RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURES	12 Months Ended
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURES	Dec. 31, 2016
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURES
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURES	14. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURES Research expenditures that relate to the development of new products and processes, including significant improvements and refinements to existing products, are expensed as incurred. Such costs were $189 million in 2016, $191 million in 2015 and $197 million in 2014. The Company did not participate in any material customer sponsored research during 2016, 2015 or 2014.

The entire disclosure for research, development, and computer software activities, including contracts and arrangements to be performed for others and with federal government. Includes costs incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or the entity's use, during the reporting period charged to research and development projects, including the costs of developing computer software up to the point in time of achieving technological feasibility and in-process research and development acquired in a business combination consummated during the period.