20-F

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 20-F

☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

or

☑ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from/to

or

☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report:

Commission file number 1-6439

Sony Kabushiki Kaisha

(Exact Name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

SONY CORPORATION

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

Japan

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

7-1, KONAN 1-CHOME, MINATO-KU,

TOKYO 108-0075 JAPAN

(Address of principal executive offices)

J. Justin Hill, Senior Vice President, Investor Relations

Sony Corporation of America

25 Madison Avenue, 26^th Floor

New York, NY 10010-8601

Telephone: 212-833-6722

E-mail: ir@sony.com

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
American Depositary Shares*	SNE	New York Stock Exchange
Common Stock**	SNE	New York Stock Exchange

* American Depositary Shares evidenced by American Depositary Receipts.

Each American Depositary Share represents one share of Common Stock.

** No par value per share.

Not for trading, but only in connection with the listing of American Depositary Shares pursuant to the requirements of the New York Stock Exchange.

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

None

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the Annual Report:

	Outstanding as of
	March 31, 2019		March 31, 2019
Title of Class	(Tokyo Time)		(New York Time)
Common Stock		1,250,746,867
American Depositary Shares				117,903,577

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ☑    No  ☐

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.    Yes  ☐    No  ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☑    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☑    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

☑  Large accelerated filer ☐  Accelerated filer ☐  Non-accelerated filer ☐  Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ☐

† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

US GAAP  ☑ International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board  ☐ Other  ☐

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

Item 17  ☐ Item 18  ☐

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes  ☐ No  ☑

Cautionary Statement

Statements made in this release with respect to Sony’s current plans, estimates, strategies and beliefs and other statements that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements about the future performance of Sony. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those statements using words such as “believe,” “expect,” “plans,” “strategy,” “prospects,” “forecast,” “estimate,” “project,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “intend,” “seek,” “may,” “might,” “could” or “should,” and words of similar meaning in connection with a discussion of future operations, financial performance, events or conditions. From time to time, oral or written forward-looking statements may also be included in other materials released to the public. These statements are based on management’s assumptions, judgments and beliefs in light of the information currently available to it. Sony cautions investors that a number of important risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements, and therefore investors should not place undue reliance on them. Investors also should not rely on any obligation of Sony to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Sony disclaims any such obligation. Risks and uncertainties that might affect Sony include, but are not limited to:

(i) Sony’s ability to maintain product quality and customer satisfaction with its products and services;

(ii) Sony’s ability to continue to design and develop and win acceptance of, as well as achieve sufficient cost reductions for, its products and services, including image sensors, game and network platforms, smartphones and televisions, which are offered in highly competitive markets characterized by severe price competition and continual new product and service introductions, rapid development in technology and subjective and changing customer preferences;

(iii) Sony’s ability to implement successful hardware, software, and content integration strategies, and to develop and implement successful sales and distribution strategies in light of new technologies and distribution platforms;

(iv) the effectiveness of Sony’s strategies and their execution, including but not limited to the success of Sony’s acquisitions, joint ventures, investments, capital expenditures, restructurings and other strategic initiatives;

(v) changes in laws, regulations and government policies in the markets in which Sony and its third-party suppliers, service providers and business partners operate, including those related to taxation, as well as growing consumer focus on corporate social responsibility;

(vi) Sony’s continued ability to identify the products, services and market trends with significant growth potential, to devote sufficient resources to research and development, to prioritize investments and capital expenditures correctly and to recoup its investments and capital expenditures, including those required for technology development and product capacity;

(vii) Sony’s reliance on external business partners, including for the procurement of parts, components, software and network services for its products or services, the manufacturing, marketing and distribution of its products, and its other business operations;

(viii) the global economic and political environment in which Sony operates and the economic and political conditions in Sony’s markets, particularly levels of consumer spending;

(ix) Sony’s ability to meet operational and liquidity needs as a result of significant volatility and disruption in the global financial markets or a ratings downgrade;

(x) Sony’s ability to forecast demands, manage timely procurement and control inventories;

(xi) foreign exchange rates, particularly between the yen and the U.S. dollar, the euro and other currencies in which Sony makes significant sales and incurs production costs, or in which Sony’s assets, liabilities and operating results are denominated;

(xii) Sony’s ability to recruit, retain and maintain productive relations with highly skilled personnel;

(xiii) Sony’s ability to prevent unauthorized use or theft of intellectual property rights, to obtain or renew licenses relating to intellectual property rights and to defend itself against claims that its products or services infringe the intellectual property rights owned by others;

(xiv) the impact of changes in interest rates and unfavorable conditions or developments (including market fluctuations or volatility) in the Japanese equity markets on the revenue and operating income of the Financial Services segment;

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(xv) shifts in customer demand for financial services such as life insurance and Sony’s ability to conduct successful asset liability management in the Financial Services segment;

(xvi) risks related to catastrophic disasters or similar events;

(xvii) the ability of Sony, its third-party service providers or business partners to anticipate and manage cybersecurity risk, including the risk of unauthorized access to Sony’s business information and the personally identifiable information of its employees and customers, potential business disruptions or financial losses; and

(xviii) the outcome of pending and/or future legal and/or regulatory proceedings.

Risks and uncertainties also include the impact of any future events with material adverse impact.

Important information regarding risks and uncertainties is also set forth elsewhere in this annual report, including in “Risk Factors” under “Item 3. Key Information,” “Item 4. Information on the Company,” “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects,” “Legal Proceedings” included in “Item 8. Financial Information,” Sony’s consolidated financial statements referenced in “Item 8. Financial Information” and “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.”

In this document, Sony Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries are together referred to as “Sony” or “Sony Group.” In addition, sales and operating revenue are referred to as “sales” in the narrative description except in the consolidated financial statements.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers	6
Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable	6
Item 3. Key Information	6
A. Selected Financial Data	6
B. Capitalization and Indebtedness	6
C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds	6
D. Risk Factors	6
Item 4. Information on the Company	16
A. History and Development of the Company	16
B. Business Overview	19
C. Organizational Structure	28
D. Property, Plant and Equipment	28
Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments	30
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects	30
A. Operating Results	30
B. Liquidity and Capital Resources	49
C. Research and Development	50
D. Trend Information	51
E. Off-balance Sheet Arrangements	55
F. Contractual Obligations, Commitments, and Contingent Liabilities	55
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates	56
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards	62
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	62
Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees	62
A. Directors and Senior Management	62
B. Compensation	68
C. Board Practices	73
D. Employees	82
E. Share Ownership	83
Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions	83
A. Major Shareholders	83
B. Related Party Transactions	84
C. Interests of Experts and Counsel	84
Item 8. Financial Information	84
A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information	84
Legal Proceedings	84
Dividend Policy	85
B. Significant Changes	85
Item 9. The Offer and Listing	85
A. Offer and Listing Details	85
B. Plan of Distribution	86
C. Markets	86
D. Selling Shareholders	86
E. Dilution	86
F. Expenses of the Issue	86
Item 10. Additional Information	86
A. Share Capital	86
B. Memorandum and Articles of Association	86
C. Material Contracts	94
D. Exchange Controls	94
E. Taxation	95
F. Dividends and Paying Agent	98
G. Statement by Experts	98
H. Documents on Display	98
I. Subsidiary Information	98
Item 11.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	98
Item 12.  Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities	100
A. Debt Securities	100

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B. Warrants and Rights	100
C. Other Securities	100
D. American Depositary Shares	100
Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies	102
Item 14.  Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds	102
Item 15. Controls and Procedures	102
Item 16. [Reserved]	103
Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert	103
Item 16B. Code of Ethics	103
Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services	103
Audit and Non-Audit Fees	103
Audit Committee’s Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures	103
Item 16D.  Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees	104
Item 16E.  Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers	104
Item 16F.  Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant	105
Item 16G.  Disclosure About Differences in Corporate Governance	106
Item 16H. Mine Safety Disclosure	111
Item 17. Financial Statements	111
Item 18. Financial Statements	111
Item 19. Exhibits	112
Signatures	113

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Item  1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers

Not Applicable

Item  2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

Not Applicable

Item  3. Key Information

A. Selected Financial Data

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2015			2016			2017			2018			2019
	(Yen in millions, yen per share amounts)
Income statement data:
Sales and operating revenue		8,215,880			8,105,712			7,603,250			8,543,982			8,665,687
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies		3,921			2,238			3,563			8,569			(2,999	)
Operating income		68,548			294,197			288,702			734,860			894,235
Income before income taxes		39,729			304,504			251,619			699,049			1,011,648
Income taxes		88,733			94,789			124,058			151,770			45,098
Net income (loss) attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders		(125,980	)		147,791			73,289			490,794			916,271
Comprehensive income (loss)		34,317			(44,915	)		143,652			553,220			995,542
Data per share of Common Stock:
Net income (loss) attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders*
— Basic		(113.04	)		119.40			58.07			388.32			723.41
— Diluted		(113.04	)		117.49			56.89			379.75			707.74
Cash dividends declared Interim		—			10.00			10.00			12.50			15.00
		—			(8.09 cents	)		(8.79 cents	)		(11.11 cents	)		(13.18 cents	)
Cash dividends declared Fiscal year-end		—			10.00			10.00			15.00			20.00
		—			(9.01 cents	)		(9.13 cents	)		(13.75 cents	)		(18.28 cents	)
Balance sheet data:
Sony Corporation’s stockholders’ equity		2,317,077			2,463,340			2,497,246			2,967,366			3,746,377
Common stock		707,038			858,867			860,645			865,678			874,291
Net assets		2,928,469			3,124,410			3,135,422			3,647,157			4,436,690
Total assets		15,834,331			16,673,390			17,660,556			19,065,538			20,981,586
Number of shares issued at fiscal year-end (thousands of shares of common stock)		1,169,773			1,262,494			1,263,764			1,266,552			1,271,230
Sony Corporation’s stockholders’ equity per share of common stock		1,982.54			1,952.79			1,977.72			2,344.96			2,995.31

* Refer to Note 23 of the consolidated financial statements.

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not Applicable

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not Applicable

D. Risk Factors

This section contains forward-looking statements that are subject to the Cautionary Statement appearing on page 2 of this annual report. Risks to Sony are also discussed elsewhere in this annual report, including, without limitation in the other sections of this annual report referred to in the Cautionary Statement.

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Sony must overcome increasingly intense competition, which could lead to lower revenue or operating margins.

Sony has several business segments in different industries with many product and service categories, which cause it to compete with many existing and new competitors ranging from large multinational companies to highly specialized entities that focus on only one or a few businesses and also, potentially, with outsourced manufacturing service partners that currently supply products to Sony. These competitors may have greater financial, technical, labor and marketing resources available to them than those available to Sony. Sony’s financial condition and operating results depend on its ability to efficiently anticipate and respond to these established and new competitors.

The competitive factors Sony faces vary depending on the nature of the business. For example, Sony’s electronics businesses compete on the basis of various factors including price and function, while Sony’s Music and Pictures businesses compete for talent, such as artists, songwriters, actors, directors and producers, and for entertainment content that is created, acquired, licensed and/or distributed. Competition on price in the electronics businesses can lead to lower margins when costs do not fall at a proportional rate, and competition for talent and appealing product in the entertainment businesses can also lead to lower profitability if the higher costs required for such talent and content creation cannot be recouped through greater sales. Moreover, even for those products where Sony believes it has a strong competitive advantage, such as image sensors, it is possible that its competitors’ technological capabilities will accelerate such that Sony would be unable to maintain its advantageous market position. In its consumer electronics businesses, to produce products that appeal to changing and increasingly diverse consumer preferences or to overcome the fact that a relatively high percentage of consumers already possess similar products, Sony must develop superior technology, anticipate consumer tastes and rapidly develop attractive and differentiated products with competitive prices and features. Sony faces increasingly intense pricing pressure from competitors, retailer consolidation, new sales/distribution channels and shorter product cycles in a variety of consumer product categories. In the Music and Pictures segments, operating results can be impacted by worldwide consumer acceptance of their products, which is difficult to predict, by competing products released at or near the same time and by alternative forms of entertainment and leisure activities available to consumers.

If Sony is unable to maintain its advantageous market position in the fields in which it has a technological or other competitive advantage, Sony is unable to effectively anticipate and counter the ongoing price erosion that frequently affects its consumer products or the cost pressures affecting its businesses, there is a change in existing business models or consumer preferences, or the average prices of Sony’s consumer products decrease faster than Sony is able to reduce manufacturing costs, Sony’s operating results and financial condition may be adversely impacted.

To remain competitive and stimulate customer demand, Sony must invest in research and development to achieve product and service innovations and successfully manage frequent introductions of such new products and services.

To strengthen the competitiveness of its products and services, Sony continues to invest in research and development (“R&D”), particularly in growth areas such as image sensors and the Game & Network Services (“G&NS”) segment. However, Sony may not be successful in investing in R&D if it fails to identify products, services and market trends with significant growth potential. In addition, Sony’s investments may not yield the innovation or the expected results quickly enough, or competitors may lead Sony in technological innovation. This may hinder Sony’s ability to commercialize new and competitive products and services.

In the consumer electronics, network services and mobile communication industries, Sony must continually introduce, enhance and stimulate customer demand for products and services. Sales of these products and services are particularly sensitive to the significant weighting of consumer demand to the year-end holiday season. In Sony’s G&NS segment, the successful introduction and penetration of gaming platforms is a significant factor driving sales and profitability, and this success is affected by the ability to provide customers with attractive software line-ups and online services. However, there is no assurance that third-party software developers and publishers, major contributors to this effort, will continue to develop and release software. In addition, Sony believes that integrating its hardware, software, entertainment content and network services, and investing in R&D to effect such integration, is essential in generating revenue growth and profitability. However, this strategy depends on its ability to further develop network services technologies, coordinate and prioritize strategic and operational issues among Sony’s various business units and sales channels, continually introduce enhanced and competitively priced hardware that is seamlessly connected to network platforms with user interfaces that are innovative and attractive to consumers and also standardize technological and interface

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specifications industry-wide and across Sony’s networked products and business units. In addition, the G&NS, Music and Pictures segments must invest substantial amounts, which may include significant upfront investments, in internally developed software titles, artist advances, motion picture productions, television productions and broadcast programming before knowing whether their products will receive customer acceptance. Furthermore, underperformance of Pictures’ products in the initial distribution market is correlated with weak performance in subsequent distribution markets, which would have an adverse effect on Sony’s results in the year of initial release as well as future years.

The successful introductions of, and transitions to, new products and services depend on a number of factors, such as the timely and successful completion of development efforts, market acceptance, planning and executing an effective marketing strategy, managing new product introductions, managing production ramp-up issues, the availability of application software for new products, quality control and the concentration of consumer demand in the year-end holiday season. If Sony cannot achieve the expected results from its investment in R&D, adequately manage frequent introductions of new products and services and obtain consumer acceptance of its new products and services, or if Sony is not successful in implementing its integration strategy, Sony’s reputation, operating results and financial condition may be adversely impacted.

Sony’s strategic initiatives, including acquisitions, joint ventures, investments, capital expenditures and restructurings, may not be successful in achieving their strategic objectives.

Sony actively engages in acquisitions, joint ventures, capital expenditures and other strategic investments to acquire new technologies, efficiently develop new businesses and enhance its business competitiveness. For example, on November 14, 2018, Sony acquired the entirety of the remaining approximately 60% equity interest in DH Publishing, L.P. (“EMI”), which owned and managed EMI Music Publishing, not already held by Sony, making EMI a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony.

When making acquisitions, Sony’s financial results may be adversely affected by the significant cost of the acquisition and/or integration expenses, failure to achieve synergies, failure to generate expected revenue and cost improvements, loss of key personnel and assumption of liabilities.

When establishing joint ventures and strategic partnerships, Sony’s financial and operating results may be adversely affected by strategic or cultural differences with partners, conflicts of interest, failure to achieve synergies, additional funding or debt guarantees required to maintain the joint venture or partnership, requirements to buy out a joint venture partner, sell its shares or dissolve a partnership, insufficient management control including control over cash flow, loss of proprietary technology and know-how, impairment losses and reputational harm from the actions or activities of a joint venture that uses the Sony brand.

Sony invests heavily in production facilities and equipment in its electronics businesses, including fabrication facilities used to make image sensors for smartphones and other products. Sony may not be able to recover these capital expenditures in part or full or in the planned timeframe due to the competitive environment, lower-than-expected consumer demand or changes in the financial condition or business decisions of Sony’s major customers. Sony invested 106.6 billion yen and 128.9 billion yen of capital in the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively, mainly for the purpose of increasing image sensor production capacity.

Further, Sony is implementing restructuring and transformation initiatives to enhance profitability, business autonomy and shareholder value and to clearly position each business within the overall business portfolio. For example, Sony transferred its battery business to Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Group in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. The expected benefits of these initiatives, including the expected level of profitability, may not be realized due to internal and external impediments or market conditions worsening beyond expectations. If Sony is not successful in achieving its restructuring and transformation initiatives, Sony’s operating results, financial condition, reputation, competitiveness or profitability may be adversely affected. Sony incurred restructuring charges in the amount of 60.2 billion yen, 22.4 billion yen and 33.1 billion yen in the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

Sony’s sales and profitability may be affected by the operating performance of wholesalers, retailers, other resellers and third-party distributors.

Sony is dependent for the distribution of its products on wholesalers, retailers, other resellers and third-party distributors, many of whom also distribute competitors’ products. For example, in some cases, Sony’s smartphones sold through cellular network carriers are subsidized by the carriers. There is no assurance that such subsidies will be continued at all or in the same amounts upon renewal of Sony’s agreements with these carriers or in agreements Sony enters into with new carriers. In addition, the Pictures segment depends on third-party

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exhibitors to distribute its motion pictures, and cable, satellite and other distribution systems to distribute its motion pictures and television programming; a decline in the licensing fees received from these third parties may adversely affect the Pictures segment’s sales. The Pictures segment’s worldwide television networks are also distributed on third-party cable, satellite and other distribution systems and the failure to renew, or renewal on less favorable terms of, television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements) with these third-party distributors may adversely affect the Pictures segment’s ability to generate advertising and subscription sales through these networks.

Sony invests in programs to incentivize wholesalers, retailers, and other resellers and third-party distributors to position and promote Sony’s products, but there is no assurance that these programs will provide a significant return or incremental revenue by persuading consumers to buy Sony products instead of competitors’ products.

The operating results and financial condition of many wholesalers, retailers, other resellers and third-party distributors have been adversely impacted by competition, especially from online retailers, and weak economic conditions. If their financial condition continues to weaken, they stop distributing Sony’s products, or uncertainty regarding demand for Sony’s products or other factors cause them to reduce their ordering, marketing, subsidizing, or distributing Sony’s products, Sony’s operating results and financial condition may be adversely impacted.

As a global company, Sony is subject to a wide range of laws and regulations and a growing consumer focus on corporate social responsibility in many countries. Those laws and regulations, as well as consumer focus, might change in significant ways, leading to an increase in the costs of Sony’s operations, a curtailment of Sony’s activities, and/or an adverse effect on Sony’s reputation.

As a global company, Sony is subject to the laws and regulations of many countries throughout the world that affect its businesses and operations in a number of areas, including advertising, promotions, consumer protection, import and export requirements, anti-corruption, anti-competition, environmental protection, privacy, data protection, content and broadcast regulation, labor, taxation, foreign investment, government procurement, foreign exchange controls, and economic sanctions, as well as laws relating to the collection, use, retention, security and transfer of personally identifiable information.

Compliance with these laws and regulations may be onerous and expensive. These laws and regulations continue to develop and may be inconsistent from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, further increasing the cost of compliance and doing business. Any such developments could occur frequently and without warning, and could make Sony’s products or services less attractive to its customers, delay or prohibit introduction of new products or services in one or more regions or cause Sony to change or limit its business practices. For example, imposition of restrictive trade measures in the United States and elsewhere, as well as retaliatory actions against such measures, could result in increased customs duties applicable to Sony’s products or increased costs for procuring parts and components, and could limit or prohibit the sales of Sony’s products and services to certain of its current or potential customers, which may adversely affect Sony’s operating results and financial condition. In addition, changes in laws or regulations or the judicial interpretation thereof that Sony relies on or Sony is subject to in conducting its operations, including online operations, as well as Sony’s failure to anticipate such changes, may subject Sony to greater risk of liability, increase the costs of compliance, or limit Sony’s ability to engage in or expand certain operations or lead to discontinuance of certain operations.

Violation of applicable laws or regulations by Sony, its employees, third-party suppliers, business partners and agents may subject Sony to fines, penalties, legal judgments, restrictions on business operations and/or reputational damage. Additionally, there is a growing global regulatory and consumer focus on corporate social responsibility and sourcing practices and increasing regulatory obligations of public disclosure regarding these matters. In particular, there is increased attention on labor practices, including work environments at electronic component manufacturers and original design manufacturing/original equipment manufacturing, or ODM/OEM, product manufacturers operating in Asia. Increased regulation or public pressure in this area could cause Sony’s compliance costs to increase, particularly since Sony uses many parts, components and materials to manufacture its products and relies on suppliers to provide these parts, components and materials but does not directly control the suppliers’ procurement or employment practices. A finding of non-compliance, or the perception that Sony has not responded appropriately to growing consumer concern for such issues, whether or not Sony is legally required to do so, may adversely affect Sony’s reputation, operating results and financial condition.

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Sony must manage its large and increasing volume of procurement from third-party suppliers and business partners to control inventory levels, availability, costs and quality of parts, components, software and network services within volatile markets.

Sony’s products and services increasingly rely on third-party suppliers and business partners for parts, components, software and network services, including semiconductors, chipsets for PlayStation game consoles and mobile products, liquid crystal display (“LCD”) panels and the Android OS that is used in mobile products, televisions and services. External suppliers’ and partners’ shortages, fluctuations in pricing, quality issues, discontinued support, changes in business terms or prioritization of customers outside the electronics sector or of Sony’s competitors can adversely affect Sony’s operating results, brand and reputation. Reliance on third-party software and technologies may make it increasingly difficult for Sony to differentiate its products from competitors’ products. Also, shortages or delayed shipments of critical parts or components may result in a reduction or suspension of production at Sony’s or its business partners’ manufacturing sites, particularly where Sony is substantially reliant on one supplier, where there is limited production capacity for custom parts or components, or where there are initial manufacturing capacity constraints for products, parts or components that use new technologies.

Sony places orders for parts and components in line with production and inventory plans determined in advance based on its forecast of consumer demand, which is highly volatile and difficult to predict. Inaccurate forecasts of consumer demand or inadequate business planning can lead to a shortage or excess inventory, which can disrupt production plans and result in lost sales opportunities or inventory adjustments, respectively. Sony writes down the value of its inventory when the underlying parts, components or products have become obsolete, when inventory levels exceed the amount expected to be used, or when the value of the inventory is otherwise recorded at a value higher than net realizable value. For example, Sony recorded a 6.5 billion yen inventory write-down of certain image sensors for mobile products in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017. Such lost sales opportunities, inventory adjustments, or shortages of parts and components have had and may have an adverse impact on Sony’s operating results and financial condition.

Sony’s sales, profitability and operations are sensitive to global and regional economic and political trends and conditions.

Sony’s sales and profitability are sensitive to economic trends in its major markets. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, 29.9%, 22.9% and 21.5% of Sony’s sales and operating revenue were attributable to Japan, the U.S. and Europe, respectively. These markets may be subject to significant economic downturns, resulting in an adverse impact on Sony’s operating results and financial condition. An actual or expected deterioration of economic conditions in any of Sony’s major markets may result in a decline in consumers’ consumption and adverse impacts on the businesses of commercial customers, resulting in reduced demand for Sony’s products and services. For example, in the Pictures segment, a general decline in the economy may result in decreased overall spending within the advertising market and a decline in third-party television networks’ ability to generate revenues, which could result in lower license fees paid by these networks for Sony’s content, which may adversely affect the Picture segment’s revenues.

In addition, Sony’s operations are conducted in many countries and regions around the world, and these international operations, particularly in certain emerging markets, can create challenges. For example, in Sony’s electronics businesses, production and procurement of products, parts and components in China and other Asian countries and regions increase the time necessary to supply products to other markets worldwide, which can make it more difficult to meet changing customer demand in a timely manner. Further, in certain countries and regions, Sony may encounter difficulty in planning and managing operations due to unfavorable political or economic factors, such as armed conflicts, deterioration in foreign relations, changes in trade policies, non-compliance with expected business conduct and a lack of adequate infrastructure. If international or domestic political and military instability disrupts Sony’s business operations or those of its business partners Sony’s operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected.

Foreign exchange rate fluctuations can affect Sony’s operating results and financial condition.

Sony’s operating results and financial condition are sensitive to foreign exchange rate fluctuations because many of Sony’s products are sold in countries other than the ones in which they were developed and/or manufactured. For example, within Sony’s electronics businesses, research and development and headquarters’ overhead costs are incurred mainly in yen, and manufacturing costs, including material costs, costs of procurement of parts and components, and costs of outsourced manufacturing services, are incurred mainly in the U.S. dollar and yen. Sales are dispersed and recorded in Japanese yen, the U.S. dollar, euro, Chinese renminbi,

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and local currencies of other areas, including emerging markets. Consequently, foreign exchange rate fluctuations have had and may have an adverse impact on Sony’s operating results, especially when the yen or the euro weaken significantly against the U.S. dollar, when the yen strengthens significantly against the euro, or when the U.S. dollar strengthens against emerging market currencies. Sony’s operating results may also be adversely impacted by foreign exchange rate fluctuations since Sony’s consolidated statements of income are prepared by translating the local currency denominated operating results of its subsidiaries around the world into yen. Furthermore, as Sony’s businesses have expanded in China and other areas, including emerging markets, the impact of fluctuations of foreign currency exchange rates in these areas against the U.S. dollar and yen has increased. Mid- to long-term changes in exchange rate levels may interfere with Sony’s global allocation of resources and hinder Sony’s ability to engage in research and development, procurement, production, logistics, and sales activities in a manner that is profitable after the effect of such exchange rate changes.

Although Sony seeks to reduce its exposure to foreign exchange risk by hedging a portion of its net short-term foreign currency exposure shortly before the transactions are projected to occur, such hedging activity may not offset any, or only a portion, of the adverse financial effects of unfavorable movements in foreign exchange rates over the limited time the hedges are in place.

Moreover, since Sony’s consolidated balance sheet is prepared by translating the local currency denominated assets and liabilities of its subsidiaries around the world into yen, Sony’s equity capital may be adversely impacted when the yen strengthens significantly against the U.S. dollar, the euro and/or other foreign currencies.

Ratings downgrades or significant volatility and disruption in the global financial markets may adversely affect the availability and cost of Sony’s funding.

Sony’s credit ratings may be adversely impacted by unfavorable operating results and a decline in its financial condition. Any credit rating downgrades may, in turn, result in an increase in Sony’s cost of funding and may have an adverse impact on Sony’s ability to access commercial paper or mid- to long-term debt markets on acceptable terms.

Additionally, global financial markets may experience significant levels of volatility and disruption, generally putting downward pressure on financial and other asset prices and impacting credit availability. Historically, Sony’s primary sources of funds have been cash flows from operations, the issuance of commercial paper and other debt securities, such as term debt, as well as borrowings from banks and other institutional lenders. There can be no assurance that such sources will continue to be available on acceptable terms or be sufficient to meet Sony’s needs.

As a result, Sony may seek other sources of financing to fund operations, such as the draw-down of funds from contractually committed lines of credit from financial institutions or the sale of assets, in order to repay commercial paper and mid- to long-term debt as they become due, and to meet other operational and liquidity needs. However, such funding sources may also not be available at acceptable terms or be sufficient to meet Sony’s requirements. As a result, Sony’s operating results, financial condition and liquidity may be adversely affected.

Sony’s success depends on the ability to recruit, retain and maintain productive relations with highly skilled personnel.

In order to continue to develop, design, manufacture, market, and sell products and services, in increasingly competitive markets, Sony must attract, retain and maintain productive relations with key personnel, both internally and externally, including its executive team, other management professionals, creative talent and other highly skilled employees such as hardware and software engineers. However, such key personnel are in high demand. In addition, business divestitures, restructuring or other transformation initiatives may lead to an unintended loss of experienced human resources or know-how. Actual or threatened work slowdowns or stoppages related to unionized workers, particularly in the entertainment businesses, could lead to delayed releases or cost increases. If these incidents occur or if Sony is unable to attract, retain and maintain productive relations with its highly skilled employees and key management professionals, Sony’s operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected.

Sony’s intellectual property might be subject to unauthorized use or theft and it might encounter restrictions in its use of intellectual property owned by third parties.

Sony’s intellectual property relating to Sony’s products and services, including those of the electronics businesses, such as image sensors, might be subject to unauthorized use or theft. For example, digital technology,

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the availability of digital media, and global internet penetration impact Sony’s ability to protect its copyrighted content from unauthorized duplication, digital theft and counterfeiting, putting pressure on legitimate product sales. Sony has incurred and will continue to incur expenses to help protect its intellectual property rights; however, Sony’s various initiatives to prevent such unauthorized use or theft of intellectual property might not achieve their intended result, which could adversely affect Sony’s competitive position and the value of its investment in R&D. Additionally, Sony’s intellectual property rights may be challenged or invalidated, or such intellectual property rights may not be sufficient to provide Sony with competitive advantages.

Many of Sony’s products and services are designed under the license of patents and other intellectual property rights owned by third parties. Based upon past experience and industry practice, Sony believes it will be able to obtain or renew licenses relating to various intellectual property rights that its business needs in the future; however, such licenses may not be available at all or on acceptable terms, and as a consequence Sony may need to redesign or discontinue its marketing, selling or distribution of such products or services.

Claims have been and may be asserted against Sony that its products or services, including third-party parts, components, software and network services used in Sony’s products or services, infringe the intellectual property rights of other parties. Such claims may be asserted by competitors or by other rights holders, particularly as products and services evolve to include new technologies and enhanced functionality. Such claims might require Sony to enter into settlement or license agreements, pay significant damage awards, face an injunction or refrain from marketing, selling or distributing certain of its products and services.

The failure to prevent unauthorized use or theft of Sony’s intellectual property rights, the failure to enter into licenses for necessary third-party intellectual property rights, the invalidation of Sony’s intellectual property rights or the settlement of an infringement claim against Sony by others may adversely impact Sony’s reputation, operating results and financial condition.

Changes in consumer behavior resulting from new technologies and distribution platforms, as well as increasing concentration of digital music distributors and creation of content by distributors themselves, may adversely affect operating results in Sony’s Music and Pictures segments.

Technology, particularly digital technology, used in the Music and Pictures segments continues to evolve, rapidly leading to alternative methods for the delivery, consumption and storage of digital content. These technological advancements have changed consumer behavior and empowered consumers to seek more control over when, where and how they consume digital content.

The prevalence of enhanced internet capabilities and other new media may continue to reduce the demand for packaged physical media and impact traditional broadcast television and in-theater motion picture viewership, which could negatively affect revenues from Sony’s Pictures segment.

Furthermore, as more music and video content is consumed over digital streaming networks, digital music distributors are becoming increasingly concentrated, which may decrease competition for Sony’s music content and adversely affect its pricing. In addition, digital music and video distributors may increase the amount of content they create for their own services, which may reduce the demand for content created or produced by Sony’s entertainment businesses. If Sony is unable to adequately respond to these changes or fails to effectively anticipate or adapt to new market changes, Sony’s operating results and financial condition may be adversely impacted.

Changes in the regulation and performance of financial markets may adversely affect the operating results and financial condition of Sony’s Financial Services segment.

Sony’s Financial Services segment operates in industries subject to comprehensive regulation and supervision, including the Japanese insurance and banking industries. Future developments or changes in laws, regulations or policies may lead to increased compliance costs or limitations on operations in the Financial Services segment. In addition, Sony Corporation’s ability to receive funds from its affiliate Sony Financial Holdings Inc. (“SFH”) in the form of financial support or loans is restricted by guidelines issued by regulatory agencies in Japan.

Changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates and the value of Japanese government and corporate bonds, U.S. treasury bonds, equities, real estate and other asset classes may have an adverse effect on the operating results and financial condition of the Financial Services segment. For example, the life insurance business has invested most of its general account assets in ultra-long-term Japanese government and corporate bonds, as well as ultra-long-term U.S. treasury bonds, to match the liability characteristics of the long-term maturity insurance

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policies it has underwritten. The life insurance business has guaranteed yields on outstanding policies while its investment portfolio could be reduced by the market changes discussed above. The banking businesses have invested most of their total loan balance, or over half of their total assets, in their mortgage loans account. An increase in non-performing loans or a decline in prices of the real estate collateral from the market changes discussed above or deterioration of credit quality may have an adverse effect on operating results and financial condition through an increase in the allowance for doubtful accounts.

The market changes discussed above, Sony’s management of these changes or the occurrence of earthquakes, pandemic disease or other catastrophic events in Japan could expose the life and non-life insurance businesses to increasing costs or adverse impact on their ability to meet policy commitments.

The insurance businesses’ policy reserves and deferred insurance acquisition costs are calculated based on many actuarial assumptions that are uncertain. Significant differences between these actuarial assumptions and actual situations may result in additional policy reserves being recorded and the accelerated amortization of deferred acquisition costs, through the changes of calculation assumptions. In particular, the insurance businesses calculate policy reserves and deferred insurance acquisition costs based on the actuarial assumptions, assuming the future schedule of insurance premium revenue, yield of investments, claims to be paid for occurrence of insured events and other factors. The review of these actuarial assumptions is required at least once in each fiscal year.

Sony’s facilities and operations are subject to damage and disruption as a result of catastrophic disasters, outages or similar events that could lead to supply chain, manufacturing and other business disruptions and have an adverse impact on Sony’s operating results.

Sony’s headquarters and many of Sony’s most advanced device manufacturing facilities, including those for semiconductors, are located in Japan, where the risk of earthquakes is relatively high. A major earthquake in Japan, especially in Tokyo, the Tokai area or the Kyushu and Tohoku areas, where Sony headquarters, certain product manufacturing sites and semiconductor manufacturing sites, respectively, are located, could cause substantial damage to Sony’s business operations, including damage to buildings, machinery, equipment and inventories, and the interruption of production at manufacturing facilities. For example, the earthquake of April 14, 2016 and subsequent earthquakes in the Kumamoto region in Japan caused damage to a semiconductor manufacturing site in Kyushu, which interrupted production at the site.

In addition, offices and facilities used by Sony, its suppliers, service providers and business partners, including those used for raw materials, parts, components, network, telecommunications and information systems infrastructure, R&D, material procurement, manufacturing, motion picture and television production, logistics, sales, and online and other services are located throughout the world and are subject to possible destruction, temporary stoppage or disruption as a result of unexpected catastrophic events such as natural disasters, pandemic diseases, terrorist attacks, large-scale power outages and large-scale fires. If any of these facilities or offices were to experience a significant loss as a result of any of the above events, it may disrupt Sony’s operations, delay design, development or production, interrupt shipments and postpone the recording of sales, and/or result in large expenses to repair or replace these facilities or offices. Sony may also be exposed to price increases for raw materials, parts and components, and lower demand from commercial customers. These situations may have an adverse impact on Sony’s operating results and financial condition.

Sony’s brand image, reputation and business may be harmed and Sony may be subject to legal and regulatory claims if there is a breach or other compromise of Sony’s information security or that of its third-party service providers or business partners.

Sony, its third-party service providers, suppliers and other business partners make extensive use of information technology to support business operations, and to provide network and online services to customers. These operations and services, as well as Sony’s business information, may be intentionally or inadvertently compromised by malicious third parties, including state-sponsored organizations, criminal organizations, Sony employees, third-party service providers or other business partners. Such organizations or individuals may use a variety and combination of techniques, such as installing malicious software, exploiting vulnerabilities in information technology, using social engineering to mislead employees and business partners into disclosing passwords and sensitive information, and coordinating distributed denial-of-service attacks to render services unavailable. As cyber-attacks become increasingly sophisticated and automated, and as tools and resources become more readily available, there can be no guarantee that Sony’s actions, security measures and controls designed to prevent, detect or respond to intrusion, to limit access to data, to prevent loss, destruction, alteration, or exfiltration of business information, or to limit the negative impact from such attacks can provide absolute

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security against compromise. As a result, Sony’s business information, including personal information, may be lost, destroyed, disclosed, misappropriated, altered, or accessed without consent, and Sony’s information technology systems or operations, or those of its service providers or other business partners, may be disrupted. Malicious adversaries may also use unauthorized access to Sony’s networks as a platform to compromise Sony’s third-party business partners without Sony’s knowledge. Sony has previously been the subject of sophisticated and targeted attacks. For example, in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015, Sony’s Pictures segment was subject to a cyber-attack that resulted in unauthorized access to, and theft and disclosure of, Sony business information, including employee information and other information, and the destruction of data. Additionally, Sony’s network services, online game businesses and websites have been subject to cyber-attacks by groups and individuals with a range of motives and expertise, resulting in unauthorized access, denial of service, and the theft and/or disclosure of customer information.

Any of the above incidents can result in significant remediation costs. In addition, a disruption to Sony’s network and online services, information technology, or other compromise of its information security may have serious consequences to its business and operations, including lost revenues, damage to relationships with business partners and other third parties, disclosure, alteration, destruction or use of proprietary information and the failure to retain or attract customers. Moreover, such disruptions and breaches may result in a diversion of management’s attention and resources. Further, it may result in adverse media coverage, which may harm Sony’s brand image and reputation. Sony may also be subject to legal claims or legal proceedings, including regulatory investigations and actions. Sony’s cyber insurance may not cover all expenses and losses and, accordingly, such breaches or other compromises of Sony’s information security or that of its third-party service providers or business partners may have an adverse impact on Sony’s operating results and financial condition.

Sony’s business may suffer as a result of adverse outcomes of litigation and regulatory actions.

Sony faces the risk of litigation and regulatory actions in different countries in connection with its operations. Legal proceedings, including regulatory actions, may seek to recover very large indeterminate amounts or to limit Sony’s operations, and the possibility that they may arise and their magnitude may remain unknown for substantial periods of time. For example, legal proceedings, including regulatory actions, may result from antitrust scrutiny of market practices for anti-competitive conduct. A substantial legal liability or adverse regulatory outcome and the substantial cost to defend the litigation or regulatory actions may have an adverse effect on Sony’s reputation, operating results and financial condition.

Sony is subject to financial and reputational risks due to product quality and liability issues.

Sony’s products and services, such as consumer products, non-consumer products, parts and components, semiconductors, software and network services are becoming increasingly sophisticated and complicated as rapid advancements in technologies occur and as demand increases for mobile products and online services. Also, many Sony products are connected to the internet, and regularly communicate with services provided by Sony or third parties.

Sony’s efforts to adapt to rapid advancements in technologies and increased demand for mobile products and online services, while also maintaining product quality, may not be successful and may increase exposure to product liability. As a result, Sony may incur both reputational damages and expenses in connection with, for example, product recalls and after-sales services. In addition, Sony may not be successful in introducing after-sales upgrades, enhancements or new features to existing products and services, or in enabling existing products and services to continue to conveniently and effectively integrate with other technologies and online services. Moreover, cyber-attacks targeting internet-connected products have increased significantly. For example, customer information and Sony or third-party technical information may be misappropriated, the functionality of Sony’s products and services may be impaired, or Sony products may be used in denial-of-service attacks. There can be no guarantee that Sony’s security measures will prevent products from being compromised.

As a result, the quality of Sony’s existing products and services may not remain satisfactory to consumers and become less marketable, less competitive or obsolete, and Sony’s reputation, operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected. Moreover, allegations of security vulnerability, health and safety issues related to Sony products, or lawsuits related to product quality, health issues arising from products or product safety, regardless of merit, may adversely impact Sony’s operating results and financial condition, either directly or as a result of the impact on Sony’s brand image and reputation as a producer of high-quality products and services. These issues are relevant to Sony products sold directly to customers, whether manufactured by Sony or a third party, and also to products of other companies that are equipped with Sony’s components, such as semiconductors.

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Sony’s financial results and condition may be adversely affected by its employee benefit obligations.

Sony recognizes an unfunded pension obligation for its defined benefit pension plans based on (i) the Projected Benefit Obligation (“PBO”) under each pension plan less (ii) the fair value of the pension plan’s assets, in accordance with the accounting guidance for defined benefit plans. Any decrease of the pension plan asset value or increases in the PBO due to a lower discount rate, increases in rates of compensation and changes in certain other actuarial assumptions may increase the unfunded pension obligations and may have an adverse effect on Sony’s financial results and condition.

Also, Sony’s financial results and condition could be adversely affected by future pension funding requirements pursuant to the Japanese Defined Benefit Corporate Pension Plan Act (“Act”). Under the Act, Sony is required to conduct a periodic actuarial revaluation and to ascertain whether certain financial criteria have been met after the annual accounting closing. In the event that the fair value of pension plan assets falls below the actuarial reserve required by law and the shortfall may not be recovered within a certain moratorium period permitted by laws and/or special legislative decree, Sony may be required to make an additional contribution to its plans, which may reduce cash flows. Similarly, if Sony is required to make an additional contribution to a foreign plan to meet any funding requirements in accordance with local laws and regulations in each country, Sony’s cash flows might be adversely affected. If Sony is required to increase cash contributions to its pension plans when actuarial assumptions, such as an expected long-term rate of return of the pension plan assets, are updated for purposes of determining statutory contributions, it may have an adverse impact on Sony’s cash flows.

Further losses in jurisdictions where Sony has established valuation allowances against deferred tax assets, the inability of Sony to fully utilize its deferred tax assets, limitations on the use of its deferred tax assets under local law, exposure to additional tax liabilities or changes in Sony’s tax rates could adversely affect Sony’s net income and financial condition.

Sony is subject to income taxes in Japan and numerous other jurisdictions, and in the ordinary course of its business there are many situations where the ultimate tax determination can be uncertain, because of the transfer pricing for its intercompany transactions, and Sony is subject to continuous review by tax authorities of numerous jurisdictions. The calculation of Sony’s tax provision and the carrying value of tax assets, including net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards, require significant judgment and the use of estimates, including estimates of future taxable income. As additional evidence becomes available, Sony reassesses these assets to determine if they remain appropriate or whether a reduction by a valuation allowance is appropriate. As of March 31, 2019, total established valuation allowances were 723.1 billion yen. An increase in a valuation allowance may have an adverse impact on Sony’s net income and financial condition.

Deferred tax assets are evaluated on a jurisdiction by jurisdiction basis. As of March 31, 2019, Sony and/or its subsidiaries had valuation allowances principally in Japan and the U.S. Additionally, deferred tax assets could expire unused or otherwise not be realizable for a variety of reasons including the lack of sufficient taxable income in the appropriate jurisdiction. Sony’s net income and financial condition could be adversely affected when the deferred tax assets expire unused.

In some jurisdictions, the use of net operating loss carryforwards or tax credits to reduce taxable income in a subsequent period is limited to a fixed percentage of taxable income or may only be used to offset taxes on income from certain sources. Thus, it is possible that even with significant net operating loss carryforwards or tax credits, Sony could record and pay taxes in a jurisdiction where it has taxable income.

In addition to the above, Sony’s future effective tax rates may be unfavorably affected by changes in both the statutory rates and the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory rates or by other factors such as changes in tax laws and regulations or their interpretation, including limitations or restrictions on various tax deductions and credits, including deductions for royalties and interest. For example, compliance with the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “U.S. Tax Reform Act”) may require the use of estimates in Sony’s financial statements, and the exercise of significant judgment in accounting for its provisions. As regulations and guidance evolve with respect to the U.S. Tax Reform Act, Sony may make adjustments to amounts that have been previously recorded that may materially affect Sony’s operating results and financial condition.

Sony could incur asset impairment charges for goodwill, intangible assets or other long-lived assets.

Sony has a significant amount of goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets, including production facilities and equipment in its electronics businesses. A decline in financial performance, market capitalization, reduced estimates of future cash flows, changes in global economic conditions or changes in estimates and assumptions used in the impairment analysis, which in many cases requires significant judgment,

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could result in impairment charges against these assets. Goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are tested annually for impairment during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below the carrying amount. Such an event or change in circumstances would include unfavorable variances from or adjustments to established business plans, significant changes in forecasted results or volatility inherent to external markets and industries. The increased levels of global competition and the faster pace of technological change to which Sony is exposed can result in greater volatility of these estimates, assumptions and judgments, and increase the likelihood of impairment charges. In addition, the recoverability of the carrying value of long-lived assets held and used and long-lived assets to be disposed of is reviewed whenever events or changes in circumstances, including the types of events or changes described above with respect to goodwill and intangible assets, indicate that the carrying value of the assets or asset groups may not be recoverable. If the carrying value of the asset or asset group is considered impaired, an impairment charge is recorded for the amount by which the carrying value of the asset or asset group exceeds its fair value. For example, in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, Sony recorded a 23.9 billion yen impairment charge against long-lived assets in the Semiconductors segment resulting from the termination of the development and manufacturing of certain high-functionality camera modules for external sale, as well as a 112.1 billion yen impairment charge related to goodwill in the Pictures segment. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, Sony recorded a 31.3 billion yen impairment charge against long-lived assets in the Mobile Communications segment. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony recorded a 19.2 billion yen impairment charge against long-lived assets in the Mobile Communications segment, as well as a 12.9 billion yen impairment charge related to long-lived assets and goodwill in All Other. Any such charge may adversely affect Sony’s operating results and financial condition.

Holders of American Depositary Shares have fewer rights than shareholders and may not be able to enforce judgments based on U.S. securities laws.

The rights of shareholders under Japanese law to take actions, including voting their shares, receiving dividends and distributions, bringing derivative actions, examining Sony’s accounting books and records, and exercising appraisal rights, are available only to shareholders of record. Because the depositary, through its custodian agents, is the record holder of the shares underlying the American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”), only the depositary can exercise those rights in connection with the deposited shares. The depositary will make efforts to vote the shares underlying ADSs in accordance with the instructions of ADS holders and will pay the dividends and distributions collected from Sony. However, ADS holders will not be able to bring a derivative action, examine Sony’s accounting books and records, or exercise appraisal rights through the depositary.

Sony Corporation is incorporated in Japan with limited liability. A majority of Sony’s directors and corporate executive officers are non-U.S. residents, and a substantial portion of the assets of Sony Corporation and the assets of Sony’s directors and corporate executive officers are located outside the U.S. As a result, it may be more difficult for investors to enforce against Sony Corporation or such persons, judgments obtained in U.S. courts predicated upon civil liability provisions of the federal and state securities laws of the U.S. or similar judgments obtained in other courts outside Japan. There is doubt as to the enforceability in Japanese courts, in original actions or in actions for enforcement of judgments of U.S. courts, of civil liabilities predicated solely upon the federal and state securities laws of the U.S.

Item 4. Information on the Company

A. History and Development of the Company

Sony Corporation was established in Japan in May 1946 as Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha, a joint stock company (Kabushiki Kaisha) under Japanese law. In January 1958, it changed its name to Sony Kabushiki Kaisha (“Sony Corporation” in English).

In December 1958, Sony Corporation was listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (the “TSE”). In June 1961, Sony Corporation issued American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) in the U.S.

In March 1968, Sony Corporation established CBS/Sony Records Inc. in Japan, as a 50-50 joint venture company between Sony Corporation and CBS Inc. in the U.S. In January 1988, the joint venture became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony Corporation, and in April 1991, changed its name to Sony Music Entertainment (Japan) Inc. (“SMEJ”). In November 1991, SMEJ was listed on the Second Section of the TSE.

In September 1970, Sony Corporation was listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”).

In August 1979, Sony Corporation established Sony Prudential Life Insurance Co., Ltd. in Japan, as a 50-50 joint venture company between Sony Corporation and The Prudential Insurance Company of America. In

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April 1991, the joint venture changed its name to Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. (“Sony Life”). In March 1996, Sony Life became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony Corporation, and in April 2004, with the establishment of Sony Financial Holdings, Inc. (“SFH”), a financial holding company, Sony Life became a wholly-owned subsidiary of SFH.

In July 1984, Sony Magnescale Inc., a subsidiary of Sony Corporation, was listed on the Second Section of the TSE. The subsidiary changed its name to Sony Precision Technology Inc. in October 1996 and then to Sony Manufacturing Systems Corporation in April 2004. In April 2012, Sony Manufacturing Systems was merged into Sony EMCS Corporation. Sony EMCS Corporation changed its name to Sony Global Manufacturing & Operations Corporation in April 2016.

In July 1987, Sony Chemicals Corporation, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation, was listed on the Second Section of the TSE. The subsidiary changed its name to Sony Chemical & Information Device Corporation in July 2006, and changed its name again to Dexerials Corporation in October 2012.

In January 1988, Sony Corporation acquired CBS Records Inc., the music business division of CBS Inc. in the U.S. The acquired company changed its name to Sony Music Entertainment Inc. in January 1991 and then to Sony Music Holdings Inc. in December 2008.

In November 1989, Sony Corporation acquired Columbia Pictures Entertainment, Inc. in the U.S. In August 1991, Columbia Pictures Entertainment, Inc. changed its name to Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc. (“SPE”).

In November 1993, Sony established Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. (“SCEI”) in Japan. SCEI changed its name to Sony Interactive Entertainment Inc. (“SIEI”) in April 2016.

In October 1995, Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC (“Sony/ATV”) was formed as a 50-50 joint venture company between Sony Corporation and Michael Jackson. In September 2016, the joint venture became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony Corporation.

In January 2000, acquisition transactions by way of a share exchange were completed such that three subsidiaries which had been listed on the TSE — SMEJ, Sony Chemicals Corporation (currently Dexerials Corporation), and Sony Precision Technology Inc. (which was merged into Sony EMCS Corporation) — became wholly-owned subsidiaries of Sony Corporation. In September 2012, Sony Corporation completed the sale of certain of its chemical products businesses, including Sony Chemical & Information Device Corporation (currently Dexerials Corporation) to Development Bank of Japan Inc.

In October 2001, Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB (“Sony Ericsson”), a 50-50 joint venture company between Sony Corporation and Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (“Ericsson”) of Sweden, was established. In February 2012, Sony acquired Ericsson’s 50% equity interest in Sony Ericsson. As a result of the acquisition, Sony Ericsson became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony and changed its name to Sony Mobile Communications AB.

In October 2002, Aiwa Co., Ltd. (“Aiwa”), then a TSE-listed subsidiary, became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony Corporation. In December 2002, Aiwa was merged into Sony Corporation.

In June 2003, Sony Corporation adopted the “Company with Three Committees” corporate governance system in line with the revised Japanese Commercial Code then effective. (Refer to “Board Practices” in “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees.”)

In April 2004, Sony Corporation established SFH, a financial holding company, in Japan. Sony Life, Sony Assurance Inc. (“Sony Assurance”), and Sony Bank Inc. (“Sony Bank”) became subsidiaries of SFH. In October 2007, SFH was listed on the First Section of the TSE in conjunction with the global initial public offering of shares of SFH by Sony Corporation and SFH.

In April 2004, S-LCD Corporation (“S-LCD”), a joint venture between Sony Corporation and Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. of Korea for the manufacture of amorphous thin film transistor LCD panels, was established in Korea. Sony’s stake in S-LCD was 50% minus 1 share. In January 2012, Sony sold all of its shares of S-LCD to Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.

In August 2004, Sony combined its worldwide recorded music business, excluding its recorded music business in Japan, with the worldwide recorded music business of Bertelsmann AG (“Bertelsmann”), forming a 50-50 joint venture, SONY BMG MUSIC ENTERTAINMENT (“SONY BMG”). In October 2008, Sony acquired Bertelsmann’s 50% equity interest in SONY BMG. As a result of the acquisition, SONY BMG became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony. In January 2009, SONY BMG changed its name to Sony Music Entertainment (“SME”).

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In December 2005, Sony Communication Network Corporation, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation, was listed on the Mother’s market of the TSE, and was later listed on the First Section of the TSE in January 2008. Sony Communication Network Corporation was renamed So-net Corporation (“So-net”) in July 2013. In January 2013, Sony Corporation acquired all of the common shares of So-net through a tender offer and subsequent share exchange and, as a result of the acquisition, So-net became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony Corporation. So-net was renamed Sony Network Communications Inc. (“SNC”) in July 2016.

In June 2012, an investor group including Sony Corporation of America (“SCA”) established DH Publishing, L.P. (“EMI”) to own and manage EMI Music Publishing, which it then acquired. This acquisition resulted in Nile Acquisition LLC (“Nile”), of which SCA owned 74.9% and the Estate of Michael Jackson (the “Estate”) owned 25.1%, acquiring approximately 40% of the equity interest in EMI. In July 2018, Sony completed the acquisition of the Estate’s equity interest in Nile, resulting in Sony owning approximately 40% of the equity interest in EMI. In November 2018, Sony completed the acquisition of the remaining approximately 60% equity interest in EMI, resulting in EMI becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony.

In April 2013, Sony Olympus Medical Solutions Inc. (“SOMED”), a medical business venture between Sony Corporation and Olympus Corporation (“Olympus”) was established in Japan. Sony’s stake in SOMED is 51%.

In July 2014, Sony Corporation sold its personal computer (“PC”) business operated under the VAIO brand to Japan Industrial Partners, Inc.

In July 2014, pursuant to a separation of Sony’s businesses into distinct subsidiaries, the television business was split out and began operations as Sony Visual Products Inc. (“SVP”).

In October 2015, the video and sound business was split out and began operations as Sony Video & Sound Products Inc. (“SVS”).

In April 2016, the semiconductors business was split out and began operations as Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation (“SSS”).

In April 2017, the imaging products and solution business was split out and began operations as Sony Imaging Products & Solutions Inc. (“SIPS”), which completed the sequential separation of Sony’s business units into distinct subsidiaries.

In September 2017, Sony transferred its battery businesses to the Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Group.

In April 2019, SVP and SVS merged to become Sony Home Entertainment & Sound Products Inc. (“SHES”).

Sony Corporation’s registered office is located at 7-1, Konan 1-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0075, Japan, telephone +81-3-6748-2111. Its website is https://www.sony.net/.

The agent in the U.S. for purposes of this Item 4 is Sony Corporation of America, 25 Madison Avenue, 26^th Floor, New York, NY 10010-8601 (Attn: Office of the General Counsel).

Sony files reports and other information with the SEC pursuant to the SEC’s rules and regulations that apply to foreign private issuers. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. Sony’s electronic filings are available for viewing on this website, at https://www.sec.gov.

Principal Capital Investments

In the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, Sony’s capital expenditures were 272.2 billion yen, 332.1 billion yen and 344.1 billion yen, respectively. Sony’s capital expenditures are expected to be approximately 510.0 billion yen during the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020. For a breakdown of principal capital expenditures and divestitures (including interests in other companies), refer to “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The funding requirements of such various capital expenditures are expected to be financed by cash provided principally by operating and financing activities or the existing balance of cash and cash equivalents.

In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony invested approximately 146.3 billion yen in the Semiconductors segment. This investment included approximately 128.9 billion yen to increase image sensor production capacity.

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B. Business Overview

Sony is engaged in the development, design, production, manufacture, offer and sale of various kinds of electronic equipment, instruments and devices for consumer, professional and industrial markets such as network services, game hardware and software, televisions, audio and video recorders and players, still and video cameras, mobile phones, and semiconductors. Sony is engaged in the development, production, manufacture, and distribution of recorded music and the management and licensing of the words and music of songs as well as the production and distribution of animation titles, including game applications based on animation titles. Sony is also engaged in the production, acquisition and distribution of motion pictures and television programming and the operation of television and digital networks. Further, Sony is also engaged in various financial services businesses, including life and non-life insurance operations through its Japanese insurance subsidiaries and banking operations through a Japanese internet-based banking subsidiary.

Sony has strived to ensure the implementation of 1) clearly attributable accountability and responsibility, 2) management policies with an emphasis on sustainable profit generation and 3) the acceleration of decision-making processes and reinforcement of business competitiveness. To achieve this, Sony has separated its business units within Sony Corporation to form distinct subsidiaries and operate them alongside existing Sony Group companies. These separations include SVP in July 2014, SVS in October 2015, SSS in April 2016, and SIPS in April 2017. As a result of this separation of businesses, all segments are now being operated as subsidiaries of Sony Corporation.

Products and Services

Game & Network Services (“G&NS”)

Sony Interactive Entertainment LLC (“SIE”) undertakes product research, development, design, marketing, sales, production, distribution and customer service for PlayStation^® hardware, software, content and network services.

The G&NS segment includes the Digital Software and Add-on Content, Network Services and Hardware and Others categories. Digital Software and Add-on Content includes distribution of software titles and add-on content through digital networks by Sony Interactive Entertainment; Network Services includes network services relating to game, video and music content; and Hardware and Others includes home and portable game consoles, packaged software and peripheral devices.

Music

Recorded Music:

“Recorded Music” includes the distribution of physical and digital recorded music and revenue derived from artists’ live performances. SME, a global entertainment company, excluding Japan, is engaged primarily in the development, production, marketing and distribution of recorded music in all commercial formats and genres. SMEJ is an entertainment company focused on the Japanese market, which includes a Japanese domestic recorded music business that produces recorded music and music videos through contracts with many artists in all music genres.

Music Publishing:

“Music Publishing” includes the management and licensing of the words and music of songs. Sony/ATV and EMI Music Publishing are U.S.-based music publishing businesses that own and acquire rights to musical compositions, exploiting and marketing these compositions and receiving royalties or fees for their use.

Visual Media and Platform:

“Visual Media and Platform” includes the production and distribution of animation titles, game applications based on animation titles and various service offerings for music and visual products. These businesses are operated primarily by SMEJ.

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Pictures

Motion Pictures:

“Motion Pictures” includes the worldwide production, acquisition and distribution of live-action and animated motion pictures. SPE’s motion picture production organizations include Columbia Pictures, Screen Gems, TriStar Pictures, Sony Pictures Animation, Stage 6 Films, AFFIRM Films and Sony Pictures Classics. SPE also operates Sony Pictures Imageworks, a visual effects and animation unit, and manages a studio facility, Sony Pictures Studios, which includes post-production facilities.

Television Productions:

“Television Productions” includes the production, acquisition and distribution of television programming including scripted series, unscripted “reality” or “light entertainment,” daytime serials, game shows, animated series, made for television movies and miniseries and other programming. Outside the U.S., SPE produces local language programming and licenses SPE-owned programming and formats around the world.

Media Networks:

“Media Networks” includes the operation of television and digital networks worldwide. SPE’s television networks around the world include Sony Pictures Networks India Private Limited, which operates television networks in India, and a controlling interest in Game Show Network, which operates a U.S.-based cable network and an online game business. Digital networks include SonyLIV in India and FunimationNow primarily in North America.

Home Entertainment & Sound (“HE&S”)

SVP undertakes product research, development, design, marketing, sales, production, distribution and customer services for televisions. SVS undertakes product research, development, design, marketing, sales, production, distribution and customer services for video and sound products. In April 2019, SVP and SVS merged to become SHES.

Imaging Products & Solutions (“IP&S”)

SIPS undertakes product research, development, design, manufacturing, sales, distribution and customer service for interchangeable lens cameras, compact digital cameras, consumer and professional video cameras as well as display products such as projectors and medical equipment. Additionally, SIPS is responsible for the broadcast/professional solutions business and the FeliCa contactless IC (integrated circuit) card technology business. SOMED undertakes development support to provide comprehensive medical and imaging device solutions for operating rooms and other medical areas.

The IP&S segment includes the Still and Video Cameras as well as Other categories. Still and Video Cameras includes interchangeable lens cameras, compact digital cameras, consumer video cameras and video cameras for broadcast. Other includes display products such as projectors and medical equipment.

Mobile Communications (“MC”)

Sony Mobile Communications Inc. (“Sony Mobile”) undertakes product research, development, design, marketing, sales, production, distribution and customer services for mobile phones, tablets, accessories and applications. SNC provides internet broadband network services to subscribers as well as creates and distributes content through its portal services to various electronics product platforms such as PCs and mobile phones.

Semiconductors

SSS and its subsidiary Sony Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation undertake product research, development, design, manufacturing, marketing, sales, production, distribution and customer services for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (“CMOS”) image sensors, charge-coupled devices (“CCDs”), large-scale integration systems (“LSIs”) and other semiconductors.

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Financial Services

In the Financial Services segment, on April 1, 2004, Sony established a wholly-owned subsidiary, SFH, a holding company for Sony Life, Sony Assurance and Sony Bank, with the aim of integrating various financial services including insurance and savings and loans, and offering individual customers high value-added products and high-quality services. On October 11, 2007, in conjunction with the global initial public offering of shares of SFH, the shares of SFH were listed for trading on the First Section of the TSE. Following this global offering, SFH remains a consolidated subsidiary of Sony Corporation, which is the majority shareholder of SFH.

SFH conducts insurance, banking and other operations primarily through Sony Life, a Japanese life insurance company, Sony Assurance, a Japanese non-life insurance company, and Sony Bank, a Japanese internet-based bank, which are all wholly-owned by SFH.

All Other

All Other consists of various operating activities, including the batteries, recording media and storage media businesses, the disc manufacturing business outside of Japan and the PC business, which was sold in July 2014. Certain costs related to the PC business remain in All Other.

Sales and Distribution

Electronics*

* The term “Electronics” refers to the sum of the G&NS, HE&S, IP&S, MC and Semiconductors segments.

Sony’s electronics products and services, excluding those in the game business, are marketed throughout the world under the trademark “Sony,” which has been registered in approximately 200 countries and territories.

In most cases, sales of Sony’s electronics products are made to sales subsidiaries of Sony Corporation located in or responsible for sales in the countries and territories where Sony’s products and services are marketed. These subsidiaries then sell those products to unaffiliated local distributors and dealers or through direct sales, such as through the internet. In some regions, sales of certain products and services are made directly to local distributors by Sony Corporation.

Sales of electronics products and services are particularly seasonal and also vary significantly with the timing of new product introductions and the economic conditions of each country. Sales for the third quarter ending December 31 of each fiscal year are generally higher than other quarters of the same fiscal year due to demand in the year-end holiday season.

Japan:

Sony Marketing (Japan) Inc. markets consumer electronics products mainly through retailers. Sony Business Solutions Corporation markets professional electronics products and services. For electronic components, Sony sells products directly to wholesalers and manufacturers.

United States:

Sony markets its electronics products and services through Sony Electronics Inc. and other wholly-owned subsidiaries in the U.S.

Europe:

In Europe, Sony’s electronics products and services are marketed through sales subsidiaries including Sony Europe B.V., which is headquartered in the United Kingdom and has branches in European countries, and Sony Electronics JSC in Russia.

China:

Sony markets its electronics products and services through Sony (China) Limited, Sony Corporation of Hong Kong Limited and other wholly-owned subsidiaries in China.

Asia-Pacific:

In Asia-Pacific, Sony’s electronics products and services are marketed through sales subsidiaries including Sony India Private Limited, Sony Electronics of Korea Corporation, Sony Taiwan Limited and Sony Electronics Vietnam.

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Other Areas:

In overseas areas other than the U.S., Europe, China and Asia-Pacific, Sony’s electronics products and services are marketed through sales subsidiaries including Sony Brasil Ltda., Sony Middle East & Africa FZE in the United Arab Emirates and Sony de Mexico S.A.de C.V.

PlayStation^® hardware, software and content and network services are marketed and distributed by SIE, SIEI, and Sony Interactive Entertainment Europe, Ltd. (“SIEE”).

Along with certain of its global corporate functions in Japan, Sony Mobile has sales and marketing operations in many major regions of the world, as well as manufacturing sites in China and product development sites in Japan, Sweden and China. Sony Mobile brings its products to market through direct and indirect distribution channels, such as third-party cellular network carriers and retailers, as well as through its website.

Music

SME and SMEJ develop, produce, market, and distribute recorded music in various commercial formats. SME and its affiliates conduct business globally under “Columbia Records,” “Epic Records,” “RCA Records” and other labels. SMEJ conducts business in Japan under “Sony Music Records,” “Epic Records Japan,” “SME Records,” “Ki/oon Music,” “Sony Music Associated Records” and other labels.

Sony owns and acquires rights to musical compositions, exploits and markets these compositions, receives royalties or fees for their use and conducts its music publishing business in countries other than Japan under the Sony/ATV and EMI Music Publishing names. Sony/ATV, previously a 50%-owned and consolidated joint venture, became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony on September 30, 2016 as a result of Sony’s acquisition of the 50% equity interest in Sony/ATV owned by the Estate. Additionally, on July 31, 2018, Sony completed the acquisition of the Estate’s equity interest in Nile, resulting in Sony owning approximately 40% of the equity interest in EMI. On November 14, 2018, Sony completed the acquisition of the remaining approximately 60% equity interest in EMI, resulting in EMI becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony.

SMEJ creates artwork and produces packaged home entertainment products including music/games, and organizes various events in Japan through Sony Music Communications Inc. and its affiliates. SMEJ also produces, markets, and distributes animation products and game applications based on animation titles under the Aniplex name.

Pictures

SPE generally retains all rights relating to the worldwide distribution of its internally produced motion pictures and television programming, including rights for theatrical exhibition, home entertainment distribution, pay and free television exhibition and other markets. SPE also acquires distribution rights to motion pictures and television programming produced by other companies, and jointly produces and distributes motion pictures and television programming with other studios, television networks or production companies. These rights may be limited to particular geographic regions, specific forms of media or periods of time.

Within the U.S., SPE uses its own distribution service businesses, Sony Pictures Releasing and Sony Pictures Classics, for the U.S. theatrical release of its motion pictures and for the theatrical release of motion pictures acquired from and produced by others.

Outside the U.S., SPE generally distributes and markets motion pictures through one of its Sony Pictures Releasing International subsidiaries. In certain countries, however, SPE has joint distribution or sub-distribution arrangements with other studios, or arrangements with independent local distributors or other entities.

The worldwide home entertainment distribution of SPE’s motion pictures and television programming (and product acquired or licensed from others) is handled through Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, except in certain countries where SPE has joint distribution or sub-distribution arrangements with other studios, or arrangements with independent local distributors. Product is distributed in various home media formats including DVD, Blu-ray Disc^™ and Digital Distribution. Digital Distribution includes electronic sell-through and video-on-demand distributed on cable, direct broadcast satellite (“DBS”) providers and digital platforms.

The worldwide television distribution of SPE’s motion pictures and television programming (and product acquired or licensed from others) is handled through Sony Pictures Television. SPE’s library of motion pictures and television programming is licensed to linear distributors such as broadcast television networks, pay and basic cable networks and DBS providers, as well as to digital platforms such as subscription and advertising supported digital platforms (including Sony’s PlayStation^TM Network, Netflix and Amazon).

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SPE’s television networks are distributed through cable, DBS providers, telecommunications companies and digital platforms to viewers around the world. These networks generate advertising, subscription and other ancillary revenues.

Financial Services

Sony Life conducts its life insurance business primarily in Japan. Sony Life’s core business is providing death protection and other insurance products to individuals, primarily through a consulting-based sales approach utilizing its experienced team of Lifeplanner^® sales employees as well as partner independent sales agents. Sony Life provides tailor-made life insurance products that are optimized for each customer. As of March 31, 2019, Sony Life employed 5,164 Lifeplanner^® sales employees. Sony Life maintains an extensive service network which mainly consists of the Lifeplanner^® channel and the independent agent channel in Japan. The Lifeplanner^® channel is characterized by recruitment of high-caliber sales professionals from industries outside the life insurance industry, quality improvement through education and training, performance-linked compensation and high productivity. Lifeplanner^® sales employees offer custom-made packages. Most of the agents in the independent agent channel are corporate and non-exclusive agents, primarily shop-style agents. Shop-style agents are a sub-channel of the independent agent channel, who offer insurance in local stores and provide customers with opportunities to compare various insurers’ products. To enhance Sony Life’s relationship with independent agents, Sony Life’s agent support staff provides independent agents with various support services, including recruiting, training and sales promotion activities. As part of its plan to expand its sales of individual annuity products, Sony Life established AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. (“AEGON Sony Life”) in August 2007 and SA Reinsurance (“SA Re”) in October 2009, both 50-50 joint venture companies with AEGON N.V. AEGON Sony Life and SA Re began operations in Japan in December 2009 and in Bermuda in January 2010, respectively. In May 2019, Sony Life entered into an agreement pursuant to which Sony Life will acquire from AEGON International B.V. the remaining 50% stakes of AEGON Sony Life and SA Re, both of which are currently equity-method affiliate companies of SFH. AEGON Sony Life and SA Re will become wholly-owned subsidiaries of SFH after the completion of the acquisition of the remaining shares, which is subject to certain closing conditions, including regulatory approvals.

Sony Assurance has conducted a non-life insurance business in Japan since October 1999. Sony Assurance’s core business is providing automobile insurance products and medical insurance products to individual customers, primarily through direct marketing via the internet and the telephone. The direct marketing business model employed by Sony Assurance enables it to improve operating efficiency and lower the costs of marketing and maintaining its insurance policies, creating savings which it passes on to policyholders in the form of competitively priced premiums.

Sony Bank has conducted banking operations in Japan since June 2001. As an internet bank focusing on the asset management and borrowing needs of individual customers, Sony Bank offers an array of products and services including yen and foreign currency deposits, investment trusts and mortgages. By using Sony Bank’s transaction channel, the “MONEYKit” service website, account holders can invest and manage assets over the internet according to their life plans. On July 1, 2011, Sony Bank acquired Sony’s 57% equity interest in Sony Payment Services Inc. (“Sony Payment Services”), resulting in Sony Payment Services becoming a consolidated subsidiary of Sony Bank. Sony Payment Services is an industry-leading provider of credit card settlement services to members of its internet network.

All Other

Sony Energy Devices Corporation and Sony Storage Media Solutions Corporation sell their battery and storage media products, respectively, through Sony’s Electronics sales companies, mentioned in the Electronics’ Sales and Distribution section above, as well as through their own sales forces. Sony DADC group (“Sony DADC”) offers Blu-ray Disc^™, DVD and CD media replication services as well as digital and physical supply chain solutions to business customers.

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Sales to External Customers by Geographic Area

The following table shows Sony’s consolidated sales to external customers in each of its major markets for the periods indicated.

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017		2018		2019
	(Yen in millions)
Japan		2,392,790		2,625,619		2,591,784
United States		1,673,768		1,835,705		1,982,135
Europe		1,634,683		1,841,457		1,862,166
China		557,995		674,718		770,416
Asia-Pacific		866,712		1,024,179		912,193
Other Areas		477,302		542,304		546,993
Total		7,603,250		8,543,982		8,665,687

Sources of Supply

Sony procures raw materials, parts and components used in the production of its products on a global basis on the most favorable terms that it can achieve. These items are purchased from various suppliers around the world. Sony has a general policy of maintaining multiple suppliers for important parts and components and, in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony continued to optimize the number of its suppliers to achieve efficiencies and to minimize procurement risk when possible.

When raw materials, parts and components become scarce, the cost of production rises. For example, LCD panels and memory devices, which are used in multiple applications, can influence Sony’s performance when the cost of such parts and components fluctuates substantially. With regard to raw materials, the market price of copper may fluctuate and impact the cost of the parts and components that utilize copper, such as printed circuit boards and power cables. The price of resin and sheet steel, which is widely used in mechanical parts and components, may also fluctuate and impact the cost of those parts and components.

After-Sales Service

Sony provides repair and servicing functions in the areas where its electronics products are sold. Sony provides these services through its own online support network, call centers, service centers, factories, authorized independent service centers, authorized servicing dealers and subsidiaries.

In line with industry practices of the electronics businesses, almost all of Sony’s consumer-use products that are sold in Japan carry a warranty, generally for a period of one year from the date of purchase, covering repairs, free of charge, in the case of a malfunction in the course of ordinary use of the product. Warranties outside of Japan generally provide coverage for various periods of time depending on the product and the area in which it is marketed. In the case of broadcast- and professional-use products, Sony maintains support contracts with customers in addition to warranties.

To further help ensure customer satisfaction, Sony maintains customer information centers in its principal markets and web support information for all markets.

Patents and Licenses

Sony has a number of Japanese and foreign patents relating to its products. Sony is licensed to use a number of patents owned by others, covering a wide range of products. Certain of these licenses are important to Sony’s business. Sony products that employ DVD player functionality, including PlayStation^®4 (“PS4”) hardware, are substantially dependent upon patents that relate to technologies specified in the DVD specifications and are licensed from Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation. Sony products that employ Blu-ray Disc^™ player functionality and DVD player functionality, including PS4 hardware, are substantially dependent upon patents that relate to technologies specified in the Blu-ray Disc^™ specifications and are licensed by MPEG LA LLC and One-Blue, LLC, in addition to the patents that relate to technologies specified in the DVD specifications, as described above. Sony considers its overall license position beneficial to its operations.

