hotels, retail centers, office and professional buildings, and leased warehouses. These loans carry risk of repayment when market values deteriorate, the business experiences turnover in key management, the business has an inability to attract or keep occupancy levels stable, or when the market experiences an exit of a specific business type that is significant to the local economy, such as a manufacturing plant.

1-4 family mortgages. This category includes both first and second lien mortgages for the purpose of home purchases or refinancing of existing mortgage loans. A small portion of this loan category is related to home equity lines of credits, lots purchases, and home construction. Loan repayments may be affected by unemployment or underemployment and deteriorating market values of real estate.

Consumer loans. This category includes deposit secured, vehicle secured, and unsecured loans, including overdrafts, made to individuals. Repayment is primarily affected by unemployment or underemployment.

The loan pools are further broken down using a risk-based segmentation based on internal classifications for commercial loans and past due status for consumer mortgage loans. Non-mortgage consumer loans are evaluated as one segment. On a weekly basis, commercial loan past due reports are reviewed by the credit quality committee to determine if a loan has any potential problems and if a loan should be placed on our internal Watch List report. Additionally, our credit department reviews the majority of our loans for proper internal classification purposes regardless of whether they are past due and segregates any loans with potential problems for further review. The credit department will discuss the potential problem loans with the servicing loan officers to determine any relevant issues that were not discovered in the evaluation. Also, an analysis of loans that is provided through examinations by regulatory authorities is considered in the review process. After the above analysis is completed, we will determine if a loan should be placed on an internal Watch List report because of issues related to the analysis of the credit, credit documents, collateral and/or payment history.

Our internal Watch List report is segregated into the following categories: (i) Pass, (ii) Economic Monitoring, (iii) Special Review, (iv) Watch List—Pass, (v) Watch List—Substandard, and (vi) Watch List—Doubtful. The loans placed in the Special Review category and lower rated credits reflect our opinion that the loans reflect potential weakness which require monitoring on a more frequent basis. Credits in those categories are reviewed and discussed on a regular basis, no less frequently than quarterly, with the credit department and the lending staff to determine if a change in category is warranted. The loans placed in the Watch List—Pass category and lower rated credits reflect our opinion that

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the credit contains weaknesses which represent a greater degree of risk, which warrant “extra attention.” Credits in this category are reviewed and discussed on a regular basis with the credit department and the lending staff to determine if a change in category is warranted. The loans placed in the Watch List—Substandard category are considered to be potentially inadequately protected by the current sound worth and debt service capacity of the borrower or of any pledged collateral. These credit obligations, even if apparently protected by collateral value, have shown defined weaknesses related to adverse financial, managerial, economic, market or political conditions which may jeopardize repayment of principal and interest. Furthermore, there is the possibility that we may sustain some future loss if such weaknesses are not corrected. The loans placed in the Watch List—Doubtful category have shown defined weaknesses and it is likely, based on current information and events, that we will be unable to collect all principal and/or interest amounts contractually due. Watch List—Doubtful loans are placed on non-accrual when they are moved to that category.

For the purposes of the ACL, in order to maintain segments with sufficient history for meaningful results, the credits in the Pass and Economic Monitoring categories are aggregated, the credits in the Special Review and Watch List—Pass credits are aggregated, and the credits in the Watch List—Substandard category remain in their own segment. For loans that are classified as Watch List—Doubtful, management evaluates these credits in accordance with ASC 310-10, “Receivables,” and, if deemed necessary, a specific reserve is allocated to the loan. The specific reserve allocated under ASC 310-10, is based on (i) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; (ii) the loan’s observable market price; or (iii) net realizable value of the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Substantially all of our loans evaluated as Watch List—Doubtful under ASC 310-10 are measured using the fair value of collateral method. In rare cases, we may use other methods to determine the specific reserve of a loan under ASC 310-10 if such loan is not collateral dependent.

Within each collectively evaluated pool, the robustness of the lifetime historical loss-rate is evaluated and, if needed, is supplemented with peer loss rates through a model risk adjustment. Certain qualitative loss factors are then evaluated to incorporate management’s two-year reasonable and supportable forecast period followed by a reversion to the pool’s average lifetime loss-rate. Those qualitative loss factors are: (i) trends in portfolio volume and composition, (ii) volume and trends in classified loans, delinquencies, non-accruals and TDR’s, (iii) concentration risk, (iv) trends in underlying collateral value, (v) changes in policies, procedures, and strategies, and (vi) economic conditions. Qualitative factors also include potential losses stemming from operational risk factors arising from fraud, natural disasters, pandemics and geopolitical events. Should any of the factors considered by management in evaluating the adequacy of the ACL change, our estimate could also change, which could affect the level of future credit loss expense.

We have elected to not measure an ACL for accrued interest receivable given our timely approach in identifying and writing off uncollectible accrued interest. An ACL for off-balance sheet exposure is derived from a projected usage rate of any unfunded commitment multiplied by the historical loss rate, plus model risk adjustment, if any, of the on-balance sheet loan pools.

Our management continually reviews the ACL of the Subsidiary Banks using the amounts determined from the estimates established on specific doubtful loans, the estimate established on quantitative historical loss percentages, and the estimate based on qualitative current conditions and reasonable and supportable two-year forecasted data. Our methodology reverts to the average lifetime loss-rate beyond the forecast period when we can no longer develop reasonable and supportable forecasts. Should any of the factors considered by management in evaluating the adequacy of the estimate for current expected credit losses change, our estimate of current expected credit losses could also change, which could affect the level of future credit loss expense. While the calculation of our ACL utilizes management’s best judgment and all information reasonably available, the adequacy of the ACL is dependent on a variety of factors beyond our control, including, among other things, the performance of the entire loan portfolio, the economy, government actions, changes in interest rates and the view of regulatory authorities towards loan classifications.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The maintenance of adequate liquidity provides our Subsidiary Banks with the ability to meet potential depositor withdrawals, provide for customer credit needs, maintain adequate statutory reserve levels and take full

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advantage of high-yield investment opportunities as they arise. Liquidity is afforded by access to financial markets and by holding appropriate amounts of liquid assets. Our Subsidiary Banks derive their liquidity largely from deposits of individuals and business entities. Deposits from persons and entities domiciled in Mexico comprise a stable portion of the deposit base of our Subsidiary Banks. Other important funding sources for our Subsidiary Banks during 2022 and 2021 were borrowings from the FHLB, securities sold under repurchase agreements and large certificates of deposit, requiring management to closely monitor our asset/liability mix in terms of both rate sensitivity and maturity distribution. Our Subsidiary Banks have had a long-standing relationship with the FHLB and keep open unused lines of credit in order to fund liquidity needs. In the event that the FHLB bank indebtedness is not renewed, the repayment of the outstanding indebtedness would more than likely be repaid through proceeds generated from the sales of unpledged, available-for-sale securities. We maintain a sizable, high quality investment portfolio to provide significant liquidity. These securities can be sold, or sold under agreements to repurchase, to provide immediate liquidity. We will continue to monitor the volatility and cost of funds in an attempt to match maturities of rate-sensitive assets and liabilities and respond accordingly to anticipated fluctuations in interest rates over reasonable periods of time.

We maintain an adequate level of capital as a margin of safety for our depositors and shareholders. At March 31, 2022, shareholders’ equity was $2,147,679,000 compared to $2,308,481,000 at December 31, 2021. The decrease in shareholders’ equity can be primarily attributed to an increase in other comprehensive loss.

Banks and bank holding companies are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by state and federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amount and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgements by regulators about components, risk-weighting and other factors.

In July 2013, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) and other regulatory bodies established a new, comprehensive capital framework for U.S. banking organizations, consisting of minimum requirements that increase both the quantity and quality of capital held by banking organizations. The final rules are a result of the implementation of the BASEL III capital reforms and various Dodd-Frank Act related capital provisions. Consistent with the Basel international framework, the rules include a minimum ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) to risk-weighted assets of 4.5% and a CET1 capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets. The capital conservation buffer began phasing-in on January 1, 2016 at .625% and increased each year until January 1, 2019, when we were required to have a 2.5% capital conservation buffer, effectively resulting in a minimum ratio of CET1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 7% upon full implementation. The rules also raised the minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets from 4% to 6% and include a minimum leverage ratio of 4% for all banking organizations. Regarding the quality of capital, the rules emphasize CET1 capital and implements strict eligibility criteria for regulatory capital instruments. The rules also improve the methodology for calculating risk-weighted assets to enhance risk sensitivity. The rules were subject to a four year phase in period for mandatory compliance and we were required to begin to phase in the rules beginning on January 1, 2015. Management believes, as of March 31, 2022, that we and each of our Subsidiary Banks continue to meet all fully phased-in capital adequacy requirements.

On November 21, 2017, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”), the FRB and the FDIC finalized a proposed rule that extends the current treatment under the regulatory capital rules for certain regulatory capital deductions and risk weights and certain minority interest requirements, as they apply to banking organizations that are not subject to the advanced approaches capital rules. Effective January 1, 2018, the rule also paused the full transition to the Basel III treatment of mortgage servicing assets, certain deferred tax assets, investments in the capital of unconsolidated financial institutions and minority interests. The agencies are also considering whether to make adjustments to the capital rules in response to CECL (the FASB Standard relating to current expected credit loss) and its potential impact on regulatory capital.

On December 7, 2017, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision unveiled the latest round of its regulatory capital framework, commonly called “Basel IV.” The framework makes changes to the capital framework first introduced as “Basel III” in 2010. The committee targeted 2022-2027 as the timeframe for implementation by regulators in individual countries, including the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies (after notice and comment).

40

In December 2018, the federal banking regulators issued a final rule that would provide an optional three-year phase-in period for the day-one regulatory capital effects of the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13 to ASC 326, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses,” as amended, on January 1, 2020.

On May 24, 2018, the EGRRCPA was enacted and, among other things, it includes a simplified capital rule change which effectively exempts banks with assets of less than $10 billion that exceed the “community bank leverage ratio,” from all risk-based capital requirements, including Basel III and its predecessors. The federal banking agencies must establish the “community bank leverage ratio” (a ratio of tangible equity to average consolidated assets) between 8% and 10% before community banks can begin to take advantage of this regulatory relief provision. Some of the Subsidiary Banks, with assets of less than $10 billion, may qualify for this exemption. Additionally, under the EGRRCPA, qualified bank holding companies with assets of up to $3 billion (currently $1 billion) will be eligible for the Federal Reserve’s Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement, which eases limitations on the issuance of debt by holding companies. On August 28, 2018, the Federal Reserve issued an interim final rule expanding the applicability of its Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement. While holding companies that meet the conditions of the policy statement are excluded from consolidated capital requirements, their depository institutions continue to be subject to minimum capital requirements. Finally, for banks that continue to be subject to the risk-based capital rules of Basel III (e.g., 150%), certain commercial real estate loans that were formally classified as high volatility commercial real estate 31 (“HVCRE”) will not be subject to heightened risk weights if they meet certain criteria. Also, while acquisition, development, and construction (“ADC”) loans will generally be subject to heightened risk weights, certain exceptions will apply. On September 18, 2018, the federal banking agencies issued a proposed rule modifying the agencies’ capital rules for HVCRE.

We had a CET1 to risk-weighted assets ratio of 20.06% on March 31, 2022 and 20.47% on December 31, 2021. We had a Tier 1 capital-to-average-total-asset (leverage) ratio of 13.87% and 13.94%, risk-weighted Tier 1 capital ratio of 21.12% and 21.59% and risk-weighted total capital ratio of 22.24% and 22.73% at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Our CET1 capital consists of common stock and related surplus, net of treasury stock, and retained earnings. We and our Subsidiary Banks elected to opt-out of the requirement to include most components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the calculation of CET1 capital. CET1 is reduced by goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities and subject to transition provisions. Tier 1 capital includes CET1 capital and additional Tier 1 capital. Additional Tier 1 capital includes the Capital and Common Securities issued by the Trusts (see Note 8 above) up to a maximum of 25% of Tier 1 capital on an aggregate basis. Any amount that exceeds the 25% threshold qualifies as Tier 2 capital. As of March 31, 2022, the total of $134,642,000 of the Capital and Common Securities outstanding qualified as Tier 1 capital. We actively monitor the regulatory capital ratios to ensure that our Subsidiary Banks are well-capitalized under the regulatory framework.

The CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratios are calculated by dividing the respective capital amounts by risk-weighted assets. Risk-weighted assets are calculated based on regulatory requirements and include total assets, excluding goodwill and other intangible assets, allocated by risk-weight category, and certain off-balance-sheet items, among other things. The leverage ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by adjusted quarterly average total assets, which exclude goodwill and other intangible assets, among other things.

We and our Subsidiary Banks are subject to the regulatory capital requirements administered by the Federal Reserve, and, for our Subsidiary Banks, the FDIC. Regulatory authorities can initiate certain mandatory actions if we or any of our Subsidiary Banks fail to meet the minimum capital requirements, which could have a direct material effect on our financial statements. Management believes, as of March 31, 2022, that we and each of our Subsidiary Banks continue to meet all capital adequacy requirements to which we are subject.

We will continue to monitor the volatility and cost of funds in an attempt to match maturities of rate-sensitive assets and liabilities, and respond accordingly to anticipate fluctuations in interest rates by adjusting the balance between sources and uses of funds as deemed appropriate. The net-interest rate sensitivity as of March 31, 2022 is illustrated in the table entitled “Interest Rate Sensitivity,” below. This information reflects the balances of assets and liabilities for which rates are subject to change. A mix of assets and liabilities that are roughly equal in volume and re-pricing characteristics represents a matched interest rate sensitivity position. Any excess of assets or liabilities results in an interest rate sensitivity gap.

41

We undertake an interest rate sensitivity analysis to monitor the potential risk on future earnings resulting from the impact of possible future changes in interest rates on currently existing net asset or net liability positions. However, this type of analysis is as of a point-in-time position, when in fact that position can quickly change as market conditions, customer needs, and management strategies change. Thus, interest rate changes do not affect all categories of assets and liabilities equally or at the same time. As indicated in the table, we are asset sensitive in both the short and long term scenarios. Our Asset and Liability Committee semi-annually reviews the consolidated position along with simulation and duration models, and makes adjustments as needed to control our interest rate risk position. We use modeling of future events as a primary tool for monitoring interest rate risk.

Interest Rate Sensitivity

(Dollars in Thousands)

	Rate/Maturity
			Over 3		Over 1
	3 Months		Months to		Year to 5		Over 5
March 31, 2022	or Less		1 Year		Years		Years		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Rate sensitive assets
Investment securities	$	220,353	$	666,798	$	3,221,511	$	42,545	$	4,151,207
Loans, net of non-accruals		5,823,894		225,697		204,321		792,435		7,046,347
Total earning assets	$	6,044,247	$	892,495	$	3,425,832	$	834,980	$	11,197,554
Cumulative earning assets	$	6,044,247	$	6,936,742	$	10,362,574	$	11,197,554
Rate sensitive liabilities
Time deposits	$	974,782	$	1,084,560	$	137,125	$	12	$	2,196,479
Other interest bearing deposits		4,561,651		—		—		—		4,561,651
Securities sold under repurchase agreements		490,091		—		—		—		490,091
Other borrowed funds		—		—		—		436,090		436,090
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures		134,642		—		—		—		134,642
Total interest bearing liabilities	$	6,161,166	$	1,084,560	$	137,125	$	436,102	$	7,818,953
Cumulative sensitive liabilities	$	6,161,166	$	7,245,726	$	7,382,851	$	7,818,953
Repricing gap	$	(116,919)	$	(192,065)	$	3,288,707	$	398,878	$	3,378,601
Cumulative repricing gap		(116,919)		(308,984)		2,979,723		3,378,601
Ratio of interest-sensitive assets to liabilities		0.98		0.82		24.98		1.91		1.43
Ratio of cumulative, interest-sensitive assets to liabilities		0.98		0.96		1.40		1.43

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, there were no material changes in market risk exposures that affected the quantitative and qualitative disclosures regarding market risk presented under the caption “Liquidity and Capital Resources” located on pages 17 through 21 of our 2021 Annual Report as filed as Exhibit 13 to our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within specified time periods. As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer evaluated, with the participation of our management, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)). Based on the evaluation, which disclosed no material weaknesses, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are involved in various legal proceedings that are in various stages of litigation. We have determined, based on discussions with our counsel that any material loss in any current legal proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, is remote or the damages sought, even if fully recovered, would not be considered material to our consolidated financial position or results of operations. However, many of these matters are in various stages of proceedings and further developments could cause management to revise its assessment of these matters.

