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REGULATORY MATTERS (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Regulated Operations [Abstract]  
Schedule of regulatory assets
Details of regulatory assets and (liabilities) reflected in the balance sheets at December 31, 2025 and 2024 are provided in the following tables:
Southern CompanyAlabama PowerGeorgia PowerMississippi PowerSouthern Company Gas
(in millions)
At December 31, 2025
AROs(*)
$5,482 $1,644 $3,604 $234 $ 
Retiree benefit plans(*)
2,442 630 836 128 31 
Remaining net book value of retired assets1,052 408 631 13  
Deferred income tax charges962 261 675 25  
Storm damage941  912 29  
Deferred depreciation784 428 356   
Under recovered regulatory clause revenues284 232  24 28 
Software and cloud computing costs248 92 146 7 3 
Environmental remediation(*)
242  13  229 
Vacation pay(*)
242 90 124 12 16 
Loss on reacquired debt203 30 169 4  
Nuclear outage106 59 47   
Regulatory clauses83 52   31 
Qualifying repairs of natural gas distribution systems65    65 
Fuel-hedging (realized and unrealized) losses50 18 18 14  
Long-term debt fair value adjustment44    44 
Plant Daniel Units 3 and 421   21  
Other regulatory assets225 65 30 40 90 
Deferred income tax credits(4,725)(1,585)(2,238)(211)(681)
Other cost of removal obligations(1,022)15 999 (115)(1,921)
Reliability reserves(243)(184) (59) 
Over recovered regulatory clause revenues(213) (31) (182)
Storm/property damage reserves(118)(60) (58) 
Plant Daniel Units 1 and 2 acquisition(34)  (34) 
Other regulatory liabilities(234)(17)(16)(3)(61)
Total regulatory assets (liabilities), net$6,887 $2,178 $6,275 $71 $(2,308)
Southern
Company
Alabama
Power
Georgia
Power
Mississippi
Power
Southern
Company
Gas
(in millions)
At December 31, 2024
AROs(*)
$5,810 $1,906 $3,658 $248 $— 
Retiree benefit plans(*)
2,605 680 892 134 44 
Remaining net book value of retired assets1,198 454 729 15 — 
Deferred income tax charges927 264 634 27 — 
Storm damage859 — 827 32 — 
Deferred depreciation535 286 249 — — 
Environmental remediation(*)
249 — 16 — 233 
Vacation pay(*)
224 85 112 12 15 
Loss on reacquired debt219 32 183 — 
Software and cloud computing costs200 76 116 
Under recovered regulatory clause revenues167 119 — 17 31 
Regulatory clauses162 82 — — 80 
Nuclear outage92 39 53 — — 
Fuel-hedging (realized and unrealized losses)69 23 29 17 — 
Qualifying repairs of natural gas distribution systems53 — — — 53 
Long-term debt fair value adjustment52 — — — 52 
Plant Daniel Units 3 and 423 — — 23 — 
Other regulatory assets184 42 40 30 72 
Deferred income tax credits(4,536)(1,398)(2,149)(219)(755)
Other cost of removal obligations(1,176)24 816 (170)(1,846)
Over recovered regulatory clause revenues(285)(29)(52)— (204)
Reliability reserves(188)(131)— (57)— 
Storm/property damage reserves(122)(70)— (52)— 
Nuclear fuel disposal cost recovery(100)(100)— — — 
Other regulatory liabilities(180)(28)(14)(6)(31)
Total regulatory assets (liabilities), net$7,041 $2,356 $6,139 $59 $(2,252)
(*)Generally not earning a return as they are excluded from rate base or are offset in rate base by a corresponding asset or liability.
Unless otherwise noted, the following recovery and amortization periods for these regulatory assets and (liabilities) have been approved by the respective state PSC or regulatory agency:
AROs and other cost of removal obligations – Generally recorded over the related property lives, which may range up to 64 years for Alabama Power, 58 years for Georgia Power, 75 years for Mississippi Power, and 85 years for Southern Company Gas. AROs and other cost of removal obligations are settled and trued up following completion of the related activities. Alabama Power is recovering CCR ARO expenditures over a 38-year period ending in 2054 through Rate CNP Compliance. Georgia Power is recovering CCR ARO expenditures over four-year periods through its ECCR tariff. Mississippi Power is recovering CCR ARO expenditures over a 10-year period ending in 2034 through its ECO Plan. See "Georgia Power – Rate Plans" herein and Note 6 for additional information.