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Competition

In each of its principal product lines and services, Sony encounters intense competition throughout the world. Sony believes, however, that in the aggregate it competes successfully and has a major position in all of the principal product lines and services in which it is engaged, although the strength of its position varies with products and markets. Refer to “Risk Factors” in “Item 3. Key Information.”

Electronics and All Other

Sony believes that its product planning and product design expertise, the high quality of its products, its record of innovative product introductions and product improvements, the user experience it provides and the ecosystem that supports such an experience, its price competitiveness derived from reductions in manufacturing and indirect costs, and its extensive marketing and servicing efforts are important factors in maintaining its competitive position. Continuing to provide high-value added products, services and experiences is a key factor by which Sony aims to differentiate itself in the highly competitive market of consumer electronics. Sony believes that the success of the G&NS businesses is determined by the availability of attractive software titles and related content, downloadable content, network services and peripherals. In the Semiconductors segment, Sony puts significant effort into keeping Sony’s strong competitive position by investing in R&D and production capacity, while also trying to avoid overinvesting and increasing fixed costs by carefully monitoring customer demand, market trends and demand for end-user products.

Music

Success in the music industry is dependent to a large extent upon the artistic and creative abilities of artists, producers and employees and is subject to the vagaries of public taste. The Music segment’s future competitive position depends on its continuing ability to attract and develop artists and products that can achieve a high degree of public acceptance as well as offer efficient services. In addition, Sony believes that the success of the Music segment’s animation products and game applications business, Aniplex, is largely dependent on the creative talent of game producers and developers, and is also subject to the vagaries of public taste.

Pictures

SPE faces intense competition from all forms of entertainment and other leisure activities to attract the attention of audiences worldwide. SPE competes with other motion picture studios and production companies to obtain story rights and talent, including writers, actors, directors and producers, which are essential to the success of SPE’s products. SPE competes with other companies, in particular technology companies, who are expanding into the production or distribution of film and television programing. In motion picture production and distribution, SPE faces competition to obtain exhibition and distribution outlets and optimal release dates for its products. In addition, SPE faces competition to acquire motion pictures and television programming from third parties. In television production and distribution, competition arises from the increasing fragmentation of audiences among broadcast and cable networks, DBS providers, digital platforms and other outlets both within and outside of the U.S. Furthermore, broadcast networks in the U.S., or their affiliated production companies, continue to produce their own shows internally. This competitive environment may result in fewer opportunities to produce shows for U.S. networks and a shorter lifespan for ordered shows that do not immediately achieve favorable ratings. SPE’s worldwide television networks compete for viewers with broadcast and cable networks, DBS providers, digital platforms and other forms of entertainment. The growth in the number of networks around the world has increased the competition for advertising and subscription revenues, acquisition of programming, and distribution of SPE’s television networks by cable, DBS providers, digital platforms and other distribution systems.

Financial Services

In the Financial Services segment, Sony faces strong competition in the financial services markets in Japan. In recent years, the regulatory barriers between the life insurance and non-life insurance industries as well as among the insurance, banking and securities industries have been relaxed, resulting in new competitive pressures.

Sony Life competes not only with traditional insurance companies in Japan but also with other companies including online insurance companies, foreign-owned life insurance companies and a number of Japanese cooperative associations.

Sony Assurance competes against insurers that sell their policies through sales agents as well as insurers that, like Sony Assurance, primarily sell their policies through direct marketing via the telephone and the internet. Competition in Japan’s non-life insurance industry has intensified in recent years, in part due to a number of new market entrants, including foreign-owned insurers.

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Some of the competitors in the life insurance and non-life insurance businesses have advantages over Sony including:

• greater financial resources and financial strength ratings;

• greater brand awareness;

• more extensive marketing and sales networks, including through tie-ups with other types of financial institutions;

• more competitive pricing;

• larger customer bases; and

• a wider range of products and services.

Sony Bank has focused on providing retail asset management and mortgage services for individuals, and faces significant competition in Japan’s retail financial services market. Sony Bank competes with traditional banking institutions, regional banks, trust banks, non-bank companies, and newer financial groups providing online full-services of bank and brokerage in Japan.

In the Financial Services segment, it is important to maintain a strong and healthy financial foundation for the business as well as to meet diversifying customer needs. Sony Life and Sony Assurance have maintained a high solvency margin ratio, relative to the Japanese domestic minimum solvency margin ratio requirements. Sony Bank has maintained a sufficient capital adequacy ratio relative to the Japanese domestic criteria.

Government Regulations

Sony’s business activities are subject to various governmental regulations in different countries in which it operates, including regulations relating to: various business/investment approvals; trade affairs, including customs, import and export control; competition and antitrust; anti-bribery; advertising and promotion; intellectual property; broadcasting, consumer and business taxation; foreign exchange controls; personal information protection; product safety; labor; human rights; conflict; occupational health and safety; environmental; and recycling requirements.

In Japan, Sony’s insurance businesses are subject to the Insurance Business Act and approvals and oversight from the Financial Services Agency (“FSA”). The primary purpose of the Insurance Business Act and related regulations is to protect policyholders, not shareholders. The Insurance Business Act specifies the types of businesses insurance companies may engage in, imposes limits on the types and amounts of investments that can be made and requires insurance companies to maintain specified reserves and a minimum solvency margin ratio. In particular, life insurance companies must maintain a premium reserve (for the portion of their portfolio other than unearned premiums), an unearned premium reserve, a reserve for refunds with respect to certain insurance contracts of life insurance companies specified in the Insurance Business Act’s regulations, and a contingency reserve in amounts no lower than the amount of the “standard policy reserve” as set forth by the regulatory guidelines. The FSA maintains a solvency standard which is used by Japanese regulators to monitor the financial strength of insurance companies. Non-life insurance companies are also required to provide a policy reserve. Sony Bank is also subject to regulation by the FSA under the Banking Act of Japan, including the requirement that it maintain a minimum capital adequacy ratio in accordance with capital adequacy guidelines adopted by the FSA based on the Basel III agreement. The FSA has broad regulatory powers over insurance and banking businesses in Japan, including the authority to grant or revoke operating licenses and to request information and conduct onsite inspections of books and records. Sony’s subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment are subject to the Japanese Insurance Business Act and Banking Act that require insurance and business companies to maintain their financial credibility and to secure protection for policyholders and depositors in view of the public importance of insurance and banking services. As such, lending and borrowing between subsidiaries in the Financial Service segment and the other companies within Sony Group is strictly limited.

In addition, Sony’s telecommunication businesses in Japan are subject to approvals and oversight from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, under the Telecommunications Business Act and other regulations related to the internet businesses and communication methods in Japan.

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Social Responsibility Regulations Such as Environmental and Human Rights Regulations

Sony monitors, evaluates, and complies with new environmental requirements that may affect its operations. For example, in Europe, Sony is required to comply with a number of environmental regulations enacted by the EU such as the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (“RoHS”) Directive, the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (“WEEE”) Directive and the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (“REACH”) regulation. Similar regulations are being formulated in other areas of the world, including South American, Southeast Asian and Middle Eastern countries.

Sony has taken steps to address new regulations or governmental policies related to climate change including carbon disclosure, greenhouse gas emission reduction, carbon taxes and energy efficiency for electronics products. For example, Sony has established an internal management system in response to the EU directive on energy-related products and their energy efficiency (“ErP”).

Sony also monitors and evaluates newly adopted laws and regulations that may affect its operations applicable to purchasing activities including the procurement of raw materials, with respect to environmental, occupational health and safety, human rights, labor and armed conflict issues, and complies as appropriate.

Also refer to “Risk Factors” in “Item 3. Key Information.”

Disclosure pursuant to Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012

Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 added Section 13(r) to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), as amended. Section 13(r) requires an issuer to disclose in its annual or quarterly reports, as applicable, whether it or any of its affiliates knowingly engaged in certain activities, transactions or dealings relating to Iran or with designated natural persons or entities sanctioned under programs relating to terrorism or the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Disclosure is required even where the activities, transactions or dealings are conducted outside the U.S. by non-U.S. affiliates in compliance with applicable law, and whether or not the activities are sanctionable under U.S. law.

Sony is aware that certain transactions during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, as described below, may be disclosable pursuant to Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act.

Sony does not customarily allocate net profit on a country-by-country or activity-by-activity basis, other than as set forth in Sony’s consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP; thus, the net profit and loss described below are non-U.S. GAAP figures and are estimated solely for the purpose of preparing this disclosure pursuant to Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act. The information below is to the best of Sony’s knowledge, and in particular Sony may not be aware of all potentially reportable sales by third-party-owned dealers and distributors.

• During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, a non-U.S. subsidiary of Sony sold medical instruments, including medical printers, print media and monitors, to a third-party-owned dealer in Dubai, which, to the best of Sony’s knowledge, planned to resell those products to hospitals and health organizations in Iran, some of which are under the control of the Iranian Ministry of Health. Sony’s gross revenue from these sales was approximately 1.4 million U.S. dollars, and Sony has estimated that its net profit from such sales was 0.2 million U.S. dollars.

• Sony’s representative office in Tehran, Iran, which was established in 1992, has been closed and has been under liquidation processes since before the beginning of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2014. In the course of liquidation, Sony engages in certain incidental transactions (for example, permits, taxes, and similar matters incidental to the wind-down of the office in Iran) with Iranian government-owned entities. No material revenues or profits are associated with these transactions with the Iranian government-owned entities.

Sony is not aware of any other activity, transaction or dealing by Sony Corporation or any of its affiliates during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 that is disclosable in this report under Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act. As of the date of this report, Sony does not anticipate that any activity, transaction or dealing that may be disclosable will be conducted during the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020, except as described above in connection with the wind-down of its representative office in Iran. Nevertheless, Sony has continued to monitor developments in this area, especially in the light of the United States’ decision that was implemented in its entirety on November 5, 2018 to cease its participation in the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action of July 14, 2015, among the United States, the United Kingdom, China, France, Russia, Germany, the European Union and Iran and re-impose certain secondary sanctions (i.e., laws and regulations that threaten to impose U.S. economic

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sanctions on non-U.S. companies engaging in specified transactions with Iran outside U.S. jurisdiction). Sony will determine whether and to what extent they affect Sony’s business with Iranian customers as currently conducted and may additionally be conducted. Such business activities may require disclosure pursuant to Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act. Sony intends to conduct any such business activities in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.

Sony believes, and maintains policies and procedures designed to ensure that, its transactions with Iran and elsewhere have been conducted in accordance with applicable economic sanctions laws and regulations and do not involve transactions likely to result in the imposition of sanctions or other penalties on Sony. However, there can be no assurance that Sony’s policies and procedures will be effective, and if the relevant authorities were to impose penalties or sanctions against Sony, the impact of such sanctions could be material.

C. Organizational Structure

The following table sets forth the significant subsidiaries owned, directly or indirectly, by Sony Corporation.

Name of company	Country of incorporation/residence	(As of March 31, 2019) Percentage owned
Sony Global Manufacturing & Operations Corporation	Japan		100.0
Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation	Japan		100.0
Sony Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation	Japan		100.0
Sony Marketing Inc.	Japan		100.0
Sony Mobile Communications Inc.	Japan		100.0
Sony Network Communications Inc.	Japan		100.0
Sony Interactive Entertainment Inc.	Japan		100.0
Sony Visual Products Inc.*1	Japan		100.0
Sony Video & Sound Products Inc.*1	Japan		100.0
Sony Storage Media Solutions Corporation	Japan		100.0
Sony Imaging Products & Solutions Inc.	Japan		100.0
Sony Music Entertainment (Japan) Inc.	Japan		100.0
Sony Financial Holdings Inc.*2	Japan		65.1
Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd.*2	Japan		100.0
Sony Bank Inc.*2	Japan		100.0
Sony Assurance Inc.*2	Japan		100.0
Sony Americas Holding Inc.	U.S.A.		100.0
Sony Corporation of America	U.S.A.		100.0
Sony Entertainment Inc.	U.S.A.		100.0
Sony Electronics Inc.	U.S.A.		100.0
Sony Interactive Entertainment LLC	U.S.A.		100.0
Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc.	U.S.A.		100.0
CPT Holdings, Inc.	U.S.A.		100.0
Sony Music Entertainment	U.S.A.		100.0
Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC	U.S.A.		100.0
Nile Acquisition LLC	U.S.A.		100.0
Sony Europe B.V.	U.K.		100.0
Sony Interactive Entertainment Europe Ltd.	U.K.		100.0
Sony Global Treasury Services Plc	U.K.		100.0
Sony Overseas Holding B.V.	Netherlands		100.0
Sony (China) Limited	China		100.0
Sony EMCS (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.	Malaysia		100.0
Sony Electronics (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.	Singapore		100.0

*1 SVP and SVS merged to become SHES in April 2019.

*2 Sony Corporation owns 65.1% of Sony Financial Holdings Inc., and Sony Financial Holdings Inc. owns 100% of Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Sony Bank Inc. and Sony Assurance Inc.

D. Property, Plant and Equipment

Sony has a number of offices, plants and warehouses throughout the world. Most of the buildings and land in/on which such offices, plants and warehouses are located are owned by Sony.

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The following table sets forth information as of March 31, 2019 with respect to plants used for the production of products mainly for electronics products and services with floor space of more than 500,000 square feet:

Location	Approximate floor space		Principal products produced
	(square feet)
In Japan:
Nagasaki (Sony Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation — Nagasaki TEC)		2,305,000	CMOS Image Sensors
Kumamoto (Sony Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation — Kumamoto TEC)		2,229,000	CMOS & CCD Image Sensors, Microdisplay
Kagoshima (Sony Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation — Kagoshima TEC)		1,789,000	Analog LSI, Crystal LED (Panel Process), MMIC
Oita (Sony Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation — Oita TEC)		975,000	CMOS Image Sensors (Wafer Process)
Kohda, Aichi (Sony Global Manufacturing & Operations Corporation — Tokai TEC — Kohda Site)		903,000	Digital Still Cameras, Video Camera Peripherals, Interchangeable-lens Cameras, Lenses for Interchangeable-lens Cameras, Lenses, Lens Blocks, Audio Devices, aibo
Inazawa, Aichi (Sony Global Manufacturing & Operations Corporation — Tokai TEC — Inazawa Site)		842,000	Surface Mounted Boards, TVs, Crystal LED (Assembly)
Tsuruoka, Yamagata (Sony Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation — Yamagata TEC)		703,000	CMOS Image Sensors (Wafer Process)
Kosai, Shizuoka (Sony Global Manufacturing & Operations Corporation — Tokai TEC — Kosai Site)		576,000	Broadcasting/Professional Equipment (Cameras/Editing Systems), Projectors, Professional-use Microphones, Professional-use Monitors, Medical Peripheral Equipment, Flow Cytometers
Kisarazu, Chiba (Sony Global Manufacturing & Operations Corporation — Kisarazu TEC)		541,000	PlayStation®4, FeliCa IC Cards and Related Devices
Outside of Japan:
Terre Haute, Indiana, U.S.A. (Sony DADC US Inc.)		1,352,000	Blu-ray Disc™-ROMs
Bangi, Malaysia (Sony EMCS (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. — KL TEC)		1,183,000	TVs, TV Components
Penang, Malaysia (Sony EMCS (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. — PG TEC)		1,021,000	System Stereos, Home Audios, BD Players, BD Recorders, Digital Music Players, Headphones, Personal Audios
Huizhou, China (Sony Precision Devices (Huizhou) Co., Ltd.)		1,010,000	Optical Pickups
Wuxi, China (Sony Digital Products (Wuxi) Co., Ltd.)		798,000	Digital Still Cameras, Lens Assembly, Interchangeable-lens Cameras, Lenses for Interchangeable-lens Cameras
Beijing, China (Sony Mobile Communications (China) Co., Ltd.)		552,000	Mobile Phones
Bangkadi, Thailand (Sony Device Technology (Thailand) Co.,Ltd.)		513,000	Image Sensor Assembly

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In addition to the above facilities, Sony has a number of other plants for electronic products throughout the world. Sony owns R&D facilities, and Sony Corporation’s headquarters building, with a total floor space of approximately 1,753,000 square feet, in Tokyo, Japan, where administrative functions and product development activities are carried out. SIEI has its corporate headquarters in Sony Corporation’s headquarters building and leases additional office space in Tokyo from a third party, where administrative functions, product development, and software development are carried out. SIE and SIEE lease their offices in the U.S. and Europe, respectively.

SPE’s corporate offices and motion picture and television production facilities are headquartered in Culver City, California, where it owns and operates a studio facility, Sony Pictures Studios, with aggregate floor space of approximately 1,939,200 square feet. SPE also leases office space and motion picture and television support facilities from third parties and affiliates of Sony Corporation in various worldwide locations. SPE’s film and videotape storage operations are located in various leased locations in the U.S. and Europe.

SME’s corporate offices are headquartered in New York, NY where it leases office space from SCA. SME also leases office space from third parties in various locations worldwide.

Most of SMEJ’s offices, including leased premises, are located in Tokyo, Japan.

SCA’s corporate offices are headquartered in New York, NY where it leases office space from a third party.

Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments

None

Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

A. Operating Results

Operating Performance

The following discussion covers the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019. For the discussion covering the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, please refer to “Item 5.A.” of Sony’s Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 filed with the SEC on June 19, 2018.

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2018		2019
	(Yen in billions)
Sales and operating revenue		8,544.0		8,665.7
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies		8.6		(3.0	)
Operating income		734.9		894.2
Income before income taxes		699.0		1,011.6
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders		490.8		916.3

Sales

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, sales and operating revenue (“Sales”) were 8,665.7 billion yen, an increase of 121.7 billion yen compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. This increase was mainly due to a significant increase in sales in the Game & Network Services (“G&NS”) segment, partially offset primarily by a significant decrease in sales in the Mobile Communications (“MC”) segment. In addition, sales for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 included 6.7 billion yen and 2.6 billion yen of insurance recoveries, mainly for opportunity losses related to the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes (the “Kumamoto Earthquakes”) in the Semiconductors segment and the Imaging Products & Solutions (“IP&S”) segment, respectively. A further breakdown of sales figures is presented under “Operating Performance by Business Segment” below.

Cost of Sales, Selling, General and Administrative Expenses and Other Operating (Income) Expense, net

“Sales” in the analysis of the ratio of “cost of sales” to sales, the ratio of “R&D costs” to sales, and the ratio of “selling, general and administrative expenses” (“SGA expenses”) to sales refers only to the net sales and other operating revenue portions of consolidated sales (which excludes financial services revenue). This is because financial services expenses are recorded separately from cost of sales and SGA expenses in the consolidated financial statements. The calculations of all ratios below that pertain to reportable segments include intersegment transactions.

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For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, cost of sales decreased 37.5 billion yen year-on-year to 5,150.8 billion yen. The ratio of cost of sales to sales improved year-on-year from 70.9% to 69.7%.

R&D costs (all R&D costs are included within cost of sales) increased 22.7 billion yen year-on-year to 481.2 billion yen. The ratio of R&D costs to sales was 6.5% compared to 6.3% in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. For further details, refer to Research and Development in Item 5.C.

SGA expenses decreased 6.4 billion yen year-on-year to 1,576.8 billion yen. The ratio of SGA expenses to sales improved year-on-year from 21.6% to 21.3%.

Other operating (income) expense, net, resulted in income of 71.6 billion yen, compared with a loss of 4.1 billion yen in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. This significant improvement was mainly due to the following factors that occurred in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 and the absence of the following factors that occurred in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. Refer to Note 21 of the consolidated financial statements.

Factors that occurred in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019

• Remeasurement gain (116.9 billion yen) in connection with Sony’s acquisition of the remaining approximately 60% equity interest in DH Publishing, L.P. (“EMI”), which owned and managed EMI Music Publishing (Music segment)

• An impairment charge against long-lived assets: 19.2 billion yen (MC segment)

• An impairment charge against long-lived assets and goodwill: 12.9 billion yen (All Other)

Factors that occurred in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018

• An impairment charge against long-lived assets: 31.3 billion yen (MC segment)

• A gain resulting from the sale of the entire equity interest in a manufacturing subsidiary in the camera module business: 28.3 billion yen (Semiconductors segment)

• A gain resulting from the sale of real estate held by a subsidiary: 10.5 billion yen (Music segment)

• A gain resulting from the sale of manufacturing equipment: 8.6 billion yen (Semiconductors segment)

Equity in Net Income (Loss) of Affiliated Companies

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies was a loss of 3.0 billion yen, compared to income of 8.6 billion yen in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. This deterioration primarily resulted from an 11.6 billion yen deterioration in equity in net income (loss) for EMI, mainly due to expenses relating to warrants and management equity plans in connection with Sony’s acquisition of the remaining approximately 60% equity interest in EMI in the Music segment.

Operating Income

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, operating income increased 159.4 billion yen year-on-year to 894.2 billion yen. This significant increase was primarily due to significant increases in operating income in the G&NS and Music segments, partially offset by a significant increase in the operating loss in the MC segment. Operating income for the current fiscal year as well as the previous fiscal year included the above-mentioned factors being recorded as other operating (income) expense, net.

Other Income and Expenses

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, other income increased by 121.0 billion yen year-on-year, to 144.7 billion yen, while other expenses decreased by 32.2 billion yen year-on-year, to 27.3 billion yen. The net amount of other income and other expenses was income of 117.4 billion yen, an improvement of 153.2 billion yen year-on-year primarily due to a 101.7 billion yen gain on equity securities, net, recorded in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 as a result of Spotify Technology S.A.’s (“Spotify”) public listing. Refer to Note 7 of the consolidated financial statements.

The foreign exchange loss, net, decreased by 19.4 billion yen year-on-year, to 11.3 billion yen.

Interest and dividends in other income of 21.6 billion yen were recorded in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, an increase of 1.8 billion yen year-on-year. Interest recorded in other expenses totaled 12.5 billion yen, a decrease of 1.1 billion yen year-on-year.

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Income before Income Taxes

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, income before income taxes was 1,011.6 billion yen, an increase of 312.6 billion yen year-on-year.

Income Taxes

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony recorded 45.1 billion yen of income tax expense, resulting in an effective tax rate of 4.5%, which was lower than the effective tax rate of 21.7% in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. This lower effective tax rate in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 was mainly due to income tax expense not being recorded on the remeasurement gain for the equity interest in EMI that was recorded in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, as well as the reversal of valuation allowances against a significant portion of the deferred tax assets in the U.S. consolidated tax group, resulting in a tax benefit of 154.2 billion yen being recorded in the three months ended December 31, 2018. Refer to Note 22 of the consolidated financial statements.

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, net income attributable to noncontrolling interests of 50.3 billion yen was recorded, a decrease of 6.2 billion yen year-on-year.

Net Income Attributable to Sony Corporation’s Stockholders

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders, which excludes net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, was 916.3 billion yen, an increase of 425.5 billion yen year-on-year.

Basic net income per share and diluted net income per share, attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 were 723.41 yen and 707.74 yen, respectively, compared with 388.32 yen and 379.75 yen, respectively, in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. Refer to Note 23 of the consolidated financial statements.

Operating Performance by Business Segment

The following discussion is based on segment information. Sales and operating revenue in each business segment include intersegment transactions. Refer to Note 29 of the consolidated financial statements.

In addition to those significant trends, uncertainties and events listed herein, refer to Trend Information in Item 5.D for more information on significant trends, uncertainties and events that had, or may have, an effect on business segment operating performance.

Game & Network Services (“G&NS”)

Key Financial Figures

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2018		2019
	(Yen in millions)
Sales to external customers by product category
Digital Software and Add-on Content		762,220		1,102,231
Network Services		270,972		326,524
Hardware & Others		815,106		795,867
Sales to external customers		1,848,298		2,224,622
Intersegment sales		95,514		86,250
G&NS segment total sales		1,943,812		2,310,872
G&NS segment operating income		177,478		311,092
	(Units in millions)
Major product unit sales
PS4 hardware		19.0		17.8

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For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, sales increased 367.1 billion yen year-on-year to 2,310.9 billion yen. This increase was primarily due to an increase in game software sales as well as an increase in the number of subscribers for PlayStation^®Plus, a paid membership service, partially offset by a decrease in PlayStation^®4 (“PS4”) hardware sales.

Operating income increased 133.6 billion yen year-on-year to 311.1 billion yen, primarily due to the impact of the above-mentioned increase in sales.

The operating performance of the G&NS segment for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 reflected the continued demand for hardware, software and network services, as well as the expansion of free-to-play games which are monetized via microtransactions rather than an up-front purchase, and increased market interest surrounding cloud-based game streaming services. The expansion of the PS4 eco-system is expected to continue throughout the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020, during which Sony intends to expand the network services business and increase the PS4 install base, while also focusing on development of the next-generation console in order to continue delivering immersive experiences to PlayStation users in a variety of ways, including via its proprietary game streaming services, Remote Play and PlayStation Now.

Music

Key Financial Figures

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2018		2019
	(Yen in millions)
Sales to external customers by product category
Recorded Music		446,960		426,926
Music Publishing		74,360		106,666
Visual Media & Platform		263,472		261,433
Sales to external customers		784,792		795,025
Intersegment sales		15,203		12,464
Music segment total sales		799,995		807,489
Music segment operating income		127,786		232,487

On November 14, 2018, Sony acquired the entirety of the approximately 60% equity interest held by the investor consortium led by Mubadala Investment Company in EMI, resulting in EMI becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony. Financial results of EMI included in the Music segment include Sony’s equity earnings (loss) in EMI from April 1 through November 13, 2018 and sales and operating income (loss) of EMI from November 14, 2018 through March 31, 2019, as well as a non-cash gain recorded as a result of the remeasurement to fair value of the approximately 40% equity interest in EMI that Sony owned prior to the acquisition.

The Music segment results include the yen-translated results of Sony Music Entertainment (“SME”), Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC (“Sony/ATV”) and the above-mentioned EMI, all U.S.-based operations which aggregate the results of their worldwide subsidiaries on a U.S. dollar basis, and the results of Sony Music Entertainment (Japan) Inc., a Japan-based music company which aggregates its results in yen.

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, sales were 807.5 billion yen, essentially flat year-on-year. This result was primarily due to higher streaming revenues, as well as higher sales for Music Publishing resulting from the consolidation of the results of EMI from November 14, 2018 onward, substantially offset by lower physical sales in Recorded Music primarily due to the impact of the new accounting standard regarding revenue from contracts with customers.

Operating income increased 104.7 billion yen year-on-year to 232.5 billion yen. This significant increase was primarily due to the above-mentioned recording of a 116.9 billion yen remeasurement gain resulting from the consolidation of EMI, partially offset by the above-mentioned recording of an 11.6 billion yen deterioration of equity in net income (loss) in connection with Sony’s acquisition of the remaining approximately 60% interest in EMI.

The operating performance of the Music segment for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 reflected continued growth in the market for recorded music despite decreases in physical and digital download revenues, mainly due to the expansion of digital streaming. In this environment, Sony has pursued initiatives to increase

33

streaming, performance, and other licensing revenues through continued investment in new recorded music and music publishing rights. Pursuant to these initiatives, in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony completed the acquisition of EMI as described above, allowing Sony to build upon its music publishing library by gaining full ownership of the EMI music publishing catalog. In the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020, Sony intends to continue these initiatives, while also striving to extend the lifetime value of the Fate/Grand Order game application as it continues development of other game applications based on animation titles.

Pictures

Key Financial Figures

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2018		2019
	(Yen in millions)
Sales to external customers by product category
Motion Pictures		448,945		436,017
Television Productions		289,024		288,816
Media Networks		272,204		260,437
Sales to external customers		1,010,173		985,270
Intersegment sales		894		1,603
Pictures segment total sales		1,011,067		986,873
Pictures segment operating income		41,110		54,599

The results presented in Pictures are a yen-translation of the results of Sony Pictures Entertainment (“SPE”), a U.S.-based operation that aggregates the results of its worldwide subsidiaries on a U.S. dollar basis. Management analyzes the results of SPE in U.S. dollars, so discussion of certain portions of its results is specified as being on “a U.S. dollar basis.”

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, sales decreased 24.2 billion yen (2%) year-on-year (a 3% decrease on a U.S. dollar basis) to 986.9 billion yen. The decrease in sales on a U.S. dollar basis was due to lower sales in Motion Pictures, Media Networks and Television Productions. The decrease in sales for Motion Pictures was primarily due to lower worldwide theatrical revenues due to the stronger performance of the prior year film slate which included Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle and Spider-Man: Homecoming, as compared to the current year film slate which included Venom and Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation. The decrease in sales for Media Networks was due to lower advertising and subscription revenues at various international channels as compared to the previous fiscal year, which included revenues for the Indian Premier League cricket competition. The decrease in sales for Television Productions was due to lower licensing revenues for various U.S. television series and catalog product, partially offset by higher sales due to the impact of the new accounting standard regarding revenue recognition from contracts with customers.

Operating income increased by 13.5 billion yen to 54.6 billion yen. This significant increase was primarily due to an improvement in the profitability of Motion Pictures which benefited from television licensing and home entertainment sales of higher margin titles including Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle and Peter Rabbit, and lower theatrical marketing expenses. The current fiscal year also benefited from the 3.8 billion yen impact of the new accounting standard regarding revenue from contracts with customers. This increase was partially offset by the impact of 12.8 billion yen in programming write-offs and severance expenses related to a review of the channel portfolio within Media Networks undertaken to streamline the business, as well as the impact of lower sales for Media Networks and Television Productions.

The operating performance of the Pictures segment for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 reflected a continued shift in the market to a non-linear, on-demand digital business model in which media distributors increasingly seek to own more of the content they broadcast. In this environment, Sony has worked to enhance the global appeal of its content and enhance its developed and acquired intellectual property, while also striving to build and maintain strong relationships with top content creators and major networks around the world. Additionally, in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony carried out a review of the channel portfolio within Media Networks to streamline the business, which is expected to contribute to an improvement in profitability in the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020 and beyond. Sony intends to continue these initiatives in the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020.

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Home Entertainment & Sound (“HE&S”)

Key Financial Figures

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2018		2019
	(Yen in millions)
Sales to external customers by product category
Televisions		861,763		788,423
Audio and Video		357,194		362,580
Other		2,777		3,530
Sales to external customers		1,221,734		1,154,533
Intersegment sales		999		878
HE&S segment total sales		1,222,733		1,155,411
HE&S segment operating income		85,841		89,669
	(Units in millions)
Major product unit sales
Televisions		12.4		11.3

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, sales decreased 67.3 billion yen year-on-year to 1,155.4 billion yen, due to a decrease in television unit sales resulting from a strategic decision not to pursue scale in order to focus on profitability, as well as the impact of foreign exchange rates. This decrease was partially offset by an improvement in the product mix reflecting a shift to high value-added models.

Operating income increased 3.8 billion yen year-on-year to 89.7 billion yen. This increase was primarily due to an improvement in the product mix reflecting a shift to high value-added models, partially offset by the negative impact of foreign exchange rates and the above-mentioned decrease in sales.

The operating performance of the HE&S segment for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 reflected the relatively stabilized television market and a continued market shift to high value-added models such as 4K televisions. In this environment, Sony expects to continue to pursue an improvement in product mix reflecting the shift to high value-added models including 4K OLED televisions, and an enhancement of its marketing initiatives.

Imaging Products & Solutions (“IP&S”)

Key Financial Figures

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2018		2019
	(Yen in millions)
Sales to external customers by product category
Still and Video Cameras		415,318		421,506
Other		231,845		239,798
Sales to external customers		647,163		661,304
Intersegment sales		8,729		9,146
IP&S segment total sales		655,892		670,450
IP&S segment operating income		74,924		83,975
	(Units in millions)
Major product unit sales
Digital cameras within Still and Video Cameras*		4.4		3.6

* Digital cameras include compact digital cameras and interchangeable lens cameras.

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, sales increased 14.6 billion yen year-on-year to 670.5 billion yen. This increase was mainly due to an improvement in the product mix reflecting a shift to high value-added models such as mirrorless single-lens cameras and the interchangeable lens lineup, partially offset by a decrease in compact digital camera unit sales reflecting a contraction of the market.

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Operating income increased 9.1 billion yen year-on-year to 84.0 billion yen. This increase was mainly due to the above-mentioned improvement in product mix as well as reductions in operating costs.

The operating performance of the IP&S segment for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 reflected shrinking markets for compact digital cameras, consumer video cameras and interchangeable lens cameras. In this environment, Sony continued to strengthen its high value-added products, such as interchangeable lens cameras and lenses, and focus on high-end models within its product portfolio of compact digital cameras and consumer video cameras. Sony intends to continue these initiatives in the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020.

Mobile Communications (“MC”)

Key Financial Figures

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2018			2019
	(Yen in millions)
Sales to external customers		713,916			487,330
Intersegment sales		9,826			10,670
MC segment total sales		723,742			498,000
MC segment operating loss		(27,636	)		(97,136	)
	(Units in millions)
Major product unit sales
Smartphones		13.5			6.5

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, sales decreased 225.7 billion yen year-on-year to 498.0 billion yen, due to a significant decrease in smartphone unit sales.

Operating loss increased 69.5 billion yen year-on-year to 97.1 billion yen. This significant increase in the operating loss was mainly due to the above-mentioned decrease in unit sales, the recording of expenses primarily for the write-down of excess components in inventory, and an increase in restructuring charges, partially offset by reductions in operating costs as well as a year-on-year decrease in the above-mentioned impairment charges recorded against long-lived assets.

The operating performance of the MC segment for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 reflected the continued slowing and maturation of the smartphone market on a global scale. In this environment, Sony revised its profitability improvement plan and adopted a new goal of reducing operating costs in the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021 compared with the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 by 50%. In connection with this revision, Sony carried out various initiatives such as accelerating its plan to cease production at its Beijing factory and exiting several regions such as the Middle East and Central and South America, while working to improve its product lineup with high value-added models such as the Xperia 1. Sony intends to stabilize the segment’s operating results through these initiatives, with the goal of eliminating the operating loss in the MC segment in the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021.

Semiconductors

Key Financial Figures

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2018		2019
	(Yen in millions)
Sales to external customers		726,892		770,622
Intersegment sales		123,118		108,708
Semiconductors segment total sales		850,010		879,330
Semiconductors segment operating income		164,023		143,874

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, sales increased 29.3 billion yen year-on-year to 879.3 billion yen. This increase was primarily due to a significant increase in sales of image sensors for mobile products, partially offset by a significant decrease in sales of camera modules.

Operating income decreased 20.1 billion yen year-on-year to 143.9 billion yen. This decrease was primarily due to an increase in research and development (“R&D”) expenses and in depreciation and amortization

36

expenses, as well as the absence of the above-mentioned 28.3 billion yen gain resulting from the sale of the entire equity interest in a manufacturing subsidiary in the camera module business, an 8.6 billion yen gain resulting from the sale of manufacturing equipment and 6.7 billion yen in insurance recoveries related to the Kumamoto Earthquakes, each recorded in the previous fiscal year. These negative factors were partially offset by the impact of the above-mentioned increase in sales.

The operating performance of the Semiconductors segment for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 reflected continued growth in demand for image sensors for mobile products, which is currently the most important market for Sony’s image sensors. This growth was largely due to increased demand for high value-added products that use these image sensors to improve their front-facing cameras, multiple-lens cameras and video functionality. In this environment, Sony positioned image sensors as the primary area of focus for capital expenditure in its mid-range plan for capital allocation, pursuant to which Sony continued to invest in production capacity for image sensors and increased its customer base while carefully monitoring demand in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Sony intends to continue these initiatives in the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020.

Electronics*

* The term “Electronics” refers to the sum of the G&NS, HE&S, IP&S, MC, and Semiconductors segments.

Inventory

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2018		2019
	(Yen in billions)
Game & Network Service		74.0		75.1
Home Entertainment & Sound		121.3		112.5
Imaging Products & Solutions		75.6		82.5
Mobile Communications		78.7		26.3
Semiconductors		240.9		253.4
Electronics Total		590.5		549.8

Sales to External Customers by Geographic Area

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2018			2019
Japan		18.1	%		16.6	%
United States		22.4	%		23.8	%
Europe		26.5	%		26.6	%
China		11.4	%		13.0	%
Asia-Pacific (other than Japan and China)		15.3	%		13.3	%
Other		6.3	%		6.7	%
Electronics Total		100	%		100	%

Manufacturing by Geographic Area

The following tables set forth the Electronics segments’ total production breakdown of in-house and outsourced production, and the breakdown of in-house production by geographic regions. Figures in parentheses indicate the percentage of products that were exported from each geographic region to other regions.

Total production breakdown of in-house and outsourced production*

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2018			2019
In-house production		63	%		64	%
Outsourced production		37	%		36	%
Electronics total		100	%		100	%

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Breakdown of in-house production by geographic regions*

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2018			2019
Japan		43% (89%	)		48% (89%	)
China		20% (62%	)		18% (57%	)
Asia-Pacific (other than Japan and China)		34% (66%	)		32% (72%	)
Americas and Europe		3% (less than 5%	)		2% (less than 5%	)
Electronics total		100%			100%

* Because decimals have been rounded upwards, there may be cases in which the sum of individual figures does not equal 100%.

Financial Services

In Sony’s Financial Services segment, the results include SFH and SFH’s consolidated subsidiaries such as Sony Life, Sony Assurance and Sony Bank. The results of Sony Life discussed below on the basis of U.S. GAAP differ from the results that SFH and Sony Life disclose separately on a Japanese statutory basis.

Key Financial Figures

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2018		2019
	(Yen in millions)
Financial services revenue		1,228,377		1,282,539
Financial Services segment operating income		178,947		161,477

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, financial services revenue increased 54.2 billion yen year-on-year to 1,282.5 billion yen. This was primarily due to an increase in revenue at Sony Life. Revenue at Sony Life increased 49.5 billion yen year-on-year to 1,143.1 billion yen, primarily due to higher insurance premium revenue reflecting an increase in the policy amount in force.

Operating income decreased 17.5 billion yen year-on-year to 161.5 billion yen primarily due to a decrease in operating income at Sony Life and Sony Bank. Operating income at Sony Life decreased 13.5 billion yen year-on-year to 145.6 billion yen, mainly due to the absence of the gain on the sale of real estate held for investment purposes in the general account recorded in the previous fiscal year, as well as a loss on the valuation of investment securities recorded in the current fiscal year. These decreases were partially offset by the impact of the above-mentioned increase in sales.

Operating income at Sony Bank decreased primarily due to the recording of a loss on the valuation of securities.

The operating performance of the Financial Services segment for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 reflected circumstances in the Japanese economy, bond market and foreign exchange market. Weakening global demand for IT products that began in early spring, coupled with trade tensions between the United States and China, caused global trade to contract. However, as domestic demand contrasted starkly with foreign demand, the Japanese economy saw slow but unstable growth, with Japan’s GDP growth rate fluctuating between positive and negative territories. In Japan, as exports and industrial production fell, business sentiment, especially in the manufacturing sector, deteriorated significantly. In the nation’s labor market, on the other hand, employment and wages continued to improve driven by labor shortages. Domestic demand and nonmanufacturing business conditions also remained solid. In bond markets, yields on 10-year Japanese government bonds (JGBs) ranged between negative 0.10% and positive 0.15%. In July 2018, the Bank of Japan announced a change to its monetary policy, deciding to reduce its purchases of JGBs and allow 10-year JGB yields, which had been fixed at 0%, to move upward and downward. Upon this announcement, 10-year JGB yields rose to nearly 0.15% at one point. From October 2018, however, U.S. interest rates started declining amid uncertainty over the outlook for the global economy, leading JGB yields to fall in tandem. Furthermore, in March 2019, when the U.S. Federal Open Market Committee indicated that it would pause policy rate increases until the end of the year, 10-year JGB yields declined to almost negative 0.1%. Sony is continuing to pursue growth in the Financial Services segment by focusing on differentiating itself through high-quality financial products and services.

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Information on Operations Separating Out the Financial Services Segment

The following schedules show unaudited condensed statements of income for the Financial Services segment and all other segments excluding Financial Services. These presentations are not in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which is used by Sony to prepare its consolidated financial statements. However, because the Financial Services segment is different in nature from Sony’s other segments, Sony believes that a comparative presentation may be useful in understanding and analyzing Sony’s consolidated financial statements. Transactions between the Financial Services segment and Sony without the Financial Services segment, including noncontrolling interests, are included in those respective presentations, then eliminated in the consolidated figures shown below.

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	Fiscal year ended March 31
Financial Services segment	2018			2019
	(Yen in millions)
Financial services revenue		1,228,377			1,282,539
Financial services expenses		1,049,305			1,120,276
Other operating expenses, net		64			104
		1,049,369			1,120,380
Equity in net loss of affiliated companies		(61	)		(682	)
Operating income		178,947			161,477
Other income (expenses), net		—			(73	)
Income before income taxes		178,947			161,404
Income taxes		51,825			44,763
Net income		127,122			116,641
Less — Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		201			235
Net income of Financial Services		126,921			116,406
	Fiscal year ended March 31
Sony without Financial Services segment	2018			2019
	(Yen in millions)
Net sales and operating revenue		7,329,755			7,396,401
Costs of sales		5,199,748			5,160,284
Selling, general and administrative		1,578,716			1,572,714
Other operating (income) expense, net		4,008			(71,672	)
		6,782,472			6,661,326
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies		8,630			(2,317	)
Operating income		555,913			732,758
Other income (expenses), net		(20,738	)		133,929
Income before income taxes		535,175			866,687
Income taxes		99,945			335
Net income		435,230			866,352
Less — Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		9,311			8,778
Net income of Sony without Financial Services		425,919			857,574
	Fiscal year ended March 31
Consolidated	2018			2019
	(Yen in millions)
Financial services revenue		1,221,235			1,274,708
Net sales and operating revenue		7,322,747			7,390,979
		8,543,982			8,665,687
Costs of sales		5,188,259			5,150,750
Selling, general and administrative		1,583,197			1,576,825
Financial services expenses		1,042,163			1,112,446
Other operating (income) expenses, net		4,072			(71,568	)
		7,817,691			7,768,453
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies		8,569			(2,999	)
Operating income		734,860			894,235
Other income (expenses), net		(35,811	)		117,413
Income before income taxes		699,049			1,011,648
Income taxes		151,770			45,098
Net income		547,279			966,550
Less — Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		56,485			50,279
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s Stockholders		490,794			916,271

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All Other

Sales for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 decreased 61.4 billion yen year-on-year to 345.7 billion yen. This significant decrease in sales was primarily due to a decrease in sales in the battery business.

Operating loss for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 decreased 12.4 billion yen year-on-year to 11.1 billion yen. This significant decrease was primarily due to a decrease in the loss from the battery business, partially offset by the above-mentioned 12.9 billion yen impairment charge against long-lived assets and goodwill in the storage media business.

Restructuring

In a highly competitive landscape, Sony has continued to make efforts to optimize the organization and improve the performance of its businesses, and has undertaken a number of restructuring initiatives including exiting businesses or product categories, reducing headcount, and streamlining its sales and administrative functions. For example, during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony implemented restructuring initiatives at manufacturing and other sites outside of Japan to improve the profitability of the smartphone business in the MC segment, accelerating its plan to cease production at its Beijing factory and exiting several regions such as the Middle East and Central and South America. These initiatives are expected to contribute to Sony’s plan to reduce operating expenses in the MC segment by approximately 50% compared with the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 in an effort to achieve profitability in the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021. Additionally, Sony implemented a number of restructuring initiatives in other segments, including a review of the channel portfolio within Media Networks in the Pictures segment, which was undertaken to streamline the business.

Sony believes the competitive environment will continue to be difficult, and therefore plans to be vigilant with respect to the scale of its businesses and to changes in the environment. Sony will continue to evaluate the cost and profit structure of its businesses and continue to take action to reduce cost where Sony believes appropriate.

The chart below shows the restructuring charges, which include non-cash charges related to depreciation associated with restructured assets, recorded in the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019. For further details, refer to Note 20 of the consolidated financial statements.

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2018		2019
	(Yen in millions)
Restructuring charges		22,405		33,091

Foreign Exchange Fluctuations and Risk Hedging

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, the average rates of the yen were 110.9 yen against the U.S. dollar and 128.5 yen against the euro, which were 0.1 yen lower and 1.2 yen higher, respectively, than the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. For the latest yen exchange rates per U.S. dollar, refer to “Selected Financial Data” in “Item 3. Key Information.”

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, consolidated sales increased 121.7 billion yen (1%) year-on-year to 8,665.7 billion yen. On a constant currency basis, sales increased approximately 2% year-on-year.

Consolidated operating income increased 159.4 billion yen year-on-year to 894.2 billion yen. The foreign exchange fluctuations had a negative impact on the consolidated operating results mainly in Electronics.

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The table below indicates the foreign exchange impact on sales and operating results in each of the Electronics segments. For further details, refer to “Operating Performance by Business Segment” which discusses the impact of foreign exchange rates within segments and categories where foreign exchange rate fluctuations had a significant impact.

		Fiscal year ended March 31						Impact of changes in foreign exchange rates
		2018			2019			2018 to 2019
		(Yen in billions)
G&NS	Sales		1,943.8			2,310.9			(9.4	)
	Operating income		177.5			311.1			(4.8	)
HE&S	Sales		1,222.7			1,155.4			(24.6	)
	Operating income		85.8			89.7			(21.6	)
IP&S	Sales		655.9			670.5			(3.7	)
	Operating income		74.9			84.0			(3.2	)
MC	Sales		723.7			498.0			(4.9	)
	Operating loss		(27.6	)		(97.1	)		+2.0
Semiconductors	Sales		850.0			879.3			+0.1
	Operating income		164.0			143.9			(0.5	)

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, sales for the Music segment were 807.5 billion yen, essentially flat year-on-year, while sales increased approximately 1% year-on-year on a constant currency basis. In the Pictures segment, sales decreased 2% year-on-year to 986.9 billion yen, while sales decreased approximately 3% on a U.S. dollar basis. For a detailed analysis of segment performance, refer to the Music and Pictures segments under “Operating Performance by Business Segment.” Sony’s Financial Services segment consolidates the yen-based results of SFH. As most of the operations in this segment are based in Japan, Sony management analyzes the performance of the Financial Services segment on a yen basis only.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony estimated that a one yen appreciation against the U.S. dollar would have decreased Electronics sales by approximately 21 billion yen, with an increase in operating income of approximately 3.5 billion yen. A one yen appreciation against the euro was estimated to decrease Electronics sales by approximately 9.5 billion yen, with a corresponding decrease in operating income of approximately 5.0 billion yen. For more details, refer to “Risk Factors” in “Item 3. Key Information.”

Sony’s consolidated results are subject to foreign currency rate fluctuations primarily due to different currency composition of revenue and costs. In the G&NS segment, a significant proportion of costs is incurred in U.S. dollars but sales are recorded in Japanese yen, U.S. dollars or euros. As a result, the yen appreciation against the U.S. dollar has a positive impact on operating income while the yen appreciation against the euro has a negative impact. In the HE&S segment, yen appreciation against emerging market currencies has a negative impact on operating income, but yen appreciation against the U.S. dollar has a positive impact on operating income due to a high proportion of manufacturing costs being incurred in U.S. dollars. In the IP&S segment, there is a relatively high proportion of costs in yen, while a large proportion of sales is in emerging markets; therefore, yen appreciation against the currencies of emerging markets, particularly the Chinese yuan, has a negative impact on operating income. In the MC segment, the proportion of sales in yen is relatively high, but a significant proportion of manufacturing and procurement costs is incurred in U.S. dollars. Therefore, yen appreciation against the U.S. dollar has a positive impact on operating income. In the Semiconductors segment, a significant proportion of sales contracts are denominated in U.S. dollars, but manufacturing operations are located in Japan, and, therefore, yen appreciation against the U.S. dollar has a significantly negative impact on operating income.

In order to reduce the risk caused by foreign exchange rate fluctuations, Sony employs derivatives, including foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign currency option contracts, in accordance with a consistent risk management strategy. Such derivatives are used primarily to mitigate the effect of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on cash flows generated or anticipated by Sony’s transactions and accounts receivable and payable denominated in foreign currencies.

Sony Global Treasury Services Plc (“SGTS”) in the U.K. provides integrated treasury services for Sony Corporation, its subsidiaries, and affiliated companies. Sony’s policy is that Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries with foreign exchange exposures should enter into commitments with SGTS to hedge their exposures. Sony Corporation and most of its subsidiaries utilize SGTS for this purpose. Sony’s policy of concentrating its foreign exchange exposures means that SGTS and Sony Corporation hedge most of the net foreign exchange exposure within the Sony group. Sony has a policy on the use of derivatives that, in principle,

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SGTS should centrally deal with and manage derivatives with financial institutions for risk management purposes. SGTS enters into foreign exchange transactions with creditworthy third-party financial institutions. Most of these transactions are entered into against projected exposures before the actual export and import transactions take place. In general, SGTS hedges the projected exposures for a period of one to three months before the actual transactions take place. Sony enters into foreign exchange transactions with financial institutions primarily for hedging purposes. Sony does not use these derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes except for certain derivatives in the Financial Services segment. In the Financial Services segment, Sony uses derivatives primarily for asset liability management.

To minimize the effects of foreign exchange fluctuations on its financial results, particularly in the Electronics segments, Sony seeks, when appropriate, to localize material and parts procurement, design and manufacturing operations in areas outside of Japan.

Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are initially recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. Foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign currency option contracts and other derivatives that do not qualify as hedges are marked-to-market with changes in value recognized in other income and expenses. The notional amount of all the foreign exchange derivative contracts as of March 31, 2018 and 2019 was 2,420.6 billion yen and 1,842.8 billion yen, respectively. The net fair value of all the foreign exchange derivative contracts as of March 31, 2018 and 2019 was an asset of 15.2 billion yen and a liability of 3.6 billion yen, respectively. Refer to Note 14 of the consolidated financial statements.

* Note: In this section, the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on sales is calculated by applying the change in the yen’s periodic weighted average exchange rates for the previous fiscal year from the current fiscal year to the major transactional currencies in which the sales are denominated. The impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on operating income (loss) is calculated by subtracting from the impact on sales the impact on cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses calculated by applying the same major transactional currencies calculation process to cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses as for the impact on sales. Additionally, the MC segment enters into its own foreign exchange hedging transactions. The impact of those transactions is included in the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on operating income (loss) for that segment. The descriptions of sales on a constant currency basis reflect sales obtained by applying the yen’s monthly average exchange rates from the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 to local currency-denominated monthly sales in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. For SME, Sony/ATV and EMI in the Music segment, and in the Pictures segment, the constant currency amounts are calculated by applying the monthly average U.S. dollar / yen exchange rates after aggregation on a U.S. dollar basis. This information is not a substitute for Sony’s consolidated financial statements measured in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, Sony believes that these disclosures provide additional useful analytical information to investors regarding the operating performance of Sony.

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Assets, Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

The following schedules show unaudited condensed balance sheets for the Financial Services segment and all other segments excluding Financial Services. These presentations are not in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which is used by Sony to prepare its consolidated financial statements. However, because the Financial Services segment is different in nature from Sony’s other segments, Sony believes that a comparative presentation may be useful in understanding and analyzing Sony’s consolidated financial statements. Transactions between the Financial Services segment and Sony without the Financial Services segment, including noncontrolling interests, are included in those respective presentations, then eliminated in the consolidated figures shown below.

	Financial Services				Sony without Financial Services				Consolidated
	March 31 2018		March 31 2019		March 31 2018		March 31 2019		March 31 2018		March 31 2019
	(Yen in millions)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents (*1)		393,133		509,595		1,193,196		960,478		1,586,329		1,470,073
Marketable securities		1,176,601		1,324,538		—		—		1,176,601		1,324,538
Notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets		15,612		16,479		1,003,558		1,055,669		1,012,779		1,065,802
Inventories		—		—		692,937		653,278		692,937		653,278
Other receivables		60,819		63,921		130,393		159,758		190,706		223,620
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		137,539		133,214		379,893		376,778		516,744		509,301
Total current assets		1,783,704		2,047,747		3,399,977		3,205,961		5,176,096		5,246,612
Film costs		—		—		327,645		409,005		327,645		409,005
Investments and advances (*2)		10,560,933		11,400,938		272,545		399,696		10,756,058		11,724,651
Investments in Financial Services, at cost		—		—		133,514		153,968		—		—
Property, plant and equipment		22,424		22,920		715,760		752,847		739,470		777,053
Other assets:
Intangibles, net (*3)		34,622		42,968		492,546		874,998		527,168		917,966
Goodwill (*3)		7,225		7,225		523,267		761,327		530,492		768,552
Deferred insurance acquisition costs		586,670		595,265		—		—		586,670		595,265
Deferred income taxes		1,684		3,533		95,088		198,953		96,772		202,486
Other		33,267		32,085		295,650		311,653		325,167		339,996
Total other assets		663,468		681,076		1,406,551		2,146,931		2,066,269		2,824,265
Total assets		13,030,529		14,152,681		6,255,992		7,068,408		19,065,538		20,981,586
Liabilities and Equity
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings		433,119		564,609		288,496		226,470		721,615		791,079
Notes and accounts payable, trade		—		—		468,550		492,124		468,550		492,124
Accounts payable, other and accrued expenses		37,479		40,228		1,477,875		1,653,895		1,514,433		1,693,048
Accrued income and other taxes		19,401		19,655		126,504		115,571		145,905		135,226
Deposits from customers in the banking business		2,159,246		2,302,314		—		—		2,159,246		2,302,314
Other		181,467		197,123		435,996		474,926		610,792		666,024
Total current liabilities		2,830,712		3,123,929		2,797,421		2,962,986		5,620,541		6,079,815
Long-term debt		205,373		235,761		421,817		336,349		623,451		568,372
Accrued pension and severance costs		33,062		33,979		361,442		350,253		394,504		384,232
Deferred income taxes		342,405		355,356		107,458		176,065		449,863		531,421
Future insurance policy benefits and other (*4)		5,221,772		5,642,671		—		—		5,221,772		5,642,671
Policyholders’ account in the insurance business		2,820,702		3,048,202		—		—		2,820,702		3,048,202
Other		17,778		15,488		284,270		288,164		278,338		281,382
Total liabilities		11,471,804		12,455,386		3,972,408		4,113,817		15,409,171		16,536,095
Redeemable noncontrolling interest		—		—		9,210		8,801		9,210		8,801
Equity:
Stockholders’ equity of Financial Services		1,557,062		1,695,563		—		—		—		—
Stockholders’ equity of Sony without Financial Services		—		—		2,173,128		2,850,380		—		—
Sony Corporation’s stockholders’ equity		—		—		—		—		2,967,366		3,746,377
Noncontrolling interests		1,663		1,732		101,246		95,410		679,791		690,313
Total Equity		1,558,725		1,697,295		2,274,374		2,945,790		3,647,157		4,436,690
Total liabilities and equity		13,030,529		14,152,681		6,255,992		7,068,408		19,065,538		20,981,586

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*1 Refer to Cash Flow section below for details regarding the year-on-year decrease in cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2019 in all segments excluding Financial Services segment.

*2 Investments and advances as of March 31, 2019 in the Financial Services segment increased year-on-year due to increases in investments and advances mainly at Sony Life.

*3 Intangibles, net and goodwill as of March 31, 2019 in all segments excluding Financial Services segment increased due to the impact of the consolidation of EMI.

*4 Future insurance policy benefits and other as of March 31, 2019 in the Financial Services segment increased year-on-year due to an increase in future insurance policy benefits mainly at Sony Life.

Investments

The following table contains available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities, including the breakdown of unrealized gains and losses by investment category.

	March 31, 2019
	Cost		Unrealized gain		Unrealized loss			Fair market value
	(Yen in millions)
Financial Services Business:
Available-for-sale
Sony Life		1,626,891		244,714		(778	)		1,870,827
Sony Bank		694,315		5,468		(449	)		699,334
Other		76,199		71		(29	)		76,241
Held-to-maturity
Sony Life		6,761,953		2,058,480		(19,586	)		8,800,847
Sony Bank		—		—		—			—
Other		80,119		21,662		(1	)		101,780
Total Financial Services		9,239,477		2,330,395		(20,843	)		11,549,029
Non-Financial Services:
Available-for-sale securities		1,234		—		—			1,234
Held-to-maturity securities		—		—		—			—
Total Non-Financial Services		1,234		—		—			1,234
Consolidated		9,240,711		2,330,395		(20,843	)		11,550,263

As of March 31, 2019, Sony Life had debt securities with gross unrealized losses of 20.4 billion yen. Of the unrealized loss, 100.0% related to securities in an unrealized loss position for periods greater than 12 months as of March 31, 2019. Sony Life principally invests in Japanese and foreign government and corporate bonds. Almost all of the debt securities in which Sony Life invested were rated higher than or equal to “BBB” or its equivalent by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”), Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) or other rating agencies.

As of March 31, 2019, Sony Bank had debt securities with gross unrealized losses of 0.4 billion yen. Of the unrealized loss, 67.5% related to securities in an unrealized loss position for periods greater than 12 months as of March 31, 2019. Sony Bank principally invests in Japanese government bonds, Japanese corporate bonds, and foreign bonds. Almost all of these securities were rated higher than or equal to “BBB” or its equivalent by S&P, Moody’s or other rating agencies.

These unrealized losses related to numerous investments, with no single investment being in a material unrealized loss position for greater than 12 months. In addition, there was no individual security with unrealized losses that met the test for impairment as the decline in values were small both in amount and percentage, and the decline in values for those investments were still determined to be temporary in nature.

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For fixed maturity securities with unrecognized losses held by Sony Life as of March 31, 2019 (20.4 billion yen), maturity dates vary as follows:

• Within 1 year:	—
• 1 to 5 years:	—
• 5 to 10 years:	—
• above 10 years:	100.0	%

For fixed maturity securities with unrecognized losses held by Sony Bank as of March 31, 2019 (0.4 billion yen), maturity dates vary as follows:

• Within 1 year:	25.9	%
• 1 to 5 years:	71.7	%
• 5 to 10 years:	2.4	%
• above 10 years:	—

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, Sony Life recorded net realized gains on available-for-sale securities of 0 billion yen. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony Life recorded no net realized gains on available-for-sale securities.

In the ordinary course of business, Sony maintains long-term investment securities, included in securities investments and other, issued by various non-public companies. The aggregate carrying amount of the investments in non-public companies as of March 31, 2019 was 25.7 billion yen. A non-public equity investment is measured at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment in the same issuer.

For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, total realized impairment losses were 5.2 billion yen and 4.3 billion yen, respectively, of which 0.2 billion yen and 0.02 billion yen, respectively, were recorded in financial services revenue by the subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment. Realized impairment losses recorded other than by subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment in each of the three fiscal years were reflected in non-operating expenses and primarily relate to certain strategic investments in non-Financial Services businesses. These investments primarily relate to certain strategic investments in Japan and the U.S. with which Sony has strategic relationships for the purposes of developing and marketing new technologies. Impairment losses were recorded for each of the three fiscal years as certain companies failed to successfully develop and market such technology, resulting in the operating performance of these companies being more unfavorable than previously expected. As a result, the decline in the fair value of these companies was judged as other-than-temporary. None of these impairment losses were individually material to Sony.

Upon determination that the value of an investment is impaired, the value of the investment is written down to its fair value. For an investment where the quoted price is available in an active market, fair value is determined based on unadjusted quoted prices as of the date on which the impairment determination is made. For investments where the quoted price is not available in an active market, fair value is usually determined based on quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or measured through the use of various methodologies such as pricing models, discounted cash flow techniques, or similar techniques that require significant management judgment or estimation of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the investments. The impairment losses that were recorded in each of the three fiscal years related to the unique facts and circumstances of each individual investment and did not significantly impact other investments.

Sony Life and Sony Bank’s investments constitute the majority of the investments in the Financial Services segment. As of March 31, 2019, Sony Life and Sony Bank account for approximately 92% and 6% of the investments in the Financial Services segment, respectively.

Cash Flows

Operating Activities: During the current fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, there was a net cash inflow of 1,258.7 billion yen from operating activities, an increase of 4.8 billion yen year-on-year.

For all segments excluding the Financial Services segment, there was a net cash inflow of 753.4 billion yen, a decrease of 17.2 billion yen year-on-year. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in accrued expenses in other current liabilities, partially offset by an increase in net income after taking into account non-cash adjustments (including depreciation and amortization, gain on sales of securities investments and other operating income (expense)).

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The Financial Services segment had a net cash inflow of 521.7 billion yen, an increase of 23.1 billion yen year-on-year. This increase was primarily due to an increase in insurance premium revenue at Sony Life.

Investing Activities: During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony used 1,307.4 billion yen of net cash in investing activities, an increase of 484.4 billion yen year-on-year.

For all segments excluding the Financial Services segment, there was a net cash outflow of 520.4 billion yen, an increase of 356.4 billion yen year-on-year. This increase was mainly due to a payment for the purchase of the approximately 60% equity interest of EMI and an increase in payments for fixed asset purchases including semiconductor manufacturing equipment, partially offset by cash inflow from the sale of certain shares of Spotify.

The Financial Services segment used 787.1 billion yen of net cash in investing activities, an increase of 127.8 billion yen year-on-year. This increase was mainly due to a year-on-year increase in payments for investments and advances at Sony Life and Sony Bank Inc. (“Sony Bank”).

Financing Activities: Net cash outflow from financing activities during the current fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, was 122.9 billion yen, compared to a net cash inflow of 246.5 billion yen in the previous fiscal year.

For all segments excluding the Financial Services segment, there was a 521.1 billion yen net cash outflow, an increase of 467.0 billion yen year-on-year. This increase was mainly due to the redemption of straight bonds as well as the repayment of long-term debt, partial payment of debt assumed in connection with the consolidation of EMI and a payment for the acquisition of the 25.1% equity interest in Nile Acquisition LLC in the current fiscal year. Additionally, there was a payment related to the repurchase of shares of Sony’s own common stock (19,309,100 shares repurchased for a total purchase price of 100 billion yen) which was approved at the meeting of its Board of Directors held on February 8, 2019.

In the Financial Services segment, there was a 381.9 billion yen net cash inflow, an increase of 96.4 billion yen year-on-year. This increase was primarily due to an increase in short-term borrowings at Sony Life and a larger increase in deposits from customers at Sony Bank.

Total Cash and Cash Equivalents: Accounting for the above factors and the effect of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, the total outstanding balance of cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2019 was 1,470.1 billion yen. Cash and cash equivalents of all segments excluding the Financial Services segment was 960.5 billion yen as of March 31, 2019, a decrease of 232.7 billion yen compared with the balance as of March 31, 2018. Within the Financial Services segment, the outstanding balance of cash and cash equivalents was 509.6 billion yen as of March 31, 2019, an increase of 116.5 billion yen compared with the balance as of March 31, 2018.

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Information on Cash Flows Separating Out the Financial Services Segment

The following schedules show unaudited condensed statements of cash flows for the Financial Services segment and all other segments excluding Financial Services. These presentations are not in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which is used by Sony to prepare its consolidated financial statements. However, because the Financial Services segment is different in nature from Sony’s other segments, Sony believes that a comparative presentation may be useful in understanding and analyzing Sony’s consolidated financial statements. Transactions between the Financial Services segment and Sony without the Financial Services segment, including noncontrolling interests, are included in those respective presentations, then eliminated in the consolidated figures shown below.

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	Financial Services						Sony without Financial Services						Consolidated
	2018			2019			2018			2019			2018			2019
	(Yen in millions)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)		127,122			116,641			435,230			866,352			547,279			966,550
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization, including amortization of deferred insurance acquisition costs and contract costs		79,843			91,179			281,601			282,847			361,444			374,026
Amortization of film costs		—			—			359,274			348,493			359,274			348,493
Other operating (income) expense, net		64			104			4,008			(71,672	)		4,072			(71,568	)
(Gain) loss on marketable securities and securities investments, net		(47,119	)		(66,383	)		3,438			(118,630	)		(43,681	)		(185,013	)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in notes, accounts receivable, trade and contract assets		(3,880	)		(867	)		(77,793	)		2,056			(80,004	)		1,144
(Increase) decrease in inventories		—			—			(51,508	)		30,455			(51,508	)		30,455
(Increase) decrease in film costs		—			—			(362,496	)		(410,994	)		(362,496	)		(410,994	)
Increase (decrease) in notes and accounts payable, trade		—			—			(87,939	)		18,534			(87,939	)		18,534
Increase (decrease) in future insurance policy benefits and other		495,419			544,179			—			—			495,419			544,179
(Increase) decrease in deferred insurance acquisition costs		(86,779	)		(88,807	)		—			—			(86,779	)		(88,807	)
(Increase) decrease in marketable securities held in the life insurance business		(89,797	)		(64,034	)		—			—			(89,797	)		(64,034	)
Other		23,714			(10,334	)		266,834			(194,002	)		288,687			(204,227	)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		498,587			521,678			770,649			753,439			1,253,971			1,258,738
Cash flows from investing activities:
Payments for purchases of fixed assets		(13,386	)		(18,610	)		(249,770	)		(294,044	)		(262,989	)		(312,644	)
Payments for investments and advances		(963,210	)		(1,078,250	)		(13,801	)		(53,525	)		(977,011	)		(1.131,775	)
Proceeds from sales or return of investments and collections of advances		317,159			309,498			6,596			84,909			323,755			394,407
Other		162			287			93,017			(257,719	)		93,177			(257,433	)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(659,275	)		(787,075	)		(163,958	)		(520,379	)		(823,068	)		(1,307,445	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Increase (decrease) in borrowings, net		140,055			160,902			(24,379	)		(325,247	)		115,676			(164,341	)
Increase (decrease) in deposits from customers, net		169,479			246,945			—			—			169,479			246,945
Dividends paid		(23,921	)		(26,100	)		(28,490	)		(38,067	)		(28,490	)		(38,067	)
Other		(174	)		112			(1,214	)		(157,799	)		(10,209	)		(167,421	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		285,439			381,859			(54,083	)		(521,113	)		246,456			(122,884	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		—			—			(53,044	)		52,465			(53,044	)		52,465
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, including restricted		124,751			116,462			499,564			(235,588	)		624,315			(119,126	)
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted, at beginning of the fiscal year		268,382			393,133			700,242			1,199,806			968,624			1,592,939
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted, at end of the fiscal year		393,133			509,595			1,199,806			964,218			1,592,939			1,473,813
Less — restricted cash and cash equivalents, included in other current assets and other assets		—			—			6,610			3,740			6,610			3,740
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the fiscal year		393,133			509,595			1,193,196			960,478			1,586,329			1,470,073

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B. Liquidity and Capital Resources

The description below covers basic financial policy and figures for Sony’s consolidated operations except for the Financial Services segment and So-net Media Networks Corporation, which secure liquidity on their own. Furthermore, the Financial Services segment is described separately at the end of this section.

Liquidity Management and Market Access

An important financial objective of Sony is to maintain the strength of its balance sheet, while securing adequate liquidity for business activities. Sony defines its liquidity sources as the amount of cash and cash equivalents (“cash balance”) (excluding restrictions on capital transfers mainly due to national regulations) and the unused amount of committed lines of credit.

Funding requirements that arise from maintaining liquidity are principally covered by cash flow from operating and investing activities (including asset sales) and by the available cash balance; however, Sony also raises funds as needed from financial and capital markets through means such as corporate bonds, commercial paper (“CP”) and bank loans.

Sony Corporation, SGTS and Sony Capital Corporation (“SCC”), a finance subsidiary in the U.S., maintain CP programs with access to the Japanese, U.S. and European CP markets. The borrowing limits under these CP programs, translated into yen, were 1,055.0 billion yen in total for Sony Corporation, SGTS and SCC as of March 31, 2019. Sony issued CP in the U.S. during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The largest month-end outstanding balance of the CP programs during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 was approximately 19.0 billion yen in November 2018, and there were no amounts outstanding under the CP programs as of March 31, 2019.

If disruption and volatility occur in financial and capital markets and Sony becomes unable to raise sufficient funds from these sources, Sony may also draw down funds from contractually committed lines of credit from various financial institutions. Sony has a total, translated into yen, of 552.0 billion yen in unused committed lines of credit, as of March 31, 2019. Details of those committed lines of credit are: a 275.0 billion yen committed line of credit contracted with a syndicate of Japanese banks, a 1.7 billion U.S. dollar multi-currency committed line of credit also contracted with a syndicate of Japanese banks and a 525 million U.S. dollar multi-currency committed line of credit contracted with a syndicate of foreign banks. Sony currently believes that it can sustain sufficient liquidity through access to committed lines of credit with financial institutions, together with its available cash balance, even in the event that financial and capital markets become illiquid.

In the event of a downgrade in Sony’s credit ratings, there are no financial covenants in any of Sony’s material financial agreements with financial institutions that would cause an acceleration of the obligation. Even though the cost of borrowing for some committed lines of credit could change according to Sony’s credit ratings, there are no financial covenants that would cause any impairment on the ability to draw down on unused facilities.

Ratings

Sony considers one of management’s top priorities to be the maintenance of stable and appropriate credit ratings in order to ensure financial flexibility for liquidity and capital management and continued adequate access to sufficient funding resources in the financial and capital markets.

In order to facilitate access to global capital markets, Sony obtains credit ratings from two rating agencies, Moody’s and S&P. In order to facilitate access to Japanese financial and capital markets, Sony obtains credit ratings from two agencies in Japan, Rating and Investment Information, Inc. and Japan Credit Rating Agency, Ltd.

Sony currently believes that it has access to sufficient funding resources in the financial and capital markets. For information regarding a possible further rating downgrade, refer to “Risk Factors” in “Item 3. Key Information.”

Cash Management

Sony manages its global cash management activities primarily through SCC in the U.S. and through SGTS in other regions. The excess or shortage of cash at most of Sony’s subsidiaries is invested or funded by SGTS and SCC on a net basis, although Sony recognizes that fund transfers are limited in certain countries and geographic

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areas due to restrictions on capital transactions. In order to pursue more efficient cash management, cash surpluses among Sony’s subsidiaries are deposited with SGTS and SCC, and cash shortfalls among subsidiaries are covered by loans through SGTS and SCC, so that Sony can make use of excess cash balances and reduce third-party borrowings. Where local restrictions prevent an efficient intercompany transfer of funds, Sony’s intent is that cash balances remain outside of SGTS and SCC and that Sony meet its liquidity needs through ongoing cash flows, external borrowings, or both. Sony does not expect restrictions of capital transactions on amounts held outside of Japan to have a material effect on Sony’s overall liquidity, financial condition or results of operations.

Financial Services segment

The management of SFH, Sony Life, Sony Assurance and Sony Bank recognizes the importance of securing sufficient liquidity to cover the payment of obligations that these companies incur in the ordinary course of business. Sony Life, Sony Assurance and Sony Bank maintain a sufficient cash balance and secure sufficient means to meet their obligations while abiding by laws and regulations such as the Insurance Business Act or the Banking Act of Japan, and restrictions imposed by the Financial Services Agency and other regulatory authorities as well as establishing and operating under company guidelines that comply with these regulations. Sony Life and Sony Assurance establish a sufficient level of liquidity for the smooth payment of insurance claims when they invest primarily in various securities cash inflows which are mainly from policyholders’ insurance premiums. Sony Bank maintains a necessary level of liquidity for the smooth settlement of transactions when it uses its cash inflows, which come mainly from customers’ deposits in local currency, in order to offer mortgage loans to individuals, and the remaining cash inflows are invested mainly in marketable securities. Cash inflows from customers’ deposits in foreign currencies are invested mainly in investment instruments of the same currency.

In addition, Sony’s subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment are subject to the Japanese Insurance Business Act and Banking Act, which require insurance and business companies to maintain their financial credibility and to secure protection for policyholders and depositors in view of the public nature of insurance and banking services. As such, lending and borrowing between subsidiaries in the Financial Service segment and the other companies within Sony Group is strictly limited. Sony’s subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment are managed separately from Sony’s cash management activities through SGTS as mentioned above.

C. Research and Development

As a creative entertainment company with a solid foundation of technology, Sony plans to promote R&D based on its mission to fill the world with emotion through the power of technology, and to deliver the value of Real-Time (time value) and Reality (spatial value) to its customers in order to achieve its corporate direction of “getting closer to people.”

