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REGULATORY MATTERS (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Regulated Operations [Abstract]  
Schedule of regulatory assets
Storm damage reserve activity for the traditional electric operating companies during 2023 and 2024 was as follows:
Southern
Company
Alabama Power
Georgia Power
Mississippi
Power
 (in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2022$216 $97 $83 $36 
Accrual61 18 31 12 
Weather-related damages
(211)(39)(168)(4)
Balance at December 31, 2023$66 $76 $(54)$44 
Accrual79 34 31 14 
Weather-related damages
(850)(40)(804)(6)
Balance at December 31, 2024$(705)$70 $(827)$52 
The traditional electric operating companies accrued the following amounts related to storm damage recovery in 2022:
Southern
Company
Alabama
Power
Georgia
Power
Mississippi
Power
(in millions)
2022$239 $19 $213 $
During 2024, 2023, and 2022, Alabama Power and Mississippi Power accrued the following amounts to their reliability reserves:
Southern
Company
Alabama
Power
Mississippi
Power
(in millions)
2024$84 $63 $21 
202363 52 11 
2022191 166 25 
Details of regulatory assets and (liabilities) reflected in the balance sheets at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are provided in the following tables:
Southern CompanyAlabama PowerGeorgia PowerMississippi PowerSouthern Company Gas
(in millions)
At December 31, 2024
AROs(*)
$5,810 $1,906 $3,658 $248 $ 
Retiree benefit plans(*)
2,605 680 892 134 44 
Remaining net book value of retired assets
1,198 454 729 15  
Deferred income tax charges
927 264 634 27  
Storm damage
859  827 32  
Deferred depreciation
535 286 249   
Environmental remediation(*)
249  16  233 
Vacation pay(*)
224 85 112 12 15 
Loss on reacquired debt
219 32 183 4  
Software and cloud computing costs
200 76 116 4 4 
Under recovered regulatory clause revenues
167 119  17 31 
Regulatory clauses
162 82   80 
Nuclear outage
92 39 53   
Fuel-hedging (realized and unrealized) losses
69 23 29 17  
Qualifying repairs of natural gas distribution systems
53    53 
Long-term debt fair value adjustment
52    52 
Plant Daniel Units 3 and 4
23   23  
Other regulatory assets
184 42 40 30 72 
Deferred income tax credits
(4,536)(1,398)(2,149)(219)(755)
Other cost of removal obligations
(1,176)24 816 (170)(1,846)
Over recovered regulatory clause revenues
(285)(29)(52) (204)
Reliability reserves
(188)(131) (57) 
Storm/property damage reserves
(122)(70) (52) 
Nuclear fuel disposal cost recovery
(100)(100)   
Other regulatory liabilities
(180)(28)(14)(6)(31)
Total regulatory assets (liabilities), net$7,041 $2,356 $6,139 $59 $(2,252)
Southern CompanyAlabama PowerGeorgia PowerMississippi PowerSouthern Company Gas
(in millions)
At December 31, 2023
AROs(*)
$5,733 $1,936 $3,505 $247 $— 
Retiree benefit plans(*)
3,011 815 976 140 146 
Remaining net book value of retired assets
1,357 499 841 17 — 
Deferred income tax charges
897 262 605 28 — 
Under recovered regulatory clause revenues
413 381 — 12 20 
Fuel-hedging (realized and unrealized) losses
270 100 121 49 — 
Deferred depreciation
270 143 127 — — 
Environmental remediation(*)
255 — 20 — 235 
Loss on reacquired debt
238 35 197 
Vacation pay(*)
217 83 107 11 16 
Software and cloud computing costs
150 59 84 
Regulatory clauses
140 112 — — 28 
Storm damage
92 — 54 38 — 
Nuclear outage
83 50 33 — — 
Long-term debt fair value adjustment
60 — — — 60 
Qualifying repairs of natural gas distribution systems
40 — — — 40 
Plant Daniel Units 3 and 4
25 — — 25 — 
Other regulatory assets
189 39 33 25 93 
Deferred income tax credits
(4,686)(1,506)(2,161)(241)(759)
Other cost of removal obligations
(1,312)28 617 (186)(1,771)
Over recovered regulatory clause revenues
(287)(3)(46)— (238)
Reliability reserves
(179)(143)— (36)— 
Storm/property damage reserves
(120)(76)— (44)— 
Other regulatory liabilities
(333)(94)(23)(2)(101)
Total regulatory assets (liabilities), net$6,523 $2,720 $5,090 $90 $(2,225)
(*)Generally not earning a return as they are excluded from rate base or are offset in rate base by a corresponding asset or liability.