1A. Risk Factors

There were no material changes in the risk factors as previously disclosed in Item 1A to Part I of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

In April 2009, the Board of Directors re-established a formal stock repurchase program that authorized the repurchase of up to $40 million of common stock within the following 12 months. Annually since then, including on February 23, 2022, the Board of Directors extended the repurchase program, and increased the program this year to purchase up to $150 million of common stock during the 12-month period commencing on March 15, 2022. Shares of common stock may be purchased from time to time on the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. Shares purchased in this program will be held in treasury for reissue for various corporate purposes, including employee compensation plans. During the first quarter of 2022, the Board of Directors adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, and intends to adopt additional Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, that will allow us to purchase shares of our common stock during certain trading blackout periods when we ordinarily would not be in the market due to trading restrictions in our insider trading policy. During the term of a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, purchases of common stock are automatic to the extent the conditions of the plan’s trading instructions are met. Shares purchased under the Rule 10b5-1 trading plan will be held in treasury for reissue for various corporate purposes, including employee stock compensation plans. As of May 2, 2022, a total of 12,498,452 shares had been repurchased under all programs at a cost of $366,433,000. We are not obligated to purchase shares under our stock repurchase program outside of its Rule 10b5-1 trading plan.

Except for repurchases in connection with the administration of an employee benefit plan in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practices, common stock repurchases are only conducted under publicly announced

43

repurchase programs approved by the Board of Directors. The following table includes information about common stock share repurchases for the quarter ended March 31, 2022.

				Total Number of
				Shares
				Purchased as	Approximate
		Average		Part of a	Dollar Value of
	Total Number	Price Paid		Publicly-	Shares Available
	of Shares	Per		Announced	for
	Purchased	Share		Program	Repurchase(1)
January 1 – January 31, 2022	—	$	—	—	$	49,332,000
February 1 – February 28, 2022	15,066		39.05	—		48,744,000
March 1 – March 31, 2022	68,000		41.05	—		150,000,000
Total	83,066	$	40.69	—

(1) The repurchase program was extended and increased on February 23, 2022 and allows for the purchase of up to an additional $150,000,000 of common stock through March 15, 2023.

44

Item 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as a part of this Report:

31(a) —Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31(b) —Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32(a) —Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32(b) —Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101++ — Interactive Data File

104++ — Cover Page Interactive Data File (included in Exhibit 101)

++ Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following documents formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Cover Page to this Form 10-Q; (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021; (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021; and (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021.

45

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION
Date:	May 5, 2022	/s/ Dennis E. Nixon
		Dennis E. Nixon
		President
Date:	May 5, 2022	/s/ Judith I. Wawroski
		Judith I. Wawroski
		Treasurer

46

EX-31.A

Exhibit 31(a)

Certification of Chief Executive Officer

pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Dennis E. Nixon, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this report on form 10-Q of International Bancshares Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 5, 2022

/s/ Dennis E. Nixon

Dennis E. Nixon

President (Chief Executive Officer)

EX-31.B

Exhibit 31(b)

Certification of Chief Financial Officer

pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Judith I. Wawroski, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this report on form 10-Q of International Bancshares Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 5, 2022

/s/ Judith I. Wawroski

Judith I. Wawroski

Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.A

Exhibit 32(a)

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of International Bancshares Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Dennis E. Nixon, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m(a) or 78o(d)), as applicable; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

By:	/s/ Dennis E. Nixon
	Dennis E. Nixon
	President
Date:	May 5, 2022

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely to accompany the Report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, and not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, whether on, before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.B

Exhibit 32(b)

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of International Bancshares Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Judith I. Wawroski, Principal Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m(a) or 78o(d)), as applicable; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Ay 9
	By:	/s/ Judith I. Wawroski
		Judith I. Wawroski
		Treasurer
	Date:	May 5, 2022

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely to accompany the Report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, and not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, whether on, before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	May 02, 2022
Document and Entity Information
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2022
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	000-09439
Entity Registrant Name	INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	TX
Entity Tax Identification Number	74-2157138
Entity Address, Address Line One	1200 San Bernardo Avenue
Entity Address, City or Town	Laredo
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	78042-1359
City Area Code	956
Local Phone Number	722-7611
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $1.00 par value
Trading Symbol	IBOC
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		63,172,175
Entity Central Index Key	0000315709
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false

XML

Consolidated Statements of Condition - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 3,448,199,000	$ 3,209,242,000
Investment securities:
Held to maturity debt securities (Market value of $3,400 on March 31, 2022 and $3,400 on December 31, 2021)	3,400,000	3,400,000
Available for sale debt securities (Amortized cost of $4,404,302 on March 31, 2022 and $4,254,960 on December 31, 2021)	4,141,997,000	4,213,920,000
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values	5,810,000	6,079,000
Total investment securities	4,151,207,000	4,223,399,000
Loans	7,048,277,000	7,209,151,000
Less allowance for credit losses	(110,227,000)	(110,374,000)
Net loans	6,938,050,000	7,098,777,000
Bank premises and equipment, net	438,147,000	447,082,000
Accrued interest receivable	27,555,000	30,593,000
Other investments	353,185,000	296,882,000
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies	298,863,000	297,218,000
Goodwill	282,532,000	282,532,000
Other assets	198,951,000	160,511,000
Total assets	16,136,689,000	16,046,236,000
Deposits:
Demand-non-interest bearing	6,037,206,000	5,838,526,000
Savings and interest bearing demand	4,561,651,000	4,590,548,000
Time	2,196,479,000	2,188,803,000
Total deposits	12,795,336,000	12,617,877,000
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	490,091,000	439,672,000
Other borrowed funds	436,090,000	436,138,000
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	134,642,000	134,642,000
Other liabilities	132,851,000	109,426,000
Total liabilities	13,989,010,000	13,737,755,000
Shareholders' equity:
Common shares of $1.00 par value. Authorized 275,000,000 shares; issued 96,357,314 shares on March 31, 2022 and 96,350,977 shares on December 31, 2021	96,357,000	96,351,000
Surplus	152,405,000	152,144,000
Retained earnings	2,486,177,000	2,470,710,000
Accumulated other comprehensive income	(205,136,000)	(31,980,000)
Total shareholders' equity before treasury stock	2,529,803,000	2,687,225,000
Less cost of shares in treasury, 33,062,339 shares on March 31, 2022 and 32,979,273 on December 31, 2021	(382,124,000)	(378,744,000)
Total shareholders' equity	2,147,679,000	2,308,481,000
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$ 16,136,689,000	$ 16,046,236,000

XML

Consolidated Statements of Condition (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Consolidated Statements of Condition
Held to maturity, Market value (in dollars)	$ 3,400	$ 3,400
Available for sale, Amortized cost (in dollars)	$ 4,404,302	$ 4,254,960
Common shares, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 1.00	$ 1.00
Common shares, Authorized shares	275,000,000	275,000,000
Common shares, issued shares	96,357,314	96,350,977
Treasury, shares	33,062,339	32,979,273

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Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Interest income:
Loans, including fees	$ 81,488	$ 92,114
Investment securities:
Taxable	13,190	4,875
Tax-exempt	350	395
Other interest income	1,404	490
Total interest income	96,432	97,874
Interest expense:
Savings deposits	1,101	929
Time deposits	2,504	3,198
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	184	141
Other borrowings	1,888	1,889
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	709	708
Total interest expense	6,386	6,865
Net interest income	90,046	91,009
Provision for credit losses	1,481	1,192
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	88,565	89,817
Non-interest income:
Investment securities transactions, net		(4)
Other investments, net	2,882	4,085
Other income	9,092	3,630
Total non-interest income	43,512	36,237
Non-interest expense:
Employee compensation and benefits	31,119	30,162
Occupancy	6,272	5,617
Depreciation of bank premises and equipment	5,475	6,799
Professional fees	2,318	2,836
Deposit insurance assessments	1,057	887
Net operations, other real estate owned	(408)	1,245
Advertising	1,440	1,423
Software and software maintenance	4,177	4,440
Other	12,668	8,776
Total non-interest expense	64,118	62,185
Income before income taxes	67,959	63,869
Provision for income taxes	14,466	13,098
Net income	$ 53,493	$ 50,771
Basic earnings per common share:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding (in shares)	63,352,240	63,307,455
Net income (in dollars per share)	$ 0.84	$ 0.80
Fully diluted earnings per common share:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding (in shares)	63,498,268	63,419,706
Net income (in dollars per share)	$ 0.84	$ 0.80
Services charges on deposit accounts
Non-interest income:
Service charges	$ 17,257	$ 14,903
Other service charges, commissions and fees, Banking
Non-interest income:
Service charges	12,516	12,183
Other service charges, commissions and fees, Non-banking
Non-interest income:
Service charges	$ 1,765	$ 1,440

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Net income	$ 53,493	$ 50,771
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Net unrealized holding losses on securities available for sale arising during period (net of tax effects of $(46,029), and $(801))	(173,156)	(3,015)
Reclassification adjustment for losses on securities available for sale included in net income (net of tax effects of $0 and $1)		3
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	(173,156)	(3,012)
Comprehensive (loss) income	$ (119,663)	$ 47,759

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities available for sale arising during period, tax effects	$ (46,029)	$ (801)
Reclassification adjustment for losses on securities available for sale included in net income, tax effects	$ 0	$ 1

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Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Member]	Treasury Stock [Member]	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 96,241	$ 149,334	$ 2,289,626	$ 20,825	$ (378,028)	$ 2,177,998
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020	96,241
Increase (decrease) in shareholders' equity
Net income			50,771			50,771
Dividends:
Cash			(34,813)			(34,813)
Purchase of treasury stock					(48)	(48)
Exercise of stock options	$ 71	1,479				1,550
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	71
Stock compensation expense recognized in earnings		159				159
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Net change in unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities, net of reclassification adjustments				(3,012)		(3,012)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2021	$ 96,312	150,972	2,305,584	17,813	(378,076)	2,192,605
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2021	96,312
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 96,351	152,144	2,470,710	(31,980)	(378,744)	2,308,481
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	96,351
Increase (decrease) in shareholders' equity
Net income			53,493			53,493
Dividends:
Cash			(38,026)			(38,026)
Purchase of treasury stock					(3,380)	(3,380)
Exercise of stock options	$ 6	140				146
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	6
Stock compensation expense recognized in earnings		121				121
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Net change in unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities, net of reclassification adjustments				(173,156)		(173,156)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 96,357	$ 152,405	$ 2,486,177	$ (205,136)	$ (382,124)	$ 2,147,679
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022	96,357

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Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity
Cash Dividends (in dollars per share)	$ 0.60	$ 0.55
Purchase of treasury stock (in shares)	83,066	999

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Operating activities:
Net income	$ 53,493,000	$ 50,771,000
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit loss	1,481,000	1,192,000
Specific reserve, other real estate owned		150,000
Depreciation of bank premises and equipment	5,475,000	6,799,000
Gain on sale of bank premises and equipment	(2,991,000)	(34,000)
Gain on sale of other real estate owned	(777,000)	(219,000)
Accretion of investment securities discounts	(235,000)	(138,000)
Amortization of investment securities premiums	5,262,000	11,576,000
Investment securities transactions, net		4,000
Unrealized loss on equity securities with readily determinable fair values	269,000	77,000
Proceeds from settlements of claims		2,870,000
Stock based compensation expense	121,000	159,000
Earnings from affiliates and other investments	(2,474,000)	(2,448,000)
Deferred income taxes	80,000	(64,000)
Decrease in accrued interest receivable	3,038,000	6,091,000
(Increase) decrease in other assets	(4,455,000)	9,931,000
Increase in other liabilities	20,810,000	8,788,000
Net cash provided by operating activities	79,097,000	95,505,000
Investing activities:
Proceeds from maturities of securities	1,075,000	1,200,000
Proceeds from sales and calls of available for sale securities	0	2,510,000
Purchases of available for sale securities	(362,746,000)	(517,004,000)
Principal collected on mortgage backed securities	207,302,000	568,011,000
Net decrease in loans	159,246,000	60,966,000
Purchases of other investments	(42,043,000)	(34,086,000)
Distributions from other investments	1,583,000	2,201,000
Purchases of bank premises and equipment	(2,486,000)	(1,614,000)
Proceeds from sales of bank premises and equipment	6,461,000	34,000
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned	4,898,000	1,544,000
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(26,710,000)	83,762,000
Financing activities:
Net increase in non-interest bearing demand deposits	198,680,000	506,083,000
Net (decrease) increase in savings and interest bearing demand deposits	(28,897,000)	262,432,000
Net increase (decrease) in time deposits	7,676,000	(9,395,000)
Net increase in securities sold under repurchase agreements	50,419,000	11,185,000
Net decrease in other borrowed funds	(48,000)	(47,000)
Purchase of treasury stock	(3,380,000)	(48,000)
Proceeds from stock transactions	146,000	1,550,000
Payments of cash dividends	(38,026,000)	(34,813,000)
Net cash provided by financing activities	186,570,000	736,947,000
Increase in cash and cash equivalents	238,957,000	916,214,000
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	3,209,242,000	1,997,238,000
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	3,448,199,000	2,913,452,000
Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid	6,297,000	7,984,000
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of available-for-sale securities not yet settled		100,933,000
Net transfers from loans to other real estate owned		$ 16,587,000
Net transfers from bank premises and equipment to other assets	$ 2,476,000

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Basis of Presentation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

Note 1 — Basis of Presentation

Our accounting and reporting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and to general practices within the banking industry. Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of International Bancshares Corporation, and our wholly-owned bank subsidiaries, International Bank of Commerce, Laredo (“IBC”), Commerce Bank, International Bank of Commerce, Zapata, International Bank of Commerce, Brownsville, International Bank of Commerce, Oklahoma (the “Subsidiary Banks”) and our wholly-owned non-bank subsidiaries, IBC Trading Company, Premier Tierra Holdings, Inc., IBC Charitable and Community Development Corporation, Emerald Galveston Holdings, LLC, IBC Capital Corporation, and Diamond Beach Holdings, LLC. Our consolidated financial statements are unaudited, but include all adjustments, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the periods presented. All such adjustments were of a normal and recurring nature. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto in our latest Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our consolidated statement of condition at December 31, 2021 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) for complete financial statements. Certain reclassifications have been made to make prior periods comparable. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2022 or any future period.

We operate as one segment. The operating information used by our chief executive officer for purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions is the consolidated statements presented in this report. We have five active operating subsidiaries, the Subsidiary Banks. We apply the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), FASB ASC 280, “Segment Reporting,” in determining our reportable segments and related disclosures.

We have evaluated all events or transactions that occurred through the date we issued these financial statements. During this period, we did not have any material recognizable or non-recognizable subsequent events.

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Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

Note 2 — Fair Value Measurements

ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 applies to all financial instruments that are being measured and reported on a fair value basis. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date; it also establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in valuation methodologies into the following three levels:

● Level 1 Inputs - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

● Level 2 Inputs - Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

● Level 3 Inputs - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or other valuation techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

A description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy is set forth below.

The following table represents assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated balance sheets at their fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2022 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at
			Reporting Date Using
			(in Thousands)
			Quoted
			Prices in
			Active		Significant
	Assets/Liabilities		Markets for		Other		Significant
	Measured at		Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Fair Value		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	March 31, 2022		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Measured on a recurring basis:
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,099	$	—	$	49,099	$	—
Residential mortgage-backed securities		4,050,353		—		4,050,353		—
States and political subdivisions		42,545		—		42,545		—
Equity Securities		5,810		5,810		—		—
	$	4,147,807	$	5,810	$	4,141,997	$	—

The following table represents assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated balance sheets at their fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2021 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at
			Reporting Date Using
			(in Thousands)
			Quoted
			Prices in
			Active		Significant
	Assets/Liabilities		Markets for		Other		Significant
	Measured at		Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Fair Value		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	December 31, 2021		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Measured on a recurring basis:
Assets:
Available for sale securities
Residential mortgage - backed securities	$	4,169,363	$	—	$	4,169,363	$	—
States and political subdivisions		44,557		—		44,557		—
Equity Securities		6,079		6,079		—		—
	$	4,219,999	$	6,079	$	4,213,920	$	—

Available-for-sale debt securities are classified within Level 1 or 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are classified within Level 1. For debt investments classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, we obtain fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things.