Through Corporate R&D (Sony’s research and development organization), Sony plans to realize contributions to the entire Sony Group, set the direction for robust technological development over the mid-to-long-term, and enhance open innovation. With a focus on R&D for the mid-to-long term, Sony is promoting initiatives in fields such as sensing, agent processing and expression that contribute to differentiation in key areas, as well as expanding development of technology for the entertainment and financial service businesses. From the standpoint of Sustainable Development Goals (“SDGs”) and Environment, Social and Governance (“ESG”), Sony is also considering how to deliver safety and security, and how to solve problems surrounding resources and the environment, through technological contributions.

Sony has engaged in the separation of business units into distinct subsidiaries across the Sony Group in order to reinforce the competitiveness of each business and ensure clearly attributable accountability and responsibility. Concurrently, Sony has also realigned the Sony Group headquarters functions and platform functions that support each of its business units. Through Corporate R&D efforts, Sony promotes coordination with R&D centers both in Japan and at several overseas sites. Sony plans to enhance the speed and effectiveness of development by utilizing the different characteristics and strengths of each area as well as by promoting collaboration with universities and other research institutions. Additionally, for projects that involve joint development with customers, Sony plans to create cross-sectional teams with members from various organizations, promoting R&D activities by making flexible and efficient collection of knowledge possible.

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R&D costs for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 increased by 22.7 billion yen to 481.2 billion yen. The ratio of R&D costs to total revenue excluding Financial Services was 6.5% compared to 6.3% in the previous fiscal year.

The following table includes R&D costs in the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019.

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2018		2019
	(Yen in billions)
R&D costs
Game & Network Services		106.2		116.3
Home Entertainment & Sound		58.0		60.9
Imaging Products & Solutions		58.6		57.4
Mobile Communications		55.4		44.5
Semiconductors		107.2		124.2
Corporate R&D		44.9		45.9
Total		458.5		481.2

Consolidated R&D costs for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020 are expected to increase to 500 billion yen, mainly due to increases in R&D costs for the Semiconductors and G&NS segments.

D. Trend Information

This section contains forward-looking statements about the possible future performance of Sony and should be read in light of the cautionary statement on that subject, which appears on the inside front cover page and applies to this entire document.

Issues Facing Sony and Management’s Response to those Issues

Although the global economy as a whole has continued to grow, supported by government expenditure and the impact of tax reductions in the U.S., market conditions became uncertain in the second half of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 due to the impact of trade friction between the U.S. and China. In Japan, the first half of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 was marked by downward pressure resulting from successive natural disasters, but due to largely favorable recovery efforts the underlying strength of the economy is steadily improving. However, depending on future developments of currently uncertain risk factors including the Chinese economy, ongoing U.S.-China trade friction and the withdrawal of Britain from the European Union, the global economy could be moving toward a slowdown period.

The uncertain economic environment surrounding Sony is compounded by continued, intense pricing pressure from competitors, shrinking markets for certain key products, and shorter product cycles, primarily in Sony’s Electronics businesses.

On May 22, 2018, Sony unveiled a mid-term strategy (“third mid-range plan”) that charted the path forward for Sony over the next three years, starting with the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 and finishing with the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021. Through the corporate direction of “getting closer to people,” Sony aims to sustainably generate societal value and high profitability as discussed in detail below.

In addition to strengthening each of its individual businesses, Sony will pursue further synergy across them through collaboration between its content IP and Direct to Consumer (“DTC”) services, as well as technology, in order to continue its evolution as a “creative entertainment company with a solid foundation of technology.”

Overall Corporate Strategy

• Reinforce Sony’s user-oriented DTC services and its creator-oriented content IP, and create “Communities of Interest” that bring together people who share similar emotional values and experiences.

• Position Branded Hardware (the branded electronics business), which allows Sony to connect users and creators through its innovative video and audio technologies, as a sustainable and consistent cash flow generating business.

• In the area of CMOS image sensors that capture the real world in which we all live and are vital to the creation of emotionally-moving content, aim to maintain Sony’s global number one position in imaging applications, and become the global leader in sensing.

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Accomplishments in the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2019

• Reinforcement of DTC services

• Achieved growth of the PlayStation^™Network (“PSN”), which drove the G&NS segment to achieve the highest results in both sales and profit ever recorded by a single segment of Sony.

• Reinforcement of Content IP

• Fully consolidated EMI, making Sony the largest music publishing company in the world.

• Created numerous hit titles and works utilizing IP in the G&NS, Music, and Pictures segments.

• Branded Hardware Business

• Continued to develop products that connect creators and users.

• Generated net cash inflow at a level second only to the G&NS segment.

• CMOS Image Sensors

• In imaging, delivered a stable supply of high value-added products to a smartphones market that is evolving not only toward higher resolution, but also toward multiple sensors per camera and larger sized sensors; at the same time, maintained its number one market share position in CMOS image sensors on a revenue basis.

• Achieved steady development in the automotive and sensing areas of the business.

Initiatives of Sony Group and each Business Segment

All of Sony’s businesses (content IP entertainment businesses including Games, Music, Pictures and Animation; Electronics businesses; and DTC services businesses including PSN and Financial Services) are underpinned by technology. Key points of initiatives for each business segment, as well as collaborations between our content IP and DTC services and synergies between our businesses based on technologies, are as follows:

<Game & Network Services>

• The two keywords for the future direction of PlayStation^® are “immersive” and “seamless.”

• Next-generation console: “Immersive” experience created by dramatically increased graphics rendering speeds, achieved through the employment of further improved computational power and a customized ultra-fast, broadband SSD.

• PlayStation streaming: Through the evolution of “Remote Play” and “PlayStation^™Now,” provide a seamless game experience anytime, anywhere.

• Remote Play: Turns PlayStation^®4 (PS4^™), which is expected to reach 100 million units in cumulative sales this calendar year, into a streaming game server, providing streaming content at the closest point to users.

• PlayStation Now: Provides immersive game experiences to users regardless of whether they own a PS4 console at all.

• Sony will pursue its mission to make PlayStation “The Best Place to Play” by leveraging the latest computing, streaming, cloud and 5G technologies, together with excellent content.

<Music and Pictures>

• Sony’s basic strategy for its Music and Pictures businesses is the reinforcement of content IP. To maximize the business opportunities from the continuing growth of the subscription streaming market, Sony will seek to reinforce the quality and quantity of its content IP catalog, while also discovering and nurturing new artists to generate new IP.

• Music: Growth of stable profit due to high market share and recurring license business model.

• Pictures: Aim to establish a strong competitive position by leveraging the following aspects of the business: Advantages of being one of the few independent studios, large content IP library that can be revitalized, and IP synergy with other Sony Group companies.

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<Branded Hardware>

• Sony defines the three electronics businesses that bear the Sony brand — HE&S, IP&S and MC — collectively as Branded Hardware, which it positions as a sustainable and consistent cash flow generating business that enables continued investment in Sony Group’s growth. In this area, Sony will continue its policy of targeting profitability and the premium market rather than unnecessarily pursuing volume.

• Sony will realign its business segments from the first quarter of the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020 to reflect a change in the Corporate Executive Officers in charge of certain segments and modifications to the organizational structure of certain segments as of April 1, 2019. In connection with this decision, the former HE&S, IP&S and MC segments will be realigned as the Electronics Products & Solutions segment. Sony will promote the following initiatives in accordance with this realignment.

• Sony aims to: (1) optimize its business structure and enhance efficiency; (2) strengthen existing businesses, including Mobile, through facilitating and revitalizing the movement of human capital across its businesses; and (3) nurture new businesses that leverage its technology.

• Sony will create products that connect creators and users, and continue to evolve as their most trusted and loved brand.

<Semiconductors>

• Sony expects to leverage the superior technology it has developed in this business to maintain its industry-leading position going forward.

• Although the smartphones market has matured, demand for sensors continues to grow due to the adoption of multiple sensors and larger-sized sensors in smartphones. Demand for Time-of-Flight sensors in smartphones is also expected to increase.

• Although investment in greater production capacity over the next few years is necessary, it is unlikely that this CMOS image sensor production capacity will become obsolete, which should result in high return on investment in the long term.

• Initiatives in long-term growth prospects such as automotive sensors and Edge AI:

• Expanding the business through such fields as distance measurement and automotive; Sony’s automotive sensors are receiving positive external feedback.

• Making stacked CMOS image sensors more intelligent by embedding AI functionality to the logic layer.

<Financial Services>

• The Financial Services segment, which continues to generate a high level of revenue and provide a stable source of profit for the Sony Group, is a business with direct and very close ties to customers. Through FinTech (financial services that utilize information technology), Sony will aim to position itself even closer to customers.

Long-term Vision and Social Value

• As a member of society and an inhabitant of the earth, Sony will continue to work to enhance its economic value while, at the same time, contributing to the environment and to society by creating social value through the business activities of the entire Sony Group.

• With its mission of KANDO — to move people emotionally — Sony will aim to create social value by giving people a sense of enrichment through the creation of a Community of Interest.

• At the same time, based on the recognition that Sony’s business only exists because of its natural environment and society, Sony will continue to promote environmental and human rights initiatives, from a long-term perspective, across all levels of its supply chain.

• Furthermore, based on its desire to contribute to safety in the self-driving car era, Sony will work to further develop its imaging and sensing technologies.

• Sony also intends to make a broader contribution to education by nurturing creators, providing educational tools that enable children to learn about programming, and incubating businesses.

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Third Mid-Range Plan — Financial Targets

• In order to transition management of Sony’s operations to a more long-term perspective, key performance indicators are being set as a cumulative total over a three-year period.

• From the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 to the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021, cash flows from operating activities will be the most important performance metric, and Sony will target total cash flows from operating activities for all segments excluding the Financial Services segment of 2.2 trillion yen or more for this three-year period.

• In terms of allocation of cash generated, Sony plans to spend approximately 1.1 to 1.2 trillion yen on capital expenditure, as a result of greater investment in CMOS image sensors. The priority for the remaining 1 to 1.1 trillion yen will be strategic investment, while also making an appropriate allocation to shareholder returns, in order to further enhance Sony’s corporate value. In terms of shareholder returns, Sony intends to increase dividends in a stable and long-term manner.

• As part of its strategy for strategic investment, in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony used 392.8 billion yen of capital to fully consolidate EMI, including the assumption of EMI’s interest-bearing debt.

• As part of its emphasis on growth in earnings per share (EPS) in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony completed a 100 billion yen repurchase of its own shares, and set parameters for the repurchase of a maximum of 200 billion yen of Sony shares in the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020. Sony plans to engage in share repurchases in a flexible manner after taking into account the balance between strategic investment opportunities and its financial situation and stock price.

• Sony will seek to maintain a Return on Equity (ROE) level of 10% or more. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony achieved a ROE of 27.3%, resulting in maintaining the financial target of ROE of 10% or more.

Group Environmental Mid-Term Targets “Green Management 2020”

Sony announced in June 2015 the establishment of its “Green Management 2020” group environmental mid-term targets, effective from fiscal 2016 (the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017) through fiscal 2020 (the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021). Based on the following three pillars, Sony has been implementing various initiatives to reduce the Sony Group’s environmental footprint:

• Formulate targets and implement initiatives that leverage the distinctive characteristics of Sony’s businesses, from Electronics to entertainment. Among these, reduce annual energy consumption by an average of 30% (compared to levels at the fiscal year ended March 31, 2014) in its Electronics products, and in entertainment, continue to look to use its content to raise awareness of sustainability issues and inspire environmentally conscious actions;

• Enhance efforts to reduce Sony’s environmental footprint across its entire value chain, including manufacturing partners and suppliers, by calling on them to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and water consumption; and

• Accelerate the use of renewable energy.

Sony’s long-term vision is to achieve a “zero environmental footprint” throughout all stages of its product lifecycles and business activities by 2050. The “Green Management 2020” mid-term plan has been backcasted (calculated backwards) in order to determine the necessary intermediate steps that need to be taken by fiscal 2020 on the way to this long-term goal. With “Green Management 2020,” Sony plans to further accelerate its various initiatives directed towards its ultimate goal of a “zero environmental footprint.” As part of this measure Sony has joined RE100, an initiative operated by the international non-government organization (NGO) The Climate Group, in partnership with CDP. In so doing, Sony will aim to use 100% renewable electricity for all of its business sites by 2040.

Sony also plans to continue to participate in the WWF’s Climate Savers Programme, which aims to achieve reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Climate change targets are verified by WWF and a third-party verification body for their degrees of difficulty and progress.

Further details of the group environmental mid-term targets “Green Management 2020” and actual measures undertaken by Sony are reported in Sony’s Sustainability report available on the following website: https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/csr_report/.

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E. Off-balance Sheet Arrangements

Sony has certain off-balance sheet arrangements that provide liquidity, capital resources and/or credit risk support.

Refer to Note 6 of the consolidated financial statements for transfers of financial asset transactions in which Sony has relinquished control of receivables and accounted for these transfers as sales, and Note 24 of the consolidated financial statements for various arrangements with variable interest entities, including those where Sony is not the primary beneficiary and therefore does not consolidate the entity.

F. Contractual Obligations, Commitments, and Contingent Liabilities

The following table summarizes Sony’s contractual obligations and commitments as of March 31, 2019. The references to the notes below refer to the corresponding notes within the consolidated financial statements.

	Total		Less than 1 year		1 to 3 years		3 to 5 years		More than 5 years
	(Yen in millions)
Contractual obligations and commitments:
Short-term debt (Note 11)		618,618		618,618		—		—		—
Long-term debt (Notes 8 and 11)
Capital lease obligations and other		72,991		37,379		17,006		7,993		10,613
Other long-term debt		667,842		135,082		210,464		238,096		84,200
Interest on other long-term debt		18,776		4,524		6,877		6,248		1,127
Minimum rental payments required under operating leases (Note 8)		268,464		58,901		83,549		47,507		78,507
Purchase commitments (Note 28)
Expected cost for the production or purchase of motion pictures and television programming or certain rights		94,871		53,073		33,775		7,162		861
Contracts with recording artists, songwriters and companies		112,578		42,862		32,865		13,006		23,845
Sponsorship contracts related to advertising and promotional rights		10,132		4,767		5,365		—		—
Contracts for programming contents		11,027		10,472		555		—		—
Purchase commitments for fixed assets, materials, and other		364,730		233,243		65,532		46,568		19,387
Future insurance policy benefits and other and policyholders’ account in the life insurance business* (Note 10)		25,014,491		524,091		1,161,523		1,250,964		22,077,913
Gross unrecognized tax benefits** (Note 22)		50,577		—		—		—		—
Total		27,305,097		1,723,012		1,617,511		1,617,544		22,296,453

* Future insurance policy benefits and other and policyholders’ account in the life insurance business are the estimated future cash payments to be made to policyholders and others. These cash payments are based upon assumptions including morbidity, mortality, withdrawals and other factors. The sum of the cash payments shown for all years in the table of 25,014.5 billion yen exceeds the corresponding liability amount of 8,632.5 billion yen included in the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2019. Refer to Note 10 of the consolidated financial statements.

** The total amount represents the liability for gross unrecognized tax benefits in accordance with the accounting guidance for uncertain tax positions. The settlement period for the liability, which totaled 50.6 billion yen, cannot be reasonably estimated due to the uncertainty associated with the timing of the settlements with the various taxing authorities. Refer to Note 22 of the consolidated financial statements.

The following items are not included in either the above table or the total amount of commitments outstanding as of March 31, 2019:

• The total amount of expected future pension payments is not included as such amount is not currently determinable. Sony expects to contribute approximately 10 billion yen to Japanese pension plans and approximately 8 billion yen to foreign pension plans during the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020. Refer to Note 15 of the consolidated financial statements.

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• The total unused portion of the line of credit extended under loan agreements in the Financial Services segment is not included in the above table as it is not foreseeable what loans will be incurred under such line of credit. The total unused portion of the line of credit extended under these contracts was approximately 27.6 billion yen as of March 31, 2019. Refer to Note 28 of the consolidated financial statements.

• Purchases made during the ordinary course of business from certain component manufacturers and contract manufacturers in order to establish the best pricing and continuity of supply for Sony’s production are not included as there are typically no binding purchase obligations. Purchase obligations are defined as contractual obligations to purchase goods or services that are enforceable and legally binding on Sony. These obligations specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum, or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transaction. Purchase obligations do not include contracts that may be cancelled without penalty. These purchases include arrangements with certain component manufacturers whereby Sony procures goods, including product components, for these component manufacturers and is reimbursed for the related purchases. This allows Sony’s supply chain management to have flexible and mutually beneficial purchase arrangements with these manufacturers in order to minimize inventory risk. Consistent with industry practice, Sony purchases processed goods that meet technical criteria from these component manufacturers after issuing to these manufacturers information on Sony’s projected demand and manufacturing needs.

Refer to Item 8 A. “Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information” for legal proceedings and Note 28 of the consolidated financial statements for guarantees issued, including product warranties.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, Sony evaluates its estimates, which are based on historical experience, future projections and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The results of these evaluations form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may significantly differ from these estimates. Sony considers an accounting policy to be critical if it is important to its financial condition and results, and requires significant judgment and estimates on the part of management in its application. Sony believes that the following represents its critical accounting policies.

Investments

Sony’s investments include debt and equity securities accounted for under both the cost and equity method of accounting. If it has been determined that an investment has sustained other-than-temporary decline in its value, the investment is written down to its fair value with a charge to income. Sony regularly evaluates its investment portfolio to identify other-than-temporary impairments of individual debt securities. Factors that are considered by Sony in determining whether an other-than-temporary decline in value has occurred include: the length of time and extent to which the market value of the security has been less than its original cost, the financial condition, operating results, business plans and estimated future cash flows of the issuer of the security, other specific factors affecting the market value, deterioration of the credit condition of the issuer, sovereign risk, and whether or not Sony is able to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for the anticipated recovery in market value.

In evaluating the factors for debt securities designated as available-for-sale, Sony presumes a decline in value to be other-than-temporary if the fair value of the security is 20% or more below its original cost for an extended period of time (generally for a period of up to six months). This criterion is employed as a threshold to identify securities which may have a decline in value that is other-than-temporary. The presumption of an other-than-temporary impairment in such cases may be overcome if there is evidence to support that the decline is temporary in nature due to the existence of other factors which overcome the duration or magnitude of the decline. On the other hand, there may be cases where impairment losses are recognized when the decline in the

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fair value of the security is not more than 20% or such decline has not existed for an extended period of time, as a result of considering specific factors which may indicate that the decline in the fair value is other-than-temporary.

When an other-than-temporary impairment of a held-to-maturity debt security has occurred, the amount of the other-than-temporary impairment recognized in income depends on whether Sony intends to sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost. If the debt security meets either of these two criteria, the other-than-temporary impairment is recognized in income, measured as the entire difference between the security’s amortized cost and its fair value at the impairment measurement date. For an other-than-temporary impairment of a debt security that does not meet these two criteria, the net amount recognized in income is a credit loss, which equals the difference between the amortized cost of the debt security and its net present value calculated by discounting Sony’s best estimate of projected future cash flows at the effective interest rate implicit in the debt security prior to impairment. Any difference between the fair value and the net present value of the debt security at the impairment measurement date is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. Unrealized gains or losses on securities for which an other-than-temporary impairment has been recognized in income are presented as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income.

The assessment of whether a decline in the value of an investment is other-than-temporary is often subjective in nature and involves certain assumptions and estimates concerning the expected operating results, business plans and future cash flows of the issuer of the security. Accordingly, it is possible that investments in Sony’s portfolio that have had a decline in value that Sony currently believes to be temporary may be determined to be other-than-temporary in the future based on Sony’s evaluation of subsequent information such as continued poor operating results, future broad declines in the value of worldwide equity markets and the effect of worldwide interest rate fluctuations. As a result, unrealized losses recorded for investments may be recognized and reduce income in future periods.

Valuation of inventory

Sony values its inventory based on the lower of cost and net realizable value. Sony writes down inventory in an amount equal to the difference between the cost of the inventory and the net realizable value — i.e., estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion and disposal. Sony writes down the value of its inventory when the underlying parts, components or products have become obsolete, when inventory levels exceed the amount expected to be used, or when the value of the inventory is otherwise recorded at a higher value than net realizable value. As a result, if actual market conditions are less favorable than projected and further price decreases are needed, additional inventory write-downs may be required in the future.

Impairment of long-lived assets

Sony reviews the recoverability of the carrying value of its long-lived assets held and used and long-lived assets to be disposed of, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets or asset groups may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets to be held and used are reviewed for impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset or asset group with their estimated undiscounted future cash flows. This review is primarily performed using estimates of future cash flows by product category or, in certain cases, by entity. If the carrying value of the asset or asset group is considered impaired, an impairment charge is recorded for the amount by which the carrying value of the asset or asset group exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined using the present value of estimated net cash flows or comparable market values. This approach uses significant estimates and assumptions including projected future cash flows, the timing of such cash flows, discount rates reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, perpetual growth rates applied to determine terminal values, determination of appropriate market comparables and the determination of whether a premium or discount should be applied to comparables.

Management believes that the estimates of future cash flows and fair value are reasonable; however, changes in estimates resulting in lower future cash flows and fair value due to unforeseen changes in Sony’s businesses or assumptions could negatively affect the valuations of long-lived assets.

Business combinations

When Sony applies the acquisition method of accounting, the deemed purchase price is allocated to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Any residual purchase price is recorded as goodwill. The

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allocation of the purchase price utilizes significant estimates in determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, especially with respect to intangible assets. Independent third-party appraisal firms are typically engaged in order to assist in the estimation process. The significant estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, the timing and amount of revenue and future cash flows, the discount rate reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows and the perpetual growth rate used to calculate the terminal value.

Due to the inherent uncertainties involved in making the estimates and assumptions, the purchase price for acquisitions could be valued and allocated to the acquired assets and liabilities differently. Actual results may differ, or unanticipated events and circumstances may affect such estimates, which could require Sony to record an impairment of an acquired asset, including goodwill, or increase in the amounts recorded for an assumed liability.

Goodwill and other intangible assets

Goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are tested annually for impairment during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below its carrying amount. Such an event or change in circumstances would include unfavorable variances from established business plans, significant changes in forecasted results or volatility inherent to external markets and industries, which are periodically reviewed by Sony’s management.

In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony elected not to perform an optional qualitative assessment of goodwill and instead proceeded directly to a quantitative impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. Reporting units are Sony’s operating segments or one level below the operating segments. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not considered impaired. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. Indefinite lived intangible assets are tested for impairment by comparing the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying value, and if the carrying value of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

Determining the fair value of a reporting unit under the goodwill impairment test is judgmental in nature and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. Similarly, estimates and assumptions are used in determining the fair value of indefinite lived intangible assets. These estimates and assumptions could significantly impact whether or not an impairment charge is recognized as well as the magnitude of any such charge.

In its impairment review, Sony performs internal valuation analyses or utilizes third-party valuations when management believes it to be appropriate, and considers other market information that is publicly available. The fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite lived intangible asset is generally determined using a discounted cash flow analysis. This approach uses significant estimates and assumptions including projected future cash flows, the timing of such cash flows, discount rates reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, perpetual growth rates, earnings multiples, the determination of appropriate comparable entities and the determination of whether a premium or discount should be applied to comparables. Consideration is also given to Sony’s market capitalization in relation to the sum of the calculated fair values of the reporting units, including reporting units with no goodwill, and taking into account corporate level assets and liabilities not assigned to individual reporting units as well as a reasonable control premium.

The assumptions used for projected future cash flows and the timing of such cash flows are based on the forecast and mid-range plan (“MRP”) of each reporting unit and take into account such factors as historical experience, market and industry information, and current and forecasted economic conditions. Perpetual growth rates are utilized to determine a terminal cash flow value and are generally set after the three-year forecasted period for the MRP. Certain reporting units, such as those in the Pictures segment, utilize longer forecast periods and base the terminal value on an exit price using an earnings multiple applied to the final year of the forecasted earnings, which also takes into consideration a control premium. Discount rates are derived from the weighted average cost of capital of market participants in similar businesses.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony recorded an impairment loss of 5,107 million yen, primarily in All Other. The impairment loss reflected the overall decline in the fair value of the reporting unit. The fair value of the reporting unit was estimated using the present values of expected future cash flows.

Except as described above, for all reporting units with goodwill, fair value exceeded the carrying amount, and therefore no impairment existed in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. These reporting units’ fair value exceeded their respective carrying values by at least 10.0%. Also, for indefinite lived intangible assets, fair value exceeded the carrying amount, and therefore no impairment existed.

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The carrying amounts of goodwill by segment as of March 31, 2019 are as follows:

	Yen in millions
Game & Network Services		153,955
Music		403,370
Pictures		145,484
Imaging Products & Solutions		8,668
Mobile Communications		3,286
Semiconductors		46,564
Financial Services		7,225
Total		768,552

A discussion of the significant assumptions, other than the MRP described above, including a sensitivity analysis with respect to their impact, of the fair value of Sony’s reporting units for the impairment analysis performed for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 is included below:

• The discount rates ranged from 7.1% to 10.6%. A hypothetical one percentage point increase in the discount rate, holding all other assumptions constant, would not have resulted in an impairment.

• The growth rates applied to the terminal values for reporting units within the G&NS, IP&S, MC and Semiconductors and Financial Services segments and All Other ranged from approximately 0% to 1.5%. The growth rates beyond the MRP period for the reporting units in the Music segment ranged from 0% to 7.4%, and in the Pictures segment ranged from 3.0% to 4.5%. A hypothetical one percentage point decrease in the growth rate, holding all other assumptions constant, would not have resulted in an impairment.

• The earnings multiple used to calculate the terminal value in the Pictures reporting units ranged from 9.0x to 10.0x. A hypothetical reduction in the earnings multiple by 1.0x, holding all other assumptions constant, would not have resulted in an impairment.

Management believes that the assumptions used to estimate the fair value used in the goodwill impairment tests are reasonable; however, in the future, changes in estimates resulting in lower than currently anticipated cash flows and fair value due to unforeseen changes in assumptions could negatively affect the valuations, which may result in Sony recognizing impairment charges for goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets in the future.

Pension benefit costs

Employee pension benefit costs and obligations are dependent on certain assumptions including discount rates, retirement rates and mortality rates, which are based upon current statistical data, as well as expected long-term rates of return on pension plan assets and other factors. Specifically, the discount rate and expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets are two critical assumptions in the determination of periodic pension costs and pension liabilities. Assumptions are evaluated at least annually, or at the time when events occur or circumstances change and these events or changes could have a significant effect on these critical assumptions.

In accordance with U.S. GAAP, actual results that differ from the assumptions are accumulated and amortized over future periods. Therefore, actual results generally affect recognized costs and the recorded obligations for pensions in future periods. While management believes that the assumptions used are appropriate, differences in actual experience or changes in assumptions may affect Sony’s pension obligations and future costs.

Sony’s principal pension plans are its Japanese pension plans. No individual foreign pension plan is significant to the consolidated pension plan assets and pension obligations.

To determine the benefit obligation of the Japanese pension plans, Sony used a discount rate of 0.6% for its Japanese pension plans as of March 31, 2019. The discount rate was determined by using information about yields on high-quality bonds currently available and expected to be available during the period to maturity of the pension benefit obligation in consideration of amounts and timing of cash outflows for expected benefit payments. Such available information about yields is collected from published market information and credit rating agencies. The 0.6% discount rate represents a 20 basis point decrease from the 0.8% discount rate used for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 and reflects current Japanese market interest conditions.

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To determine the expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets, Sony considers the current and expected asset allocations, as well as historical and expected long-term rates of return on various categories of pension plan assets. Sony’s pension investment policy recognizes the expected growth and the variability risk associated with the long-term nature of pension liabilities, the returns and risks of diversification across asset classes, and the correlation among assets. The asset allocations are designed to maximize returns consistent with levels of liquidity and investment risk that are considered prudent and reasonable. While the pension investment policy gives appropriate consideration to recent market performance and historical returns, the investment assumptions utilized by Sony are designed to achieve a long-term return consistent with the long-term nature of the corresponding pension liabilities. For Japanese pension plans, the expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets was 2.4% and 2.6% as of March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively. The actual return on pension plan assets for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019 was a 5.6% gain and a 2.7% gain, respectively. The difference between the expected and the actual rate of return on pension plan assets was primarily due to the positive performance in the domestic (Japan) and the global equity markets through the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. Actual results that differ from the expected return on pension plan assets are accumulated and amortized as a component of pension costs over the average future service period, thereby reducing the year-to-year volatility in pension costs. As of March 31, 2018 and 2019, Sony had, with respect to Japanese pension plans, net actuarial losses of 299.9 billion yen and 311.1 billion yen, respectively, including losses related to pension plan assets. Although the actual return on pension plan assets was slightly higher than expected, the net actuarial loss increased mainly due to the impact of the decline in the discount rate used to determine the defined benefit obligation, as compared to the prior fiscal year’s rate.

The following table illustrates the effect on the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020 of changes in the discount rate and the expected return on pension plan assets, while holding all other assumptions as of March 31, 2019 constant, for Japanese pension plans.

Change in assumption	Projected benefit obligations		Pension costs		Net income
	(Yen in billions)
25 basis point increase / decrease in discount rate		-/+38.6		-/+1.9		+/-1.3
25 basis point increase / decrease in expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets		—		-/+1.8		+/-1.2

Deferred tax asset valuation

Carrying amounts of deferred tax assets require a reduction by a valuation allowance if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized prior to expiration. Accordingly, the need to establish a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is assessed periodically with appropriate consideration given to all positive and negative evidence related to the realization of the deferred tax assets. Management’s judgments related to this assessment consider, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses on an individual tax jurisdiction basis, forecasts of future profitability after consideration of uncertain tax positions, excess of appreciated asset value over the tax basis of net assets, the duration of statutory carryforward periods, the past utilization of net operating loss carryforwards prior to expiration, as well as prudent and feasible tax planning strategies which would be employed by Sony to prevent net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards from expiring unutilized.

As a result of prior losses, as of March 31, 2019, total established valuation allowances against deferred tax assets were 723.1 billion yen, including approximately 480 billion yen in Japan of which 350 billion yen relates to national taxes for Sony Corporation and its national tax filing group in Japan. As of March 31, 2019, some of the entities have returned to profitability, particularly Sony Corporation and its national tax filing group in Japan. This is a positive factor to be considered; however, in order to support a reversal of the valuation allowance, a pattern of consistent earnings still needs to be established, particularly in jurisdictions like Japan where the remaining net operating loss carryforward period is very limited.

Sony is subject to income taxes in Japan and numerous other jurisdictions, and in the ordinary course of business there are many situations where the ultimate tax determination can be uncertain, particularly with respect to transfer pricing for intercompany transactions. The amount of the deferred tax assets recorded takes into account the more likely than not final outcome of these uncertain tax positions based on Sony’s judgement, particularly for final allocations of taxable income among jurisdictions as a result of intercompany transfer pricing decisions. The estimate for the valuation of deferred tax assets, which is based on currently enacted tax laws and rates as of the balance sheet date, reflects management’s judgment and best estimate of the likely future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in Sony’s financial statements and tax returns, the ability to implement various tax planning strategies and, in certain cases, future forecasts, business plans and other

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expectations about future outcomes. Changes in existing tax laws or rates in tax jurisdictions in which Sony operates could affect actual tax results, and market or economic deterioration or failure of management to achieve its restructuring objectives could affect future business results, either of which could affect the valuation of deferred tax assets over time. If future results are less than projected, if the results of tax examinations or the negotiations of advance pricing agreements covering transfer pricing of intercompany transactions result in a different allocation of profits and losses than currently anticipated, if tax planning alternatives are no longer viable, or if there is no excess appreciated asset value over the tax basis of the assets contemplated for sale, further valuation allowance may be required in the future to reduce the deferred tax assets to their net realizable value. On the other hand, a forecasted improvement and consistency in future earnings or other factors, such as business reorganizations, could lead to the future reversal of valuation allowance into income as a reduction to tax expense, subject to review of the relevant qualitative factors and uncertainties. These factors and other changes that are not anticipated in current estimates could have a material impact on Sony’s earnings or financial condition in the period or periods in which the impact is recorded or reversed.

The U.S. Tax Reform Act significantly changed how the U.S. taxes corporations. The U.S. Tax Reform Act requires complex computations to be performed that were not previously required by U.S. tax law, significant judgments to be made in interpretation of the provisions of the U.S. Tax Reform Act, significant estimates in calculations, and the preparation and analysis of information not previously relevant or regularly produced. The U.S. Treasury Department, the Internal Revenue Service, and other standard setting bodies will continue to interpret or issue guidance on how provisions of the U.S. Tax Reform Act will be applied or otherwise administered. As future guidance is issued, Sony may make adjustments to amounts that it previously recorded that may materially impact Sony’s financial statements in the period in which the adjustments are made.

Film accounting

An aspect of film accounting that requires the exercise of judgment relates to the process of estimating the total revenues to be received throughout a film’s life cycle. Such estimate of a film’s ultimate revenue is important for two reasons. First, while a film is being produced and the related costs are being capitalized, it is necessary for management to estimate the ultimate revenue, less additional costs to be incurred, including exploitation costs which are expensed as incurred, in order to determine whether the value of a film has been impaired and thus requires an immediate write-off of unrecoverable film costs. Second, the amount of film costs recognized as cost of sales for a given film as it is exhibited in various markets throughout its life cycle is based upon the proportion that current period actual revenues bear to the estimated ultimate total revenues.

Management bases its estimates of ultimate revenue for each film on several factors including the historical performance of similar genre films, the star power of the lead actors and actresses, the expected number of theaters at which the film will be released, anticipated performance in the home entertainment, television and other ancillary markets, and agreements for future sales. Management updates such estimates on a regular basis based on the actual results to date and estimated future results for each film. For example, a film that has resulted in lower than expected theatrical revenues in its initial weeks of release would generally have its theatrical, home entertainment and television distribution ultimate revenues adjusted downward; a failure to do so would result in the understatement of amortized film costs for the period.

Future insurance policy benefits

Liabilities for future insurance policy benefits, which mainly relate to individual life insurance policies, are established in amounts adequate to meet the estimated future obligations of policies in force. These liabilities, which require significant management judgment and estimates, are computed by the net level premium method based upon the assumptions as to future investment yield, morbidity, mortality, withdrawals and other factors. Future policy benefits are computed using interest rates ranging from 0.8% to 4.5% and are based on factors such as market conditions and expected investment returns. Morbidity, mortality and withdrawal assumptions for all policies are based on either the subsidiary’s own experience or various actuarial tables. Generally these assumptions are locked-in throughout the life of the contract upon the issuance of new insurance, although significant changes in experience or assumptions may require Sony to provide for expected future losses.

Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business

Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business represents an accumulation of account deposits plus credited interest less withdrawals, expenses and mortality charges. Policyholders’ account includes universal life insurance and investment contracts. Universal life insurance includes interest sensitive whole life contracts and variable contracts. The credited rates associated with interest sensitive whole life contracts range from 1.8% to

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2.0%. For variable contracts, policy values are expressed in terms of investment units. Each unit is linked to an asset portfolio. The value of a unit increases or decreases based on the value of the linked asset portfolio. Investment contracts mainly include single payment educational endowment contracts, individual variable annuities and policies after the start of annuity payments. The credited rates associated with investment contracts, except for individual variable annuities, range from 0.01% to 6.3%. For individual variable annuities, policy values are expressed in terms of investment units. Each unit is linked to an asset portfolio. The value of a unit increases or decreases based on the value of the linked asset portfolio.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Refer to Note 2, summary of significant accounting policies, recently adopted accounting pronouncements, of the consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 2, summary of significant accounting policies, recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted, of the consolidated financial statements.

Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees

A. Directors and Senior Management

Set forth below are the current members of the Board of Directors and Corporate Executive Officers of Sony Corporation, their responsibility as a director or officer, date of birth, the number of years they have served as a director or officer, and other principal business activities outside the Corporation as of June 18, 2019.

Board of Directors

Kenichiro Yoshida
Responsibility as a Director: Member of the Nominating Committee
Date of Birth: October 20, 1959
Number of Years Served as a Director: 5 years
Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation: None
Brief Personal History:
April 1983	Joined Sony Corporation
July 2000	Joined Sony Communication Network Corporation (currently Sony Network Communications Inc.)
May 2001	SVP, Sony Communication Network Corporation
April 2005	President and Representative Director, Sony Communication Network Corporation
December 2013	EVP, CSO and Deputy CFO, Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation
April 2014	EVP and CFO, Representative Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation
June 2014	Director, Sony Corporation (present)
April 2015	Executive Deputy President and CFO, Representative Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation
April 2018	President and CEO, Representative Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation (present)

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Hiroki Totoki
Responsibility as a Director: —
Date of Birth: July 17, 1964
Number of Years Served as a Director: —
Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation: None
Brief Personal History:
April 1987	Joined Sony Corporation
February 2002	Representative Director, Sony Bank Incorporated
June 2005	Director, Corporate Executive Officer and Senior Managing Director, Sony Communication Network Corporation (currently Sony Network Communications Inc.)
April 2012	Representative Director, Corporate Executive Officer and Senior Managing Director, So-net Corporation (currently Sony Network Communications Inc.)
April 2013	Representative Director, Corporate Executive Officer, Deputy President and CFO, So-net Entertainment Corporation (currently Sony Network Communications Inc.)
December 2013	SVP, Corporate Executive, Sony Corporation Corporate Executive in charge of Business Strategy, Corporate Development and Transformation
November 2014	President and CEO, Sony Mobile Communications Inc.
June 2015	Director, Chairman, So-net Corporation (currently Sony Network Communications Inc.)
April 2016	EVP, Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation Officer in charge of New Business Platform Strategy, Sony Corporation President and Representative Director, So-net Corporation
June 2017	CSO, Sony Corporation Officer in Charge of Mid-to-Long Term Business Strategy, New Business
April 2018	Representative Corporate Executive Officer, CFO, Sony Corporation (present)
June 2018	Senior EVP, Sony Corporation (present)
June 2019	Director, Sony Corporation (present)
Shuzo Sumi
Responsibility as a Director: Chairman of the Board Chair of the Nominating Committee
Date of Birth: July 11, 1947
Number of Years Served as a Director: 2 years
Brief Personal History and Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation:
April 1970	Joined Tokio Marine & Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.
June 2000	Director and Chief Representative in London, Overseas Division, Tokio Marine & Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.
June 2002	Managing Director, Tokio Marine & Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.
October 2004	Managing Director, Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.
June 2005	Senior Managing Director, Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.
June 2007	President & Chief Executive Officer, Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Co., Ltd. President & Chief Executive Officer, Tokio Marine Holdings, Inc.
June 2013	Chairman of the Board, Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Co., Ltd. Chairman of the Board, Tokio Marine Holdings, Inc. (present)
June 2014	Outside Director, Toyota Industries Corporation (present)
June 2017	Director, Sony Corporation (present)

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Tim Schaaff
Responsibility as a Director: Director in charge of Information Security
Date of Birth: December 5, 1959
Number of Years Served as a Director: 6 years
Brief Personal History and Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation:
December 1982	Joined New England Digital Corporation
July 1991	Joined Apple Computer, Inc.
1998	Vice President, Apple Computer, Inc.
December 2005	Senior Vice President, Sony Corporation of America
November 2006	Deputy President, Technology Development Group, Sony Corporation
June 2008	President, Sony Media Software and Services Inc.
December 2009	Director, President, Sony Network Entertainment International LLC
June 2013	Director, Sony Corporation (present)
January 2014	Independent startup advisor (present)
July 2015	Chief Product Officer, Intertrust Technologies Corporation (present)
Kazuo Matsunaga
Responsibility as a Director: Vice Chairman of the Board
Chair of the Audit Committee
Date of Birth: February 28, 1952
Number of Years Served as a Director: 5 years
Brief Personal History and Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation:
April 1974	Joined the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (currently Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (“METI”))
June 2004	Director-General, Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency, METI
September 2005	Assistant Vice-Minister, Minister’s Secretariat, METI
July 2006	Deputy Vice-Minister, Minister’s Secretariat, METI
July 2008	Director-General, Economic and Industrial Policy Bureau, METI
July 2010	Vice-Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, METI
April 2012	Specially-appointed Professor, Graduate School of International Corporate Strategy, Hitotsubashi University (present)
June 2013	Outside Director, Takasago Thermal Engineering Co., Ltd. (present)
June 2014	Director, Sony Corporation (present) Outside Director, Hashimoto Sogyo Co., Ltd. (currently Hashimoto Sogyo Holdings Co., Ltd.) (present) President, Japan Cooperation Center for the Middle East (present)
April 2016	Vice Chairman of the Board, Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation
January 2017	Chairman of the Board, Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation (present)
Koichi Miyata
Responsibility as a Director: Member of the Nominating Committee
Member of the Compensation Committee
Date of Birth: November 16, 1953
Number of Years Served as a Director: 5 years
Brief Personal History and Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation:
April 1976	Joined The Mitsui Bank, Ltd.
June 2003	Executive Officer, Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation
October 2006	Managing Executive Officer, Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation
April 2009	Director and Senior Managing Executive Officer, Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation
April 2010	Senior Managing Executive Officer, Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, Inc.
June 2010	Director, Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, Inc.
April 2011	Director and President, Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, Inc. Director, Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation
June 2014	Director, Sony Corporation (present)
June 2016	Outside Corporate Auditor, Isetan Mitsukoshi Holdings Ltd. (present)
April 2017	Chairman of the Board, Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, Inc. (present) Chairman of the Board, Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (present)

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John V. Roos
Responsibility as a Director: Member of the Nominating Committee
Date of Birth: February 14, 1955
Number of Years Served as a Director: 5 years
Brief Personal History and Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation:
October 1980	Associate, O’Melveny and Myers LLP
February 1985	Associate, Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati
February 1988	Partner, Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati
February 2000	Managing Director of Professional Services, Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati
February 2005	Chief Executive Officer, Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati
August 2009	United States Ambassador to Japan
September 2013	Outside Director, Salesforce.com, inc. (present)
October 2013	Chief Executive Officer, The Roos Group, LLC (present)
December 2013	Member of Global Advisory Board, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. (present)
April 2014	Senior Advisor, Centerview Partners LLC (present)
June 2014	Director, Sony Corporation (present)
May 2015	Founding Partner, Geodesic Capital (present)
Eriko Sakurai
Responsibility as a Director: Chair of the Compensation Committee
Date of Birth: November 16, 1960
Number of Years Served as a Director: 5 years
Brief Personal History and Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation:
June 1987	Joined Dow Corning Corporation
May 2008	Director, Dow Corning Toray Co., Ltd. (currently Dow Toray Co., Ltd.)
March 2009	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Dow Corning Toray Co., Ltd. (present)
June 2014	Director, Sony Corporation (present)
June 2015	Outside Director, Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, Inc. (present)
Kunihito Minakawa
Responsibility as a Director: Member of the Audit Committee
Date of Birth: August 15, 1954
Number of Years Served as a Director: 2 years
Brief Personal History and Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation:
April 1978	Joined Ricoh Company, Ltd.
October 1997	Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Ricoh Americas Corporation
April 2010	Corporate Vice President, and General Manager of Finance and Accounting Division, Ricoh Company, Ltd.
June 2010	Outside Audit & Supervisory Board Member, Ricoh Leasing Company, Ltd.
April 2012	Corporate Senior Vice President, and General Manager of Finance and Accounting Division, Ricoh Company, Ltd.
June 2013	Audit & Supervisory Board Member, Ricoh Company, Ltd.
June 2017	Director, Sony Corporation (present)
June 2018	Outside Director, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (present)
Toshiko Oka
Responsibility as a Director: Member of the Audit Committee
Date of Birth: March 7, 1964
Number of Years Served as a Director: 1 year
Brief Personal History and Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation:
April 1986	Joined Tohmatsu Touche Ross Consulting Limited
July 2000	Joined Asahi Arthur Anderson Limited
September 2002	Principal, Deloitte Tohmatsu Consulting Co., Ltd. (currently ABeam Consulting Ltd.)
April 2005	President and Representative Director, ABeam M&A Consulting Ltd. (currently PwC Advisory LLC)
June 2015	Outside Corporate Auditor, Happinet Corporation (present)
April 2016	Partner, PwC Advisory LLC
June 2016	CEO, Oka & Company Ltd. (present) Outside Director, Mitsubishi Corporation (present) Outside Director, Hitachi Metals, Ltd. (present)
June 2018	Director, Sony Corporation (present)

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Sakie Akiyama
Responsibility as a Director: Member of the Audit Committee
Date of Birth: December 1, 1962
Number of Years Served as a Director: —
Brief Personal History and Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation:
April 1987	Joined Arthur Andersen & Co.
April 1994	Founder and CEO, Saki Corporation
October 2018	Founder, Saki Corporation (present)
June 2019	Director, Sony Corporation (present)
Wendy Becker
Responsibility as a Director: Member of the Compensation Committee
Date of Birth: November 2, 1965
Number of Years Served as a Director: —
Brief Personal History and Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation:
September 1987	Brand Manager, Procter & Gamble Company
September 1993	Consultant, McKinsey & Company, Inc.
December 1998	Partner, McKinsey & Company, Inc.
February 2008	Management Director, Residential, TalkTalk, The Carphone Warehouse Ltd. Board member, Member of Remuneration Committee, Whitbread plc
September 2009	Chief Marketing Officer, Vodafone Group plc
September 2012	Chief Operating Officer, Jack Wills Ltd.
October 2013	CEO, Jack Wills Ltd.
February 2017	Board member, Chair of Remuneration Committee, Great Portland Estates plc (present)
September 2017	Board member, Logitech International S.A. (present)
September 2018	Chair of Compensation Committee, Logitech International S.A. (present)
June 2019	Director, Sony Corporation (present)
Yoshihiko Hatanaka
Responsibility as a Director: Member of the Nominating Committee
Date of Birth: April 20, 1957
Number of Years Served as a Director: —
Brief Personal History and Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation:
April 1980	Joined Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (currently Astellas Pharma Inc.)
June 2005	Corporate Executive, Vice President, Corporate Planning, Corporate Strategy, Astellas Pharma Inc.
April 2006	Corporate Executive of Astellas Pharma Inc. and President & CEO, Astellas US LLC and President & CEO, Astellas Pharma US, Inc.
June 2008	Senior Corporate Executive of Astellas Pharma Inc. and President & CEO, Astellas US LLC and President & CEO, Astellas Pharma US, Inc.
April 2009	Senior Corporate Executive, Chief Strategy Officer and Chief Financial Officer, Astellas Pharma Inc.
June 2011	Representative Director, President & CEO, Astellas Pharma Inc.
April 2018	Representative Director, Chairman of the Board, Astellas Pharma Inc. (present)
June 2019	Director, Sony Corporation (present)

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Corporate Executive Officers

In addition to Kenichiro Yoshida and Hiroki Totoki, the three individuals set forth below are the current Corporate Executive Officers of Sony Corporation as of June 18, 2019. Refer to “Board Practices” below.

Toru Katsumoto
Responsibility as an Officer: Senior EVP, Officer in charge of R&D and Medical Business
Date of Birth: October 14, 1957
Number of Years Served as a Corporate Executive Officer: 1 year
Principal Business Activities Outside Sony: None
Brief Personal History:
April 1982	Joined Sony Corporation
November 2012	SVP, Corporate Executive, Sony Corporation
April 2013	Representative Director and President, Sony Olympus Medical Solutions Inc.
January 2016	Director, Sony Olympus Medical Solutions Inc. (present)
January 2017	President, Medical Business Group, Sony Corporation
April 2017	Representative Director and Deputy President, Sony Imaging Products & Solutions Inc. (present)
April 2018	EVP, Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation Officer in charge of R&D and Medical Business (present)
June 2019	Senior EVP, Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation (present)
Shiro Kambe
Responsibility as an Officer: EVP, Officer in charge of Legal, Compliance, Corporate Communications, CSR, External Relations, Quality, Environment and Information Security & Privacy
Date of Birth: December 18, 1961
Number of Years Served as a Corporate Executive Officer: 5 years
Principal Business Activities Outside Sony: None
Brief Personal History:
April 1984	Joined Sony Corporation
June 2010	SVP, Corporate Executive, Sony Corporation
	Officer in charge of Corporate Communications and CSR, Sony Corporation (present)
April 2014	Officer in charge of External Relations, Sony Corporation (present)
	Officer in charge of Brand, Sony Corporation
June 2014	EVP, Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation (present)
	Officer in charge of Legal and Compliance, Sony Corporation (present)
August 2016	Officer in charge of Information Security & Privacy, Sony Corporation (present)
June 2018	Officer in charge of Quality and Environment, Sony Corporation (present)
Kazushi Ambe
Responsibility as an Officer: EVP, Officer in charge of Human Resources and General Affairs
Date of Birth: April 23, 1961
Number of Years Served as a Corporate Executive Officer: 3 years
Principal Business Activities Outside Sony: None
Brief Personal History:
April 1984	Joined Sony Corporation
October 2001	Vice President, Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications
April 2006	Senior Vice President, Sony Corporation of America
November 2014	SVP, Corporate Executive, Sony Corporation
June 2016	EVP, Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation (present) Officer in charge of Human Resources and General Affairs (present)

Kenichiro Yoshida, Hiroki Totoki, Toru Katsumoto, Shiro Kambe and Kazushi Ambe are engaged on a full-time basis by Sony Corporation. There is no family relationship between any of the persons named above. There is no arrangement or understanding with major shareholders, customers, suppliers, or others pursuant to which any person named above was selected as a Director or a Corporate Executive Officer.

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B. Compensation

Under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act of Japan and related regulations, Sony is required to disclose the total remuneration paid by Sony Corporation to Directors and Corporate Executive Officers, as well as remuneration of any Director or Corporate Executive Officer who receives total aggregate annual remuneration exceeding 100 million yen from Sony in a fiscal year, on an individual basis. The following table and accompanying footnotes show the information on such matters that Sony Corporation has disclosed in its annual Securities Report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 filed on June 18, 2019 with the Director General of the Kanto Local Finance Bureau (the “Bureau”) of the Ministry of Finance in Japan.

(1) Total amounts of remuneration paid by Sony Corporation to Directors and Corporate Executive Officers

	Fixed remuneration		Remuneration linked to business results		Phantom restricted stock plan
	Number of persons	Amount (Yen in millions)	Number of persons	Amount (Yen in millions)	Number of persons	Amount (Yen in millions)
Directors	13	227	—	—	2	108
	(*1) (*2)			(*4)
(Outside Directors)	(11)	(152)	(—)	(—)	(2)	(108)
		(*3)
Corporate Executive Officers	8	338	6	383	—	—
	(*2)		(*5)	(*6)
Total (*8)	21	565	6	383	2	108
						(*7)

*1 The number of persons does not include a Director who concurrently serves as a Corporate Executive Officer, because the Corporation does not pay any additional remuneration for services as a Director to Directors who concurrently serve as Corporate Executive Officers.

*2 The number of persons includes a Director and three Corporate Executive Officers who resigned on the day of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held on June 19, 2018, and a Director who passed away during his tenure.

*3 The amount includes the condolence paid for a Director who passed away during his tenure.

*4 The Corporation does not pay remuneration linked to business results to Directors who do not concurrently serve as Corporate Executive Officers.

*5 The number of persons includes a Corporate Executive Officer who resigned on the day of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held on June 19, 2018.

*6 The amount of remuneration linked to business results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 was paid in June 2019.

*7 The Phantom Restricted Stock Plan includes the amount that will be paid to two Directors who resigned on the day of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held on June 18, 2019.

*8 In addition to the above, the Corporation issued restricted stock and stock acquisition rights for the purpose of granting stock options as remuneration linked to share price. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, the Corporation recorded 15 million yen in expenses for the restricted stock granted to non-executive Directors and 265 million yen in expenses for the restricted stock granted to Corporate Executive Officers. Regarding the stock acquisition rights granted to Corporate Executive Officers, the Corporation recorded 874 million yen in expenses during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 or in the past for stock option purposes.

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(2) Amounts of remuneration paid by Sony Corporation and its subsidiaries to Directors and Corporate Executive Officers on an individual basis.

Name	Position (*1)	Fixed Remuneration (*2) (Yen in millions)	Remuneration linked to business results (*2) (*3) (Yen in millions)	Phantom restricted stock plan (Yen in millions)	Total (*2) (Yen in millions)	Granted number of stock acquisition rights (*4) (Thousand shares)	Granted number of restricted stock (*5) (Thousand shares)
Kenichiro Yoshida	Sony Corporation Director, President & CEO, and Representative Corporate Executive Officer (*6) (*7)	160	237	—	397	14	4
Hiroki Totoki	Sony Corporation Director, Senior Executive Vice President, CFO and Representative Corporate Executive Officer, (*6)	54	49	—	103	3	0.8
Toru Katsumoto	Sony Corporation Corporate Executive Officer, Senior Executive Vice President (In charge of R&D and Medical Business)	39 (*8)	41 (*8)	—	80 (*8)	2	0.5
Shiro Kambe	Sony Corporation Corporate Executive Officer, Executive Vice President (In charge of Legal, Compliance, Corporate Communications, CSR, External Relations Quality, Environment, Information Security and Privacy)	39	39	—	78	2	0.5
Kazushi Ambe	Sony Corporation Corporate Executive Officer, Executive Vice President (In charge of Human Resources and General Affairs)	38	34	—	72	2	0.5

*1 The above chart shows remuneration for Directors and Corporate Executive Officers who received, or who became likely to receive, total remuneration exceeding 100 million yen from Sony Corporation and its subsidiaries during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Titles are as of the date of submission of this document.

*2 Due to rounding, individual sums may not total 100%.

*3 For the indicators and results used to determine the amount of remuneration linked to business results, please refer to “Corporate Executive Officer remuneration linked to business results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019” below.

*4 The weighted-average fair value per share at the date of grant of stock acquisition rights granted during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 was 1,593 yen and was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with several assumptions. Refer to Note 17 of the consolidated financial statements for details. The weighted-average fair value per share does not indicate the actual value that would be realized by a Corporate Executive Officer upon the exercise of the above-mentioned stock acquisition rights. The actual value, if any, that is realized by a Corporate Executive Officer upon the exercise of any stock acquisition rights will depend on the extent to which the market value of Sony Corporation’s common stock (“Common Stock”) exceeds the exercise price of the stock acquisition rights on the date of exercise, and several other restrictions imposed on the exercise of the stock acquisition rights, including the period when a Corporate Executive Officer could exercise the stock acquisition rights. Accordingly, there is no assurance that the value realized or to be realized by a Corporate Executive Officer upon the exercise of the stock acquisition rights is or will be at or near the weighted-average fair value per share presented above. In addition, the above weighted-average fair value per share was calculated to recognize compensation expense for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 for accounting purposes and should not be regarded as any indication or prediction of Sony with respect to its future stock performance.

*5 Indicates the total number of shares of restricted stock granted in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 for Corporate Executive Officers. The issue price per share of restricted stock was 5,664 yen.

*6 As noted above, Sony Corporation does not pay any remuneration for services as a Director to Directors who concurrently serve as Corporate Executive Officers.

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*7 Apart from the remuneration contained in the above table, Sony also provided certain personal benefits and perquisites, including fringe benefits and in some instances income taxes related to perquisites, totaling 1 million yen to Kenichiro Yoshida during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

*8 In the above chart, remuneration for Toru Katsumoto, Senior Executive Vice President, includes 20 million yen in fixed compensation and 20 million yen in performance-based compensation from SIPS.

(3) Basic policy regarding Director and Senior Executive remuneration

The basic policy regarding remuneration for Directors and Senior Executives, as determined by the Compensation Committee, is as follows:

(a) Basic policy regarding Director remuneration

The primary duty of Directors is to supervise the performance of business operations of the Sony Group as a whole. In order to improve this supervisory function over the business operations of Sony, which is a global company, the following two elements have been established as the basic policy for the determination of remuneration of Directors. No Director remuneration is paid to those Directors who concurrently serve as Corporate Executive Officers.

• Attracting and retaining an adequate talent pool of Directors possessing the requisite abilities to excel in the global marketplace; and

• Ensuring the effectiveness of the supervisory function of the Directors.

Based upon the above, remuneration of Directors consists of the following three components:

• Fixed remuneration;

• Remuneration linked to share price; and

• Phantom Restricted Stock Plan.

The amount of each component and its percentage of total remuneration shall be at an appropriate level determined in accordance with the basic policy above and based upon research conducted by a third party regarding remuneration of directors of both domestic and foreign companies.

Regarding remuneration linked to share price, restricted stock is used to further promote shared values between the shareholders and Directors, and incentivize Directors to develop and maintain a sound and transparent management system. Appropriate restrictions and conditions shall be set in order to enhance the effectiveness of the programs.

Regarding the Phantom Restricted Stock Plan, points determined every year by the Compensation Committee shall be granted to Directors every year during his/her tenure, and at the time of resignation, the remuneration amount shall be calculated by multiplying the Common Stock price by the individual’s accumulated points. Sony will not grant any points pursuant to the Phantom Restricted Stock Plan to a Director for a fiscal year in which Sony granted restricted stock to the Director.

(b) Basic policy regarding Senior Executive remuneration

Senior Executives are key members of management responsible for executing the operations of the Sony Group as a whole and/or each business. In order to further improve the business results of Sony, the following two elements have been established as the basic policy for the determination of remuneration of Senior Executives.

• Attracting and retaining an adequate talent pool possessing the requisite abilities to excel in the global marketplace; and

• Providing effective incentives to improve business results on a short-, medium- and long- term basis.

Based upon the above, remuneration of Senior Executives shall basically consist of the following four components:

• Fixed remuneration;

• Remuneration linked to business results;

• Remuneration linked to share price; and

• Phantom Restricted Stock Plan.

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The amount of each component and its percentage of total remuneration shall be at an appropriate level determined in accordance with the above basic policy and the individual’s level of responsibility and based upon research conducted by a third party regarding remuneration of management of both domestic and foreign companies, with an emphasis on linking remuneration to business results and shareholder value.

Remuneration linked to business results shall be structured appropriately and based upon appropriate indicators to ensure that such remuneration effectively incentivizes Senior Executives to achieve the mid- to long-term and the corresponding fiscal year’s corporate targets. Specifically, the amount shall be determined based upon the level of achievements of the targets of (1) certain key performance indicators linked to consolidated or individual business results of Sony of the corresponding fiscal year, such as Return on Equity (“ROE”), Net Income attributable to Sony Corporation’s Stockholders and Operating Cash Flow (“Financial Performance KPIs”), which indicators are selected based on the areas of responsibility of the relevant Senior Executive and (2) the individual performance of the area(s) for which the relevant Senior Executive is responsible. The amount to be paid to Senior Executives shall fluctuate, in principle, within the range from 0 percent to 200 percent of the standard payment amount (“Business Results Linked Standard Payment Amount”) based on the achievement of the above-mentioned targets. The Business Results Linked Standard Payment Amount shall be determined so that such amount is within a certain percentage of the cash compensation (total of the fixed remuneration and the remuneration linked to business results), which percentage shall be determined in accordance with each individual’s level of responsibility.

Remuneration linked to the share price, such as stock options and restricted stock, will be used to incentivize Senior Executives to increase mid- to long-term shareholder value. Appropriate restrictions and conditions shall be set in order to enhance the effectiveness of this program. The amount of remuneration linked to the share price shall be determined, so that the amount is within a certain percentage of the total cash compensation (total of the fixed remuneration and the remuneration linked to business results) and remuneration linked to the share price.

Regarding the Phantom Restricted Stock Plan, points determined every year by the Compensation Committee shall be granted to Senior Executives every year during his/her tenure in office, and at the time of resignation, the remuneration amount shall be calculated by multiplying the Common Stock price by the individual’s accumulated points.

(4) Procedures to determine remuneration of Directors and Senior Executives

Based on the policy outlined above, the Compensation Committee determines the amount and content of the compensation for each Director and Senior Executive. Specifically, in principle, each year at the meeting of the Compensation Committee held after the Ordinary General Meeting of the Shareholders, the amount of basic remuneration and the content of each Director’s and Senior Executive’s compensation for the corresponding fiscal year is determined. Thereafter, at the meeting of the Compensation Committee held after the corresponding fiscal year end, the final amount of compensation of each Director and Senior Executive is determined, including the amount of remuneration linked to business results.

For determining the amount of the remuneration linked to business results for each Senior Executive, the Business Results Linked Standard Payment Amount, the targets for the Financial Performance KPIs and the targets for the individual performance of the areas(s) for which the relevant Senior Executive is responsible are determined and thereafter, at the meeting of the Compensation Committee held after the corresponding fiscal year end, the amount of such remuneration is determined based on the level of achievement of such targets for the Financial Performance KPIs and the individual performance.

In accordance with the above procedure, the Compensation Committee determined the amount of compensation of each Directors and Senior Executives for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

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(5) Corporate Executive Officer remuneration linked to business results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019

The Business Results Linked Standard Payment Amount for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 was between 37.5 percent and 50.0 percent of cash compensation (total of the fixed remuneration and the remuneration linked to business results). The Financial Performance KPIs mainly used for the Corporate Executive Officers and their weighting, targets and results were as follows:

KPI	Weight	Target to be achieved for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 (Consolidated)	Result for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019  (Consolidated)
Operating CF	50%	Amount determined in order to achieve the Operating CF (as defined below) target under Sony’s Third Mid-Range Plan of 2 trillion yen or more for the three-year period from the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019	753.4 billion yen
Net Income attributable to Sony Corporation’s Stockholders	40%	480 billion yen	916.3 billion yen
ROE	10%	15.1%	27.3%

Operating cash flow, excluding the Financial Services Segment (“Operating CF”), was selected as a Financial Performance KPI and was weighed the highest due to operating cash flow being determined as the most important performance metric under the Third Mid-Range Plan of Sony. ROE was also selected due to it being one of the financial targets of Sony’s Third Mid-Range Plan. Net Income attributable to Sony Corporation’s Stockholders was selected in order to incentivize management to achieve the current fiscal year’s corporate target.

For the target to be achieved for the Operating CF for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, an amount which the Compensation Committee determined as appropriate was set in order to achieve the Operating CF target under Sony’s Third Mid-Range Plan of 2 trillion yen or more (target as of as of April 1, 2018) for the three-year period from the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The target for the Net Income attributable to Sony Corporation’s Stockholders for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 was set as 480 billion yen, which was the forecasted amount for the Net Income attributable to Sony Corporation’s Stockholders for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 announced in April 2018. The target for ROE was 15.1% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The results for the Financial Performance KPIs for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 were as follows: Operating CF: 753.4 billion yen, Net Income attributable to Sony Corporation’s Stockholders: 916.3 billion yen, ROE: 27.3%, each exceeding the targeted amount.

As outlined above under “Basic policy regarding Director and Senior Executive remuneration,” remuneration linked to business results for Corporate Executive Officers for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 was determined based upon the level of achievement of the indicators which were selected based on the areas of responsibility of the relevant Corporate Executive Officer and the individual performance of the area(s) for which the relevant Corporate Executive Officer was responsible. The amounts to be paid to the Corporate Executive Officers were determined within the range from 0 percent to 200 percent of the Business Results Linked Standard Payment Amount. As a result, the ratio of remuneration linked to business results of Corporate Executive Officers for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 was in the range of 148.1% to 169.4% of the Business Results Linked Standard Payment Amount.

(For Reference) Restricted Stock

Sony has introduced a restricted stock plan starting from the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, pursuant to which shares of restricted stock will be allotted to Sony Corporation’s Corporate Executive Officers and other executives, and non-executive Directors of Sony Corporation (the “Non-Executive Directors”). The purpose of the plan for the Corporate Executive Officers and other executives of Sony Corporation is to further reinforce management’s alignment with shareholder value, and to incentivize management to improve mid- to long- term performance and increase shareholder value. Furthermore, the purpose of the plan for the Non-Executive Directors is to incentivize these Directors to develop and maintain a sound and transparent management system by further promoting shared values between the shareholders and the Non-Executive Directors.

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The grantees will not be able to sell or transfer the granted shares during the restricted period, and Sony Corporation will acquire the granted shares from a grantee without any consideration to, or consent of, the grantee under certain conditions. Details of the plan, such as vesting conditions, eligibility and the number of grants, will be determined by the Compensation Committee.

C. Board Practices

General

Sony Corporation continuously strives to strengthen its corporate governance system in a way that is suitable for Sony and increases corporate value over the mid- to long-term. To operate Sony effectively, Sony Corporation approaches its corporate governance through two basic precepts: (a) the Board of Directors (the “Board”), a majority of which is comprised of independent outside Directors, focuses on effective oversight of management’s operation of the business and maintaining a sound and transparent governance framework by utilizing the Nominating Committee, the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee; and (b) the Board determines Sony’s fundamental management policies and other material matters and delegates to each of the Senior Executives that assume important roles for the management of Sony, including the Corporate Executive Officers, decision-making authority to conduct Sony’s business operations broadly in line with their respective responsibilities, as defined by the Board, with a view to promoting timely and efficient decision-making within Sony. In furtherance of these efforts, Sony Corporation has adopted a “Company with Three Committees” corporate governance system under the Companies Act of Japan (Kaishaho) and related regulations (collectively the “Companies Act”) as the most appropriate system for the company. In addition, Sony Corporation has introduced its own requirements to help improve and maintain the soundness and transparency of its governance by strengthening the separation of the Directors’ function from that of management; maintaining what the company believes is an appropriate Board size, which enables the members of the Board to actively contribute to discussion; and advancing the proper functioning of the statutory committees.

Sony Corporation is governed by the Board, the members of which are elected at the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders. Under the Companies Act, a “Company with Three Committees” is required to have three committees: the Nominating Committee, the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee. The Companies Act also requires the Board to appoint Corporate Executive Officers (Shikko-yaku), who make decisions regarding the execution of Sony’s business activities within the scope of the authority delegated to them by the Board. Sony Corporation has appointed its Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), who is responsible for Sony’s overall management, and other officers that directly report to the CEO and who are responsible for important and extensive headquarters functions as Corporate Executive Officers. In addition to these statutory bodies and positions, Sony Corporation has also appointed Corporate Executive Officers, including the CEO and other officers, that assume important roles for the management of Sony as Senior Executives. In addition, Sony grants titles, such as Senior Executive Vice President, Executive Vice President and Senior Vice President, to management team members in accordance with their respective roles and responsibilities.

A summary of the governance system adopted by Sony Corporation is set forth below. For an explanation of the significant differences between the New York Stock Exchange’s corporate governance standards and Sony’s corporate governance practices, refer to “Item 16G. Disclosure About Differences in Corporate Governance.”

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Board of Directors

(1) Members: 13 Directors including 10 outside Directors (as of June 18, 2019)

Name	Position
Kenichiro Yoshida	Director
Hiroki Totoki	Director
Shuzo Sumi	Chairman of the Board Outside Director
Tim Schaaff	Non-Executive Director
Kazuo Matsunaga	Vice Chairman of the Board Outside Director
Koichi Miyata	Outside Director
John V. Roos	Outside Director
Eriko Sakurai	Outside Director
Kunihito Minakawa	Outside Director
Toshiko Oka	Outside Director
Sakie Akiyama	Outside Director
Wendy Becker	Outside Director
Yoshihiko Hatanaka	Outside Director

Under the Companies Act, the term of office of Directors expires at the conclusion of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held with respect to the last business year ending within one year after their election.

(2) Purpose/Authority

The primary roles of the Board are to: (a) determine Sony’s fundamental management policies; (b) oversee the management of Sony’s business operations as an entity independent from Sony’s management; (c) appoint and dismiss the statutory committee members; (d) appoint and dismiss Senior Executives including Corporate Executive Officers; and (e) appoint and dismiss Representative Corporate Executive Officers.

For the matters to be decided by the Board and the matters to be reported to the Board, refer to Appendices 1 and 2 of the Charter of the Board of Directors (the “Board Charter”) attached as Exhibit 1.3 hereto.

(3) Policy on Composition of the Board

With a view toward securing effective input and oversight by the Board, the Nominating Committee reviews and selects candidates for the Board with the aim of assuring that a substantial part of the Board is comprised of qualified outside Directors that satisfy the independence requirements established by Sony and by law. The Nominating Committee selects candidates that it views as well-suited to be Directors in light of the Board’s purpose of enhancing Sony’s corporate value. The Nominating Committee broadly considers various relevant factors, including a candidate’s capabilities (such as the candidate’s experience, achievements, expertise and international fluency), availability, and independence, as well as diversity in the boardroom, the appropriate size of the Board, and the knowledge, experiences and talent needed for the role. Under the Board Charter, Sony Corporation also requires that the Board consist of not fewer than 10 Directors and not more than 20 Directors. In addition, since 2005 the majority of the members of the Board have been outside Directors.

(4) Qualifications for Directors and Limitation of Re-election

The qualifications for Directors of Sony Corporation under the Board Charter are generally as summarized below. As of June 18, 2019, all Directors satisfy the qualifications for Directors as set forth below, and all outside Directors satisfy the additional qualifications for outside Directors and are also qualified and designated as Independent Directors under the Securities Listing Regulations of the Tokyo Stock Exchange.

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All Directors must meet the qualifications below:

(a) He/she shall not be a director, a statutory auditor, a corporate executive officer, a general manager or other employee of any company in competition with Sony in any of Sony’s principal businesses (a “Competing Company”) or own 3% or more of the shares of any Competing Company.

(b) He/she shall not be or have been a representative partner or partner of Sony’s independent auditor the past three years before being nominated as a Director.

(c) He/she shall not have any connection with any matter that may cause a material conflict of interest in performing the duties of a Director.

Outside Directors must meet the additional qualifications below:

(a) He/she shall not have received directly from Sony, during any consecutive twelve-month period within the last three years, more than an amount equivalent to U.S. $120,000, other than Director and committee fees and pension or other forms of deferred compensation for prior service (provided such compensation is not contingent in any way on continued service).

(b) He/she shall not be an executive director, corporate executive officer, general manager or other employee of any company whose aggregate amount of transactions with Sony, in any of the last three fiscal years, exceeds the greater of an amount equivalent to U.S. $1,000,000, or two percent of the annual consolidated sales of such company.

For additional requirements for outside Directors under the Companies Act, refer to “Item 16G. Disclosure About Differences in Corporate Governance”.

Also, each outside Director may, by resolution of the Nominating Committee, be nominated as a Director candidate for re-election five times, and thereafter by resolution of the Nominating Committee and by consent of all of the Directors. Even with consent of all of the Directors, in no event may any outside Director be re-elected more than eight times.

(5) Matters related to Outside Directors

Sony Corporation expects that each outside Director play an important role in ensuring proper business decisions by Sony and effective input and oversight by the Board through actively exchanging opinions and having discussions about Sony’s business based on his or her various and broad experience, knowledge and expertise. Considering these expectations, the policy and procedures on the election of Director candidates, including independent outside Director candidates, are set forth as described above. As of June 18, 2019, the Board has 13 Directors, ten of whom are outside Directors. The Chairman of the Board is an outside Director; the Nominating Committee has five Directors, four of whom are outside Directors; the Compensation Committee has three Directors, all of whom are outside Directors; and the Audit Committee has four Directors, all of whom are outside Directors.

Pursuant to the Articles of Incorporation, Sony Corporation has entered into a liability limitation agreement with all non-executive Directors including outside Directors. A summary of such liability limitation agreement is as follows:

(i) In a case where a non-executive Director is liable to the company after the execution of the liability limitation agreement for damages pursuant to Article 423, Paragraph 1 of the Companies Act, such liabilities shall be limited to the greater of either 30 million yen or an amount equal to the aggregate sum of the amounts prescribed in each item of Article 425, Paragraph 1 of the Companies Act, only where the non-executive Director acted in good faith without any gross negligence in performing his/her duties as a Director of the company.

(ii) In a case where a non-executive Director is reelected as a non-executive Director of the company and reassumes his/her office as such on the expiration of the term of his/her office as a non-executive Director of the company, the liability limitation agreement shall continue to be effective after the reelection and re-assumption without any action or formality.

(6) Policy and Procedure for Selection and Dismissal of Senior Executives

Sony Corporation has appointed Corporate Executive Officers including the CEO and other officers that assume important roles for the management of Sony as Senior Executives.