Retiree benefit plans – Recovered and amortized over the average remaining service period, which may range up to 14 years for Alabama Power, Georgia Power, and Mississippi Power and 15 years for Southern Company Gas. Southern Company's balances also include amounts at SCS and Southern Nuclear that are allocated to the applicable regulated utilities. See Note 11 for additional information.
Remaining net book value of retired assets
Alabama Power: Primarily represents the net book value of Plant Gorgas Unit 10 ($387 million at December 31, 2025) being amortized over a remaining period of 12 years (through 2037) and Plant Barry Unit 4 ($32 million at December 31, 2025) being amortized over a remaining period of nine years (through 2034). See "Alabama Power – Environmental Accounting Order" herein for additional information.
Georgia Power: Net book values of Plant Wansley Units 1 and 2 and Plant Hammond Unit 4 (totaling $348 million and $271 million, respectively, at December 31, 2025) are being amortized over a remaining period of 13 years (through 2038) pursuant to the extension of the 2022 ARP. Balance also includes unusable materials and supplies inventories, for which the Georgia PSC will determine a recovery period in a future base rate case. See "Georgia Power – Rate Plans" herein additional information.
Mississippi Power: Represents net book value of certain environmental compliance assets at Plant Watson and Plant Greene County. The retail portion is being amortized over a remaining period of eight years (through 2033), and the wholesale portion is being amortized over a remaining period of nine years (through 2034). See "Mississippi Power – Environmental Compliance Overview Plan" herein for additional information.
Deferred income tax charges and credits – Charges are recovered and credits are primarily amortized over the related property lives, which may range up to 64 years for Alabama Power, 58 years for Georgia Power, 75 years for Mississippi Power, and 85 years for Southern Company Gas. See Note 10 for additional information. These accounts include certain deferred income tax assets and liabilities not subject to normalization, as described further below:
Alabama Power: Related amounts at December 31, 2025 include certain tax credits which will be returned to customers in a manner determined by the Alabama PSC, as discussed under "Alabama Power – Nuclear Production Tax Credits Order" herein. Related amounts at December 31, 2024 include excess federal deferred income tax liabilities that were returned for the benefit of customers in 2025, as discussed under "Alabama Power – Excess Accumulated Deferred Income Tax Accounting Order" herein.
Georgia Power: For deferred income tax charges, related amounts include deferred income tax assets related to construction costs for Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 ($120 million at December 31, 2025) being recovered over a remaining period of nine years (through 2034). For deferred income tax credits, related amounts at December 31, 2025 include $255 million of deferred income tax benefits for certain tax credits and $39 million of excess state deferred income tax liabilities, which are both expected to be amortized over a period of up to three years (through 2028), and related amounts at December 31, 2024 include $102 million of excess state deferred income tax liabilities that were returned to customers in 2025. See "Georgia Power – Rate Plans" and " – Nuclear Construction – Regulatory Matters" herein for additional information.
Mississippi Power: Related amounts at December 31, 2025 include retail excess federal deferred income tax liabilities of $21 million resulting from the Tax Reform Legislation, the flowback of which will be determined by the Mississippi PSC in a future rate proceeding. See "Mississippi Power – Excess Accumulated Deferred Income Tax Accounting Order" herein for additional information.
Southern Company Gas: Related amounts include deferred income tax liabilities ($26 million at December 31, 2025) being amortized over periods generally not exceeding five years, primarily related to excess state deferred income tax liabilities. See "Southern Company Gas – Rate Proceedings" herein for additional information.
Storm damage – See "Georgia Power – Storm Damage Recovery" herein for additional information. Mississippi Power's balance represents deferred storm costs associated with Hurricanes Ida and Zeta being recovered through PEP over a remaining period of nine years (through 2034).
Deferred depreciation
Alabama Power: Represents deferred depreciation for Plant Barry Unit 5 ($170 million at December 31, 2025) and Plant Barry common coal assets ($73 million at December 31, 2025) to be amortized until 2036 beginning when Alabama Power utilizes updated deprecation rates which is anticipated to be January 1, 2028 and Plant Gaston Unit 5 coal assets ($185 million at December 31, 2025) to be amortized until 2039 beginning when the assets are retired.
Georgia Power: Represents deferred depreciation for Plant Scherer Units 1 through 3 and Plant Bowen Units 1 and 2 (totaling $209 million and $121 million, respectively, at December 31, 2025) to be amortized over 13 years beginning January 1, 2026 (through 2038), both pursuant to the extension of the 2022 ARP, and Plant Vogtle Unit 3 and common facilities ($26 million at December 31, 2025) being amortized over a remaining period of nine years (through 2034). See "Georgia Power – Rate Plans" herein additional information.