Unless otherwise noted, the following recovery and amortization periods for these regulatory assets and (liabilities) have been approved by the respective state PSC or regulatory agency:
AROs and other cost of removal obligations – Generally recorded over the related property lives, which may range up to 64 years for Alabama Power, 54 years for Georgia Power, 67 years for Mississippi Power, and 85 years for Southern Company Gas. AROs and other cost of removal obligations are settled and trued up following completion of the related activities. Alabama Power is recovering CCR ARO expenditures over a 38-year period ending in 2054 through Rate CNP Compliance. Effective January 1, 2023, Georgia Power is recovering CCR ARO expenditures over four-year periods through its ECCR tariff. Prior to 2023, expenditures were recovered over three-year periods. See "Georgia Power – Rate Plans" herein and Note 6 for additional information.
Retiree benefit plans – Recovered and amortized over the average remaining service period, which may range up to 14 years for Alabama Power, Georgia Power, Mississippi Power, and Southern Company Gas. Southern Company's balances also include amounts at SCS and Southern Nuclear that are allocated to the applicable regulated utilities. See Note 11 for additional information.
Remaining net book value of retired assets
Alabama Power: Primarily represents the net book value of Plant Gorgas Unit 10 ($419 million at December 31, 2024) being amortized over 13 years (through 2037) and Plant Barry Unit 4 ($35 million at December 31, 2024) being amortized over 10 years (through 2034). See "Alabama Power – Environmental Accounting Order" herein for additional information.
Georgia Power: Net book values of Plant Wansley Units 1 and 2 and Plant Hammond Units 3 and 4 (totaling $418 million and $302 million, respectively, at December 31, 2024) are being amortized over remaining periods between one and 11 years (between 2025 and 2035). Balance also includes unusable materials and supplies inventories, for which the Georgia PSC will determine a recovery period in a future base rate case.
Mississippi Power: Represents net book value of certain environmental compliance assets at Plant Watson and Plant Greene County. The retail portion is being amortized over 10 years (through 2033) and the wholesale portion is being amortized over 10 years (through 2034). See "Mississippi Power – Environmental Compliance Overview Plan" herein for additional information.
Deferred income tax charges and credits – Charges are recovered and credits are primarily amortized over the related property lives, which may range up to 64 years for Alabama Power, 54 years for Georgia Power, 67 years for Mississippi Power, and 85 years for Southern Company Gas. See Note 10 for additional information. These accounts include certain deferred income tax assets and liabilities not subject to normalization, as described further below:
Alabama Power: Related amounts at December 31, 2024 include excess federal deferred income tax liabilities that are available for the benefit of customers in 2025, as discussed under "Alabama Power – Excess Accumulated Deferred Income Tax Accounting Order" herein. Remaining amounts are being recovered and amortized ratably over the related property lives.
Georgia Power: Related amounts at December 31, 2024 include $135 million of deferred income tax assets related to construction costs for Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 being recovered over 10 years (through 2034) and $102 million of excess state deferred income tax liabilities that will be returned to customers in 2025. See "Georgia Power – Nuclear Construction – Regulatory Matters" herein for additional information on recovery of costs related to Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4.
Southern Company Gas: Related amounts at December 31, 2024 include $24 million of deferred income tax liabilities being amortized over periods generally not exceeding five years, primarily related to excess state deferred income tax liabilities. See "Southern Company Gas – Rate Proceedings" herein for additional information.
Storm damage – See "Georgia Power – Storm Damage Recovery" herein and Note 1 under "Storm Damage and Reliability Reserves" for additional information. Mississippi Power's balance represents deferred storm costs associated with Hurricanes Ida and Zeta being recovered through PEP over seven years (through 2029).