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The Board, a majority of which is comprised of independent outside Directors, has the authority to appoint and dismiss Senior Executives, including the CEO, and assign the roles and responsibilities of Senior Executives. In making decisions on the appointment of Senior Executives, including the CEO, the Board considers whether candidates for CEO meet certain qualifications for the CEO position which are set by the Nominating Committee and whether candidates for other Senior Executives have the necessary skills, capabilities, experiences and achievements that correspond to such Senior Executive’s expected roles and responsibilities.

The tenure of Senior Executives, including the CEO, is one year. The Board determines their re-appointment upon the expiration of each term considering the factors described above as well as their latest performance. The Board dismisses a Senior Executive, as necessary, in the event that the Board recognizes such Senior Executive is disqualified after discussions amongst the members of the Board or the Nominating Committee, even in the middle of the term for such Senior Executive.

Nominating Committee

(1) Members: 5 Directors including 4 outside Directors (as of June 18, 2019)

Name	Position
Shuzo Sumi	Chairman of the Nominating Committee (Outside Director)
Koichi Miyata	Nominating Committee Member (Outside Director)
John V. Roos	Nominating Committee Member (Outside Director)
Yoshihiko Hatanaka	Nominating Committee Member (Outside Director)
Kenichiro Yoshida	Nominating Committee Member (Director)

(2) Purpose/Authority

The primary roles of the Nominating Committee are to: (a) determine the content of proposals to be submitted for approval at the General Meeting of Shareholders regarding the appointment and dismissal of Directors and (b) evaluate management succession plans, which the CEO develops, for the CEO and other executives designated by the Nominating Committee.

The Nominating Committee determines the content of proposals regarding the appointment and dismissal of Directors, considering the policy on composition of the Board, the qualifications for Directors and the limitation of re-election of Directors described above.

(3) Policy of Composition of the Nominating Committee

Under the Companies Act, the Nominating Committee must consist of at least three Directors, the majority of whom must be outside Directors. In addition, under the Board Charter, at least one Director of the Nominating Committee shall be a Corporate Executive Officer and the chair is to be selected from among the outside Directors. In determining whether to appoint or remove a member of the Nominating Committee, continuity of the Nominating Committee shall be duly taken into account. As of June 18, 2019, the Nominating Committee is comprised of five Directors, four of whom are outside Directors.

To enhance collaboration between the Nominating Committee and the Compensation Committee, some of the outside Directors become members of both Committees, and as such the evaluation results made by the Compensation Committee of executives who are subject to succession plans are shared with the Nominating Committee. This collaboration allows the Nominating Committee to effectively judge the appropriateness of appointment and removal of the subject executives and allows the Compensation Committee to effectively determine the amount and contents of his/her individual compensation.

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(4) Management Succession Plans

The Nominating Committee evaluates the succession plans for the CEO and other executives designated by the Nominating Committee and the implementation of such plans, and reports its evaluation results to the Board, as appropriate.

For such evaluations, the CEO periodically reports the draft succession plans to the Nominating Committee and the Nominating Committee reviews such plans. As a part of such review, the Nominating Committee considers the development or promotion of the next generation’s management and evaluates whether such plan is prepared in a reasonable manner in light of Sony’s purpose to create sustainable social value and to enhance the corporate value over the mid- to long-term.

Audit Committee

(1) Members: 4 outside Directors (as of June 18, 2019)

Name	Position
Kazuo Matsunaga	Chairman of the Audit Committee (Outside Director)
Kunihito Minakawa	Audit Committee Member (Outside Director)
Toshiko Oka	Audit Committee Member (Outside Director)
Sakie Akiyama	Audit Committee Member (Outside Director)

(2) Purpose/Authority

The primary roles of the Audit Committee are to: (a) monitor the performance of duties by Directors and Corporate Executive Officers and (b) oversee and evaluate the independent auditor.

(3) Policy of Composition of the Audit Committee

Under the Companies Act, the Audit Committee must consist of at least three Directors, the majority of whom must be outside Directors. In addition, under the Board Charter, each member of the Audit Committee (“Audit Committee Member”) must satisfy all of the following qualifications: (a) he/she shall not be a Director engaged in the business operations of Sony or any of its subsidiaries, a Corporate Executive Officer, an accounting counselor, a general manager or other employee of Sony and (b) he/she shall meet the independence requirements or such other equivalent requirements of the U.S. securities laws and regulations as may from time to time be applicable to Sony Corporation. The chair is to be selected from among the outside Directors. The Audit Committee Members shall be selected from among the persons who possess appropriate experience and talent as well as the necessary finance, accounting and legal knowledge to serve on the Audit Committee. No Audit Committee Member shall become, as a general rule, a member of the Nominating Committee or the Compensation Committee. In determining whether to appoint or remove the Audit Committee Member, continuity of the Audit Committee shall be duly taken into account.

Moreover, at least one Audit Committee Member shall meet the audit committee financial expert requirements or such other equivalent requirements of the U.S. securities laws and regulations as may from time to time be applicable to Sony Corporation. The Board makes a determination on whether or not such Audit Committee Members meet these requirements. As of June 18, 2019, the Audit Committee is comprised of four outside Directors, two of whom (Kunihito Minakawa and Toshiko Oka) are “audit committee financial experts” within the meaning of Item 16A of Form 20-F under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

(4) Policy on Selection of Independent Auditor Candidates and Independence of Independent Auditor

With respect to the candidates for independent auditor nominated by the CEO and other Corporate Executive Officers, the Audit Committee evaluates the nomination, prior to making a decision on the candidates. The Audit Committee continues to evaluate the independence, the qualification and the reasonableness as well as the performance of the independent auditor so appointed.

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Compensation Committee

(1) Members: 3 outside Directors (as of June 18, 2019)

Name	Position
Eriko Sakurai	Chairman of the Compensation Committee (Outside Director)
Koichi Miyata	Compensation Committee Member (Outside Director)
Wendy Becker	Compensation Committee Member (Outside Director)

(2) Purpose/Authority

The primary roles of the Compensation Committee are to: (a) set policy on the content of individual compensation for Directors, Senior Executives and other officers and (b) determine the amount and content of individual compensation of Directors and Senior Executives in accordance with the policy.

For the basic policy regarding Director and Corporate Executive Officer compensation, refer to “Item 6B. Compensation”.

(3) Policy of Composition of the Compensation Committee

Under the Companies Act, the Compensation Committee must consist of at least three Directors, the majority of whom must be outside Directors, and a Director who is a CEO, a Chief Operating Officer or a Chief Financial Officer of Sony Corporation or who holds any equivalent position shall not be a member of the Compensation Committee. In determining whether to appoint or remove a member of the Compensation Committee, continuity of the Compensation Committee shall be duly taken into account. As of June 18, 2019, the Compensation Committee is comprised of three outside Directors.

Senior Executives

(1) Total number of Senior Executives: 15 (including 5 Corporate Executive Officers) (as of June 18, 2019)

(2) Purpose/Authority

The primary roles of Senior Executives are to determine and execute Sony’s business activities in accordance with their roles and responsibilities assigned by the Board.

(3) Delegation of Authority from the Board

The Board determines the fundamental management policies and other material matters related to the operation of Sony’s business. The Board assigns the duties of Senior Executives, including the CEO, by determining the areas over which each Senior Executive is in charge and widely delegates its decision-making authority to the CEO, with a view to promoting timely and efficient decision-making within Sony. The CEO further subdelegates a part of such authority to other Senior Executives.

Other Officers (such as Senior Vice President)

(1) Total number of other officers: 26 (as of June 18, 2019)

(2) Purpose/Authority

The primary roles of other officers are to carry out their assignments within designated areas, such as business units, headquarters functions and/or research and development, in accordance with the fundamental policies determined by the Board and Senior Executives.

Meeting Record and Attendance Record of Outside Directors

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, the Board convened nine times. The Nominating Committee met five times, the Audit Committee met six times and the Compensation Committee met five times. All eleven

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outside Directors, including Takaaki Nimura who retired in June 2018, participated in all meetings of the Board held during their tenure period in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Also, all outside Directors who are members of the Committees participated in all of the meetings of each Committee held during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

Note: Mr. Nicholas Donatiello, Jr. passed away on June 27, 2018, and, accordingly, has not participated in the Board meetings and the Compensation Committee meetings held on and after such date.

Support for Activities of Directors, the Board and the Committees

Sony Corporation engages in various activities to enhance the oversight function of the Board over management’s operation of Sony’s business as follows:

(1) Outside Director Initiatives

The Chairman of the Board is elected from among those Directors that are not also the Representative Corporate Executive Officer, and the Chairman leads the Board’s activities and secures the appropriate cooperation, communication and arrangement among outside Directors and Senior Executives. The Board conducted outside Directors’ meetings, Directors’ corporate strategic workshops with management, site visits by outside Directors and meetings of the Chairman and the CEO. These activities were aimed at securing better understanding by outside Directors of Sony’s business and management’s initiatives and encouraging corporate strategic discussions among Directors.

(2) Secretariat Offices for the Board and each Committee

The company has established the secretariat offices of the Board and each Committee to support the activities of the members and encourage constructive and proactive discussion at the meetings of the Board and each Committee. Each secretariat office endeavors to distribute necessary materials for the meetings in advance and to provide other information such as accounting information, organizational charts, press releases, external analyst reports and credit rating reports, as appropriate. Each secretariat office explains the meeting agenda to the members and provides them with presentation materials in advance of each meeting date and facilitates deliberation in separate meetings or brief sessions depending on the nature of matters to be discussed. Each secretariat office also provides the absent members with a follow up briefing, as appropriate. In addition, each secretariat office shares the annual schedule of the meetings and anticipated agenda items in advance with the members, in order to appropriately set the frequency of meetings and the number of agenda items to be deliberated at each meeting.

(3) Provision of Necessary Information

When the company is requested to provide additional information, each secretariat office endeavors to provide the members such information promptly. Also, each secretariat office verifies appropriately whether requested information is provided smoothly. In the event that the members consult with external specialists, participate in various seminars and so on to perform their duties, the costs and expenses in connection with such activities are borne by the company in accordance with applicable internal rules.

(4) Audit Committee Aide

With the approval of the Board and with the Audit Committee’s consent, the company has established the Audit Committee Aide to support the activities of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee Aide does not concurrently hold positions related to the business operations of Sony and, upon instruction by each Audit Committee member, conducts investigations into and analyses of auditing matters and engages in physical inspections or visiting audits either by him/herself or by cooperating with relevant departments in order to support the Audit Committee.

(5) Policy on Director Training

Newly appointed Directors receive briefings by Senior Executives and outside experts regarding their expected roles and responsibilities, including legal duties, as a Director or a member of the Committees. In addition, newly appointed outside Directors receive briefings about the business, financial status, organization and governance structure of Sony. Also, throughout their tenure, each Director receives compliance-related training in accordance with internal protocols and briefings on matters relevant to each Director’s fulfillment of his/her roles and responsibilities including the current status of Sony’s business.

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Evaluation of the Board and the Committees’ Effectiveness

(1) Policy for Evaluation

Sony Corporation believes that it is important to endeavor to improve the effectiveness of the Board and each Committee in order to support Sony’s business operations and enhance the corporate value of Sony. To achieve this goal, Sony Corporation conducts evaluations of the effectiveness of the Board and of each Committee (the “Evaluation”) at least annually.

(2) Recent Evaluation

From February through April 2019, the Board conducted the Evaluation mainly in respect of the Board and Committee activities in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 (“FY2018”) after confirming that actions proposed in response to the results of the previous Evaluation were appropriately taken. The recent Evaluation was conducted, as the company did with the previous Evaluation, with the support of a third-party evaluation by an outside counsel having expertise in Japanese and global corporate governance practices (the “Outside Counsel”) in order to ensure transparency and objectivity and to obtain professional advice.

(3) Procedures for Recent Evaluation

First, the Board discussed and confirmed that the actions proposed to be taken in response to the results of previous Evaluation were taken, and discussed and confirmed the proposed procedures for the Evaluation for FY2018. Thereafter, the third-party evaluation was conducted by the Outside Counsel in accordance with the following steps:

• Reviewed relevant material, such as the minutes of Board meetings, and attended a Board meeting;

• Confirmed with the Board secretariat office and each Committee’s secretariat office how meetings of the Board and Committees were conducted;

• Gathered responses to a questionnaire from each Director about the current status and practices of the Board and each Committee, such as the composition of the Board, operation of the Board, commitments of each Director, activities of each Committee and procedures of the previous Evaluation;

• Interviewed the Chairman of the Board, newly-appointed Directors, a Director who is concurrently in the position of the CEO, and certain additional Directors about the Board and Committee status and practices; and

• Researched other global companies’ practices in Japan, the United States and Europe, and compared them with the company’s practices.

The Board then received, reviewed and discussed the Outside Counsel’s report on the results of its evaluation. The Board confirmed the effectiveness of the Board and the Committees.

(4) Summary of the Results of Recent Evaluation

The Outside Counsel reported that the Board is established and operated in a manner sufficient to be highly appreciated, based on various points, including the self-evaluation results of the Directors and comparison with benchmarked companies in Japan, the United States and Europe. Following discussion and analysis based on the Outside Counsel’s report, the Board re-affirmed that the Board and each Committee were functioning effectively as of April 2019.

The Outside Counsel also provided examples of potential options, based on other companies’ practices, to help further improve effectiveness of the Board and Committees. The examples include studying the feasibility of having special committees, further enhancing the executive session’s effectiveness, further enhancing disclosure about the compensation system, and further securing diversity of the outside Directors and enhancing disclosure about the same.

(5) Actions in response to the Results of the Evaluation

In order to increase corporate value of Sony, Sony Corporation will take appropriate actions to further enhance functions of the Board and the Committees in response to the results of the Evaluation, as well as various comments and opinions given by Directors and the Outside Counsel during the Evaluation process.

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For reference, after the previous Evaluation conducted from February through April 2018, Sony Corporation took the following actions, among others, to help improve the effectiveness of the Board:

• Enhanced diversity in the boardroom (by newly appointing one non-Japanese and two female Directors as outside Directors);

• Made periodic reports to the Board on ESG (Environment, Social and Governance) related matters;

• Focused on information security continuously through the Director in charge of Information Security;

• Held additional executive sessions; and

• Expanded disclosure on Sony’s appointment/dismissal policy on Senior Executives, including the CEO, and Sony’s policy on succession planning.

Internal Control and Governance Framework

At a Board meeting held on April 26, 2006, the Board reaffirmed the internal control and governance framework in effect as of the date of determination and determined to continue to evaluate and improve such framework going forward, as appropriate. At a Board meeting held on May 13, 2009 and April 30, 2015, the Board amended and updated the internal control and governance framework, and at a Board meeting held on April 26, 2019, the Board reaffirmed such framework in effect and determined to continue to evaluate and improve such framework going forward, as appropriate. These determinations were required by and met the requirements of the Companies Act.

A summary of principal framework in the internal control and governance framework based on the Board determination above is as follows:

(1) Disclosure Control Framework

The securities of Sony Corporation are listed for trading on exchanges in Japan and the U.S. As a result, Sony is obligated to make various disclosures to the public in accordance with applicable securities laws and regulations in those countries. Sony is committed to full compliance with all requirements applicable to its public disclosures. Sony Corporation’s policy on investor relations (“IR”) activities is to aim to disclose accurate information in a timely and fair manner, as well as to endeavor to promote constructive dialogue with shareholders and investors, with a view to maximizing the corporate value by building a relationship of trust with shareholders and investors. Sony Corporation has in place disclosure controls and procedures in support of this policy. All personnel responsible for the preparation of submissions to and filings with the Tokyo Stock Exchange, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and other regulatory entities, or for other public communications made on behalf of Sony, or who provide information as part of that process, have a responsibility to ensure that such disclosures and information are full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable, and in compliance with the established disclosure controls and procedures.

Sony Corporation has established “Disclosure Controls and Procedures,” outlining the process through which potentially material information is reported from important business units, subsidiaries, affiliated companies and corporate divisions and is reviewed and considered for disclosure in light of its materiality to Sony. The “Disclosure Committee,” comprised of officers and senior management of Sony Corporation who are responsible for headquarters functions, assists the CEO and the CFO in establishing and implementing the Disclosure Controls and Procedures and in providing reasonable assurance to the financial reporting.

(2) Risk Management Framework

Each business unit, subsidiary/affiliated company and corporate division of Sony periodically reviews and assesses risks for the area of which it is in charge and works on finding, reporting, reviewing and responding to the risks. In addition, Senior Executives, including the Corporate Executive Officers, of Sony Corporation have established and maintain a system to identify and control risks that may cause losses to Sony regarding the areas of which they are in charge. The Corporate Executive Officer in charge of group risk control comprehensively promotes and manages the establishment and maintenance of the systems as stated above through the activities with related departments.

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D. Employees

As of March 31, 2019, Sony had approximately 114,400 employees, a decrease of approximately 2,900 employees from March 31, 2018. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, although there was an increase of employees in the Semiconductors and Financial Services segments, there was a significant decrease of employees in the Electronics and All Other segments mainly due to the restructuring of the Mobile business and Disc business. Approximately 13% of the total number of employees were members of labor unions.

As of March 31, 2018, Sony had approximately 117,300 employees, a decrease of approximately 11,100 employees from March 31, 2017. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, although there was an increase of employees in the Financial Services and Pictures segments, there was a significant decrease of employees in the Electronics segment mainly due to the transfer of the battery business. Approximately 14% of the total number of employees were members of labor unions. As of March 31, 2017, Sony had approximately 128,400 employees, an increase of approximately 3,100 employees from March 31, 2016. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, there was an increase of employees mainly in the Electronics segment due to an increase at manufacturing sites in Asia Pacific, and Japan due to the acquisition of the semiconductor business from Toshiba Corporation. Approximately 20% of the total number of employees were members of labor unions.

The following table shows the number of employees of Sony by segment and region as of March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019.

Number of Employees by Segment and Region

	March 31
	2017		2018		2019
By segment:
Electronics*		91,100		77,400		75,600
Music		8,200		8,200		8,500
Pictures		9,000		9,800		9,300
Financial Services		10,100		11,400		11,800
All Other		4,600		5,300		4,000
Unallocated — Corporate employees		5,400		5,200		5,200
By region:
Japan		51,400		51,500		52,200
Outside of Japan		77,000		65,800		62,200
Total		128,400		117,300		114,400

* The term “Electronics” refers to the sum of the G&NS, HE&S, IP&S, MC and Semiconductors segments.

In addition, the average number of employees for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 calculated by averaging the total number of employees at the end of each quarter, was approximately 128,000, 118,900 and 116,000 respectively.

Sony generally considers its labor relations to be good.

In Japan, Sony Corporation and several subsidiaries have labor unions.

In Electronics, Sony owns many manufacturing sites, particularly in Asia, where a few sites have labor unions that have union contracts. In China, most employees are members of labor unions. In the Americas, some manufacturing sites have labor unions. Sony has generally maintained good relationships with these labor unions. In Europe, Sony also maintains good labor relations with the European Works Council and the local Unions and Works Councils.

In the Music segment, Sony has several labor unions and generally considers its labor relations to be good.

In the Pictures segment, Sony also generally considers its labor relations to be good. A number of Pictures’ subsidiaries are signatories to union contracts. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, negotiations were successfully concluded with the International Alliance of Theatrical and Stage Employees (“IATSE”) for the Basic Agreement, its Local Agreements in Los Angeles, and its Area Standards Agreement. Each of the new IATSE agreements are for a three-year term. New three-year deals were also reached with the Communication Workers of America covering parking production assistants in New York, the Screen Actors Guild for its Animation Agreement, the Teamsters for agreements covering drivers in Los Angeles and Miami, and for

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agreements covering Location Managers and Casting Directors in New York and Los Angeles. In addition, agreements, each with a three-year term, were reached with the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Local 40, the Southern California District Council of Laborers and its affiliate, Studio Utility Employees, Local 724, the Operative Plasterers and Cement Masons International Association of the United States and Canada, Local 755, the United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipe Fitting Industry of the United States and Canada, Local 78, the IATSE Mechanics Local and Art Directors Local in New York, the Alliance of Canadian Cinema, Television and Radio Artists (“ACTRA”), the Canadian Film and Television Production Association (“CFTPA”) and the L’Association Des Producteurs De Films Et De Television Du Quebec (“APFTQ”).

Sony continuously strives to provide competitive wages and benefits and good working conditions for all of its employees.

E. Share Ownership

The total number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by Directors and Corporate Executive Officers (13 people) listed in “Directors and Senior Management” above was approximately 0.017 percent of the total shares outstanding as of May 28, 2019.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony granted stock acquisition rights, which represent rights to subscribe for shares of Common Stock, to Corporate Executive Officers and employees of Sony Corporation as well as directors, officers and employees of its subsidiaries. The stock acquisition rights cannot be exercised for one year from the date of grant and generally vest ratably up to three years from the date of grant and are generally exercisable up to ten years from the date of grant. The following table shows the portion of those stock acquisition rights which were granted by Sony to Directors and Corporate Executive Officers as of May 28, 2019 and which were outstanding as of the same date.

Year granted (Fiscal year ended March 31)	Total number of shares subject to stock acquisition rights		Exercise price per share
	(in thousands)
2019		230	6,440 yen
2018		200	45.73 U.S. dollars
2018		208	5,231 yen
2017		300	31.06 U.S. dollars
2017		298	3,364 yen
2016		200	27.51 U.S. dollars
2016		58	3,404 yen
2015		100	20.67 U.S. dollars
2015		130	2,410.5 yen
2014		14	2,007 yen
2013		3	932 yen
2012		8	1,523 yen
2011		5	2,945 yen
2010		2	2,595 yen

Regarding the above compensation plans, refer to Note 17 of the consolidated financial statements.

Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

A. Major Shareholders

As of March 31, 2019, there were 1,271,230,341 shares of Common Stock outstanding, including 20,483,474 shares of treasury stock. Out of the total outstanding shares, 117,903,577 shares were in the form of ADRs and 249,282,465 shares were held of record in the form of Common Stock by residents in the U.S. As of March 31, 2019, the number of registered ADR holders was 5,152 and the number of registered holders of Common Stock in the U.S. was 370.

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The Financial Instruments and Exchange Act of Japan requires any person who solely or jointly owns more than 5% of total issued voting shares of a company listed on any Japanese stock exchange to file with the Bureau a Bulk Shareholding Report. The following table summarizes the Bulk Shareholding Reports related to Sony (each a “Report”) submitted to the Bureau, where it is reported that ownership percentage by the reported entity exceeds 5% in the most recent updated Report. The Reports do not specify whether reported ownership is direct or beneficial.

Date of Report*	Reported entities	Reported number of direct or indirect owned and deemed owned shares**		Reported percentage of direct or indirect owned and deemed owned shares**
March 22, 2017	BlackRock Japan Co., Ltd.		79,184,569		6.27
February 21, 2019	Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Asset Management Co., Ltd.		69,823,387		5.49

* The table above contains information from the most recent updated Reports.

** Shares issuable or transferable upon exchange of exchangeable securities, conversion of convertible securities or exercise of warrants or stock acquisition rights (including those incorporated in bonds with stock acquisition rights) are taken into account in determining both the size of the reported entity’s holding and Sony’s total issued share capital.

To the knowledge of Sony Corporation, it is not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by any other corporation, by any foreign government or by any other natural or legal person either severally or jointly. As far as is known to Sony Corporation, there are no arrangements the operation of which may, at a subsequent date, result in a change in control of Sony Corporation.

To the knowledge of Sony Corporation, there were no significant changes in the percentage ownership held by any other major beneficial shareholders during the past three fiscal years. Major shareholders of Sony Corporation do not have different voting rights from other shareholders.

B. Related Party Transactions

In the ordinary course of business, Sony purchases materials, supplies, and services from numerous suppliers throughout the world, including firms with which certain members of the Board of Directors are affiliated.

In addition, in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, sales to affiliates accounted for under the equity method totaled 41.4 billion yen and purchases from those equity affiliates totaled 5.6 billion yen. Although there were 133 equity affiliates accounted for under the equity method at March 31, 2019, there were no individually significant investments.

As of March 31, 2019, Sony had accounts receivable, trade of 12.4 billion yen due from its equity affiliates and had accounts payable, trade of 1.1 billion yen due to its equity affiliates. Due to the size of these transactions, Sony does not consider the amount involved to be material to its business. Refer to Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding Sony’s investments in and transactions with equity affiliates.

C. Interests of Experts and Counsel

Not Applicable

Item 8. Financial Information

A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

Refer to the consolidated financial statements and the notes of the consolidated financial statements.

Legal Proceedings

Beginning in 2009, the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”), the European Commission and certain other governmental agencies outside the United States have conducted investigations relating to competition in the optical disk drives market. Sony Corporation and/or certain of its subsidiaries have been subject to these investigations. Sony understands that these investigations have ended. However, proceedings initiated by the

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European Commission as a result of its investigation continue. In October 2015, the European Commission adopted a decision in which it fined Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries 31 million euros; however, Sony filed an appeal against the decision with the European Union’s General Court. In addition, a number of direct and indirect purchaser lawsuits, including class actions, have been filed in certain jurisdictions in which the plaintiffs allege that Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries violated antitrust laws and seek recovery of damages and other remedies. Most of these lawsuits have been settled, including the class actions brought by the direct and indirect purchasers in the United States; however, certain lawsuits continue. Based on the stage of the pending proceedings, it is not possible to estimate the amount of losses or range of possible losses, if any, that might ultimately result from adverse judgments, settlements or other resolution of all of these matters.

Since 2011, in relation to the secondary batteries business that was operated by Sony and certain of its subsidiaries, a number of direct and indirect purchaser lawsuits, including class actions, have been filed in certain jurisdictions in which the plaintiffs allege that Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries violated antitrust laws and seek recovery of damages and other remedies. Most of these lawsuits have been settled, including the class actions brought by the direct and indirect purchasers in the United States; however, certain lawsuits are still pending. Based on the stage of the pending proceedings, it is not possible to estimate the amount of losses or range of possible losses, if any, that might ultimately result from adverse judgments, settlements or other resolution of all of these matters.

In addition, Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries are defendants or otherwise involved in other pending legal and regulatory proceedings. However, based upon the information currently available, Sony believes that the outcome from such legal and regulatory proceedings would not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Dividend Policy

Sony believes that continuously increasing corporate value and providing dividends are essential to rewarding shareholders. It is Sony’s policy to utilize retained earnings, after ensuring the perpetuation of stable dividends, to carry out various investments that contribute to an increase in corporate value, such as those that ensure future growth and strengthen competitiveness. Going forward, Sony will determine the amount of dividends based on an overall consideration of Sony’s consolidated operating results, financial condition and future business expectations.

A fiscal year-end dividend of 20 yen per share of Common Stock of Sony Corporation was approved at the Board of Directors meeting held on April 26, 2019 and the payment of such dividend started on May 29, 2019. Sony Corporation has already paid an interim dividend for Common Stock of 15 yen per share to each shareholder; accordingly, the total annual dividend per share of Common Stock for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 is 35 yen.

B. Significant Changes

No significant change has occurred since the date of the annual financial statements included in this annual report.

Item 9. The Offer and Listing

A. Offer and Listing Details

Trading Markets

The principal trading markets for Sony Corporation’s ordinary shares are the TSE in the form of Common Stock and the NYSE in the form of American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) evidenced by American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”). Each ADS represents one share of Common Stock.

Sony Corporation’s Common Stock, with no par value per share, has been listed on the TSE since 1958 under the stock code “6758.”

Sony Corporation’s ADRs have been traded in the U.S. since 1961 and have been listed on the NYSE since 1970 under the ticker symbol “SNE.” Sony Corporation’s ADRs are issued and exchanged by Citibank, N.A., as the Depositary.

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B. Plan of Distribution

Not Applicable

C. Markets

Please refer to Item 9 A “Offer and Listing Details.”

D. Selling Shareholders

Not Applicable

E. Dilution

Not Applicable

F. Expenses of the Issue

Not Applicable

Item 10. Additional Information

A. Share Capital

Not Applicable

B. Memorandum and Articles of Association

Organization

Sony Corporation is a joint stock corporation (Kabushiki Kaisha) incorporated in Japan under the Companies Act (Kaishaho) of Japan. It is registered in the Commercial Register (Shogyo Tokibo) maintained by the Minato Branch Office of the Tokyo Legal Affairs Bureau.

Objects and purposes

The Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation provide that its purpose is to engage in the following business activities:

(i) manufacture and sale of electronic and electrical machines and equipment, medical instruments, optical instruments and other equipment, machines and instruments;

(ii) planning, production and sale of audio-visual software and computer software programs;

(iii) manufacture and sale of metal industrial products, chemical industrial products and ceramic industrial products, textile products, paper products and wood-crafted articles, daily necessities, foodstuffs and toys, transportation machines and equipment, and petroleum and coal products;

(iv) real estate activities, construction business, transportation business and warehousing business;

(v) publishing business and printing business;

(vi) advertising agency business, insurance agency business, broadcasting enterprise, recreation business such as travel, management of sporting facilities, etc. and other service enterprises;

(vii) financial business;

(viii) Type I and Type II telecommunications business under the Telecommunications Business Law;

(ix) investing in stocks and bonds, etc.;

(x) manufacture, sale, export and import of products which are incidental to or related to those mentioned above;

(xi) rendering of services related to those mentioned above;

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(xii) investment in businesses mentioned above operated by other companies or persons; and

(xiii) all businesses which are incidental to or related to those mentioned above.

Directors

Under the Companies Act, because Sony Corporation has adopted the “Company with Three Committees” system, Directors have no power to execute the business of Sony Corporation except in limited circumstances as permitted by law. If a Director also serves concurrently as a Corporate Executive Officer, then he or she can execute the business of Sony Corporation in the capacity of Corporate Executive Officer. Under the Companies Act, Directors must refrain from engaging in any business competing with Sony Corporation unless approved by the Board of Directors, and any Director who has a material interest in the subject matter of a resolution to be taken by the Board of Directors cannot vote on such resolution. The amount of remuneration to each Director is determined by the Compensation Committee, which consists of Directors, the majority of whom are outside Directors (Refer to “Board Practices” in “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees”). No member of the Compensation Committee may vote on a resolution with respect to his or her own compensation as a Director or a Corporate Executive Officer.

Neither the Companies Act nor Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation make a special provision as to the borrowing powers exercisable by Directors (subject to requisite internal authorizations as required by the Companies Act), their retirement age, or a requirement to hold any shares of capital stock of Sony Corporation.

For more information on Directors, refer to “Board Practices” in “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees.”

Capital stock

(General)

Unless indicated otherwise, set forth below is information relating to Sony Corporation’s capital stock, including brief summaries of the relevant provisions of Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation and Share Handling Regulations, currently in effect, and of the Companies Act and related regulations.

On January 5, 2009, a central book-entry transfer system for shares of Japanese listed companies was established pursuant to the Act Concerning Book-entry Transfer of Corporate Bonds, Shares, etc. (including regulations promulgated thereunder, “Book-entry Transfer Act”), and this system is applied to the shares of Common Stock of Sony Corporation. Under this system, shares of all Japanese companies listed on any Japanese stock exchange are dematerialized, and shareholders must have accounts at account management institutions to hold their shares unless such shareholder has an account at Japan Securities Depository Center, Inc. (“JASDEC”). “Account management institutions” are financial instruments traders (i.e., securities companies), banks, trust companies and certain other financial institutions that meet the requirements prescribed by the Book-entry Transfer Act. Transfer of the shares of Common Stock of Sony Corporation is effected exclusively through entry in the records maintained by JASDEC and the account management institutions, and title to the shares passes to the transferee at the time when the transfer of the shares is recorded at the transferee’s account at an account management institution. The holder of an account at an account management institution is presumed to be the legal holder of the shares recorded in such account.

Under the Companies Act and the Book-entry Transfer Act, in order to assert shareholders’ rights against Sony Corporation, a shareholder of shares must have its name and address registered in Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders. Under the central book-entry transfer system operated by JASDEC, shareholders shall notify the relevant account management institutions of certain information prescribed under the Book-entry Transfer Act or Sony Corporation’s Share Handling Regulations, including their names and addresses, and the registration on Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders is updated upon receipt by Sony Corporation of necessary information from JASDEC (as described in “(Record date)”). On the other hand, in order to assert, against Sony Corporation, shareholders’ rights to which shareholders are entitled, regardless of whether such shareholder held shares on the requisite record date, such as minority shareholders’ rights, including the right to propose a matter to be considered at a General Meeting of Shareholders, except for shareholders’ rights to request that Sony Corporation purchase or sell shares constituting less than a full unit (as described in “(Unit share system)”), JASDEC shall, upon the shareholder’s request, issue a notice of certain information, including the name and address of such shareholder, to Sony Corporation.

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Thereafter, such shareholder is required to present Sony Corporation a receipt of the notice request in accordance with the Sony Corporation’s Share Handling Regulations. Under the Book-entry Transfer Act, the shareholder shall exercise such shareholders’ right within four weeks after the notice above has been given to Sony Corporation.

Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation is the transfer agent for Sony Corporation’s capital stock. As such, it keeps Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders in its office at 4-5, Marunouchi 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo.

Non-resident shareholders are required to appoint a standing proxy in Japan or file notice of a mailing address in Japan. Notices from Sony Corporation to non-resident shareholders are delivered to such standing proxies or mailing address. Japanese securities companies and commercial banks customarily act as standing proxies and provide related services for standard fees. The recorded holder of deposited shares underlying the ADSs is the depositary for the ADSs. Accordingly, holders of ADSs will not be able to directly assert shareholders’ rights against Sony Corporation.

(Authorized capital)

Under the Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation, Sony Corporation may only issue shares of Common Stock. Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation provide that the total number of shares authorized to be issued by Sony Corporation is 3.6 billion shares.

All shares of capital stock of Sony Corporation have no par value. All issued shares are fully-paid and non-assessable.

(Distribution of Surplus)

Distribution of Surplus — General

Under the Companies Act, distributions of cash or other assets by joint stock corporations to their shareholders, so called “dividends,” are referred to as “distributions of Surplus” (“Surplus” is defined in “— Restriction on distribution of Surplus”). Sony Corporation may make distributions of Surplus to shareholders any number of times per business year, subject to certain limitations described in “— Restriction on distribution of Surplus.” Distributions of Surplus are required in principle to be authorized by a resolution of a General Meeting of Shareholders, but Sony Corporation may authorize distributions of Surplus by a resolution of the Board of Directors as long as its non-consolidated annual financial statements and certain documents for the last business year present fairly its assets and profit or loss, as required by ordinances of the Ministry of Justice.

Distributions of Surplus may be made in cash or in kind in proportion to the number of shares of Common Stock held by each shareholder. A resolution of the Board of Directors or a General Meeting of Shareholders authorizing a distribution of Surplus must specify the kind and aggregate book value of the assets to be distributed, the manner of allocation of such assets to shareholders, and the effective date of the distribution. If a distribution of Surplus is to be made in kind, Sony Corporation may, pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors or (as the case may be) a General Meeting of Shareholders, grant a right to the shareholders to require Sony Corporation to make such distribution in cash instead of in kind. If no such right is granted to shareholders, the relevant distribution of Surplus must be approved by a special resolution of a General Meeting of Shareholders (refer to “(Voting rights)” with respect to a “special resolution”).

Under the Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation, year-end dividends and interim dividends may be distributed in cash to shareholders appearing in Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders as of March 31 and September 30 each year, respectively, in proportion to the number of shares of Common Stock held by each shareholder following approval by the Board of Directors or (as the case may be) the General Meeting of Shareholders. Sony Corporation is not obliged to pay any dividends in cash unclaimed for a period of five years after the date on which they first became payable.

In Japan, the ex-dividend date and the record date for dividends precede the date of determination of the amount of the dividends to be paid. The price of the shares of Common Stock generally goes ex-dividend on the second business day prior to the record date (or if the record date is not a business day, the third business day prior thereto); provided, however, that, in connection with the scheduled shortening of the settlement period of shares listed on any stock exchange in Japan, the ex-dividend date for any dividend, the record date of which is on or after July 18, 2019 (subject to change upon further confirmation), is expected to be changed to the first business day prior to the record date (or if the record date is not a business day, the second business day prior thereto).

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Distribution of Surplus — Restriction on distribution of Surplus

In making a distribution of Surplus, Sony Corporation must, until the sum of its additional paid-in capital and legal reserve reaches one quarter of its stated capital, set aside in its additional paid-in capital and/or legal reserve an amount equal to one-tenth of the amount of Surplus so distributed.

The amount of Surplus at any given time must be calculated in accordance with the following formula:

A + B + C + D - (E + F + G)

In the above formula:

“A” =	the total amount of other capital surplus and other retained earnings, each such amount being that appearing on the non-consolidated balance sheet as of the end of the last business year
“B” =	(if Sony Corporation has disposed of its treasury stock after the end of the last business year) the amount of the consideration for such treasury stock received by Sony Corporation less the book value thereof
“C” =	(if Sony Corporation has reduced its stated capital after the end of the last business year) the amount of such reduction less the portion thereof that has been transferred to additional paid-in capital or legal reserve (if any)
“D” =	(if Sony Corporation has reduced its additional paid-in capital or legal reserve after the end of the last business year) the amount of such reduction less the portion thereof that has been transferred to stated capital (if any)
“E” =	(if Sony Corporation has cancelled its treasury stock after the end of the last business year) the book value of such treasury stock
“F” =	(if Sony Corporation has distributed Surplus to its shareholders after the end of the last business year) the total book value of the Surplus so distributed
“G” =	certain other amounts set forth in ordinances of the Ministry of Justice, including (if Sony Corporation has reduced Surplus and increased its stated capital, additional paid-in capital or legal reserve after the end of the last business year) the amount of such reduction and (if Sony Corporation has distributed Surplus to the shareholders after the end of the last business year) the amount set aside in additional paid-in capital or legal reserve (if any) as required by ordinances of the Ministry of Justice.

The aggregate book value of Surplus distributed by Sony Corporation may not exceed a prescribed distributable amount (the “Distributable Amount”), as calculated on the effective date of such distribution. The Distributable Amount at any given time shall be equal to the amount of Surplus less the aggregate of the following:

(a) the book value of its treasury stock;

(b) the amount of consideration for any of treasury stock disposed of by Sony Corporation after the end of the last business year; and

(c) certain other amounts set forth in ordinances of the Ministry of Justice, including (if the sum of one-half of goodwill and the deferred assets exceeds the total of stated capital, additional paid-in capital and legal reserve, each such amount being that appearing on the non-consolidated balance sheet as of the end of the last business year) all or certain part of such exceeding amount as calculated in accordance with ordinances of the Ministry of Justice.

As Sony Corporation has become a company with respect to which consolidated balance sheets should also be considered in the calculation of the Distributable Amount (renketsu haito kisei tekiyo kaisha), Sony Corporation must further deduct from the amount of Surplus the excess amount, if any, of (x) the total amount of stockholders’ equity appearing on the non-consolidated balance sheet as of the end of the last business year and certain other amounts set forth by an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice over (y) the total amount of stockholders’ equity and certain other amounts set forth by an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice appearing on the consolidated balance sheet as of the end of the last business year.

If Sony Corporation has prepared interim financial statements as described below, and if such interim financial statements have been approved by the Board of Directors or (if so required by the Companies Act) by a

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General Meeting of Shareholders, then the Distributable Amount must be adjusted to take into account the amount of profit or loss, and the amount of consideration for any of the treasury stock disposed of by Sony Corporation, during the period in respect of which such interim financial statements have been prepared. Sony Corporation may prepare non-consolidated interim financial statements consisting of a balance sheet as of any date subsequent to the end of the last business year and an income statement for the period from the first day of the current business year to the date of such balance sheet. Interim financial statements so prepared by Sony Corporation must be audited by the Audit Committee and the independent auditor, as required by the Companies Act and in accordance with the details prescribed by ordinances of the Ministry of Justice.

(Capital and reserves)

Sony Corporation may generally reduce its additional paid-in capital or legal reserve by resolution of a General Meeting of Shareholders and, if so decided by the same resolution, may account for the whole or any part of the amount of such reduction as stated capital. On the other hand, Sony Corporation may generally reduce its stated capital by a special shareholders’ resolution (as defined in “(Voting rights)”) and, if so decided by the same resolution, may account for the whole or any part of the amount of such reduction as additional paid-in capital. In addition, Sony Corporation may reduce its Surplus and increase either (i) stated capital or (ii) additional paid-in capital and/or legal reserve by the same amount, in either case by resolution of a General Meeting of Shareholders.

(Stock splits)

Sony Corporation may at any time split shares in issue into a greater number of shares at the determination of the CEO, and may amend its Articles of Incorporation to increase the number of the authorized shares to be issued to allow such stock split pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors or a determination by a Corporate Executive Officer to whom the authority to make such determination has been delegated by a resolution of the Board of Directors, rather than relying on a special shareholders’ resolution, which is otherwise required for amending the Articles of Incorporation.

When a stock split is to be made, Sony Corporation must give public notice of the stock split, specifying the record date thereof, at least two weeks prior to such record date. Under the central book-entry transfer system operated by JASDEC, Sony Corporation must also give notice to JASDEC regarding a stock split at least two weeks prior to the relevant effective date of the stock split. On the effective date of the stock split, the numbers of shares recorded in all accounts held by Sony Corporation’s shareholders at account managing institutions or JASDEC will be increased in accordance with the applicable ratio.

(Consolidation of shares)

Sony Corporation may at any time consolidate issued shares into a smaller number of shares by a special shareholders’ resolution. When a consolidation of shares is to be made, Sony Corporation must give public notice or notice to each shareholder at least two weeks prior to the effective date of the consolidation of shares. Under the central book-entry transfer system operated by JASDEC, Sony Corporation must also give notice to JASDEC regarding a consolidation of shares at least two weeks prior to the effective date of the consolidation of shares. On the effective date of the consolidation of shares, the numbers of shares recorded in all accounts held by Sony Corporation’s shareholders at account managing institutions or JASDEC will be decreased in accordance with the applicable ratio. Sony Corporation must disclose the reason for the consolidation of shares at a General Meeting of Shareholders.

(General Meeting of Shareholders)

The Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders of Sony Corporation for each business year is normally held in June of each year in Tokyo, Japan. In addition, Sony Corporation may hold an Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders whenever necessary by giving notice thereof at least two weeks prior to the date set for the meeting.

Notice of a shareholders’ meeting setting forth the place, time and purpose thereof must be mailed to each shareholder having voting rights (or, in the case of a non-resident shareholder, to such shareholder’s resident proxy or mailing address in Japan) at least two weeks prior to the date set for the meeting. Under the Companies Act, such notice may be given to shareholders by electronic means, subject to obtaining consent by the relevant shareholders. The record date for an Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders is March 31 of each year.

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Any shareholder or group of shareholders holding at least three percent of the total number of voting rights for a period of six months or more may require the convocation of a General Meeting of Shareholders for a particular purpose. Unless such a shareholders’ meeting is convened promptly or a convocation notice of a meeting which is to be held not later than eight weeks from the day of such demand is dispatched, the requiring shareholder may, upon obtaining a court approval, convene such a shareholders’ meeting.

Any shareholder or group of shareholders holding at least 300 voting rights or one percent of the total number of voting rights for a period of six months or more may propose a matter to be considered at a General Meeting of Shareholders by submitting a written request to Sony Corporation at least eight weeks prior to the date set for such meeting.

If the Articles of Incorporation so provide, any of the minimum voting rights or percentages, time periods and number of voting rights necessary for exercising the minority shareholder rights described above may be decreased or shortened. Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation currently do not include any such provisions.

(Voting rights)

So long as Sony Corporation maintains the unit share system, a holder of shares constituting one or more units is entitled to one vote for each such unit of stock (refer to “(Unit share system)” below; currently 100 shares constitute one unit), except that no voting rights with respect to shares of capital stock of Sony Corporation are afforded to Sony Corporation or any corporate or certain other entities more than one-quarter of the total voting rights of which are directly or indirectly held by Sony Corporation. If Sony Corporation eliminates from its Articles of Incorporation the provisions relating to units of stock, holders of capital stock will have one vote for each share they hold. Except as otherwise provided by law or by the Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation, a resolution can be adopted at a General Meeting of Shareholders by a majority of the number of voting rights of all the shareholders represented at the meeting. The Companies Act and Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation provide, however, that the quorum for the election of Directors shall be one-third of the total number of voting rights of all the shareholders. Sony Corporation’s shareholders are not entitled to cumulative voting in the election of Directors. Shareholders may cast their votes in writing and may also exercise their voting rights through proxies, provided that the proxies are also shareholders holding voting rights. Shareholders may also exercise their voting rights by electronic means pursuant to the method designated by Sony Corporation.

The Companies Act and the Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation provide that in order to amend the Articles of Incorporation and in certain other instances, including:

(1) acquisition of its own shares from a specific party other than its subsidiaries;

(2) consolidation of shares;

(3) any offering of new shares or existing shares held by Sony Corporation as treasury stock at a “specially favorable” price (or any offering of stock acquisition rights to acquire shares of capital stock, or bonds with stock acquisition rights on “specially favorable” conditions) to any persons other than shareholders;

(4) the exemption of liability of a Director, Corporate Executive Officer or independent auditor with certain exceptions;

(5) a reduction of stated capital with certain exceptions;

(6) a distribution of in-kind dividends which meets certain requirements;

(7) dissolution, merger, consolidation, or corporate split with certain exceptions;

(8) the transfer of the whole or a material part of the business;

(9) the transfer of the whole or a part of the shares or equity interests in a subsidiary which meets certain requirements;

(10) the taking over of the whole of the business of any other corporation with certain exceptions; or

(11) share exchange or share transfer for the purpose of establishing 100 percent parent-subsidiary relationships with certain exceptions,

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the quorum shall be one-third of the total number of voting rights of all the shareholders, and the approval by at least two-thirds of the number of voting rights of all the shareholders represented at the meeting is required (the “special shareholders’ resolutions”).

(Issue of additional shares and pre-emptive rights)

Holders of Sony Corporation’s shares of capital stock have no pre-emptive rights under its Articles of Incorporation. Authorized but unissued shares may be issued, or existing shares held by Sony Corporation as treasury stock may be transferred, at such times and upon such terms as the Board of Directors or the CEO determines, subject to the limitations as to the offering of new shares or transfer of existing shares held by Sony Corporation as treasury stock at a “specially favorable” price mentioned under “(Voting rights)” above.

In the case of an issuance of shares (including a transfer of existing shares held by Sony Corporation as treasury stock) or stock acquisition rights whereby any subscriber will hold more than 50 percent of the voting rights of all shareholders, generally Sony Corporation shall give public notice at least two weeks prior to the payment date for such issuance, and if shareholders who hold one-tenth or more of the voting rights of all shareholders dissent from the issuance of shares or stock acquisition rights, the approval by a resolution of a General Meeting of Shareholders is generally required before the payment date pursuant to the Companies Act. In addition, in the case of an issuance of shares (including a transfer of existing shares held by Sony Corporation as treasury stock) or stock acquisition rights by way of an allotment to a third party which would dilute the outstanding voting shares by 25 percent or more or change the controlling shareholder, in addition to a resolution of the Board of Directors, the approval of the shareholders or an affirmative vote from a person independent of the management is generally required pursuant to the rules of the TSE. The Board of Directors or the CEO may, however, determine that shareholders shall be given subscription rights regarding a particular issue of new shares, in which case such rights must be given on uniform terms to all shareholders as of a record date of which not less than two weeks’ prior public notice is given. Each of the shareholders to whom such rights are given must also be given notice of the expiry thereof at least two weeks prior to the date on which such rights expire.

Subject to certain conditions, Sony Corporation may issue stock acquisition rights by a resolution of the Board of Directors or a determination by the CEO. Holders of stock acquisition rights may exercise their rights to acquire a certain number of shares within the exercise period as prescribed in the terms of their stock acquisition rights. Upon exercise of stock acquisition rights, Sony Corporation will be obliged to issue the relevant number of new shares or alternatively to transfer the necessary number of treasury stock held by it.

In cases where a particular issue of new shares or stock acquisition rights (i) violates laws and regulations or Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation, or (ii) will be performed in a materially unfair manner, and shareholders may suffer disadvantages therefrom, such shareholders may file an injunction to enjoin such issue with a court.

(Liquidation rights)

In the event of a liquidation of Sony Corporation, the assets remaining after payment of all debts, liquidation expenses and taxes will be distributed among the holders of shares of Common Stock in proportion to the respective numbers of shares of Common Stock held.

(Record date)

March 31 is the record date for Sony Corporation’s year-end dividends, if declared. So long as Sony Corporation maintains the unit share system, shareholders who are registered as the holders of one or more unit of stock in Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders at the end of each March 31 are also entitled to exercise shareholders’ rights at the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders with respect to the business year ending on such March 31. September 30 is the record date for interim dividends, if declared. In addition, Sony Corporation may set a record date for determining the shareholders entitled to other rights and for other purposes by giving at least two weeks’ prior public notice.

JASDEC is required to promptly give Sony Corporation notice of the names and addresses of Sony Corporation’s shareholders, the numbers of shares of Common Stock held by them and other relevant information as of such respective record dates.

The price of shares generally goes ex-dividends or ex-rights on Japanese stock exchanges on the second business day prior to a record date (or if the record date is not a business day, the third business day prior thereto), for the purpose of dividends or rights offerings. For information regarding the shortening of settlement period and its impact on the ex-dividend date, refer to “(Distribution of Surplus) — Distribution of Surplus — General.”

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(Acquisition by Sony Corporation of its capital stock)

Under the Companies Act and the Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation, Sony Corporation may acquire shares of Common Stock (i) from a specific shareholder other than any of its subsidiaries (pursuant to the special shareholders’ resolution), (ii) from any of its subsidiaries (pursuant to a determination by the CEO as delegated by the Board of Directors), or (iii) by way of purchase on any Japanese stock exchange on which Sony Corporation’s shares of Common Stock are listed or by way of tender offer (pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors, as long as its non-consolidated annual financial statements and certain documents for the last business year present fairly its assets and profit or loss, as required by ordinances of the Ministry of Justice).

In the case of (i) above, any other shareholder may make a request to Sony Corporation that such other shareholder be included as a seller in the proposed purchase, provided that no such right will be available if the purchase price or any other consideration to be received by the relevant specific shareholder will not exceed the last trading price of the shares on the relevant stock exchange on the day immediately preceding the date on which the resolution mentioned in (i) above was adopted (or, if there is no trading in the shares on the stock exchange or if the stock exchange is not open on such day, the price at which the shares are first traded on such stock exchange thereafter).

The total amount of the purchase price of shares of Common Stock may not exceed the Distributable Amount, as described in “(Distribution of Surplus) — Distributions of Surplus — Restriction on distribution of Surplus.”

Shares acquired by Sony Corporation may be held for any period or may be retired at the determination of the CEO. Sony Corporation may also transfer (by public or private sale or otherwise) to any person the treasury stock held by it, subject to a determination by the CEO, and subject also to other requirements similar to those applicable to the issuance of new shares, as described in “(Issue of additional shares and pre-emptive rights)” above. Sony Corporation may also utilize its treasury stock for the purpose of transfer to any person upon exercise of stock acquisition rights or for the purpose of acquiring another company by way of merger, share exchange or corporate split through exchange of treasury stock for shares or assets of the acquired company.

(Unit share system)

The Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation provide that 100 shares constitute one “unit” of shares of stock. The Board of Directors or the Corporate Executive Officer to whom the authority to make such a determination has been delegated by a resolution of the Board of Directors is permitted to amend the Articles of Incorporation to reduce the number of shares that constitute a unit or to abolish the unit share system entirely. Under the Companies Act, the number of shares constituting one unit cannot exceed 1,000 shares nor 0.5 percent of the total number of issued shares.

Under the unit share system, shareholders have one voting right for each unit of stock that they hold. Any number of shares less than one full unit have neither voting rights nor rights related to voting rights. Holders of shares constituting less than one unit will have no other shareholder rights if Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation so provide, except that such holders may not be deprived of certain rights specified in the Companies Act or an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice, including the right to receive distribution of Surplus.

A holder of shares constituting less than one full unit may require Sony Corporation to purchase such shares at their market value in accordance with the provisions of the Share Handling Regulations of Sony Corporation. In addition, the Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation provide that a holder of shares constituting less than one full unit may request Sony Corporation to sell to such holder such amount of shares which will, when added together with the shares constituting less than one full unit, constitute one full unit of stock. Such request by a holder and the sale by Sony Corporation must be made in accordance with the provisions of the Share Handling Regulations of Sony Corporation. As prescribed in the Share Handling Regulations, such requests shall be made through an account management institution and JASDEC pursuant to the rules set by JASDEC, without going through the notification procedure required for the exercise of the shareholders’ rights to which shareholders are entitled, regardless of whether such shareholder held shares on the requisite record date, as described in “(General).” Shares constituting less than a full unit are transferable, under the central book-entry transfer system described in “(General).” Under the rules of the Japanese stock exchanges, however, shares constituting less than a full unit do not comprise a trading unit, except in limited circumstances, and accordingly may not be sold on the Japanese stock exchanges.

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(Sale by Sony Corporation of shares held by shareholders whose location is unknown)

Sony Corporation is not required to send a notice to a shareholder if a notice to such shareholder fails to arrive at the registered address of the shareholder in Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders or at the address otherwise notified to Sony Corporation continuously for five years or more.

In addition, Sony Corporation may sell or otherwise dispose of shares of capital stock for which the location of the shareholder is unknown. Generally, if (i) notices to a shareholder fail to arrive continuously for five years or more at the shareholder’s registered address in Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders or at the address otherwise notified to Sony Corporation, and (ii) the shareholder fails to receive distributions of Surplus on the shares continuously for five years or more at the address registered in Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders or at the address otherwise notified to Sony Corporation, Sony Corporation may sell or otherwise dispose of such shareholder’s shares at the then market price of the shares by a determination of a Corporate Executive Officer and after giving at least three months’ prior public and individual notice, and hold or deposit the proceeds of such sale or disposal of shares for such shareholder.

Reporting of substantial shareholdings

The Financial Instruments and Exchange Act of Japan and its related regulations require any person, regardless of residence, who has become, beneficially and solely or jointly, a holder of more than five percent of the total issued shares of capital stock of a company listed on any Japanese stock exchange or whose shares are traded on the over-the-counter market in Japan to file with the Director General of the competent Local Finance Bureau of the Ministry of Finance within five business days a report concerning such shareholdings. A similar report must also be filed in respect of any subsequent change of one percent or more in any such holding, or any change in material matters set out in reports previously filed, with certain exceptions. For this purpose, shares issuable to such persons upon conversion of convertible securities or exercise of share subscription warrants or stock acquisition rights are taken into account in determining both the number of shares held by such holders and the issuer’s total issued share capital. Any such report shall be filed with the Director General of the relevant Local Finance Bureau of the Ministry of Finance through the Electronic Disclosure for Investors’ Network (EDINET) system.

Except for the general limitation under Japanese anti-trust and anti-monopoly regulations against holding of shares of capital stock of a Japanese corporation which leads or may lead to a restraint of trade or monopoly, except for the limitations under the Foreign Exchange Regulations as described in “D. Exchange Controls” below, and except for general limitations under the Companies Act or Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation on the rights of shareholders applicable regardless of residence or nationality, there is no limitation under Japanese laws and regulations applicable to Sony Corporation or under its Articles of Incorporation on the rights of non-residents or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on the shares of capital stock of Sony Corporation.

There is no provision in Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation or internal regulations that would have an effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of Sony Corporation and that would operate only with respect to merger, acquisition or corporate restructuring involving Sony Corporation.

C. Material Contracts

None

D. Exchange Controls

The Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act of Japan and its related cabinet orders and ministerial ordinances (the “Foreign Exchange Regulations”) govern the acquisition and holding of shares of capital stock of Sony Corporation by “exchange non-residents” and by “foreign investors.” The Foreign Exchange Regulations currently in effect do not, however, affect transactions between exchange non-residents to purchase or sell shares outside Japan using currencies other than Japanese yen.

Exchange non-residents are:

• individuals who do not reside in Japan; and

• corporations whose principal offices are located outside Japan.

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Generally, branches and other offices of non-resident corporations that are located within Japan are regarded as residents of Japan. Conversely, branches and other offices of Japanese corporations located outside Japan are regarded as exchange non-residents.

Foreign investors are:

• individuals who are exchange non-residents;

• corporations that are organized under the laws of foreign countries or whose principal offices are located outside of Japan; and

• corporations (i) 50 percent or more of whose shares are held, directly or indirectly, by individuals who are exchange non-residents and/or corporations (a) that are organized under the laws of foreign countries or (b) whose principal offices are located outside of Japan or (ii) a majority of whose officers, or officers having the power of representation, are individuals who are exchange non-residents.

In general, the acquisition of shares of a Japanese company (such as the shares of capital stock of Sony Corporation) by an exchange non-resident from a resident of Japan is not subject to any prior filing requirements. In certain limited circumstances, however, the Minister of Finance may require prior approval of an acquisition of this type. While prior approval, as described above, is not required, in the case where a resident of Japan transfers shares of a Japanese company (such as the shares of capital stock of Sony Corporation) for consideration exceeding 100 million yen to an exchange non-resident, the resident of Japan who transfers the shares is required to report on the transfer to the Minister of Finance through the Bank of Japan within 20 days from the date of the transfer or the date of the receipt of payment, whichever comes later, unless the transfer was made through a bank or financial instruments business operator registered under Japanese law.

If a foreign investor acquires shares of a Japanese company that is listed on a Japanese stock exchange (such as the shares of capital stock of Sony Corporation) or that is traded on an over-the-counter market in Japan and, as a result of the acquisition, the foreign investor, in combination with any existing holdings, directly or indirectly holds 10 percent or more of the issued shares of the relevant company, the foreign investor, in general, must file a report of the acquisition with the Minister of Finance and any other competent Ministers having jurisdiction over that Japanese company by the 15th day of the month immediately following the month in which such acquisition took place. In limited circumstances, such as where the foreign investor is in a country that is not listed on an exemption schedule in the Foreign Exchange Regulations, or where that Japanese company is engaged in certain businesses designated by the Foreign Exchange Regulations, a prior notification of the acquisition must be filed with the Minister of Finance and any other competent Ministers, who may then modify or prohibit the proposed acquisition.

Under the Foreign Exchange Regulations, dividends paid on and the proceeds from sales in Japan of shares of capital stock of Sony Corporation held by non-residents of Japan may generally be converted into any foreign currency and repatriated abroad.

E. Taxation

The following is a summary of the major Japanese national tax and U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership, acquisition and disposition of shares of Common Stock of Sony Corporation and of ADRs evidencing ADSs representing shares of Common Stock of Sony Corporation by a non-resident of Japan or a non-Japanese corporation without a permanent establishment in Japan. The summary does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to any particular investor, and does not take into account any specific individual circumstances of any particular investor. Accordingly, holders of shares of Common Stock or ADSs of Sony Corporation are encouraged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the considerations discussed below to their particular circumstances.

This summary is based upon the representations of the depositary and the assumption that each obligation in the deposit agreement in relation to the ADSs dated as of October 15, 2014, and in any related agreement, will be performed in accordance with its terms.

For purposes of the income tax convention between Japan and the United States (the “Treaty”) and the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), U.S. holders of ADSs generally will be treated as owning shares of Common Stock of Sony Corporation underlying the ADSs evidenced by the ADRs. For the purposes of the following discussion, a “U.S. holder” is a holder that:

(i) is a resident of the U.S. for purposes of the Treaty;

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(ii) does not maintain a permanent establishment in Japan (a) with which shares of Common Stock or ADSs of Sony Corporation are effectively connected and through which the U.S. holder carries on or has carried on business or (b) of which shares of Common Stock or ADSs of Sony Corporation form part of the business property; and

(iii) is eligible for benefits under the Treaty with respect to income and gain derived in connection with shares of Common Stock or ADSs of Sony Corporation.

The following is a summary of the principal Japanese tax consequences (limited to national taxes) to non-residents of Japan or non-Japanese corporations without a permanent establishment in Japan (“non-resident Holders”) who are holders of shares of Common Stock of Sony Corporation or of ADRs evidencing ADSs representing shares of Common Stock of Sony Corporation. The information given below regarding Japanese taxation is based on the tax laws and tax treaties in force and their interpretations by the Japanese tax authorities as of June 18, 2019. Tax laws and tax treaties as well as their interpretations may change at any time, possibly with retroactive effect. Sony Corporation will not update this summary for any changes in the tax laws or tax treaties or their interpretation that occurs after such date.

Generally, non-resident Holders are subject to Japanese withholding tax on dividends paid by Japanese corporations. Such taxes are withheld prior to payment of dividends as required by Japanese law. Stock splits are, in general, not a taxable event.

In the absence of an applicable tax treaty, convention or agreement reducing the maximum rate of Japanese withholding tax or allowing exemption from Japanese withholding tax, the rate of Japanese withholding tax applicable to dividends paid by Japanese corporations to non-resident Holders is generally 20.42 percent, provided, with respect to dividends paid on listed shares issued by a Japanese corporation (such as the shares of Common Stock or ADSs of Sony Corporation) to non-resident Holders other than any individual shareholder who holds 3 percent or more of the total shares issued by the relevant Japanese corporation, the aforementioned 20.42 percent withholding tax rate is reduced to 15.315 percent for dividends due and payable on or before December 31, 2037. Due to the imposition of a special additional withholding tax (2.1 percent of the original withholding tax amount) to secure funds for reconstruction from the Great East Japan Earthquake, the original withholding tax rates of 15 percent and 20 percent as applicable, have been effectively increased to 15.315 percent and 20.42 percent, respectively, until December 31, 2037.

As of the date of this document, Japan has income tax treaties, conventions or agreements in force, whereby the above-mentioned withholding tax rate is reduced, in most cases to 15 percent or 10 percent for portfolio investors (15 percent under the income tax treaties with, among other countries, Belgium (until 2019), Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore and Spain, and 10 percent under the income tax treaties with, among other countries, Australia, Austria, Belgium (from 2020), France, Hong Kong, the Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, the U.K. and the United States). Under the Treaty, the maximum rate of Japanese withholding tax that may be imposed on dividends paid by a Japanese corporation to a U.S. holder that does not own directly or indirectly at least 10 percent of the voting stock of the Japanese corporation is generally reduced to 10 percent of the gross amount actually distributed, and dividends paid by a Japanese corporation to a U.S. holder that is a pension fund are exempt from Japanese income taxation by way of withholding or otherwise unless such dividends are derived from the carrying on of a business, directly or indirectly, by such pension fund.

If the maximum tax rate provided for in the income tax treaty applicable to dividends paid by Sony Corporation to any particular non-resident Holder is lower than the withholding tax rate otherwise applicable under Japanese tax law, or if any particular non-resident Holder is exempt from Japanese income tax with respect to such dividends under the income tax treaty applicable to such particular non-resident Holder, such non-resident Holder who is entitled to a reduced rate of or exemption from Japanese withholding tax on payment of dividends on shares of Common Stock by Sony Corporation is, in principle, required to submit an Application Form for Income Tax Convention Regarding Relief from Japanese Income Tax and Special Income Tax for Reconstruction on Dividends (together with any other required forms and documents) in advance through the withholding agent to the relevant tax authority before the payment of dividends. A standing proxy for non-resident Holders of a Japanese corporation may provide this application service. In this regard, a certain simplified special filing procedure is available for non-resident Holders to claim treaty benefits of exemption from or reduction of Japanese withholding tax, by submitting a Special Application Form for Income Tax Convention Regarding Relief from Japanese Tax and Special Income Tax for Reconstruction on Dividends of Listed Stock (together with any other required forms and documents). With respect to ADSs, this reduced rate or exemption is applicable if the depositary or its agent submits two Application Forms (one before payment of dividends and the other within eight months after the record date concerning such payment of dividends). To

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claim this reduced rate or exemption, a non-resident Holder of ADSs will be required to file a proof of taxpayer status, residence and beneficial ownership (as applicable) and to provide other information or documents as may be required by the depositary. A non-resident Holder who is entitled, under an applicable income tax treaty, to a reduced rate which is lower than the withholding tax rate otherwise applicable under Japanese tax law or an exemption from the withholding tax, but failed to submit the required application in advance will be entitled to claim the refund of taxes withheld in excess of the rate under an applicable tax treaty (if such non-resident Holder is entitled to a reduced treaty rate under the applicable income tax treaty) or the full amount of tax withheld (if such non-resident Holder is entitled to an exemption under the applicable income tax treaty) from the relevant Japanese tax authority, by complying with a certain subsequent filing procedure. Sony Corporation does not assume any responsibility to ensure withholding at the reduced treaty rate or to ensure the absence of withholding for shareholders who would be so eligible under any applicable income tax treaty but where the required procedures as stated above are not followed.

Gains derived from the sale of shares of Common Stock or ADSs of Sony Corporation outside Japan by a non-resident Holder holding such shares or ADSs as portfolio investors are, in general, not subject to Japanese income tax or corporation tax under Japanese tax law. U.S. holders are not subject to Japanese income or corporation tax with respect to such gains under the Treaty.

Japanese inheritance tax and gift tax at progressive rates may be payable by an individual who has acquired from another individual shares of Common Stock or ADSs of Sony Corporation as a legatee, heir or donee even though neither the acquiring individual nor the deceased nor donor is a Japanese resident.

Holders of shares of Common Stock or ADSs of Sony Corporation should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect of these taxes and, in the case of U.S. holders, the possible application of the Estate and Gift Tax Treaty between the U.S. and Japan.

United States Taxation with respect to shares of Common Stock and ADSs

The U.S. dollar amount of dividends received (prior to deduction of Japanese taxes) by a U.S. holder of ADSs or Common Stock of Sony Corporation will be included in income as ordinary income for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits of Sony Corporation as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Subject to certain exceptions for short-term and hedged positions, the U.S. dollar amount of dividends received by a non-corporate U.S. holder with respect to the ADSs or Common Stock will be subject to taxation at a reduced rate if the dividends are “qualified dividends.” Dividends paid on the ADSs or Common Stock will be treated as qualified dividends if Sony Corporation was not, in the year prior to the year in which the dividend was paid, and is not, in the year in which the dividend is paid a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”). Based on Sony Corporation’s audited financial statements and relevant market and shareholder data, Sony Corporation believes that it was not treated as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes with respect to its 2018 taxable year. In addition, based on Sony Corporation’s audited financial statements and Sony Corporation’s current expectations regarding the value and nature of its assets, the sources and nature of its income, and relevant market and shareholder data, Sony Corporation does not anticipate becoming a PFIC for the 2019 taxable year. Holders of ADSs and Common Stock of Sony Corporation should consult their own tax advisors regarding the availability of the reduced dividend tax rate in light of the considerations discussed above and their own particular circumstances.

Subject to applicable limitations and special considerations discussed below, a U.S. holder of ADSs or Common Stock of Sony Corporation will be entitled to a credit for Japanese tax withheld in accordance with the Treaty from dividends paid by Sony Corporation. For purposes of the foreign tax credit limitation, dividends will be foreign source income, and will generally constitute “passive” income. Foreign tax credits will not be allowed for withholding taxes imposed in respect of certain short-term or hedged positions and may not be allowed in respect of arrangements in which economic profit, after non-U.S. taxes, is insubstantial. Holders of ADSs and Common Stock of Sony Corporation should consult their own tax advisors regarding the implications of these rules in light of their particular circumstances.

Dividends paid by Sony Corporation to U.S. corporate holders of ADSs or Common Stock of Sony Corporation will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction.

In general, a U.S. holder will recognize capital gain or loss upon the sale or other disposition of ADSs or Common Stock of Sony Corporation equal to the difference between the amount realized on the sale or disposition and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the ADSs or Common Stock. Such capital gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if the ADSs or Common Stock have been held for more than one year on the date of the sale or disposition. The net amount of long-term capital gain recognized by an individual holder is subject to lower rates of federal income taxation than ordinary income or short-term capital gain rates.

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Under the Code, a U.S. holder of ADSs or Common Stock of Sony Corporation may be subject, under certain circumstances, to information reporting and possibly backup withholding with respect to dividends and proceeds from the sale or other disposition of ADSs or Common Stock, unless the U.S. holder provides proof of an applicable exemption or correct taxpayer identification number and otherwise complies with applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. Any amount withheld under the backup withholding rules is not an additional tax and may be refunded or credited against the U.S. holder’s federal income tax liability, so long as the required information is furnished to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.

F. Dividends and Paying Agent

Not Applicable

G. Statement by Experts

Not Applicable

H. Documents on Display

It is possible to read and copy documents referred to in this annual report on Form 20-F that have been filed with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms and their copy charges. You can also access the documents at the SEC’s home page (http://www.sec.gov/index.html).

I. Subsidiary Information

Not Applicable

Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Sony’s business is continuously exposed to market fluctuation, such as fluctuations in currency exchange rates, interest rates or stock prices. Sony utilizes several derivative instruments, such as foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign currency option contracts, interest rate swap agreements and currency swap agreements in order to hedge the potential downside risk on the cash flow from the normal course of business caused by market fluctuation. Sony uses foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign currency option contracts primarily to reduce the foreign exchange volatility risk that transactions and accounts receivable or accounts payable denominated in yen, U.S. dollars, euros or other currencies have through the normal course of Sony’s worldwide business. Interest rate swap agreements and currency swap agreements are utilized to diversify funding conditions or to reduce funding costs, and in the Financial Services segment, these transactions are used for asset liability management. Sony uses these derivative financial instruments mainly for risk-hedging purposes as described above, and some derivative transactions, such as bond futures and bond options, are held or utilized for trading purposes in the Financial Services segment. If hedge accounting cannot be applied because the accounts receivable or accounts payable to be hedged are not yet booked, or because cash flows from derivative transactions do not coincide with the underlying exposures recorded on Sony’s balance sheet, such derivatives agreements are subject to a mark-to-market evaluation and their unrealized gains or losses are recognized in earnings. In addition, Sony holds marketable securities, such as straight bonds and stocks in yen or other currencies, in the Financial Services segment to obtain interest income or capital gain on the financial assets under management. These securities include a concentration of investments in long-term Japanese national government bonds, for which Sony monitors the related credit ratings and other market information on an ongoing basis. Investments in marketable securities are also subject to market fluctuation.

Sony measures the economic impact of market fluctuations on the value of derivatives agreements and marketable securities by using Value-at-Risk (“VaR”) analysis in order to comply with Item 11 disclosure requirements. VaR in this context indicates the potential maximum amount of loss in fair value resulting from adverse market fluctuations for a selected period of time and at a selected level of confidence.

The following table shows the results of VaR. These analyses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 indicate the potential maximum loss in fair value as predicted by the VaR analysis resulting from market fluctuations in one day at a 95 percent confidence level. The VaR of currency exchange rate risk principally consists of risks arising from the volatility of the exchange rates between the yen and the U.S. dollar and between the yen and the euro, the currencies in which a significant amount of financial assets and liabilities and derivative transactions are maintained on a consolidated basis. The VaR of interest rate risk and stock price risk consists of

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risks arising from the volatility of the interest rates and stock prices against invested securities and derivatives transactions in the Financial Services segment.

The net VaR for Sony’s entire portfolio is smaller than the simple aggregate of VaR for each component of market risk. This is due to the fact that market risk factors such as currency exchange rates, interest rates and stock prices are not completely independent and potential profits and losses arising from each market risk may be mutually offsetting to some degree.

The disclosed VaR amounts simply represent the calculated maximum potential loss on the specified date and do not necessarily indicate an estimate of actual or future loss.

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Consolidated

	June 30, 2018		September 30, 2018		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2019
	(Yen in billions)
Net VaR		1.3		1.3		0.9		1.0
VaR of currency exchange rate risk		1.3		1.2		0.8		1.0
VaR of interest rate risk		0.1		0.1		0.1		0.1
VaR of stock price risk		0.0		0.0		0.0		0.0

Financial Services

	June 30, 2018		September 30, 2018		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2019
	(Yen in billions)
Net VaR		1.3		1.1		0.7		0.8
VaR of currency exchange rate risk		1.2		1.0		0.6		0.8
VaR of interest rate risk		0.1		0.1		0.1		0.1
VaR of stock price risk		0.0		0.0		0.0		0.0

Sony without the Financial Services segment

	June 30, 2018		September 30, 2018		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2019
	(Yen in billions)
Net VaR		0.9		0.8		0.4		0.6
VaR of currency exchange rate risk		0.9		0.8		0.4		0.6
VaR of interest rate risk		0.0		0.0		0.0		0.0
VaR of stock price risk		0.0		0.0		0.0		0.0

Item 12. Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities

A. Debt Securities

Not Applicable

B. Warrants and Rights

Not Applicable

C. Other Securities

Not Applicable

D. American Depositary Shares

Citibank N.A. (the “Depositary”) serves as the depositary for Sony Corporation’s ADSs pursuant to a deposit agreement between Sony Corporation, the Depositary, and the holders and beneficial owners of ADSs issued thereunder from time to time (the “Deposit Agreement”) (attached as Exhibit 2.1 to this report). ADS holders (“Holders”) may be required to pay various fees to the Depositary and the Depositary may refuse to provide any service for which a fee is assessed until the applicable fee has been paid. The following fees may at any time and from time to time be changed by agreement between Sony Corporation and the Depositary.