Under and over recovered regulatory clause revenues
Alabama Power: Balances are recorded monthly and expected to be recovered over periods of up to five years. See "Alabama Power – Rate CNP PPA," " – Rate CNP Compliance," and " – Rate ECR" herein for additional information.
Georgia Power: Related to Demand-Side Management (DSM) tariffs. Balances are recorded monthly. Pursuant to the extension of the 2022 ARP, the Georgia PSC will determine a recovery period in a future base rate case. See "Georgia Power – Rate Plans" herein for additional information.
Mississippi Power: At December 31, 2025, $11 million is expected to be recovered through various rate recovery mechanisms over a period to be determined in future rate filings. See "Mississippi Power – Ad Valorem Tax Adjustment" herein for additional information.
Southern Company Gas: Balances are recorded and recovered or amortized over periods generally not exceeding five years. In addition to natural gas cost recovery mechanisms, the natural gas distribution utilities have various other cost recovery mechanisms for the recovery of costs, including those related to infrastructure replacement programs.
Software and cloud computing costs – Represents certain deferred operations and maintenance costs associated with software and cloud computing projects. For Alabama Power, costs are amortized ratably over the life of the related software, which ranges up to 10 years (through 2035). For Georgia Power, costs incurred through 2022 are being amortized over five years (through 2027), and the recovery period for costs incurred after 2022 will be determined in its next base rate case. For Mississippi Power, the recovery period will be determined in Mississippi Power's annual PEP filing process following the completion of the projects and is expected to begin no earlier than 2027. For Southern Company Gas, costs are being amortized ratably over the life of the related software, which ranges up to 10 years (through 2035).
Environmental remediation – Effective January 1, 2023, Georgia Power is recovering $5 million annually for environmental remediation under the 2022 ARP. Southern Company Gas' costs are recovered through environmental cost recovery mechanisms when the remediation work is performed. See Note 3 under "Environmental Remediation" for additional information.
Vacation pay – Recorded as earned by employees and recovered as paid, generally within one year. Includes both vacation and banked holiday pay, if applicable.
Loss on reacquired debt – Recovered over either the remaining life of the original issue or, if refinanced, over the remaining life of the new issue. At December 31, 2025, the remaining amortization periods do not exceed 22 years for Alabama Power, 27 years for Georgia Power, 16 years for Mississippi Power, and two years for Southern Company Gas.
Nuclear outage – Costs are deferred to a regulatory asset when incurred and amortized over a subsequent period of 18 months for Alabama Power and up to 24 months for Georgia Power. See Note 5 for additional information.
Regulatory clauses
Alabama Power: Effective January 1, 2023, balance is being amortized through Rate RSE over a five-year period ending in 2027.
Southern Company Gas: Represents amounts related to Nicor Gas' volume balancing adjustment rider expected to be recovered over a period of less than two years.
Qualifying repairs of natural gas distribution systems – Represents deferred costs of certain repairs at Atlanta Gas Light being amortized over 20 years.
Fuel-hedging (realized and unrealized) losses and gains – Assets and liabilities are recorded over the life of the underlying hedged purchase contracts. Upon final settlement, actual costs incurred are recovered through the applicable traditional electric operating company's fuel cost recovery mechanism. Purchase contracts generally do not exceed three and a half years for Alabama Power, three years for Georgia Power, and five years for Mississippi Power. Immaterial amounts for fuel-hedging gains at December 31, 2025 and 2024 are included in other regulatory liabilities. See Note 14 for additional information.
Long-term debt fair value adjustment – Recovered over the remaining lives of the original debt issuances at acquisition, which range up to 13 years at December 31, 2025.
Plant Daniel Units 3 and 4 – Represents the difference between Mississippi Power's revenue requirement for Plant Daniel Units 3 and 4 under purchase accounting and operating lease accounting. At December 31, 2025, consists of the $15 million retail portion being amortized through 2046 over the remaining life of the related property and the $7 million wholesale portion being amortized over 10 years (through 2034).
Other regulatory assets – Comprised of numerous immaterial components with remaining amortization periods at December 31, 2025 generally not exceeding 18 years for Alabama Power, nine years for Georgia Power, 10 years for Mississippi Power, and 15 years for Southern Company Gas.
Reliability reserves and storm/property damage reserves – Utilized as related expenses are incurred. See "Alabama Power – Rate NDR" and " – Reliability Reserve Accounting Order," "Georgia Power – Storm Damage Recovery," and "Mississippi Power – System Restoration Rider" and " – Reliability Reserve Accounting Order" herein for additional information.