Deferred depreciation
Alabama Power: Represents deferred depreciation for Plant Barry Unit 5 ($114 million at December 31, 2024) and Plant Barry common coal assets ($48 million at December 31, 2024) to be amortized until 2036 beginning when Plant Barry Unit 5 is retired and Plant Gaston Unit 5 coal assets ($124 million at December 31, 2024) to be amortized until 2039 beginning when the assets are retired.
Georgia Power: Represents deferred depreciation for Plant Scherer Units 1 through 3 ($139 million at December 31, 2024) to be amortized over six years beginning in 2029 and Plant Bowen Units 1 and 2 ($80 million at December 31, 2024) to be amortized over four years beginning in 2031, both as approved under Georgia Power's 2022 ARP, and Plant Vogtle Unit 3 and common facilities ($29 million at December 31, 2024) being amortized over 10 years (through 2034). See "Georgia Power – Nuclear Construction – Regulatory Matters" herein for additional information on recovery of costs related to Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4.
Environmental remediation – Effective January 1, 2023, Georgia Power is recovering $5 million annually for environmental remediation under the 2022 ARP. Southern Company Gas' costs are recovered through environmental cost recovery mechanisms when the remediation work is performed. See Note 3 under "Environmental Remediation" for additional information.
Vacation pay – Recorded as earned by employees and recovered as paid, generally within one year. Includes both vacation and banked holiday pay, if applicable.
Loss on reacquired debt – Recovered over either the remaining life of the original issue or, if refinanced, over the remaining life of the new issue. At December 31, 2024, the remaining amortization periods do not exceed 23 years for Alabama Power, 28 years for Georgia Power, 17 years for Mississippi Power, and three years for Southern Company Gas.
Software and cloud computing costs – Represents certain deferred operations and maintenance costs associated with software and cloud computing projects. For Alabama Power, costs are amortized ratably over the life of the related software, which ranges up to 10 years (through 2034). For Georgia Power, costs incurred through 2022 are being amortized over five years (through 2027), and the recovery period for costs incurred after 2022 will be determined in its next base rate case. For Mississippi Power, the recovery period will be determined in Mississippi Power's annual PEP filing process following the completion of the projects and is expected to begin no earlier than 2026. For Southern Company Gas, costs are being amortized ratably over the life of the related software, which ranges up to 10 years (through 2034).
Under and over recovered regulatory clause revenues
Alabama Power: Balances are recorded monthly and expected to be recovered over periods of up to six years, with the majority expected to be recovered within one year. See "Alabama Power – Rate CNP PPA," " – Rate CNP Compliance," and " – Rate ECR" herein for additional information.
Georgia Power: Balances are recorded monthly and expected to be recovered or returned within two years. See "Georgia Power – Rate Plans" herein for additional information.
Mississippi Power: At December 31, 2024, $17 million is expected to be recovered through various rate recovery mechanisms over a period to be determined in future rate filings. See "Mississippi Power – Ad Valorem Tax Adjustment" herein for additional information.
Southern Company Gas: Balances are recorded and recovered or amortized over periods generally not exceeding five years. In addition to natural gas cost recovery mechanisms, the natural gas distribution utilities have various other cost recovery mechanisms for the recovery of costs, including those related to infrastructure replacement programs.
Regulatory clauses
Alabama Power: Effective January 1, 2023, balance is being amortized through Rate RSE over a five-year period ending in 2027.
Southern Company Gas: Represents amounts related to Nicor Gas' volume balancing adjustment rider expected to be recovered over a period of less than two years.
Nuclear outage – Costs are deferred to a regulatory asset when incurred and amortized over a subsequent period of 18 months for Alabama Power and up to 24 months for Georgia Power. See Note 5 for additional information.
Fuel-hedging (realized and unrealized) losses and gains – Assets and liabilities are recorded over the life of the underlying hedged purchase contracts. Upon final settlement, actual costs incurred are recovered through the applicable traditional electric operating company's fuel cost recovery mechanism. Purchase contracts generally do not exceed three and a half years for Alabama Power, three years for Georgia Power, and four years for Mississippi Power. Immaterial amounts for fuel-hedging gains at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are included in other regulatory liabilities.