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Under the terms of the Deposit Agreement, Holders may have to pay the following service fees to the Depositary.

Service	Rate	By Whom Paid
Issuance of ADSs upon deposit of Sony Corporation’s Common Stock	Up to 5.00 U.S. dollar per 100 ADSs (or fraction thereof) issued	Person depositing Sony Corporation’s Common Stock or person receiving ADSs
Delivery of deposited securities against surrender of ADSs	Up to 5.00 U.S. dollar per 100 ADSs (or fraction thereof) surrendered	Person surrendering ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal of deposited securities or person to whom deposited securities are delivered
Distribution of cash dividends or other cash distributions (i.e., sale of rights and other entitlements)	Up to 5.00 U.S. dollar per 100 ADSs (or fraction thereof) held	Person to whom distribution is made
Distribution of ADSs pursuant to (i) stock dividends or other free stock distributions, (ii) exercise of rights to purchase additional ADSs	Up to 5.00 U.S. dollar per 100 ADSs (or fraction thereof) held	Person to whom distribution is made
Distribution of securities other than ADSs or rights purchase Additional ADSs (i.e., spin-off shares)	Up to 5.00 U.S. dollar per 100 ADSs (or fraction thereof) held	Person to whom distribution is made
ADS Services	Up to 5.00 U.S. dollar per 100 ADSs (or fraction thereof) held on the applicable record date(s) established by the Depositary	Person holding ADSs on the applicable record date(s) established by the Depositary

The Company, Holders, beneficial owners of ADSs, persons depositing Sony Corporation’s Common Stock and persons surrendering ADSs for cancellation and for the purpose of withdrawing deposited securities shall be responsible for the following ADS charges under the term of the Deposit Agreement: (i) taxes (including applicable interest and penalties) and other governmental charges; (ii) such registration fees as may from time to time be in effect for the registration of Sony Corporation’s Common Stock or other deposited securities on the share register and applicable to transfer of Sony Corporation’s Common Stock or other deposited securities to or from the name of the custodian, the Depositary or any nominees upon the making of deposits and withdrawals, respectively; (iii) such cable, telex and facsimile transmission and delivery expenses as are expressly provided in the Deposit Agreement to be at the expense of the person depositing Sony Corporation’s Common Stock or withdrawing deposited securities or of the Holders and beneficial owners of ADSs; (iv) the expenses and charges incurred by the Depositary in the conversion of foreign currency; (v) such fees and expenses as are incurred by the Depositary in connection with compliance with exchange control regulations and other regulatory requirements applicable to Sony Corporation’s Common Stock, deposited securities, ADSs and ADRs; and (vi) the fees and expenses incurred by the Depositary, the custodian, or any nominee in connection with the servicing or delivery of deposited property.

Direct and Indirect Payments by the Depositary to Sony

The Depositary reimburses Sony for certain expenses Sony incurs in connection with its ADR program, subject to certain ceilings. These reimbursable expenses currently include, but are not limited to, legal and accounting fees, investor relations expenses and fees payable to service providers for the distribution of material to ADR holders. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, such reimbursements totaled approximately 2,464,241 U.S. dollars.

In addition, as part of its service to Sony, the Depositary waives fees in connection with its ADR program, subject to a ceiling. These waived expenses currently include, but are not limited to, standard costs associated with the administration of the ADR program, associated operating expenses, investor relations advice and access to an internet-based tool used in Sony’s investor relations activities. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, the amount of such indirect payments was estimated to total 5,000 U.S. dollars.

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Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

None

Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

None

Item 15. Controls and Procedures

Item 15(a). Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Sony has carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of Sony’s management, including the CEO and CFO, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of Sony’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as of March 31, 2019. Disclosure controls and procedures require that information to be disclosed in the reports Sony files or submits under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required, within the time periods specified in the applicable rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to Sony’s management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon Sony’s evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of March 31, 2019, the disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Item 15(b). Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Sony’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Sony’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. Sony’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of Sony;

(ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of Sony are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors; and

(iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of Sony’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Sony’s management excluded DH Publishing, L.P. (“EMI”), which owned and managed EMI Music Publishing, and became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony on November 14, 2018, from its assessment of the effectiveness of Sony’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2019, except for the recording of the fair value of the intangibles and residual goodwill. EMI represented less than 1% of (i) Sony’s total assets as of March 31, 2019 (after excluding the intangibles and goodwill) and (ii) Sony’s total sales and operating revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. EMI Music Publishing acquisition is discussed in Note 25 to the consolidated financial statements.

Sony’s management evaluated the effectiveness of Sony’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2019 based on the criteria established in “Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013)” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on the evaluation, management has concluded that Sony maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2019.

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Sony’s independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers Aarata LLC, has issued an audit report on Sony’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2019, presented on page (F-2).

Item 15(c). Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm

Refer to the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on page (F-2).

Item 15(d). Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in Sony’s internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, Sony’s internal control over financial reporting.

Item 16. [Reserved]

Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert

Sony’s Board of Directors has determined that Kunihito Minakawa and Toshiko Oka each qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in Item 16A of Form 20-F under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. In addition, both are determined to be independent as defined under the NYSE Corporate Governance Standards.

Item 16B. Code of Ethics

Sony has adopted a code of ethics, as defined in Item 16B of Form 20-F under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The code of ethics applies to Sony’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, chief accounting officer and persons performing similar functions, as well as to directors and all other officers and employees of Sony, as defined in the code of ethics. The code of ethics is available at:

https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/csr_report/compliance/index2.html.

Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Audit and Non-Audit Fees

The following table presents fees for audit and other services rendered by PricewaterhouseCoopers for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019.

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2018		2019
	Yen in millions
Audit Fees (1)		3,562		3,716
Audit-Related Fees (2)		446		480
Tax Fees (3)		1		0
All Other Fees (4)		68		197
		4,077		4,393

(1) Audit Fees consist of fees for the annual audit services engagement and other audit services, which are those services that only the external auditor can provide.

(2) Audit-Related Fees consist of fees billed for assurance and related services, and audit services relating to benefit plans, business acquisitions and dispositions.

(3) Tax Fees primarily consist of fees for tax advice.

(4) All Other Fees consist of fees primarily for services rendered with respect to advisory services.

Audit Committee’s Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

Consistent with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission rules regarding auditor independence, Sony Corporation’s Audit Committee is responsible for appointing, reviewing and setting compensation, retaining, and overseeing the work of Sony’s independent auditor, so that the auditor’s independence will not be impaired. The

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Audit Committee established a formal policy requiring pre-approval of all audit and permissible non-audit services provided by the independent auditor to Sony Corporation or any of its subsidiaries. The Audit Committee periodically reviews this policy with due regard for compliance with laws and regulations of host countries where Sony Corporation is listed.

Prior to the engagement of the independent auditor for the following fiscal year’s audit, management in charge of accounting or other relevant areas (“Accounting Management”) submits an application form to the Audit Committee for comprehensive pre-approval of all recurring services expected to be rendered during that year, other than services that are classified as “Tax” related services (“Tax Services”). In order to obtain comprehensive pre-approval, Accounting Management must designate in which of two categories (Audit and Non-Audit) the services will be classified as well as fees expected, both for each category in the aggregate and for each individual service, and detailed back-up information regarding each service to the extent possible to ensure that the Audit Committee knows precisely what particular service and the expected fees it is being asked to pre-approve and that the scope of any service or the expected fees approved is unambiguous. Any additional services not within the scope of comprehensive pre-approval and Tax Services require the Audit Committee’s separate pre-approval on an individual basis. The Audit Committee approves, if necessary, any changes in terms, conditions and fees resulting from changes in the scope of services to be provided or from other circumstances, with respect to both services that are subject to comprehensive and individual pre-approval. The Audit Committee or its designee establishes procedures to assure that the independent auditor is aware in a timely manner of the services that have been pre-approved.

Item 16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

Not Applicable

Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

The following table sets out information concerning purchases made by Sony Corporation during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

Period	(a) Total number of shares purchased			(b) Average price paid per share (yen)		(c) Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs*1,2	(d) Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs*1,2
April 1 — 30, 2018		1,343			5,260.16	N/A	N/A
May 1 — 31, 2018		1,882			5,268.92	N/A	N/A
June 1 — 30, 2018		4,435			5,402.09	N/A	N/A
July 1 — 31, 2018		3,861	*3		5,747.66	N/A	N/A
August 1 — 31, 2018		3,050			6,020.33	N/A	N/A
September 1 — 30, 2018		2,507			6,366.92	N/A	N/A
October 1 — 31, 2018		2,476			6,477.22	N/A	N/A
November 1 — 30, 2018		1,741			5,983.61	N/A	N/A
December 1 — 31, 2018		3,027			5,776.08	N/A	N/A
January 1 — 31, 2019		2,278			5,301.05	N/A	N/A
February 1 — 28, 2019		7,369,308			5,113.93	7,366,900	22,633,100
March 1 — 31, 2019		11,944,301			5,218.97	11,942,200	N/A
Total		19,340,209			5,179.71	19,309,100	N/A

Column (a) represents the combined total number of shares purchased during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, including both fractional shares purchased from fractional shareholders in accordance with the Companies Act, and shares purchased in accordance with publicly announced plans, as shown in column (c).

Under the Companies Act, a holder of shares constituting less than one full unit may require Sony Corporation to purchase such shares at their market value (Refer to “B. Memorandum and Articles of Association — Capital stock — (Unit share system)” in “Item 10. Additional Information”). During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony Corporation purchased 31,109 shares of common stock for a total purchase price of 176,632,253 yen upon such requests from holders of shares constituting less than one full unit.

*1 Sony approved the repurchase of shares of its own common stock as follows at the meeting of its Board of Directors held on February 8, 2019.

• Total number of shares for repurchase: 30 million shares (maximum) (2.36% of total number of shares issued and outstanding (excluding treasury stock))

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• Total purchase price for repurchase of shares: 100 billion yen (maximum)

• Period of repurchase: From February 12, 2019 to March 22, 2019

*2 The repurchase of shares of common stock based on the above approval at the Board of Directors was completed. The details are as follows.

• Total number of shares repurchased: 19,309,100 shares

• Total purchase price for repurchased shares: 99,999,957,787 yen

• Period of repurchase: February 12, 2019 to March 19, 2019

*3 This figure does not include shares of restricted stock that were acquired without cash consideration (16,800 shares).

Item 16F. Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant

Not Applicable

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Item 16G. Disclosure About Differences in Corporate Governance

The table below discloses the significant ways in which Sony’s corporate governance practices differ from those required for U.S. companies under the listing standards of the NYSE. As a foreign private issuer listed on the NYSE, Sony Corporation is exempt from most of the exchange’s corporate governance standards requirements. For further information on Sony’s corporate governance practices and history, please refer to “Board Practices” in “Item 6. Director, Senior Management and Employees.” In the table below, any reference to “Sony” shall mean Sony Corporation.

NYSE Standards	Sony’s Corporate Governance Practices
Board Independence. A majority of board directors must be independent.	Sony has adopted the “Company with Three Committees” system under the Companies Act. Sony’s Charter of the Board of Directors (attached as Exhibit 1.3 to this report) requires its board to consist of between 10 to 20 directors. The Companies Act does not require Sony to have a majority of “independent” (in the meaning given by the NYSE Corporate Governance Standards) directors on its board; rather, it requires Sony to have a majority of “outside” directors (the definition of the term “outside” director is summarized below) on each of three statutory committees (the Nominating Committee, the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee).
Director Independence. A director is not independent if such director is (i) a person who the board determines has a material direct or indirect relationship with the company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary; (ii) a person who, within the last three years, has been an employee of the company or has an immediate family member of an executive officer of the company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary; (iii) a person who had received, or whose immediate family member had received, during any 12-month period within the last three years, more than 120,000 U.S. dollars per year in direct compensation from the company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary, other than director and committee fees or deferred compensation for prior services (provided such compensation is not contingent in any way on continued service); (iv) (A) a person who is, or whose immediate family member is, a current partner or employee of a firm that is the company’s internal or external auditor; (B) a person whose immediate family member is a partner of such a firm; (C) a person who has an immediate family member who is a current employee of such a firm and who personally participates in the firm’s audit, assurance or tax compliance (but not tax planning) practice; or (D) a person who was, or has an immediate family member who was, within the last three years, a partner or employee of such a firm and personally worked on the listed company’s audit within that time;	“Outside” director is defined in the Companies Act as a person who satisfies all of the requirements (i) through (v) below: (i) a person who is not a director of Sony Corporation or any of its subsidiaries engaged in the business operations of Sony Corporation or such subsidiaries, as the case may be, or a Corporate Executive Officer or general manager or other employee (“Group Executive Director, etc.”) of Sony Corporation or any of its subsidiaries and who has not been a Group Executive Director, etc. of Sony Corporation or any of its subsidiaries for ten years prior to assuming his/her office; (ii) if a person who has been a director, accounting counselor (if the accounting counselor is a juridical person, a member who is in charge of the affairs), or corporate auditor of Sony Corporation or any of its subsidiaries (excluding a person who has been a Group Executive Director, etc.) at the time within ten years prior to assuming his/her office, a person who has not been a Group Executive Director, etc. of Sony Corporation or any of its subsidiaries for ten years prior to assuming his/her office as a director, an accounting counselor, or a corporate auditor; (iii) a person who is not a director or a Corporate Executive Officer or general manager or other employee of a parent company or any entity which controls the management of Sony Corporation; (iv) a person who is not a Group Executive Director, etc. of a direct/indirect subsidiary of Sony Corporation or any entity the management of which is directly or indirectly controlled by Sony Corporation; and (v) a person who is not a spouse or relative within the second degree of kinship of a

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NYSE Standards	Sony’s Corporate Governance Practices
(v) a person who is, or whose immediate family member is, or has been within the last three years, employed as an executive officer of another company where any of the listed company’s present executive officers at the same time serves or served on that company’s compensation committee; or (vi) an executive officer or employee of a company, or has an immediate family member of an executive officer of a company, that makes payments to, or receives payments from, the listed company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary for property or services in an amount which, in any of the last three fiscal years, exceeds the greater of 1 million U.S. dollars or 2 percent of such other company’s consolidated gross revenues.	director or a Corporate Executive Officer or general manager or other employee of Sony Corporation. Under the Companies Act, a director’s status as an “outside” director is unaffected by the director’s compensation, his or her affiliation with business partners, or the board’s affirmative determination of independence. On the other hand, under the Companies Act, a director who has had a career as a management director, corporate executive officer, or other employee of the company, its subsidiaries or other group companies is by definition not an “outside” director.
	Sony’s Charter of the Board of Directors includes a provision requiring that each “outside” director: (i) Shall not have received directly from Sony Group, during any consecutive 12-month period within the last three years, more than an amount equivalent to 120,000 U.S. dollars, other than director and committee fees and pension or other forms of deferred compensation for prior service (provided such compensation is not contingent in any way on continued service); and (ii) Shall not be an executive director, a corporate executive officer, a general manager or other employee of any company whose aggregate amount of transactions with Sony Group, in any of the last three fiscal years, exceeds the greater of an amount equivalent to 1,000,000 U.S. dollars, or 2 percent of the annual consolidated sales of such company;
	In addition, the Securities Listing Regulations of the Tokyo Stock Exchange require Sony to make efforts to have at least one “Independent Director” on the Board of Directors. “Independent Director” is defined in the Securities Listing Regulations of the Tokyo Stock Exchange as an “outside” director who is unlikely to have conflicts of interest with shareholders. According to the guidelines of the Tokyo Stock Exchange, if a person falls in any of the categories listed below, such person, in principle, will be considered to have a conflict of interest with shareholders of the listed company. (1)   A person for which the listed company is a major client or a person who executes business of a person for which the listed company is a major client; (2)   A major client of the listed company or a person who executes business of a major client of the listed company; (3)   A consultant, accounting professional, or legal professional (or, if such consultant, accounting professional, or legal professional is a juridical person, a member of such juridical person) of

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NYSE Standards	Sony’s Corporate Governance Practices
	the listed company who receives a large amount of money or other consideration other than remuneration for directorship/auditorship from such listed company;
	(4)   A person who has fallen in any of categories (a) through (d) listed below until recently:         (a)   A person who falls in any of (1) through (3) listed above;         (b)   A person who executes business of a parent company of the listed company or a director who does not execute business of a parent company of the listed company;         (c)   A corporate auditor of a parent company of the listed company; or         (d)   A person who executes business of a fellow subsidiary of the listed company.
	(5)   A close relative of a person who falls in any of categories (a) through (h) listed below (only if such person is significant):         (a)   A person who falls in any of (1) through (4) listed above;         (b)   An accounting counselor of the listed company;         (c)   A person who executes business of a subsidiary of the listed company;         (d)   A director who does not execute business of a subsidiary of the listed company or an accounting counselor of a subsidiary of the listed company;         (e)   A person who executes business of a parent company of the listed company or a director who does not execute business of a parent company of the listed company;         (f)   A corporate auditor of a parent company of the listed company;         (g)   A person who executes business of a fellow subsidiary of the listed company; or         (h)   A person who has fallen in any of categories (b) through (d) listed above or a person who has executed business of the listed company until recently.
	As of June 18, 2019, 10 of the 13 members of Sony’s Board of Directors qualified as “outside” directors. In addition, all 10 “outside” directors are qualified and designated as “Independent Directors” under the Securities Listing Regulations of the Tokyo Stock Exchange.

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NYSE Standards	Sony’s Corporate Governance Practices
Executive Sessions. Non-management directors must meet in regularly scheduled executive sessions without management. Independent directors should meet alone in an executive session at least once a year.	An “outside” director, as defined under the Companies Act, is equivalent to a “non-management director” under the NYSE rules because an “outside” director does not engage in the execution of business operations of the company. The outside/non-management directors generally meet several times a year without management, though neither the Companies Act nor Sony’s Charter of the Board of Directors requires non-management directors to meet regularly without management and there is no requirement for the outside directors to meet alone in an executive session at least once a year.
Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee. A nominating/corporate governance committee of independent directors is required. The committee must have a charter that addresses the purpose, responsibilities (including development of corporate governance guidelines) and annual performance evaluation of the committee.	Sony’s Nominating Committee consists of at least three directors. Under the Companies Act, the Committee is responsible for determining the contents of proposals regarding the appointment and dismissal of directors to be submitted for approval to the shareholders’ meeting. Unlike listed U.S. companies under NYSE rules, it is not responsible for developing governance guidelines or overseeing the evaluation of the board and management. Under the Companies Act, a majority of its members must be “outside” directors, as defined under the Companies Act. Sony’s Charter of the Board of Directors requires at least one of the directors on the Committee to be a corporate executive officer.
Compensation Committee. A compensation committee of independent directors is required. The committee must have a charter that addresses the purpose, responsibilities and annual performance evaluation of the committee. In addition, in accordance with the SEC rules adopted pursuant to Section 952 of the Dodd-Frank Act, NYSE listing standards expanded the factors relevant in determining whether a committee member has a relationship to the company that will materially affect that member’s duties to the compensation committee and provided compensation committees the authority to engage compensation advisers. Additionally, the committee may obtain or retain the advice of a compensation adviser only after taking into consideration all factors relevant to determining that adviser’s independence from management, unless the adviser’s role is (i) limited to consulting on a generally applicable broad-based plan or (ii) is providing information that is not customized for the issuer or is not customized by the adviser and about which the adviser does not provide advice.	Sony’s Compensation Committee consists of at least three directors. Under the Companies Act, a majority of its members must be “outside” directors, as defined under the Companies Act. Sony’s Charter of the Board of Directors prohibits the CEO, the COO and/or the CFO (or a person at any equivalent position) from serving on the Compensation Committee. Under the Companies Act, the Committee is responsible for, among others, determining the compensation of each director and corporate executive officer.

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NYSE Standards	Sony’s Corporate Governance Practices
Audit Committee. An audit committee satisfying the independence and other requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act is required. The committee must have at least three members. All members must be independent. The committee must have a charter addressing the committee’s purpose, an annual performance evaluation of the committee and the duties and responsibilities of the committee.	Sony’s Audit Committee consists of at least three directors. Under the Companies Act, a majority of its members must be “outside” directors, as defined under the Companies Act. In addition, pursuant to the Companies Act, no member of the Committee shall be a director of the company or any of its subsidiaries who is engaged in the business operations of the company or such subsidiary, as the case may be, or a corporate executive officer of the company or any of its subsidiaries, or an accounting counselor, general manager or other employee of any of such subsidiaries. Sony’s Charter of the Board of Directors also requires each member of the Audit Committee to meet the independence requirements of the applicable U.S. securities laws and regulations, and requires at least one member to meet the audit committee financial expert requirements. Currently, all the members of Sony’s Audit Committee are also “independent” as defined in the NYSE Corporate Governance Standards, and two members of the Committee are qualified as audit committee financial experts. Sony’s Charter of the Board of Directors discourages any Audit Committee member from concurrently being a member of other Committees.
Equity Compensation Plans. Equity compensation plans require shareholder approval, subject to limited exemptions.	Under the Companies Act, if Sony wishes to adopt an equity compensation plan under which stock acquisition rights or shares of common stock are granted on specially favorable conditions, except where all of its shareholders are granted rights to subscribe for such stock acquisition rights/shares of common stock or such stock acquisition rights/shares of common stock are gratuitously allocated to all of its shareholders, each on a pro rata basis, then Sony must obtain shareholder approval by a “special resolution” of a general meeting of shareholders, where the quorum is one-third of the total number of voting rights of all of its shareholders and the approval by at least two-thirds of the number of voting rights of all the shareholders represented at the meeting is required under Sony’s Articles of Incorporation. On the other hand, under the Companies Act, if Sony wishes to adopt an equity compensation plan under which stock acquisition rights or shares of common stock are granted against fair value thereof, such plan can be adopted by the resolution of Sony’s Compensation Committee, and grants of stock acquisition rights or shares pursuant to such plan may be decided by a resolution of the Board of Directors or a determination by a Corporate Executive Officer to whom the authority to make such determination has been delegated, and no shareholder approval is required.

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NYSE Standards	Sony’s Corporate Governance Practices
Corporate Governance Guidelines. Corporate governance guidelines must be adopted and disclosed.	Sony is required to disclose the status of its corporate governance under the Companies Act, Financial Instruments and Exchange Act and its related regulations, and the Securities Listing Regulations of the Tokyo Stock Exchange; however, Sony does not have corporate governance guidelines that cover all the requirements described in the NYSE Corporate Governance Standards, as many of the provisions do not apply to Sony. Details of the status are posted on the following website: https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/csr_report/governance/
Code of Ethics. A code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers and employees must be adopted and disclosed, along with any waivers of the code for directors or executive officers.	Although this provision of the NYSE Corporate Governance Standards does not apply to Sony, Sony has adopted a code of conduct to be observed by all its directors, officers and other employees. The code of conduct is available at: https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/csr_report/compliance/index2.html The code’s content covers principal items described in the NYSE Corporate Governance Standards.

Item 16H. Mine Safety Disclosure

Not Applicable

Item 17. Financial Statements

Not Applicable

Item 18. Financial Statements

Refer to the consolidated financial statements.

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Item 19. Exhibits

Documents filed as exhibits to this annual report:

1.1	Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation (English Translation), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to Sony’s annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015 (Commission file number 001-06439) filed on June 23, 2015
1.2	Share Handling Regulations (English Translation), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to Sony’s annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2010 (Commission file number 001-06439) filed on June 28, 2010
1.3	Charter of the Board of Directors (English Translation), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.3 to Sony’s annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 (Commission file number 001-06439) filed on June 19, 2018
2.1	Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement, dated as of October  15, 2014, by and among Sony Corporation, Citibank, N.A. and the holders and beneficial owners of American Depositary Shares issued thereunder, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.A to Sony’s registration statement on Form F-6 (Commission file number 333-198953) filed on September 26, 2014
8.1	Significant subsidiaries (as defined in §210.1-02(w) of Regulation S-X) of Sony Corporation, including additional subsidiaries that management has deemed to be significant, as of March 31, 2019: Incorporated by reference to “Business Overview” and “Organizational Structure” in “Item 4. Information on the Company”
12.1	302 Certification
12.2	302 Certification
13.1	906 Certification
15.1	Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers Aarata LLC
101.1	XBRL INSTANCE DOCUMENT
101.1	XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION SCHEMA
101.1	XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION CALCULATION LINKBASE
101.1	XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION DEFINITION LINKBASE
101.1	XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
101.1	XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

SONY CORPORATION
(Registrant)
By:	/s/  HIROKI TOTOKI
	(Signature)
	Hiroki Totoki
	Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Date: June 18, 2019

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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

	Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2018 and 2019	F-4
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended March  31, 2017, 2018 and 2019	F-6
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019	F-7
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended March  31, 2017, 2018 and 2019	F-8
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019	F-10
Index to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	F-13
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	F-14
Financial Statement Schedule II for the years ended March  31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts	F-86

All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the financial statements or the notes thereto.

F-1

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Sony Corporation (Sony Kabushiki Kaisha)

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Sony Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows and changes in stockholders’ equity for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2019, including the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2019 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 15(b). Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

As described in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management has excluded DH Publishing, L.P. (“EMI”) from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2019, because it was acquired by the Company in a purchase business combination during the year ended March 31, 2019. We have also excluded EMI from our audit of internal control over financial reporting. EMI is a wholly-owned subsidiary whose total assets and total sales and operating revenue excluded from management’s assessment and our audit of internal control over financial reporting each represent less than 1% of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended March 31, 2019.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers Aarata LLC

Tokyo, Japan

May 22, 2019

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2006.

F-2

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F-3

SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

March 31

	Yen in millions
	2018			2019
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents		1,586,329			1,470,073
Marketable securities		1,176,601			1,324,538
Notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets		1,061,442			1,091,242
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(48,663	)		(25,440	)
Inventories		692,937			653,278
Other receivables		190,706			223,620
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		516,744			509,301
Total current assets		5,176,096			5,246,612
Film costs		327,645			409,005
Investments and advances:
Affiliated companies		157,389			163,365
Securities investments and other		10,598,669			11,561,286
		10,756,058			11,724,651
Property, plant and equipment:
Land		84,358			83,992
Buildings		655,434			664,157
Machinery and equipment		1,798,722			1,585,382
Construction in progress		38,295			39,208
		2,576,809			2,372,739
Less — Accumulated depreciation		1,837,339			1,595,686
		739,470			777,053
Other assets:
Intangibles, net		527,168			917,966
Goodwill		530,492			768,552
Deferred insurance acquisition costs		586,670			595,265
Deferred income taxes		96,772			202,486
Other		325,167			339,996
		2,066,269			2,824,265
Total assets		19,065,538			20,981,586

(Continued on following page.)

F-4

SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Continued)

	Yen in millions
	2018			2019
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings		496,093			618,618
Current portion of long-term debt		225,522			172,461
Notes and accounts payable, trade		468,550			492,124
Accounts payable, other and accrued expenses		1,514,433			1,693,048
Accrued income and other taxes		145,905			135,226
Deposits from customers in the banking business		2,159,246			2,302,314
Other		610,792			666,024
Total current liabilities		5,620,541			6,079,815
Long-term debt		623,451			568,372
Accrued pension and severance costs		394,504			384,232
Deferred income taxes		449,863			531,421
Future insurance policy benefits and other		5,221,772			5,642,671
Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business		2,820,702			3,048,202
Other		278,338			281,382
Total liabilities		15,409,171			16,536,095
Redeemable noncontrolling interest		9,210			8,801
Commitments and contingent liabilities
EQUITY
Sony Corporation’s stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, no par value —
2018 — Shares authorized: 3,600,000,000; shares issued: 1,266,552,149		865,678
2019 — Shares authorized: 3,600,000,000; shares issued: 1,271,230,341					874,291
Additional paid-in capital		1,282,577			1,266,874
Retained earnings		1,440,387			2,320,586
Accumulated other comprehensive income —
Unrealized gains on securities, net		126,191			135,035
Unrealized losses on derivative instruments, net		(1,242	)		(19	)
Pension liability adjustment		(296,444	)		(310,457	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(445,251	)		(435,229	)
		(616,746	)		(610,670	)
Treasury stock, at cost
Common stock
2018 — 1,127,101 shares		(4,530	)
2019 — 20,483,474 shares					(104,704	)
		2,967,366			3,746,377
Noncontrolling interests		679,791			690,313
Total equity		3,647,157			4,436,690
Total liabilities and equity		19,065,538			20,981,586

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

F-5

SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Income

Fiscal year ended March 31

	Yen in millions
	2017		2018		2019
Sales and operating revenue:
Net sales		6,443,328		7,231,613		7,306,235
Financial services revenue		1,080,284		1,221,235		1,274,708
Other operating revenue		79,638		91,134		84,744
		7,603,250		8,543,982		8,665,687
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales		4,753,010		5,188,259		5,150,750
Selling, general and administrative		1,505,956		1,583,197		1,576,825
Financial services expenses		910,144		1,042,163		1,112,446
Other operating (income) expense, net		149,001		4,072		(71,568	)
		7,318,111		7,817,691		7,768,453
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies		3,563		8,569		(2,999	)
Operating income		288,702		734,860		894,235
Other income:
Interest and dividends		11,459		19,784		21,618
Gain on sale of securities investments, net		225		1,517		—
Gain on equity securities, net		—		—		118,677
Other		2,734		2,427		4,440
		14,418		23,728		144,735
Other expenses:
Interest		14,544		13,566		12,467
Loss on devaluation of securities investments		7,629		4,955		—
Foreign exchange loss, net		22,181		30,634		11,279
Other		7,147		10,384		3,576
		51,501		59,539		27,322
Income before income taxes		251,619		699,049		1,011,648
Income taxes:
Current		100,260		127,685		166,748
Deferred		23,798		24,085		(121,650	)
		124,058		151,770		45,098
Net income		127,561		547,279		966,550
Less — Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		54,272		56,485		50,279
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders		73,289		490,794		916,271

	Yen
	2017		2018		2019
Per share data:
Common stock
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders
— Basic		58.07		388.32		723.41
— Diluted		56.89		379.75		707.74

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

F-6

SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Fiscal year ended March 31

	Yen in millions
	2017			2018			2019
Net income		127,561			547,279			966,550
Other comprehensive income, net of tax —
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities		(30,293	)		1,070			33,285
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments		1,140			(1,184	)		1,223
Pension liability adjustment		63,232			12,390			(13,960	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(17,988	)		(6,335	)		8,444
Total comprehensive income		143,652			553,220			995,542
Less — Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		35,814			60,403			57,669
Comprehensive income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders		107,838			492,817			937,873

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

F-7

SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Fiscal year ended March 31

	Yen in millions
	2017			2018			2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income		127,561			547,279			966,550
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities —
Depreciation and amortization, including amortization of deferred insurance acquisition costs and contract costs		327,048			361,444			374,026
Amortization of film costs		297,505			359,274			348,493
Accrual for pension and severance costs, less payments		9,297			4,113			(33,631	)
Other operating (income) expense, net		149,001			4,072			(71,568	)
(Gain) loss on securities investments, net (other than financial services business)		7,404			3,438			(118,630	)
Gain on marketable securities and securities investments held in the financial services business, net		(55,742	)		(47,119	)		(66,383	)
Deferred income taxes		23,798			24,085			(121,650	)
Equity in net (income) loss of affiliated companies, net of dividends		4,409			(2,956	)		7,947
Changes in assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets		(37,529	)		(80,004	)		1,144
(Increase) decrease in inventories		11,199			(51,508	)		30,455
Increase in film costs		(331,179	)		(362,496	)		(410,994	)
Increase (decrease) in notes and accounts payable, trade		(1,386	)		(87,939	)		18,534
Increase (decrease) in accrued income and other taxes		26,701			29,181			(20,039	)
Increase in future insurance policy benefits and other		433,803			495,419			544,179
Increase in deferred insurance acquisition costs		(93,234	)		(86,779	)		(88,807	)
Increase in marketable securities held in the life insurance business		(81,456	)		(89,797	)		(64,034	)
(Increase) decrease in other current assets		(21,402	)		3,776			16,576
Increase in other current liabilities		79,114			151,805			56,723
Other		(67,382	)		78,683			(110,153	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		807,530			1,253,971			1,258,738
Cash flows from investing activities:
Payments for purchases of fixed assets		(333,509	)		(262,989	)		(312,644	)
Proceeds from sales of fixed assets		13,098			60,599			17,585
Payments for investments and advances by financial services business		(1,233,290	)		(963,210	)		(1,078,250	)
Payments for investments and advances (other than financial services business)		(17,208	)		(13,801	)		(53,525	)
Proceeds from sales or return of investments and collections of advances by financial services business		289,901			317,159			309,498
Proceeds from sales or return of investments and collections of advances (other than financial services business)		16,078			6,596			2,442
Payment for EMI Music Publishing acquisition, net of cash acquired		—			—			(244,197	)
Proceeds from sales of businesses		3,262			44,624			—
Proceeds related to sales of Spotify Technology S.A. Shares		—			—			82,467
Other		6,646			(12,046	)		(30,821	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,255,022	)		(823,068	)		(1,307,445	)

(Continued on following page.)

F-8

SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued)

	Yen in millions
	2017			2018			2019
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt		254,695			125,092			94,351
Payments of long-term debt		(261,299	)		(44,561	)		(382,671	)
Increase in short-term borrowings, net		317,827			35,145			123,979
Increase in deposits from customers in the financial services business, net		277,152			169,479			246,945
Dividends paid		(25,301	)		(28,490	)		(38,067	)
Payments for purchase of treasury stock		(114	)		(198	)		(100,177	)
Payment for purchase of Nile Acquisition LLC shares from noncontrolling interests		—			—			(32,041	)
Payment for purchase of Sony/ATV shares from noncontrolling interests		(76,565	)		—			—
Other		(34,093	)		(10,011	)		(35,203	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		452,302			246,456			(122,884	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, including restricted		(31,061	)		(53,044	)		52,465
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, including restricted		(26,251	)		624,315			(119,126	)
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted, at beginning of the fiscal year		994,875			968,624			1,592,939
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted, at end of the fiscal year		968,624			1,592,939			1,473,813
Less — Restricted cash and cash equivalents, included in other current assets and other assets		8,482			6,610			3,740
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the fiscal year		960,142			1,586,329			1,470,073
Supplemental data:
Cash paid during the fiscal year for —
Income taxes		106,054			101,092			210,499
Interest		13,877			12,169			10,882
Non-cash investing and financing activities —
Obtaining assets by entering into capital leases		8,457			21,762			32,541

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

F-9

SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

	Yen in millions
	Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive income			Treasury stock, at cost			Sony Corporation’s stockholders’ equity			Noncontrolling interests			Total equity
Balance at March 31, 2016		858,867		1,325,719			936,331			(653,318	)		(4,259	)		2,463,340			661,070			3,124,410
Exercise of stock acquisition rights		1,778		1,778												3,556						3,556
Stock-based compensation				1,601												1,601						1,601
Comprehensive income:
Net income							73,289									73,289			54,272			127,561
Other comprehensive income, net of tax —
Unrealized losses on securities										(14,101	)					(14,101	)		(16,192	)		(30,293	)
Unrealized gains on derivative instruments										1,140						1,140						1,140
Pension liability adjustment										63,003						63,003			229			63,232
Foreign currency translation adjustments										(15,493	)					(15,493	)		(2,495	)		(17,988	)
Total comprehensive income																107,838			35,814			143,652
Stock issue costs, net of tax				(30	)											(30	)					(30	)
Dividends declared (20.00 yen per share)							(25,252	)								(25,252	)		(17,068	)		(42,320	)
Purchase of treasury stock													(114	)		(114	)					(114	)
Reissuance of treasury stock				(10	)								38			28						28
Transactions with noncontrolling interests shareholders and other				(53,721	)											(53,721	)		(41,640	)		(95,361	)
Balance at March 31, 2017		860,645		1,275,337			984,368			(618,769	)		(4,335	)		2,497,246			638,176			3,135,422

(Continued on following page.)

F-10

SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Continued)

	Yen in millions
	Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive income			Treasury stock, at cost			Sony Corporation’s stockholders’ equity			Noncontrolling interests			Total equity
Balance at March 31, 2017		860,645		1,275,337			984,368			(618,769	)		(4,335	)		2,497,246			638,176			3,135,422
Issuance of new shares		488		488												976						976
Exercise of stock acquisition rights		4,533		4,532												9,065						9,065
Conversion of convertible bonds		12		12												24						24
Stock-based compensation				3,160												3,160						3,160
Comprehensive income:
Net income							490,794									490,794			56,485			547,279
Other comprehensive income, net of tax —
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities										(444	)					(444	)		1,514			1,070
Unrealized losses on derivative instruments										(1,184	)					(1,184	)					(1,184	)
Pension liability adjustment										12,292						12,292			98			12,390
Foreign currency translation adjustments										(8,641	)					(8,641	)		2,306			(6,335	)
Total comprehensive income																492,817			60,403			553,220
Stock issue costs, net of tax				(879	)											(879	)					(879	)
Dividends declared (27.50 yen per share)							(34,775	)								(34,775	)		(14,361	)		(49,136	)
Purchase of treasury stock													(199	)		(199	)					(199	)
Reissuance of treasury stock				0									4			4						4
Transactions with noncontrolling interests shareholders and other				(73	)											(73	)		(4,427	)		(4,500	)
Balance at March 31, 2018		865,678		1,282,577			1,440,387			(616,746	)		(4,530	)		2,967,366			679,791			3,647,157

F-11

(Continued on following page.)

SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Continued)

	Yen in millions
	Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive income			Treasury stock, at cost			Sony Corporation’s stockholders’ equity			Noncontrolling interests			Total equity
Balance at March 31, 2018		865,678		1,282,577			1,440,387			(616,746	)		(4,530	)		2,967,366			679,791			3,647,157
Cumulative effect of newly adopted ASUs							7,976			(15,526	)					(7,550	)		5,432			(2,118	)
Issuance of new shares		431		431												862						862
Exercise of stock acquisition rights		8,174		8,174												16,348						16,348
Conversion of convertible bonds		8		8												16						16
Stock-based compensation				1,159												1,159						1,159
Comprehensive income:
Net income							916,271									916,271			50,279			966,550
Other comprehensive income, net of tax —
Unrealized gains on securities										24,370						24,370			8,915			33,285
Unrealized gains on derivative instruments										1,223						1,223						1,223
Pension liability adjustment										(14,013	)					(14,013	)		53			(13,960	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments										10,022						10,022			(1,578	)		8,444
Total comprehensive income																937,873			57,669			995,542
Stock issue costs, net of tax				(147	)											(147	)					(147	)
Dividends declared (35.00 yen per share)							(44,048	)								(44,048	)		(28,961	)		(73,009	)
Purchase of treasury stock													(100,177	)		(100,177	)					(100,177	)
Reissuance of treasury stock				1									3			4						4
Transactions with noncontrolling interests shareholders and other				(25,329	)											(25,329	)		(23,618	)		(48,947	)
Balance at March 31, 2019		874,291		1,266,874			2,320,586			(610,670	)		(104,704	)		3,746,377			690,313			4,436,690

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

F-12

SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Index to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Sony Corporation and Consolidated Subsidiaries

		Page
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1.	Nature of operations		F-14
2.	Summary of significant accounting policies		F-14
3.	Inventories		F-28
4.	Film costs		F-28
5.	Investments in affiliated companies		F-28
6.	Transfer of financial assets		F-30
7.	Marketable securities and securities investments		F-31
8.	Leases		F-34
9.	Goodwill and other intangible assets		F-35
10.	Insurance-related accounts		F-37
11.	Short-term borrowings and long-term debt		F-39
12.	Housing loans and deposits from customers in the banking business		F-41
13.	Fair value measurements		F-42
14.	Derivative instruments and hedging activities		F-49
15.	Pension and severance plans		F-53
16.	Stockholders’ equity		F-60
17.	Stock-based compensation plans		F-63
18.	Kumamoto Earthquake		F-64
19.	Revenue		F-65
20.	Restructuring charges		F-66
21.	Supplemental consolidated statements of income information		F-69
22.	Income taxes		F-70
23.	Reconciliation of the differences between basic and diluted EPS		F-74
24.	Variable interest entities		F-74
25.	Acquisitions		F-75
26.	Divestitures		F-77
27.	Collaborative arrangements		F-77
28.	Commitments, contingent liabilities and other		F-78
29.	Business segment information		F-79
30.	Subsequent events		F-85

F-13

SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Sony Corporation and Consolidated Subsidiaries

1. Nature of operations

Sony Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries (hereinafter collectively referred to as “Sony”) are engaged in the development, design, production, manufacture, offer and sale of various kinds of electronic equipment, instruments and devices for consumer, professional and industrial markets such as network services, game hardware and software, televisions, audio and video recorders and players, still and video cameras, mobile phones, and semiconductors. Sony’s primary manufacturing facilities are located in Asia including Japan. Sony also utilizes third-party contract manufacturers for certain products. Sony’s products and services are marketed throughout the world by sales subsidiaries and unaffiliated distributors as well as direct sales and offers via the internet. Sony is engaged in the development, production, manufacture, and distribution of recorded music and the management and licensing of the words and music of songs as well as production and distribution of animation titles, including game applications based on the animation titles. Sony is also engaged in the production, acquisition and distribution of motion pictures and television programming and the operation of television and digital networks. Further, Sony is also engaged in various financial services businesses, including life and non-life insurance operations through its Japanese insurance subsidiaries and banking operations through a Japanese internet-based banking subsidiary.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Certain adjustments and reclassifications have been incorporated in the accompanying consolidated financial statements to conform with U.S. GAAP. These adjustments were not recorded in the statutory books and records as Sony Corporation and its subsidiaries in Japan maintain their records and prepare their statutory financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Japan, while its foreign subsidiaries maintain their records and prepare their financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the countries of their domicile.

(1) Significant accounting policies

Basis of consolidation and accounting for investments in affiliated companies -

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Sony Corporation and its majority-owned subsidiary companies, general partnerships and other entities in which Sony has a controlling interest, and variable interest entities for which Sony is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany transactions and accounts are eliminated. Investments in business entities in which Sony does not have control, but has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies, generally through 20-50% ownership, are accounted for under the equity method. In addition, investments in general partnerships in which Sony does not have a controlling interest and limited partnerships are also accounted for under the equity method if more than minor influence over the operation of the investee exists (generally through more than 3-5% ownership). When the interest in the partnership is so minor that Sony has no significant influence over the operation of the investee, the interest in the partnership is carried at fair value. Under the equity method, investments are stated at cost plus/minus Sony’s portion of equity in undistributed earnings or losses. Sony’s equity in current earnings or losses of such entities is reported net of income taxes and is included in operating income (loss) after the elimination of unrealized intercompany profits. If the value of an investment has declined and is judged to be other-than-temporary, the investment is written down to its estimated fair value.

On occasion, a consolidated subsidiary or an affiliated company accounted for by the equity method may issue its shares to third parties in either a public or private offering or upon conversion of convertible debt to common stock at amounts per share in excess of or less than Sony’s average per share carrying value. With respect to such transactions, the resulting gains or losses arising from the change in ownership interest are recorded in earnings within the fiscal year in which the change in interest transactions occurs.

Gains or losses that result from a loss of a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary are recorded in earnings along with fair value remeasurement gains or losses on any retained investment in the entity, while a change in interest of a consolidated subsidiary that does not result in a change in control is accounted for as a capital transaction and no gains or losses are recorded in earnings.

F-14

SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

The excess of the cost over the underlying net equity of investments in consolidated subsidiaries and affiliated companies accounted for on an equity basis is allocated to identifiable tangible and intangible assets and liabilities based on fair values at the date of acquisition. The unassigned residual value of the excess of the cost over Sony’s underlying net equity is recognized as goodwill as a component of the investment balance.

Use of estimates -

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates include those used in determining the valuation of investment securities, valuation of inventories, fair values of long-lived assets, fair values of goodwill and other intangible assets, fair values of assets and liabilities assumed in business combinations, product warranty liability, pension and severance plans, valuation of deferred tax assets, uncertain tax positions, film costs, and insurance related liabilities. Actual results could significantly differ from those estimates.

Translation of foreign currencies -

All asset and liability accounts of foreign subsidiaries and affiliates are translated into Japanese yen at appropriate fiscal year end exchange rates and all income and expense accounts are translated at exchange rates that approximate those rates prevailing at the time of the transactions. The resulting translation adjustments are accumulated as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Upon remeasurement of a previously held equity interest in accordance with the accounting guidance for business combinations achieved in stages, accumulated translation adjustments, if any, are included in earnings.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at appropriate fiscal year end exchange rates and the resulting translation gains or losses are recognized into income.

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash -

Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments, with original maturities of three months or less, that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and are so near maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Sony includes restricted cash within cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows.

Marketable debt and equity securities -

Debt securities designated as available-for-sale are carried at fair value with unrealized gains or losses included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. Equity securities, and debt securities classified as trading securities, are carried at fair value with unrealized gains or losses included in income. Debt securities that are expected to be held-to-maturity are carried at amortized cost. Individual securities classified as either available-for-sale or held-to-maturity are reduced to fair value by a charge to income when an other-than-temporary impairment is recognized. Realized gains and losses are determined on the average cost method and are reflected in income.

Sony regularly evaluates its investment portfolio to identify other-than-temporary impairments of individual debt securities. Factors that are considered by Sony in determining whether an other-than-temporary decline in value has occurred include: the length of time and extent to which the market value of the security has been less than its original cost, the financial condition, operating results, business plans and estimated future cash flows of the issuer of the security, other specific factors affecting the market value, deterioration of the credit condition of the issuer, sovereign risk, and whether or not Sony is able to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for the anticipated recovery in market value.

In evaluating the factors for debt securities designated as available-for-sale , Sony presumes a decline in value to be other-than-temporary if the fair value of the security is 20 percent or more below its original cost for an extended period of time (generally for a period of up to six months). This criterion is employed as a threshold to identify securities which may have a decline in value that is other-than-temporary. The presumption of an other-than-temporary impairment in such cases may be overcome if there is evidence to support that the decline

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is temporary in nature due to the existence of other factors which overcome the duration or magnitude of the decline. On the other hand, there may be cases where impairment losses are recognized when the decline in the fair value of the security is not more than 20 percent or such decline has not existed for an extended period of time, as a result of considering specific factors which may indicate that the decline in the fair value is other-than-temporary.

When an other-than-temporary impairment of a held-to-maturity debt security has occurred, the amount of the other-than-temporary impairment recognized in income depends on whether Sony intends to sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost. If the debt security meets either of these two criteria, the other-than-temporary impairment is recognized in income, measured as the entire difference between the security’s amortized cost and its fair value at the impairment measurement date. For other-than-temporary impairment of the debt security that does not meet these two criteria, the net amount recognized in income is a credit loss, which equals the difference between the amortized cost of the debt security and its net present value calculated by discounting Sony’s best estimate of projected future cash flows at the effective interest rate implicit in the debt security prior to impairment. Any difference between the fair value and the net present value of the debt security at the impairment measurement date is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. Unrealized gains or losses on securities for which an other-than-temporary impairment has been recognized in income are presented as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income.

Equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values -

Equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values are measured at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment in the same issuer. If the value of equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values is estimated to have declined and such decline is judged to be other-than-temporary, Sony recognizes the impairment of the investment and the carrying value is reduced to its fair value. Determination of impairment is based on the consideration of several factors, including operating results, business plans and estimated future cash flows. Fair value is determined through the use of various methodologies such as discounted cash flows, valuation of recent financings and comparable valuations of similar companies.

Allowance for doubtful accounts -

Sony maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts to reserve for potentially uncollectible receivables. Sony reviews accounts receivable by amounts due from customers which are past due to identify specific customers with known disputes or collectability issues. In determining the amount of the reserve, Sony makes judgments about the creditworthiness of customers based on past collection experience and ongoing credit risk evaluations.

Inventories -

Inventories in the Game & Network Services (“G&NS”), Music, Home Entertainment & Sound (“HE&S”), Imaging Products & Solutions (“IP&S”), Mobile Communications (“MC”) and Semiconductors segments as well as non-film inventories for the Pictures segment are valued at cost, not in excess of the net realizable value – i.e., estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion and disposal, cost being determined on the “average cost” basis, except for the cost of finished products carried by certain subsidiary companies which is determined on the “first-in, first-out” basis.

Other receivables -

Other receivables include receivables which relate to arrangements with certain component manufacturers whereby Sony procures goods, including product components, for these component manufacturers and is reimbursed for the related purchases. No revenue or profit is recognized on these transfers. Sony will repurchase the inventory at a later date from the component manufacturers as either finished goods inventory or as partially assembled product.

Film costs -

Film costs include direct production costs, production overhead and acquisition costs for both motion picture and television productions and are stated at the lower of unamortized cost or estimated fair value and classified as noncurrent assets. Film costs are amortized, and the estimated liabilities for residuals and

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participations are accrued using an individual-film-forecast method based on the ratio of current period actual revenues to the estimated remaining total revenues. Film costs also include broadcasting rights, which are recognized when the license period begins and the program is available for use, and consist of acquired programming to be aired on Sony’s worldwide channel network. Broadcasting rights are stated at the lower of unamortized cost or net realizable value, classified as either current or noncurrent assets based on timing of expected use. Broadcasting rights are amortized based on estimated usage or on a straight-line basis over the useful life, as appropriate, although broadcasting rights licensed under multi-year live-event sports programming agreements are generally amortized based on the ratio of the current period’s actual advertising revenue and an allocation of subscription fee revenue to the estimated total remaining attributable revenues. Estimates used in calculating the fair value of film costs and the net realizable value of broadcasting rights are based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions and are reviewed on a periodic basis.

Property, plant and equipment and depreciation -

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method. Useful lives for depreciation range from two to 50 years for buildings and from two to 10 years for machinery and equipment. Significant renewals and additions are capitalized at cost. Maintenance and repairs, and minor renewals and betterments are charged to income as incurred.

Goodwill and other intangible assets -

Goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are tested annually for impairment during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below its carrying amount. Such an event or change in circumstances would include unfavorable variances from established business plans, significant changes in forecasted results or volatility inherent to external markets and industries, which are periodically reviewed by Sony’s management.

In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony elected not to perform an optional qualitative assessment of goodwill and instead proceeded directly to a quantitative impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. Reporting units are Sony’s operating segments or one level below the operating segments. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not considered impaired. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. Indefinite lived intangible assets are tested for impairment by comparing the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying value, and if the carrying value of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

The fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite lived intangible asset is generally determined using a discounted cash flow analysis. This approach uses significant estimates and assumptions, including projected future cash flows, the timing of such cash flows, discount rates reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, perpetual growth rates, earnings multiples, the determination of appropriate comparable entities and the determination of whether a premium or discount should be applied to comparables. Consideration is also given to Sony’s market capitalization in relation to the sum of the calculated fair values of the reporting units, including reporting units with no goodwill, and taking into account corporate level assets and liabilities not assigned to individual reporting units as well as a reasonable control premium.

The assumptions used for projected future cash flows and the timing of such cash flows are based on the forecast and mid-range plan (“MRP”) of each reporting unit and take into account such factors as historical experience, market and industry information, and current and forecasted economic conditions. Perpetual growth rates are utilized to determine a terminal cash flow value and are generally set after the three-year forecasted period for the MRP. Certain reporting units, such as those in the Pictures segment, utilize longer forecast periods and base the terminal value on an exit price using an earnings multiple applied to the final year of the forecasted earnings, which also takes into consideration a control premium. Discount rates are derived from the weighted average cost of capital of market participants in similar businesses.

When a business within a reporting unit is disposed of, goodwill is allocated to the disposed business using the relative fair value method.

Intangible assets with finite useful lives mainly consist of patent rights, know-how, license agreements, customer relationships, trademarks, software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed, internal-use software,

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music catalogs, artist contracts, and television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements). Patent rights, know-how, license agreements, trademarks, software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed, and internal-use software are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over three to 10 years. Customer relationships, music catalogs, artist contracts and television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements) are amortized on a straight-line basis, generally, over 10 to 44 years.

Capitalized software -

The costs related to establishing the technological feasibility of software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed are expensed as incurred as a part of research and development in cost of sales. Costs that are incurred to produce the finished product after technological feasibility is established are capitalized and amortized to cost of sales over the estimated economic life, which is generally three years. The technological feasibility of game software is established when the product master is completed. Consideration to capitalize game software development costs before this point is limited to the development costs of games for which technological feasibility can be proven at an earlier stage. At each balance sheet date, Sony performs reviews to ensure that unamortized capitalized software costs remain recoverable from future profits of the related software products.

The costs incurred for internal-use software during the application development stage are capitalized and amortized, mainly to selling, general and administrative expenses, on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life. Costs related to the preliminary project stage and post implementation activities are expensed as incurred.

Deferred insurance acquisition costs -

Costs that vary with and are directly related to acquiring new insurance policies are deferred as long as they are recoverable. The deferred insurance acquisition costs include such items as commissions, medical examination costs and inspection report fees, and are subject to recoverability testing at least annually to ensure that the capitalized amounts do not exceed the present value of anticipated gross profits or premiums less benefits and maintenance expenses, as applicable. The deferred insurance acquisition costs for traditional life insurance contracts are amortized over the premium-paying period of the related insurance policies using assumptions consistent with those used in computing policy reserves. The deferred insurance acquisition costs for non-traditional life insurance contracts are amortized over the expected life in proportion to the estimated gross profits.

Product warranty -

Sony provides for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. The product warranty is calculated based upon product sales, estimated probability of failure and estimated cost per claim. The variables used in the calculation of the provision are reviewed on a periodic basis.

Future insurance policy benefits -

Liabilities for future insurance policy benefits are primarily comprised of the present value of estimated future payments to policyholders. These liabilities are computed by the net level premium method based upon the assumptions as to future investment yield, morbidity, mortality, withdrawals and other factors. These assumptions are reviewed on a periodic basis. Liabilities for future insurance policy benefits also include liabilities for guaranteed benefits related to certain non-traditional life and annuity contracts.

Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business -

Liabilities for policyholders’ account in the life insurance business represent the contract value that has accrued to the benefit of the policyholders as of the balance sheet date. This liability is generally equal to the accumulated account deposits, plus interest credited, less policyholder withdrawals and other charges assessed against the account balances.

Impairment of long-lived assets -

Sony reviews the recoverability of the carrying value of its long-lived assets held and used, other than goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives, and assets to be disposed of, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the individual carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable.

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Long-lived assets to be held and used are reviewed for impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset or asset group with their estimated undiscounted future cash flows. If the cash flows are determined to be less than the carrying value of the asset or asset group, an impairment loss would be recognized during the period for the amount by which the carrying value of the asset or asset group exceeds estimated fair value. Long-lived assets that are to be disposed of other than by sale are considered held and used until they are disposed of. Long-lived assets that are to be disposed of by sale are reported at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less cost to sell and are not depreciated. Fair value is determined using the present value of estimated net cash flows or comparable market values. This approach uses significant estimates and assumptions including projected future cash flows, the timing of such cash flows, discount rates reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, perpetual growth rates applied to determine terminal values, determination of appropriate market comparables and the determination of whether a premium or discount should be applied to comparables.

Fair value measurement -

Sony measures fair value as an exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. Sony has elected the fair value option in the banking business for certain foreign securities. The election was made to mitigate accounting mismatches related to fluctuations of foreign exchange rates by allowing the gains and losses on the translation of these securities to be included in current earnings.

The accounting guidance for fair value measurements specifies a hierarchy of inputs to valuation techniques based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect Sony’s assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Observable market data is used if such data is available without undue cost and effort. Each fair value measurement is reported in one of three levels which is determined by the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

These levels are:

Level 1	—	Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.
Level 2	—	Inputs are based on observable inputs other than level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations, in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets.
Level 3	—	One or more significant inputs are unobservable.

When available, Sony uses unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets to measure fair value and classifies such items within level 1. If quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed valuation techniques that use, where possible, current market-based or independently sourced market parameters, such as interest rates, currency rates and option volatilities. Items valued using internally generated models are classified according to the lowest level input that is significant to the valuation. For certain financial assets and liabilities, Sony determines fair value using third-party information such as indicative quotes from dealers and quantitative input from investment advisors following Sony’s established valuation procedures including validation against internally developed prices. Additionally, Sony considers both counterparty credit risk and Sony’s own creditworthiness in determining fair value. Sony attempts to mitigate credit risk to third parties by entering into netting agreements and actively monitoring the creditworthiness of counterparties and its exposure to credit risk through the use of credit limits and by selecting major international banks and financial institutions as counterparties.

Transfers between levels are deemed to have occurred at the beginning of the interim period in which the transfers occur.

Derivative financial instruments -

All derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value on a gross basis. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments are either recognized periodically in income or stockholders’ equity (as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income), depending on whether the derivative financial instrument qualifies as a hedge and the derivative is being used to hedge changes in fair value or cash flows.

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The accounting guidance for hybrid financial instruments permits an entity to elect fair value remeasurement for any hybrid financial instrument if the hybrid instrument contains an embedded derivative that would otherwise be required to be bifurcated and accounted for separately under accounting guidance for derivative instruments and hedging activities. The election to measure the hybrid instrument at fair value is made on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irreversible. Certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment had hybrid financial instruments, disclosed in Note 7 as debt securities, that contain embedded derivatives where the entire instrument was carried at fair value.

In accordance with accounting guidance for derivative instruments and hedging activities, various derivative financial instruments held by Sony are classified and accounted for as described below.

Fair value hedges

Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and effective as fair value hedges for recognized assets or liabilities or unrecognized firm commitments are recognized in earnings as offsets to changes in the fair value of the related hedged assets or liabilities.

Cash flow hedges

Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and effective as cash flow hedges for forecasted transactions or exposures associated with recognized assets or liabilities are initially recorded in other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. Changes in the fair value of the ineffective portion are recognized immediately in earnings.

Derivatives not designated as hedges

Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are not designated as hedges are recognized immediately in earnings.

Assessment of hedges

When applying hedge accounting, Sony formally documents all hedging relationships between the derivatives designated as hedges and the hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking various hedging activities. Sony links all hedges that are designated as fair value or cash flow hedges to specific assets or liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets or to the specific forecasted transactions. Sony also assesses, both at the inception of the hedge and on an on-going basis, whether the derivatives that are designated as hedges are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows of hedged items. When it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge, Sony discontinues hedge accounting. Hedge ineffectiveness, if any, is included immediately in earnings.

Stock-based compensation -

Sony accounts for stock-based compensation using the fair value based method, measured on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The expense is mainly included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Stock-based compensation is recognized, net of an estimated forfeiture rate, over the requisite service period using the accelerated method of amortization for grants with graded vesting. The estimated forfeiture rate is based on Sony’s historical experience in the stock acquisition rights plans where the majority of the vesting terms have been satisfied.

Revenue recognition -

Sony recognizes revenue in an amount that reflects the consideration Sony expects in exchange for satisfying performance obligations to transfer the goods or services promised in contracts with customers. This is in accordance with the following steps:

Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer.

Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract.

Step 3: Determine the transaction price.

Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract.

Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) Sony satisfies a performance obligation.

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Sony owns a variety of intellectual property throughout segments and recognizes revenue through the licensing of such intellectual property. Sony has both functional and symbolic intellectual property. The licensing of functional intellectual property grants a customer a right to use Sony’s intellectual property as it exists at a point in time, and Sony satisfies its performance obligation at the point in time when the customer obtains control and is entitled to benefit from the license. The licensing of symbolic intellectual property grants a customer a right to access Sony’s intellectual property over time, and Sony satisfies its performance obligation over the license period as Sony maintains the intellectual property.

Incremental costs of obtaining a contract and costs to fulfill a contract are recognized as assets when Sony expects to recover these costs. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are those costs that would not have been incurred if the contract had not been obtained. Costs to fulfill a contract are those costs that are directly related to a contract or to an anticipated contract and that generate or enhance resources for Sony to satisfy its performance obligations. Sony applies a practical expedient and recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that would have been recognized is one year or less.

Revenues from sales in the HE&S, IP&S, MC and Semiconductors segments are recognized when (or as) performance obligations in contracts with customers are satisfied by transferring control over a promised good or service to a customer. If the sales contract contains a customer acceptance provision, then revenues are recognized after customer acceptance occurs or the acceptance provisions lapse. Revenues are recognized net of anticipated returns and sales incentives.

Within the G&NS segment, revenues from hardware, peripherals and software discs are recognized when performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control to the retailer/distributor, net of anticipated returns, sales incentives and cooperative advertising obligations. Revenues from platform licensing to publishers are recognized when physical software discs are delivered. Revenues from digital game content, which is licensed functional intellectual property, are recognized when the digital content is made available for use by the licensee via an online platform, net of anticipated sales incentives and credit card chargebacks. Revenues from digital game content involving multiple performance obligations, such as obligations to make content available on future dates, are allocated to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling prices that are observable in the market or Sony’s best estimate. Revenues from subscription fees for digital subscription services are recognized over the subscription period.

Within the Music segment, Sony licenses intellectual property that transfer to a customer either a right to use Sony’s intellectual property as it exists at the point in time in which the license is granted, or a right to access Sony’s intellectual property as it exists throughout the license period. Revenues are recognized when the customer has the right to use or access the intellectual property and obtains control of the use or access of that license. Digital revenues include revenues from contracts with digital streaming services typically recognized as a single performance obligation, which is ongoing access to intellectual property in an evolving library of content over the contract term, predicated on: (1) the business practice and contractual ability to remove specific content without a requirement to replace the content and without impact to minimum royalty guarantees and (2) the contracts not containing a specific listing of content subject to the license. For these contracts, revenues are recognized on the basis of sales and usage royalties, except where there is an amount of a minimum royalty guarantee that is not expected to be recouped, or a fixed fee, which is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. Revenues from the sale of physical product such as CDs, net of anticipated returns and sales incentives, are recognized when delivery has occurred and the product is available for sale to the public.

Within the Pictures segment, revenues from the theatrical exhibition of motion pictures are recognized as the customer exhibits the film. Revenues from the licensing of motion picture and television programming for pay and free television exhibition and other markets are recognized when the product is available for use by the licensee. Revenues for motion picture and television program licensing arrangements involving multiple performance obligations, for example a fee for multiple titles, territories or availability dates, are allocated based on the relative standalone selling price of each performance obligation using Sony’s best estimate based on available information such as market conditions and internal pricing guidelines. Each individual motion picture or television programming product delivered generally represents a separate performance obligation. Licensing revenue associated with certain renewals or extensions of existing agreements for motion pictures and television programming is recognized when the licensee can use and benefit from the content under the renewal or extension. Licensing revenue associated with minimum guarantees for symbolic intellectual property is recognized ratably over the license term. For home entertainment distribution, revenues from the sale of physical

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product such as DVDs and Blu-ray Disc^TM, net of anticipated returns and sales incentives, are recognized when delivery has occurred and the product is available for sale to the public. Revenues from electronic sell-through and video-on-demand are recognized when the product is made available for viewing via digital distribution platforms. Revenues from the sale of broadcast advertising are recognized when the advertisement is aired, and the performance obligation in these arrangements is the delivery of advertising spots and may include a guaranteed amount of impressions. When a guarantee for a number of impressions is not achieved, revenues are not recognized until additional advertising spots are delivered to provide the guaranteed impressions. Revenues from subscription fees received by television networks are recognized when the service is provided. The performance obligation under network subscription arrangements is a license of functional intellectual property that is satisfied as programming is provided over the term of the arrangement.

Traditional life insurance policies that the life insurance subsidiary underwrites, most of which are categorized as long-duration contracts, mainly consist of whole life, term life and accident and health insurance contracts. Premiums from these policies are reported as revenue when due from policyholders.

Amounts received as payment for non-traditional contracts such as interest sensitive whole life contracts, individual annuity contracts and other contracts without life contingencies are recognized in policyholders’ account in the life insurance business. Revenues from these contracts are comprised of fees earned for administrative and contract-holder services, which are recognized over the period of the contracts, and included in financial services revenue.

Property and casualty insurance policies that the non-life insurance subsidiary underwrites are primarily automotive insurance contracts which are categorized as short-duration contracts. Premiums from these policies are reported as revenue over the period of the contract in proportion to the amount of insurance protection provided.

Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers and subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

As of April 1, 2018, Sony adopted the new accounting standard related to the recognition of revenue in contracts with customers on a modified retrospective basis, and therefore comparative information has not been restated. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position. Refer to Note 2 (2) Recently adopted accounting pronouncements.

Cost of sales -

Costs classified as cost of sales relate to the producing and manufacturing of products and include items such as material cost, subcontractor cost, depreciation of fixed assets, amortization of intangible assets, personnel expenses, research and development costs, and amortization of film costs related to motion picture and television productions.

Research and development costs -

Research and development costs, included in cost of sales, include items such as salaries, personnel expenses and other direct and indirect expenses associated with research and product development. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Selling, general and administrative -

Costs classified as selling expenses relate to promoting and selling products and include items such as advertising, promotion, shipping and warranty expenses. General and administrative expenses include operating items such as officers’ salaries, personnel expenses, depreciation of fixed assets, office rental for sales, marketing and administrative divisions, a provision for doubtful accounts and amortization of intangible assets.

Financial services expenses -

Financial services expenses include a provision for policy reserves and amortization of deferred insurance acquisition costs, and all other operating costs, such as personnel expenses, depreciation of fixed assets, and office rental of subsidiaries, in the Financial Services segment.

Advertising costs -

Advertising costs are expensed when the advertisement or commercial appears in the selected media.

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SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Shipping and handling costs -

The majority of shipping and handling, warehousing and internal transfer costs for finished goods are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. An exception to this is in the Pictures segment where such costs are charged to cost of sales as they are an integral part of producing and distributing motion pictures and television programming. All other costs related to Sony’s distribution network are included in cost of sales, including inbound freight charges, purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs and warehousing costs for raw materials and in-process inventory. Shipping and handling activities that occur after control of the related good transfers are treated as separate performance obligations. Amounts paid by customers for shipping and handling costs are included in net sales.

Income taxes -

The provision for income taxes is computed based on the pretax income included in the consolidated statements of income, and the tax liability attributed to undistributed earnings of subsidiaries and affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method expected to be remitted in the foreseeable future. The asset and liability approach is used to recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities.

Carrying amounts of deferred tax assets require a reduction by a valuation allowance if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. Accordingly, the need to establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets is assessed periodically with appropriate consideration given to all positive and negative evidence related to the realization of the deferred tax assets. Management’s judgments related to this assessment consider, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses on an individual tax jurisdiction basis, forecasts of future profitability after consideration of uncertain tax positions, excess of appreciated asset value over the tax basis of net assets, the duration of statutory carryforward periods, the past utilization of net operating loss carryforwards prior to expiration, as well as prudent and feasible tax planning strategies which would be employed by Sony to prevent net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards from expiring unutilized.

Sony records assets and liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Sony continues to recognize interest and penalties, if any, with respect to income taxes, including unrecognized tax benefits, as interest expense and as income tax expense, respectively, in the consolidated statements of income. The amount of income taxes Sony pays is subject to ongoing audits by various taxing authorities, which may result in proposed assessments. In addition, several significant items related to intercompany transfer pricing are currently the subject of negotiations between taxing authorities in different jurisdictions as a result of pending advance pricing agreement applications and competent authority requests. Sony’s estimate for the potential outcome for any uncertain tax issues is judgmental and requires significant estimates. Sony assesses its income tax positions and records tax benefits for all years subject to examinations based upon the evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at that reporting date. For those tax positions for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, Sony records the amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. If Sony does not believe that it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit is recognized. However, Sony’s future results may include favorable or unfavorable adjustments to Sony’s estimated tax liabilities due to closure of income tax examinations, the outcome of negotiations between taxing authorities in different jurisdictions, new regulatory or judicial pronouncements or other relevant events. As a result, the amount of unrecognized tax benefits, and the effective tax rate, may fluctuate significantly.

The impact of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “U.S. Tax Reform Act”) was recorded on a provisional basis as defined in Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. Additional guidance was issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury on several provisions including the computation of the transition tax on historic foreign earnings. Further analysis was performed and conclusions reached as part of the tax return filing process. Sony completed its accounting analysis and no material difference to the provisional amount was recorded in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

The U.S. Tax Reform Act subjects a U.S. entity to tax on Global Intangible Low Tax Income (“GILTI”) earned by its foreign subsidiaries. Sony has elected to account for GILTI as a current period expense when incurred.

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Net income (loss) attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders per share (“EPS”) -

Basic EPS is computed based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. The computation of diluted EPS reflects the maximum possible dilution from conversion, exercise, or contingent issuance of securities. All potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation in a situation where there is a net loss attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders.

(2) Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

Revenue from contracts with customers -

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09 addressing revenue recognition which superseded the previous revenue recognition requirements, including most industry-specific guidance. This ASU requires an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2018, and has been applied on a modified retrospective basis. Sony applied this ASU to all open contracts existing as of April 1, 2018, recognizing in beginning retained earnings an adjustment for the cumulative effect of the change.

Although the adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position, there are several areas where Sony’s revenue recognition changed as compared with historical U.S. GAAP. The more significant of these areas are as follows:

In the Pictures segment, (1) licensing revenue associated with certain renewals or extensions of existing agreements for motion pictures and television programming is recognized at a later point in time, which is when the licensee can use and benefit from the content, instead of when the agreement is renewed or extended, and (2) licensing revenue associated with minimum guarantees for symbolic intellectual property (e.g., brands, trademarks and logos) is recognized over the license term instead of at the inception of the license term.

In the MC segment, the incremental costs of obtaining contracts for the internet-related service business are recognized as assets and amortized to expense over the contract period.

In addition, the ASU changed the presentation of certain items in the consolidated financial statements, such as sales returns, with no impact to the timing of the recognition of revenue or expense.

The following chart illustrates the amounts by which each summarized income statement line item was affected by the adoption of this ASU:

	Yen in millions Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
	As Reported		Adjustments of ASU 2014-09			Without Adoption of ASU 2014-09
Sales and operating revenue		8,665,687		(11,570	)		8,677,257
Costs of sales		5,150,750		(19,018	)		5,169,768
Selling, general and administrative		1,576,825		1,366			1,575,459
Others		1,043,877		—			1,043,877
Operating income		894,235		6,082			888,153

Recognition and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities -

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01 amending various aspects of the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. The changes mainly relate to the requirement to measure equity investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries, other than those accounted for under the equity method of accounting, at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. However, this ASU permits entities to elect to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2018. As a result of the adoption of this ASU, Sony reclassified 15,526 million yen in unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, on equity securities previously classified as available-for-sale, from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. In addition, changes in value due to the revaluation of equity securities held in the Financial

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SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Services segment at the end of the period are recorded in financial services revenue, and changes in value due to the revaluation of equity securities held in all segments other than the Financial Services segment are recorded in gain on equity securities, net in the consolidated statement of income.

Intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory -

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, which amends the accounting for income taxes. This update requires recognition of the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of assets other than inventory when the transfer occurs. Under historical U.S. GAAP, the income tax consequences for asset transfers other than inventory could not be recognized until the asset was sold to a third party. This ASU is required to be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Changes to the opening balances resulting from the adoption of the above ASUs were as follows:

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2018			Impact of Adoption									April 1, 2018
				ASU 2014-09			ASU 2016-01			ASU 2016-16
ASSETS
Current assets:
Notes and accounts receivable, trade		1,061,442			(2,993	)		—			—			1,058,449
Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns*		(48,663	)		25,114			—			—			(23,549	)
Inventories		692,937			(12,404	)		—			—			680,533
Other receivables		190,706			9,628			—			—			200,334
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		516,744			(5,520	)		—			—			511,224
Film costs		327,645			7,647			—			—			335,292
Other assets:
Deferred income taxes		96,772			(326	)		—			—			96,446
Other		325,167			1,068			—			—			326,235
Total assets		19,065,538			22,214			—			—			19,087,752
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable, other and accrued expenses		1,514,433			(3,290	)		—			—			1,511,143
Other*		610,792			31,777			—			—			642,569
Deferred income taxes		449,863			—			—			(14,680	)		435,183
Other		278,338			10,525			—			—			288,863
Total liabilities		15,409,171			39,012			—			(14,680	)		15,433,503
EQUITY
Retained earnings		1,440,387			(16,798	)		15,526			9,248			1,448,363
Unrealized gains on securities, net		126,191			—			(15,526	)		—			110,665
Noncontrolling interests		679,791			—			—			5,432			685,223
Total equity		3,647,157			(16,798	)		—			14,680			3,645,039
Total liabilities and equity		19,065,538			22,214			—			—			19,087,752

* Under ASU 2014-09, Sony presents sales returns as a liability instead of as a contra-asset allowance. Accordingly, Sony changed the presentation from “Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns” to “Allowance for doubtful accounts” on the consolidated balance sheet.

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SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments -

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, which clarifies the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Restricted cash -

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, which requires that restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be included with cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. This ASU also requires entities to disclose how the statement of cash flows that includes restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents with cash and cash equivalents reconciles to the balance sheet. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2018 and has been applied on a retrospective basis. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Clarifying the definition of a business -

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01 which clarifies the definition of a business. The ASU requires an entity to first determine whether substantially all of the fair value of a set of assets acquired is concentrated in either a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. If this criterion is met, the acquired set of assets is not deemed to be a business. If the criterion is not met, the entity must then evaluate whether the set of assets meets the requirement to be deemed a business. To be considered a business, the acquired set of assets would have to include an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Presentation of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs -

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, which requires separate presentation of service costs and other components of net benefit costs. The service costs will only be presented with other employee compensation costs in operating income or capitalized, while the other components of net benefit costs will be presented outside of operating income, and will not be eligible for capitalization. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2018. This ASU is required to be applied on a retrospective basis for the presentation of service costs and other components of net benefit costs, and on a prospective basis for the capitalization of only the service costs component of net benefit costs. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

(3) Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

Leases -

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, which amends current leasing guidance. The ASU requires substantially all leases to be recognized on the balance sheet. This ASU is effective for Sony as of April 1, 2019, and will be applied on a modified retrospective basis with no restatement of comparative periods. While Sony is continuing to assess all potential impacts of the standard, Sony currently believes the most significant impact relates to Sony’s accounting for right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases of real estate. Sony estimates the adoption of this ASU will result in the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases of real estate in the range of approximately 300 billion yen to 350 billion yen each for real estate. Although not significant, other leases including machinery and equipment will be also capitalized.

Measurement of credit losses on financial instruments -

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, which amends the accounting guidance for credit losses on financial instruments. The ASU requires the consideration of all available relevant information when estimating expected credit losses, including past events, current conditions and forecasts and their implications for expected credit losses. This ASU will be effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020. The impact of this ASU on Sony’s results of operations and financial position is being evaluated.

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Premium amortization on purchased callable debt securities -

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, which requires certain premiums on callable debt securities to be amortized to the earliest call date. The amortization period for callable debt securities purchased at a discount will not be affected. This ASU is effective for Sony as of April 1, 2019. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Targeted improvements to accounting for hedging activities -

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, which made targeted improvements to the accounting for hedging activities. The amendments in this update simplify certain aspects of hedge accounting for both non-financial and financial risks and better align the recognition and measurement of hedge results with an entity’s risk management activities. This ASU also amends certain presentation and disclosure requirements for hedging activities and changes how an entity assesses hedge effectiveness. This ASU is effective for Sony as of April 1, 2019. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Improvements to Accounting for Costs of Films and License Agreements for Program Materials -

In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-02. The ASU updates the guidance for the capitalization of film costs associated with episodic television series, requires the use of fair value rather than net realizable value when determining potential impairments of broadcasting rights, and modifies the presentation and disclosure requirements for films and broadcasting rights. In addition, upon capitalization of film costs entities are required to determine qualitatively whether the predominant monetization strategy is on a title-by-title basis or together with other films and/or broadcast rights as part of a film group, such as in the case of a release of a film as part of a library of content on a streaming service. In the case of a film group, impairments are evaluated at the overall film group level rather than the individual title level. This ASU will be effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020. The impact of this ASU on Sony’s results of operations and financial position is being evaluated.

Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts -

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-12, which revises the accounting for certain long-duration insurance contracts. The ASU prescribes comprehensive changes to recognition and measurement of certain long-duration insurance contracts and assumptions and introduces certain financial statement presentation requirements, as well as significant additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures. This ASU will be effective for Sony as of April 1, 2021. The impact of this ASU on Sony’s results of operations and financial position is being evaluated.

Disclosures for Fair Value Measurement -

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, which amends disclosure requirements related to fair value measurement. This ASU will be effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020. Since this ASU will only impact disclosures, the adoption will have no impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Disclosures for Defined Benefit Plans -

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, which amends disclosure requirements related to defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans. This ASU will be effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020 and will be applied on a retrospective basis. Since this ASU will only impact disclosures, the adoption will have no impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

(4) Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications of the financial statements and accompanying footnotes for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017 and 2018 have been made to conform to the presentation for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

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3. Inventories

Inventories are comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018		2019
Finished products		422,461		407,295
Work in process		153,257		154,178
Raw materials, purchased components and supplies		117,219		91,805
Inventories		692,937		653,278

4. Film costs

Film costs are comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018			2019
Motion picture productions:
Released		81,755			87,158
Completed and not released		1,728			3,189
In production and development		78,868			130,736
Television productions:
Released		127,790			144,316
In production and development		1,174			9,147
Broadcasting rights		72,125			70,401
Less: current portion of broadcasting rights included in inventories		(35,795	)		(35,942	)
Film costs		327,645			409,005

Sony estimates that approximately 93% of the unamortized film costs of released motion picture and television productions at March 31, 2019 will be amortized within the next three years. Approximately 168 billion yen of completed film costs are expected to be amortized during the next twelve months. Approximately 166 billion yen of accrued participation liabilities included in accounts payable, other and accrued expenses are expected to be paid during the next twelve months.

5. Investments in affiliated companies

The summarized combined financial information that is based on information provided by the equity investees including information for significant equity affiliates and the reconciliation of such information to the consolidated financial statements is shown below:

Balance Sheets

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018			2019
Current assets		404,658			355,320
Noncurrent assets		868,455			608,626
Current liabilities		273,067			188,905
Noncurrent liabilities and noncontrolling interests		768,007			584,714
Percentage of ownership in equity investees		20%-50	%		20%-50	%

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Statements of Income

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Net revenues		387,229			468,933			390,457
Operating income		37,800			56,729			53,920
Net income attributable to controlling interests		11,529			27,301			5,539
Percentage of ownership in equity investees		20%-50	%		20%-50	%		20%-50	%

On November 14, 2018, Sony Corporation of America, Sony’s wholly-owned subsidiary, completed the acquisition of the entirety of the approximately 60% equity interest held by the investor consortium led by the Mubadala Investment Company in DH Publishing, L.P. (“EMI”) , which owned and managed EMI Music Publishing. As a result of this acquisition, EMI became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony as described in Note 25.

On January 30, 2017, Sony sold 17,302,700 shares of its 127,381,600 shares in its affiliated company M3, Inc. (“M3”) to a third party for cash consideration of 51,968 million yen, which is included within other in the investing activities section of the consolidated statements of cash flows. In connection with the sale, Sony’s share ownership decreased from 39.35% to 34.0% of the issued and outstanding shares of M3 and Sony recorded a gain of 37,167 million yen in other operating (income) expense, net in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017. Sony continues to account for its remaining interest in M3 under the equity method. Sony remains a major shareholder of M3 and will continue to pursue opportunities to collaborate with M3 in certain business areas, including medical.

The carrying value of Sony’s investment in M3 exceeded its proportionate share in the underlying net assets of M3 by 102,696 million yen at March 31, 2019. The excess is substantially attributable to the remeasurement to fair value of the remaining shares of M3, and allocated to identifiable tangible and intangible assets. The intangible assets relate primarily to M3’s medical web-portal. The unassigned residual value of the excess is recognized as goodwill as a component of the investment balance. The amounts allocated to intangible assets are amortized net of the related tax effects to equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies over their respective estimated useful lives, principally 10 years, using the straight-line method.

With the exception of M3 as described above, there was no significant difference between Sony’s proportionate share in the underlying net assets of the investees and the carrying value of investments in affiliated companies at March 31, 2018 and 2019.

Several affiliated companies are listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and Sony’s investments in these companies have an aggregate carrying value and fair value of 104,079 million yen and 423,108 million yen, respectively, as of March 31, 2019.

The number of affiliated companies accounted for under the equity method as of March 31, 2018 and 2019 were 107 and 133, respectively.

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Account balances and transactions with affiliated companies accounted for under the equity method are presented below. There are no other material transactions or account balances with any other related parties.

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018		2019
Accounts receivable, trade		15,516		12,404
Accounts payable, trade		2,568		1,087
Short-term borrowings		22,849		29,744
Capital lease obligations		13,294		20,265

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017		2018		2019
Sales		31,238		45,415		41,437
Purchases		1,966		3,180		5,584
Lease payments		16,492		7,749		7,455

Sony entered into sale and leaseback transactions regarding certain machinery and equipment with SFI Leasing Company, Limited (“SFIL”), a leasing company in Japan, in the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019. SFIL is accounted for under the equity method and is 34% owned by Sony.

MITSUI-SOKO Supply Chain Solutions, Inc. is accounted for under the equity method and is 34% owned by Sony as a result of the sale of the logistics business on April 1, 2015. As of the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, account balances with MITSUI-SOKO Supply Chain Solutions, Inc. and its subsidiaries were 3,662 million yen and 3,435 million yen, respectively, which are mainly included in accrued expenses. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, transactions were 9,123 million yen and 10,606 million yen, respectively, which are mainly included in general and administrative expenses.

Dividends from affiliated companies accounted for under the equity method for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 7,970 million yen, 5,613 million yen and 4,948 million yen, respectively.

6. Transfer of financial assets

Sony has established several accounts receivable sales programs mainly within the HE&S, IP&S and MC segments. Through these programs, Sony can sell receivables to a commercial bank or a special purpose entity associated with a sponsor bank. Total receivables sold during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 73,185 million yen, 84,718 million yen and 81,947 million yen, respectively. These transactions are accounted for as sales in accordance with the accounting guidance for transfers of financial assets, because Sony has relinquished control of the receivables. Sony includes the sales proceeds from these receivables as cash flows within operating activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows because the receivables are the result of operating activities and are short term in nature. Gains and losses from these transactions were insignificant. Although Sony continues servicing the receivables subsequent to being sold or contributed, no servicing assets or liabilities are recorded as the costs of collection of the sold receivables and the income from servicing such receivables are insignificant.

Certain of the accounts receivable sales programs above also involve VIEs. Refer to Note 24.

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7. Marketable securities and securities investments

Marketable securities and securities investments, primarily included in the Financial Services segment, are comprised of debt and equity securities for which the aggregate cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value pertaining to available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity securities are as follows. Sony adopted ASU 2016-01 from April 1, 2018, and as a result, the available-for-sale classification is eliminated for equity securities as of March 31, 2019.

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2018									March 31, 2019
	Cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses			Fair value		Cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses			Fair value
Available-for-sale:
Debt securities:
Japanese national government bonds		1,227,139		182,830		(359	)		1,409,610		1,422,620		220,989		(20	)		1,643,589
Japanese local government bonds		67,574		107		(112	)		67,569		67,461		70		(34	)		67,497
Japanese corporate bonds		199,880		9,844		(1,016	)		208,708		202,433		17,178		(223	)		219,388
Foreign government bonds		72,204		622		(3,287	)		69,539		153,429		8,669		(603	)		161,495
Foreign corporate bonds		365,457		1,649		(641	)		366,465		360,299		944		(376	)		360,867
Securitized products		99,349		1		(0	)		99,350		190,111		1		—			190,112
Other		—		—		—			—		2,286		2,402		—			4,688
		2,031,603		195,053		(5,415	)		2,221,241		2,398,639		250,253		(1,256	)		2,647,636
Equity securities		55,676		71,723		(776	)		126,623		—		—		—			—
Held-to-maturity securities:
Japanese national government bonds		5,892,868		1,635,036		(20,890	)		7,507,014		6,042,635		2,016,786		—			8,059,421
Japanese local government bonds		3,850		413		—			4,263		3,518		388		—			3,906
Japanese corporate bonds		345,818		16,912		(17,390	)		345,340		409,329		44,348		(5,845	)		447,832
Foreign government bonds		300,220		8,310		(18,570	)		289,960		386,392		18,609		(13,742	)		391,259
Foreign corporate bonds		198		13		—			211		198		11		—			209
		6,542,954		1,660,684		(56,850	)		8,146,788		6,842,072		2,080,142		(19,587	)		8,902,627
Total		8,630,233		1,927,460		(63,041	)		10,494,652		9,240,711		2,330,395		(20,843	)		11,550,263

The following table presents the cost and fair value of debt securities classified as available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity securities by contractual maturity:

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2019
	Available-for-sale securities				Held-to-maturity securities
	Cost		Fair value		Cost		Fair value
Due in one year or less		132,770		132,745		6,286		6,334
Due after one year through five years		455,624		462,682		37,281		40,085
Due after five years through ten years		476,261		552,287		393,787		453,310
Due after ten years		1,333,984		1,499,922		6,404,718		8,402,898
Total		2,398,639		2,647,636		6,842,072		8,902,627

Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities were 75,319 million yen, 39,982 million yen and 66,906 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. On these sales, gross realized gains were 2,297 million yen, 1,257 million yen and 240 million yen and gross realized losses were 37 million yen, 2 million yen and 475 million yen, respectively, for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019. Sony adopted ASU 2016-01 from April 1, 2018, and as a result, the available-for-sale classification is eliminated for equity securities for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

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SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Marketable securities classified as trading securities, which are held primarily in the Financial Services segment, totaled 1,048,062 million yen and 234,117 million yen as of March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively. Sony recorded net unrealized gains of 56,593 million yen, net unrealized gains of 48,047 million yen, and net unrealized gains of 3,610 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. Changes in the fair value of trading securities are primarily recognized in financial services revenue in the consolidated statements of income. Sony adopted ASU 2016-01 from April 1, 2018, and as a result, the trading classification is eliminated for equity securities as of March 31, 2019 and for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

The following tables present the gross unrealized losses on, and fair value of, Sony’s investment securities with unrealized losses, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual investment securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at March 31, 2018 and 2019. Sony adopted ASU 2016-01 from April 1, 2018, and as a result, the available-for-sale classification is eliminated for equity securities as of March 31, 2019.

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2018
	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
	Fair value		Unrealized losses			Fair value		Unrealized losses			Fair value		Unrealized losses
Available-for-sale:
Debt securities:
Japanese national government bonds		10,118		(11	)		32,836		(348	)		42,954		(359	)
Japanese local government bonds		9,324		(11	)		14,729		(101	)		24,053		(112	)
Japanese corporate bonds		11,046		(10	)		64,119		(1,006	)		75,165		(1,016	)
Foreign government bonds		40,156		(2,281	)		7,752		(1,006	)		47,908		(3,287	)
Foreign corporate bonds		34,840		(69	)		21,191		(572	)		56,031		(641	)
Securitized products		1,840		(0	)		315		(0	)		2,155		(0	)
		107,324		(2,382	)		140,942		(3,033	)		248,266		(5,415	)
Equity securities		13,859		(776	)		15		(0	)		13,874		(776	)
Held-to-maturity securities:
Japanese national government bonds		—		—			304,564		(20,890	)		304,564		(20,890	)
Japanese local government bonds		—		—			—		—			—		—
Japanese corporate bonds		—		—			174,815		(17,390	)		174,815		(17,390	)
Foreign government bonds		20,448		(704	)		134,230		(17,866	)		154,678		(18,570	)
Foreign corporate bonds		—		—			—		—			—		—
		20,448		(704	)		613,609		(56,146	)		634,057		(56,850	)
Total		141,631		(3,862	)		754,566		(59,179	)		896,197		(63,041	)

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SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2019
	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
	Fair value		Unrealized losses			Fair value		Unrealized losses			Fair value		Unrealized losses
Available-for-sale:
Debt securities:
Japanese national government bonds		—		—			4,063		(20	)		4,063		(20	)
Japanese local government bonds		27,404		(29	)		4,872		(5	)		32,276		(34	)
Japanese corporate bonds		25,725		(21	)		19,925		(202	)		45,650		(223	)
Foreign government bonds		—		—			15,878		(603	)		15,878		(603	)
Foreign corporate bonds		50,281		(117	)		15,455		(259	)		65,736		(376	)
Securitized products		—		—			—		—			—		—
Other		—		—			—		—			—		—
		103,410		(167	)		60,193		(1,089	)		163,603		(1,256	)
Held-to-maturity securities:
Japanese national government bonds		—		—			—		—			—		—
Japanese local government bonds		—		—			—		—			—		—
Japanese corporate bonds		—		—			97,984		(5,845	)		97,984		(5,845	)
Foreign government bonds		—		—			151,229		(13,742	)		151,229		(13,742	)
Foreign corporate bonds		—		—			—		—			—		—
		—		—			249,213		(19,587	)		249,213		(19,587	)
Total		103,410		(167	)		309,406		(20,676	)		412,816		(20,843	)

At March 31, 2019, Sony determined that the decline in value for securities with unrealized losses shown in the above table is not other-than-temporary in nature.

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, with respect to equity securities included in marketable securities and securities investments, Sony recorded net realized gains of 77,495 million yen due to the sale of equity securities and net unrealized gains of 104,168 million yen due to revaluation of equity securities held as of March 31, 2019. Gains or losses arising from equity securities held in the Financial Services segment are recorded in financial services revenue, and gains or losses arising from equity securities held in all segments other than the Financial Services segment are recorded in gain on equity securities, net in the consolidated statement of income. Included in the gains noted above were gains recorded by Sony with respect to the equity securities held by Sony in Spotify Technology S.A. (“Spotify”).

On April 3, 2018, Spotify was publicly listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange. Sony owned 5.707% of Spotify’s shares at the time of the public listing.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony sold a portion of the Spotify shares that it owned for aggregate consideration of 82,616 million yen (768 million U.S. dollars) in cash proceeds. The sale of such shares, offset by costs to be paid to Sony’s artists and distributed labels and other transaction costs which directly related to the gains recognized from the sale of Spotify shares, resulted in a net pre-tax realized gain of 54,179 million yen (504 million U.S. dollars) recorded in gain on equity securities, net in the consolidated statement of income. The payments to Sony’s artists and distributed labels are included within other in the cash flows from investing activities of the consolidated statement of cash flows.

The remaining Spotify shares retained as of March 31, 2019 have a gross fair value of 78,947 million yen (711 million U.S. dollars), and the revaluation of such shares resulted in a pre-tax unrealized gain, net of costs to be paid to Sony’s artists and distributed labels and other costs which directly related to the gains recognized from the revaluation of Spotify shares, of 47,543 million yen (449 million U.S. dollars) recorded in gain on equity securities, net in the consolidated statement of income.

In the ordinary course of business, Sony maintains long-term investment securities, included in securities investments and other, issued by various non-public companies. The aggregate carrying amounts of the investments in non-public companies as of March 31, 2018 and 2019 totaled 52,361 million yen and 25,720 million yen, respectively. Prior to Sony’s adoption of ASU 2016-01, non-public equity investments were

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primarily valued at cost as fair value is not readily determinable. Sony adopted ASU 2016-01 from April 1, 2018, and as a result, equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values are measured at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. Sony recorded no upward adjustments, and downward adjustments (including impairments) of 4,285 million yen, for securities that do not have readily determinable fair values for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

8. Leases

Sony leases certain communication and commercial equipment, plant, office space, warehouses, employees’ residential facilities and other assets under both capital and operating leases. Sony has also entered into capital lease arrangements with third parties to finance sale and leaseback transactions for certain office buildings, machinery and equipment.

(1) Capital leases

Leased assets under capital leases are comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
Class of property	2018			2019
Machinery, equipment and others		93,491			92,915
Buildings		6,639			29,089
Accumulated amortization		(58,861	)		(61,349	)
		41,269			60,655

The following is a schedule by fiscal year of the future minimum lease payments under capital leases together with the present value of the net minimum lease payments as of March 31, 2019:

Fiscal year ending March 31	Yen in millions
2020		36,195
2021		10,429
2022		6,454
2023		5,246
2024		3,448
Later fiscal years		15,441
Total minimum lease payments		77,213
Less — Amount representing interest		8,385
Present value of net minimum lease payments		68,828
Less — Current obligations		35,144
Long-term capital lease obligations		33,684

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(2) Operating leases

The minimum rental payments required under operating leases that have initial or remaining noncancelable lease terms in excess of one year at March 31, 2019 are as follows:

Fiscal year ending March 31	Yen in millions
2020		58,901
2021		48,823
2022		34,726
2023		25,355
2024		22,152
Later fiscal years		78,507
Total minimum future rentals		268,464

Rental expenses under operating leases for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 77,976 million yen, 77,950 million yen and 71,516 million yen, respectively. Sublease rentals received under operating leases for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 1,157 million yen, 1,325 million yen and 1,013 million yen, respectively. The total minimum rentals to be received in the future under noncancelable subleases for operating leases as of March 31, 2019 were 1,598 million yen.

9. Goodwill and other intangible assets

Intangible assets other than goodwill acquired during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 totaled 523,504 million yen, of which 523,494 million yen is subject to amortization, and are comprised of the following:

	Intangible assets acquired during the fiscal year		Weighted-average amortization period
	Yen in millions		Years
Patent rights, know-how and license agreements		1,728		6
Software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed		17,114		3
Internal-use software		72,730		4
Music catalogs*		412,575		43
Artist contracts		13,847		27
Other		5,500		9

* Includes music catalogs relating to EMI Music Publishing acquisition. Refer to Note 25.

In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, additions to internal-use software primarily related to the capitalization of new software across several business platforms.

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Intangible assets subject to amortization are comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2018					March 31, 2019
	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization			Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization
Patent rights, know-how and license agreements		175,980		(142,724	)		169,761		(145,525	)
Customer relationships		18,881		(7,615	)		15,759		(11,825	)
Trademarks		16,310		(8,451	)		15,768		(9,863	)
Software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed		123,269		(92,457	)		125,350		(96,322	)
Internal-use software		494,649		(315,516	)		529,022		(345,935	)
Music catalogs		207,789		(94,210	)		615,206		(106,725	)
Artist contracts		28,534		(27,650	)		42,575		(29,108	)
Television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements)		74,258		(25,884	)		74,605		(28,685	)
Other		58,543		(47,586	)		61,675		(49,288	)
Total		1,198,213		(762,093	)		1,649,721		(823,276	)

The aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 was 121,634 million yen, 123,450 million yen and 109,452 million yen, respectively. The estimated aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets for the next five fiscal years is as follows:

Fiscal year ending March 31	Yen in millions
2020		100,631
2021		84,220
2022		64,747
2023		49,941
2024		34,907

Total carrying amount of intangible assets having an indefinite life are comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018		2019
Trademarks		68,922		69,447
Distribution agreements		18,834		18,834
Other		3,292		3,240
Total		91,048		91,521

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The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019 are as follows:

	Yen in millions
	G&NS			Music			Pictures			HE&S			IP&S			MC			Semiconductors			Financial Services			All Other			Total
Balance, March 31, 2017:
Goodwill — gross		151,938			166,416			246,085			5,320			8,451			179,331			48,069			3,081			28,842			837,533
Accumulated impairments		—			(306	)		(107,932	)		(5,320	)		(300	)		(176,045	)		—			(706	)		(24,386	)		(314,995	)
Goodwill		151,938			166,110			138,153			—			8,151			3,286			48,069			2,375			4,456			522,538
Increase (decrease) due to:
Acquisitions		—			2,877			12,842			—			1,204			—			—			4,850			—			21,773
Sales and dispositions		—			(121	)		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(121	)
Impairments		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Translation adjustments		(1,332	)		(3,472	)		(6,583	)		—			162			—			(1,072	)		—			(85	)		(12,382	)
Other		—			—			—			—			—			—			(1,204	)		—			(112	)		(1,316	)
Balance, March 31, 2018:
Goodwill — gross		150,606			165,700			246,620			5,320			9,817			179,331			45,793			7,931			27,912			839,030
Accumulated impairments		—			(306	)		(102,208	)		(5,320	)		(300	)		(176,045	)		—			(706	)		(23,653	)		(308,538	)
Goodwill		150,606			165,394			144,412			—			9,517			3,286			45,793			7,225			4,259			530,492
Increase (decrease) due to:
Acquisitions*		2,261			240,396			387			—			—			—			—			—			—			243,044
Sales and dispositions		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Impairments		—			—			—			—			(776	)		—			—			—			(4,331	)		(5,107	)
Translation adjustments		1,088			(2,420	)		3,673			—			(73	)		—			771			—			72			3,111
Other		—			—			(2,988	)		—			—			—			—			—			—			(2,988	)
Balance, March 31, 2019:
Goodwill — gross		153,955			403,676			252,262			5,320			9,765			179,331			46,564			7,931			28,570			1,087,374
Accumulated impairments		—			(306	)		(106,778	)		(5,320	)		(1,097	)		(176,045	)		—			(706	)		(28,570	)		(318,822	)
Goodwill		153,955			403,370			145,484			—			8,668			3,286			46,564			7,225			—			768,552

* Acquisitions for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 relate mainly to EMI Music Publishing acquisition in the Music segment. Refer to Note 25.

Impairment of goodwill in the Pictures segment -

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, Sony made a downward revision in the future profitability projection for the Motion Pictures business within the Pictures segment primarily due to a lowering of previous expectations regarding the home entertainment business, mainly driven by an acceleration of market decline. The future profitability projection for the Motion Pictures business also reflected a reduction in underlying profitability projections of film performance largely mitigated by measures identified to improve the profitability of the Motion Pictures business.

Sony assessed the aforementioned events and circumstances and determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the Production & Distribution reporting unit (which includes the Motion Pictures and the Television Productions businesses) was less than its carrying value. Accordingly, Sony conducted the goodwill impairment tests using this new profitability projection and recalculated the implied fair value of the goodwill of the reporting unit. As a result of this recalculation, the carrying value of the goodwill was determined to be zero.

Consequently, the entire amount of the goodwill in the Production & Distribution reporting unit, 112,069 million yen, was impaired, in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017. The impairment loss was included in other operating (income) expense, net in the consolidated statements of income, and was recorded entirely within the Pictures segment.

10. Insurance-related accounts

Sony’s Financial Services segment subsidiaries in Japan maintain their accounting records as described in Note 2 in accordance with the accounting principles and practices generally accepted in Japan, which vary in some respects from U.S. GAAP.

Those differences are mainly that insurance acquisition costs for life and non-life insurance contracts are charged to income when incurred in Japan whereas in the United States those costs are deferred and amortized

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generally over the premium-paying period of the related insurance policies, and that future policy benefits for life insurance contracts calculated locally under the authorization of the supervisory administrative agencies are comprehensively adjusted using the net level premium method with certain adjustments of actuarial assumptions for U.S. GAAP purposes. For the purpose of preparing the consolidated financial statements, appropriate adjustments have been made to reflect the accounting for these items in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

The combined amounts of statutory net equity of the insurance subsidiaries, which is not measured in accordance with U.S. GAAP, as of March 31, 2018 and 2019 were 525,976 million yen and 548,730 million yen, respectively.

(1) Insurance policies

Life insurance policies that a subsidiary in the Financial Services segment underwrites, most of which are categorized as long-duration contracts, mainly consist of whole life, term life and accident and health insurance contracts. The life insurance revenues for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 754,242 million yen, 857,766 million yen and 910,011 million yen, respectively. Property and casualty insurance policies that a subsidiary in the Financial Services segment underwrites are primarily automotive insurance contracts, which are categorized as short-duration contracts. The non-life insurance revenues for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 97,581 million yen, 105,497 million yen and 111,392 million yen, respectively.

(2) Deferred insurance acquisition costs

Amortization of deferred insurance acquisition costs charged to income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 amounted to 36,130 million yen, 68,137 million yen and 79,906 million yen, respectively.

(3) Future insurance policy benefits

Liabilities for future policy benefits, which mainly relate to individual life insurance policies, are established in amounts adequate to meet the estimated future obligations of policies in force. These liabilities, which require significant management judgment and estimates, are computed by the net level premium method based upon the assumptions as to future investment yield, morbidity, mortality, withdrawals and other factors. Future policy benefits are computed using interest rates ranging from 0.8% to 4.5% and are based on factors such as market conditions and expected investment returns. Morbidity, mortality and withdrawal assumptions for all policies are based on either the subsidiary’s own experience or various actuarial tables. Generally these assumptions are locked-in throughout the life of the contract upon the issuance of new insurance, although significant changes in experience or assumptions may require Sony to provide for expected future losses. At March 31, 2018 and 2019, future insurance policy benefits amounted to 5,211,421 million yen and 5,633,865 million yen, respectively.

(4) Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business

Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business represents an accumulation of account deposits plus credited interest less withdrawals, expenses and mortality charges. Policyholders’ account includes universal life insurance and investment contracts. Universal life insurance includes interest sensitive whole life contracts and variable contracts. The credited rates associated with interest sensitive whole life contracts range from 1.8% to 2.0%. For variable contracts, policy values are expressed in terms of investment units. Each unit is linked to an asset portfolio. The value of a unit increases or decreases based on the value of the linked asset portfolio. Investment contracts mainly include single payment endowment contracts, single payment educational endowment contracts, individual variable annuities and policies after the start of annuity payments. The credited rates associated with investment contracts, except for individual variable annuities, range from 0.01% to 6.3%. For individual variable annuities, policy values are expressed in terms of investment units. Each unit is linked to an asset portfolio. The value of a unit increases or decreases based on the value of the linked asset portfolio.

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Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business is comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018		2019
Universal life insurance		1,951,906		2,104,646
Investment contracts		738,404		816,903
Other		130,392		126,653
Total		2,820,702		3,048,202

11. Short-term borrowings and long-term debt

Short-term borrowings are comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018		2019
Unsecured loans:
with a weighted-average interest rate of 3.95%		64,480
with a weighted-average interest rate of 2.52%				55,186
Secured loans:
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.12%		27
Repurchase agreement:
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.18%		335,586
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.56%				432,820
Secured call money:
with a weighted-average interest rate of (0.07)%		96,000
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.18%				130,612
		496,093		618,618

At March 31, 2019, certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment pledged marketable securities and securities investments with a book value of 363,322 million yen as collateral for 432,820 million yen of short-term repurchase agreements. The repurchase agreement provides for net settlement upon a termination event.

At March 31, 2019, certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment pledged marketable securities and securities investments with a book value of 59,496 million yen as collateral for 130,612 million yen of secured call money.

In addition, certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment pledged marketable securities and securities investments with an aggregate book value of 8,822 million yen as collateral for cash settlements, variation margins of futures markets and certain other purposes.

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Long-term debt is comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018		2019
Unsecured loans, representing obligations principally to banks:
Due 2018 to 2024, with interest rates ranging from 0.01% to 5.10% per annum		49,454
Due 2019 to 2024, with interest rates ranging from 0.01 % to 7.89 % per annum				57,321
Unsecured 0.86% bonds, due 2018		150,000
Unsecured 2.00% bonds, due 2018		16,300
Unsecured 0.05% bonds, due 2019		69,879		69,964
Unsecured 2.07% bonds, due 2019		50,000		50,000
Unsecured 0.23% bonds, due 2021		89,744		89,819
Unsecured 0.11% bonds, due 2022		10,000		10,000
Unsecured 1.41% bonds, due 2022		10,000		10,000
Unsecured 0.28% bonds, due 2023		15,000		15,000
Unsecured 0.22% bonds, due 2025		10,000		10,000
Unsecured 0.42% bonds, due 2026		24,899		24,911
Unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds, due 2022, conversion price 5,008.0 yen per common share		119,976		119,961
Secured 0.00% loans, due 2019 to 2022		170,002
Secured 0.00% loans, due 2020 to 2023				200,003
Capital lease obligations and other:
Due 2018 to 2047, with interest rates ranging from 0.36% to 11.88% per annum		52,929
Due 2019 to 2048, with interest rates ranging from 0.36% to 9.14% per annum				72,991
Guarantee deposits received		10,790		10,863
		848,973		740,833
Less — Portion due within one year		225,522		172,461
		623,451		568,372

At March 31, 2019, certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment pledged marketable securities and securities investments with a book value of 13,043 million yen and housing loans with a book value of 412,560 million yen as collateral for a 200,000 million yen long-term secured loan.

On July 21, 2015, Sony issued 120,000 million yen of 130% callable unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds with stock acquisition rights due 2022 (the “Zero Coupon Convertible Bonds”). The bondholders are entitled to stock acquisition rights effective from September 1, 2015 to September 28, 2022. The initial conversion price is 5,008.0 yen per common share. In addition to the standard anti-dilution provisions, the conversion price is reduced for a certain period before an early redemption triggered upon the occurrence of certain corporate events including a merger, corporate split and delisting event. The reduced amount of the conversion price will be determined by a formula that is based on the effective date of the reduction and Sony’s common stock price. The reduced conversion price ranges from 3,526.5 yen to 5,008.0 yen per common share. The conversion price is also adjusted for dividends in excess of 25 yen per common share per fiscal year. The initial conversion price has been adjusted to 4,996.0 yen per common share since May 10, 2019 because the payment of the total annual dividend per common share for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 was 35 yen, which is in excess of 25 yen. Sony has the option to redeem all of the Zero Coupon Convertible Bonds outstanding at 100% of the principal amount after July 21, 2020, if the closing sales price per share of Sony’s common stock on the Tokyo Stock Exchange is 130% or more of the conversion price of the Zero Coupon Convertible Bonds for 20 consecutive trading days. Sony was not required to bifurcate any of the embedded features contained in the Zero Coupon Convertible Bonds for accounting purposes. There are no significant adverse debt covenants under the Zero Coupon Convertible Bonds.

In September 2016, Sony issued unsecured straight bonds in the aggregate principal amount of 200,000 million yen. In June 2018, Sony repaid 150,000 million yen of the 200,000 million yen.

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There are no significant adverse debt covenants or cross-default provisions related to the other short-term borrowings and long-term debt.

Aggregate amounts of annual maturities of long-term debt are as follows:

Fiscal year ending March 31	Yen in millions
2020		172,461
2021		41,466
2022		186,004
2023		227,987
2024		18,102
Later fiscal years		94,813
Total		740,833

At March 31, 2019, Sony had unused committed lines of credit amounting to 522,453 million yen and can generally borrow up to 180 days from the banks with whom Sony has committed line contracts. Furthermore, at March 31, 2019, Sony has commercial paper programs totaling 1,054,950 million yen. Sony can issue commercial paper for a period generally not in excess of 270 days up to the size of the programs.

In connection with EMI Music Publishing acquisition, Sony assumed $350 million of unsecured notes (the “EMI Notes”) due June 15, 2024 with a fixed annual interest rate of 7.625%. In April 2019, Sony notified the EMI Noteholders of its intention to redeem the entirety of the EMI Notes on June 17, 2019 at a premium of 105.719% plus accrued and unpaid interest in accordance with the terms of the EMI Notes. The EMI Notes are included in “Later fiscal years” in the table above. Refer to Note 25.

12. Housing loans and deposits from customers in the banking business

(1) Housing loans in the banking business

Sony acquires and holds certain financial receivables in the normal course of business. The majority of financing receivables held by Sony consists of housing loans in the banking business and no other significant financial receivables exist.

A subsidiary in the banking business monitors the credit quality of housing loans based on the classification set by the financial conditions and the past due status of individual obligors. Past due status is monitored on a daily basis and the aforementioned classification is reviewed on a quarterly basis.

The allowance for the credit losses is established based on the aforementioned classifications and the evaluation of collateral. The amount of housing loans in the banking business and the corresponding allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2018 were 1,522,415 million yen and 717 million yen, respectively, and as of March 31, 2019 were 1,685,504 million yen and 829 million yen, respectively. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, charge-offs on housing loans in the banking business and changes in the allowance for credit losses were not significant.

The balance of housing loans placed on nonaccrual status or past due status were not significant as of March 31, 2018 and 2019.

(2) Deposits from customers in the banking business

All deposits from customers in the banking business within the Financial Services segment are interest bearing deposits. At March 31, 2018 and 2019, the balances of time deposits issued in amounts of 10 million yen or more were 279,943 million yen and 292,968 million yen, respectively. These amounts have been classified as current liabilities mainly due to the ability of the customers to make withdrawals prior to maturity.

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At March 31, 2019, aggregate amounts of annual maturities of time deposits with a remaining term of more than one year are as follows:

Fiscal year ending March 31	Yen in millions
2021		66,796
2022		15,513
2023		11,083
2024		10,813
2025		2,530
Later fiscal years		25,047
Total		131,782

13. Fair value measurements

As discussed in Note 2, assets and liabilities subject to the accounting guidance for fair value measurements held by Sony are classified and accounted for as described below.

(1) Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The following section describes the valuation techniques used by Sony to measure different financial instruments at fair value, including an indication of the level in the fair value hierarchy in which each instrument is generally classified.

Debt securities, equity securities, and other investments

Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified in level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Level 1 securities include exchange-traded equities. If quoted market prices are not available for the specific security or the market is inactive, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or discounted cash flows and mainly classified in level 2 of the hierarchy. Level 2 securities include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments, such as the majority of government bonds and corporate bonds. In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities are classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Level 3 securities primarily include certain securitized products, certain hybrid financial instruments, certain private equity investments, and certain domestic and foreign corporate bonds not classified within level 1 or level 2.

Derivatives

Exchange-traded derivatives valued using quoted prices are classified within level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. However, few classes of derivative contracts are listed on an exchange; thus, the majority of Sony’s derivative positions are valued using internally developed models that use as their basis readily observable market parameters — i.e., parameters that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources, including industry pricing services. Depending on the types and contractual terms of derivatives, fair value can be modeled using a series of techniques, such as the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which are consistently applied. Where derivative products have been established for some time, Sony uses models that are widely accepted in the financial services industry. These models reflect the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and market-based parameters such as interest rates, volatility, and the credit rating of the counterparty. Further, many of these models do not contain a high level of subjectivity as the techniques used in the models do not require significant judgment, and inputs to the model are readily observable from actively quoted markets. Such instruments are generally classified within level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

In determining the fair value of Sony’s interest rate swap derivatives, Sony uses the present value of expected cash flows based on market observable interest rate yield curves commensurate with the term of each instrument. For foreign currency derivatives, Sony’s approach is to use forward contract and option valuation models employing market observable inputs, such as spot currency rates, time value and option volatilities. These derivatives are classified within level 2 since Sony primarily uses observable inputs in its valuation of its derivative assets and liabilities.

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The fair value of Sony’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2018 and 2019 are as follows. Sony adopted ASU 2016-01 from April 1, 2018, and as a result, equity securities which were previously included in the trading securities category are included in the equity securities category as of March 31, 2019.

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2018
									Presentation in the consolidated balance sheets
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Marketable securities		Securities investments and other		Other current assets/ liabilities		Other noncurrent assets/ liabilities
Assets:
Trading securities		712,113		335,949		—		1,048,062		1,048,062		—		—		—
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
Japanese national government bonds		—		1,409,610		—		1,409,610		20,473		1,389,137		—		—
Japanese local government bonds		—		67,569		—		67,569		8,548		59,021		—		—
Japanese corporate bonds		—		208,708		—		208,708		8,041		200,667		—		—
Foreign government bonds*1		—		69,539		—		69,539		—		69,539		—		—
Foreign corporate bonds*2		—		338,587		27,878		366,465		88,228		278,237		—		—
Securitized products*3		—		15,736		83,614		99,350		—		99,350		—		—
Equity securities		126,330		293		—		126,623		—		126,623		—		—
Other investments*4		6,192		5,099		9,104		20,395		—		20,395		—		—
Derivative assets*5		2,194		37,332		—		39,526		—		—		37,003		2,523
Total assets		846,829		2,488,422		120,596		3,455,847		1,173,352		2,242,969		37,003		2,523
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities*5		1,407		34,317		—		35,724		—		—		20,550		15,174
Total liabilities		1,407		34,317		—		35,724		—		—		20,550		15,174

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	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2019
									Presentation in the consolidated balance sheets
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Marketable securities		Securities investments and other		Other current assets/ liabilities		Other noncurrent assets/ liabilities
Assets:
Debt securities
Trading securities		22,105		212,012		—		234,117		234,117		—		—		—
Available-for-sale securities
Japanese national government bonds		—		1,643,589		—		1,643,589		18,719		1,624,870		—		—
Japanese local government bonds		—		67,497		—		67,497		7,768		59,729		—		—
Japanese corporate bonds		—		219,388		—		219,388		11,472		207,916		—		—
Foreign government bonds*1		—		161,495		—		161,495		3,984		157,511		—		—
Foreign corporate bonds*2		—		338,163		22,704		360,867		90,801		270,066		—		—
Securitized products*3		—		25,029		165,083		190,112		—		190,112		—		—
Other		—		4,688		—		4,688		—		4,688		—		—
Equity securities		1,037,100		135,794		—		1,172,894		951,390		221,504		—		—
Other investments*4		5,489		1,507		6,918		13,914		—		13,914		—		—
Derivative assets*5		444		10,042		—		10,486		—		—		9,431		1,055
Total assets		1,065,138		2,819,204		194,705		4,079,047		1,318,251		2,750,310		9,431		1,055
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities*5		136		32,686		—		32,822		—		—		19,852		12,970
Total liabilities		136		32,686		—		32,822		—		—		19,852		12,970

*1 2,875 million yen and 4,910 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively, and are included in the consolidated balance sheets as securities investments and other.

*2 160,470 million yen and 173,964 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively. In the consolidated balance sheets, 25,955 million yen and 33,391 million yen are included as marketable securities and 134,515 million yen and 140,573 million yen are included as securities investment and other for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

*3 93,971 million yen and 185,195 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 and level 3 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively, and are included in the consolidated balance sheets as securities investments and other.

*4 Other investments include certain hybrid financial instruments and certain private equity investments.

*5 Derivative assets and liabilities are recognized and disclosed on a gross basis.

*6 Net gains of 544 million yen and 85 million yen arising from financial instruments for which the fair value option has been elected are included in financial services revenue in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

Transfers into level 1 were 3,522 million yen and 1,769 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively, as quoted prices for certain trading debt securities and equity securities became available in an active market. Transfers out of level 1 were 3,086 million yen and 2,508 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively, as quoted prices for certain trading debt securities were not available in an active market.

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The changes in fair value of level 3 assets and liabilities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019 are as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018
	Assets
	Available-for-sale securities
	Debt securities
	Japanese corporate bonds			Foreign corporate bonds			Securitized products			Other investments
Beginning balance		1,310			41,177			15,192			10,483
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
Included in earnings*1		—			(307	)		(3,032	)		(65	)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)*2		—			(84	)		1			(489	)
Purchases		—			12,604			74,736			139
Sales		—			—			—			(10	)
Settlements		—			(18,540	)		(3,283	)		(954	)
Transfers into level 3*3		—			—			—			—
Transfers out of level 3*4		(1,310	)		(6,972	)		—			—
Ending balance		—			27,878			83,614			9,104
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to instruments still held at reporting date:
Included in earnings*1		—			(468	)		(2,278	)		(65	)
	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
	Assets
	Available-for-sale securities
	Debt securities
	Japanese corporate bonds			Foreign corporate bonds			Securitized products			Other investments
Beginning balance		—			27,878			83,614			9,104
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
Included in earnings*1		—			465			562			276
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)*2		—			131			1			—
Purchases		—			5,787			94,696			4
Sales		—			—			—			(6	)
Settlements		—			(10,435	)		(13,601	)		(2,460	)
Transfers into level 3*3		—			20,863			5,284			—
Transfers out of level 3*4		—			(21,985	)		(5,473	)		—
Ending balance		—			22,704			165,083			6,918
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to instruments still held at reporting date:
Included in earnings*1		—			219			510			441

*1 Earning effects are included in financial services revenue in the consolidated statements of income.

*2 Unrealized gains (losses) are included in unrealized gains (losses) on securities in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

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*3 Certain corporate bonds and certain securitized products were transferred into level 3 because differences between the fair value determined by indicative quotes from dealers and the fair value determined by internally developed prices became significant and the observability of the inputs used decreased.

*4 Certain corporate bonds and certain securitized products were transferred out of level 3 because observable market data became available.

Level 3 assets include certain securitized products, certain private equity investments, and certain domestic and foreign corporate bonds for which quoted prices are not available in a market and where there is less transparency around inputs. In determining the fair value of such assets, Sony uses third-party information such as indicative quotes from dealers without adjustment. For validating the fair values, Sony primarily uses internal models which include management judgment or estimation of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset.

(2) Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

Sony also has assets and liabilities that are required to be remeasured to fair value on a nonrecurring basis when certain circumstances occur. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, such remeasurements to fair value related primarily to the following:

	During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018
	Estimated fair value						Amounts included in earnings
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Long-lived assets impairments		—		—		19,375		(53,741	)
								(53,741	)
	During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
	Estimated fair value						Amounts included in earnings
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Long-lived assets impairments		—		—		4,389		(44,135	)
Goodwill impairment		—		—		0		(5,107	)
								(49,242	)

Long-lived assets impairments

Sony recorded impairment losses of 23,860 million yen for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, included within the Semiconductors segment, related to long-lived assets in the camera module business asset group. Due to a decrease in the projected future demand of camera modules, Sony conducted a strategic review of the business and its market conditions. Following this review, Sony reduced the corresponding estimated future cash flows and the estimated ability to recover the entire carrying amount of the long-lived assets within the period applicable to the impairment determination, resulting in an impairment charge. Sony decided to halt all development and production of high-functionality camera modules for external sales during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017.

Sony recorded an impairment loss of 31,341 million yen and 19,172 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively, included within the MC segment, related to long-lived assets in the smartphone business asset group. Due to smartphone sales results and changes in the business environment since January 2018 as well as the expectation of continued difficulty in the business environment thereafter, Sony conducted strategic reviews of its future profitability forecast for the smartphone business. Following these reviews, Sony reduced the corresponding estimated future cash flows of this business and the estimated ability to recover the carrying amount of the long-lived assets within the period applicable to the impairment determination, resulting in the impairment charges.

Sony recorded an impairment loss of 12,858 million yen for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, included within All Other, related to long-lived assets and goodwill in the storage media business asset group. As a result

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of conducting a strategic review of the business and evolving market trends, Sony reduced the corresponding estimated future cash flows of this business and the estimated ability to recover the entire carrying amount of the long-lived assets and goodwill within the period applicable to the impairment determination, resulting in an impairment charge for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

These measurements are classified as level 3 because significant unobservable inputs, such as the condition of the assets or projections of future cash flows, the timing of such cash flows and the discount rate reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, were considered in the fair value measurements. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, a discount rate of 10% and projected declining revenue rates ranging from (1)% to 8% were used in the fair value measurements related to the long-lived assets for the camera module business. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, a discount rate of 8.5% and projected revenue growth rates ranging from (8)% to 6% were used in the fair value measurements related to the long-lived assets for the smartphone business. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, a discount rate of 8.5% and projected revenue growth rates ranging from (26)% to 24% were used in the fair value measurements related to the long-lived assets for the smartphone business and a discount rate of 8.9% and projected revenue growth rates ranging from (34)% to 21% were used in the fair value measurements related to the long-lived assets and goodwill for the storage media business.

Goodwill impairments

Sony recorded an impairment loss of 112,069 million yen during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 against the goodwill of the Production & Distribution reporting unit in the Pictures segment. Refer to Note 9. Sony’s determination of the estimated fair value of the reporting unit was based on the present value of expected future cash flows including a terminal value which is based on an exit price using an earnings multiple applied to the final year of the forecasted earnings, and which also takes into consideration a control premium. These measurements are classified as level 3 because significant unobservable inputs, such as the projections of future cash flows, the timing of such cash flows, the earnings multiple, the growth rates beyond the forecast and mid-range plan periods, and the discount rate reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, were considered in the fair value measurements. An earnings multiple of 9.0x, growth rates beyond the forecast and mid-range plan periods ranging from 3.0% to 4.5% and a discount rate of 9.5% were used in the fair value measurement.

Remeasurement of previously owned equity interests

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony remeasured to fair value the previously owned equity interests in EMI in connection with EMI Music Publishing acquisition. The measurement is classified as level 3 because significant unobservable inputs, such as projections of future cash flows and market comparables of similar transactions and companies were considered in the fair value measurements. Refer to Note 25.

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(3) Financial instruments

The estimated fair values by fair value hierarchy level of certain financial instruments that are not reported at fair value are summarized as follows:

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2018
	Estimated fair value								Carrying amount
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Total
Assets:
Housing loans in the banking business		—		1,686,842		—		1,686,842		1,522,415
Total assets		—		1,686,842		—		1,686,842		1,522,415
Liabilities:
Long-term debt including the current portion		—		877,576		—		877,576		848,973
Investment contracts included in policyholders’ account in the life insurance business		—		766,558		—		766,558		738,404
Total liabilities		—		1,644,134		—		1,644,134		1,587,377
	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2019
	Estimated fair value								Carrying amount
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Total
Assets:
Housing loans in the banking business		—		1,861,384		—		1,861,384		1,685,504
Total assets		—		1,861,384		—		1,861,384		1,685,504
Liabilities:
Long-term debt including the current portion		—		737,529		—		737,529		740,833
Investment contracts included in policyholders’ account in the life insurance business		—		877,157		—		877,157		816,903
Total liabilities		—		1,614,686		—		1,614,686		1,557,736

The summary excludes cash and cash equivalents, call loans, time deposits, notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets, call money, short-term borrowings, notes and accounts payable, trade and deposits from customers in the banking business because the carrying values of these financial instruments approximated their fair values due to their short-term nature. The summary also excludes held-to-maturity securities disclosed in Note 7.

Cash and cash equivalents, call loans and call money are classified in level 1. Time deposits, short-term borrowings, deposits from customers in the banking business are classified in level 2. Held-to-maturity securities, included in marketable securities and securities investments and other in the consolidated balance sheets, primarily include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments, such as the majority of government bonds and corporate bonds and are substantially all classified in level 2. The fair values of housing loans in the banking business, included in securities investments and other in the consolidated balance sheets, were estimated based on the discounted future cash flows using interest rates reflecting London Interbank Offered Rate base yield curves with certain risk premiums. The fair values of long-term debt including the current portion and investment contracts included in policyholders’ account in the life

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insurance business were estimated based on either the market value or the discounted future cash flows using Sony’s current incremental borrowing rates for similar liabilities.

14. Derivative instruments and hedging activities

Sony has certain financial instruments including financial assets and liabilities acquired in the normal course of business. Such financial instruments are exposed to market risk arising from the changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. In applying a consistent risk management strategy for the purpose of reducing such risk, Sony uses derivative financial instruments, which include foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign currency option contracts, and interest rate swap agreements (including interest rate and currency swap agreements). Certain other derivative financial instruments are entered into in the Financial Services segment for asset-liability management (“ALM”) purposes. These instruments are executed with creditworthy financial institutions, and virtually all foreign currency contracts are denominated in U.S. dollars, euros and other currencies of major countries. These derivatives generally mature or expire within six months after the balance sheet date. Other than derivatives utilized in the Financial Services segment for ALM, Sony does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. These derivative transactions utilized for ALM in the Financial Services segment are executed within certain limits in accordance with an internal risk management policy.

Derivative financial instruments held by Sony are classified and accounted for as described below.

Fair value hedges

Both the derivatives designated as fair value hedges and the hedged items are reflected at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the fair value of the derivatives designated as fair value hedges, as well as offsetting changes in the carrying value of the underlying hedged items, are recognized in income. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, these fair value hedges were fully effective. In addition, there were no amounts excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness of fair value hedges.

Cash flow hedges

Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are initially recorded in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, these cash flow hedges were fully effective. In addition, there were no amounts excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness for cash flow hedges.

Derivatives not designated as hedges

Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedges are recognized in income.

A description of the purpose and classification of the derivative financial instruments held by Sony is as follows:

Foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign currency option contracts

Foreign exchange forward contracts and purchased and written foreign currency option contracts are utilized primarily to limit the exposure affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates on cash flows generated or anticipated by Sony’s transactions and accounts receivable and payable denominated in foreign currencies. The majority of written foreign currency option contracts are a part of range forward contract arrangements and expire in the same month with the corresponding purchased foreign currency option contracts.

Sony also entered into foreign exchange forward contracts and range forward contracts which effectively fixed the cash flows from certain forecasted purchase and sale transactions denominated in foreign currencies. Accordingly, these derivatives have been designated as cash flow hedges.

Foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign currency option contracts that do not qualify as hedges are marked-to-market with changes in value recognized in other income and expenses.

Foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign currency option contracts and currency swap agreements held by certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment are marked-to-market with changes in value recognized in financial services revenue.

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Interest rate swap agreements (including interest rate and currency swap agreements)

Interest rate swap agreements are utilized primarily to lower funding costs, to diversify sources of funding and to limit Sony’s exposure associated with underlying debt instruments and available-for-sale debt securities resulting from adverse fluctuations in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and changes in fair values.

Interest rate swap agreements entered into in the Financial Services segment are used for reducing the risk arising from the changes in the fair value of fixed rate available-for-sale debt securities. These derivatives are considered to be a hedge against changes in the fair value of available-for-sale debt securities in the Financial Services segment. Accordingly, these derivatives have been designated as fair value hedges.

Certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment have interest rate swap agreements as part of their ALM, which are marked-to-market with changes in value recognized in financial service revenues.

Any other interest rate swap agreements that do not qualify as hedges, which are used for reducing the risk arising from changes of variable rate debt, are marked-to-market with changes in value recognized in other income and expenses.

Other agreements

Certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment have equity future contracts, equity swap agreements, interest rate swaption agreements, other currency contracts and hybrid financial instruments as part of their ALM, which are marked-to-market with changes in value recognized in financial services revenue. The hybrid financial instruments, disclosed in Note 7 as debt securities, contained embedded derivatives that are not required to be bifurcated because the entire instruments are carried at fair value.

The estimated fair values of Sony’s outstanding derivative instruments are summarized as follows:

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	Yen in millions
	Balance sheet location	Fair value				Balance sheet location	Fair value
		March 31					March 31
	Asset derivatives	2018		2019		Liability derivatives	2018		2019
Interest rate contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets		12		10	Current liabilities: Other		160		141
Interest rate contracts	Other assets: Other		286		101	Liabilities: Other		10,281		8,274
Foreign exchange contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets		48		131	Current liabilities: Other		1,535		42
			346		242			11,976		8,457
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	Yen in millions
	Balance sheet location	Fair value				Balance sheet location	Fair value
		March 31					March 31
	Asset derivatives	2018		2019		Liability derivatives	2018		2019
Interest rate contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets		12		39	Current liabilities: Other		299		344
Interest rate contracts	Other assets: Other		1,871		882	Liabilities: Other		3,612		3,637
Foreign exchange contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets		34,737		8,807	Current liabilities: Other		17,149		11,549
Foreign exchange contracts	Other assets: Other		366		72	Liabilities: Other		1,281		1,059
Equity contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets		2,194		444	Current liabilities: Other		1,407		7,776
			39,180		10,244			23,748		24,365
Total derivatives			39,526		10,486			35,724		32,822

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Presented below are the effects of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019.

Derivatives under fair value hedging relationships	Yen in millions
	Location of gains or (losses) recognized in income on derivative instruments	Amounts of gains or (losses) recognized in income on derivative instruments
		Fiscal year ended March 31
		2017			2018			2019
Interest rate contracts	Financial services revenue		1,967			(52	)		(1,835	)
Foreign exchange contracts	Foreign exchange loss, net		(31	)		—			—
Total			1,936			(52	)		(1,835	)
	Yen in millions
Derivatives under cash flow hedging relationships	Affected line item in consolidated statements of income	Fiscal year ended March 31
		2017			2018			2019
		Amounts recognized in unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments in OCI (before tax)
Foreign exchange contracts	—		6,715			(2,295	)		2,315
Total			6,715			(2,295	)		2,315
		Amounts reclassified from unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments in accumulated OCI (effective portion) (before tax)
Foreign exchange contracts	Cost of sales		(5,583	)		1,111			(1,093	)
Total			(5,583	)		1,111			(1,093	)

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	Yen in millions
	Location of gains or (losses) recognized in income on derivative instruments	Amounts of gains or (losses) recognized in income on derivative instruments
		Fiscal year ended March 31
		2017			2018			2019
Interest rate contracts	Financial services revenue		(935	)		(1,544	)		(3,192	)
Foreign exchange contracts	Financial services revenue		(5,365	)		2,013			(8,198	)
Foreign exchange contracts	Foreign exchange loss, net		12,339			21,370			(7,437	)
Equity contracts	Financial services revenue		(18,597	)		(11,665	)		(7,649	)
Total			(12,558	)		10,174			(26,476	)

The following table summarizes additional information, including notional amounts, for each type of derivative:

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2018					March 31, 2019
	Notional amount		Fair value			Notional amount		Fair value
Foreign exchange contracts:
Foreign exchange forward contracts		1,105,393		7,071			701,880		(304	)
Currency option contracts purchased		206		1			53,846		179
Currency option contracts written		156		(1	)		58,825		(35	)
Currency swap agreements		1,230,254		4,613			959,777		(5,564	)
Other currency contracts		84,623		3,502			68,513		2,084
Interest rate contracts:
Interest rate swap agreements		398,291		(12,171	)		339,934		(11,346	)
Interest rate swaption agreements		—		—			5,300		(18	)
Equity contracts:
Equity future contracts		106,876		787			58,725		308
Equity swap agreements		—		—			63,107		(7,640	)

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All derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets on a gross basis, but certain subsidiaries have entered into master netting agreements or other similar agreements, which are mainly International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) Master Agreements. An ISDA Master Agreement is an agreement between two counterparties that may have multiple derivative contracts with each other, and such ISDA Master Agreement may provide for the net settlement of all or a specified group of these derivative contracts, through a single payment, in a single currency, in the event of a default on or affecting any one derivative contract, or a termination event affecting all or a specified group of derivative contracts. Presented below are the effects of offsetting derivative assets, derivative liabilities, financial assets and financial liabilities as of March 31, 2018 and 2019.

	Yen in millions
	As of March 31, 2018
	Gross amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet		Gross amounts not offset in the consolidated balance sheet that are subject to  master netting agreements
			Financial instruments		Cash collateral		Net amounts
Derivative assets subject to master netting agreements		15,404		7,724		449		7,231
Derivative assets not subject to master netting agreements		24,122						24,122
Total assets		39,526		7,724		449		31,353
Derivative liabilities subject to master netting agreements		34,455		8,326		14,334		11,795
Derivative liabilities not subject to master netting agreements		1,269						1,269
Repurchase, securities lending and similar arrangements		335,586		334,246		—		1,340
Total liabilities		371,310		342,572		14,334		14,404

	Yen in millions
	As of March 31, 2019
	Gross amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet		Gross amounts not offset in the consolidated balance sheet that are subject to  master netting agreements
			Financial instruments		Cash collateral		Net amounts
Derivative assets subject to master netting agreements		6,855		3,442		136		3,277
Derivative assets not subject to master netting agreements		3,631						3,631
Total assets		10,486		3,442		136		6,908
Derivative liabilities subject to master netting agreements		25,872		3,970		20,191		1,711
Derivative liabilities not subject to master netting agreements		6,950						6,950
Repurchase, securities lending and similar arrangements		432,820		432,820		—		—
Total liabilities		465,642		436,790		20,191		8,661

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15. Pension and severance plans

(1) Defined benefit and severance plans

Upon terminating employment, employees of Sony Corporation and its subsidiaries in Japan are entitled, under most circumstances, to lump-sum indemnities or pension payments as described below. Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries’ pension plans utilize a point-based plan under which a point is added every year reflecting the individual employee’s performance over that year. Under the point-based plan, the amount of payment is determined based on the sum of cumulative points from past services and interest points earned on the cumulative points regardless of whether or not the employee is voluntarily retiring.

Under the plans, in general, the defined benefits cover 65% of the indemnities under existing regulations to employees. The remaining indemnities are covered by severance payments by the companies. The pension benefits are payable at the option of the retiring employee either in a lump-sum amount or monthly pension payments. Contributions to the plans are funded through several financial institutions in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations.

From April 1, 2012, Sony Corporation and substantially all of its subsidiaries in Japan have modified existing defined benefit pension plans such that life annuities will no longer accrue additional service benefits, with those participants instead accruing fixed-term annuities. The defined benefit pension plans were closed to new participants and a defined contribution plan was also introduced.

In addition, several of Sony’s foreign subsidiaries have defined benefit pension plans or severance indemnity plans, which cover substantially all of their employees. Under such plans, the related cost of benefits is currently funded or accrued. Benefits awarded under these plans are based primarily on the current rate of pay and length of service.

The components of net periodic benefit costs for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were as follows:

Japanese plans:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Service cost		26,811			25,185			23,128
Interest cost		5,912			8,024			7,020
Expected return on plan assets		(17,829	)		(16,440	)		(16,695	)
Recognized actuarial loss		20,436			16,099			15,365
Amortization of prior service costs		(9,490	)		(8,693	)		(7,864	)
Net periodic benefit costs		25,840			24,175			20,954

Foreign plans:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Service cost		2,958			3,181			2,780
Interest cost		10,426			10,393			10,083
Expected return on plan assets		(11,000	)		(11,687	)		(11,797	)
Amortization of net transition asset		9			5			—
Recognized actuarial loss		2,552			3,014			2,656
Amortization of prior service costs		(463	)		(574	)		(269	)
Losses on curtailments and settlements		43			1,058			1,804
Net periodic benefit costs		4,525			5,390			5,257

The components of net periodic benefit costs other than service cost for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 are included within other income in the consolidated statements of income.

The estimated net actuarial loss and prior service cost for the defined benefit pension plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit costs over the next fiscal year are 17,759 million yen and 7,153 million yen, respectively.

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The changes in the benefit obligation and plan assets as well as the funded status and composition of amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets were as follows:

	Japanese plans						Foreign plans
	Yen in millions						Yen in millions
	March 31						March 31
	2018			2019			2018			2019
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of the fiscal year		1,004,676			1,010,574			352,442			356,397
Service cost		25,185			23,128			3,181			2,780
Interest cost		8,024			7,020			10,393			10,083
Plan participants’ contributions		—			—			573			462
Actuarial loss		21,920			29,295			663			1,700
Foreign currency exchange rate changes		—			—			8,858			(1,554	)
Curtailments and settlements		—			—			(5,422	)		(6,120	)
Effect of changes in consolidated subsidiaries		—			—			—			1,947
Other		(8	)		6			—			—
Benefits paid		(49,223	)		(35,069	)		(14,291	)		(13,777	)
Benefit obligation at end of the fiscal year		1,010,574			1,034,954			356,397			351,918
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year		699,008			711,077			259,177			269,745
Actual return on plan assets		38,896			18,701			13,426			15,243
Foreign currency exchange rate changes		—			—			6,181			(838	)
Employer contribution		6,090			36,875			9,040			8,542
Plan participants’ contributions		—			—			573			462
Curtailments and settlements		—			—			(5,285	)		(5,960	)
Benefits paid		(32,917	)		(24,449	)		(13,367	)		(12,445	)
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year		711,077			742,204			269,745			274,749
Funded status at end of the fiscal year		(299,497	)		(292,750	)		(86,652	)		(77,169	)

Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of:

	Japanese plans						Foreign plans
	Yen in millions						Yen in millions
	March 31						March 31
	2018			2019			2018			2019
Noncurrent assets		3,426			3,476			8,396			14,745
Current liabilities		—			—			(4,121	)		(4,412	)
Noncurrent liabilities		(302,923	)		(296,226	)		(90,927	)		(87,502	)
Ending balance		(299,497	)		(292,750	)		(86,652	)		(77,169	)

Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, excluding tax effects, consist of:

	Japanese plans						Foreign plans
	Yen in millions						Yen in millions
	March 31						March 31
	2018			2019			2018			2019
Prior service cost (credit)		(16,723	)		(8,859	)		(488	)		(45	)
Net actuarial loss		299,852			311,128			73,404			71,906
Ending balance		283,129			302,269			72,916			71,861

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The accumulated benefit obligations for all defined benefit pension plans were as follows:

	Japanese plans				Foreign plans
	Yen in millions				Yen in millions
	March 31				March 31
	2018		2019		2018		2019
Accumulated benefit obligations		1,005,557		1,029,910		340,353		336,185

The projected benefit obligations, the accumulated benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets for pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows:

	Japanese plans				Foreign plans
	Yen in millions				Yen in millions
	March 31				March 31
	2018		2019		2018		2019
Projected benefit obligations		998,629		1,022,235		301,046		200,596
Accumulated benefit obligations		993,612		1,017,191		293,834		196,928
Fair value of plan assets		695,706		726,009		215,510		123,937

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of March 31, 2018 and 2019 were as follows:

	Japanese plans						Foreign plans
	March 31						March 31
	2018			2019			2018			2019
Discount rate		0.8	%		0.6	%		2.9	%		2.8	%
Rate of compensation increase		*			*			2.6			2.3

* Substantially all of Sony’s Japanese pension plans were point-based. Point-based plans do not incorporate a measure of compensation rate increases.

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine the net periodic benefit costs for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were as follows:

	Japanese plans									Foreign plans
	Fiscal year ended March 31									Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019			2017			2018			2019
Discount rate		0.6	%		0.9	%		0.8	%		3.2	%		3.1	%		2.9	%
Expected return on plan assets		2.7			2.4			2.6			4.8			4.6			4.4
Rate of compensation increase		*			*			*			2.8			2.4			2.6

* Substantially all of Sony’s Japanese pension plans were point-based. Point-based plans do not incorporate a measure of compensation rate increases.

Sony reviews these assumptions for changes in circumstances.

The weighted-average rate of compensation increase is calculated based only on the pay-related plans. The point-based plans discussed above are excluded from the calculation because payments made under the plan are not based on employee compensation.

The mortality rate assumptions are based on life expectancy and death rates for different types of participants.

To determine the expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets, Sony considers the current and expected asset allocations, as well as the historical and expected long-term rates of returns on various categories of plan assets. Sony’s pension investment policy recognizes the expected growth and the variability risk associated with the long-term nature of pension liabilities, the returns and risks of diversification across asset classes, and the correlation among assets. The asset allocations are designed to maximize returns consistent with levels of liquidity and investment risk that are considered prudent and reasonable. While the pension investment

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policy gives appropriate consideration to recent market performance and historical returns, the investment assumptions utilized by Sony are designed to achieve a long-term return consistent with the long-term nature of the corresponding pension liabilities.

The investment objectives of Sony’s plan assets are designed to generate returns that will enable the plans to meet their future obligations. The precise amount for which these obligations will be settled depends on future events, including the retirement dates and life expectancy of the plans’ participants. The obligations are estimated using actuarial assumptions, based on the current economic environment and other pertinent factors. Sony’s investment strategy balances the requirement to generate returns, using potentially higher yielding assets such as equity securities, with the need to control risk in the portfolio with less volatile assets, such as fixed-income securities. Risks include, among others, inflation, volatility in equity values and changes in interest rates that could negatively impact the funding level of the plans, thereby increasing its dependence on contributions from Sony. To mitigate any potential concentration risk, thorough consideration is given to balancing the portfolio among industry sectors and geographies, taking into account interest rate sensitivity, dependence on economic growth, currency and other factors that affect investment returns. The target allocations as of March 31, 2019, are, as a result of Sony’s asset liability management, 30% of equity securities, 51% of fixed income securities and 19% of other investments for the pension plans of Sony Corporation and most of its subsidiaries in Japan, and, on a weighted average basis, 22% of equity securities, 53% of fixed income securities and 25% of other investments for the pension plans of foreign subsidiaries.

The fair values of the assets held by Japanese and foreign plans, which are classified in accordance with the fair value hierarchy described in Note 2, are as follows:

	Japanese plans
	Yen in millions
	Fair value at March 31, 2018		Fair value measurements using inputs considered as
Asset class			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash and cash equivalents		9,446		9,446		—		—
Equity:
Equity securities*1		138,443		134,091		4,352		—
Fixed income:
Government bonds*2		225,879		—		225,879		—
Corporate bonds*3		79,323		—		79,323		—
Asset-backed securities*4		121		—		121		—
Commingled funds*5		122,950		—		122,950		—
Commodity funds*6		21,136		—		21,136		—
Private equity*7		24,144		—		—		24,144
Hedge funds*8		70,204		—		—		70,204
Real estate and other*9		19,431		—		—		19,431
Total		711,077		143,537		453,761		113,779

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	Japanese plans
	Yen in millions
	Fair value at March 31, 2019		Fair value measurements using inputs considered as
Asset class			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash and cash equivalents		10,689		10,689		—		—
Equity:								—
Equity securities*1		140,559		135,713		4,846		—
Fixed income:								—
Government bonds*2		210,817		—		210,817		—
Corporate bonds*3		97,519		—		97,519		—
Asset-backed securities*4		1,537		—		1,537		—
Commingled funds*5		138,455		—		138,455		—
Commodity funds*6		21,674		—		21,674		—
Private equity*7		27,956		—		—		27,956
Hedge funds*8		71,606		—		—		71,606
Real estate and other*9		21,392		—		—		21,392
Total		742,204		146,402		474,848		120,954

*1 Includes approximately 52 percent and 51 percent of Japanese equity securities, and 48 percent and 49 percent of foreign equity securities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

*2 Includes approximately 49 percent and 48 percent of debt securities issued by Japanese national and local governments, and 51 percent and 52 percent of debt securities issued by foreign national and local governments for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

*3 Includes debt securities issued by Japanese and foreign corporation and government related agencies.

*4 Includes primarily mortgage-backed securities.

*5 Commingled funds represent pooled institutional investments, including primarily investment trusts. They include approximately 51 percent and 50 percent of investments in equity, 48 percent and 49 percent of investments in fixed income, and 1 percent and 1 percent of investments in other for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

*6 Represents commodity futures funds.

*7 Includes multiple private equity funds of funds that primarily invest in venture, buyout, and distressed markets in the United States and Europe.

*8 Includes primarily funds that invest in a portfolio of a broad range of hedge funds to diversify the risks and reduce the volatilities associated with a single hedge fund.

*9 Includes primarily private real estate investment trusts.

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	Foreign plans
	Yen in millions
	Fair value at March 31, 2018		Fair value measurements using inputs considered as
Asset class			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash and cash equivalents		2,377		2,377		—		—
Equity:
Equity securities*1		30,916		29,814		1,102		—
Fixed income:
Government bonds*2		78,129		—		78,129		—
Corporate bonds*3		26,424		—		21,121		5,303
Asset-backed securities		960		—		960		—
Insurance contracts*4		18,670		—		5,941		12,729
Commingled funds*5		75,785		—		75,785		—
Real estate and other*6		36,484		—		10,508		25,976
Total		269,745		32,191		193,546		44,008

	Foreign plans
	Yen in millions
	Fair value at March 31, 2019		Fair value measurements using inputs considered as
Asset class			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash and cash equivalents		4,340		4,340		—		—
Equity:
Equity securities*1		23,766		23,113		653		—
Fixed income:
Government bonds*2		84,761		—		84,761		—
Corporate bonds*3		32,749		—		32,749		—
Asset-backed securities		1,115		—		1,115		—
Insurance contracts*4		18,308		—		5,814		12,494
Commingled funds*5		76,503		—		76,503		—
Real estate and other*6		33,207		—		11,118		22,089
Total		274,749		27,453		212,713		34,583

*1 Includes primarily foreign equity securities.

*2 Includes primarily foreign government debt securities.

*3 Includes primarily foreign corporate debt securities.

*4 Represents annuity contracts with or without profit sharing.

*5 Commingled funds represent pooled institutional investments including mutual funds, common trust funds, and collective investment funds. They are primarily comprised of foreign equities and fixed income investments.

*6 Includes primarily private real estate investment trusts.