Certain financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment).

The following table represents financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of and for the period ended March 31, 2022 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting
			Date Using
			(in thousands)
			Quoted
	Assets/Liabilities		Prices in
	Measured at		Active		Significant
	Fair Value		Markets for		Other		Significant		Net Provision
	Period ended		Identical		Observable		Unobservable		(Credit)
	March 31,		Assets		Inputs		Inputs		During
	2022		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Period
Measured on a non-recurring basis:
Assets:
Watch-List doubtful loans	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Other real estate owned	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

The following table represents financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of and for the period ended December 31, 2021 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting
			Date Using
			(in thousands)
			Quoted
	Assets/Liabilities		Prices in
	Measured at		Active		Significant
	Fair Value		Markets		Other		Significant		Net (Credit)
	Year ended		for Identical		Observable		Unobservable		Provision
	December 31,		Assets		Inputs		Inputs		During
	2021		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Period
Measured on a non-recurring basis:
Assets:
Watch-List doubtful loans	$	55	$	—	$	—	$	55	$	209
Other real estate owned		18,095		—		—		18,095		2,655

Our assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are limited to loans classified as Watch List – Doubtful and other real estate owned. The fair value of Watch List-Doubtful loans is derived in accordance with FASB ASC 310, “Receivables”. They are primarily comprised of collateral-dependent commercial loans. As the primary sources of loan repayments decline, the secondary repayment source, the collateral, takes on greater significance. Correctly evaluating the fair value becomes even more important. Re-measurement of the loan to fair value is done through a specific valuation allowance included in the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”). The fair value of the loan is based on the fair value of the collateral, as determined through either an appraisal or evaluation process. The basis for our appraisal and appraisal review process is based on regulatory guidelines and strives to comply with all regulatory appraisal laws, regulations, and the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice. All appraisals and evaluations are “as is” (the property’s highest and best use) valuations based on the current conditions of the property/project at that point in time. The determination of the fair value of the collateral is based on the net realizable value, which is the appraised value less any closing costs, when applicable. As of March 31, 2022, we had $859,000 of doubtful commercial collateral dependent loans, of which $0 had an appraisal performed within the immediately preceding twelve months, and of which $859,000 had an evaluation performed within the immediately preceding twelve months. As of December 31, 2021, we had approximately $993,000 of doubtful commercial collateral dependent loans, of which $0 had an appraisal performed within the immediately preceding twelve months and of which $896,000 had an evaluation performed within the immediately preceding twelve months.

Our determination to either seek an appraisal or to perform an evaluation begins in weekly credit quality meetings, where the committee analyzes the existing collateral values of the doubtful loans and where obsolete appraisals are identified. In order to determine whether we would obtain a new appraisal or perform an internal evaluation to determine the fair value of the collateral, the credit committee reviews the existing appraisal to determine if the collateral value is reasonable in view of the current use of the collateral and the economic environment related to the collateral. If the analysis of the existing appraisal does not find that the collateral value is reasonable under the current circumstances, we would obtain a new appraisal on the collateral or perform an internal evaluation of the collateral. The ultimate decision to get a new appraisal rests with the independent credit administration group. A new appraisal is not required if an internal evaluation, as performed by in-house experts, is able to appropriately update the original appraisal assumptions to reflect current market conditions and provide an estimate of the collateral’s market value for analysis of the doubtful loan. The internal evaluations must be in writing and contain sufficient information detailing the analysis, assumptions and conclusions, and they must support performing an evaluation in lieu of ordering a new appraisal.

Other real estate owned is comprised of real estate acquired by foreclosure and deeds in lieu of foreclosure. Other real estate owned is carried at the lower of the recorded investment in the property or its fair value less estimated costs to sell such property (as determined by independent appraisal) within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Prior to foreclosure, the value of the underlying loan is written down to the fair value of the real estate to be acquired by a charge to the ACL, if necessary. The fair value is reviewed periodically and subsequent write-downs are made, accordingly, through a charge to operations. Other real estate owned is included in other assets on the consolidated financial statements. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, we recorded $0 and $2,000, respectively, in charges to the ACL in connection with loans transferred to other real estate owned. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, we recorded $0 and $2,655,000, respectively, in adjustments to fair value in connection with other real estate owned.

The fair value estimates, methods, and assumptions for our financial instruments at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are outlined below.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For these short-term instruments, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Time Deposits with Banks

The carrying amounts of time deposits with banks approximate fair value.

Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity

The carrying amounts of investments held-to-maturity approximate fair value.

Investment Securities

For investment securities, which include U.S. Treasury securities, obligations of other U.S. government agencies, obligations of states and political subdivisions and mortgage pass-through and related securities, fair values are from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things. See disclosures of fair value of investment securities in Note 6.

Loans

Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type, such as commercial, real estate and consumer loans, as outlined by regulatory reporting guidelines. Each category is segmented into fixed and variable interest rate terms and by performing and non-performing categories.

For variable rate performing loans, the carrying amount approximates the fair value. For fixed-rate performing loans, except residential mortgage loans, the fair value is calculated by discounting scheduled cash flows through the estimated maturity using estimated market discount rates that reflect the credit and interest rate risk inherent in the loan. For performing residential mortgage loans, fair value is estimated by discounting contractual cash flows adjusted for prepayment estimates using discount rates based on secondary market sources or the primary origination market. Fixed-rate performing loans are within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the carrying amount of fixed rate performing loans was $1,241,754,000 and $1,363,313,000, respectively, and the estimated fair value was $1,195,609,000 and $1,323,223,000, respectively.

Accrued Interest

The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate fair value.

Deposits

The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as non-interest bearing demand deposit accounts, savings accounts and interest bearing demand deposit accounts, was equal to the amount payable on demand as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The fair value of time deposits is based on the discounted value of contractual cashflows. The discount rate is based on currently offered rates. Time deposits are within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the carrying amount of time deposits was $2,196,479,000 and $2,188,803,000, respectively, and the estimated fair value was $2,194,923,000 and $2,186,547,000, respectively.

Securities Sold Under Repurchase Agreements

Securities sold under repurchase agreements are short-term maturities. Due to the contractual terms of the instruments, the carrying amounts approximated fair value at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures

We currently have floating-rate junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures outstanding. Due to the contractual terms of the floating-rate junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures, the carrying amounts approximated fair value at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Other Borrowed Funds

We currently have long-term borrowings issued from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”). The long-term borrowings outstanding at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are fixed-rate borrowings and the fair value is based on established market spreads for similar types of borrowings. The fixed rate long-term borrowings are included in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the carrying amount of the fixed rate long-term FHLB borrowings was $436,090,000 and $436,138,000, respectively, and the estimated fair value was $445,162,000 and $455,187,000, respectively.

Commitments to Extend Credit and Letters of Credit

Commitments to extend credit and fund letters of credit are principally at current interest rates, and, therefore, the carrying amount approximates fair value.

Limitations

Fair value estimates are made at a point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time our entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of our financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current

economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-statement of condition financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Other significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial assets or liabilities include the bank premises and equipment and core deposit value. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the effect of fair value estimates have not been considered in the above estimates.

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Loans

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Loans

Loans

Note 3 — Loans

A summary of loans, by loan type at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is as follows:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2022		2021
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	4,278,715	$	4,497,444
Real estate - mortgage		840,373		867,831
Real estate - construction		1,742,698		1,668,113
Consumer		41,019		40,966
Foreign		145,472		134,797
Total loans	$	7,048,277	$	7,209,151

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Allowance for Credit Losses

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Allowance for Credit Losses

Allowance for Credit Losses

Note 4 — Allowance for Credit Losses

The estimation of the ACL is based on a loss-rate methodology that measures lifetime losses on loan pools that have similar risk characteristics. Loans that do not have similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. The segmentation of the loan portfolio into pools requires a balancing process between capturing similar risk characteristics and containing sufficient loss history to provide meaningful results. Our segmentation starts at the general loan category with further sub-segmentation based on collateral types that may be of meaningful size and/or may contain sufficient differences in risk characteristics based on management’s judgement that would warrant further segmentation. The general loan categories along with primary risk characteristics used in our calculation are as follows:

Commercial and industrial loans. This category includes loans extended to a diverse array of businesses for working capital or equipment purchases. These loans are mostly secured by the collateral pledged by the borrower that is directly related to the business activities of the company such as equipment, accounts receivable and inventory. The borrower’s abilities to generate revenues from equipment purchases, collect accounts receivable, and to turn inventory into sales are risk factors in the repayment of the loan. A small portion of this loan category is related to loans secured by oil & gas production and loans secured by aircraft.

Construction and land development loans. This category includes the development of land from unimproved land to lot development for both residential and commercial use and vertical construction across residential and commercial real estate classes. These loans carry risk of repayment when projects incur cost overruns, have an increase in the price of construction materials, encounter zoning, entitlement and environmental issues, or encounter other factors that may affect the completion of a project on time and on budget. Additionally, repayment risk may be negatively impacted when the market experiences a deterioration in the value of real estate. Risks specifically related to 1-4 family development loans also include mortgage rate risk and the practice by the mortgage industry of more restrictive underwriting standards, which inhibits the buyer from obtaining long term financing creating excessive housing and lot inventory in the market.

Commercial real estate loans. This category includes loans secured by farmland, multifamily properties, owner occupied commercial properties, and non-owner occupied commercial properties. Owner occupied commercial

properties include warehouses often along the border for import/export operations, office space where the borrower is the primary tenant, restaurants and other single-tenant retail. Non-owner occupied commercial properties include hotels, retail centers, office and professional buildings, and leased warehouses. These loans carry risk of repayment when market values deteriorate, the business experiences turnover in key management, the business has an inability to attract or keep occupancy levels stable, or when the market experiences an exit of a specific business type that is significant to the local economy, such as a manufacturing plant.

1-4 family mortgages. This category includes both first and second lien mortgages for the purpose of home purchases or refinancing of existing mortgage loans. A small portion of this loan category is related to home equity lines of credits, lots purchases, and home construction. Loan repayments may be affected by unemployment or underemployment and deteriorating market values of real estate.

Consumer loans. This category includes deposit secured, vehicle secured, and unsecured loans, including overdrafts, made to individuals. Repayment is primarily affected by unemployment or underemployment.

The loan pools are further broken down using a risk-based segmentation based on internal classifications for commercial loans and past due status for consumer mortgage loans. Non-mortgage consumer loans are evaluated as one segment. On a weekly basis, commercial loan past due reports are reviewed by the credit quality committee to determine if a loan has any potential problems and if a loan should be placed on our internal Watch List report. Additionally, our credit department reviews the majority of our loans for proper internal classification purposes regardless of whether they are past due and segregates any loans with potential problems for further review. The credit department will discuss the potential problem loans with the servicing loan officers to determine any relevant issues that were not discovered in the evaluation. Also, an analysis of loans that is provided through examinations by regulatory authorities is considered in the review process. After the above analysis is completed, we will determine if a loan should be placed on an internal Watch List report because of issues related to the analysis of the credit, credit documents, collateral and/or payment history.

Our internal Watch List report is segregated into the following categories: (i) Pass, (ii) Economic Monitoring, (iii) Special Review, (iv) Watch List—Pass, (v) Watch List—Substandard, and (vi) Watch List—Doubtful. The loans placed in the Special Review category and lower rated credits reflect our opinion that the loans reflect potential weakness which require monitoring on a more frequent basis. Credits in those categories are reviewed and discussed on a regular basis, no less frequently than quarterly, with the credit department and the lending staff to determine if a change in category is warranted. The loans placed in the Watch List—Pass category and lower rated credits reflect our opinion that the credit contains weaknesses which represent a greater degree of risk, which warrant “extra attention.” Credits in this category are reviewed and discussed on a regular basis with the credit department and the lending staff to determine if a change in category is warranted. The loans placed in the Watch List—Substandard category are considered to be potentially inadequately protected by the current sound worth and debt service capacity of the borrower or of any pledged collateral. These credit obligations, even if apparently protected by collateral value, have shown defined weaknesses related to adverse financial, managerial, economic, market or political conditions which may jeopardize repayment of principal and interest. Furthermore, there is the possibility that we may sustain some future loss if such weaknesses are not corrected. The loans placed in the Watch List—Doubtful category have shown defined weaknesses and it is likely, based on current information and events, that we will be unable to collect all principal and/or interest amounts contractually due. Watch List—Doubtful loans are placed on non-accrual when they are moved to that category.

For the purposes of the ACL, in order to maintain segments with sufficient history for meaningful results, the credits in the Pass and Economic Monitoring categories are aggregated, the credits in the Special Review and Watch List—Pass credits are aggregated, and the credits in the Watch List—Substandard category remain in their own segment. For loans that are classified as Watch List—Doubtful, management evaluates these credits in accordance with ASC 310-10, “Receivables,” and, if deemed necessary, a specific reserve is allocated to the loan. The specific reserve allocated under ASC 310-10, is based on (i) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; (ii) the loan’s observable market price; or (iii) net realizable value of the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Substantially all of our loans evaluated as Watch List—Doubtful under ASC 310-10 are measured using the fair value of collateral method. In rare cases, we may use other methods to determine the specific reserve of a loan under ASC 310-10 if such loan is not collateral dependent.

Within each collectively evaluated pool, the robustness of the lifetime historical loss-rate is evaluated and, if needed, is supplemented with peer loss rates through a model risk adjustment. Certain qualitative loss factors are then evaluated to incorporate management’s two-year reasonable and supportable forecast period followed by a reversion to the pool’s average lifetime loss-rate. Those qualitative loss factors are: (i) trends in portfolio volume and composition, (ii) volume and trends in classified loans, delinquencies, non-accruals and TDR’s, (iii) concentration risk, (iv) trends in underlying collateral value, (v) changes in policies, procedures, and strategies, and (vi) economic conditions. Qualitative factors also include potential losses stemming from operational risk factors arising from fraud, natural disasters, pandemics and geopolitical events. Should any of the factors considered by management in evaluating the adequacy of the ACL change, our estimate could also change, which could affect the level of future credit loss expense.

We have elected to not measure an ACL for accrued interest receivable given our timely approach in identifying and writing off uncollectible accrued interest. An ACL for off-balance sheet exposure is derived from a projected usage rate of any unfunded commitment multiplied by the historical loss rate, plus model risk adjustment, if any, of the on-balance sheet loan pools.

Our management continually reviews the ACL of the Subsidiary Banks using the amounts determined from the estimates established on specific doubtful loans, the estimate established on quantitative historical loss percentages, and the estimate based on qualitative current conditions and reasonable and supportable two-year forecasted data. Our methodology reverts to the average lifetime loss-rate beyond the forecast period when we can no longer develop reasonable and supportable forecasts. Should any of the factors considered by management in evaluating the adequacy of the estimate for current expected credit losses change, our estimate of current expected credit losses could also change, which could affect the level of future credit loss expense. While the calculation of our ACL utilizes management’s best judgment and all information reasonably available, the adequacy of the ACL is dependent on a variety of factors beyond our control, including, among other things, the performance of the entire loan portfolio, the economy, government actions, changes in interest rates and the view of regulatory authorities towards loan classifications.