Plant Daniel Units 1 and 2 acquisition – Represents the incremental cost to Mississippi Power to acquire FP&L's 50% ownership interest in Plant Daniel Units 1 and 2. Utilized as related expenses are incurred. See "Mississippi Power – Plant Daniel" herein for additional information.
Nuclear fuel disposal cost recovery – At December 31, 2024, represents award resulting from litigation related to nuclear fuel disposal costs, of which $93 million was returned to customers through bill credits during the months of January, February, and March 2025 and the remaining $7 million was applied to the NDR balance. See "Alabama Power – Rate NDR" herein and Note 3 under "Nuclear Fuel Disposal Costs" for additional information.
Other regulatory liabilities – Comprised of numerous immaterial components with remaining amortization periods at December 31, 2025 generally not exceeding one year for Alabama Power, three years for Georgia Power, one year for Mississippi Power, and 20 years for Southern Company Gas.
The following table illustrates Southern Company Gas' authorized ratemaking amounts that are not recognized on its balance sheets. These amounts are primarily comprised of an allowed equity rate of return on assets associated with certain regulatory infrastructure programs. These amounts will be recognized as revenues in Southern Company Gas' financial statements in the periods they are billable to customers, the majority of which will be recovered by 2027.
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
(in millions)
Atlanta Gas Light$4 $11 
Virginia Natural Gas9 10 
Chattanooga Gas7 
Total$20 $28 
Schedule of regulatory liabilities
Details of regulatory assets and (liabilities) reflected in the balance sheets at December 31, 2025 and 2024 are provided in the following tables:
Southern CompanyAlabama PowerGeorgia PowerMississippi PowerSouthern Company Gas
(in millions)
At December 31, 2025
AROs(*)
$5,482 $1,644 $3,604 $234 $ 
Retiree benefit plans(*)
2,442 630 836 128 31 
Remaining net book value of retired assets1,052 408 631 13  
Deferred income tax charges962 261 675 25  
Storm damage941  912 29  
Deferred depreciation784 428 356   
Under recovered regulatory clause revenues284 232  24 28 
Software and cloud computing costs248 92 146 7 3 
Environmental remediation(*)
242  13  229 
Vacation pay(*)
242 90 124 12 16 
Loss on reacquired debt203 30 169 4  
Nuclear outage106 59 47   
Regulatory clauses83 52   31 
Qualifying repairs of natural gas distribution systems65    65 
Fuel-hedging (realized and unrealized) losses50 18 18 14  
Long-term debt fair value adjustment44    44 
Plant Daniel Units 3 and 421   21  
Other regulatory assets225 65 30 40 90 
Deferred income tax credits(4,725)(1,585)(2,238)(211)(681)
Other cost of removal obligations(1,022)15 999 (115)(1,921)
Reliability reserves(243)(184) (59) 
Over recovered regulatory clause revenues(213) (31) (182)
Storm/property damage reserves(118)(60) (58) 
Plant Daniel Units 1 and 2 acquisition(34)  (34) 
Other regulatory liabilities(234)(17)(16)(3)(61)
Total regulatory assets (liabilities), net$6,887 $2,178 $6,275 $71 $(2,308)
Southern
Company
Alabama
Power
Georgia
Power
Mississippi
Power
Southern
Company
Gas
(in millions)
At December 31, 2024
AROs(*)
$5,810 $1,906 $3,658 $248 $— 
Retiree benefit plans(*)
2,605 680 892 134 44 
Remaining net book value of retired assets1,198 454 729 15 — 
Deferred income tax charges927 264 634 27 — 
Storm damage859 — 827 32 — 
Deferred depreciation535 286 249 — — 
Environmental remediation(*)
249 — 16 — 233 
Vacation pay(*)
224 85 112 12 15 
Loss on reacquired debt219 32 183 — 
Software and cloud computing costs200 76 116 
Under recovered regulatory clause revenues167 119 — 17 31 
Regulatory clauses162 82 — — 80 
Nuclear outage92 39 53 — — 
Fuel-hedging (realized and unrealized losses)69 23 29 17 — 
Qualifying repairs of natural gas distribution systems53 — — — 53 
Long-term debt fair value adjustment52 — — — 52 
Plant Daniel Units 3 and 423 — — 23 — 
Other regulatory assets184 42 40 30 72 
Deferred income tax credits(4,536)(1,398)(2,149)(219)(755)
Other cost of removal obligations(1,176)24 816 (170)(1,846)
Over recovered regulatory clause revenues(285)(29)(52)— (204)
Reliability reserves(188)(131)— (57)— 
Storm/property damage reserves(122)(70)— (52)— 
Nuclear fuel disposal cost recovery(100)(100)— — — 
Other regulatory liabilities(180)(28)(14)(6)(31)
Total regulatory assets (liabilities), net$7,041 $2,356 $6,139 $59 $(2,252)
(*)Generally not earning a return as they are excluded from rate base or are offset in rate base by a corresponding asset or liability.