Each level in the fair value hierarchy in which each plan asset is classified is determined based on inputs used to measure the fair values of the asset, and does not necessarily indicate the risks or rating of the asset.

The following is a description of the valuation techniques used to measure Japanese and foreign plan assets at fair value. The valuation techniques are applied consistently from period to period.

Equity securities are valued at the closing price reported in the active market in which the individual securities are traded. These assets are generally classified as level 1.

The fair value of fixed income securities is typically estimated using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or discounted cash flows and are generally classified as level 2.

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Commingled funds are typically valued using the net asset value provided by the administrator of the fund and reviewed by Sony. The net asset value is based on the value of the underlying assets owned by the fund, minus liabilities and divided by the number of shares or units outstanding. These assets are classified as level 1, level 2 or level 3 depending on availability of quoted market prices.

Commodity funds are valued using inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. These assets are generally classified as level 2.

Private equity and private real estate investment trust valuations require significant judgment due to the absence of quoted market prices, the inherent lack of liquidity and the long-term nature of such assets. These assets are initially valued at cost and are reviewed periodically utilizing available and relevant market data to determine if the carrying value of these assets should be adjusted. These investments are classified as level 3.

Hedge funds are valued using the net asset value as determined by the administrator or custodian of the fund. These investments are classified as level 3.

The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair values of Japanese and foreign plans’ level 3 assets for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019:

	Japanese plans
	Yen in millions
	Fair value measurement using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
	Private equity			Hedge funds			Real estate and other			Total
Beginning balance at April 1, 2017		21,790			67,235			17,925			106,950
Return on assets held at end of year		1,483			636			425			2,544
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net		871			2,333			1,081			4,285
Ending balance at March 31, 2018		24,144			70,204			19,431			113,779
Return on assets held at end of year		4,428			659			1,622			6,709
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net		(616	)		743			339			466
Ending balance at March 31, 2019		27,956			71,606			21,392			120,954
	Foreign plans
	Yen in millions
	Fair value measurement using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
	Insurance contracts			Corporate bonds			Real estate and other			Total
Beginning balance at April 1, 2017		—			6,926			22,929			29,855
Return on assets held at end of year		—			—			1,101			1,101
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net		12,651			(1,256	)		12			11,407
Transfers, net		—			—			1,181			1,181
Other*		78			(367	)		753			464
Ending balance at March 31, 2018		12,729			5,303			25,976			44,008
Return on assets held at end of year		736			—			559			1,295
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net		(389	)		—			(3,809	)		(4,198	)
Transfers, net		—			(5,540	)		123			(5,417	)
Other*		(582	)		237			(760	)		(1,105	)
Ending balance at March 31, 2019		12,494			—			22,089			34,583

* Primarily consists of translation adjustments.

Sony makes contributions to its defined benefit pension plans as deemed appropriate by management after considering the fair value of plan assets, expected return on plan assets and the present value of benefit

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obligations. Sony expects to contribute approximately 10 billion yen to the Japanese plans and approximately 8 billion yen to the foreign plans during the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020.

The expected future benefit payments are as follows:

	Japanese plans		Foreign plans
Fiscal year ending March 31	Yen in millions		Yen in millions
2020		41,345		17,972
2021		40,700		17,892
2022		42,487		18,138
2023		43,740		18,896
2024		46,345		19,441
2025 — 2029		238,416		107,668

(2) Defined contribution plans

Total defined contribution expenses for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017		2018		2019
Japanese plans		3,412		3,237		3,353
Foreign plans		10,458		11,379		11,602

16. Stockholders’ equity

(1) Common stock

Changes in the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 have resulted from the following:

	Number of shares
Balance at March 31, 2016		1,262,493,760
Exercise of stock acquisition rights		1,269,900
Balance at March 31, 2017		1,263,763,660
Issuance of new shares		218,000
Exercise of stock acquisition rights		2,565,700
Conversion of convertible bonds		4,789
Balance at March 31, 2018		1,266,552,149
Issuance of new shares		149,900
Exercise of stock acquisition rights		4,525,300
Conversion of convertible bonds		2,992
Balance at March 31, 2019		1,271,230,341

At March 31, 2019, 36,179,258 shares of common stock would be issued upon the conversion or exercise of all convertible bonds and stock acquisition rights outstanding.

Conversions of convertible bonds into common stock are accounted for in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act of Japan (Kaishaho) and related regulations (collectively the “Companies Act”) by crediting approximately one-half of the conversion proceeds to the common stock account and the remainder to the additional paid-in capital account.

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Sony Corporation may purchase its own shares at any time by a resolution of the Board of Directors up to the retained earnings available for dividends to shareholders, in accordance with the Companies Act. No common stock had been acquired by a resolution of the Board of Directors during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017 and 2018.

Sony’s Board of Directors resolved and authorized the repurchase of shares of its own common stock pursuant to the Companies Act at the meeting of the Board of Directors held on February 8, 2019. During the year ended March 31, 2019, Sony repurchased 19,309,100 shares of its common stock for an amount of 100,000 million yen under the above resolution.

(2) Retained earnings

The amount of statutory retained earnings of Sony Corporation available for dividends to shareholders as of March 31, 2019 was 541,928 million yen. The appropriation of retained earnings for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, including cash dividends for the six-month period ended March 31, 2019, has been incorporated in the consolidated financial statements. This appropriation of retained earnings was approved at the meeting of the Board of Directors of Sony Corporation held on April 26, 2019 and was then recorded in the statutory books of account, in accordance with the Companies Act.

Retained earnings include Sony’s equity in undistributed earnings of affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method in the amount of 37,859 million yen and 46,477 million yen at March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

(3) Other comprehensive income

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, by component for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Unrealized gains (losses) on securities			Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments			Pension liability adjustment			Foreign currency translation adjustments			Total
Balance at March 31, 2016		140,736			(1,198	)		(371,739	)		(421,117	)		(653,318	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		(27,007	)		5,028			54,513			(17,988	)		14,546
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income		(3,286	)		(3,888	)		8,719			—			1,545
Net other comprehensive income		(30,293	)		1,140			63,232			(17,988	)		16,091
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(16,192	)		—			229			(2,495	)		(18,458	)
Balance at March 31, 2017		126,635			(58	)		(308,736	)		(436,610	)		(618,769	)

	Yen in millions
	Unrealized gains (losses) on securities			Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments			Pension liability adjustment			Foreign currency translation adjustments			Total
Balance at March 31, 2017		126,635			(58	)		(308,736	)		(436,610	)		(618,769	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		2,013			(2,295	)		1,779			(4,480	)		(2,983	)
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income*		(943	)		1,111			10,611			(1,855	)		8,924
Net other comprehensive income		1,070			(1,184	)		12,390			(6,335	)		5,941
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		1,514			—			98			2,306			3,918
Balance at March 31, 2018		126,191			(1,242	)		(296,444	)		(445,251	)		(616,746	)

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	Yen in millions
	Unrealized gains (losses) on securities			Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments			Pension liability adjustment			Foreign currency translation adjustments			Total
Balance at March 31, 2018		126,191			(1,242	)		(296,444	)		(445,251	)		(616,746	)
Cumulative effect of ASU2016-01		(15,526	)		—			—			—			(15,526	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		33,124			2,316			(23,448	)		10,071			22,063
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income*		161			(1,093	)		9,488			(1,627	)		6,929
Net other comprehensive income		33,285			1,223			(13,960	)		8,444			28,992
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		8,915			—			53			(1,578	)		7,390
Balance at March 31, 2019		135,035			(19	)		(310,457	)		(435,229	)		(610,670	)

* Foreign currency translation adjustments were transferred from accumulated other comprehensive income to net income as a result of a complete or substantially complete liquidation or sale of certain foreign subsidiaries and affiliates.

Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were as follows:

	Yen in millions
Comprehensive income components	Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income									Affected line items in consolidated statements of income
	2017			2018			2019
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities		(4,560	)		(646	)		235		Financial services revenue
		(30	)		(561	)		—		Gain on sale of securities investments, net
Total before tax		(4,590	)		(1,207	)		235
Tax expense or (benefit)		1,304			264			(74	)
Net of tax		(3,286	)		(943	)		161
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments		(5,583	)		1,111			(1,093	)	Cost of sales
Total before tax		(5,583	)		1,111			(1,093	)
Tax expense or (benefit)		1,695			—			—
Net of tax		(3,888	)		1,111			(1,093	)
Pension liability adjustment		13,044			11,034			9,891		*
Tax expense or (benefit)		(4,325	)		(423	)		(403	)
Net of tax		8,719			10,611			9,488
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—			(1,855	)		(1,627	)	Foreign exchange loss, net and other operating (income) expense, net
Tax expense or (benefit)		—			—			—
Net of tax		—			(1,855	)		(1,627	)
Total amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax		1,545			8,924			6,929

* The amortization of pension and postretirement benefit components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. Refer to Note 15.

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(4) Equity transactions with noncontrolling interests

Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders and transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interests for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders		73,289			490,794			916,271
Transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interests:
Decrease in additional paid-in capital for purchase of additional shares in consolidated subsidiaries		(53,927	)		(74	)		(22,775	)
Change from net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders and transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interests		19,362			490,720			893,496

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, Sony obtained full ownership of its U.S.-based music publishing subsidiary by acquiring the 50% interest in the subsidiary held by the Estate of Michael Jackson (the “Estate”). The aggregate cash consideration paid to the Estate was 750 million U.S. dollars. The difference between the cash consideration paid and the decrease in the carrying amount of the noncontrolling interests was recognized as a decrease to additional paid-in capital of 70,730 million yen.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony acquired from the Estate the 25.1% interest in Nile Acquisition LLC (“Nile”) held by the Estate. A total of 287.5 million U.S. dollars was paid to the Estate for the acquisition. The difference between the cash consideration paid and the carrying amount of the noncontrolling interests was recognized as a decrease to additional paid-in capital of 295.9 million U.S. dollars. As a result of the acquisition, Nile became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony.

17. Stock-based compensation plans

The stock-based compensation expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 was 2,737 million yen, 5,249 million yen and 5,499 million yen, respectively. The total cash received from exercises under all of the stock-based compensation plans during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 was 2,730 million yen, 7,129 million yen and 12,757 million yen, respectively. Sony issued new shares upon exercise of these rights.

Sony has a stock-based compensation incentive plan for selected directors, corporate executive officers and employees in the form of a stock acquisition rights plan. The stock acquisition rights generally have three year graded vesting schedules and are exercisable up to ten years from the date of grant.

The weighted-average fair value per share at the date of grant of stock acquisition rights granted during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 was 1,291 yen, 2,045 yen and 1,593 yen, respectively. The fair value of stock acquisition rights granted on the date of grant and used to recognize compensation expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Weighted-average assumptions
Risk-free interest rate		1.10	%		1.14	%		1.37	%
Expected lives		6.83	years		6.55	years		5.98	years
Expected volatility*		40.00	%		38.49	%		32.52	%
Expected dividends		0.66	%		0.40	%		0.35	%

* Expected volatility was based on the historical volatilities of Sony Corporation’s common stock over the expected life of the stock acquisition rights.

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A summary of the activities regarding the stock acquisition rights plan during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 is as follows:

	Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
	Number of shares		Weighted- average exercise price		Weighted- average remaining life		Total intrinsic value
			Yen		Years		Yen in millions
Outstanding at beginning of the fiscal year		14,005,900		3,017
Granted		2,907,300		5,108
Exercised		4,525,300		2,819
Forfeited or expired		174,000		3,862
Outstanding at end of the fiscal year		12,213,900		3,665		7.46		11,133
Exercisable at end of the fiscal year		5,820,800		2,855		5.84		9,867

The total intrinsic value of shares exercised under the stock acquisition rights plan during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 was 1,541 million yen, 6,970 million yen and 13,325 million yen, respectively.

As of March 31, 2019, there was 5,159 million yen of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested stock acquisition rights. This expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.94 years.

18. Kumamoto Earthquake

In April 2016, a series of earthquakes occurred in the Kumamoto region of Japan. These earthquakes caused damage to certain fixed assets, including buildings, machinery and equipment, as well as inventories in manufacturing sites located in the Kumamoto region.

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, Sony incurred incremental losses and associated expenses including repair costs of fixed assets and a loss on disposal of inventories directly related to the damage caused by the earthquakes of 16,682 million yen. These losses and expenses were primarily recorded in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of income and were offset by insurance recoveries of 10,682 million yen, as described below. In addition, Sony incurred other expenses of 9,365 million yen, which included idle facility costs at manufacturing sites. These expenses were primarily recorded in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of income.

Sony has insurance policies that cover certain damage directly caused by the earthquakes for Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries, including damage at manufacturing sites. The insurance policies cover the damage and costs associated with fixed assets and inventories, as well as incremental expenses including removal and cleaning costs. These policies also provide business interruption coverage, including coverage for lost profits. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, Sony recorded insurance receivables of 10,682 million yen, representing a portion of the insurance recoveries that were deemed probable of collection up to the extent of the amount of corresponding losses recognized in the same period. Of the insurance receivables recorded during the period, substantially all relate to damaged assets and inventories, and do not include amounts for business interruption or lost profits. Sony concluded that the recoveries from insurance claims are probable based on the coverage under valid policies, communications with the insurance carriers, Sony’s past claims history with the insurance carriers, and Sony’s assessment that the insurance carriers have the financial ability to pay the claims. In March 2017, 10,000 million yen was agreed to by the insurance carriers. These receivables are recorded within other receivables, whereas the remaining receivables of 682 million yen is recorded in other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017.

Sony has underwritten 2,000 million yen in reinsurance policies for the above insurance carriers related to the policy described above. The amount was recorded in other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 and was paid to the insurance carriers in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.

In April 2017, the remaining insurance claims of 10,000 million yen that were mainly for business interruption coverage were agreed to by the carriers. As a result, the total amount of insurance recoveries paid to

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Sony in April 2017 was 20,000 million yen. 9,318 million yen, which was the difference between 20,000 million yen and 10,682 million yen as described above, was recorded in other operating revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. The proceeds from insurance recoveries were presented as cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.

19. Revenue

(1) Contract balances

Contract assets and contract liabilities are comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	April 1, 2018		March 31, 2019
Contract assets		15,241		19,147
Contract liabilities*		258,327		254,646

* Contract liabilities are included in the consolidated balance sheets as “Other”, both current and non-current.

Contract liabilities principally relate to customer advances received prior to performance. Revenues of 201,628 million yen were recognized during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, which were included in the balance of contract liabilities at April 1, 2018. Revenues of 49,223 million yen were recognized during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 from performance obligations satisfied prior to March 31, 2018.

(2) Performance obligations

Remaining (unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied) performance obligations represent future revenues not yet recorded for firm orders that have not yet been performed. Sony applies practical expedients to exclude certain information about the remaining performance obligations, primarily related to contracts with an expected original duration of less than one year, and sales-based or usage-based royalty revenue on licenses of intellectual property. The following table shows the summary of the transaction prices allocated to remaining performance obligations that are unsatisfied at March 31, 2019, of which more than half are expected to be recognized within one year and substantially all within three years.

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2019
Pictures — Motion Pictures and Television Productions*1		476,197
Pictures — Media Networks		25,996
Music*2		93,783
Others		45,597

*1 For Motion Pictures and Television Productions in the Pictures segment, Sony has included all contracts regardless of duration.

*2 Amount included in the Music segment primarily consists of minimum royalty guarantees or fixed fees in contracts related to license revenue for ongoing access to an evolving library of content. These contracts also include sales-based or usage-based royalties that are excluded from the amount above, of which substantially all are recognized as revenue within three years.

(3) Contract costs

Contract costs are comprised as follows:

	Yen in millions
	April 1, 2018		March 31, 2019
Incremental costs of obtaining a contract		7,703		6,581

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Sony applies practical expedients to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense if the amortization period of the asset that otherwise would have been recognized is one year or less. The amortization of 7,666 million yen was recognized during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are primarily recognized in the MC segment for the internet-related service business and amortized to expense over the contract period.

(4) Disaggregation of revenue

For the breakdown of sales and operating revenue by segments, product categories and geographies, refer to Note 29.

20. Restructuring charges

As part of its effort to improve the performance of the various businesses, Sony has undertaken a number of restructuring initiatives. Sony defines restructuring initiatives as activities initiated by Sony, which are designed to generate a positive impact on future profitability. These activities include exiting a business or product category, implementing a headcount reduction program, realignment of its manufacturing sites to low-cost areas, utilizing the services of third-party original equipment and design manufacturers (OEMs and ODMs), a review of its development and design structure, and the streamlining of its sales and administrative functions. The restructuring activities are generally short term in nature and are generally completed within one year of initiation.

The changes in the accrued restructuring charges for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 are as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Employee termination benefits			Non-cash write-downs and disposals, net*			Other associated costs			Total
Balance at March 31, 2016		22,531			—			11,735			34,266
Restructuring costs		9,854			42,717			7,142			59,713
Non-cash charges		—			(42,717	)		—			(42,717	)
Cash payments		(19,759	)		—			(8,871	)		(28,630	)
Adjustments		(992	)		—			(839	)		(1,831	)
Balance at March 31, 2017		11,634			—			9,167			20,801
Restructuring costs		18,999			2,233			1,147			22,379
Non-cash charges		—			(2,233	)		—			(2,233	)
Cash payments		(9,950	)		—			(6,352	)		(16,302	)
Adjustments		(1,197	)		—			226			(971	)
Balance at March 31, 2018		19,486			—			4,188			23,674
Restructuring costs		24,449			2,731			5,825			33,005
Non-cash charges		—			(2,731	)		—			(2,731	)
Cash payments		(19,150	)		—			(2,555	)		(21,705	)
Adjustments		955			—			(357	)		598
Balance at March 31, 2019		25,740			—			7,101			32,841

* Significant asset impairments excluded from restructuring charges are described in Note 13.

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Total costs incurred in connection with these restructuring programs by segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 are as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31, 2017
	Employee termination benefits		Other associated costs*			Total net restructuring charges			Depreciation associated with restructured assets		Total
Game & Network Services		225		6			231			—		231
Music		2,116		1,474			3,590			—		3,590
Pictures		2,467		—			2,467			—		2,467
Home Entertainment & Sound		68		684			752			—		752
Imaging Products & Solutions		563		77			640			—		640
Mobile Communications		516		172			688			138		826
Semiconductors		4		(13	)		(9	)		—		(9	)
Financial Services		—		—			—			—		—
All Other and Corporate		3,895		47,459			51,354			364		51,718
Total		9,854		49,859			59,713			502		60,215

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018
	Employee termination benefits		Other associated costs*		Total net restructuring charges		Depreciation associated with restructured assets		Total
Game & Network Services		—		—		—		—		—
Music		6,358		272		6,630		—		6,630
Pictures		2,922		—		2,922		—		2,922
Home Entertainment & Sound		846		6		852		—		852
Imaging Products & Solutions		530		94		624		—		624
Mobile Communications		2,008		18		2,026		0		2,026
Semiconductors		28		—		28		—		28
Financial Services		—		—		—		—		—
All Other and Corporate		6,307		2,990		9,297		26		9,323
Total		18,999		3,380		22,379		26		22,405

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
	Employee termination benefits		Other associated costs*		Total net restructuring charges		Depreciation associated with restructured assets		Total
Game & Network Services		—		—		—		—		—
Music		2,991		201		3,192		—		3,192
Pictures		4,795		—		4,795		—		4,795
Home Entertainment & Sound		—		—		—		—		—
Imaging Products & Solutions		—		—		—		—		—
Mobile Communications		11,437		4,574		16,011		86		16,097
Semiconductors		—		—		—		—		—
Financial Services		—		—		—		—		—
All Other and Corporate		5,226		3,781		9,007		—		9,007
Total		24,449		8,556		33,005		86		33,091

* Other associated costs includes non-cash write-downs and disposals, net

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Depreciation associated with restructured assets as used in the context of the disclosures regarding restructuring activities refers to the increase in depreciation expense caused by revising the useful life and the salvage value of depreciable fixed assets under an approved restructuring plan. Any impairment of the assets is recognized immediately in the period it is identified.

Retirement programs

Sony has undergone several headcount reduction programs to further reduce operating costs primarily in an effort to improve the performance of certain segments related to the Electronics business and reduce cost at the headquarters function. Through measures including the realignment of its manufacturing sites, a review of its development and design structure, and the streamlining of its sales and administrative functions, Sony has continued to implement a company-wide (including headquarters) rationalization. Sony intends to reallocate and optimize its workforce through programs including work reassignments and outplacements. The employee termination benefits costs in the above table are included in selling, general and administrative in the consolidated statements of income.

Music

In an effort to optimize the organization and improve the performance of the Music segment, Sony has implemented a number of restructuring initiatives targeting operating effectiveness and cost reduction. These activities resulted in restructuring charges primarily consisting of headcount reductions totaling 6,630 million yen and 3,192 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

Pictures

In an effort to optimize the organization and improve the performance of the Pictures segment, Sony has implemented a number of restructuring initiatives targeting operating effectiveness and cost reduction. These activities resulted in restructuring charges primarily consisting of headcount reductions totaling 4,795 million yen for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

MC

In an effort to improve the performance of the smartphone business in the MC segment, Sony has implemented a number of restructuring initiatives targeting profitability improvement. These activities resulted in restructuring charges primarily consisting of the closure and consolidation of manufacturing sites as well as sales offices overseas totaling 16,011 million yen for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

All Other and Corporate

As described in Note 26, Sony and Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. signed a binding definitive agreement on October 31, 2016 to transfer the Sony Group’s battery business to the Murata Group, which was completed on September 1, 2017. Sony classified certain assets and liabilities related to the battery business as held for sale and, as a result of the fair value valuation of these assets and liabilities, recorded impairment losses of 42,298 million yen in other operating (income) expense, net in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017.

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21. Supplemental consolidated statements of income information

(1) Other operating (income) expense, net

Sony records transactions in other operating (income) expense, net due to either the nature of the transaction or in consideration of factors including the relationship to Sony’s core operations.

Other operating (income) expense, net is comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Gain on sale of Sony City Osaki*1		(4,914	)		(4,914	)		—
Gain on remeasurement of EMI shares*2		—			—			(116,939	)
Gain on sale and issuance of M3 shares*3		(37,167	)		(18	)		(61	)
(Gain) loss on purchase/sale of interests in subsidiaries and affiliates, net*4		(4,259	)		(29,595	)		(1,496	)
(Gain) loss on sale, disposal or impairment of assets, net*5		195,341			38,599			46,928
		149,001			4,072			(71,568	)

*1 A portion of gain on sale and leaseback transactions is deferred and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

*2 Refer to Notes 5 and 25.

*3 Refer to Note 5.

*4 Refer to Notes 25 and 26.

*5 Refer to Notes 9, 13, 20 and 26.

(2) Research and development costs

Research and development costs charged to cost of sales for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 447,456 million yen, 458,518 million yen and 481,202 million yen, respectively.

(3) Advertising costs

Advertising costs included in selling, general and administrative expenses for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 363,815 million yen, 407,106 million yen and 385,500 million yen, respectively.

(4) Shipping and handling costs

Shipping and handling costs for finished goods included in selling, general and administrative expenses for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 42,195 million yen, 46,252 million yen and 51,757 million yen, respectively, which included the internal transportation costs of finished goods.

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22. Income taxes

Domestic and foreign components of income before income taxes and the provision for current and deferred income taxes attributable to such income are summarized as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017		2018			2019
Income before income taxes:
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan		166,158		436,494			310,020
Foreign subsidiaries		85,461		262,555			701,628
		251,619		699,049			1,011,648
Income taxes — Current:
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan		49,739		69,697			82,081
Foreign subsidiaries		50,521		57,988			84,667
		100,260		127,685			166,748
Income taxes — Deferred:
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan		11,478		29,640			17,907
Foreign subsidiaries		12,320		(5,555	)		(139,557	)
		23,798		24,085			(121,650	)
Total income tax expense		124,058		151,770			45,098

A reconciliation of the differences between the Japanese statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate is as follows:

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Statutory tax rate		31.7	%		31.5	%		31.5	%
Non-deductible expenses		2.3			0.8			0.7
Income tax credits		(2.9	)		(0.6	)		(1.6	)
Change in statutory tax rate and law		0.3			(1.2	)		(0.3	)
Change in valuation allowances (other than the reversal of Sony Americas Holding Inc. (“SAHI”) and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group below)		7.3			(5.2	)		2.3
The reversal of valuation allowances of SAHI and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group		—			—			(15.3	)
Change in deferred tax liabilities on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures		(1.4	)		(0.8	)		(0.1	)
Lower tax rate applied to life and non-life insurance business in Japan		(2.2	)		(0.8	)		(0.5	)
Foreign income tax differential		(3.0	)		(2.6	)		(6.4	)
Adjustments to tax reserves		(1.1	)		(0.8	)		(0.3	)
Effect of equity in net income of affiliated companies		0.0			0.0			0.0
The remeasurement gain for the equity interest in EMI		—			—			(2.4	)
Impairment of goodwill in the Pictures segment		15.0			—			—
Other		3.3			1.4			(3.1	)
Effective income tax rate		49.3	%		21.7	%		4.5	%

In March 2016, the Japanese legislature enacted tax law changes which included further lowering of the national corporate tax rate, limiting the annual use of net operating loss carryforwards to 55% of taxable income for the period ended March 31, 2018, and to 50% of taxable income for periods beginning on or after April 1, 2018. As a result, the statutory tax rate from the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 onward will be approximately 31.5%. On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Tax Reform Act was signed into law, making significant changes to the

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U.S. tax rules. Changes include, but are not limited to, a corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective for tax years beginning January 1, 2018 and the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a modified territorial system, with a one-time mandatory transition tax on previously deferred foreign earnings of U.S. subsidiaries.

Sony is required to record the effects of a tax law change in the period of enactment; however, shortly after the enactment of the U.S. Tax Reform Act, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission staff issued SAB 118, which allows a company to record a provisional amount when it does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete its accounting for the change in the tax law. The measurement period ends when the company has obtained, prepared and analyzed the information necessary to finalize its accounting, but cannot extend beyond one year.

Sony calculated its best estimate of the impact of the U.S. Tax Reform Act in the March 31, 2018 income tax provision in accordance with its understanding of the U.S. Tax Reform Act and guidance available at that time. Sony has completed its accounting for all enactment date effects and no material adjustment was recorded to the provisional amount in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

In addition to lowering the statutory corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, the U.S. Tax Reform Act also eliminated certain deductions, included new restrictions on the deduction for interest, introduced a new tax regime called the Base Erosion Anti-Abuse Tax or “BEAT”, and changed how foreign earnings of the U.S. group are subject to tax. The U.S. Tax Reform Act also enhanced and extended the option to claim accelerated depreciation and amortization deductions by allowing full expensing of qualified property, including film costs, through 2022. The U.S. Tax Reform Act also provided for beneficial treatment of certain income derived by a U.S. entity from outside the United States (referred to as Foreign Derived Intangible Income or “FDII”).

The BEAT creates a minimum tax on multinational corporations by requiring companies subject to the BEAT to pay the greater of their regular tax liability (less certain credits, including foreign tax credits) or 10% for taxable years beginning in 2019 (6.25% for Sony’s fiscal year ended March 31. 2019) of a modified tax base which adds back certain related party payments. The BEAT comparison to regular tax must be done each year if the taxpayer’s “base erosion” related party payments exceed 3% of total deductions on its U.S. tax return. Sony expects to exceed the 3% threshold for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 based on current estimates available as of March 31, 2019. This threshold calculation will be finalized at the time of the filing of the tax return. If Sony exceeds the 3% threshold and is subject to the BEAT rules, Sony expects that its BEAT tax liability will exceed its regular tax liability as a result of the use of foreign tax credits to reduce its regular tax liability. Sony is required to account for BEAT as a period cost and to record deferred taxes at the regular statutory rate. Accordingly, Sony has recorded its U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities at 21%.

Sony provides a valuation allowance for its deferred tax assets, which includes net operating losses, temporary differences and tax credits, when it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of its deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income in the relevant tax jurisdiction. As of December 31, 2018, SAHI and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group has continued its profitable trend, primarily as a result of the G&NS segment and the Music segment. Based on an assessment of the available positive and negative evidence, in particular recent profit history and forecasted profitability, in the quarter ended December 31, 2018, Sony reversed the valuation allowances recorded against a significant portion of the deferred tax assets in the United States, primarily for net operating losses, temporary differences and certain tax credits, and recorded a tax benefit of 154,201 million yen.

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The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018			2019
Deferred tax assets:
Operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes		439,206			413,494
Accrued pension and severance costs		106,161			103,652
Amortization including film costs		95,069			86,196
Warranty reserves and accrued expenses		104,410			108,515
Future insurance policy benefits		33,812			36,683
Inventory		15,792			19,716
Depreciation		43,353			34,638
Tax credit carryforwards		125,327			117,471
Reserve for doubtful accounts		8,534			9,136
Impairment of investments		14,146			12,278
Deferred revenue		14,478			19,081
Other		132,800			169,897
Gross deferred tax assets		1,133,088			1,130,757
Less: Valuation allowance		(899,835	)		(723,114	)
Total deferred tax assets		233,253			407,643
Deferred tax liabilities:
Insurance acquisition costs		(166,717	)		(169,244	)
Future insurance policy benefits		(167,058	)		(181,052	)
Unbilled accounts receivable in the Pictures segment		(63,196	)		(44,842	)
Unrealized gains on securities		(83,298	)		(75,573	)
Gain on equity securities		—			(33,082	)
Intangible assets acquired through stock exchange offerings		(23,949	)		(23,949	)
Intangible assets derived from EMI Music Publishing acquisition		—			(93,979	)
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures		(14,160	)		(15,758	)
Investment in M3		(35,802	)		(37,007	)
Other		(32,164	)		(62,092	)
Gross deferred tax liabilities		(586,344	)		(736,578	)
Net deferred tax liabilities		(353,091	)		(328,935	)

Based on the weight of the available positive and negative evidence, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony continued to maintain valuation allowances against the deferred tax assets at Sony Corporation and its national tax filing group in Japan, as well as at Sony Mobile Communications in Sweden, Sony Europe B.V. in the United Kingdom, certain subsidiaries in Brazil, and certain subsidiaries in other tax jurisdictions. Valuation allowances also continue to be recorded on the remaining U.S. deferred tax assets, primarily foreign tax credits, due to restrictions on the use of such assets and their relatively short remaining carryforward periods.

The net changes in the total valuation allowance were decreases of 3,894 million yen, 152,129 million yen and 176,721 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

The decrease in the valuation allowances during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 was primarily due to the use of net operating loss carryforwards for the national tax filing group in Japan.

The decrease in the valuation allowances during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 was primarily due to the use of net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets for both the national tax filing group in Japan and the consolidated tax filing group in the United States. The U.S. deferred tax assets were also reduced as a result of the reduction in the tax rate under the U.S. Tax Reform Act which had a corresponding reduction of the valuation allowance on those assets. In addition, valuation allowances were reversed in several jurisdictions, including France and Canada, as a result of sustained profitability.

The decrease in the valuation allowances during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 was due to the reversal of the valuation allowances on significant deferred tax assets in SAHI and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group and the use of net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets in the national tax filing group in Japan and other jurisdictions.

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At March 31, 2019, 21,082 million yen of deferred income taxes have not been provided on undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures not expected to be remitted in the foreseeable future totaling 1,317,603 million yen. In addition, deferred income taxes have not been provided on the gain on the book/tax basis difference in subsidiaries, including a gain of 61,544 million yen on a subsidiary’s sale of stock arising from the issuance of common stock of Sony Music Entertainment (Japan) Inc. in a public offering to third parties in November 1991 and the remeasurement gain for the equity interest in EMI (Refer to Note 25). Sony does not anticipate any significant tax consequences on the possible future disposition of these investments based on its tax planning strategies.

At March 31, 2019, Sony had net operating loss carryforwards, the tax effect of which totaled 413,494 million yen, which may be available as an offset against future taxable income on tax returns to be filed in various tax jurisdictions. With the exception of 162,194 million yen with no expiration period, substantially all of the total net operating loss carryforwards expire at various dates between the fiscal years ending March 31, 2020 and 2024.

Tax credit carryforwards at March 31, 2019 amounted to 117,471 million yen. With the exception of 20,127 million yen with no expiration period, substantially all of the total available tax credit carryforwards expire at various dates between the fiscal years ending March 31, 2020 and 2029.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending gross amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Balance at beginning of the fiscal year		114,126			119,529			95,425
Reductions for tax positions of prior years		(558	)		(8,809	)		(31,396	)
Additions for tax positions of prior years		13,353			4,681			3,094
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year		8,231			5,740			2,594
Settlements		(8,300	)		(21,893	)		(4,235	)
Lapse in statute of limitations		(3,454	)		(3,469	)		(14,824	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(3,869	)		(354	)		(81	)
Balance at end of the fiscal year		119,529			95,425			50,577
Total net amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate		45,987			39,308			35,004

The major changes in the total gross amount of unrecognized tax benefit balances relate to transfer pricing adjustments, including as a result of the Bilateral Advance Pricing Agreements (“APAs”) and competent authority requests filed for certain subsidiaries in the G&NS, HE&S, IP&S, MC and Semiconductors segments and All Other, with respect to the intercompany cross-border transactions. The APAs include agreements between Sony and two taxing authorities under the authority of the mutual agreement procedure specified in income tax treaties. Sony reviews its estimated tax expense based on the progress made in these procedures, and the progress of transfer pricing audits generally, and makes adjustments to its estimates as necessary. In addition, the APAs are government to government negotiations, and therefore it is possible that the final outcomes of the agreements may differ from Sony’s current assessment of the more-likely-than-not outcomes of such agreements.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, Sony recorded 474 million yen of interest expense and reversed 597 million yen of penalties. At March 31, 2017, Sony had recorded liabilities of 9,735 million yen and 3,761 million yen for the payments of interest and penalties, respectively.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, Sony recorded 1,053 million yen of interest expense and 876 million yen of penalties. At March 31, 2018, Sony had recorded liabilities of 10,788 million yen and 4,637 million yen for the payments of interest and penalties, respectively.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony reversed 1,479 million yen of interest expense and recorded 218 million yen of penalties. At March 31, 2019, Sony had recorded liabilities of 9,309 million yen and 4,855 million yen for the payments of interest and penalties, respectively.

Sony operates in multiple jurisdictions throughout the world, and its tax returns are periodically audited by Japanese and foreign taxing authorities. As a result of audit settlements, the conclusion of current examinations,

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the expiration of the statute of limitations in several jurisdictions and other reevaluations of Sony’s tax positions, it is expected that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will change in the next twelve months. Accordingly, Sony believes it is reasonably possible that its existing unrecognized tax benefits may be reduced by an amount up to 1,639 million yen within the next twelve months.

Sony remains subject to examinations by Japanese taxing authorities for tax years from 2009 through 2018, and by the U.S. tax authorities for tax years from 2015 through 2018 and other material foreign taxing authorities for tax years from 2006 through 2018.

23. Reconciliation of the differences between basic and diluted EPS

Reconciliation of the differences between basic and diluted EPS for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 is as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017		2018		2019
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders for basic and diluted EPS computation		73,289		490,794		916,271
	Thousands of shares
Weighted-average shares outstanding		1,262,023		1,263,895		1,266,592
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock acquisition rights		2,358		4,565		4,088
Zero coupon convertible bonds		23,962		23,960		23,966
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS computation		1,288,343		1,292,420		1,294,646
	Yen
Basic EPS		58.07		388.32		723.41
Diluted EPS		56.89		379.75		707.74

Potential shares of common stock which were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 6,856 thousand shares, 2,921 thousand shares and 5,731 thousand shares, respectively. Potential shares related to stock acquisition rights were excluded as anti-dilutive for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 when the exercise price for those shares was in excess of the average market value of Sony’s common stock for those fiscal years. The zero coupon convertible bonds issued in July 2015 were included in the diluted EPS calculation under the if-converted method beginning upon issuance.

24. Variable interest entities

Sony has, from time to time, entered into various arrangements with VIEs. These arrangements include several joint ventures in the recorded music business, an equity investment in the music publishing business, the financing of film production and the outsourcing of manufacturing operations. In addition, Sony has entered into several accounts receivable sales programs that involve VIEs, which are described in Note 6. For the VIEs that are described below, it has been determined that Sony is the primary beneficiary and, accordingly, these VIEs are consolidated by Sony.

Sony’s U.S. subsidiary that is engaged in the recorded music business has entered into several joint ventures with companies involved in the production and creation of recorded music. Sony has reviewed these joint ventures and determined that they are VIEs. Based on a qualitative assessment, it was determined that Sony has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIEs’ economic performance, as well as the obligation to absorb the losses of these VIEs as Sony is responsible for providing funding to these VIEs, and in most cases absorbs all losses until the VIEs become profitable. As a result, it has been determined that Sony is the primary beneficiary. The assets of Sony are not available to settle the obligations of these VIEs. As of March 31, 2019, the total assets and liabilities for these VIEs, on an aggregate basis, were 47,700 million yen and 27,861 million yen, respectively.

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As described in Note 6, certain accounts receivable sales programs also involve VIEs. These VIEs are all special purpose entities associated with the sponsor banks. Based on a qualitative assessment, Sony is not the primary beneficiary and therefore does not consolidate these entities as Sony does not have the power to direct the activities, an obligation to absorb losses, or the right to receive the residual returns of these VIEs. Sony’s maximum exposure to losses from these VIEs is considered insignificant.

25. Acquisitions

(1) TEN Sports Network acquisition

On February 28, 2017, Sony Pictures Networks India, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony, completed the first phase of a two-phase acquisition of the TEN Sports Network in a majority of the countries and territories where TEN Sports Network operates, including India, for total consideration of 39,106 million yen (346 million U.S. dollars), of which 37,298 million yen (330 million U.S. dollars) was paid during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 and the remaining 1,772 million yen (16 million U.S. dollars) was paid during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. On September 15, 2017, Sony Pictures Networks India completed the final phase of the acquisition for cash consideration of 2,316 million yen (21 million U.S. dollars).

As a result of the acquisition, Sony recorded 26,489 million yen (235 million U.S. dollars) of goodwill and 14,910 million yen (132 million U.S. dollars) of intangible assets. The cash consideration paid in this transaction, net of cash received, is included within Other in the investing activities section of the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effect of the acquisition was not material.

(2) EMI Music Publishing acquisition

On November 14, 2018, Sony Corporation of America, Sony’s wholly-owned subsidiary, completed the acquisition of the entirety of the approximately 60% equity interest held by the investor consortium led by the Mubadala Investment Company in DH Publishing, L.P. (“EMI”), which owned and managed EMI Music Publishing, for the equity purchase price of 257,168 million yen (2,269 million U.S. dollars), which includes payments related to warrants and management equity plans. Sony paid all the consideration in cash upon the acquisition. As a result of this acquisition, EMI has become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony. This acquisition allows Sony to build upon its music publishing library by providing the Company with full ownership of the EMI Music Publishing catalog which was being administered by Sony’s wholly-owned music publishing subsidiary, Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Sony’s consolidated income statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 include revenue and operating income of 28,871 million yen (260 million U.S. dollars) and 6,432 million yen (58 million U.S. dollars), respectively, attributable to EMI since the date of acquisition. Sony’s consolidated income statements for the three months ended March 31, 2019 include revenue and operating income of 18,420 million yen (167 million U.S. dollars) and 4,522 million yen (41 million U.S. dollars), respectively, attributable to EMI.

Prior to the acquisition, Sony’s interest in EMI was accounted for under the equity method of accounting. As a result of Sony obtaining a controlling interest in EMI, Sony consolidated EMI using the acquisition method of accounting and recorded the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities assumed and residual goodwill of EMI. Sony remeasured the approximately 40% equity interest in EMI that Sony already owned prior to the acquisition at a fair value of 141,141 million yen (1,245 million U.S. dollars) which resulted in the recognition of a non-cash gain of 116,939 million yen (1,032 million U.S. dollars) recorded in other operating income, net for the three months ended December 31, 2018. Sony did not record any tax expense or deferred tax liability corresponding to this gain. Sony also assumed EMI’s existing interest-bearing debt of 148,621 million yen (1,311 million U.S. dollars) as a result of this acquisition, of which 108,942 million yen (961 million U.S. dollars) was repaid immediately from Sony’s existing cash.

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The following table summarizes the fair values assigned to the assets and liabilities of EMI that were recorded in the Music segment. The purchase price allocation as of the date of the acquisition is preliminary and is subject to revision as more detailed analyses are completed. The primary areas of the purchase price allocation that are not yet finalized are related to income taxes and the residual goodwill.

	Yen in millions
Cash and cash equivalents		12,971
Notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets		32,287
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		10,220
Securities investments and other		1,476
Intangibles, net		420,534
Goodwill		237,271
Other		10,023
Total assets		724,782
Notes and accounts payable, trade		1,731
Accounts payable, other and accrued expenses		70,675
Accrued income and other taxes		3,082
Long-term debt		148,621
Accrued pension and severance costs		1,947
Deferred income taxes		94,849
Other		5,564
Total liabilities		326,469

Intangibles mainly consists of music publishing catalogs with weighted average amortization periods of 43 years. Goodwill represents unidentifiable intangible assets, such as future growth from new revenue streams and synergies with existing Sony assets and businesses, and is calculated as the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and is not deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill recorded in connection with this acquisition is included in the Music segment.

The following unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of Sony and EMI as though the acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018:

	Yen in millions, Yen per share amounts
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2018		2019
Net sales		8,612,280		8,738,209
Operating income		854,786		801,973
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders		584,019		817,629
Per share data:
— Basic EPS		462.08		645.53
— Diluted EPS		451.88		631.55

The unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information is based on estimates and assumptions, which Sony believes are reasonable, and is not intended to represent or be indicative of what Sony’s consolidated net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders would have been had the acquisition been completed at the beginning of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 and should not be taken as indicative of Sony’s future consolidated net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders. The unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information includes the elimination of equity in net income and consolidation of EMI, the adjustment of the gain from the remeasurement of the previously owned equity interest, incremental intangible asset amortization, net of the related tax effects and the adjustments of expenses incurred in relation to warrants and management equity plans.

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(3) Other acquisitions

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, Sony completed other acquisitions for total consideration of 12,409 million yen which were paid for primarily in cash and there was no material contingent consideration subject to future change. As a result of these acquisitions, Sony recorded 12,384 million yen of goodwill and 7,073 million yen of intangible assets.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, Sony completed other acquisitions for total consideration of 27,459 million yen which were paid for primarily in cash and there was no material contingent consideration subject to future change. As a result of these acquisitions, Sony recorded 20,013 million yen of goodwill and 4,980 million yen of intangible assets.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony completed other acquisitions for total consideration of 7,743 million yen which were paid for primarily in cash and there was no material contingent consideration subject to future change. As a result of these acquisitions, Sony recorded 5,773 million yen of goodwill and 4,422 million yen of intangible assets.

No significant amounts have been allocated to in-process research and development and all of the entities described above have been consolidated into Sony’s results of operations since their respective acquisition dates. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effects of other acquisitions, individually and in aggregate, were not material.

26. Divestitures

(1) Battery business

On October 31, 2016, Sony and Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. signed a binding definitive agreement to transfer the Sony Group’s battery business to the Murata Group which was completed on September 1, 2017. Sony classified certain assets and liabilities related to the battery business as held for sale and, as a result of the fair value valuation of these assets and liabilities, recorded impairment losses of 42,298 million yen in other operating (income) expense, net in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017.

(2) Sale of equity interest in Sony Electronics Huanan Co., Ltd.

On April 1, 2017, Sony transferred all of the equity interest in Sony Electronics Huanan Co., Ltd. (“SEH”), a wholly-owned subsidiary in the Semiconductors segment that manufactures camera modules, to Shen Zhen O-Film Tech Co., Ltd. The consideration for the transfer is approximately 234 million U.S. dollars, including the assumption of SEH’s debt and the sales price of approximately 95 million U.S. dollars. As the result of the transfer, Sony recognized a gain on transfer totaling 28,262 million yen in other operating (income) expense, net in the consolidated statement of income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.

27. Collaborative arrangements

Sony’s collaborative arrangements primarily relate to arrangements entered into, through subsidiaries in the Pictures segment, with one or more active participants to jointly finance, produce and/or distribute motion pictures or television programming under which both the subsidiaries and the other active participants share in the risks and rewards of ownership. These arrangements are referred to as co-production and distribution arrangements.

Sony typically records an asset for only the portion of the motion pictures or television programming it owns and finances. Sony and the other participants typically distribute the product in different media or markets. Revenues earned and expenses incurred for the media or markets in which Sony distributes the product are typically recorded on a gross basis. Sony typically does not record revenues earned and expenses incurred when the other participants distribute the product. Sony and the other participants typically share in the profits from the distribution of the product in all media or markets. For motion pictures, if Sony is a net receiver of (1) Sony’s share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by the other participants less (2) the other participants’ share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by Sony then the net amount is recorded as net sales. If Sony is a net payer then the net amount is recorded in cost of sales. For television programming, Sony records its share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by the other participants as sales, and the other participants’ share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by Sony as cost of sales.

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For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, 44,124 million yen, 49,547 million yen and 42,343 million yen, respectively, were recorded as net sales for amounts due from the other participants and 29,594 million yen, 24,280 million yen and 22,702 million yen, respectively, were recorded as cost of sales for amounts owed to the other participants in these collaborative arrangements.

28. Commitments, contingent liabilities and other

(1) Loan commitments

Subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment have entered into loan agreements with their customers in accordance with the condition of the contracts. As of March 31, 2019, the total unused portion of the lines of credit extended under these contracts was 27,553 million yen. Based upon the information currently available, it is not possible to estimate the aggregate amounts of future year-by-year payments for these loan commitments.

(2) Purchase commitments and other

Purchase commitments and other outstanding as of March 31, 2019 amounted to 593,338 million yen. The major components of these commitments are as follows:

Certain subsidiaries in the Pictures segment have entered into agreements with creative talent for the development and production of motion pictures and television programming as well as agreements with third parties to acquire completed motion pictures, or certain rights therein, and to acquire the rights to broadcast certain live action sporting events. These agreements cover various periods mainly within three years. As of March 31, 2019, these subsidiaries were committed to make payments under such contracts of 94,871 million yen.

Certain subsidiaries in the Music segment have entered into contracts with recording artists, songwriters and companies for the future production, distribution and/or licensing of music product. These contracts cover various periods mainly within six years. As of March 31, 2019, these subsidiaries were committed to make payments of 112,578 million yen under such contracts.

A subsidiary in the G&NS segment has entered into contracts for programming content. These contracts cover various periods mainly within a year. As of March 31, 2019, this subsidiary was committed to make payments of 11,027 million yen under such contracts.

Sony has entered into purchase contracts for fixed assets. As of March 31, 2019, Sony has committed to make payments of 164,174 million yen under such contracts.

Sony has entered into purchase contracts for materials. As of March 31, 2019, Sony has committed to make payments of 125,164 million yen under such contracts.

Sony has entered into sponsorship contracts related to advertising and promotional rights. These contracts cover various periods mainly within two years. As of March 31, 2019, Sony has committed to make payments of 10,132 million yen under such contracts.

The schedule of the aggregate amounts of year-by-year payment of purchase commitments during the next five fiscal years and thereafter is as follows:

Fiscal year ending March 31	Yen in millions
2020		344,417
2021		82,600
2022		55,492
2023		40,349
2024		26,387
Later fiscal years		44,093
Total		593,338

(3) Litigation

Beginning in 2009, the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”), the European Commission and certain other governmental agencies outside the United States have conducted investigations relating to competition in the

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optical disk drives market. Sony Corporation and/or certain of its subsidiaries have been subject to these investigations. Sony understands that these investigations have ended. However, proceedings initiated by the European Commission as a result of its investigation continue. In October 2015, the European Commission adopted a decision in which it fined Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries 31 million euros; however, Sony filed an appeal against the decision with the European Union’s General Court. In addition, a number of direct and indirect purchaser lawsuits, including class actions, have been filed in certain jurisdictions in which the plaintiffs allege that Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries violated antitrust laws and seek recovery of damages and other remedies. Most of these lawsuits have been settled, including the class actions brought by the direct and indirect purchasers in the United States; however, certain lawsuits continue. Based on the stage of the pending proceedings, it is not possible to estimate the amount of losses or range of possible losses, if any, that might ultimately result from adverse judgments, settlements or other resolution of all of these matters.

Since 2011, in relation to the secondary batteries business that was operated by Sony and certain of its subsidiaries, a number of direct and indirect purchaser lawsuits, including class actions, have been filed in certain jurisdictions in which the plaintiffs allege that Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries violated antitrust laws and seek recovery of damages and other remedies. Most of these lawsuits have been settled, including the class actions brought by the direct and indirect purchasers in the United States; however, certain lawsuits are still pending. Based on the stage of the pending proceedings, it is not possible to estimate the amount of losses or range of possible losses, if any, that might ultimately result from adverse judgments, settlements or other resolution of all of these matters.

In addition, Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries are defendants or otherwise involved in other pending legal and regulatory proceedings. However, based upon the information currently available, Sony believes that the outcome from such legal and regulatory proceedings would not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

(4) Guarantees

Sony has issued guarantees that contingently require payments to guaranteed parties if certain specified events or conditions occur. The maximum potential amount of future payments under these guarantees as of March 31, 2019 amounted to 2,531 million yen.

In addition to the above, Sony also issues contractual product warranties under which it generally guarantees the performance of products delivered and services rendered for a certain period or term. The changes in the product warranty liability for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 are as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Balance at beginning of the fiscal year		64,450			57,694			44,717
Additional liabilities for warranties		51,465			32,179			23,041
Settlements (in cash or in kind)		(47,922	)		(30,570	)		(26,326	)
Changes in estimate for pre-existing warranty reserve		(8,120	)		(16,802	)		(7,370	)
Translation adjustments		(2,179	)		2,216			(1,057	)
Balance at end of the fiscal year		57,694			44,717			33,005

The consideration received for extended warranty service, which is not a significant portion of the warranty activities provided by Sony, is excluded from the amounts in the table above.

29. Business segment information

The reportable segments presented below are the segments of Sony for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit or loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The CODM does not evaluate segments using discrete asset information. Sony’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer and President.

The G&NS segment includes network services businesses, the manufacture and sales of home gaming products and production and sales of software. The Music segment includes Recorded Music, Music Publishing

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and Visual Media and Platform businesses. The Pictures segment includes Motion Pictures, Television Productions and Media Networks businesses. The HE&S segment includes Televisions as well as Audio and Video businesses. The IP&S segment includes the Still and Video Cameras business. The MC segment includes the manufacture and sales of mobile phones and an internet-related service business. The Semiconductors segment includes the image sensors business. The Financial Services segment primarily represents individual life insurance and non-life insurance businesses in the Japanese market and the banking business in Japan. All Other consists of various operating activities, including the overseas disc manufacturing and recording media businesses. Sony’s products and services are generally unique to a single operating segment.

Segment sales and operating revenue:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Sales and operating revenue:
Game & Network Services —
Customers		1,581,568			1,848,298			2,224,622
Intersegment		68,231			95,514			86,250
Total		1,649,799			1,943,812			2,310,872
Music —
Customers		630,767			784,792			795,025
Intersegment		16,891			15,203			12,464
Total		647,658			799,995			807,489
Pictures —
Customers		901,230			1,010,173			985,270
Intersegment		1,899			894			1,603
Total		903,129			1,011,067			986,873
Home Entertainment & Sound —
Customers		1,034,215			1,221,734			1,154,533
Intersegment		4,789			999			878
Total		1,039,004			1,222,733			1,155,411
Imaging Products & Solutions —
Customers		571,499			647,163			661,304
Intersegment		8,134			8,729			9,146
Total		579,633			655,892			670,450
Mobile Communications —
Customers		752,688			713,916			487,330
Intersegment		6,457			9,826			10,670
Total		759,145			723,742			498,000
Semiconductors—
Customers		659,779			726,892			770,622
Intersegment		113,344			123,118			108,708
Total		773,123			850,010			879,330
Financial Services —
Customers		1,080,284			1,221,235			1,274,708
Intersegment		7,220			7,142			7,831
Total		1,087,504			1,228,377			1,282,539
All Other —
Customers		375,116			351,527			299,806
Intersegment		75,334			55,647			45,931
Total		450,450			407,174			345,737
Corporate and elimination		(286,195	)		(298,820	)		(271,014	)
Consolidated total		7,603,250			8,543,982			8,665,687

G&NS intersegment amounts primarily consist of transactions with All Other. Semiconductors intersegment amounts primarily consist of transactions with the G&NS segment, the IP&S segment and the MC segment. All

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Other intersegment amounts primarily consist of transactions with the G&NS segment, the Music segment and the Pictures segment. Corporate and elimination includes certain brand and patent royalty income.

Segment profit or loss:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Operating income (loss):
Game & Network Services		135,553			177,478			311,092
Music		75,798			127,786			232,487
Pictures		(80,521	)		41,110			54,599
Home Entertainment & Sound		58,504			85,841			89,669
Imaging Products & Solutions		47,257			74,924			83,975
Mobile Communications		10,164			(27,636	)		(97,136	)
Semiconductors		(7,811	)		164,023			143,874
Financial Services		166,424			178,947			161,477
All Other		(29,585	)		(23,530	)		(11,127	)
Total		375,783			798,943			968,910
Corporate and elimination		(87,081	)		(64,083	)		(74,675	)
Consolidated operating income		288,702			734,860			894,235
Other income		14,418			23,728			144,735
Other expenses		(51,501	)		(59,539	)		(27,322	)
Consolidated income before income taxes		251,619			699,049			1,011,648

Operating income (loss) is sales and operating revenue less costs and expenses, and includes equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies.

Corporate and elimination includes headquarters restructuring costs and certain other corporate expenses, including the amortization of certain intellectual property assets such as the cross-licensing of intangible assets acquired from Ericsson at the time of the Sony Mobile Communications acquisition, which are not allocated to segments.

Pursuant to a separation of Sony’s businesses into distinct subsidiaries and a realignment of corporate functions, changes have been made to the method of calculating the amount of pension and severance-related expenses allocated to Sony’s headquarters and each business segment from the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. As a result of these changes, an increase in corporate costs totaling 7.5 billion yen is included in Corporate and elimination for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. Conversely, a decrease in expenses totaling the same amount is included in each business segment, mainly in the Semiconductors (3.2 billion yen) and IP&S (2.0 billion yen) segments. These changes have no impact on consolidated operating income.

F-81

SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Other significant items:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies:
Game & Network Services		—			—			—
Music		5,435			4,483			(6,915	)
Pictures		(35	)		(129	)		106
Home Entertainment & Sound		—			—			—
Imaging Products & Solutions		—			—			—
Mobile Communications		(79	)		(102	)		(38	)
Semiconductors		—			—			—
Financial Services		(3,601	)		(61	)		(682	)
All Other		1,843			4,378			4,530
Consolidated total		3,563			8,569			(2,999	)
Depreciation and amortization:
Game & Network Services		25,486			29,091			29,023
Music		16,124			18,230			21,259
Pictures		20,487			24,458			24,081
Home Entertainment & Sound		19,830			21,136			21,887
Imaging Products & Solutions		25,442			23,928			24,867
Mobile Communications		19,794			19,215			14,995
Semiconductors		102,328			99,258			110,746
Financial Services, including deferred insurance acquisition costs		47,056			79,843			91,179
All Other		7,407			5,910			4,940
Total		283,954			321,069			342,977
Corporate		43,094			40,375			31,049
Consolidated total		327,048			361,444			374,026

F-82

SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

The following table includes a breakdown of sales and operating revenue to external customers by product category for certain segments. Sony management views each segment as a single operating segment.

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017		2018		2019
Sales and operating revenue:
Game & Network Services
Digital Software and Add-on Content		525,683		762,220		1,102,231
Network Services		189,241		270,972		326,524
Hardware and Others		866,644		815,106		795,867
Total		1,581,568		1,848,298		2,224,622
Music
Recorded Music		388,948		446,960		426,926
Music Publishing		66,541		74,360		106,666
Visual Media and Platform		175,278		263,472		261,433
Total		630,767		784,792		795,025
Pictures
Motion Pictures		409,363		448,945		436,017
Television Productions		271,886		289,024		288,816
Media Networks		219,981		272,204		260,437
Total		901,230		1,010,173		985,270
Home Entertainment & Sound
Televisions		720,557		861,763		788,423
Audio and Video		311,771		357,194		362,580
Other		1,887		2,777		3,530
Total		1,034,215		1,221,734		1,154,533
Imaging Products & Solutions
Still and Video Cameras		351,834		415,318		421,506
Other		219,665		231,845		239,798
Total		571,499		647,163		661,304
Mobile Communications		752,688		713,916		487,330
Semiconductors		659,779		726,892		770,622
Financial Services		1,080,284		1,221,235		1,274,708
All Other		375,116		351,527		299,806
Corporate		16,104		18,252		12,467
Consolidated total		7,603,250		8,543,982		8,665,687

Sony has realigned its product category configuration in the G&NS segment for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. In connection with the realignment, all prior period sales amounts by product category in the table above have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

In the G&NS segment, Digital Software and Add-on Content includes distribution of software titles and add-on contents through network by Sony Interactive Entertainment; Network Services includes network services relating to game, video and music content; Hardware and Others includes home and portable game consoles, packaged software and peripheral devices. In the Music segment, Recorded Music includes the distribution of physical and digital recorded music and revenue derived from artists’ live performances; Music Publishing includes the management and licensing of the words and music of songs; Visual Media and Platform includes the production and distribution of animation titles, including game applications based on the animation titles, and various service offerings for music and visual products. In the Pictures segment, Motion Pictures includes the worldwide production, acquisition and distribution of motion pictures and direct-to-video content; Television Productions includes the production, acquisition and distribution of television programming; Media Networks includes the operation of television and digital networks worldwide. In the HE&S segment, Televisions includes LCD and OLED televisions; Audio and Video includes Blu-ray disc players and recorders, home audio,

F-83

SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

headphones and memory-based portable audio devices. In the IP&S segment, Still and Video Cameras includes interchangeable lens cameras, compact digital cameras, consumer video cameras and video cameras for broadcast; Other includes display products such as projectors and medical equipment.

Geographic Information:

Sales and operating revenue attributed to countries and areas based on location of external customers for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 and property, plant and equipment, net as of March 31, 2018 and 2019 are as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017		2018		2019
Sales and operating revenue:
Japan		2,392,790		2,625,619		2,591,784
United States		1,673,768		1,835,705		1,982,135
Europe		1,634,683		1,841,457		1,862,166
China		557,995		674,718		770,416
Asia-Pacific		866,712		1,024,179		912,193
Other Areas		477,302		542,304		546,993
Total		7,603,250		8,543,982		8,665,687

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018		2019
Property, plant and equipment, net:
Japan		563,593		590,694
United States		97,979		113,581
Europe		23,302		22,622
China		11,232		11,694
Asia-Pacific		36,738		34,273
Other Areas		6,626		4,189
Total		739,470		777,053

Major countries and areas in each geographic segment excluding Japan, United States and China are as follows:

(1) Europe:	United Kingdom, France, Germany, Russia, Spain and Sweden
(2) Asia-Pacific:	India, South Korea, Oceania, Thailand and Malaysia
(3) Other Areas:	The Middle East/Africa, Brazil, Mexico and Canada

There are no individually material countries with respect to sales and operating revenue or property, plant and equipment, net included in Europe, Asia-Pacific and Other Areas.

Transfers between reportable business segments or geographic areas are made at individually negotiated prices that are intended to reflect a market-based transfer price.

There were no sales and operating revenue with any single major external customer for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019.

F-84

30. Subsequent events

(1) Setting of parameters for repurchase of shares of its own common stock

Sony Corporation approved the setting of the following parameters for repurchase of its own common stock pursuant to the Companies Act at the meeting of its Board of Directors held on May 16, 2019:

(i) Total number of shares for repurchase: 60 million shares (maximum)

(ii) Total purchase price for repurchase of shares: 200 billion yen (maximum)

(iii) Period of repurchase: May 17, 2019 to March 31, 2020

(2) Acquisition of equity interests in joint ventures in the life insurance business

On May 17, 2019, Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. (“Sony Life”), Sony’s consolidated subsidiary, entered into a legally binding memorandum of understanding with AEGON International B.V. (“AEGON”) regarding the sale of the 50% equity interests held by AEGON in AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co. Ltd. and SA Reinsurance Ltd. (collectively, the “JVs”) to Sony Life. The purchase price for the sale is 16 billion yen, subject to certain closing adjustments being made, if applicable. The closing of the transaction is subject to certain closing conditions, including regulatory approvals. As of the closing of the transaction, Sony Life will own 100% of the equity interests in the JVs and the JVs will become consolidated subsidiaries of Sony.

F-85

SCHEDULE II

VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

	Yen in millions
	Balance at beginning of period		Beginning adjustment (Note 3)			Additions charged to costs and expenses		Deductions (Note 1)			Other (Note 2)			Balance at end of period
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2017:
Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns		72,783		—			33,667		(50,858	)		(2,442	)		53,150
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018:
Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns		53,150		—			45,515		(51,302	)		1,300			48,663
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019:
Allowance for doubtful accounts		48,663		(25,114	)		7,112		(5,532	)		311			25,440

Notes:

1. Reversal including amounts written off.

2. Translation adjustments.

3. Sony adopted ASU 2014-09 from April 1, 2018, and as a result, sales returns are presented as a liability instead of as a contra-asset allowance. Accordingly, Sony changed the presentation from “Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns” to “Allowance for doubtful accounts” for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

	Yen in millions
	Balance at beginning of period		Additions		Deductions			Other (Note 1)			Balance at end of period
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2017:
Valuation allowance — Deferred tax assets		1,055,858		149,697		(154,210	)		619			1,051,964
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018:
Valuation allowance — Deferred tax assets		1,051,964		70,797		(123,597	)		(99,329	)		899,835
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019:
Valuation allowance — Deferred tax assets		899,835		116,938		(309,226	)		15,567			723,114

Note:

1. Translation adjustments and the effect of change in statutory tax rate.

F-86

EX-12.1

Exhibit 12.1

Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Kenichiro Yoshida, President and Chief Executive Officer, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Sony Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.

	/s/ KENICHIRO YOSHIDA
Date: June 18, 2019	Kenichiro Yoshida President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-12.2

Exhibit 12.2

Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Hiroki Totoki, Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Sony Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.

	/s/ HIROKI TOTOKI
Date: June 18, 2019	Hiroki Totoki Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-13.1

Exhibit 13.1

Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code), each of the undersigned officers of Sony Corporation (the “Company”), does hereby certify, to such officer’s knowledge, that:

The Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 (the “Form 20-F”) of the Company fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and information contained in the Form 20-F fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ KENICHIRO YOSHIDA

Kenichiro Yoshida

President and Chief Executive Officer

/s/ HIROKI TOTOKI

Hiroki Totoki

Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Date: June 18, 2019

EX-15.1

Exhibit 15.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-163616, 333-170714, 333-178115, 333-185261, 333-192436, 333-200414, 333-208113, 333-214758, 333-219266, 333-221693, 333-223219, 333-226338 and 333-228421) of Sony Corporation of our report dated May 22, 2019, relating to the financial statements and financial statement schedule and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 20-F.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers Aarata LLC

Tokyo, Japan

June 18, 2019

XML

Document and Entity Information	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019 shares
Document and Entity Information [Abstract]
Document Type	20-F
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2019
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Trading Symbol	SNE
Entity Registrant Name	SONY CORP
Entity Central Index Key	0000313838
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--03-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	1,250,746,867
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	¥ 1,470,073	¥ 1,586,329
Marketable securities	1,324,538	1,176,601
Notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets	1,091,242	1,061,442
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(25,440)	(48,663)	[1]
Inventories	653,278	692,937
Other receivables	223,620	190,706
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	509,301	516,744
Total current assets	5,246,612	5,176,096
Film costs	409,005	327,645
Investments and advances:
Affiliated companies	163,365	157,389
Securities investments and other	11,561,286	10,598,669
Long-term Investments, Total	11,724,651	10,756,058
Property, plant and equipment:
Land	83,992	84,358
Buildings	664,157	655,434
Machinery and equipment	1,585,382	1,798,722
Construction in progress	39,208	38,295
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross, Total	2,372,739	2,576,809
Less - Accumulated depreciation	1,595,686	1,837,339
Property, plant and equipment, net	777,053	739,470
Other assets:
Intangibles, net	917,966	527,168
Goodwill	768,552	530,492
Deferred insurance acquisition costs	595,265	586,670
Deferred income taxes	202,486	96,772
Other	339,996	325,167
Other noncurrent assets	2,824,265	2,066,269
Total assets	20,981,586	19,065,538
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings	618,618	496,093
Current portion of long-term debt	172,461	225,522
Notes and accounts payable, trade	492,124	468,550
Accounts payable, other and accrued expenses	1,693,048	1,514,433
Accrued income and other taxes	135,226	145,905
Deposits from customers in the banking business	2,302,314	2,159,246
Other	666,024	610,792	[1]
Total current liabilities	6,079,815	5,620,541
Long-term debt	568,372	623,451
Accrued pension and severance costs	384,232	394,504
Deferred income taxes	531,421	449,863
Future insurance policy benefits and other	5,642,671	5,221,772
Policyholders' account in the life insurance business	3,048,202	2,820,702
Other	281,382	278,338
Total liabilities	16,536,095	15,409,171
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	8,801	9,210
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Sony Corporation's stockholders' equity:
Common stock, no par value - 2018 - Shares authorized: 3,600,000,000; shares issued: 1,266,552,149 2019 - Shares authorized: 3,600,000,000; shares issued: 1,271,230,341	874,291	865,678
Additional paid-in capital	1,266,874	1,282,577
Retained earnings	2,320,586	1,440,387
Accumulated other comprehensive income -
Unrealized gains on securities, net	135,035	126,191
Unrealized losses on derivative instruments, net	(19)	(1,242)
Pension liability adjustment	(310,457)	(296,444)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(435,229)	(445,251)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Total	(610,670)	(616,746)
Treasury stock, at cost Common stock 2018 - 1,127,101 shares 2019 - 20,483,474 shares	(104,704)	(4,530)
Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent, Total	3,746,377	2,967,366
Non controlling interests	690,313	679,791
Total equity	4,436,690	3,647,157
Total liabilities and equity	¥ 20,981,586	¥ 19,065,538

[1] Under ASU 2014-09, Sony presents sales returns as a liability instead of as a contra-asset allowance. Accordingly, Sony changed the presentation from "Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns" to "Allowance for doubtful accounts" on the consolidated balance sheet.

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - ¥ / shares	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, par value
Common stock, shares authorized	3,600,000,000	3,600,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	1,271,230,341	1,266,552,149
Treasury stock, common stock shares	20,483,474	1,127,101

XML

Consolidated Statements of Income - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Sales and operating revenue:
Revenue	¥ 8,665,687	¥ 8,543,982	¥ 7,603,250
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales	5,150,750	5,188,259	4,753,010
Selling, general and administrative	1,576,825	1,583,197	1,505,956
Financial services expenses	1,112,446	1,042,163	910,144
Other operating (income) expense, net	(71,568)	4,072	149,001
Costs and Expenses, Total	7,768,453	7,817,691	7,318,111
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies	(2,999)	8,569	3,563
Operating income	894,235	734,860	288,702
Other income:
Interest and dividends	21,618	19,784	11,459
Gain on sale of securities investments, net		1,517	225
Gain on equity securities, net	118,677
Other	4,440	2,427	2,734
Other income, Total	144,735	23,728	14,418
Other expenses:
Interest	12,467	13,566	14,544
Loss on devaluation of securities investments		4,955	7,629
Foreign exchange loss, net	11,279	30,634	22,181
Other	3,576	10,384	7,147
Other expenses, Total	27,322	59,539	51,501
Income before income taxes	1,011,648	699,049	251,619
Income taxes:
Current	166,748	127,685	100,260
Deferred	(121,650)	24,085	23,798
Income tax expense, Total	45,098	151,770	124,058
Net income	966,550	547,279	127,561
Less - Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	50,279	56,485	54,272
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders	¥ 916,271	¥ 490,794	¥ 73,289
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders
- Basic	¥ 723.41	¥ 388.32	¥ 58.07
- Diluted	¥ 707.74	¥ 379.75	¥ 56.89
Product and Service
Sales and operating revenue:
Revenue	¥ 7,306,235	¥ 7,231,613	¥ 6,443,328
Financial services revenue
Sales and operating revenue:
Revenue	1,274,708	1,221,235	1,080,284
Other Operating Revenue
Sales and operating revenue:
Revenue	¥ 84,744	¥ 91,134	¥ 79,638

XML

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	¥ 966,550	¥ 547,279	¥ 127,561
Other comprehensive income, net of tax -
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities	33,285	1,070	(30,293)
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments	1,223	(1,184)	1,140
Pension liability adjustment	(13,960)	12,390	63,232
Foreign currency translation adjustments	8,444	(6,335)	(17,988)
Total comprehensive income	995,542	553,220	143,652
Less - Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	57,669	60,403	35,814
Comprehensive income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders	¥ 937,873	¥ 492,817	¥ 107,838

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	¥ 966,550	¥ 547,279	¥ 127,561
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities -
Depreciation and amortization, including amortization of deferred insurance acquisition costs and contract costs	374,026	361,444	327,048
Amortization of film costs	348,493	359,274	297,505
Accrual for pension and severance costs, less payments	(33,631)	4,113	9,297
Other operating (income) expense, net	(71,568)	4,072	149,001
(Gain) loss on securities investments, net (other than financial services business)	(118,630)	3,438	7,404
Gain on marketable securities and securities investments held in the financial services business, net	(66,383)	(47,119)	(55,742)
Deferred income taxes	(121,650)	24,085	23,798
Equity in net (income) loss of affiliated companies, net of dividends	7,947	(2,956)	4,409
Changes in assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets	1,144	(80,004)	(37,529)
(Increase) decrease in inventories	30,455	(51,508)	11,199
Increase in film costs	(410,994)	(362,496)	(331,179)
Increase (decrease) in notes and accounts payable, trade	18,534	(87,939)	(1,386)
Increase (decrease) in accrued income and other taxes	(20,039)	29,181	26,701
Increase in future insurance policy benefits and other	544,179	495,419	433,803
Increase in deferred insurance acquisition costs	(88,807)	(86,779)	(93,234)
Increase in marketable securities held in the life insurance business	(64,034)	(89,797)	(81,456)
(Increase) decrease in other current assets	16,576	3,776	(21,402)
Increase in other current liabilities	56,723	151,805	79,114
Other	(110,153)	78,683	(67,382)
Net cash provided by operating activities	1,258,738	1,253,971	807,530
Cash flows from investing activities:
Payments for purchases of fixed assets	(312,644)	(262,989)	(333,509)
Proceeds from sales of fixed assets	17,585	60,599	13,098
Payment for EMI Music Publishing acquisition, net of cash acquired	(244,197)
Proceeds from sales of businesses		44,624	3,262
Proceeds related to sales of Spotify Technology S.A. Shares	82,467
Other	(30,821)	(12,046)	6,646
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,307,445)	(823,068)	(1,255,022)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	94,351	125,092	254,695
Payments of long-term debt	(382,671)	(44,561)	(261,299)
Increase in short-term borrowings, net	123,979	35,145	317,827
Increase in deposits from customers in the financial services business, net	246,945	169,479	277,152
Dividends paid	(38,067)	(28,490)	(25,301)
Payments for purchase of treasury stock	(100,177)	(198)	(114)
Other	(35,203)	(10,011)	(34,093)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(122,884)	246,456	452,302
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, including restricted	52,465	(53,044)	(31,061)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, including restricted	(119,126)	624,315	(26,251)
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted, at beginning of the fiscal year	1,592,939	968,624	994,875
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted, at end of the fiscal year	1,473,813	1,592,939	968,624
Less - Restricted cash and cash equivalents, included in other current assets and other assets	3,740	6,610	8,482
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the fiscal year	1,470,073	1,586,329	960,142
Cash paid during the fiscal year for -
Income taxes	210,499	101,092	106,054
Interest	10,882	12,169	13,877
Non-cash investing and financing activities -
Obtaining assets by entering into capital leases	32,541	21,762	8,457
Financial Services Business
Cash flows from investing activities:
Payments for investments and advances	(1,078,250)	(963,210)	(1,233,290)
Proceeds from sales or return of investments and collections of advances	309,498	317,159	289,901
Other than financial service business
Cash flows from investing activities:
Payments for investments and advances	(53,525)	(13,801)	(17,208)
Proceeds from sales or return of investments and collections of advances	2,442	¥ 6,596	16,078
Nile Acquisition LLC
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payment for purchase of shares from noncontrolling interests	¥ (32,041)
Sony/ATV
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payment for purchase of shares from noncontrolling interests			¥ (76,565)

XML

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Total	Common stock	Additional paid-in capital	Retained earnings	Accumulated other comprehensive income	Treasury stock, at cost	Sony Corporation's stockholders' equity	Noncontrolling interests
Beginning Balance at Mar. 31, 2016	¥ 3,124,410	¥ 858,867	¥ 1,325,719	¥ 936,331	¥ (653,318)	¥ (4,259)	¥ 2,463,340	¥ 661,070
Exercise of stock acquisition rights	3,556	1,778	1,778				3,556
Stock-based compensation	1,601		1,601				1,601
Comprehensive income:
Net income	127,561			73,289			73,289	54,272
Other comprehensive income, net of tax -
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities	(30,293)				(14,101)		(14,101)	(16,192)
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments	1,140				1,140		1,140
Pension liability adjustment	63,232				63,003		63,003	229
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(17,988)				(15,493)		(15,493)	(2,495)
Total comprehensive income	143,652						107,838	35,814
Stock issue costs, net of tax	(30)		(30)				(30)
Dividends declared	(42,320)			(25,252)			(25,252)	(17,068)
Purchase of treasury stock	(114)					(114)	(114)
Reissuance of treasury stock	28		(10)			38	28
Transactions with noncontrolling interests shareholders and other	(95,361)		(53,721)				(53,721)	(41,640)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2017	3,135,422	860,645	1,275,337	984,368	(618,769)	(4,335)	2,497,246	638,176
Issuance of new shares	976	488	488				976
Exercise of stock acquisition rights	9,065	4,533	4,532				9,065
Conversion of convertible bonds	24	12	12				24
Stock-based compensation	3,160		3,160				3,160
Comprehensive income:
Net income	547,279			490,794			490,794	56,485
Other comprehensive income, net of tax -
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities	1,070				(444)		(444)	1,514
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments	(1,184)				(1,184)		(1,184)
Pension liability adjustment	12,390				12,292		12,292	98
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(6,335)				(8,641)		(8,641)	2,306
Total comprehensive income	553,220						492,817	60,403
Stock issue costs, net of tax	(879)		(879)				(879)
Dividends declared	(49,136)			(34,775)			(34,775)	(14,361)
Purchase of treasury stock	(199)					(199)	(199)
Reissuance of treasury stock	4		0			4	4
Transactions with noncontrolling interests shareholders and other	(4,500)		(73)				(73)	(4,427)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2018	3,647,157	865,678	1,282,577	1,440,387	(616,746)	(4,530)	2,967,366	679,791
Cumulative effect of newly adopted ASUs	(2,118)			7,976	(15,526)		(7,550)	5,432
Issuance of new shares	862	431	431				862
Exercise of stock acquisition rights	16,348	8,174	8,174				16,348
Conversion of convertible bonds	16	8	8				16
Stock-based compensation	1,159		1,159				1,159
Comprehensive income:
Net income	966,550			916,271			916,271	50,279
Other comprehensive income, net of tax -
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities	33,285				24,370		24,370	8,915
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments	1,223				1,223		1,223
Pension liability adjustment	(13,960)				(14,013)		(14,013)	53
Foreign currency translation adjustments	8,444				10,022		10,022	(1,578)
Total comprehensive income	995,542						937,873	57,669
Stock issue costs, net of tax	(147)		(147)				(147)
Dividends declared	(73,009)			(44,048)			(44,048)	(28,961)
Purchase of treasury stock	(100,177)					(100,177)	(100,177)
Reissuance of treasury stock	4		1			3	4
Transactions with noncontrolling interests shareholders and other	(48,947)		(25,329)				(25,329)	(23,618)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2019	¥ 4,436,690	¥ 874,291	¥ 1,266,874	¥ 2,320,586	¥ (610,670)	¥ (104,704)	¥ 3,746,377	¥ 690,313

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Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical) - ¥ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Dividends declared, per share	¥ 35	¥ 27.50	¥ 20

XML

Nature of operations

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Nature of operations

1. Nature of operations

Sony Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries (hereinafter collectively referred to as “Sony”) are engaged in the development, design, production, manufacture, offer and sale of various kinds of electronic equipment, instruments and devices for consumer, professional and industrial markets such as network services, game hardware and software, televisions, audio and video recorders and players, still and video cameras, mobile phones, and semiconductors. Sony’s primary manufacturing facilities are located in Asia including Japan. Sony also utilizes third-party contract manufacturers for certain products. Sony’s products and services are marketed throughout the world by sales subsidiaries and unaffiliated distributors as well as direct sales and offers via the internet. Sony is engaged in the development, production, manufacture, and distribution of recorded music and the management and licensing of the words and music of songs as well as production and distribution of animation titles, including game applications based on the animation titles. Sony is also engaged in the production, acquisition and distribution of motion pictures and television programming and the operation of television and digital networks. Further, Sony is also engaged in various financial services businesses, including life and non-life insurance operations through its Japanese insurance subsidiaries and banking operations through a Japanese internet-based banking subsidiary.