A summary of the transactions in the allowance for credit loan losses by loan class is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Domestic														Foreign
			Commercial
			Real Estate:
			Other		Commercial
			Construction &		Real Estate:		Commercial
			Land		Farmland &		Real Estate:		Residential:		Residential:
	Commercial		Development		Commercial		Multifamily		First Lien		Junior Lien		Consumer		Foreign		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	23,178	$	35,390	$	35,654	$	3,291	$	4,073	$	7,754	$	272	$	762	$	110,374
Losses charged to allowance		(2,112)		(2)		—		—		(99)		(28)		(88)		—		(2,329)
Recoveries credited to allowance		602		2		8		—		30		48		11		—		701
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance		(1,510)		—		8		—		(69)		20		(77)		—		(1,628)
Credit loss expense		2,233		982		(808)		(229)		12		(728)		69		(50)		1,481
Balance at March 31, 2022	$	23,901	$	36,372	$	34,854	$	3,062	$	4,016	$	7,046	$	264	$	712	$	110,227

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
	Domestic														Foreign
			Commercial
			Real Estate:
			Other		Commercial
			Construction &		Real Estate:		Commercial
			Land		Farmland &		Real Estate:		Residential:		Residential:
	Commercial		Development		Commercial		Multifamily		First Lien		Junior Lien		Consumer		Foreign		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	21,908	$	37,612	$	30,000	$	5,051	$	3,874	$	9,570	$	291	$	753	$	109,059
Losses charged to allowance		(1,893)		—		(356)		—		(72)		—		(32)		—		(2,353)
Recoveries credited to allowance		458		—		12		—		11		21		8		—		510
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance		(1,435)		—		(344)		—		(61)		21		(24)		—		(1,843)
Credit loss expense		1,690		(3,206)		2,547		884		104		(855)		12		16		1,192
Balance at March 31, 2021	$	22,163	$	34,406	$	32,203	$	5,935	$	3,917	$	8,736	$	279	$	769	$	108,408

The pool specific qualitative loss factors management deemed appropriate for the ACL calculation at December 31, 2021 remained constant in the March 31, 2022 ACL calculation.

The table below provides additional information on the balance of loans individually or collectively evaluated for impairment and their related allowance, by loan class as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	March 31, 2022
	Loans Individually				Loans Collectively
	Evaluated For				Evaluated For
	Impairment				Impairment
	Recorded				Recorded
	Investment		Allowance		Investment		Allowance
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	263	$	29	$	1,461,358	$	23,872
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		567		70		1,742,131		36,302
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		554		—		2,560,990		34,854
Commercial real estate: multifamily		123		—		255,427		3,062
Residential: first lien		207		—		398,642		4,016
Residential: junior lien		—		—		441,524		7,046
Consumer		—		—		41,019		264
Foreign		—		—		145,472		712
Total	$	1,714	$	99	$	7,046,563	$	110,128

	December 31, 2021
	Loans Individually				Loans Collectively
	Evaluated For				Evaluated For
	Impairment				Impairment
	Recorded				Recorded
	Investment		Allowance		Investment		Allowance
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	298	$	29	$	1,501,554	$	23,149
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		589		70		1,667,524		35,320
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		562		—		2,710,494		35,654
Commercial real estate: multifamily		131		—		284,405		3,291
Residential: first lien		87		—		403,571		4,073
Residential: junior lien		—		—		464,173		7,754
Consumer		—		—		40,966		272
Foreign		—		—		134,797		762
Total	$	1,667	$	99	$	7,207,484	$	110,275

The table below provides additional information on loans accounted for on a non-accrual basis by loan class at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	263	$	298
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		567		589
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		554		562
Commercial real estate: multifamily		123		131
Residential: first lien		423		341
Total non-accrual loans	$	1,930	$	1,921

The following table details loans accounted for as “troubled debt restructuring,” segregated by loan class. Loans accounted for as troubled debt restructuring are included in Watch List—Doubtful loans.

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
		(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Residential: first lien	$	1,815	$	2,254
Residential: junior lien		104		105
Consumer		831		878
Foreign		61		16
Total troubled debt restructuring	$	2,811	$	3,253

We have worked with our customers affected by the prolonged economic crisis arising from COVID-19. We have offered and are prepared to continue to offer assistance in accordance with current regulatory guidance. That includes continuously reaching out to our customers and, in some cases, offering deferral plans. As of May 2, 2022, we had approximately $114,705,000 in loans with some degree of payment deferrals in our system. In accordance with interagency regulatory guidance, these short-term deferrals are not considered troubled debt restructurings. The $114,705,000 is comprised primarily of loans related to industries that have been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, including the hospitality sector and special use facilities.

With the passage of the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), administered by the Small Business Association (“SBA”), we assisted our customers with applications for loans through the PPP. PPP loans earn interest at 1% and PPP loans made prior to June 5, 2020 have a two-year term, while those made after June 5, 2020 have a five-year term;

however, PPP loans also include forgiveness provisions that we expect most customers will utilize. Customers began submitting applications for the forgiveness program in the third quarter of 2020. PPP loans were intended to support up to 24 weeks of payroll and certain other costs to help those businesses remain viable and allow their employees to pay their bills. As of May 2, 2022, we had 590 PPP loans totaling approximately $35,793,000 outstanding. The PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government through the SBA.

The Subsidiary Banks charge-off that portion of any loan which management considers to represent a loss as well as that portion of any other loan which is classified as a “loss” by bank examiners. Commercial and industrial or real estate loans are generally considered by management to represent a loss, in whole or part, when an exposure beyond any collateral coverage is apparent and when no further collection of the loss portion is anticipated based on the borrower’s financial condition and general economic conditions in the borrower’s industry. Generally, unsecured consumer loans are charged-off when 90 days past due.

While our management believes that it is generally able to identify borrowers with financial problems reasonably early and to monitor credit extended to such borrowers carefully, there is no precise method of predicting loan losses. The determination that a loan is likely to be uncollectible and that it should be wholly or partially charged-off as a loss is an exercise of judgment. Similarly, the determination of the adequacy of the ACL can be made only on a subjective basis. It is the judgment of our management that the ACL at March 31, 2022 was adequate to absorb probable losses from loans in the portfolio at that date.

The following tables present information regarding the aging of past due loans by loan class at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	March 31, 2022
							90 Days or		Total
	30 - 59		60 - 89		90 Days or		greater &		Past				Total
	Days		Days		Greater		still accruing		Due		Current		Portfolio
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	2,160	$	261	$	442	$	442	$	2,863	$	1,458,757	$	1,461,620
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		1,302		39		536		536		1,877		1,740,821		1,742,698
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		2,973		1,384		337		—		4,694		2,556,851		2,561,545
Commercial real estate: multifamily		10		—		—		—		10		255,540		255,550
Residential: first lien		2,541		693		5,164		4,887		8,398		390,451		398,849
Residential: junior lien		218		420		1,168		1,168		1,806		439,718		441,524
Consumer		243		99		6		6		348		40,671		41,019
Foreign		562		67		215		215		844		144,628		145,472
Total past due loans	$	10,009	$	2,963	$	7,868	$	7,254	$	20,840	$	7,027,437	$	7,048,277

	December 31, 2021
							90 Days or		Total
	30 - 59		60 - 89		90 Days or		greater &		Past				Total
	Days		Days		Greater		still accruing		Due		Current		Portfolio
		(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	2,534	$	303	$	577	$	577	$	3,414	$	1,498,438	$	1,501,852
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		499		334		188		188		1,021		1,667,092		1,668,113
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		18,164		172		644		307		18,980		2,692,076		2,711,056
Commercial real estate: multifamily		—		—		—		—		—		284,536		284,536
Residential: first lien		2,342		1,212		5,129		4,937		8,683		394,975		403,658
Residential: junior lien		747		115		1,055		1,055		1,917		462,256		464,173
Consumer		231		88		4		4		323		40,643		40,966
Foreign		1,319		232		1,574		1,574		3,125		131,672		134,797
Total past due loans	$	25,836	$	2,456	$	9,171	$	8,642	$	37,463	$	7,171,688	$	7,209,151

A summary of the loan portfolio by credit quality indicator by loan class and by year of origination at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is presented below:

		2022	2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at March 31, 2022
Domestic
Commercial
Pass	$	157,913	$	895,087	$	130,593	$	69,495	$	56,082	$	37,946	$	1,347,116
Special Review		81		75,098		492		139		—		—		75,810
Watch List - Pass		29,841		7,087		—		807		—		—		37,735
Watch List - Substandard		—		324		316		—		56		—		696
Watch List - Doubtful		—		206		—		—		—		57		263
Total Commercial	$	187,835	$	977,802	$	131,401	$	70,441	$	56,138	$	38,003	$	1,461,620
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development
Pass	$	170,274	$	996,912	$	206,608	$	295,325	$	33,305	$	16,189	$	1,718,613
Special Review		—		—		—		211		—		—		211
Watch List - Pass		—		—		23,100		—		—		—		23,100
Watch List - Substandard		—		207		—		—		—		—		207
Watch List - Doubtful		—		465		102		—		—		—		567
Total Commercial real estate: other construction & land development	$	170,274	$	997,584	$	229,810	$	295,536	$	33,305	$	16,189	$	1,742,698
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial
Pass	$	220,689	$	721,404	$	639,609	$	280,518	$	403,252	$	167,803	$	2,433,275
Special Review		2,984		1,077		1,272		—		343		60		5,736
Watch List - Pass		51,890		260		9,312		—		—		92		61,554
Watch List - Substandard		—		—		54,053		3,583		—		2,790		60,426
Watch List - Doubtful		—		—		216		337		—		1		554
Total Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial	$	275,563	$	722,741	$	704,462	$	284,438	$	403,595	$	170,746	$	2,561,545
Commercial real estate: multifamily
Pass	$	3,335	$	132,852	$	62,874	$	31,231	$	6,901	$	18,234	$	255,427
Watch List - Doubtful		—		—		123		—		—		—		123
Total Commercial real estate: multifamily	$	3,335	$	132,852	$	62,997	$	31,231	$	6,901	$	18,234	$	255,550
Residential: first lien
Pass	$	61,506	$	89,814	$	58,393	$	47,861	$	39,298	$	100,671	$	397,543
Watch List - Substandard		—		999		—		101		—		—		1,100
Watch List - Doubtful		—		—		83		—		—		123		206
Total Residential: first lien	$	61,506	$	90,813	$	58,476	$	47,962	$	39,298	$	100,794	$	398,849
Residential: junior lien
Pass	$	19,714	$	128,627	$	110,051	$	50,272	$	26,346	$	106,514	$	441,524
Total Residential: junior lien	$	19,714	$	128,627	$	110,051	$	50,272	$	26,346	$	106,514	$	441,524
Residential: junior lien
Consumer
Pass	$	9,251	$	25,436	$	3,552	$	985	$	137	$	1,658	$	41,019
Total Consumer	$	9,251	$	25,436	$	3,552	$	985	$	137	$	1,658	$	41,019
Foreign
Pass	$	39,094	$	71,591	$	16,628	$	6,359	$	6,133	$	5,667	$	145,472
Total Foreign	$	39,094	$	71,591	$	16,628	$	6,359	$	6,133	$	5,667	$	145,472
Total Loans	$	766,572	$	3,147,446	$	1,317,377	$	787,224	$	571,853	$	457,805	$	7,048,277

		2021	2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2021
Domestic
Commercial
Pass	$	1,041,763	$	167,691	$	77,579	$	58,439	$	37,104	$	5,144	$	1,387,720
Special Review		74,559		497		139		81		—		—		75,276
Watch List - Pass		33,920		—		—		—		—		10		33,930
Watch List - Substandard		3,581		273		716		57		—		1		4,628
Watch List - Doubtful		224		—		—		—		74		—		298
Total Commercial	$	1,154,047	$	168,461	$	78,434	$	58,577	$	37,178	$	5,155	$	1,501,852
Commercial
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development
Pass	$	966,946	$	312,389	$	308,673	$	37,124	$	16,642	$	2,439	$	1,644,213
Special Review		—		—		211		—		—		—		211
Watch List - Pass		—		23,100		—		—		—		—		23,100
Watch List - Doubtful		485		104		—		—		—		—		589
Total Commercial real estate: other construction & land development	$	967,431	$	335,593	$	308,884	$	37,124	$	16,642	$	2,439	$	1,668,113
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial
Pass	$	1,001,335	$	680,777	$	288,333	$	417,353	$	96,096	$	97,119	$	2,581,013
Special Review		929		1,292		—		3,448		61		—		5,730
Watch List - Pass		18,790		44,059		—		—		94		1		62,944
Watch List - Substandard		—		54,097		3,899		—		2,355		456		60,807
Watch List - Doubtful		—		224		337		—		—		1		562
Total Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial	$	1,021,054	$	780,449	$	292,569	$	420,801	$	98,606	$	97,577	$	2,711,056
Commercial real estate: multifamily
Pass	$	133,152	$	40,766	$	78,609	$	10,632	$	14,217	$	7,029	$	284,405
Watch List - Doubtful		—		131		—		—		—		—		131
Total Commercial real estate: multifamily	$	133,152	$	40,897	$	78,609	$	10,632	$	14,217	$	7,029	$	284,536
Residential: first lien
Pass	$	128,742	$	52,725	$	57,249	$	49,259	$	29,477	$	85,838	$	403,290
Watch List - Substandard		56		—		103		—		122		—		281
Watch List - Doubtful		—		87		—		—		—		—		87
Total Residential: first lien	$	128,798	$	52,812	$	57,352	$	49,259	$	29,599	$	85,838	$	403,658
Residential: junior lien
Pass	$	130,629	$	123,062	$	59,113	$	30,603	$	40,855	$	79,911	$	464,173
Total Residential: junior lien	$	130,629	$	123,062	$	59,113	$	30,603	$	40,855	$	79,911	$	464,173
Consumer
Pass	$	32,053	$	5,693	$	1,370	$	189	$	9	$	1,652	$	40,966
Total Consumer	$	32,053	$	5,693	$	1,370	$	189	$	9	$	1,652	$	40,966
Foreign
Pass	$	74,811	$	33,360	$	9,223	$	8,852	$	4,790	$	3,761	$	134,797
Total Foreign	$	74,811	$	33,360	$	9,223	$	8,852	$	4,790	$	3,761	$	134,797
Total Loans	$	3,641,975	$	1,540,327	$	885,554	$	616,037	$	241,896	$	283,362	$	7,209,151

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Stock Options

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Stock Options

Stock Options

Note 5 — Stock Options

On April 5, 2012, the Board of Directors adopted the 2012 International Bancshares Corporation Stock Option Plan (the “2012 Plan”). There are 800,000 shares of common stock available for stock option grants under the 2012 Plan, which may be qualified incentive stock options (“ISOs”) or non-qualified stock options. Options granted may be exercisable for a period of up to 10 years from the date of grant, excluding ISOs granted to 10% shareholders, which may be exercisable for a period of up to only five years. As of March 31, 2022, 5,628 shares were available for future grants under the 2012 Plan.

On April 18, 2022, the Board of Directors adopted the 2022 International Bancshares Corporation Stock Appreciation Rights Plan (the “SAR Plan”). There are 750,000 shares of underlying common stock that may be used for stock appreciation rights (“SAR”) grants under the plan, however, no actual shares will be granted. Upon exercise the

SAR will be settled in cash. SARs granted may be exercisable for a period of up to 10 years from the date of grant. No SARs had been issued under the plan as of May 2, 2022.

A summary of option activity under the stock option plan for the three months ended March 31, 2022 is as follows:

				Weighted
		Weighted		average
		average		remaining	Aggregate
	Number of	exercise		contractual	intrinsic
	options	price		term (years)	value ($)
					(in Thousands)
Options outstanding at December 31, 2021	520,551	$	28.28
Plus: Options granted	31,150		38.92
Less:
Options exercised	6,337		23.22
Options expired	—		—
Options forfeited	6,100		32.90
Options outstanding at March 31, 2022	539,264	$	28.90	4.56	$	7,175
Options fully vested and exercisable at March 31, 2022	286,828	$	23.29	2.49	$	5,428

Stock-based compensation expense included in the consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021 was $121,000 and $159,000, respectively. As of March 31, 2022, there was approximately $1,089,000 of total unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to non-vested options granted under our plans that will be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.0 years.