Unless otherwise noted, the following recovery and amortization periods for these regulatory assets and (liabilities) have been approved by the respective state PSC or regulatory agency:
AROs and other cost of removal obligations – Generally recorded over the related property lives, which may range up to 64 years for Alabama Power, 58 years for Georgia Power, 75 years for Mississippi Power, and 85 years for Southern Company Gas. AROs and other cost of removal obligations are settled and trued up following completion of the related activities. Alabama Power is recovering CCR ARO expenditures over a 38-year period ending in 2054 through Rate CNP Compliance. Georgia Power is recovering CCR ARO expenditures over four-year periods through its ECCR tariff. Mississippi Power is recovering CCR ARO expenditures over a 10-year period ending in 2034 through its ECO Plan. See "Georgia Power – Rate Plans" herein and Note 6 for additional information.
Retiree benefit plans – Recovered and amortized over the average remaining service period, which may range up to 14 years for Alabama Power, Georgia Power, and Mississippi Power and 15 years for Southern Company Gas. Southern Company's balances also include amounts at SCS and Southern Nuclear that are allocated to the applicable regulated utilities. See Note 11 for additional information.
Remaining net book value of retired assets
Alabama Power: Primarily represents the net book value of Plant Gorgas Unit 10 ($387 million at December 31, 2025) being amortized over a remaining period of 12 years (through 2037) and Plant Barry Unit 4 ($32 million at December 31, 2025) being amortized over a remaining period of nine years (through 2034). See "Alabama Power – Environmental Accounting Order" herein for additional information.
Georgia Power: Net book values of Plant Wansley Units 1 and 2 and Plant Hammond Unit 4 (totaling $348 million and $271 million, respectively, at December 31, 2025) are being amortized over a remaining period of 13 years (through 2038) pursuant to the extension of the 2022 ARP. Balance also includes unusable materials and supplies inventories, for which the Georgia PSC will determine a recovery period in a future base rate case. See "Georgia Power – Rate Plans" herein additional information.
Mississippi Power: Represents net book value of certain environmental compliance assets at Plant Watson and Plant Greene County. The retail portion is being amortized over a remaining period of eight years (through 2033), and the wholesale portion is being amortized over a remaining period of nine years (through 2034). See "Mississippi Power – Environmental Compliance Overview Plan" herein for additional information.
Deferred income tax charges and credits – Charges are recovered and credits are primarily amortized over the related property lives, which may range up to 64 years for Alabama Power, 58 years for Georgia Power, 75 years for Mississippi Power, and 85 years for Southern Company Gas. See Note 10 for additional information. These accounts include certain deferred income tax assets and liabilities not subject to normalization, as described further below:
Alabama Power: Related amounts at December 31, 2025 include certain tax credits which will be returned to customers in a manner determined by the Alabama PSC, as discussed under "Alabama Power – Nuclear Production Tax Credits Order" herein. Related amounts at December 31, 2024 include excess federal deferred income tax liabilities that were returned for the benefit of customers in 2025, as discussed under "Alabama Power – Excess Accumulated Deferred Income Tax Accounting Order" herein.
Georgia Power: For deferred income tax charges, related amounts include deferred income tax assets related to construction costs for Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 ($120 million at December 31, 2025) being recovered over a remaining period of nine years (through 2034). For deferred income tax credits, related amounts at December 31, 2025 include $255 million of deferred income tax benefits for certain tax credits and $39 million of excess state deferred income tax liabilities, which are both expected to be amortized over a period of up to three years (through 2028), and related amounts at December 31, 2024 include $102 million of excess state deferred income tax liabilities that were returned to customers in 2025. See "Georgia Power – Rate Plans" and " – Nuclear Construction – Regulatory Matters" herein for additional information.
Mississippi Power: Related amounts at December 31, 2025 include retail excess federal deferred income tax liabilities of $21 million resulting from the Tax Reform Legislation, the flowback of which will be determined by the Mississippi PSC in a future rate proceeding. See "Mississippi Power – Excess Accumulated Deferred Income Tax Accounting Order" herein for additional information.