Qualifying repairs of natural gas distribution systems – Represents deferred costs of certain repairs at Atlanta Gas Light being amortized over 20 years.
Long-term debt fair value adjustment – Recovered over the remaining lives of the original debt issuances at acquisition, which range up to 14 years at December 31, 2024.
Plant Daniel Units 3 and 4 – Represents the difference between Mississippi Power's revenue requirement for Plant Daniel Units 3 and 4 under purchase accounting and operating lease accounting. At December 31, 2024, consists of the $16 million retail portion being amortized through 2039 over the remaining life of the related property and the $8 million wholesale portion being amortized over 10 years (through 2034).
Other regulatory assets – Comprised of numerous immaterial components with remaining amortization periods at December 31, 2024 generally not exceeding 19 years for Alabama Power, 10 years for Georgia Power, 10 years for Mississippi Power, and 15 years for Southern Company Gas.
Reliability reserves and storm/property damage reserves – Utilized as related expenses are incurred. See "Alabama Power – Rate NDR" and " – Reliability Reserve Accounting Order," "Georgia Power – Storm Damage Recovery," and "Mississippi Power – System Restoration Rider" and " – Reliability Reserve Accounting Order" herein and Note 1 under "Storm Damage and Reliability Reserves" for additional information.
Nuclear fuel disposal cost recovery – Represents award resulting from litigation related to nuclear fuel disposal costs. See Note 3 under "Nuclear Fuel Disposal Costs" for additional information.
Other regulatory liabilities – Comprised of numerous immaterial components with remaining amortization periods at December 31, 2024 generally not exceeding one year for Alabama Power, three years for Georgia Power, one year for Mississippi Power, and 20 years for Southern Company Gas.
The following table illustrates Southern Company Gas' authorized ratemaking amounts that are not recognized on its balance sheets. These amounts are primarily comprised of an allowed equity rate of return on assets associated with certain regulatory infrastructure programs. These amounts will be recognized as revenues in Southern Company Gas' financial statements in the periods they are billable to customers, the majority of which will be recovered by 2025.
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Atlanta Gas Light$11 $23 
Virginia Natural Gas10 10 
Chattanooga Gas7 
Nicor Gas 
Total$28 $43 
Schedule of regulatory liabilities
Details of regulatory assets and (liabilities) reflected in the balance sheets at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are provided in the following tables:
Southern CompanyAlabama PowerGeorgia PowerMississippi PowerSouthern Company Gas
(in millions)
At December 31, 2024
AROs(*)
$5,810 $1,906 $3,658 $248 $ 
Retiree benefit plans(*)
2,605 680 892 134 44 
Remaining net book value of retired assets
1,198 454 729 15  
Deferred income tax charges
927 264 634 27  
Storm damage
859  827 32  
Deferred depreciation
535 286 249   
Environmental remediation(*)
249  16  233 
Vacation pay(*)
224 85 112 12 15 
Loss on reacquired debt
219 32 183 4  
Software and cloud computing costs
200 76 116 4 4 
Under recovered regulatory clause revenues
167 119  17 31 
Regulatory clauses
162 82   80 
Nuclear outage
92 39 53   
Fuel-hedging (realized and unrealized) losses
69 23 29 17  
Qualifying repairs of natural gas distribution systems
53    53 
Long-term debt fair value adjustment
52    52 
Plant Daniel Units 3 and 4
23   23  
Other regulatory assets
184 42 40 30 72 
Deferred income tax credits
(4,536)(1,398)(2,149)(219)(755)
Other cost of removal obligations
(1,176)24 816 (170)(1,846)
Over recovered regulatory clause revenues
(285)(29)(52) (204)
Reliability reserves
(188)(131) (57) 
Storm/property damage reserves
(122)(70) (52) 
Nuclear fuel disposal cost recovery
(100)(100)   
Other regulatory liabilities
(180)(28)(14)(6)(31)
Total regulatory assets (liabilities), net$7,041 $2,356 $6,139 $59 $(2,252)
Southern CompanyAlabama PowerGeorgia PowerMississippi PowerSouthern Company Gas
(in millions)
At December 31, 2023
AROs(*)
$5,733 $1,936 $3,505 $247 $— 
Retiree benefit plans(*)
3,011 815 976 140 146 
Remaining net book value of retired assets
1,357 499 841 17 — 
Deferred income tax charges
897 262 605 28 — 
Under recovered regulatory clause revenues
