Derivatives and Hedging

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2013

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivatives and Hedging

Derivatives and Hedging

The Company is exposed to market risks, including changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. To manage the risk related to these exposures, the Company enters into various derivative instruments that reduce these risks by creating offsetting exposures. The Company does not enter into derivative transactions for trading or speculative purposes.

Foreign Exchange Risk Management

The Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk when it receives revenues, pays expenses, or enters into intercompany loans denominated in a currency that differs from its functional currency, or other transactions that are denominated in a currency other than its functional currency. The Company uses foreign exchange derivatives, typically forward contracts, options and cross currency swaps, to reduce its overall exposure to the effects of currency fluctuations on cash flows. These exposures are hedged, on average, for less than two years; however, in limited instances, the Company has hedged certain exposures up to five years in the future.

The Company also uses foreign exchange derivatives, typically forward contracts and options, to hedge its net investments in foreign operations for up to two years in the future.

The Company also uses foreign exchange derivatives, typically forward contracts and options, to manage the currency exposure of the Company's global liquidity profile, including monetary assets or liabilities that are denominated in a non-functional currency of an entity, for up to one year in the future. These derivatives are not accounted for as hedges, and changes in fair value are recorded each period in Other income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Interest Rate Risk Management

The Company holds variable-rate short-term brokerage and other operating deposits. The Company uses interest rate derivatives, typically swaps, to reduce its exposure to the effects of interest rate fluctuations on the forecasted interest receipts from these deposits for up to two years in the future.

Certain derivatives also give rise to credit risks from the possible non-performance by counterparties. The credit risk at the balance sheet date is generally limited to the fair value of those contracts that are favorable to the Company. The Company has reduced its credit risk by using International Swaps and Derivatives Association ("ISDA") master agreements, collateral and credit support arrangements, entering into non-exchange-traded derivatives with highly-rated major financial institutions and by using exchange-traded instruments. The Company monitors the creditworthiness of, and exposure to, its counterparties. As of December 31, 2013, all net derivative positions were free of credit risk contingent features. The Company has not received or pledged any collateral related to derivative arrangements as of December 31, 2013.

The notional and fair values of derivative instruments are as follows (in millions):

					Derivative Assets (1)				Derivative Liabilities (2)
	Notional Amount				Fair Value				Fair Value
As of December 31	2013		2012		2013		2012		2013		2012
Derivatives accounted for as hedges:
Interest rate contracts	$	171	$	336	$	9	$	17	$	—	$	—
Foreign exchange contracts	1,191		1,208		71		191		93		250
Total	1,362		1,544		80		208		93		250
Derivatives not accounted for as hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	215		305		—		2		—		1
Total	$	1,577	$	1,849	$	80	$	210	$	93	$	251

(1) Included within Other current assets ($46 million in 2013 and $167 million in 2012) or Other non-current assets ($34 million in 2013 and $43 million in 2012)

(2) Included within Other liabilities $51 million in 2013 and $171 million in 2012) or Other non-current liabilities ($42 million in 2013 and $80 million in 2012)

Offsetting of financial assets and derivatives assets are as follows (in millions):

	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets				Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position						Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Statement of Financial Position (1)
	2013		2012		2013			2012			2013		2012
Derivatives accounted for as hedges:
Interest rate contracts	$	9	$	17	$	—		$	—		$	9	$	17
Foreign exchange contracts	71		191		(30		)	(160		)	41		31
Total	80		208		(30		)	(160		)	50		48
Derivatives not accounted for as hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	—		2		—			—			—		2
Total	$	80	$	210	$	(30	)	$	(160	)	$	50	$	50

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(1) Included within Other current assets ($18 million in both 2013 and 2012) or Other non-current assets ($32 million in both 2013 and 2012)

Offsetting of financial liabilities and derivative liabilities are as follows (in millions):

	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities				Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position						Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position (2)
	2013		2012		2013			2012			2013		2012
Derivatives accounted for as hedges:
Interest rate contracts	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—
Foreign exchange contracts	93		250		(30		)	(160		)	63		90
Total	93		250		(30		)	(160		)	63		90
Derivatives not accounted for as hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	—		1		—			—			—		1
Total	$	93	$	251	$	(30	)	$	(160	)	$	63	$	91

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(2) Included within Other current liabilities ($23 million in both 2013 and 2012) or Other non-current liabilities ($40 million in 2013 and $68 million in 2012)

The amounts of derivative gains (losses) recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements are as follows (in millions):

	December 31,
Gain (Loss) recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss:	2013			2012			2011
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts (1)	$	2		$	—		$	(1	)
Foreign exchange contracts (2)	(4		)	(21		)	(54		)
Total	(2		)	(21		)	(55		)
Foreign net investment hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	—		$	4		$	(2	)

(1) Location of future reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss will be included within Interest Expense

(2) Location of future reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss will be included within Compensation and benefits ($17 million loss for 2013, $8 million loss for 2012 and $6 million loss for 2011), Other general expenses (none for 2013, $19 million loss for 2012 and $34 million loss for 2011), and Other income ($13 million gain for 2013, $6 million gain for 2012 and $14 million loss for 2011)

	December 31,
Gain (Loss) reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Income (Effective Portion):	2013			2012			2011
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts (1)	$	(1	)	$	(1	)	$	—
Foreign exchange contracts (2)	(10		)	(34		)	(36		)
Total	(11		)	(35		)	(36		)
Foreign net investment hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	—		$	—		$	—

(1) Included within Interest Expense

(2) Included within Compensation and benefits ($12 million loss for 2013, $9 million loss for 2012 and $3 million loss for 2011), Interest Expense ($3 million loss for 2013 and none for both 2012 and 2011), Other general expenses ($9 million loss for 2013, $16 million loss for 2012 and $25 million loss for 2011), and Other income ($14 million gain for 2013, $9 million loss for 2012 and $8 million loss for 2011)

The amount of gain (loss) recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements is as follows (in millions):

	Twelve months ended December 31,
	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative(2)							Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Related Hedged Item
	2013			2012		2011		2013		2012			2011
Fair value hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts(1)	$	(8	)	$	1	$	2	$	8	$	(1	)	$	(2	)

(1) Relates to fixed rate debt

(2) Included in interest expense

The Company estimates that approximately $20 million of pretax losses currently included within Accumulated other comprehensive loss will be reclassified into earnings in the next twelve months.

The amount of gain (loss) recognized in income on the ineffective portion of derivatives for 2013, 2012 and 2011 was not material.

The Company recorded a loss of $18 million and a gain of $13 million in Other income for foreign exchange derivatives not designated or qualifying as hedges for 2013 and 2012, respectively.