Southern Company Gas: Related amounts include deferred income tax liabilities ($26 million at December 31, 2025) being amortized over periods generally not exceeding five years, primarily related to excess state deferred income tax liabilities. See "Southern Company Gas – Rate Proceedings" herein for additional information.
Storm damage – See "Georgia Power – Storm Damage Recovery" herein for additional information. Mississippi Power's balance represents deferred storm costs associated with Hurricanes Ida and Zeta being recovered through PEP over a remaining period of nine years (through 2034).
Deferred depreciation
Alabama Power: Represents deferred depreciation for Plant Barry Unit 5 ($170 million at December 31, 2025) and Plant Barry common coal assets ($73 million at December 31, 2025) to be amortized until 2036 beginning when Alabama Power utilizes updated deprecation rates which is anticipated to be January 1, 2028 and Plant Gaston Unit 5 coal assets ($185 million at December 31, 2025) to be amortized until 2039 beginning when the assets are retired.
Georgia Power: Represents deferred depreciation for Plant Scherer Units 1 through 3 and Plant Bowen Units 1 and 2 (totaling $209 million and $121 million, respectively, at December 31, 2025) to be amortized over 13 years beginning January 1, 2026 (through 2038), both pursuant to the extension of the 2022 ARP, and Plant Vogtle Unit 3 and common facilities ($26 million at December 31, 2025) being amortized over a remaining period of nine years (through 2034). See "Georgia Power – Rate Plans" herein additional information.
Under and over recovered regulatory clause revenues
Alabama Power: Balances are recorded monthly and expected to be recovered over periods of up to five years. See "Alabama Power – Rate CNP PPA," " – Rate CNP Compliance," and " – Rate ECR" herein for additional information.
Georgia Power: Related to Demand-Side Management (DSM) tariffs. Balances are recorded monthly. Pursuant to the extension of the 2022 ARP, the Georgia PSC will determine a recovery period in a future base rate case. See "Georgia Power – Rate Plans" herein for additional information.
Mississippi Power: At December 31, 2025, $11 million is expected to be recovered through various rate recovery mechanisms over a period to be determined in future rate filings. See "Mississippi Power – Ad Valorem Tax Adjustment" herein for additional information.
Southern Company Gas: Balances are recorded and recovered or amortized over periods generally not exceeding five years. In addition to natural gas cost recovery mechanisms, the natural gas distribution utilities have various other cost recovery mechanisms for the recovery of costs, including those related to infrastructure replacement programs.
Software and cloud computing costs – Represents certain deferred operations and maintenance costs associated with software and cloud computing projects. For Alabama Power, costs are amortized ratably over the life of the related software, which ranges up to 10 years (through 2035). For Georgia Power, costs incurred through 2022 are being amortized over five years (through 2027), and the recovery period for costs incurred after 2022 will be determined in its next base rate case. For Mississippi Power, the recovery period will be determined in Mississippi Power's annual PEP filing process following the completion of the projects and is expected to begin no earlier than 2027. For Southern Company Gas, costs are being amortized ratably over the life of the related software, which ranges up to 10 years (through 2035).
Environmental remediation – Effective January 1, 2023, Georgia Power is recovering $5 million annually for environmental remediation under the 2022 ARP. Southern Company Gas' costs are recovered through environmental cost recovery mechanisms when the remediation work is performed. See Note 3 under "Environmental Remediation" for additional information.
Vacation pay – Recorded as earned by employees and recovered as paid, generally within one year. Includes both vacation and banked holiday pay, if applicable.
Loss on reacquired debt – Recovered over either the remaining life of the original issue or, if refinanced, over the remaining life of the new issue. At December 31, 2025, the remaining amortization periods do not exceed 22 years for Alabama Power, 27 years for Georgia Power, 16 years for Mississippi Power, and two years for Southern Company Gas.
Nuclear outage – Costs are deferred to a regulatory asset when incurred and amortized over a subsequent period of 18 months for Alabama Power and up to 24 months for Georgia Power. See Note 5 for additional information.
Regulatory clauses
Alabama Power: Effective January 1, 2023, balance is being amortized through Rate RSE over a five-year period ending in 2027.
Southern Company Gas: Represents amounts related to Nicor Gas' volume balancing adjustment rider expected to be recovered over a period of less than two years.
Qualifying repairs of natural gas distribution systems – Represents deferred costs of certain repairs at Atlanta Gas Light being amortized over 20 years.
Fuel-hedging (realized and unrealized) losses and gains – Assets and liabilities are recorded over the life of the underlying hedged purchase contracts. Upon final settlement, actual costs incurred are recovered through the applicable traditional electric operating company's fuel cost recovery mechanism. Purchase contracts generally do not exceed three and a half years for Alabama Power, three years for Georgia Power, and five years for Mississippi Power. Immaterial amounts for fuel-hedging gains at December 31, 2025 and 2024 are included in other regulatory liabilities. See Note 14 for additional information.