413 381 — 12 20 
Fuel-hedging (realized and unrealized) losses
270 100 121 49 — 
Deferred depreciation
270 143 127 — — 
Environmental remediation(*)
255 — 20 — 235 
Loss on reacquired debt
238 35 197 
Vacation pay(*)
217 83 107 11 16 
Software and cloud computing costs
150 59 84 
Regulatory clauses
140 112 — — 28 
Storm damage
92 — 54 38 — 
Nuclear outage
83 50 33 — — 
Long-term debt fair value adjustment
60 — — — 60 
Qualifying repairs of natural gas distribution systems
40 — — — 40 
Plant Daniel Units 3 and 4
25 — — 25 — 
Other regulatory assets
189 39 33 25 93 
Deferred income tax credits
(4,686)(1,506)(2,161)(241)(759)
Other cost of removal obligations
(1,312)28 617 (186)(1,771)
Over recovered regulatory clause revenues
(287)(3)(46)— (238)
Reliability reserves
(179)(143)— (36)— 
Storm/property damage reserves
(120)(76)— (44)— 
Other regulatory liabilities
(333)(94)(23)(2)(101)
Total regulatory assets (liabilities), net$6,523 $2,720 $5,090 $90 $(2,225)
(*)Generally not earning a return as they are excluded from rate base or are offset in rate base by a corresponding asset or liability.
Unless otherwise noted, the following recovery and amortization periods for these regulatory assets and (liabilities) have been approved by the respective state PSC or regulatory agency:
AROs and other cost of removal obligations – Generally recorded over the related property lives, which may range up to 64 years for Alabama Power, 54 years for Georgia Power, 67 years for Mississippi Power, and 85 years for Southern Company Gas. AROs and other cost of removal obligations are settled and trued up following completion of the related activities. Alabama Power is recovering CCR ARO expenditures over a 38-year period ending in 2054 through Rate CNP Compliance. Effective January 1, 2023, Georgia Power is recovering CCR ARO expenditures over four-year periods through its ECCR tariff. Prior to 2023, expenditures were recovered over three-year periods. See "Georgia Power – Rate Plans" herein and Note 6 for additional information.
Retiree benefit plans – Recovered and amortized over the average remaining service period, which may range up to 14 years for Alabama Power, Georgia Power, Mississippi Power, and Southern Company Gas. Southern Company's balances also include amounts at SCS and Southern Nuclear that are allocated to the applicable regulated utilities. See Note 11 for additional information.
Remaining net book value of retired assets
Alabama Power: Primarily represents the net book value of Plant Gorgas Unit 10 ($419 million at December 31, 2024) being amortized over 13 years (through 2037) and Plant Barry Unit 4 ($35 million at December 31, 2024) being amortized over 10 years (through 2034). See "Alabama Power – Environmental Accounting Order" herein for additional information.
Georgia Power: Net book values of Plant Wansley Units 1 and 2 and Plant Hammond Units 3 and 4 (totaling $418 million and $302 million, respectively, at December 31, 2024) are being amortized over remaining periods between one and 11 years (between 2025 and 2035). Balance also includes unusable materials and supplies inventories, for which the Georgia PSC will determine a recovery period in a future base rate case.
Mississippi Power: Represents net book value of certain environmental compliance assets at Plant Watson and Plant Greene County. The retail portion is being amortized over 10 years (through 2033) and the wholesale portion is being amortized over 10 years (through 2034). See "Mississippi Power – Environmental Compliance Overview Plan" herein for additional information.
Deferred income tax charges and credits – Charges are recovered and credits are primarily amortized over the related property lives, which may range up to 64 years for Alabama Power, 54 years for Georgia Power, 67 years for Mississippi Power, and 85 years for Southern Company Gas. See Note 10 for additional information. These accounts include certain deferred income tax assets and liabilities not subject to normalization, as described further below:
Alabama Power: Related amounts at December 31, 2024 include excess federal deferred income tax liabilities that are available for the benefit of customers in 2025, as discussed under "Alabama Power – Excess Accumulated Deferred Income Tax Accounting Order" herein. Remaining amounts are being recovered and amortized ratably over the related property lives.
