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USD ($)

USD ($) / shares

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&lt;td&gt;
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&lt;p style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #0082c7; FONT-FAMILY: Arial" color="#0082C7" size="3"&gt;13. RESEARCH EXPENDITURES&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"&gt;&lt;font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial" size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"&gt;&lt;font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial" size="2"&gt;Research expenditures that related to the development of new products and processes, including significant improvements and refinements to existing products are expensed as incurred. Such costs were $88 million in 2010 and $86 million in both 2009 and 2008.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
</NonNumbericText><NonNumericTextHeader>13. RESEARCH EXPENDITURES
&amp;nbsp;
Research expenditures that related to the development of new products and processes, including significant improvements and</NonNumericTextHeader><FootnoteIndexer /><CurrencyCode /><CurrencySymbol /><IsIndependantCurrency>false</IsIndependantCurrency><ShowCurrencySymbol>false</ShowCurrencySymbol><DisplayDateInUSFormat>false</DisplayDateInUSFormat><hasSegments>false</hasSegments><hasScenarios>false</hasScenarios></Cell></Cells><OriginalInstanceReportColumns /><Unit>Other</Unit><ElementDataType>us-types:textBlockItemType</ElementDataType><SimpleDataType>string</SimpleDataType><ElementDefenition>Description and amounts of research expenditures for the period.</ElementDefenition><ElementReferences>No authoritative reference available.</ElementReferences><IsTotalLabel>false</IsTotalLabel><IsEPS>false</IsEPS><Label>RESEARCH EXPENDITURES</Label></Row></Rows><Footnotes /><NumberOfCols>1</NumberOfCols><NumberOfRows>2</NumberOfRows><ReportName>RESEARCH EXPENDITURES</ReportName><MonetaryRoundingLevel>UnKnown</MonetaryRoundingLevel><SharesRoundingLevel>UnKnown</SharesRoundingLevel><PerShareRoundingLevel>UnKnown</PerShareRoundingLevel><ExchangeRateRoundingLevel>UnKnown</ExchangeRateRoundingLevel><HasCustomUnits>false</HasCustomUnits><SharesShouldBeRounded>true</SharesShouldBeRounded></InstanceReport>