Long-term debt fair value adjustment – Recovered over the remaining lives of the original debt issuances at acquisition, which range up to 13 years at December 31, 2025.
Plant Daniel Units 3 and 4 – Represents the difference between Mississippi Power's revenue requirement for Plant Daniel Units 3 and 4 under purchase accounting and operating lease accounting. At December 31, 2025, consists of the $15 million retail portion being amortized through 2046 over the remaining life of the related property and the $7 million wholesale portion being amortized over 10 years (through 2034).
Other regulatory assets – Comprised of numerous immaterial components with remaining amortization periods at December 31, 2025 generally not exceeding 18 years for Alabama Power, nine years for Georgia Power, 10 years for Mississippi Power, and 15 years for Southern Company Gas.
Reliability reserves and storm/property damage reserves – Utilized as related expenses are incurred. See "Alabama Power – Rate NDR" and " – Reliability Reserve Accounting Order," "Georgia Power – Storm Damage Recovery," and "Mississippi Power – System Restoration Rider" and " – Reliability Reserve Accounting Order" herein for additional information.
Plant Daniel Units 1 and 2 acquisition – Represents the incremental cost to Mississippi Power to acquire FP&L's 50% ownership interest in Plant Daniel Units 1 and 2. Utilized as related expenses are incurred. See "Mississippi Power – Plant Daniel" herein for additional information.
Nuclear fuel disposal cost recovery – At December 31, 2024, represents award resulting from litigation related to nuclear fuel disposal costs, of which $93 million was returned to customers through bill credits during the months of January, February, and March 2025 and the remaining $7 million was applied to the NDR balance. See "Alabama Power – Rate NDR" herein and Note 3 under "Nuclear Fuel Disposal Costs" for additional information.
Other regulatory liabilities – Comprised of numerous immaterial components with remaining amortization periods at December 31, 2025 generally not exceeding one year for Alabama Power, three years for Georgia Power, one year for Mississippi Power, and 20 years for Southern Company Gas.
At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the environmental remediation liability and the balance of under recovered environmental remediation costs were reflected in the balance sheets of Southern Company, Georgia Power, and Southern Company Gas as shown in the table below. Alabama Power and Mississippi Power did not have environmental remediation liabilities at December 31, 2025 or 2024.
Southern
Company
Georgia
Power
Southern
Company Gas
(in millions)
At December 31, 2025:
Environmental remediation liability:
Other current liabilities$34 $14 $20 
Accrued environmental remediation207  207 
Under recovered environmental remediation costs:
Other regulatory assets, current$28 $5 $23 
Other regulatory assets, deferred214 8 206 
At December 31, 2024:
Environmental remediation liability:
Other current liabilities$37 $13 $24 
Accrued environmental remediation198 — 198 
Under recovered environmental remediation costs:
Other regulatory assets, current$37 $$32 
Other regulatory assets, deferred212 11 201 
Public utilities general disclosures :
Tariff20242025
(millions)
Traditional base(a)
$275 $194 
ECCR(99)126 
DSM10 (22)
MFF
Total(b)
$191 $306 
(a)For 2025, net of $122 million related to the Georgia state tax rate reduction.
(b)Totals may not add due to rounding.
The following table provides regulatory information for Southern Company Gas' natural gas distribution utilities:
Nicor
Gas
Atlanta Gas
Light
Virginia
Natural Gas
Chattanooga
Gas
Authorized ROE at December 31, 2025
9.60%10.25%9.85%9.80%
Weather normalization mechanisms(a)
üü
Decoupled, including straight-fixed-variable rates(b)
üüü
Regulatory infrastructure program rate(c)
üüü
Bad debt rider(d)
üüü
Energy efficiency plan(e)
üü
Annual base rate adjustment mechanism(f)
üü
Year of last base rate case decision
2025
201920252018
(a)Designed to help stabilize operating results by allowing recovery of costs in the event of unseasonal weather, but are not direct offsets to the potential impacts on earnings of weather and customer consumption.
(b)Allows for recovery of fixed customer service costs separately from assumed natural gas volumes used by customers and provides a benchmark level of revenue for recovery.
(c)See "Infrastructure Replacement Programs and Capital Projects" herein for additional information. Chattanooga Gas' pipeline replacement program costs are recovered through its annual base rate review mechanism.