Georgia Power: Related amounts at December 31, 2024 include $135 million of deferred income tax assets related to construction costs for Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 being recovered over 10 years (through 2034) and $102 million of excess state deferred income tax liabilities that will be returned to customers in 2025. See "Georgia Power – Nuclear Construction – Regulatory Matters" herein for additional information on recovery of costs related to Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4.
Southern Company Gas: Related amounts at December 31, 2024 include $24 million of deferred income tax liabilities being amortized over periods generally not exceeding five years, primarily related to excess state deferred income tax liabilities. See "Southern Company Gas – Rate Proceedings" herein for additional information.
Storm damage – See "Georgia Power – Storm Damage Recovery" herein and Note 1 under "Storm Damage and Reliability Reserves" for additional information. Mississippi Power's balance represents deferred storm costs associated with Hurricanes Ida and Zeta being recovered through PEP over seven years (through 2029).
Deferred depreciation
Alabama Power: Represents deferred depreciation for Plant Barry Unit 5 ($114 million at December 31, 2024) and Plant Barry common coal assets ($48 million at December 31, 2024) to be amortized until 2036 beginning when Plant Barry Unit 5 is retired and Plant Gaston Unit 5 coal assets ($124 million at December 31, 2024) to be amortized until 2039 beginning when the assets are retired.
Georgia Power: Represents deferred depreciation for Plant Scherer Units 1 through 3 ($139 million at December 31, 2024) to be amortized over six years beginning in 2029 and Plant Bowen Units 1 and 2 ($80 million at December 31, 2024) to be amortized over four years beginning in 2031, both as approved under Georgia Power's 2022 ARP, and Plant Vogtle Unit 3 and common facilities ($29 million at December 31, 2024) being amortized over 10 years (through 2034). See "Georgia Power – Nuclear Construction – Regulatory Matters" herein for additional information on recovery of costs related to Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4.
Environmental remediation – Effective January 1, 2023, Georgia Power is recovering $5 million annually for environmental remediation under the 2022 ARP. Southern Company Gas' costs are recovered through environmental cost recovery mechanisms when the remediation work is performed. See Note 3 under "Environmental Remediation" for additional information.
Vacation pay – Recorded as earned by employees and recovered as paid, generally within one year. Includes both vacation and banked holiday pay, if applicable.
Loss on reacquired debt – Recovered over either the remaining life of the original issue or, if refinanced, over the remaining life of the new issue. At December 31, 2024, the remaining amortization periods do not exceed 23 years for Alabama Power, 28 years for Georgia Power, 17 years for Mississippi Power, and three years for Southern Company Gas.
Software and cloud computing costs – Represents certain deferred operations and maintenance costs associated with software and cloud computing projects. For Alabama Power, costs are amortized ratably over the life of the related software, which ranges up to 10 years (through 2034). For Georgia Power, costs incurred through 2022 are being amortized over five years (through 2027), and the recovery period for costs incurred after 2022 will be determined in its next base rate case. For Mississippi Power, the recovery period will be determined in Mississippi Power's annual PEP filing process following the completion of the projects and is expected to begin no earlier than 2026. For Southern Company Gas, costs are being amortized ratably over the life of the related software, which ranges up to 10 years (through 2034).
Under and over recovered regulatory clause revenues
Alabama Power: Balances are recorded monthly and expected to be recovered over periods of up to six years, with the majority expected to be recovered within one year. See "Alabama Power – Rate CNP PPA," " – Rate CNP Compliance," and " – Rate ECR" herein for additional information.
Georgia Power: Balances are recorded monthly and expected to be recovered or returned within two years. See "Georgia Power – Rate Plans" herein for additional information.
Mississippi Power: At December 31, 2024, $17 million is expected to be recovered through various rate recovery mechanisms over a period to be determined in future rate filings. See "Mississippi Power – Ad Valorem Tax Adjustment" herein for additional information.