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Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments

Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments

Note 6 — Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments

We classify debt securities into one of three categories: held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, or trading. Such debt securities are reassessed for appropriate classification at each reporting date. Securities classified as “held-to-maturity” are carried at amortized cost for financial statement reporting, while securities classified as “available-for-sale” and “trading” are carried at their fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses are included in net income for those securities classified as “trading,” while unrealized holding gains and losses related to those securities classified as “available-for-sale” are excluded from net income and reported net of tax as other comprehensive income (loss) and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until realized, or in the case of losses, when deemed other than temporary. Available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities in an unrealized loss position are evaluated for the underlying cause of the loss. In the event that the deterioration in value is attributable to credit related reasons, then the amount of credit-related impairment will be recorded as a charge to our ACL with subsequent changes in the amount of impairment, up or down, also recorded through our ACL. We have evaluated the debt securities classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at March 31, 2022 and have determined that no debt securities in an unrealized loss position are arising from credit related reasons and have therefore not recorded any allowances for debt securities in our ACL for the period. Unrealized gains and losses related to equity securities with readily determinable fair values are included in net income.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value by type of investment security at March 31, 2022 are as follows:

	Held to Maturity
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		Estimated		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		fair value		value
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Other securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400
Total investment securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400

	Available for Sale Debt Securities
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		Estimated		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		fair value		value(1)
	(Dollars in Thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,099	$	—	$	—	$	49,099	$	49,099
Residential mortgage-backed securities		4,313,749		2,133		(265,529)		4,050,353		4,050,353
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		41,454		1,091		—		42,545		42,545
Total investment securities	$	4,404,302	$	3,224	$	(265,529)	$	4,141,997	$	4,141,997

(1) Included in the carrying value of residential mortgage-backed securities are $734,878 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae and $3,315,475 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value by type of investment security at December 31, 2021 are as follows:

	Held to Maturity
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		Estimated		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		fair value		value
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Other securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400
Total investment securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400

	Available for Sale
			Gross		Gross		Estimated
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		fair		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		value		value(1)
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	4,213,441	$	14,159	$	(58,237)	$	4,169,363	$	4,169,363
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		41,519		3,038		—		44,557		44,557
Total investment securities	$	4,254,960	$	17,197	$	(58,237)	$	4,213,920	$	4,213,920

(1) Included in the carrying value of residential mortgage-backed securities are $824,474 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae and $3,344,899 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities at March 31, 2022, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

	Held to Maturity				Available for Sale
	Amortized		Estimated		Amortized		Estimated
	Cost		fair value		Cost		fair value
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	2,325	$	2,325	$	—	$	—
Due after one year through five years		1,075		1,075		49,099		49,099
Due after five years through ten years		—		—		—		—
Due after ten years		—		—		41,454		42,545
Residential mortgage-backed securities		—		—		4,313,749		4,050,353
Total investment securities	$	3,400	$	3,400	$	4,404,302	$	4,141,997

Residential mortgage-backed securities are securities primarily issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), or the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”). Investments in residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae are fully guaranteed by the U.S. Government. Investments in residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae are not fully guaranteed by the U.S. Government, however, we believe that the quality of the bonds is similar to other AAA rated bonds with limited credit risk, particularly given the placement of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac into conservatorship by the federal government in early September 2008 and because securities issued by others that are collateralized by residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac are rated consistently as AAA rated securities.

The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale debt investment securities pledged to qualify for fiduciary powers, to secure public monies as required by law, repurchase agreements and short-term fixed borrowings was $1,517,343,000 and $1,405,511,000, respectively, at March 31, 2022.

Proceeds from the sale and calls of debt securities available-for-sale were $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which included $0 of mortgage-backed securities. Gross gains of $0 and gross losses of $0 were realized on the sales and calls for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Proceeds from the sale and call of debt securities available-for-sale were $2,510,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021, which included $0 of mortgage-backed securities. Gross gains of $0 and gross losses of $4 were realized on the sales and calls for the three months ended March 31, 2021, respectively.

Gross unrealized losses on debt investment securities and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual debt securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at March 31, 2022, were as follows:

	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Available for sale:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	3,181,601	$	(237,429)	$	515,872	$	(28,100)	$	3,697,473	$	(265,529)
	$	3,181,601	$	(237,429)	$	515,872	$	(28,100)	$	3,697,473	$	(265,529)

Gross unrealized losses on investment securities and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2021 were as follows:

	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Available for sale:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	3,037,188	$	(53,060)	$	423,733	$	(5,177)	$	3,460,921	$	(58,237)
	$	3,037,188	$	(53,060)	$	423,733	$	(5,177)	$	3,460,921	$	(58,237)

The unrealized losses on investments in residential mortgage-backed securities are primarily caused by changes in market interest rates. We have no intent to sell and will more than likely not be required to sell before a market price recovery or maturity of the securities; therefore, it is our conclusion that the investments in residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae and Ginnie Mae are not considered other-than-temporarily impaired.

Equity securities with readily determinable fair values consist primarily of Community Reinvestment Act funds. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the balance in equity securities with readily determinable fair values recorded at fair value were $5,810,000 and $6,079,000, respectively. The following is a summary of unrealized and realized gains and losses recognized in net income on equity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and the three months ended March 31, 2021:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2022
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Net losses recognized during the period on equity securities	$	(269)
Less: Net gains and (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period		—
Unrealized losses recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date	$	(269)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2021
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Net losses recognized during the period on equity securities	$	(77)
Less: Net gains and (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period		—
Unrealized losses recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date	$	(77)

Other investments include equity and merchant banking investments held by our subsidiary banks and non-banking entities. We hold ownership interests in limited partnerships for the purpose of investing in low-income housing tax credit (“LIHTC”) projects. The partnerships may acquire, construct or rehabilitate housing for low- and moderate-income individuals. We realize a return primarily from federal tax credits and other federal tax deductions associated with the underlying projects. We are a limited partner in the partnerships, and not required to consolidate the entities in our consolidated financial statements. Investments in LIHTC projects totaled $236,397,000 at March 31, 2022 and $179,543,000 at December 31, 2021, and are included in other investments on the consolidated financial statements.

Unfunded commitments to LIHTC projects totaled $55,108,000 at March 31, 2022 and $40,094,000 at December 31, 2021, and are included in other liabilities on the consolidated financial statements.

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Other Borrowed Funds

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Other Borrowed Funds

Other Borrowed Funds

Note 7 — Other Borrowed Funds

Other borrowed funds include FHLB borrowings, which are short-term and long-term borrowings issued by the FHLB of Dallas and the FHLB of Topeka at the market price offered at the time of funding. These borrowings are secured by residential mortgage-backed investment securities and a portion of our loan portfolio. At March 31, 2022, other borrowed funds totaled $436,090,000, a decrease of less than .1% from $436,138,000 at December 31, 2021.

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Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures

Junior Subordinated Interest Deferrable Debentures

Note 8 — Junior Subordinated Interest Deferrable Debentures

As of March 31, 2022, we have five statutory business trusts under the laws of the State of Delaware, for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. The five statutory business trusts we formed (the “Trusts”) have each issued Capital and Common Securities and invested the proceeds thereof in an equivalent amount of junior subordinated debentures (“Debentures”) that we issued. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the principal amount of Debentures outstanding totaled $134,642,000.

The Debentures are subordinated and junior in right of payment to all present and future senior indebtedness (as defined in the respective Indentures) and are pari passu with one another. The interest rate payable on, and the payment terms of the Debentures are the same as the distribution rate and payment terms of the respective issues of Capital and Common Securities issued by the Trusts. We have fully and unconditionally guaranteed the obligations of each of the Trusts with respect to the Capital and Common Securities. We have the right, unless an Event of Default (as defined in the Indentures) has occurred and is continuing, to defer payment of interest on the Debentures for up to twenty consecutive quarterly periods on Trusts VIII, IX, X, XI and XII. If interest payments on any of the Debentures are deferred, distributions on both the Capital and Common Securities related to that Debenture would also be deferred. The redemption prior to maturity of any of the Debentures may require the prior approval of the Federal Reserve and/or other regulatory bodies.

For financial reporting purposes, the Trusts are treated as our investments and not consolidated in our consolidated financial statements. Although the Capital and Common Securities issued by each of the Trusts are not included as a component of shareholders’ equity on the consolidated statement of condition, the Capital and Common Securities are treated as capital for regulatory purposes. Specifically, under applicable regulatory guidelines, the Capital and Common Securities issued by the Trusts qualify as Tier 1 capital up to a maximum of 25% of Tier 1 capital on an aggregate basis. Any amount that exceeds the 25% threshold would qualify as Tier 2 capital. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the total $134,642,000 of the Capital and Common Securities outstanding qualified as Tier 1 capital.

The following table illustrates key information about each of the Capital and Common Securities and their interest rate at March 31, 2022:

	Junior
	Subordinated
	Deferrable
	Interest		Repricing	Interest		Interest				Optional
	Debentures		Frequency	Rate		Rate Index(1)			Maturity Date	Redemption Date(1)
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Trust VIII	$	25,774	Quarterly	3.29	%	LIBOR	+	3.05	October 2033	October 2008
Trust IX		41,238	Quarterly	1.83	%	LIBOR	+	1.62	October 2036	October 2011
Trust X		21,021	Quarterly	1.97	%	LIBOR	+	1.65	February 2037	February 2012
Trust XI		25,990	Quarterly	1.83	%	LIBOR	+	1.62	July 2037	July 2012
Trust XII		20,619	Quarterly	1.97	%	LIBOR	+	1.45	September 2037	September 2012
	$	134,642

(1)   The Capital and Common Securities may be redeemed in whole or in part on any interest payment date after the Optional Redemption Date.

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Common Stock and Dividends

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Common Stock and Dividends

Common Stock and Dividends

Note 9 — Common Stock and Dividends

We paid cash dividends of $.60 per share on February 28, 2022 to record holders of our common stock on February 15, 2022. We paid cash dividends of $.60 on February 17, 2021, to record holders of our common Stock on February 5, 2021.

In April 2009, the Board of Directors re-established a formal stock repurchase program that authorized the repurchase of up to $40 million of common stock within the following 12 months. Annually since then, including on February 23, 2022, the Board of Directors extended and increased the repurchase program to purchase up to $150 million of common stock during the 12-month period commencing on March 15, 2022. Shares of common stock may be purchased from time to time on the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. Shares purchased in this program will be held in treasury for reissue for various corporate purposes, including employee compensation plans. During the first quarter of 2022, the Board of Directors adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, and intends to adopt additional Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, that will allow us to purchase shares of our common stock during certain trading blackout periods when we ordinarily would not be in the market due to trading restrictions in our insider trading policy. During the term of a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, purchases of common stock are automatic to the extent the conditions of the plan’s trading instructions are met. Shares purchased under the Rule 10b5-1 trading plan will be held in treasury for reissue for various corporate purposes, including employee stock compensation plans. As of May 2, 2022, a total of 12,498,452 shares had been repurchased under all programs at a cost of $366,433,000. We are not obligated to purchase shares under our stock repurchase program outside of its Rule 10b5-1 trading plan.

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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities and Other Matters

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Commitments, Contingent Liabilities and Other Matters

Commitments, Contingent Liabilities and Other Matters

Note 10 — Commitments and Contingent Liabilities and Other Tax Matters

We are involved in various legal proceedings that are in various stages of litigation. We have determined, based on discussions with its counsel, that any material loss in such actions, individually or in the aggregate, is remote or the damages sought, even if fully recovered, would not be considered material to our consolidated financial position or results of operations. However, many of these matters are in various stages of proceedings and further developments could cause management to revise its assessment of these matters.

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Capital Requirements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Capital Requirements

Capital Requirements

Note 11 — Capital Ratios

Banks and bank holding companies are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by state and federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items calculated under

regulatory accounting practices. Capital amount and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgements by regulators about components, risk-weighting and other factors.

In July 2013, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) and other regulatory bodies established a new, comprehensive capital framework for U.S. banking organizations, consisting of minimum requirements that increase both the quantity and quality of capital held by banking organizations. The final rules are a result of the implementation of the BASEL III capital reforms and various Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd Frank”) related capital provisions. Consistent with the Basel international framework, the rules include a minimum ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) to risk-weighted assets of 4.5% and a CET1 capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets. The capital conservation buffer began phasing-in on January 1, 2016 at .625% and increased each year until January 1, 2019, when we were required to have a 2.5% capital conservation buffer, effectively resulting in a minimum ratio of CET1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 7% upon full implementation. The rules also raised the minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets from 4% to 6% and include a minimum leverage ratio of 4% for all banking organizations. Regarding the quality of capital, the rules emphasize CET1 capital and implements strict eligibility criteria for regulatory capital instruments. The rules also improve the methodology for calculating risk-weighted assets to enhance risk sensitivity. The rules were subject to a four-year phase in period for mandatory compliance and we were required to begin to phase in the rules beginning on January 1, 2015. We believe that as of March 31, 2022, we continue to meet all fully phased-in capital adequacy requirements.

On November 21, 2017, the OCC, the Federal Reserve and the FDIC finalized a proposed rule that extends the current treatment under the regulatory capital rules for certain regulatory capital deductions and risk weights and certain minority interest requirements, as they apply to banking organizations that are not subject to the advanced approaches capital rules. Effective January 1, 2018, the rule also paused the full transition to the Basel III treatment of mortgage servicing assets, certain deferred tax assets, investments in the capital of unconsolidated financial institutions and minority interests. The agencies are also considering whether to make adjustments to the capital rules in response to CECL (the FASB Standard relating to current expected credit loss) and its potential impact on regulatory capital.

On December 7, 2017, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision unveiled the latest round of its regulatory capital framework, commonly called “Basel IV.” The framework makes changes to the capital framework first introduced as “Basel III” in 2010. The committee targeted 2022-2027 as the timeframe for implementation by regulators in individual countries, including the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies (after notice and comment).

The aforementioned capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions with a ratio of CET1 capital to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the conservation buffer will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall.

As of March 31, 2022, our capital levels continue to exceed all capital adequacy requirements under the Basel III Capital Rules as currently applicable to us.

On May 24, 2018, the EGRRCPA was enacted and, among other things, it includes a simplified capital rule change which effectively exempts banks with assets of less than $10 billion that exceed the “community bank leverage ratio,” from all risk-based capital requirements, including Basel III and its predecessors. The federal banking agencies must establish the “community bank leverage ratio” (a ratio of tangible equity to average consolidated assets) between 8% and 10% before community banks can begin to take advantage of this regulatory relief provision. Some of the Subsidiary Banks, with assets of less than $10 billion, may qualify for this exemption. Additionally, under the EGRRCPA, qualified bank holding companies with assets of up to $3 billion (currently $1 billion) will be eligible for the Federal Reserve’s Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement, which eases limitations on the issuance of debt by holding companies. On August 28, 2018, the Federal Reserve issued an interim final rule expanding the applicability of its Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement. While holding companies that meet the conditions of the policy statement are excluded from consolidated capital requirements, their depository institutions continue to be subject to minimum capital requirements. Finally, for banks that continue to be subject to the risk-based capital rules of Basel III (e.g., 150%), certain commercial real estate loans that were formally classified as high volatility commercial real estate 31 (“HVCRE”) will not be subject to heightened risk weights if they meet certain criteria. Also, while acquisition, development, and construction (“ADC”) loans will generally be subject to heightened risk weights, certain exceptions

will apply. On September 18, 2018, the federal banking agencies issued a proposed rule modifying the agencies’ capital rules for HVCRE.

We had a CET1 to risk-weighted assets ratio of 20.06% on March 31, 2022 and 20.47% on December 31, 2021. We had a Tier 1 capital-to-average-total-asset (leverage) ratio of 13.87% and 13.94%, risk-weighted Tier 1 capital ratio of 21.12% and 21.59% and risk-weighted total capital ratio of 22.24% and 22.73% at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Our CET1 capital consists of common stock and related surplus, net of treasury stock, and retained earnings. We and our Subsidiary Banks elected to opt-out of the requirement to include most components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the calculation of CET1 capital. CET1 is reduced by goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities and subject to transition provisions. Tier 1 capital includes CET1 capital and additional Tier 1 capital. Additional Tier 1 capital includes the Capital and Common Securities issued by the Trusts (see Note 8 above) up to a maximum of 25% of Tier 1 capital on an aggregate basis. Any amount that exceeds the 25% threshold qualifies as Tier 2 capital. As of March 31, 2022, the total of $134,642,000 of the Capital and Common Securities outstanding qualified as Tier 1 capital. We actively monitor the regulatory capital ratios to ensure that our Subsidiary Banks are well-capitalized under the regulatory framework.

The CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratios are calculated by dividing the respective capital amounts by risk-weighted assets. Risk-weighted assets are calculated based on regulatory requirements and include total assets, excluding goodwill and other intangible assets, allocated by risk-weight category, and certain off-balance-sheet items, among other things. The leverage ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by adjusted quarterly average total assets, which exclude goodwill and other intangible assets, among other things.