(d)The recovery (refund) of bad debt expense over (under) an established benchmark expense. The gas portion of bad debt expense is recovered through purchased gas adjustment mechanisms. Nicor Gas also has a rider to recover the non-gas portion of bad debt expense.
(e)Recovery of costs associated with plans to achieve specified energy savings goals.
(f)Regulatory mechanism allowing annual adjustments to base rates up or down based on authorized ROE and/or ROE range.
The following table and discussions provide updates on the infrastructure replacement programs and capital projects at the natural gas distribution utilities at December 31, 2025. These programs are risk-based and designed to update and replace cast iron, bare
steel, and mid-vintage plastic materials or expand Southern Company Gas' distribution systems to improve reliability and meet operational flexibility and growth.
UtilityProgramRecovery
Capital Expenditures in 2025
Capital Expenditures Since Project Inception
Pipe
Installed Since
Project Inception
Scope of
Program
Program DurationLast
Year of Program
(in millions)(miles)(miles)(years)
Virginia Natural Gas
SAVE
Rider$72 $633 620 938 182029
Atlanta Gas LightSystem Reinforcement RiderRider131 410 43 N/A62027
Chattanooga GasPipeline Replacement ProgramRate Base13 41 37 73 102031
$216 $1,084 700 1,011 
The following table provides a summary of QIP capital investments during the nine-year program:
Year
Status of QIP Annual Review Proceeding
Capital Investments
DisallowedMonth of Disallowance
(in millions)
2015 – 2018Complete$1,246 $— 
2019
Complete
415 32 June 2023
2020
Filed March 2021
402 
(a)
2021
Filed March 2022
392 
(a)
2022
Filed March 2023
408 
(a)
(b)
November 2023
2023
Filed March 2024
365 
(a)
25 
(b)
November 2023
$3,228 $63 
(a)Capital investments are subject to the required QIP annual review proceeding; years 2020 through 2023 are pending with the Illinois Commission.
(b)Disallowed in Nicor Gas' 2023 general base rate case proceeding. See "Rate Proceedings – Nicor Gas" herein for additional information regarding the Illinois Commission's disallowance of certain capital investments.
Schedule of revised cost and schedule Georgia Power's final net investment in connection with Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 is $10.670 billion, which excludes capitalized AFUDC of approximately $440 million accrued through Unit 4's in-service date.
Schedule of construction projects
Resource/Project
Approximate Nameplate Capacity
(MW)
Projected COD
Projects Under Construction at December 31, 2025
Battery Energy Storage
McGrau Ford Phase 1
265Fourth quarter 2026
Twiggs County200Fourth quarter 2027
Wadley260Fourth quarter 2027
Plant Bowen Phase 1250Fourth quarter 2028
Plant Bowen Phase 2250Fourth quarter 2029
South Hall250Fourth quarter 2028
Plant Wansley500Fourth quarter 2028
Plant Yates Phase 1 320Fourth quarter 2028
Plant Yates Phase 2 250Fourth quarter 2028
Thomson500Fourth quarter 2029
Hammond Phase 2193Fourth quarter 2030
Plant McIntosh250Fourth quarter 2030
Various facilities500Second quarter 2026 through fourth quarter 2026
Solar with Battery Energy Storage
Laurens County 200Fourth quarter 2028
Plant Mitchell 150Fourth quarter 2028
Combined Cycle
Plant Bowen Unit 7741Fourth quarter 2029
Plant Bowen Unit 8741Second quarter 2030
Plant McIntosh Unit 12757Fourth quarter 2030
Plant Wansley Unit 10727Fourth quarter 2029
Plant Wansley Unit 11727Second quarter 2030
Combustion Turbine
Plant Yates Unit 8(*)
442Fourth quarter 2026
Plant Yates Unit 9(*)
442Second quarter 2027
Plant Yates Unit 10(*)
442Third quarter 2027
(*)Pursuant to the 2023 IRP Update, cost recovery over the certified amount is limited.
Project
Facility
Resource
Approximate Nameplate Capacity (MW)
Location
Actual/Projected COD
PPA Contract Period
Projects Under Construction at December 31, 2025
Millers Branch
Phase ISolar200Haskell County, TX
   February 2026(*)
20 years
Phase II
Solar
180Haskell County, TX
Second quarter 2026
15 years
Phase III
Solar
132Haskell County, TX
Fourth quarter 2026
15 years
Projects Completed During 2024
South Cheyenne
Solar
150
Laramie County, WY
April 2024
20 years
(*)Subsequent to December 31, 2025, Southern Power completed construction of the 200-MW first phase of the Millers Branch solar facility.