Southern Company Gas: Balances are recorded and recovered or amortized over periods generally not exceeding five years. In addition to natural gas cost recovery mechanisms, the natural gas distribution utilities have various other cost recovery mechanisms for the recovery of costs, including those related to infrastructure replacement programs.
Regulatory clauses
Alabama Power: Effective January 1, 2023, balance is being amortized through Rate RSE over a five-year period ending in 2027.
Southern Company Gas: Represents amounts related to Nicor Gas' volume balancing adjustment rider expected to be recovered over a period of less than two years.
Nuclear outage – Costs are deferred to a regulatory asset when incurred and amortized over a subsequent period of 18 months for Alabama Power and up to 24 months for Georgia Power. See Note 5 for additional information.
Fuel-hedging (realized and unrealized) losses and gains – Assets and liabilities are recorded over the life of the underlying hedged purchase contracts. Upon final settlement, actual costs incurred are recovered through the applicable traditional electric operating company's fuel cost recovery mechanism. Purchase contracts generally do not exceed three and a half years for Alabama Power, three years for Georgia Power, and four years for Mississippi Power. Immaterial amounts for fuel-hedging gains at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are included in other regulatory liabilities.
Qualifying repairs of natural gas distribution systems – Represents deferred costs of certain repairs at Atlanta Gas Light being amortized over 20 years.
Long-term debt fair value adjustment – Recovered over the remaining lives of the original debt issuances at acquisition, which range up to 14 years at December 31, 2024.
Plant Daniel Units 3 and 4 – Represents the difference between Mississippi Power's revenue requirement for Plant Daniel Units 3 and 4 under purchase accounting and operating lease accounting. At December 31, 2024, consists of the $16 million retail portion being amortized through 2039 over the remaining life of the related property and the $8 million wholesale portion being amortized over 10 years (through 2034).
Other regulatory assets – Comprised of numerous immaterial components with remaining amortization periods at December 31, 2024 generally not exceeding 19 years for Alabama Power, 10 years for Georgia Power, 10 years for Mississippi Power, and 15 years for Southern Company Gas.
Reliability reserves and storm/property damage reserves – Utilized as related expenses are incurred. See "Alabama Power – Rate NDR" and " – Reliability Reserve Accounting Order," "Georgia Power – Storm Damage Recovery," and "Mississippi Power – System Restoration Rider" and " – Reliability Reserve Accounting Order" herein and Note 1 under "Storm Damage and Reliability Reserves" for additional information.
Nuclear fuel disposal cost recovery – Represents award resulting from litigation related to nuclear fuel disposal costs. See Note 3 under "Nuclear Fuel Disposal Costs" for additional information.
Other regulatory liabilities – Comprised of numerous immaterial components with remaining amortization periods at December 31, 2024 generally not exceeding one year for Alabama Power, three years for Georgia Power, one year for Mississippi Power, and 20 years for Southern Company Gas.
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the environmental remediation liability and the balance of under recovered environmental remediation costs were reflected in the balance sheets of Southern Company, Georgia Power, and Southern Company Gas as shown in the table below. Alabama Power and Mississippi Power did not have environmental remediation liabilities at December 31, 2024 or 2023.
Southern CompanyGeorgia
Power
Southern Company Gas
(in millions)
December 31, 2024:
Environmental remediation liability:
Other current liabilities$37 $13 $24 
Accrued environmental remediation198  198 
Under recovered environmental remediation costs:
Other regulatory assets, current$37 $5 $32 
Other regulatory assets, deferred212 11 201 
December 31, 2023:
Environmental remediation liability:
Other current liabilities$44 $14 $30 
Accrued environmental remediation192 — 192 
Under recovered environmental remediation costs:
Other regulatory assets, current$45 $$40 
Other regulatory assets, deferred210 15 195 
Public utilities general disclosures Details of tariff adjustments are provided in the following table:
Tariff202320242025
(in millions)
Traditional base(a)
$194 $275 $194 
ECCR(21)(99)126 
DSM37 10 (22)
MFF
Total(b)
$216 $191 $306 
(a)For 2025, net of $122 million related to the Georgia state tax rate reduction.
(b)Totals may not add due to rounding.