We and our Subsidiary Banks are subject to the regulatory capital requirements administered by the Federal Reserve, and, for our Subsidiary Banks, the FDIC. Regulatory authorities can initiate certain mandatory actions if we or any of our Subsidiary Banks fail to meet the minimum capital requirements, which could have a direct material effect on our financial statements. Management believes, as of March 31, 2022, that we and each of our Subsidiary Banks meet all capital adequacy requirements to which we are subject.

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Fair Value Measurements

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The following table represents assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated balance sheets at their fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2022 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at
			Reporting Date Using
			(in Thousands)
			Quoted
			Prices in
			Active		Significant
	Assets/Liabilities		Markets for		Other		Significant
	Measured at		Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Fair Value		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	March 31, 2022		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Measured on a recurring basis:
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,099	$	—	$	49,099	$	—
Residential mortgage-backed securities		4,050,353		—		4,050,353		—
States and political subdivisions		42,545		—		42,545		—
Equity Securities		5,810		5,810		—		—
	$	4,147,807	$	5,810	$	4,141,997	$	—

The following table represents assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated balance sheets at their fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2021 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at
			Reporting Date Using
			(in Thousands)
			Quoted
			Prices in
			Active		Significant
	Assets/Liabilities		Markets for		Other		Significant
	Measured at		Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Fair Value		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	December 31, 2021		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Measured on a recurring basis:
Assets:
Available for sale securities
Residential mortgage - backed securities	$	4,169,363	$	—	$	4,169,363	$	—
States and political subdivisions		44,557		—		44,557		—
Equity Securities		6,079		6,079		—		—
	$	4,219,999	$	6,079	$	4,213,920	$	—

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis

The following table represents financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of and for the period ended March 31, 2022 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting
			Date Using
			(in thousands)
			Quoted
	Assets/Liabilities		Prices in
	Measured at		Active		Significant
	Fair Value		Markets for		Other		Significant		Net Provision
	Period ended		Identical		Observable		Unobservable		(Credit)
	March 31,		Assets		Inputs		Inputs		During
	2022		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Period
Measured on a non-recurring basis:
Assets:
Watch-List doubtful loans	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Other real estate owned	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

The following table represents financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of and for the period ended December 31, 2021 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting
			Date Using
			(in thousands)
			Quoted
	Assets/Liabilities		Prices in
	Measured at		Active		Significant
	Fair Value		Markets		Other		Significant		Net (Credit)
	Year ended		for Identical		Observable		Unobservable		Provision
	December 31,		Assets		Inputs		Inputs		During
	2021		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Period
Measured on a non-recurring basis:
Assets:
Watch-List doubtful loans	$	55	$	—	$	—	$	55	$	209
Other real estate owned		18,095		—		—		18,095		2,655

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Loans (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Loans

Summary of loans, by loan type

	March 31,		December 31,
	2022		2021
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	4,278,715	$	4,497,444
Real estate - mortgage		840,373		867,831
Real estate - construction		1,742,698		1,668,113
Consumer		41,019		40,966
Foreign		145,472		134,797
Total loans	$	7,048,277	$	7,209,151

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Allowance for Credit Losses (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Allowance for Credit Losses

Loans individually or collectively evaluated for their impairment and related allowance, by loan class

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Domestic														Foreign
			Commercial
			Real Estate:
			Other		Commercial
			Construction &		Real Estate:		Commercial
			Land		Farmland &		Real Estate:		Residential:		Residential:
	Commercial		Development		Commercial		Multifamily		First Lien		Junior Lien		Consumer		Foreign		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	23,178	$	35,390	$	35,654	$	3,291	$	4,073	$	7,754	$	272	$	762	$	110,374
Losses charged to allowance		(2,112)		(2)		—		—		(99)		(28)		(88)		—		(2,329)
Recoveries credited to allowance		602		2		8		—		30		48		11		—		701
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance		(1,510)		—		8		—		(69)		20		(77)		—		(1,628)
Credit loss expense		2,233		982		(808)		(229)		12		(728)		69		(50)		1,481
Balance at March 31, 2022	$	23,901	$	36,372	$	34,854	$	3,062	$	4,016	$	7,046	$	264	$	712	$	110,227

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
	Domestic														Foreign
			Commercial
			Real Estate:
			Other		Commercial
			Construction &		Real Estate:		Commercial
			Land		Farmland &		Real Estate:		Residential:		Residential:
	Commercial		Development		Commercial		Multifamily		First Lien		Junior Lien		Consumer		Foreign		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	21,908	$	37,612	$	30,000	$	5,051	$	3,874	$	9,570	$	291	$	753	$	109,059
Losses charged to allowance		(1,893)		—		(356)		—		(72)		—		(32)		—		(2,353)
Recoveries credited to allowance		458		—		12		—		11		21		8		—		510
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance		(1,435)		—		(344)		—		(61)		21		(24)		—		(1,843)
Credit loss expense		1,690		(3,206)		2,547		884		104		(855)		12		16		1,192
Balance at March 31, 2021	$	22,163	$	34,406	$	32,203	$	5,935	$	3,917	$	8,736	$	279	$	769	$	108,408

	March 31, 2022
	Loans Individually				Loans Collectively
	Evaluated For				Evaluated For
	Impairment				Impairment
	Recorded				Recorded
	Investment		Allowance		Investment		Allowance
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	263	$	29	$	1,461,358	$	23,872
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		567		70		1,742,131		36,302
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		554		—		2,560,990		34,854
Commercial real estate: multifamily		123		—		255,427		3,062
Residential: first lien		207		—		398,642		4,016
Residential: junior lien		—		—		441,524		7,046
Consumer		—		—		41,019		264
Foreign		—		—		145,472		712
Total	$	1,714	$	99	$	7,046,563	$	110,128

	December 31, 2021
	Loans Individually				Loans Collectively
	Evaluated For				Evaluated For
	Impairment				Impairment
	Recorded				Recorded
	Investment		Allowance		Investment		Allowance
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	298	$	29	$	1,501,554	$	23,149
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		589		70		1,667,524		35,320
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		562		—		2,710,494		35,654
Commercial real estate: multifamily		131		—		284,405		3,291
Residential: first lien		87		—		403,571		4,073
Residential: junior lien		—		—		464,173		7,754
Consumer		—		—		40,966		272
Foreign		—		—		134,797		762
Total	$	1,667	$	99	$	7,207,484	$	110,275

Loans accounted on non-accrual basis, by loan class

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	263	$	298
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		567		589
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		554		562
Commercial real estate: multifamily		123		131
Residential: first lien		423		341
Total non-accrual loans	$	1,930	$	1,921

Loans accounted for as trouble debt restructuring, by loan class

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
		(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Residential: first lien	$	1,815	$	2,254
Residential: junior lien		104		105
Consumer		831		878
Foreign		61		16
Total troubled debt restructuring	$	2,811	$	3,253

Information regarding the aging of past due loans, by loan class

	March 31, 2022
							90 Days or		Total
	30 - 59		60 - 89		90 Days or		greater &		Past				Total
	Days		Days		Greater		still accruing		Due		Current		Portfolio
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	2,160	$	261	$	442	$	442	$	2,863	$	1,458,757	$	1,461,620
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		1,302		39		536		536		1,877		1,740,821		1,742,698
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		2,973		1,384		337		—		4,694		2,556,851		2,561,545
Commercial real estate: multifamily		10		—		—		—		10		255,540		255,550
Residential: first lien		2,541		693		5,164		4,887		8,398		390,451		398,849
Residential: junior lien		218		420		1,168		1,168		1,806		439,718		441,524
Consumer		243		99		6		6		348		40,671		41,019
Foreign		562		67		215		215		844		144,628		145,472
Total past due loans	$	10,009	$	2,963	$	7,868	$	7,254	$	20,840	$	7,027,437	$	7,048,277

	December 31, 2021
							90 Days or		Total
	30 - 59		60 - 89		90 Days or		greater &		Past				Total
	Days		Days		Greater		still accruing		Due		Current		Portfolio
		(Dollars in Thousands)
Domestic
Commercial	$	2,534	$	303	$	577	$	577	$	3,414	$	1,498,438	$	1,501,852
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development		499		334		188		188		1,021		1,667,092		1,668,113
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial		18,164		172		644		307		18,980		2,692,076		2,711,056
Commercial real estate: multifamily		—		—		—		—		—		284,536		284,536
Residential: first lien		2,342		1,212		5,129		4,937		8,683		394,975		403,658
Residential: junior lien		747		115		1,055		1,055		1,917		462,256		464,173
Consumer		231		88		4		4		323		40,643		40,966
Foreign		1,319		232		1,574		1,574		3,125		131,672		134,797
Total past due loans	$	25,836	$	2,456	$	9,171	$	8,642	$	37,463	$	7,171,688	$	7,209,151

Summary of the loan portfolio by credit quality indicator, by loan class

		2022	2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at March 31, 2022
Domestic
Commercial
Pass	$	157,913	$	895,087	$	130,593	$	69,495	$	56,082	$	37,946	$	1,347,116
Special Review		81		75,098		492		139		—		—		75,810
Watch List - Pass		29,841		7,087		—		807		—		—		37,735
Watch List - Substandard		—		324		316		—		56		—		696
Watch List - Doubtful		—		206		—		—		—		57		263
Total Commercial	$	187,835	$	977,802	$	131,401	$	70,441	$	56,138	$	38,003	$	1,461,620
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development
Pass	$	170,274	$	996,912	$	206,608	$	295,325	$	33,305	$	16,189	$	1,718,613
Special Review		—		—		—		211		—		—		211
Watch List - Pass		—		—		23,100		—		—		—		23,100
Watch List - Substandard		—		207		—		—		—		—		207
Watch List - Doubtful		—		465		102		—		—		—		567
Total Commercial real estate: other construction & land development	$	170,274	$	997,584	$	229,810	$	295,536	$	33,305	$	16,189	$	1,742,698
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial
Pass	$	220,689	$	721,404	$	639,609	$	280,518	$	403,252	$	167,803	$	2,433,275
Special Review		2,984		1,077		1,272		—		343		60		5,736
Watch List - Pass		51,890		260		9,312		—		—		92		61,554
Watch List - Substandard		—		—		54,053		3,583		—		2,790		60,426
Watch List - Doubtful		—		—		216		337		—		1		554
Total Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial	$	275,563	$	722,741	$	704,462	$	284,438	$	403,595	$	170,746	$	2,561,545
Commercial real estate: multifamily
Pass	$	3,335	$	132,852	$	62,874	$	31,231	$	6,901	$	18,234	$	255,427
Watch List - Doubtful		—		—		123		—		—		—		123
Total Commercial real estate: multifamily	$	3,335	$	132,852	$	62,997	$	31,231	$	6,901	$	18,234	$	255,550
Residential: first lien
Pass	$	61,506	$	89,814	$	58,393	$	47,861	$	39,298	$	100,671	$	397,543
Watch List - Substandard		—		999		—		101		—		—		1,100
Watch List - Doubtful		—		—		83		—		—		123		206
Total Residential: first lien	$	61,506	$	90,813	$	58,476	$	47,962	$	39,298	$	100,794	$	398,849
Residential: junior lien
Pass	$	19,714	$	128,627	$	110,051	$	50,272	$	26,346	$	106,514	$	441,524
Total Residential: junior lien	$	19,714	$	128,627	$	110,051	$	50,272	$	26,346	$	106,514	$	441,524
Residential: junior lien
Consumer
Pass	$	9,251	$	25,436	$	3,552	$	985	$	137	$	1,658	$	41,019
Total Consumer	$	9,251	$	25,436	$	3,552	$	985	$	137	$	1,658	$	41,019
Foreign
Pass	$	39,094	$	71,591	$	16,628	$	6,359	$	6,133	$	5,667	$	145,472
Total Foreign	$	39,094	$	71,591	$	16,628	$	6,359	$	6,133	$	5,667	$	145,472
Total Loans	$	766,572	$	3,147,446	$	1,317,377	$	787,224	$	571,853	$	457,805	$	7,048,277

		2021	2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Total
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2021
Domestic
Commercial
Pass	$	1,041,763	$	167,691	$	77,579	$	58,439	$	37,104	$	5,144	$	1,387,720
Special Review		74,559		497		139		81		—		—		75,276
Watch List - Pass		33,920		—		—		—		—		10		33,930
Watch List - Substandard		3,581		273		716		57		—		1		4,628
Watch List - Doubtful		224		—		—		—		74		—		298
Total Commercial	$	1,154,047	$	168,461	$	78,434	$	58,577	$	37,178	$	5,155	$	1,501,852
Commercial
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development
Pass	$	966,946	$	312,389	$	308,673	$	37,124	$	16,642	$	2,439	$	1,644,213
Special Review		—		—		211		—		—		—		211
Watch List - Pass		—		23,100		—		—		—		—		23,100
Watch List - Doubtful		485		104		—		—		—		—		589
Total Commercial real estate: other construction & land development	$	967,431	$	335,593	$	308,884	$	37,124	$	16,642	$	2,439	$	1,668,113
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial
Pass	$	1,001,335	$	680,777	$	288,333	$	417,353	$	96,096	$	97,119	$	2,581,013
Special Review		929		1,292		—		3,448		61		—		5,730
Watch List - Pass		18,790		44,059		—		—		94		1		62,944
Watch List - Substandard		—		54,097		3,899		—		2,355		456		60,807
Watch List - Doubtful		—		224		337		—		—		1		562
Total Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial	$	1,021,054	$	780,449	$	292,569	$	420,801	$	98,606	$	97,577	$	2,711,056
Commercial real estate: multifamily
Pass	$	133,152	$	40,766	$	78,609	$	10,632	$	14,217	$	7,029	$	284,405
Watch List - Doubtful		—		131		—		—		—		—		131
Total Commercial real estate: multifamily	$	133,152	$	40,897	$	78,609	$	10,632	$	14,217	$	7,029	$	284,536
Residential: first lien
Pass	$	128,742	$	52,725	$	57,249	$	49,259	$	29,477	$	85,838	$	403,290
Watch List - Substandard		56		—		103		—		122		—		281
Watch List - Doubtful		—		87		—		—		—		—		87
Total Residential: first lien	$	128,798	$	52,812	$	57,352	$	49,259	$	29,599	$	85,838	$	403,658
Residential: junior lien
Pass	$	130,629	$	123,062	$	59,113	$	30,603	$	40,855	$	79,911	$	464,173
Total Residential: junior lien	$	130,629	$	123,062	$	59,113	$	30,603	$	40,855	$	79,911	$	464,173
Consumer
Pass	$	32,053	$	5,693	$	1,370	$	189	$	9	$	1,652	$	40,966
Total Consumer	$	32,053	$	5,693	$	1,370	$	189	$	9	$	1,652	$	40,966
Foreign
Pass	$	74,811	$	33,360	$	9,223	$	8,852	$	4,790	$	3,761	$	134,797
Total Foreign	$	74,811	$	33,360	$	9,223	$	8,852	$	4,790	$	3,761	$	134,797
Total Loans	$	3,641,975	$	1,540,327	$	885,554	$	616,037	$	241,896	$	283,362	$	7,209,151

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Stock Options (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Stock Options

Summary of option activity under stock option plans

				Weighted
		Weighted		average
		average		remaining	Aggregate
	Number of	exercise		contractual	intrinsic
	options	price		term (years)	value ($)
					(in Thousands)
Options outstanding at December 31, 2021	520,551	$	28.28
Plus: Options granted	31,150		38.92
Less:
Options exercised	6,337		23.22
Options expired	—		—
Options forfeited	6,100		32.90
Options outstanding at March 31, 2022	539,264	$	28.90	4.56	$	7,175
Options fully vested and exercisable at March 31, 2022	286,828	$	23.29	2.49	$	5,428

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Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments

Amortized cost and estimated fair value by type of investment security

The amortized cost and estimated fair value by type of investment security at March 31, 2022 are as follows:

	Held to Maturity
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		Estimated		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		fair value		value
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Other securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400
Total investment securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400

	Available for Sale Debt Securities
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		Estimated		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		fair value		value(1)
	(Dollars in Thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	49,099	$	—	$	—	$	49,099	$	49,099
Residential mortgage-backed securities		4,313,749		2,133		(265,529)		4,050,353		4,050,353
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		41,454		1,091		—		42,545		42,545
Total investment securities	$	4,404,302	$	3,224	$	(265,529)	$	4,141,997	$	4,141,997

(1) Included in the carrying value of residential mortgage-backed securities are $734,878 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae and $3,315,475 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value by type of investment security at December 31, 2021 are as follows:

	Held to Maturity
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		Estimated		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		fair value		value
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Other securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400
Total investment securities	$	3,400	$	—	$	—	$	3,400	$	3,400

	Available for Sale
			Gross		Gross		Estimated
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		fair		Carrying
	cost		gains		losses		value		value(1)
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	4,213,441	$	14,159	$	(58,237)	$	4,169,363	$	4,169,363
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		41,519		3,038		—		44,557		44,557
Total investment securities	$	4,254,960	$	17,197	$	(58,237)	$	4,213,920	$	4,213,920

(1) Included in the carrying value of residential mortgage-backed securities are $824,474 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae and $3,344,899 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie.

