Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Domestic and Foreign Loss Before Income Taxes

The domestic and foreign components of loss before income taxes from operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:

	Years ended December 31
	2021			2020
Domestic	$	(5,454,489	)	$	(6,632,593	)
Foreign		(85,053	)		(44,994	)
Net Pre-Tax Loss	$	(5,539,542	)	$	(6,677,587	)

Summary of Income Tax Provision (Benefit)

The income tax provision (benefit) consists of the following:

			Years ended December 31
			2021			2020
Federal:
Current			$	-		$	-
Deferred	21.00	%		295,524			221,598
State and local:
Current				-			-
Deferred	5.14	%		72,262			54,186
	26.14	%		367,786			275,784
Change in valuation allowance				(367,786	)		(275,784	)
Income tax provision (benefit)			$	-		$	-

Schedule of Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate and Effective Tax Rate

The reconciliations between the statutory federal income tax rate and the Company’s effective tax rate are as follows:

	Years Ended December 31
	2021			2020
Tax benefit at federal statutory rate		(21.0	)%		(21.0	)%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit		(5.1	)%		(5.1	)%
Permanent differences		(0.9	)%		(0.7	)%
Change in valuation allowance		(7.2	)%		(4.1	)%
Prior year true-up		2.4	%		23.1	%
Expiration of state net operating loss carryforwards		6.8	%		4.5	%
Expiration of warrants and options		3.6	%		3.5	%
Conversion of accrued interest to preferred stock		21.4	%		0.0	%
Miscellaneous		0.0	%		0.0	%
Effective income tax rate		0.0	%		0.0	%

Schedule of Components of Deferred Income Taxes

The components of the Company’s deferred income taxes are summarized below:

	December 31
	2021			2020
Deferred Tax Assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	43,453,746		$	42,779,590
Stock-based compensation		186,772			428,726
Intangible assets		227,397			94,296
Research and development credit carryovers		3,049,608			2,985,215
Contribution carryovers		10,062			10,062
Accrued liabilities		505,038			1,503,190
Gross deferred tax assets		47,432,623			47,801,079
Deferred Tax Liabilities:
Intangible assets		-			-
Prepaid expenses		(82,179	)		(82,839	)
Other		(40,604	)		(40,603	)
Gross deferred tax liabilities		(122,783	)		(123,442	)
Valuation allowance		(47,309,840	)		(47,677,637	)
Deferred tax asset, net of valuation allowance	$	-		$	-
Change in valuation allowance	$	367,786		$	275,784

Schedule of Net Operating Loss

Year	Year of
Generated	Expiration	Amount
2002	2022	$	5,794,541
2003	2023		1,520,649
2004	2024		3,571,227
2005	2025		5,530,815
2006	2026		7,192,407
2007	2027		10,218,952
2008	2028		7,017,372
2009	2029		9,573,948
2010	2030		10,344,298
2011	2031		11,225,047
2012	2032		11,193,882
2013	2033		10,273,181
2014	2034		9,075,738
2015	2035		17,455,417
2016	2036		19,710,699
2017	2037		11,703,175
2018	N/A		6,255,067
2019	N/A		4,085,063
2020	N/A		4,167,397
2021	N/A		4,166,084
Total NOLS		$	170,074,959

State NOLS totaling $150 million expire in various years between 2022 and 2036.

Year	Year of
Generated	Expiration	Amount
2007	2022	$	10,318,963
2008	2023		7,106,425
2009	2024		9,680,770
2010	2025		10,440,651
2011	2026		11,362,120
2012	2027		11,311,394
2013	2028		10,381,763
2014	2029		9,278,510
2015	2030		18,547,287
2016	2031		20,166,661
2017	2032		12,131,850
2018	2033		6,455,113
2019	2034		4,211,210
2020	2035		4,234,755
2021	2036		4,166,084
Total NOLS		$	149,793,556

Australia NOLS totaling $138,540 do not expire.

Year Generated	Year of Expiration	Amount
2017	N/A	$	861
2018	N/A		54,101
2019	N/A		13,843
2020	N/A		13,384
2021	N/A		56,351
Total NOLS		$	138,540