The following table provides regulatory information for Southern Company Gas' natural gas distribution utilities:
Nicor
Gas
Atlanta Gas
Light
Virginia
Natural Gas
Chattanooga
Gas
Authorized ROE at December 31, 2024
9.51%10.25%9.70%9.80%
Weather normalization mechanisms(a)
üü
Decoupled, including straight-fixed-variable rates(b)
üüü
Regulatory infrastructure program rate(c)
üüü
Bad debt rider(d)
üüü
Energy efficiency plan(e)
üü
Annual base rate adjustment mechanism(f)
üü
Year of last base rate case decision2023201920232018
(a)Designed to help stabilize operating results by allowing recovery of costs in the event of unseasonal weather, but are not direct offsets to the potential impacts on earnings of weather and customer consumption.
(b)Allows for recovery of fixed residential customer service costs separately from assumed natural gas volumes used by customers and provides a benchmark level of revenue for recovery.
(c)See "Infrastructure Replacement Programs and Capital Projects" herein for additional information. Chattanooga Gas' pipeline replacement program costs are recovered through its annual base rate review mechanism.
(d)The recovery (refund) of bad debt expense over (under) an established benchmark expense. The gas portion of bad debt expense is recovered through purchased gas adjustment mechanisms. Nicor Gas also has a rider to recover the non-gas portion of bad debt expense.
(e)Recovery of costs associated with plans to achieve specified energy savings goals.
(f)Regulatory mechanism allowing annual adjustments to base rates up or down based on authorized ROE and/or ROE range.
The following table and discussions provide updates on the infrastructure replacement programs and capital projects at the natural gas distribution utilities at December 31, 2024. These programs are risk-based and designed to update and replace cast iron, bare steel, and mid-vintage plastic materials or expand Southern Company Gas' distribution systems to improve reliability and meet operational flexibility and growth.
UtilityProgramRecovery
Capital Expenditures in 2024
Capital Expenditures Since Project Inception
Pipe
Installed Since
Project Inception
Scope of
Program
Program DurationLast
Year of Program
(in millions)(miles)(miles)(years)
Virginia Natural Gas
SAVE
Rider$75 $561 598 938 182029
Atlanta Gas LightSystem Reinforcement RiderRider99 279 29 N/A62027
Chattanooga GasPipeline Replacement ProgramRate Base12 28 24 73 72027
Total$186 $868 651 1,011 
The following table provides a summary of QIP capital investments during the nine-year program:
Year Status of QIP Annual Review Proceeding
Capital Investments
DisallowedMonth of Disallowance
(in millions)
2015 – 2018Complete$1,246 $— 
2019
Complete(a)
415 32 June 2023
2020
Filed March 2021
402 
(b)
2021
Filed March 2022
392 
(b)
2022
Filed March 2023
408 
(b)
(c)(d)
November 2023
2023
Filed March 2024
365 
(b)
25 
(c)(d)
November 2023
$3,228 $63 
(a)Petition for leave to appeal filed to the Illinois Supreme Court for $14 million.
(b)Capital investments are subject to the required QIP annual review proceeding; years 2020 through 2023 are pending with the Illinois Commission.
(c)Appealed to the Illinois Appellate Court.
(d)Disallowed in Nicor Gas' 2023 general base rate case proceeding. See "Rate Proceedings – Nicor Gas" herein for additional information regarding the Illinois Commission's disallowance of certain capital investments.
Schedule of revised cost and schedule
Georgia Power's net capital costs incurred through December 31, 2024 in connection with Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4, and its approximate proportionate share of additional capital costs to be incurred after December 31, 2024, including completion of site demobilization and remaining contractor obligations, is as follows:
(in millions)
Total project capital cost forecast(a)(b)
$10,732 
Net investment at December 31, 2024(b)
(10,663)
Remaining estimate to complete$69 
(a)Includes approximately $1.2 billion of costs that are not shared with the other Vogtle Owners. Excludes financing costs capitalized through AFUDC of approximately $440 million accrued through Unit 4's in-service date.
(b)Net of $1.7 billion received from Toshiba under the Guarantee Settlement Agreement and approximately $188 million in related customer refunds.