Amortized cost and fair value of investment securities, by contractual maturity

	Held to Maturity				Available for Sale
	Amortized		Estimated		Amortized		Estimated
	Cost		fair value		Cost		fair value
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	2,325	$	2,325	$	—	$	—
Due after one year through five years		1,075		1,075		49,099		49,099
Due after five years through ten years		—		—		—		—
Due after ten years		—		—		41,454		42,545
Residential mortgage-backed securities		—		—		4,313,749		4,050,353
Total investment securities	$	3,400	$	3,400	$	4,404,302	$	4,141,997

Gross unrealized losses on investment securities and the related fair value

Gross unrealized losses on debt investment securities and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual debt securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at March 31, 2022, were as follows:

	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Available for sale:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	3,181,601	$	(237,429)	$	515,872	$	(28,100)	$	3,697,473	$	(265,529)
	$	3,181,601	$	(237,429)	$	515,872	$	(28,100)	$	3,697,473	$	(265,529)

Gross unrealized losses on investment securities and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2021 were as follows:

	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Available for sale:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	3,037,188	$	(53,060)	$	423,733	$	(5,177)	$	3,460,921	$	(58,237)
	$	3,037,188	$	(53,060)	$	423,733	$	(5,177)	$	3,460,921	$	(58,237)

Summary of unrealized and realized gains and losses recognized in net income on equity securities

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2022
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Net losses recognized during the period on equity securities	$	(269)
Less: Net gains and (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period		—
Unrealized losses recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date	$	(269)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2021
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Net losses recognized during the period on equity securities	$	(77)
Less: Net gains and (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period		—
Unrealized losses recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date	$	(77)

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Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures

Junior subordinated interest deferrable debentures, major types of business trusts

	Junior
	Subordinated
	Deferrable
	Interest		Repricing	Interest		Interest				Optional
	Debentures		Frequency	Rate		Rate Index(1)			Maturity Date	Redemption Date(1)
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Trust VIII	$	25,774	Quarterly	3.29	%	LIBOR	+	3.05	October 2033	October 2008
Trust IX		41,238	Quarterly	1.83	%	LIBOR	+	1.62	October 2036	October 2011
Trust X		21,021	Quarterly	1.97	%	LIBOR	+	1.65	February 2037	February 2012
Trust XI		25,990	Quarterly	1.83	%	LIBOR	+	1.62	July 2037	July 2012
Trust XII		20,619	Quarterly	1.97	%	LIBOR	+	1.45	September 2037	September 2012
	$	134,642

(1)   The Capital and Common Securities may be redeemed in whole or in part on any interest payment date after the Optional Redemption Date.

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Basis of Presentation (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 subsidiary segment
Basis of Presentation
Number of operating segments | segment	1
Number of active operating bank subsidiaries | subsidiary	5

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Fair Value Measurements (Fair Value By Level) (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities	$ 4,141,997,000	$ 4,213,920,000
Equity Securities	5,810,000	6,079,000
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | US Treasury Securities
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities	49,099,000
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Residential Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities	4,050,353,000	4,169,363,000
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | States and Political Subdivisions Debt Securities [Member]
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities	42,545,000	44,557,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member]
Assets:
Equity Securities	5,810,000	6,079,000
Marketable Securities	4,147,807,000	4,219,999,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | US Treasury Securities
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities	49,099,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Residential Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities	4,050,353,000	4,169,363,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | States and Political Subdivisions Debt Securities [Member]
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities	42,545,000	44,557,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Assets:
Equity Securities	5,810,000	6,079,000
Marketable Securities	5,810,000	6,079,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Assets:
Marketable Securities	4,141,997,000	4,213,920,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | US Treasury Securities
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities	49,099,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Residential Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities	4,050,353,000	4,169,363,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | States and Political Subdivisions Debt Securities [Member]
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities	$ 42,545,000	$ 44,557,000

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Fair Value Measurements (Fair Value Measurement and Assumptions) (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Assumptions used in discounted cash flow model to determine fair value of investments classified within level 3
Doubtful and Impaired commercial collateral dependent loans	$ 859,000	$ 993,000
Impaired commercial collateral dependent receivables appraisals to determine fair value within immediately preceding twelve months	0	0
Impaired collateral dependent commercial loans with internal evaluation completed within last twelve months	859,000	896,000
Charges to allowance for probable loan losses in connection with other real estate owned	0	2,000
Adjustment to fair value in connection with other real estate owned	$ 0	2,655,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring [Member]
Assumptions used in discounted cash flow model to determine fair value of investments classified within level 3
Change in net provision, impaired loans		209,000
Change in net provision, other real estate owned		2,655,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Assets:
Watch-List doubtful loans		55,000
Non-financial assets:
Other real estate owned		18,095,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member]
Assets:
Watch-List doubtful loans		55,000
Non-financial assets:
Other real estate owned		$ 18,095,000

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Fair Value Measurements (Other Assumptions) (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Deposits
Carrying amount of time deposits	$ 2,196,479,000	$ 2,188,803,000
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Loans
Carrying amount of fixed rate performing loans	1,241,754,000	1,363,313,000
Estimated fair value of fixed rate performing loans	1,195,609,000	1,323,223,000
Deposits
Carrying amount of time deposits	2,196,479,000	2,188,803,000
Estimated fair value of time deposits	2,194,923,000	2,186,547,000
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Other borrowed funds
Carrying amount of the long-term FHLB borrowings	436,090,000	436,138,000
Estimated fair value of long-term FHLB borrowings	$ 445,162,000	$ 455,187,000

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Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Summary of loans, by loan type
Total loans	$ 7,048,277	$ 7,209,151
Commercial, financial and agricultural
Summary of loans, by loan type
Total loans	4,278,715	4,497,444
Real estate - mortgage
Summary of loans, by loan type
Total loans	840,373	867,831
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
Summary of loans, by loan type
Total loans	1,742,698	1,668,113
Consumer
Summary of loans, by loan type
Total loans	41,019	40,966
Foreign.
Summary of loans, by loan type
Total loans	$ 145,472	$ 134,797

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Allowance for Credit Losses (By Loan Class) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Allowance for Credit Losses
Balance at the beginning of the period	$ 110,374	$ 109,059
Losses charged to allowance	(2,329)	(2,353)
Recoveries credited to allowance	701	510
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance	(1,628)	(1,843)
Credit loss expense	1,481	1,192
Balance at the end of the period	110,227	108,408
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial.
Allowance for Credit Losses
Balance at the beginning of the period	23,178	21,908
Losses charged to allowance	(2,112)	(1,893)
Recoveries credited to allowance	602	458
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance	(1,510)	(1,435)
Credit loss expense	2,233	1,690
Balance at the end of the period	23,901	22,163
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial
Allowance for Credit Losses
Balance at the beginning of the period	35,654	30,000
Losses charged to allowance		(356)
Recoveries credited to allowance	8	12
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance	8	(344)
Credit loss expense	(808)	2,547
Balance at the end of the period	34,854	32,203
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: multifamily
Allowance for Credit Losses
Balance at the beginning of the period	3,291	5,051
Credit loss expense	(229)	884
Balance at the end of the period	3,062	5,935
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development
Allowance for Credit Losses
Balance at the beginning of the period	35,390	37,612
Losses charged to allowance	(2)
Recoveries credited to allowance	2
Credit loss expense	982	(3,206)
Balance at the end of the period	36,372	34,406
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien
Allowance for Credit Losses
Balance at the beginning of the period	4,073	3,874
Losses charged to allowance	(99)	(72)
Recoveries credited to allowance	30	11
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance	(69)	(61)
Credit loss expense	12	104
Balance at the end of the period	4,016	3,917
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential Junior Lien
Allowance for Credit Losses
Balance at the beginning of the period	7,754	9,570
Losses charged to allowance	(28)
Recoveries credited to allowance	48	21
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance	20	21
Credit loss expense	(728)	(855)
Balance at the end of the period	7,046	8,736
Consumer | Domestic
Allowance for Credit Losses
Balance at the beginning of the period	272	291
Losses charged to allowance	(88)	(32)
Recoveries credited to allowance	11	8
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance	(77)	(24)
Credit loss expense	69	12
Balance at the end of the period	264	279
Foreign. | Foreign
Allowance for Credit Losses
Balance at the beginning of the period	762	753
Credit loss expense	(50)	16
Balance at the end of the period	$ 712	$ 769

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Allowance for Credit Losses (Impairment By Loan Class) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable, evaluated individually or collectively
Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	$ 1,714	$ 1,667
Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	99	99
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	7,046,563	7,207,484
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	110,128	110,275
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial.
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable, evaluated individually or collectively
Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	263	298
Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	29	29
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	1,461,358	1,501,554
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	23,872	23,149
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable, evaluated individually or collectively
Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	554	562
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	2,560,990	2,710,494
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	34,854	35,654
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: multifamily
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable, evaluated individually or collectively
Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	123	131
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	255,427	284,405
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	3,062	3,291
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable, evaluated individually or collectively
Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	567	589
Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	70	70
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	1,742,131	1,667,524
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	36,302	35,320
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable, evaluated individually or collectively
Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	207	87
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	398,642	403,571
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	4,016	4,073
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential Junior Lien
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable, evaluated individually or collectively
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	441,524	464,173
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	7,046	7,754
Consumer | Domestic
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable, evaluated individually or collectively
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	41,019	40,966
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	264	272
Foreign. | Foreign
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable, evaluated individually or collectively
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Recorded Investment	145,472	134,797
Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment, Allowance	$ 712	$ 762

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Allowance for Credit Losses (Non-accrual Basis By Loan Class) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Loan loss allowances, financing receivable past due
Non-accrual loans, total	$ 1,930	$ 1,921
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial.
Loan loss allowances, financing receivable past due
Non-accrual loans, total	263	298
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial
Loan loss allowances, financing receivable past due
Non-accrual loans, total	554	562
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: multifamily
Loan loss allowances, financing receivable past due
Non-accrual loans, total	123	131
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development
Loan loss allowances, financing receivable past due
Non-accrual loans, total	567	589
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien
Loan loss allowances, financing receivable past due
Non-accrual loans, total	$ 423	$ 341

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Allowance for Credit Losses (Impaired Loans) (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	May 02, 2022 USD ($) loan	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable
Total troubled debt restructuring	$ 2,811,000		$ 3,253,000
Amount of loans with some degree of payment deferral		$ 114,705,000
Period of charge off for past due unsecured commercial loans	90 days
Paycheck protection program loans (COVID-19 program)
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable
Period of time PPP loans cover payroll and certain other costs	168 days
Interest rate on receivable	1.00%
Number of loans | loan		590
Amount of loans outstanding		$ 35,793,000
Paycheck protection program loans (COVID-19 program) | Loans made prior to June 5, 2020
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable
Term of receivable (in years)	2 years
Paycheck protection program loans (COVID-19 program) | Loans made after June 5, 2020
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable
Term of receivable (in years)	5 years
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable
Total troubled debt restructuring	$ 1,815,000		2,254,000
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential Junior Lien
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable
Total troubled debt restructuring	104,000		105,000
Consumer | Domestic
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable
Total troubled debt restructuring	831,000		878,000
Foreign. | Foreign
Loan loss allowances, impaired financing receivable
Total troubled debt restructuring	$ 61,000		$ 16,000

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Allowance for Credit Losses (Aging By Loan Class) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Financing receivable recorded investment
Past due 90 days or Greater and Still Accruing	$ 7,254	$ 8,642
Loans	7,048,277	7,209,151
Current
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	7,027,437	7,171,688
Total Past Due
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	20,840	37,463
30 to 59 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	10,009	25,836
60 to 89 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	2,963	2,456
90 Days or Greater
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	7,868	9,171
Commercial, financial and agricultural
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	4,278,715	4,497,444
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial.
Financing receivable recorded investment
Past due 90 days or Greater and Still Accruing	442	577
Loans	1,461,620	1,501,852
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial. | Current
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	1,458,757	1,498,438
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial. | Total Past Due
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	2,863	3,414
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial. | 30 to 59 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	2,160	2,534
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial. | 60 to 89 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	261	303
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial. | 90 Days or Greater
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	442	577
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial
Financing receivable recorded investment
Past due 90 days or Greater and Still Accruing		307
Loans	2,561,545	2,711,056
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial | Current
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	2,556,851	2,692,076
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial | Total Past Due
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	4,694	18,980
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial | 30 to 59 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	2,973	18,164
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial | 60 to 89 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	1,384	172
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial | 90 Days or Greater
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	337	644
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: multifamily
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	255,550	284,536
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: multifamily | Current
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	255,540	284,536
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: multifamily | Total Past Due
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	10
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: multifamily | 30 to 59 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	10
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	1,742,698	1,668,113
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development
Financing receivable recorded investment
Past due 90 days or Greater and Still Accruing	536	188
Loans	1,742,698	1,668,113
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development | Current
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	1,740,821	1,667,092
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development | Total Past Due
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	1,877	1,021
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development | 30 to 59 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	1,302	499
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development | 60 to 89 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	39	334
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development | 90 Days or Greater
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	536	188
Real estate - mortgage
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	840,373	867,831
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien
Financing receivable recorded investment
Past due 90 days or Greater and Still Accruing	4,887	4,937
Loans	398,849	403,658
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien | Current
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	390,451	394,975
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien | Total Past Due
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	8,398	8,683
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien | 30 to 59 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	2,541	2,342
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien | 60 to 89 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	693	1,212
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien | 90 Days or Greater
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	5,164	5,129
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential Junior Lien
Financing receivable recorded investment
Past due 90 days or Greater and Still Accruing	1,168	1,055
Loans	441,524	464,173
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential Junior Lien | Current
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	439,718	462,256
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential Junior Lien | Total Past Due
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	1,806	1,917
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential Junior Lien | 30 to 59 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	218	747
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential Junior Lien | 60 to 89 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	420	115
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential Junior Lien | 90 Days or Greater
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	1,168	1,055
Consumer
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	41,019	40,966
Consumer | Domestic
Financing receivable recorded investment
Past due 90 days or Greater and Still Accruing	6	4
Loans	41,019	40,966
Consumer | Domestic | Current
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	40,671	40,643
Consumer | Domestic | Total Past Due
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	348	323
Consumer | Domestic | 30 to 59 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	243	231
Consumer | Domestic | 60 to 89 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	99	88
Consumer | Domestic | 90 Days or Greater
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	6	4
Foreign.
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	145,472	134,797
Foreign. | Foreign
Financing receivable recorded investment
Past due 90 days or Greater and Still Accruing	215	1,574
Loans	145,472	134,797
Foreign. | Foreign | Current
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	144,628	131,672
Foreign. | Foreign | Total Past Due
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	844	3,125
Foreign. | Foreign | 30 to 59 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	562	1,319
Foreign. | Foreign | 60 to 89 Days
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	67	232
Foreign. | Foreign | 90 Days or Greater
Financing receivable recorded investment
Loans	$ 215	$ 1,574

