INCOME AND MINING TAXES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

INCOME AND MINING TAXES.

Schedule of deferred income tax recovery (expense)

	2019		2018		2017
United States	$	2,420	$	2,185	$	10,349
Foreign		1,424		585		5,020
Deferred tax benefit	$	3,844	$	2,770	$	15,369

Schedule of net income (loss) before tax

	2019		2018		2017
United States	$	(22,319)	$	(27,001)	$	(19,913)
Foreign		(41,272)		(20,639)		(6,090)
Loss before income and mining taxes	$	(63,591)	$	(47,640)	$	(26,003)

Schedule of reconciliation of the tax provision at statutory U.S. Federal and State income tax rates to the actual tax provision recorded in the financial statement

Expected tax recovery at	2019		2018		2017
Loss before income and mining taxes	$	(63,591)	$	(47,640)	$	(26,003)
Statutory tax rate		21%		21%		35%
US Federal and State tax expense at statutory rate		(13,354)		(10,004)		(9,101)
Reconciling items:
Equity pickup in MSC		2,626		2,966		(16)
Deferred foreign income inclusion		598		5,963		21,002
Realized flow-through expenditures		3,150		2,100		—
Realized flow-through premium		(2,954)		(1,675)		—
Foreign tax credits		—		—		(16,628)
Tax rate changes		976		—		28,048
Adjustment for foreign tax rates		(200)		40		115
Other permanent differences		8,540		4,419		(1,761)
Unrealized foreign exchange rate (loss)/gain		(1,095)		(6,935)		2,469
NOL expires and revisions		810		(120)		(2,806)
Valuation allowance		(2,941)		476		(36,691)
Income and mining tax recovery	$	(3,844)	$	(2,770)	$	(15,369)

Schedule of tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities

	2019		2018
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforward	$	57,667	$	55,515
Mineral Properties		60,299		62,345
Other temporary differences		14,356		15,198
Total gross deferred tax assets		132,322		133,058
Less: valuation allowance		(121,212)		(124,153)
Net deferred tax assets	$	11,110	$	8,905
Deferred tax liabilities:
Acquired mineral property interests		(16,024)		(15,331)
Total deferred tax liabilities	$	(16,024)	$	(15,331)
Deferred income and mining tax liability	$	(4,914)	$	(6,426)

Summary of changes in valuation allowance

For the year ended December 31,	Balance at beginning of period		Additions(a)		Deductions(b)		Balance at end of period
2019	$	124,153	$	2,104	$	(5,045)	$	121,212
2018		123,648		12,232		(11,727)		124,153
2017		111,621		51,220		(39,193)		123,648

(a) The additions to valuation allowance mainly results from the Company and its subsidiaries incurring losses and exploration expenses for tax purposes which do not meet the more-likely-than-not criterion for recognition of deferred tax assets.

(b) The reductions to valuation allowance mainly results from release of valuation allowance, expiration of the Company’s tax attributes, foreign exchange reductions of tax attributes in Canada, Mexico and Argentina and inflationary adjustments to tax attributes in Argentina.

Summary of company's non operating losses that can be applied against future taxable profit

Country	Type of Loss	Amount		Expiry Period
United States(a)	Net-operating losses	$	129,409	2020-2039
Mexico	Net-operating losses		34,876	2020-2029
Canada(a)	Net-operating losses		36,692	2020-2039
Argentina(a)	Net-operating losses		41,922	2020-2024

(a) The losses in the United States, Canada, and Argentina are part of multiple consolidating groups, and therefore, may be restricted in use to specific projects.