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Income Taxes (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
The provision (benefit) for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
 
$
181,640

 
$
146,633

 
$
114,687

State
 
36,281

 
33,054

 
27,358

Foreign
 
13,892

 
15,377

 
16,598

Deferred:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal and state
 
(8,398
)
 
(4,626
)
 
(7,759
)
Foreign
 
(181
)
 
983

 
(5,500
)
 
 
$
223,234

 
$
191,421

 
$
145,384
Income Before Provision for Income Taxes
Income before the provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Domestic
 
$
520,263

 
$
449,834

 
$
357,382

Foreign
 
60,767

 
47,515

 
40,197

 
 
$
581,030

 
$
497,349

 
$
397,579
Difference of Income Taxes from Statutory Federal Income Tax Rates
The income taxes shown above varied from the statutory federal income tax rates for these periods as follows:
 
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Federal U.S. income tax rate
 
35.0
 %
 
35.0
 %
 
35.0
 %
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit
 
4.2

 
4.2

 
4.3

Non-deductible expenses
 
0.5

 
0.6

 
0.7

Non-U.S. income taxed at different rates, net of foreign tax
credits
 
0.1

 
(0.2
)
 
(1.0
)
Federal tax credits
 
(0.6
)
 
(0.6
)
 
(1.3
)
Tax impact of uncertain tax positions
 
(0.2
)
 
(0.1
)
 
0.1

Valuation allowance release, net
 
(0.5
)
 
(0.3
)
 
(1.0
)
Other, net
 
(0.1
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(0.2
)
Effective tax rate
 
38.4
 %
 
38.5
 %
 
36.6
 %
Deferred Portion of Tax Provision (Benefit)
The deferred portion of the tax provision (benefit) consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Amortization of franchise rights
 
$
514

 
$
514

 
$
514

Amortization of other intangibles
 
1,590

 
1,241

 
621

Accrued expenses, deducted for tax when paid
 
(17,664
)
 
(14,221
)
 
(11,190
)
Capitalized costs for books, deducted for tax
 
5,315

 
8,809

 
3,019

Depreciation
 
(5,932
)
 
(4,147
)
 
(2,597
)
Federal impact of unrecognized tax benefits
 
1,058

 
44

 
(274
)
Foreign tax credit carryforwards
 
3,636

 
(186
)
 
(3,449
)
Other, net
 
2,904

 
4,303

 
97

 
 
$
(8,579
)
 
$
(3,643
)
 
$
(13,259
)
Deferred Income Tax Amounts Included on Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
The deferred income tax amounts included on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position are composed of the following (in thousands):
 
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2015
 
2014
Current deferred income tax assets, net
 
$
145,684

 
$
133,151

Long-term deferred income tax liabilities, net
 
(29,139
)
 
(26,807
)
 
 
$
116,545

 
$
106,344
Components of Deferred Income Tax Amounts
The components of the deferred income tax amounts at December 31, 2015 and 2014, were as follows (in thousands):
 
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2015
 
2014
Deferred Income Tax Assets
 
 
 
 
Provision for bad debts
 
$
11,092

 
$
9,210

Deferred compensation and other benefit obligations
 
96,948

 
83,065

Workers’ compensation
 
8,206

 
9,138

Stock-based compensation
 
15,814

 
14,572

Credits and net operating loss carryforwards
 
35,499

 
39,309

Other
 
23,885

 
25,316

Total deferred income tax assets
 
191,444

 
180,610

Deferred Income Tax Liabilities
 
 
 
 
Amortization of intangible assets
 
(26,960
)
 
(25,060
)
Property and equipment basis differences
 
(11,890
)
 
(12,384
)
Other
 
(9,720
)
 
(7,261
)
Total deferred income tax liabilities
 
(48,570
)
 
(44,705
)
Valuation allowance
 
(26,329
)
 
(29,561
)
Total deferred income tax assets, net
 
$
116,545

 
$
106,344
Reconciliation of Total Amounts of Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits
The following table reconciles the total amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015 (in thousands):
 
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
4,573

 
$
6,110

 
$
7,097

Gross increases—tax positions in prior years
 
—

 
1

 
559

Gross decreases—tax positions in prior years
 
(1,807
)
 
(333
)
 
(369
)
Gross increases—tax positions in current year
 
120

 
35

 
38

Settlements
 
(520
)
 
—

 
—

Lapse of statute of limitations
 
(1,552
)
 
(1,240
)
 
(1,215
)
Balance at end of period
 
$
814

 
$
4,573

 
$
6,110