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Allowance for Credit Losses (Portfolio Credit Quality) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	$ 766,572
2021	3,147,446	$ 3,641,975
2020	1,317,377	1,540,327
2019	787,224	885,554
2018	571,853	616,037
2017/Prior	457,805	241,896
Prior		283,362
Total loans	7,048,277	7,209,151
Commercial, financial and agricultural
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
Total loans	4,278,715	4,497,444
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial.
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	187,835
2021	977,802	1,154,047
2020	131,401	168,461
2019	70,441	78,434
2018	56,138	58,577
2017/Prior	38,003	37,178
Prior		5,155
Total loans	1,461,620	1,501,852
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial. | Pass
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	157,913
2021	895,087	1,041,763
2020	130,593	167,691
2019	69,495	77,579
2018	56,082	58,439
2017/Prior	37,946	37,104
Prior		5,144
Total loans	1,347,116	1,387,720
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial. | Special Review
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	81
2021	75,098	74,559
2020	492	497
2019	139	139
2018		81
Total loans	75,810	75,276
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial. | Watch List - Pass
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	29,841
2021	7,087	33,920
2019	807
Prior		10
Total loans	37,735	33,930
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial. | Watch List - Substandard
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2021	324	3,581
2020	316	273
2019		716
2018	56	57
Prior		1
Total loans	696	4,628
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial. | Watch List - Doubtful
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2021	206	224
2017/Prior	57	74
Total loans	263	298
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	275,563
2021	722,741	1,021,054
2020	704,462	780,449
2019	284,438	292,569
2018	403,595	420,801
2017/Prior	170,746	98,606
Prior		97,577
Total loans	2,561,545	2,711,056
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial | Pass
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	220,689
2021	721,404	1,001,335
2020	639,609	680,777
2019	280,518	288,333
2018	403,252	417,353
2017/Prior	167,803	96,096
Prior		97,119
Total loans	2,433,275	2,581,013
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial | Special Review
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	2,984
2021	1,077	929
2020	1,272	1,292
2018	343	3,448
2017/Prior	60	61
Total loans	5,736	5,730
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial | Watch List - Pass
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	51,890
2021	260	18,790
2020	9,312	44,059
2017/Prior	92	94
Prior		1
Total loans	61,554	62,944
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial | Watch List - Substandard
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2020	54,053	54,097
2019	3,583	3,899
2017/Prior	2,790	2,355
Prior		456
Total loans	60,426	60,807
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial | Watch List - Doubtful
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2020	216	224
2019	337	337
2017/Prior	1
Prior		1
Total loans	554	562
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: multifamily
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	3,335
2021	132,852	133,152
2020	62,997	40,897
2019	31,231	78,609
2018	6,901	10,632
2017/Prior	18,234	14,217
Prior		7,029
Total loans	255,550	284,536
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: multifamily | Pass
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	3,335
2021	132,852	133,152
2020	62,874	40,766
2019	31,231	78,609
2018	6,901	10,632
2017/Prior	18,234	14,217
Prior		7,029
Total loans	255,427	284,405
Commercial, financial and agricultural | Domestic | Commercial real estate: multifamily | Watch List - Doubtful
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2020	123	131
Total loans	123	131
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
Total loans	1,742,698	1,668,113
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	170,274
2021	997,584	967,431
2020	229,810	335,593
2019	295,536	308,884
2018	33,305	37,124
2017/Prior	16,189	16,642
Prior		2,439
Total loans	1,742,698	1,668,113
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development | Pass
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	170,274
2021	996,912	966,946
2020	206,608	312,389
2019	295,325	308,673
2018	33,305	37,124
2017/Prior	16,189	16,642
Prior		2,439
Total loans	1,718,613	1,644,213
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development | Special Review
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2019	211	211
Total loans	211	211
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development | Watch List - Pass
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2020	23,100	23,100
Total loans	23,100	23,100
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development | Watch List - Substandard
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2021	207
Total loans	207
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | Domestic | Commercial Real Estate: other construction and land development | Watch List - Doubtful
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2021	465	485
2020	102	104
Total loans	567	589
Real estate - mortgage
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
Total loans	840,373	867,831
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	61,506
2021	90,813	128,798
2020	58,476	52,812
2019	47,962	57,352
2018	39,298	49,259
2017/Prior	100,794	29,599
Prior		85,838
Total loans	398,849	403,658
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien | Pass
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	61,506
2021	89,814	128,742
2020	58,393	52,725
2019	47,861	57,249
2018	39,298	49,259
2017/Prior	100,671	29,477
Prior		85,838
Total loans	397,543	403,290
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien | Watch List - Substandard
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2021	999	56
2019	101	103
2017/Prior		122
Total loans	1,100	281
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential: first lien | Watch List - Doubtful
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2020	83	87
2017/Prior	123
Total loans	206	87
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential Junior Lien
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	19,714
2021	128,627	130,629
2020	110,051	123,062
2019	50,272	59,113
2018	26,346	30,603
2017/Prior	106,514	40,855
Prior		79,911
Total loans	441,524	464,173
Real estate - mortgage | Domestic | Residential Junior Lien | Pass
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	19,714
2021	128,627	130,629
2020	110,051	123,062
2019	50,272	59,113
2018	26,346	30,603
2017/Prior	106,514	40,855
Prior		79,911
Total loans	441,524	464,173
Consumer
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
Total loans	41,019	40,966
Consumer | Domestic
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	9,251
2021	25,436	32,053
2020	3,552	5,693
2019	985	1,370
2018	137	189
2017/Prior	1,658	9
Prior		1,652
Total loans	41,019	40,966
Consumer | Domestic | Pass
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	9,251
2021	25,436	32,053
2020	3,552	5,693
2019	985	1,370
2018	137	189
2017/Prior	1,658	9
Prior		1,652
Total loans	41,019	40,966
Foreign.
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
Total loans	145,472	134,797
Foreign. | Foreign
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	39,094
2021	71,591	74,811
2020	16,628	33,360
2019	6,359	9,223
2018	6,133	8,852
2017/Prior	5,667	4,790
Prior		3,761
Total loans	145,472	134,797
Foreign. | Foreign | Pass
Loan portfolio by credit quality indicator
2022	39,094
2021	71,591	74,811
2020	16,628	33,360
2019	6,359	9,223
2018	6,133	8,852
2017/Prior	5,667	4,790
Prior		3,761
Total loans	$ 145,472	$ 134,797

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Stock Options (Details) - USD ($)			3 Months Ended
	May 02, 2022	Apr. 18, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Apr. 05, 2012
Employee Stock Options | 2012 Plan
Stock option details
Shares available for future grants			5,628		800,000
Maximum exercisable period for granted share-based compensation			10 years
Number of options granted (in shares)			31,150
Stock option activity
Options outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)			520,551
Plus: Options granted (in shares)			31,150
Less:
Exercise of stock options (in shares)			6,337
Options forfeited (in shares)			6,100
Options outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)			539,264
Options fully vested and exercisable at the end of the period (in shares)			286,828
Stock Options, Weighted average exercise price
Options outstanding at the beginning, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)			$ 28.28
Plus: Options granted, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)			38.92
Less:
Options exercised, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)			23.22
Options forfeited, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)			32.90
Options outstanding at the end, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)			28.90
Options fully vested and exercisable at the end, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)			$ 23.29
Stock Options, Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)
Options outstanding at the end, weighted average remaining contractual term (years)			4 years 6 months 21 days
Options fully vested and exercisable at the end, weighted average remaining contractual term (years)			2 years 5 months 26 days
Stock Options, Aggregate intrinsic value
Options outstanding at the end, aggregate intrinsic value			$ 7,175,000
Options fully vested and exercisable at the end, aggregate intrinsic value			5,428,000
Stock-based compensation expense			121,000	$ 159,000
Stock-based compensation cost, unrecognized, related to non-vested options			$ 1,089,000
Stock-based compensation cost, unrecognized, related to non-vested options, weighted-average period of recognition			2 years
Stock Appreciation Rights | SAR Plan
Stock option details
Shares available for future grants		750,000
Maximum exercisable period for granted share-based compensation		10 years
Number of rights issued	0
Incentive Stock Options to 10 Percent Shareholders [Member] | 2012 Plan
Stock option details
Maximum exercisable period for granted share-based compensation			5 years

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Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Held-to-maturity securities
Amortized cost	$ 3,400	$ 3,400
Estimated fair value	3,400	3,400
Carrying Value	3,400	3,400
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost	4,404,302	4,254,960
Available for sale debt securities	4,141,997	4,213,920
Total Amortized cost	4,404,302	4,254,960
Total Gross unrealized gains	3,224	17,197
Total Gross unrealized losses	265,529	58,237
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member]
Available-for-sale securities
Available for sale debt securities and equity securities	4,141,997	4,213,920
Reported Value Measurement [Member]
Available-for-sale securities
Available for sale debt securities and equity securities	4,141,997	4,213,920
US Treasury Securities
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost	49,099
US Treasury Securities | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member]
Available-for-sale securities
Available for sale debt securities	49,099
US Treasury Securities | Reported Value Measurement [Member]
Available-for-sale securities
Available for sale debt securities	49,099
Residential mortgage-backed securities
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost	4,313,749	4,213,441
Gross unrealized gains	2,133	14,159
Gross unrealized losses	(265,529)	(58,237)
Residential mortgage-backed securities | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member]
Available-for-sale securities
Available for sale debt securities	4,050,353	4,169,363
Residential mortgage-backed securities | Reported Value Measurement [Member]
Available-for-sale securities
Available for sale debt securities	4,050,353	4,169,363
US Government Corporations and Agencies Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale securities
Available for sale debt securities	734,878	824,474
Mortgage-backed Securities, Issued by US Government Sponsored Enterprises [Member]
Available-for-sale securities
Available for sale debt securities	3,315,475	3,344,899
States and Political Subdivisions Debt Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost	41,454	41,519
Gross unrealized gains	1,091	3,038
States and Political Subdivisions Debt Securities [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member]
Available-for-sale securities
Available for sale debt securities	42,545	44,557
States and Political Subdivisions Debt Securities [Member] | Reported Value Measurement [Member]
Available-for-sale securities
Available for sale debt securities	42,545	44,557
Other Debt Obligations [Member]
Held-to-maturity securities
Amortized cost	3,400	3,400
Estimated fair value	3,400	3,400
Carrying Value	$ 3,400	$ 3,400

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Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments (Contractual Maturities and Estimated Fair Values) (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Amortized Cost
Due in one year or less, held-to-maturity debt securities amortized cost	$ 2,325,000
Due after one year through five years, held-to-maturity debt securities amortized cost	1,075,000
Amortized cost, held-to-maturity debt securities	3,400,000		$ 3,400,000
Fair Value
Due in one year or less, held-to-maturity debt securities, Estimated fair value	2,325,000
Due after one year through five years, held-to-maturity debt securities, Estimated fair value	1,075,000
Estimated fair value	3,400,000		3,400,000
Available-for-sale debt securities amortized cost disclosures
Due after one year through five years, available-for-sale debt securities amortized cost	49,099,000
Due after ten years, available-for-sale debt securities amortized cost	41,454,000
Residential mortgage-backed securities, amortized cost	4,313,749,000
Amortized cost, Available-for-sale securities	4,404,302,000		4,254,960,000
Available for sale debt securities, Estimated Fair Value Disclosures
Due after one year through five years, available-for-sale debt securities, Estimated Fair Value	49,099,000
Due after ten years, available-for-sale debt securities, Estimated Fair Value	42,545,000
Residential mortgage-backed securities, Estimated Fair Value	4,050,353,000
Estimated fair value, Available for sale securities	4,141,997,000		$ 4,213,920,000
Available for sale debt securities, Estimated Fair Value Disclosures
Proceeds from sales and calls of available for sale securities	0	$ 2,510,000
Proceeds from sales of mortgage-backed securities	0	0
Gross gains realized on sales	0	0
Gross losses realized on sales	0	$ (4)
Collateral Pledged
Available-for-sale debt securities amortized cost disclosures
Amortized cost, Available-for-sale securities	1,517,343,000
Available for sale debt securities, Estimated Fair Value Disclosures
Fair value of available for sale investment securities pledged	$ 1,405,511,000

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Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments (Unrealized Losses) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Available for sale:
Fair value, less than 12 months	$ 3,181,601	$ 3,037,188
Unrealized losses, less than 12 Months	(237,429)	(53,060)
Fair value, 12 months or more	515,872	423,733
Unrealized losses, 12 Months or More	(28,100)	(5,177)
Fair value, Total	3,697,473	3,460,921
Unrealized losses, Total	(265,529)	(58,237)
Residential Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Available for sale:
Fair value, less than 12 months	3,181,601	3,037,188
Unrealized losses, less than 12 Months	(237,429)	(53,060)
Fair value, 12 months or more	515,872	423,733
Unrealized losses, 12 Months or More	(28,100)	(5,177)
Fair value, Total	3,697,473	3,460,921
Unrealized losses, Total	$ (265,529)	$ (58,237)

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Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments (Unrealized and realized gains and losses recognized in net income on equity securities ) (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments
Equity Securities	$ 5,810,000		$ 6,079,000
Summary of unrealized and realized gains and losses recognized in net income on equity securities
Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities	(269,000)	$ (77,000)
Unrealized gain on equity securities with readily determinable fair values	$ (269,000)	$ (77,000)

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Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments (Other Investments) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other investments
LIHTC
Investments	$ 236,397	$ 179,543
Other liabilities
LIHTC
Unfunded commitments	$ 55,108	$ 40,094

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Other Borrowed Funds (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Federal Home Loan Bank advances
Other borrowed funds	$ 436,090,000	$ 436,138,000
Maximum [Member]
Federal Home Loan Bank advances
Percentage of decrease in other borrowed funds	(0.10%)

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Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures
Number of statutory business trusts issuing trust preferred securities | item	5
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures | $	$ 134,642,000	$ 134,642,000
Maximum number of consecutive quarterly period available for deferral of interest payment on Trusts VIII, IX, X, XI and XII | item	20
Percentage of capital securities issued by trust qualifying as Tier I capital, maximum	25.00%
Percentage of capital securities issued by trust qualifying as Tier II capital, minimum	25.00%
Capital securities issued by the trust, qualifying as Tier I capital | $	$ 134,642,000	$ 134,642,000

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Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures (Key Information) (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Junior subordinated interest deferrable debentures, major types of business trusts
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	$ 134,642,000	$ 134,642,000
Trust VIII
Junior subordinated interest deferrable debentures, major types of business trusts
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	$ 25,774,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	3.29%
Interest rate index	LIBOR
Spread on interest rate index (as a percent)	3.05%
Trust IX
Junior subordinated interest deferrable debentures, major types of business trusts
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	$ 41,238,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	1.83%
Interest rate index	LIBOR
Spread on interest rate index (as a percent)	1.62%
Trust X
Junior subordinated interest deferrable debentures, major types of business trusts
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	$ 21,021,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	1.97%
Interest rate index	LIBOR
Spread on interest rate index (as a percent)	1.65%
Trust XI
Junior subordinated interest deferrable debentures, major types of business trusts
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	$ 25,990,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	1.83%
Interest rate index	LIBOR
Spread on interest rate index (as a percent)	1.62%
Trust XII
Junior subordinated interest deferrable debentures, major types of business trusts
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	$ 20,619,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	1.97%
Interest rate index	LIBOR
Spread on interest rate index (as a percent)	1.45%

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Common Stock and Dividends (Details) - USD ($)					1 Months Ended
	May 02, 2022	Feb. 28, 2022	Feb. 23, 2022	Feb. 17, 2021	Apr. 30, 2009
Common Stock and Dividends
Cash dividends paid to common shareholders (in dollars per share)		$ 0.60		$ 0.60
Repurchase of common stock, authorized amount			$ 150,000,000		$ 40,000,000
Period of repurchase of common stock			12 months		12 months
Cumulative number of shares repurchased under all stock repurchase programs	12,498,452
Cumulative cost of shares repurchased under all stock repurchase programs	$ 366,433,000

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Capital Requirements (Capital Amounts and Ratios) (Details)	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Capital Requirements
CET 1 ratio	20.06	20.47
Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets), Actual Ratio (as a percent)	22.24	22.73
Tier 1 capital (to Risk Weighted Assets), Actual Ratio (as a percent)	21.12	21.59
Tier 1 capital (to Average Assets), Actual Ratio (as a percent)	13.87	13.94