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Summary of significant accounting policies

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of significant accounting policies

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Certain adjustments and reclassifications have been incorporated in the accompanying consolidated financial statements to conform with U.S. GAAP. These adjustments were not recorded in the statutory books and records as Sony Corporation and its subsidiaries in Japan maintain their records and prepare their statutory financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Japan, while its foreign subsidiaries maintain their records and prepare their financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the countries of their domicile.

(1) Significant accounting policies

Basis of consolidation and accounting for investments in affiliated companies -

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Sony Corporation and its majority-owned subsidiary companies, general partnerships and other entities in which Sony has a controlling interest, and variable interest entities for which Sony is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany transactions and accounts are eliminated. Investments in business entities in which Sony does not have control, but has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies, generally through 20-50% ownership, are accounted for under the equity method. In addition, investments in general partnerships in which Sony does not have a controlling interest and limited partnerships are also accounted for under the equity method if more than minor influence over the operation of the investee exists (generally through more than 3-5% ownership). When the interest in the partnership is so minor that Sony has no significant influence over the operation of the investee, the interest in the partnership is carried at fair value. Under the equity method, investments are stated at cost plus/minus Sony’s portion of equity in undistributed earnings or losses. Sony’s equity in current earnings or losses of such entities is reported net of income taxes and is included in operating income (loss) after the elimination of unrealized intercompany profits. If the value of an investment has declined and is judged to be other-than-temporary, the investment is written down to its estimated fair value.

On occasion, a consolidated subsidiary or an affiliated company accounted for by the equity method may issue its shares to third parties in either a public or private offering or upon conversion of convertible debt to common stock at amounts per share in excess of or less than Sony’s average per share carrying value. With respect to such transactions, the resulting gains or losses arising from the change in ownership interest are recorded in earnings within the fiscal year in which the change in interest transactions occurs.

Gains or losses that result from a loss of a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary are recorded in earnings along with fair value remeasurement gains or losses on any retained investment in the entity, while a change in interest of a consolidated subsidiary that does not result in a change in control is accounted for as a capital transaction and no gains or losses are recorded in earnings.

The excess of the cost over the underlying net equity of investments in consolidated subsidiaries and affiliated companies accounted for on an equity basis is allocated to identifiable tangible and intangible assets and liabilities based on fair values at the date of acquisition. The unassigned residual value of the excess of the cost over Sony’s underlying net equity is recognized as goodwill as a component of the investment balance.

Use of estimates -

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates include those used in determining the valuation of investment securities, valuation of inventories, fair values of long-lived assets, fair values of goodwill and other intangible assets, fair values of assets and liabilities assumed in business combinations, product warranty liability, pension and severance plans, valuation of deferred tax assets, uncertain tax positions, film costs, and insurance related liabilities. Actual results could significantly differ from those estimates.

Translation of foreign currencies -

All asset and liability accounts of foreign subsidiaries and affiliates are translated into Japanese yen at appropriate fiscal year end exchange rates and all income and expense accounts are translated at exchange rates that approximate those rates prevailing at the time of the transactions. The resulting translation adjustments are accumulated as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Upon remeasurement of a previously held equity interest in accordance with the accounting guidance for business combinations achieved in stages, accumulated translation adjustments, if any, are included in earnings.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at appropriate fiscal year end exchange rates and the resulting translation gains or losses are recognized into income.

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash -

Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments, with original maturities of three months or less, that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and are so near maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Sony includes restricted cash within cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows.

Marketable debt and equity securities -

Debt securities designated as available-for-sale are carried at fair value with unrealized gains or losses included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. Equity securities, and debt securities classified as trading securities, are carried at fair value with unrealized gains or losses included in income. Debt securities that are expected to be held-to-maturity are carried at amortized cost. Individual securities classified as either available-for-sale or held-to-maturity are reduced to fair value by a charge to income when an other-than-temporary impairment is recognized. Realized gains and losses are determined on the average cost method and are reflected in income.

Sony regularly evaluates its investment portfolio to identify other-than-temporary impairments of individual debt securities. Factors that are considered by Sony in determining whether an other-than-temporary decline in value has occurred include: the length of time and extent to which the market value of the security has been less than its original cost, the financial condition, operating results, business plans and estimated future cash flows of the issuer of the security, other specific factors affecting the market value, deterioration of the credit condition of the issuer, sovereign risk, and whether or not Sony is able to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for the anticipated recovery in market value.

In evaluating the factors for debt securities designated as available-for-sale , Sony presumes a decline in value to be other-than-temporary if the fair value of the security is 20 percent or more below its original cost for an extended period of time (generally for a period of up to six months). This criterion is employed as a threshold to identify securities which may have a decline in value that is other-than-temporary. The presumption of an other-than-temporary impairment in such cases may be overcome if there is evidence to support that the decline is temporary in nature due to the existence of other factors which overcome the duration or magnitude of the decline. On the other hand, there may be cases where impairment losses are recognized when the decline in the fair value of the security is not more than 20 percent or such decline has not existed for an extended period of time, as a result of considering specific factors which may indicate that the decline in the fair value is other-than-temporary.

When an other-than-temporary impairment of a held-to-maturity debt security has occurred, the amount of the other-than-temporary impairment recognized in income depends on whether Sony intends to sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost. If the debt security meets either of these two criteria, the other-than-temporary impairment is recognized in income, measured as the entire difference between the security’s amortized cost and its fair value at the impairment measurement date. For other-than-temporary impairment of the debt security that does not meet these two criteria, the net amount recognized in income is a credit loss, which equals the difference between the amortized cost of the debt security and its net present value calculated by discounting Sony’s best estimate of projected future cash flows at the effective interest rate implicit in the debt security prior to impairment. Any difference between the fair value and the net present value of the debt security at the impairment measurement date is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. Unrealized gains or losses on securities for which an other-than-temporary impairment has been recognized in income are presented as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income.

Equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values -

Equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values are measured at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment in the same issuer. If the value of equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values is estimated to have declined and such decline is judged to be other-than-temporary, Sony recognizes the impairment of the investment and the carrying value is reduced to its fair value. Determination of impairment is based on the consideration of several factors, including operating results, business plans and estimated future cash flows. Fair value is determined through the use of various methodologies such as discounted cash flows, valuation of recent financings and comparable valuations of similar companies.

Allowance for doubtful accounts -

Sony maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts to reserve for potentially uncollectible receivables. Sony reviews accounts receivable by amounts due from customers which are past due to identify specific customers with known disputes or collectability issues. In determining the amount of the reserve, Sony makes judgments about the creditworthiness of customers based on past collection experience and ongoing credit risk evaluations.

Inventories -

Inventories in the Game & Network Services (“G&NS”), Music, Home Entertainment & Sound (“HE&S”), Imaging Products & Solutions (“IP&S”), Mobile Communications (“MC”) and Semiconductors segments as well as non-film inventories for the Pictures segment are valued at cost, not in excess of the net realizable value – i.e., estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion and disposal, cost being determined on the “average cost” basis, except for the cost of finished products carried by certain subsidiary companies which is determined on the “first-in, first-out” basis.

Other receivables -

Other receivables include receivables which relate to arrangements with certain component manufacturers whereby Sony procures goods, including product components, for these component manufacturers and is reimbursed for the related purchases. No revenue or profit is recognized on these transfers. Sony will repurchase the inventory at a later date from the component manufacturers as either finished goods inventory or as partially assembled product.

Film costs -

Film costs include direct production costs, production overhead and acquisition costs for both motion picture and television productions and are stated at the lower of unamortized cost or estimated fair value and classified as noncurrent assets. Film costs are amortized, and the estimated liabilities for residuals and participations are accrued using an individual-film-forecast method based on the ratio of current period actual revenues to the estimated remaining total revenues. Film costs also include broadcasting rights, which are recognized when the license period begins and the program is available for use, and consist of acquired programming to be aired on Sony’s worldwide channel network. Broadcasting rights are stated at the lower of unamortized cost or net realizable value, classified as either current or noncurrent assets based on timing of expected use. Broadcasting rights are amortized based on estimated usage or on a straight-line basis over the useful life, as appropriate, although broadcasting rights licensed under multi-year live-event sports programming agreements are generally amortized based on the ratio of the current period’s actual advertising revenue and an allocation of subscription fee revenue to the estimated total remaining attributable revenues. Estimates used in calculating the fair value of film costs and the net realizable value of broadcasting rights are based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions and are reviewed on a periodic basis.

Property, plant and equipment and depreciation -

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method. Useful lives for depreciation range from two to 50 years for buildings and from two to 10 years for machinery and equipment. Significant renewals and additions are capitalized at cost. Maintenance and repairs, and minor renewals and betterments are charged to income as incurred.

Goodwill and other intangible assets -

Goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are tested annually for impairment during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below its carrying amount. Such an event or change in circumstances would include unfavorable variances from established business plans, significant changes in forecasted results or volatility inherent to external markets and industries, which are periodically reviewed by Sony’s management.

In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony elected not to perform an optional qualitative assessment of goodwill and instead proceeded directly to a quantitative impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. Reporting units are Sony’s operating segments or one level below the operating segments. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not considered impaired. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. Indefinite lived intangible assets are tested for impairment by comparing the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying value, and if the carrying value of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

The fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite lived intangible asset is generally determined using a discounted cash flow analysis. This approach uses significant estimates and assumptions, including projected future cash flows, the timing of such cash flows, discount rates reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, perpetual growth rates, earnings multiples, the determination of appropriate comparable entities and the determination of whether a premium or discount should be applied to comparables. Consideration is also given to Sony’s market capitalization in relation to the sum of the calculated fair values of the reporting units, including reporting units with no goodwill, and taking into account corporate level assets and liabilities not assigned to individual reporting units as well as a reasonable control premium.

The assumptions used for projected future cash flows and the timing of such cash flows are based on the forecast and mid-range plan (“MRP”) of each reporting unit and take into account such factors as historical experience, market and industry information, and current and forecasted economic conditions. Perpetual growth rates are utilized to determine a terminal cash flow value and are generally set after the three-year forecasted period for the MRP. Certain reporting units, such as those in the Pictures segment, utilize longer forecast periods and base the terminal value on an exit price using an earnings multiple applied to the final year of the forecasted earnings, which also takes into consideration a control premium. Discount rates are derived from the weighted average cost of capital of market participants in similar businesses.

When a business within a reporting unit is disposed of, goodwill is allocated to the disposed business using the relative fair value method.

Intangible assets with finite useful lives mainly consist of patent rights, know-how, license agreements, customer relationships, trademarks, software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed, internal-use software, music catalogs, artist contracts, and television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements). Patent rights, know-how, license agreements, trademarks, software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed, and internal-use software are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over three to 10 years. Customer relationships, music catalogs, artist contracts and television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements) are amortized on a straight-line basis, generally, over 10 to 44 years.

Capitalized software -

The costs related to establishing the technological feasibility of software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed are expensed as incurred as a part of research and development in cost of sales. Costs that are incurred to produce the finished product after technological feasibility is established are capitalized and amortized to cost of sales over the estimated economic life, which is generally three years. The technological feasibility of game software is established when the product master is completed. Consideration to capitalize game software development costs before this point is limited to the development costs of games for which technological feasibility can be proven at an earlier stage. At each balance sheet date, Sony performs reviews to ensure that unamortized capitalized software costs remain recoverable from future profits of the related software products.

The costs incurred for internal-use software during the application development stage are capitalized and amortized, mainly to selling, general and administrative expenses, on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life. Costs related to the preliminary project stage and post implementation activities are expensed as incurred.

Deferred insurance acquisition costs -

Costs that vary with and are directly related to acquiring new insurance policies are deferred as long as they are recoverable. The deferred insurance acquisition costs include such items as commissions, medical examination costs and inspection report fees, and are subject to recoverability testing at least annually to ensure that the capitalized amounts do not exceed the present value of anticipated gross profits or premiums less benefits and maintenance expenses, as applicable. The deferred insurance acquisition costs for traditional life insurance contracts are amortized over the premium-paying period of the related insurance policies using assumptions consistent with those used in computing policy reserves. The deferred insurance acquisition costs for non-traditional life insurance contracts are amortized over the expected life in proportion to the estimated gross profits.

Product warranty -

Sony provides for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. The product warranty is calculated based upon product sales, estimated probability of failure and estimated cost per claim. The variables used in the calculation of the provision are reviewed on a periodic basis.

Future insurance policy benefits -

Liabilities for future insurance policy benefits are primarily comprised of the present value of estimated future payments to policyholders. These liabilities are computed by the net level premium method based upon the assumptions as to future investment yield, morbidity, mortality, withdrawals and other factors. These assumptions are reviewed on a periodic basis. Liabilities for future insurance policy benefits also include liabilities for guaranteed benefits related to certain non-traditional life and annuity contracts.

Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business -

Liabilities for policyholders’ account in the life insurance business represent the contract value that has accrued to the benefit of the policyholders as of the balance sheet date. This liability is generally equal to the accumulated account deposits, plus interest credited, less policyholder withdrawals and other charges assessed against the account balances.

Impairment of long-lived assets -

Sony reviews the recoverability of the carrying value of its long-lived assets held and used, other than goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives, and assets to be disposed of, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the individual carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets to be held and used are reviewed for impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset or asset group with their estimated undiscounted future cash flows. If the cash flows are determined to be less than the carrying value of the asset or asset group, an impairment loss would be recognized during the period for the amount by which the carrying value of the asset or asset group exceeds estimated fair value. Long-lived assets that are to be disposed of other than by sale are considered held and used until they are disposed of. Long-lived assets that are to be disposed of by sale are reported at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less cost to sell and are not depreciated. Fair value is determined using the present value of estimated net cash flows or comparable market values. This approach uses significant estimates and assumptions including projected future cash flows, the timing of such cash flows, discount rates reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, perpetual growth rates applied to determine terminal values, determination of appropriate market comparables and the determination of whether a premium or discount should be applied to comparables.

Fair value measurement -

Sony measures fair value as an exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. Sony has elected the fair value option in the banking business for certain foreign securities. The election was made to mitigate accounting mismatches related to fluctuations of foreign exchange rates by allowing the gains and losses on the translation of these securities to be included in current earnings.

The accounting guidance for fair value measurements specifies a hierarchy of inputs to valuation techniques based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect Sony’s assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Observable market data is used if such data is available without undue cost and effort. Each fair value measurement is reported in one of three levels which is determined by the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

These levels are:

Level 1	—	Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.
Level 2	—	Inputs are based on observable inputs other than level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations, in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets.
Level 3	—	One or more significant inputs are unobservable.

When available, Sony uses unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets to measure fair value and classifies such items within level 1. If quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed valuation techniques that use, where possible, current market-based or independently sourced market parameters, such as interest rates, currency rates and option volatilities. Items valued using internally generated models are classified according to the lowest level input that is significant to the valuation. For certain financial assets and liabilities, Sony determines fair value using third-party information such as indicative quotes from dealers and quantitative input from investment advisors following Sony’s established valuation procedures including validation against internally developed prices. Additionally, Sony considers both counterparty credit risk and Sony’s own creditworthiness in determining fair value. Sony attempts to mitigate credit risk to third parties by entering into netting agreements and actively monitoring the creditworthiness of counterparties and its exposure to credit risk through the use of credit limits and by selecting major international banks and financial institutions as counterparties.

Transfers between levels are deemed to have occurred at the beginning of the interim period in which the transfers occur.

Derivative financial instruments -

All derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value on a gross basis. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments are either recognized periodically in income or stockholders’ equity (as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income), depending on whether the derivative financial instrument qualifies as a hedge and the derivative is being used to hedge changes in fair value or cash flows.

The accounting guidance for hybrid financial instruments permits an entity to elect fair value remeasurement for any hybrid financial instrument if the hybrid instrument contains an embedded derivative that would otherwise be required to be bifurcated and accounted for separately under accounting guidance for derivative instruments and hedging activities. The election to measure the hybrid instrument at fair value is made on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irreversible. Certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment had hybrid financial instruments, disclosed in Note 7 as debt securities, that contain embedded derivatives where the entire instrument was carried at fair value.

In accordance with accounting guidance for derivative instruments and hedging activities, various derivative financial instruments held by Sony are classified and accounted for as described below.

Fair value hedges

Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and effective as fair value hedges for recognized assets or liabilities or unrecognized firm commitments are recognized in earnings as offsets to changes in the fair value of the related hedged assets or liabilities.

Cash flow hedges

Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and effective as cash flow hedges for forecasted transactions or exposures associated with recognized assets or liabilities are initially recorded in other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. Changes in the fair value of the ineffective portion are recognized immediately in earnings.

Derivatives not designated as hedges

Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are not designated as hedges are recognized immediately in earnings.

Assessment of hedges

When applying hedge accounting, Sony formally documents all hedging relationships between the derivatives designated as hedges and the hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking various hedging activities. Sony links all hedges that are designated as fair value or cash flow hedges to specific assets or liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets or to the specific forecasted transactions. Sony also assesses, both at the inception of the hedge and on an on-going basis, whether the derivatives that are designated as hedges are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows of hedged items. When it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge, Sony discontinues hedge accounting. Hedge ineffectiveness, if any, is included immediately in earnings.

Stock-based compensation -

Sony accounts for stock-based compensation using the fair value based method, measured on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The expense is mainly included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Stock-based compensation is recognized, net of an estimated forfeiture rate, over the requisite service period using the accelerated method of amortization for grants with graded vesting. The estimated forfeiture rate is based on Sony’s historical experience in the stock acquisition rights plans where the majority of the vesting terms have been satisfied.

Revenue recognition -

Sony recognizes revenue in an amount that reflects the consideration Sony expects in exchange for satisfying performance obligations to transfer the goods or services promised in contracts with customers. This is in accordance with the following steps:

Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer.

Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract.

Step 3: Determine the transaction price.

Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract.

Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) Sony satisfies a performance obligation.

Sony owns a variety of intellectual property throughout segments and recognizes revenue through the licensing of such intellectual property. Sony has both functional and symbolic intellectual property. The licensing of functional intellectual property grants a customer a right to use Sony’s intellectual property as it exists at a point in time, and Sony satisfies its performance obligation at the point in time when the customer obtains control and is entitled to benefit from the license. The licensing of symbolic intellectual property grants a customer a right to access Sony’s intellectual property over time, and Sony satisfies its performance obligation over the license period as Sony maintains the intellectual property.

Incremental costs of obtaining a contract and costs to fulfill a contract are recognized as assets when Sony expects to recover these costs. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are those costs that would not have been incurred if the contract had not been obtained. Costs to fulfill a contract are those costs that are directly related to a contract or to an anticipated contract and that generate or enhance resources for Sony to satisfy its performance obligations. Sony applies a practical expedient and recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that would have been recognized is one year or less.

Revenues from sales in the HE&S, IP&S, MC and Semiconductors segments are recognized when (or as) performance obligations in contracts with customers are satisfied by transferring control over a promised good or service to a customer. If the sales contract contains a customer acceptance provision, then revenues are recognized after customer acceptance occurs or the acceptance provisions lapse. Revenues are recognized net of anticipated returns and sales incentives.

Within the G&NS segment, revenues from hardware, peripherals and software discs are recognized when performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control to the retailer/distributor, net of anticipated returns, sales incentives and cooperative advertising obligations. Revenues from platform licensing to publishers are recognized when physical software discs are delivered. Revenues from digital game content, which is licensed functional intellectual property, are recognized when the digital content is made available for use by the licensee via an online platform, net of anticipated sales incentives and credit card chargebacks. Revenues from digital game content involving multiple performance obligations, such as obligations to make content available on future dates, are allocated to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling prices that are observable in the market or Sony’s best estimate. Revenues from subscription fees for digital subscription services are recognized over the subscription period.

Within the Music segment, Sony licenses intellectual property that transfer to a customer either a right to use Sony’s intellectual property as it exists at the point in time in which the license is granted, or a right to access Sony’s intellectual property as it exists throughout the license period. Revenues are recognized when the customer has the right to use or access the intellectual property and obtains control of the use or access of that license. Digital revenues include revenues from contracts with digital streaming services typically recognized as a single performance obligation, which is ongoing access to intellectual property in an evolving library of content over the contract term, predicated on: (1) the business practice and contractual ability to remove specific content without a requirement to replace the content and without impact to minimum royalty guarantees and (2) the contracts not containing a specific listing of content subject to the license. For these contracts, revenues are recognized on the basis of sales and usage royalties, except where there is an amount of a minimum royalty guarantee that is not expected to be recouped, or a fixed fee, which is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. Revenues from the sale of physical product such as CDs, net of anticipated returns and sales incentives, are recognized when delivery has occurred and the product is available for sale to the public.

Within the Pictures segment, revenues from the theatrical exhibition of motion pictures are recognized as the customer exhibits the film. Revenues from the licensing of motion picture and television programming for pay and free television exhibition and other markets are recognized when the product is available for use by the licensee. Revenues for motion picture and television program licensing arrangements involving multiple performance obligations, for example a fee for multiple titles, territories or availability dates, are allocated based on the relative standalone selling price of each performance obligation using Sony’s best estimate based on available information such as market conditions and internal pricing guidelines. Each individual motion picture or television programming product delivered generally represents a separate performance obligation. Licensing revenue associated with certain renewals or extensions of existing agreements for motion pictures and television programming is recognized when the licensee can use and benefit from the content under the renewal or extension. Licensing revenue associated with minimum guarantees for symbolic intellectual property is recognized ratably over the license term. For home entertainment distribution, revenues from the sale of physical product such as DVDs and Blu-ray Disc^TM, net of anticipated returns and sales incentives, are recognized when delivery has occurred and the product is available for sale to the public. Revenues from electronic sell-through and video-on-demand are recognized when the product is made available for viewing via digital distribution platforms. Revenues from the sale of broadcast advertising are recognized when the advertisement is aired, and the performance obligation in these arrangements is the delivery of advertising spots and may include a guaranteed amount of impressions. When a guarantee for a number of impressions is not achieved, revenues are not recognized until additional advertising spots are delivered to provide the guaranteed impressions. Revenues from subscription fees received by television networks are recognized when the service is provided. The performance obligation under network subscription arrangements is a license of functional intellectual property that is satisfied as programming is provided over the term of the arrangement.

Traditional life insurance policies that the life insurance subsidiary underwrites, most of which are categorized as long-duration contracts, mainly consist of whole life, term life and accident and health insurance contracts. Premiums from these policies are reported as revenue when due from policyholders.

Amounts received as payment for non-traditional contracts such as interest sensitive whole life contracts, individual annuity contracts and other contracts without life contingencies are recognized in policyholders’ account in the life insurance business. Revenues from these contracts are comprised of fees earned for administrative and contract-holder services, which are recognized over the period of the contracts, and included in financial services revenue.

Property and casualty insurance policies that the non-life insurance subsidiary underwrites are primarily automotive insurance contracts which are categorized as short-duration contracts. Premiums from these policies are reported as revenue over the period of the contract in proportion to the amount of insurance protection provided.

Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers and subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

As of April 1, 2018, Sony adopted the new accounting standard related to the recognition of revenue in contracts with customers on a modified retrospective basis, and therefore comparative information has not been restated. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position. Refer to Note 2 (2) Recently adopted accounting pronouncements.

Cost of sales -

Costs classified as cost of sales relate to the producing and manufacturing of products and include items such as material cost, subcontractor cost, depreciation of fixed assets, amortization of intangible assets, personnel expenses, research and development costs, and amortization of film costs related to motion picture and television productions.

Research and development costs -

Research and development costs, included in cost of sales, include items such as salaries, personnel expenses and other direct and indirect expenses associated with research and product development. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Selling, general and administrative -

Costs classified as selling expenses relate to promoting and selling products and include items such as advertising, promotion, shipping and warranty expenses. General and administrative expenses include operating items such as officers’ salaries, personnel expenses, depreciation of fixed assets, office rental for sales, marketing and administrative divisions, a provision for doubtful accounts and amortization of intangible assets.

Financial services expenses -

Financial services expenses include a provision for policy reserves and amortization of deferred insurance acquisition costs, and all other operating costs, such as personnel expenses, depreciation of fixed assets, and office rental of subsidiaries, in the Financial Services segment.

Advertising costs -

Advertising costs are expensed when the advertisement or commercial appears in the selected media.

Shipping and handling costs -

The majority of shipping and handling, warehousing and internal transfer costs for finished goods are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. An exception to this is in the Pictures segment where such costs are charged to cost of sales as they are an integral part of producing and distributing motion pictures and television programming. All other costs related to Sony’s distribution network are included in cost of sales, including inbound freight charges, purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs and warehousing costs for raw materials and in-process inventory. Shipping and handling activities that occur after control of the related good transfers are treated as separate performance obligations. Amounts paid by customers for shipping and handling costs are included in net sales.

Income taxes -

The provision for income taxes is computed based on the pretax income included in the consolidated statements of income, and the tax liability attributed to undistributed earnings of subsidiaries and affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method expected to be remitted in the foreseeable future. The asset and liability approach is used to recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities.

Carrying amounts of deferred tax assets require a reduction by a valuation allowance if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. Accordingly, the need to establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets is assessed periodically with appropriate consideration given to all positive and negative evidence related to the realization of the deferred tax assets. Management’s judgments related to this assessment consider, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses on an individual tax jurisdiction basis, forecasts of future profitability after consideration of uncertain tax positions, excess of appreciated asset value over the tax basis of net assets, the duration of statutory carryforward periods, the past utilization of net operating loss carryforwards prior to expiration, as well as prudent and feasible tax planning strategies which would be employed by Sony to prevent net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards from expiring unutilized.

Sony records assets and liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Sony continues to recognize interest and penalties, if any, with respect to income taxes, including unrecognized tax benefits, as interest expense and as income tax expense, respectively, in the consolidated statements of income. The amount of income taxes Sony pays is subject to ongoing audits by various taxing authorities, which may result in proposed assessments. In addition, several significant items related to intercompany transfer pricing are currently the subject of negotiations between taxing authorities in different jurisdictions as a result of pending advance pricing agreement applications and competent authority requests. Sony’s estimate for the potential outcome for any uncertain tax issues is judgmental and requires significant estimates. Sony assesses its income tax positions and records tax benefits for all years subject to examinations based upon the evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at that reporting date. For those tax positions for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, Sony records the amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. If Sony does not believe that it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit is recognized. However, Sony’s future results may include favorable or unfavorable adjustments to Sony’s estimated tax liabilities due to closure of income tax examinations, the outcome of negotiations between taxing authorities in different jurisdictions, new regulatory or judicial pronouncements or other relevant events. As a result, the amount of unrecognized tax benefits, and the effective tax rate, may fluctuate significantly.

The impact of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “U.S. Tax Reform Act”) was recorded on a provisional basis as defined in Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. Additional guidance was issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury on several provisions including the computation of the transition tax on historic foreign earnings. Further analysis was performed and conclusions reached as part of the tax return filing process. Sony completed its accounting analysis and no material difference to the provisional amount was recorded in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

The U.S. Tax Reform Act subjects a U.S. entity to tax on Global Intangible Low Tax Income (“GILTI”) earned by its foreign subsidiaries. Sony has elected to account for GILTI as a current period expense when incurred.

Net income (loss) attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders per share (“EPS”) -

Basic EPS is computed based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. The computation of diluted EPS reflects the maximum possible dilution from conversion, exercise, or contingent issuance of securities. All potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation in a situation where there is a net loss attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders.

(2) Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

Revenue from contracts with customers -

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09 addressing revenue recognition which superseded the previous revenue recognition requirements, including most industry-specific guidance. This ASU requires an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2018, and has been applied on a modified retrospective basis. Sony applied this ASU to all open contracts existing as of April 1, 2018, recognizing in beginning retained earnings an adjustment for the cumulative effect of the change.

Although the adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position, there are several areas where Sony’s revenue recognition changed as compared with historical U.S. GAAP. The more significant of these areas are as follows:

In the Pictures segment, (1) licensing revenue associated with certain renewals or extensions of existing agreements for motion pictures and television programming is recognized at a later point in time, which is when the licensee can use and benefit from the content, instead of when the agreement is renewed or extended, and (2) licensing revenue associated with minimum guarantees for symbolic intellectual property (e.g., brands, trademarks and logos) is recognized over the license term instead of at the inception of the license term.

In the MC segment, the incremental costs of obtaining contracts for the internet-related service business are recognized as assets and amortized to expense over the contract period.

In addition, the ASU changed the presentation of certain items in the consolidated financial statements, such as sales returns, with no impact to the timing of the recognition of revenue or expense.

The following chart illustrates the amounts by which each summarized income statement line item was affected by the adoption of this ASU:

	Yen in millions Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
	As Reported		Adjustments of ASU 2014-09			Without Adoption of ASU 2014-09
Sales and operating revenue		8,665,687		(11,570	)		8,677,257
Costs of sales		5,150,750		(19,018	)		5,169,768
Selling, general and administrative		1,576,825		1,366			1,575,459
Others		1,043,877		—			1,043,877
Operating income		894,235		6,082			888,153

Recognition and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities -

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01 amending various aspects of the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. The changes mainly relate to the requirement to measure equity investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries, other than those accounted for under the equity method of accounting, at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. However, this ASU permits entities to elect to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2018. As a result of the adoption of this ASU, Sony reclassified 15,526 million yen in unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, on equity securities previously classified as available-for-sale, from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. In addition, changes in value due to the revaluation of equity securities held in the Financial Services segment at the end of the period are recorded in financial services revenue, and changes in value due to the revaluation of equity securities held in all segments other than the Financial Services segment are recorded in gain on equity securities, net in the consolidated statement of income.

Intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory -

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, which amends the accounting for income taxes. This update requires recognition of the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of assets other than inventory when the transfer occurs. Under historical U.S. GAAP, the income tax consequences for asset transfers other than inventory could not be recognized until the asset was sold to a third party. This ASU is required to be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Changes to the opening balances resulting from the adoption of the above ASUs were as follows:

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2018			Impact of Adoption									April 1, 2018
				ASU 2014-09			ASU 2016-01			ASU 2016-16
ASSETS
Current assets:
Notes and accounts receivable, trade		1,061,442			(2,993	)		—			—			1,058,449
Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns*		(48,663	)		25,114			—			—			(23,549	)
Inventories		692,937			(12,404	)		—			—			680,533
Other receivables		190,706			9,628			—			—			200,334
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		516,744			(5,520	)		—			—			511,224
Film costs		327,645			7,647			—			—			335,292
Other assets:
Deferred income taxes		96,772			(326	)		—			—			96,446
Other		325,167			1,068			—			—			326,235
Total assets		19,065,538			22,214			—			—			19,087,752
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable, other and accrued expenses		1,514,433			(3,290	)		—			—			1,511,143
Other*		610,792			31,777			—			—			642,569
Deferred income taxes		449,863			—			—			(14,680	)		435,183
Other		278,338			10,525			—			—			288,863
Total liabilities		15,409,171			39,012			—			(14,680	)		15,433,503
EQUITY
Retained earnings		1,440,387			(16,798	)		15,526			9,248			1,448,363
Unrealized gains on securities, net		126,191			—			(15,526	)		—			110,665
Noncontrolling interests		679,791			—			—			5,432			685,223
Total equity		3,647,157			(16,798	)		—			14,680			3,645,039
Total liabilities and equity		19,065,538			22,214			—			—			19,087,752

* Under ASU 2014-09, Sony presents sales returns as a liability instead of as a contra-asset allowance. Accordingly, Sony changed the presentation from “Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns” to “Allowance for doubtful accounts” on the consolidated balance sheet.

Classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments -

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, which clarifies the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Restricted cash -

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, which requires that restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be included with cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. This ASU also requires entities to disclose how the statement of cash flows that includes restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents with cash and cash equivalents reconciles to the balance sheet. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2018 and has been applied on a retrospective basis. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Clarifying the definition of a business -

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01 which clarifies the definition of a business. The ASU requires an entity to first determine whether substantially all of the fair value of a set of assets acquired is concentrated in either a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. If this criterion is met, the acquired set of assets is not deemed to be a business. If the criterion is not met, the entity must then evaluate whether the set of assets meets the requirement to be deemed a business. To be considered a business, the acquired set of assets would have to include an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Presentation of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs -

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, which requires separate presentation of service costs and other components of net benefit costs. The service costs will only be presented with other employee compensation costs in operating income or capitalized, while the other components of net benefit costs will be presented outside of operating income, and will not be eligible for capitalization. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2018. This ASU is required to be applied on a retrospective basis for the presentation of service costs and other components of net benefit costs, and on a prospective basis for the capitalization of only the service costs component of net benefit costs. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

(3) Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

Leases -

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, which amends current leasing guidance. The ASU requires substantially all leases to be recognized on the balance sheet. This ASU is effective for Sony as of April 1, 2019, and will be applied on a modified retrospective basis with no restatement of comparative periods. While Sony is continuing to assess all potential impacts of the standard, Sony currently believes the most significant impact relates to Sony’s accounting for right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases of real estate. Sony estimates the adoption of this ASU will result in the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases of real estate in the range of approximately 300 billion yen to 350 billion yen each for real estate. Although not significant, other leases including machinery and equipment will be also capitalized.

Measurement of credit losses on financial instruments -

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, which amends the accounting guidance for credit losses on financial instruments. The ASU requires the consideration of all available relevant information when estimating expected credit losses, including past events, current conditions and forecasts and their implications for expected credit losses. This ASU will be effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020. The impact of this ASU on Sony’s results of operations and financial position is being evaluated.

Premium amortization on purchased callable debt securities -

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, which requires certain premiums on callable debt securities to be amortized to the earliest call date. The amortization period for callable debt securities purchased at a discount will not be affected. This ASU is effective for Sony as of April 1, 2019. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Targeted improvements to accounting for hedging activities -

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, which made targeted improvements to the accounting for hedging activities. The amendments in this update simplify certain aspects of hedge accounting for both non-financial and financial risks and better align the recognition and measurement of hedge results with an entity’s risk management activities. This ASU also amends certain presentation and disclosure requirements for hedging activities and changes how an entity assesses hedge effectiveness. This ASU is effective for Sony as of April 1, 2019. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Improvements to Accounting for Costs of Films and License Agreements for Program Materials -

In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-02. The ASU updates the guidance for the capitalization of film costs associated with episodic television series, requires the use of fair value rather than net realizable value when determining potential impairments of broadcasting rights, and modifies the presentation and disclosure requirements for films and broadcasting rights. In addition, upon capitalization of film costs entities are required to determine qualitatively whether the predominant monetization strategy is on a title-by-title basis or together with other films and/or broadcast rights as part of a film group, such as in the case of a release of a film as part of a library of content on a streaming service. In the case of a film group, impairments are evaluated at the overall film group level rather than the individual title level. This ASU will be effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020. The impact of this ASU on Sony’s results of operations and financial position is being evaluated.

Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts -

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-12, which revises the accounting for certain long-duration insurance contracts. The ASU prescribes comprehensive changes to recognition and measurement of certain long-duration insurance contracts and assumptions and introduces certain financial statement presentation requirements, as well as significant additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures. This ASU will be effective for Sony as of April 1, 2021. The impact of this ASU on Sony’s results of operations and financial position is being evaluated.

Disclosures for Fair Value Measurement -

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, which amends disclosure requirements related to fair value measurement. This ASU will be effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020. Since this ASU will only impact disclosures, the adoption will have no impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Disclosures for Defined Benefit Plans -

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, which amends disclosure requirements related to defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans. This ASU will be effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020 and will be applied on a retrospective basis. Since this ASU will only impact disclosures, the adoption will have no impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

(4) Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications of the financial statements and accompanying footnotes for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017 and 2018 have been made to conform to the presentation for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

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Inventories

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

3. Inventories

Inventories are comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018		2019
Finished products		422,461		407,295
Work in process		153,257		154,178
Raw materials, purchased components and supplies		117,219		91,805
Inventories		692,937		653,278

XML

Film costs

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Other Industries [Abstract]

Film costs

4. Film costs

Film costs are comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018			2019
Motion picture productions:
Released		81,755			87,158
Completed and not released		1,728			3,189
In production and development		78,868			130,736
Television productions:
Released		127,790			144,316
In production and development		1,174			9,147
Broadcasting rights		72,125			70,401
Less: current portion of broadcasting rights included in inventories		(35,795	)		(35,942	)
Film costs		327,645			409,005

Sony estimates that approximately 93% of the unamortized film costs of released motion picture and television productions at March 31, 2019 will be amortized within the next three years. Approximately 168 billion yen of completed film costs are expected to be amortized during the next twelve months. Approximately 166 billion yen of accrued participation liabilities included in accounts payable, other and accrued expenses are expected to be paid during the next twelve months.

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Investments in affiliated companies

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Investments in affiliated companies

5. Investments in affiliated companies

The summarized combined financial information that is based on information provided by the equity investees including information for significant equity affiliates and the reconciliation of such information to the consolidated financial statements is shown below:

Balance Sheets

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018			2019
Current assets		404,658			355,320
Noncurrent assets		868,455			608,626
Current liabilities		273,067			188,905
Noncurrent liabilities and noncontrolling interests		768,007			584,714
Percentage of ownership in equity investees		20%-50	%		20%-50	%

Statements of Income

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Net revenues		387,229			468,933			390,457
Operating income		37,800			56,729			53,920
Net income attributable to controlling interests		11,529			27,301			5,539
Percentage of ownership in equity investees		20%-50	%		20%-50	%		20%-50	%

On November 14, 2018, Sony Corporation of America, Sony’s wholly-owned subsidiary, completed the acquisition of the entirety of the approximately 60% equity interest held by the investor consortium led by the Mubadala Investment Company in DH Publishing, L.P. (“EMI”) , which owned and managed EMI Music Publishing. As a result of this acquisition, EMI became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony as described in Note 25.

On January 30, 2017, Sony sold 17,302,700 shares of its 127,381,600 shares in its affiliated company M3, Inc. (“M3”) to a third party for cash consideration of 51,968 million yen, which is included within other in the investing activities section of the consolidated statements of cash flows. In connection with the sale, Sony’s share ownership decreased from 39.35% to 34.0% of the issued and outstanding shares of M3 and Sony recorded a gain of 37,167 million yen in other operating (income) expense, net in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017. Sony continues to account for its remaining interest in M3 under the equity method. Sony remains a major shareholder of M3 and will continue to pursue opportunities to collaborate with M3 in certain business areas, including medical.

The carrying value of Sony’s investment in M3 exceeded its proportionate share in the underlying net assets of M3 by 102,696 million yen at March 31, 2019. The excess is substantially attributable to the remeasurement to fair value of the remaining shares of M3, and allocated to identifiable tangible and intangible assets. The intangible assets relate primarily to M3’s medical web-portal. The unassigned residual value of the excess is recognized as goodwill as a component of the investment balance. The amounts allocated to intangible assets are amortized net of the related tax effects to equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies over their respective estimated useful lives, principally 10 years, using the straight-line method.

With the exception of M3 as described above, there was no significant difference between Sony’s proportionate share in the underlying net assets of the investees and the carrying value of investments in affiliated companies at March 31, 2018 and 2019.

Several affiliated companies are listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and Sony’s investments in these companies have an aggregate carrying value and fair value of 104,079 million yen and 423,108 million yen, respectively, as of March 31, 2019.

The number of affiliated companies accounted for under the equity method as of March 31, 2018 and 2019 were 107 and 133, respectively.

Account balances and transactions with affiliated companies accounted for under the equity method are presented below. There are no other material transactions or account balances with any other related parties.

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018		2019
Accounts receivable, trade		15,516		12,404
Accounts payable, trade		2,568		1,087
Short-term borrowings		22,849		29,744
Capital lease obligations		13,294		20,265

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017		2018		2019
Sales		31,238		45,415		41,437
Purchases		1,966		3,180		5,584
Lease payments		16,492		7,749		7,455

Sony entered into sale and leaseback transactions regarding certain machinery and equipment with SFI Leasing Company, Limited (“SFIL”), a leasing company in Japan, in the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019. SFIL is accounted for under the equity method and is 34% owned by Sony.

MITSUI-SOKO Supply Chain Solutions, Inc. is accounted for under the equity method and is 34% owned by Sony as a result of the sale of the logistics business on April 1, 2015. As of the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, account balances with MITSUI-SOKO Supply Chain Solutions, Inc. and its subsidiaries were 3,662 million yen and 3,435 million yen, respectively, which are mainly included in accrued expenses. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, transactions were 9,123 million yen and 10,606 million yen, respectively, which are mainly included in general and administrative expenses.

Dividends from affiliated companies accounted for under the equity method for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 7,970 million yen, 5,613 million yen and 4,948 million yen, respectively.

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Transfer of financial assets

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Transfers and Servicing [Abstract]

Transfer of financial assets

6. Transfer of financial assets

Sony has established several accounts receivable sales programs mainly within the HE&S, IP&S and MC segments. Through these programs, Sony can sell receivables to a commercial bank or a special purpose entity associated with a sponsor bank. Total receivables sold during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 73,185 million yen, 84,718 million yen and 81,947 million yen, respectively. These transactions are accounted for as sales in accordance with the accounting guidance for transfers of financial assets, because Sony has relinquished control of the receivables. Sony includes the sales proceeds from these receivables as cash flows within operating activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows because the receivables are the result of operating activities and are short term in nature. Gains and losses from these transactions were insignificant. Although Sony continues servicing the receivables subsequent to being sold or contributed, no servicing assets or liabilities are recorded as the costs of collection of the sold receivables and the income from servicing such receivables are insignificant.

Certain of the accounts receivable sales programs above also involve VIEs. Refer to Note 24.

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Marketable securities and securities investments

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Marketable securities and securities investments

7. Marketable securities and securities investments

Marketable securities and securities investments, primarily included in the Financial Services segment, are comprised of debt and equity securities for which the aggregate cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value pertaining to available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity securities are as follows. Sony adopted ASU 2016-01 from April 1, 2018, and as a result, the available-for-sale classification is eliminated for equity securities as of March 31, 2019.

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2018									March 31, 2019
	Cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses			Fair value		Cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses			Fair value
Available-for-sale:
Debt securities:
Japanese national government bonds		1,227,139		182,830		(359	)		1,409,610		1,422,620		220,989		(20	)		1,643,589
Japanese local government bonds		67,574		107		(112	)		67,569		67,461		70		(34	)		67,497
Japanese corporate bonds		199,880		9,844		(1,016	)		208,708		202,433		17,178		(223	)		219,388
Foreign government bonds		72,204		622		(3,287	)		69,539		153,429		8,669		(603	)		161,495
Foreign corporate bonds		365,457		1,649		(641	)		366,465		360,299		944		(376	)		360,867
Securitized products		99,349		1		(0	)		99,350		190,111		1		—			190,112
Other		—		—		—			—		2,286		2,402		—			4,688
		2,031,603		195,053		(5,415	)		2,221,241		2,398,639		250,253		(1,256	)		2,647,636
Equity securities		55,676		71,723		(776	)		126,623		—		—		—			—
Held-to-maturity securities:
Japanese national government bonds		5,892,868		1,635,036		(20,890	)		7,507,014		6,042,635		2,016,786		—			8,059,421
Japanese local government bonds		3,850		413		—			4,263		3,518		388		—			3,906
Japanese corporate bonds		345,818		16,912		(17,390	)		345,340		409,329		44,348		(5,845	)		447,832
Foreign government bonds		300,220		8,310		(18,570	)		289,960		386,392		18,609		(13,742	)		391,259
Foreign corporate bonds		198		13		—			211		198		11		—			209
		6,542,954		1,660,684		(56,850	)		8,146,788		6,842,072		2,080,142		(19,587	)		8,902,627
Total		8,630,233		1,927,460		(63,041	)		10,494,652		9,240,711		2,330,395		(20,843	)		11,550,263

The following table presents the cost and fair value of debt securities classified as available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity securities by contractual maturity:

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2019
	Available-for-sale securities				Held-to-maturity securities
	Cost		Fair value		Cost		Fair value
Due in one year or less		132,770		132,745		6,286		6,334
Due after one year through five years		455,624		462,682		37,281		40,085
Due after five years through ten years		476,261		552,287		393,787		453,310
Due after ten years		1,333,984		1,499,922		6,404,718		8,402,898
Total		2,398,639		2,647,636		6,842,072		8,902,627

Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities were 75,319 million yen, 39,982 million yen and 66,906 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. On these sales, gross realized gains were 2,297 million yen, 1,257 million yen and 240 million yen and gross realized losses were 37 million yen, 2 million yen and 475 million yen, respectively, for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019. Sony adopted ASU 2016-01 from April 1, 2018, and as a result, the available-for-sale classification is eliminated for equity securities for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

Marketable securities classified as trading securities, which are held primarily in the Financial Services segment, totaled 1,048,062 million yen and 234,117 million yen as of March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively. Sony recorded net unrealized gains of 56,593 million yen, net unrealized gains of 48,047 million yen, and net unrealized gains of 3,610 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. Changes in the fair value of trading securities are primarily recognized in financial services revenue in the consolidated statements of income. Sony adopted ASU 2016-01 from April 1, 2018, and as a result, the trading classification is eliminated for equity securities as of March 31, 2019 and for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

The following tables present the gross unrealized losses on, and fair value of, Sony’s investment securities with unrealized losses, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual investment securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at March 31, 2018 and 2019. Sony adopted ASU 2016-01 from April 1, 2018, and as a result, the available-for-sale classification is eliminated for equity securities as of March 31, 2019.

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2018
	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
	Fair value		Unrealized losses			Fair value		Unrealized losses			Fair value		Unrealized losses
Available-for-sale:
Debt securities:
Japanese national government bonds		10,118		(11	)		32,836		(348	)		42,954		(359	)
Japanese local government bonds		9,324		(11	)		14,729		(101	)		24,053		(112	)
Japanese corporate bonds		11,046		(10	)		64,119		(1,006	)		75,165		(1,016	)
Foreign government bonds		40,156		(2,281	)		7,752		(1,006	)		47,908		(3,287	)
Foreign corporate bonds		34,840		(69	)		21,191		(572	)		56,031		(641	)
Securitized products		1,840		(0	)		315		(0	)		2,155		(0	)
		107,324		(2,382	)		140,942		(3,033	)		248,266		(5,415	)
Equity securities		13,859		(776	)		15		(0	)		13,874		(776	)
Held-to-maturity securities:
Japanese national government bonds		—		—			304,564		(20,890	)		304,564		(20,890	)
Japanese local government bonds		—		—			—		—			—		—
Japanese corporate bonds		—		—			174,815		(17,390	)		174,815		(17,390	)
Foreign government bonds		20,448		(704	)		134,230		(17,866	)		154,678		(18,570	)
Foreign corporate bonds		—		—			—		—			—		—
		20,448		(704	)		613,609		(56,146	)		634,057		(56,850	)
Total		141,631		(3,862	)		754,566		(59,179	)		896,197		(63,041	)

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2019
	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
	Fair value		Unrealized losses			Fair value		Unrealized losses			Fair value		Unrealized losses
Available-for-sale:
Debt securities:
Japanese national government bonds		—		—			4,063		(20	)		4,063		(20	)
Japanese local government bonds		27,404		(29	)		4,872		(5	)		32,276		(34	)
Japanese corporate bonds		25,725		(21	)		19,925		(202	)		45,650		(223	)
Foreign government bonds		—		—			15,878		(603	)		15,878		(603	)
Foreign corporate bonds		50,281		(117	)		15,455		(259	)		65,736		(376	)
Securitized products		—		—			—		—			—		—
Other		—		—			—		—			—		—
		103,410		(167	)		60,193		(1,089	)		163,603		(1,256	)
Held-to-maturity securities:
Japanese national government bonds		—		—			—		—			—		—
Japanese local government bonds		—		—			—		—			—		—
Japanese corporate bonds		—		—			97,984		(5,845	)		97,984		(5,845	)
Foreign government bonds		—		—			151,229		(13,742	)		151,229		(13,742	)
Foreign corporate bonds		—		—			—		—			—		—
		—		—			249,213		(19,587	)		249,213		(19,587	)
Total		103,410		(167	)		309,406		(20,676	)		412,816		(20,843	)

At March 31, 2019, Sony determined that the decline in value for securities with unrealized losses shown in the above table is not other-than-temporary in nature.

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, with respect to equity securities included in marketable securities and securities investments, Sony recorded net realized gains of 77,495 million yen due to the sale of equity securities and net unrealized gains of 104,168 million yen due to revaluation of equity securities held as of March 31, 2019. Gains or losses arising from equity securities held in the Financial Services segment are recorded in financial services revenue, and gains or losses arising from equity securities held in all segments other than the Financial Services segment are recorded in gain on equity securities, net in the consolidated statement of income. Included in the gains noted above were gains recorded by Sony with respect to the equity securities held by Sony in Spotify Technology S.A. (“Spotify”).

On April 3, 2018, Spotify was publicly listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange. Sony owned 5.707% of Spotify’s shares at the time of the public listing.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony sold a portion of the Spotify shares that it owned for aggregate consideration of 82,616 million yen (768 million U.S. dollars) in cash proceeds. The sale of such shares, offset by costs to be paid to Sony’s artists and distributed labels and other transaction costs which directly related to the gains recognized from the sale of Spotify shares, resulted in a net pre-tax realized gain of 54,179 million yen (504 million U.S. dollars) recorded in gain on equity securities, net in the consolidated statement of income. The payments to Sony’s artists and distributed labels are included within other in the cash flows from investing activities of the consolidated statement of cash flows.

The remaining Spotify shares retained as of March 31, 2019 have a gross fair value of 78,947 million yen (711 million U.S. dollars), and the revaluation of such shares resulted in a pre-tax unrealized gain, net of costs to be paid to Sony’s artists and distributed labels and other costs which directly related to the gains recognized from the revaluation of Spotify shares, of 47,543 million yen (449 million U.S. dollars) recorded in gain on equity securities, net in the consolidated statement of income.

In the ordinary course of business, Sony maintains long-term investment securities, included in securities investments and other, issued by various non-public companies. The aggregate carrying amounts of the investments in non-public companies as of March 31, 2018 and 2019 totaled 52,361 million yen and 25,720 million yen, respectively. Prior to Sony’s adoption of ASU 2016-01, non-public equity investments were primarily valued at cost as fair value is not readily determinable. Sony adopted ASU 2016-01 from April 1, 2018, and as a result, equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values are measured at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. Sony recorded no upward adjustments, and downward adjustments (including impairments) of 4,285 million yen, for securities that do not have readily determinable fair values for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

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Leases

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

8. Leases

Sony leases certain communication and commercial equipment, plant, office space, warehouses, employees’ residential facilities and other assets under both capital and operating leases. Sony has also entered into capital lease arrangements with third parties to finance sale and leaseback transactions for certain office buildings, machinery and equipment.

(1) Capital leases

Leased assets under capital leases are comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
Class of property	2018			2019
Machinery, equipment and others		93,491			92,915
Buildings		6,639			29,089
Accumulated amortization		(58,861	)		(61,349	)
		41,269			60,655

The following is a schedule by fiscal year of the future minimum lease payments under capital leases together with the present value of the net minimum lease payments as of March 31, 2019:

Fiscal year ending March 31	Yen in millions
2020		36,195
2021		10,429
2022		6,454
2023		5,246
2024		3,448
Later fiscal years		15,441
Total minimum lease payments		77,213
Less — Amount representing interest		8,385
Present value of net minimum lease payments		68,828
Less — Current obligations		35,144
Long-term capital lease obligations		33,684

(2) Operating leases

The minimum rental payments required under operating leases that have initial or remaining noncancelable lease terms in excess of one year at March 31, 2019 are as follows:

Fiscal year ending March 31	Yen in millions
2020		58,901
2021		48,823
2022		34,726
2023		25,355
2024		22,152
Later fiscal years		78,507
Total minimum future rentals		268,464

Rental expenses under operating leases for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 77,976 million yen, 77,950 million yen and 71,516 million yen, respectively. Sublease rentals received under operating leases for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 1,157 million yen, 1,325 million yen and 1,013 million yen, respectively. The total minimum rentals to be received in the future under noncancelable subleases for operating leases as of March 31, 2019 were 1,598 million yen.

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Goodwill and other intangible assets

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and other intangible assets

9. Goodwill and other intangible assets

Intangible assets other than goodwill acquired during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 totaled 523,504 million yen, of which 523,494 million yen is subject to amortization, and are comprised of the following:

	Intangible assets acquired during the fiscal year		Weighted-average amortization period
	Yen in millions		Years
Patent rights, know-how and license agreements		1,728		6
Software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed		17,114		3
Internal-use software		72,730		4
Music catalogs*		412,575		43
Artist contracts		13,847		27
Other		5,500		9

* Includes music catalogs relating to EMI Music Publishing acquisition. Refer to Note 25.

In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, additions to internal-use software primarily related to the capitalization of new software across several business platforms.

Intangible assets subject to amortization are comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2018					March 31, 2019
	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization			Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization
Patent rights, know-how and license agreements		175,980		(142,724	)		169,761		(145,525	)
Customer relationships		18,881		(7,615	)		15,759		(11,825	)
Trademarks		16,310		(8,451	)		15,768		(9,863	)
Software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed		123,269		(92,457	)		125,350		(96,322	)
Internal-use software		494,649		(315,516	)		529,022		(345,935	)
Music catalogs		207,789		(94,210	)		615,206		(106,725	)
Artist contracts		28,534		(27,650	)		42,575		(29,108	)
Television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements)		74,258		(25,884	)		74,605		(28,685	)
Other		58,543		(47,586	)		61,675		(49,288	)
Total		1,198,213		(762,093	)		1,649,721		(823,276	)

The aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 was 121,634 million yen, 123,450 million yen and 109,452 million yen, respectively. The estimated aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets for the next five fiscal years is as follows:

Fiscal year ending March 31	Yen in millions
2020		100,631
2021		84,220
2022		64,747
2023		49,941
2024		34,907

Total carrying amount of intangible assets having an indefinite life are comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018		2019
Trademarks		68,922		69,447
Distribution agreements		18,834		18,834
Other		3,292		3,240
Total		91,048		91,521

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019 are as follows:

	Yen in millions
	G&NS			Music			Pictures			HE&S			IP&S			MC			Semiconductors			Financial Services			All Other			Total
Balance, March 31, 2017:
Goodwill — gross		151,938			166,416			246,085			5,320			8,451			179,331			48,069			3,081			28,842			837,533
Accumulated impairments		—			(306	)		(107,932	)		(5,320	)		(300	)		(176,045	)		—			(706	)		(24,386	)		(314,995	)
Goodwill		151,938			166,110			138,153			—			8,151			3,286			48,069			2,375			4,456			522,538
Increase (decrease) due to:
Acquisitions		—			2,877			12,842			—			1,204			—			—			4,850			—			21,773
Sales and dispositions		—			(121	)		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(121	)
Impairments		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Translation adjustments		(1,332	)		(3,472	)		(6,583	)		—			162			—			(1,072	)		—			(85	)		(12,382	)
Other		—			—			—			—			—			—			(1,204	)		—			(112	)		(1,316	)
Balance, March 31, 2018:
Goodwill — gross		150,606			165,700			246,620			5,320			9,817			179,331			45,793			7,931			27,912			839,030
Accumulated impairments		—			(306	)		(102,208	)		(5,320	)		(300	)		(176,045	)		—			(706	)		(23,653	)		(308,538	)
Goodwill		150,606			165,394			144,412			—			9,517			3,286			45,793			7,225			4,259			530,492
Increase (decrease) due to:
Acquisitions*		2,261			240,396			387			—			—			—			—			—			—			243,044
Sales and dispositions		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Impairments		—			—			—			—			(776	)		—			—			—			(4,331	)		(5,107	)
Translation adjustments		1,088			(2,420	)		3,673			—			(73	)		—			771			—			72			3,111
Other		—			—			(2,988	)		—			—			—			—			—			—			(2,988	)
Balance, March 31, 2019:
Goodwill — gross		153,955			403,676			252,262			5,320			9,765			179,331			46,564			7,931			28,570			1,087,374
Accumulated impairments		—			(306	)		(106,778	)		(5,320	)		(1,097	)		(176,045	)		—			(706	)		(28,570	)		(318,822	)
Goodwill		153,955			403,370			145,484			—			8,668			3,286			46,564			7,225			—			768,552

* Acquisitions for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 relate mainly to EMI Music Publishing acquisition in the Music segment. Refer to Note 25.

Impairment of goodwill in the Pictures segment -

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, Sony made a downward revision in the future profitability projection for the Motion Pictures business within the Pictures segment primarily due to a lowering of previous expectations regarding the home entertainment business, mainly driven by an acceleration of market decline. The future profitability projection for the Motion Pictures business also reflected a reduction in underlying profitability projections of film performance largely mitigated by measures identified to improve the profitability of the Motion Pictures business.

Sony assessed the aforementioned events and circumstances and determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the Production & Distribution reporting unit (which includes the Motion Pictures and the Television Productions businesses) was less than its carrying value. Accordingly, Sony conducted the goodwill impairment tests using this new profitability projection and recalculated the implied fair value of the goodwill of the reporting unit. As a result of this recalculation, the carrying value of the goodwill was determined to be zero.

Consequently, the entire amount of the goodwill in the Production & Distribution reporting unit, 112,069 million yen, was impaired, in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017. The impairment loss was included in other operating (income) expense, net in the consolidated statements of income, and was recorded entirely within the Pictures segment.

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Insurance-related accounts

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Insurance [Abstract]

Insurance-related accounts

10. Insurance-related accounts

Sony’s Financial Services segment subsidiaries in Japan maintain their accounting records as described in Note 2 in accordance with the accounting principles and practices generally accepted in Japan, which vary in some respects from U.S. GAAP.

Those differences are mainly that insurance acquisition costs for life and non-life insurance contracts are charged to income when incurred in Japan whereas in the United States those costs are deferred and amortized generally over the premium-paying period of the related insurance policies, and that future policy benefits for life insurance contracts calculated locally under the authorization of the supervisory administrative agencies are comprehensively adjusted using the net level premium method with certain adjustments of actuarial assumptions for U.S. GAAP purposes. For the purpose of preparing the consolidated financial statements, appropriate adjustments have been made to reflect the accounting for these items in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

The combined amounts of statutory net equity of the insurance subsidiaries, which is not measured in accordance with U.S. GAAP, as of March 31, 2018 and 2019 were 525,976 million yen and 548,730 million yen, respectively.

(1) Insurance policies

Life insurance policies that a subsidiary in the Financial Services segment underwrites, most of which are categorized as long-duration contracts, mainly consist of whole life, term life and accident and health insurance contracts. The life insurance revenues for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 754,242 million yen, 857,766 million yen and 910,011 million yen, respectively. Property and casualty insurance policies that a subsidiary in the Financial Services segment underwrites are primarily automotive insurance contracts, which are categorized as short-duration contracts. The non-life insurance revenues for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 97,581 million yen, 105,497 million yen and 111,392 million yen, respectively.

(2) Deferred insurance acquisition costs

Amortization of deferred insurance acquisition costs charged to income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 amounted to 36,130 million yen, 68,137 million yen and 79,906 million yen, respectively.

(3) Future insurance policy benefits

Liabilities for future policy benefits, which mainly relate to individual life insurance policies, are established in amounts adequate to meet the estimated future obligations of policies in force. These liabilities, which require significant management judgment and estimates, are computed by the net level premium method based upon the assumptions as to future investment yield, morbidity, mortality, withdrawals and other factors. Future policy benefits are computed using interest rates ranging from 0.8% to 4.5% and are based on factors such as market conditions and expected investment returns. Morbidity, mortality and withdrawal assumptions for all policies are based on either the subsidiary’s own experience or various actuarial tables. Generally these assumptions are locked-in throughout the life of the contract upon the issuance of new insurance, although significant changes in experience or assumptions may require Sony to provide for expected future losses. At March 31, 2018 and 2019, future insurance policy benefits amounted to 5,211,421 million yen and 5,633,865 million yen, respectively.

(4) Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business

Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business represents an accumulation of account deposits plus credited interest less withdrawals, expenses and mortality charges. Policyholders’ account includes universal life insurance and investment contracts. Universal life insurance includes interest sensitive whole life contracts and variable contracts. The credited rates associated with interest sensitive whole life contracts range from 1.8% to 2.0%. For variable contracts, policy values are expressed in terms of investment units. Each unit is linked to an asset portfolio. The value of a unit increases or decreases based on the value of the linked asset portfolio. Investment contracts mainly include single payment endowment contracts, single payment educational endowment contracts, individual variable annuities and policies after the start of annuity payments. The credited rates associated with investment contracts, except for individual variable annuities, range from 0.01% to 6.3%. For individual variable annuities, policy values are expressed in terms of investment units. Each unit is linked to an asset portfolio. The value of a unit increases or decreases based on the value of the linked asset portfolio.

Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business is comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018		2019
Universal life insurance		1,951,906		2,104,646
Investment contracts		738,404		816,903
Other		130,392		126,653
Total		2,820,702		3,048,202

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Short-term borrowings and long-term debt

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Short-term borrowings and long-term debt

11. Short-term borrowings and long-term debt

Short-term borrowings are comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018		2019
Unsecured loans:
with a weighted-average interest rate of 3.95%		64,480
with a weighted-average interest rate of 2.52%				55,186
Secured loans:
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.12%		27
Repurchase agreement:
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.18%		335,586
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.56%				432,820
Secured call money:
with a weighted-average interest rate of (0.07)%		96,000
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.18%				130,612
		496,093		618,618

At March 31, 2019, certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment pledged marketable securities and securities investments with a book value of 363,322 million yen as collateral for 432,820 million yen of short-term repurchase agreements. The repurchase agreement provides for net settlement upon a termination event.

At March 31, 2019, certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment pledged marketable securities and securities investments with a book value of 59,496 million yen as collateral for 130,612 million yen of secured call money.

In addition, certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment pledged marketable securities and securities investments with an aggregate book value of 8,822 million yen as collateral for cash settlements, variation margins of futures markets and certain other purposes.

Long-term debt is comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018		2019
Unsecured loans, representing obligations principally to banks:
Due 2018 to 2024, with interest rates ranging from 0.01% to 5.10% per annum		49,454
Due 2019 to 2024, with interest rates ranging from 0.01 % to 7.89 % per annum				57,321
Unsecured 0.86% bonds, due 2018		150,000
Unsecured 2.00% bonds, due 2018		16,300
Unsecured 0.05% bonds, due 2019		69,879		69,964
Unsecured 2.07% bonds, due 2019		50,000		50,000
Unsecured 0.23% bonds, due 2021		89,744		89,819
Unsecured 0.11% bonds, due 2022		10,000		10,000
Unsecured 1.41% bonds, due 2022		10,000		10,000
Unsecured 0.28% bonds, due 2023		15,000		15,000
Unsecured 0.22% bonds, due 2025		10,000		10,000
Unsecured 0.42% bonds, due 2026		24,899		24,911
Unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds, due 2022, conversion price 5,008.0 yen per common share		119,976		119,961
Secured 0.00% loans, due 2019 to 2022		170,002
Secured 0.00% loans, due 2020 to 2023				200,003
Capital lease obligations and other:
Due 2018 to 2047, with interest rates ranging from 0.36% to 11.88% per annum		52,929
Due 2019 to 2048, with interest rates ranging from 0.36% to 9.14% per annum				72,991
Guarantee deposits received		10,790		10,863
		848,973		740,833
Less — Portion due within one year		225,522		172,461
		623,451		568,372

At March 31, 2019, certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment pledged marketable securities and securities investments with a book value of 13,043 million yen and housing loans with a book value of 412,560 million yen as collateral for a 200,000 million yen long-term secured loan.

On July 21, 2015, Sony issued 120,000 million yen of 130% callable unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds with stock acquisition rights due 2022 (the “Zero Coupon Convertible Bonds”). The bondholders are entitled to stock acquisition rights effective from September 1, 2015 to September 28, 2022. The initial conversion price is 5,008.0 yen per common share. In addition to the standard anti-dilution provisions, the conversion price is reduced for a certain period before an early redemption triggered upon the occurrence of certain corporate events including a merger, corporate split and delisting event. The reduced amount of the conversion price will be determined by a formula that is based on the effective date of the reduction and Sony’s common stock price. The reduced conversion price ranges from 3,526.5 yen to 5,008.0 yen per common share. The conversion price is also adjusted for dividends in excess of 25 yen per common share per fiscal year. The initial conversion price has been adjusted to 4,996.0 yen per common share since May 10, 2019 because the payment of the total annual dividend per common share for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 was 35 yen, which is in excess of 25 yen. Sony has the option to redeem all of the Zero Coupon Convertible Bonds outstanding at 100% of the principal amount after July 21, 2020, if the closing sales price per share of Sony’s common stock on the Tokyo Stock Exchange is 130% or more of the conversion price of the Zero Coupon Convertible Bonds for 20 consecutive trading days. Sony was not required to bifurcate any of the embedded features contained in the Zero Coupon Convertible Bonds for accounting purposes. There are no significant adverse debt covenants under the Zero Coupon Convertible Bonds.

In September 2016, Sony issued unsecured straight bonds in the aggregate principal amount of 200,000 million yen. In June 2018, Sony repaid 150,000 million yen of the 200,000 million yen.

There are no significant adverse debt covenants or cross-default provisions related to the other short-term borrowings and long-term debt.

Aggregate amounts of annual maturities of long-term debt are as follows:

Fiscal year ending March 31	Yen in millions
2020		172,461
2021		41,466
2022		186,004
2023		227,987
2024		18,102
Later fiscal years		94,813
Total		740,833

At March 31, 2019, Sony had unused committed lines of credit amounting to 522,453 million yen and can generally borrow up to 180 days from the banks with whom Sony has committed line contracts. Furthermore, at March 31, 2019, Sony has commercial paper programs totaling 1,054,950 million yen. Sony can issue commercial paper for a period generally not in excess of 270 days up to the size of the programs.

In connection with EMI Music Publishing acquisition, Sony assumed $350 million of unsecured notes (the “EMI Notes”) due June 15, 2024 with a fixed annual interest rate of 7.625%. In April 2019, Sony notified the EMI Noteholders of its intention to redeem the entirety of the EMI Notes on June 17, 2019 at a premium of 105.719% plus accrued and unpaid interest in accordance with the terms of the EMI Notes. The EMI Notes are included in “Later fiscal years” in the table above. Refer to Note 25.

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Housing loans and deposits from customers in the banking business

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Banking and Thrift [Abstract]

Housing loans and deposits from customers in the banking business

12. Housing loans and deposits from customers in the banking business

(1) Housing loans in the banking business

Sony acquires and holds certain financial receivables in the normal course of business. The majority of financing receivables held by Sony consists of housing loans in the banking business and no other significant financial receivables exist.

A subsidiary in the banking business monitors the credit quality of housing loans based on the classification set by the financial conditions and the past due status of individual obligors. Past due status is monitored on a daily basis and the aforementioned classification is reviewed on a quarterly basis.

The allowance for the credit losses is established based on the aforementioned classifications and the evaluation of collateral. The amount of housing loans in the banking business and the corresponding allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2018 were 1,522,415 million yen and 717 million yen, respectively, and as of March 31, 2019 were 1,685,504 million yen and 829 million yen, respectively. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, charge-offs on housing loans in the banking business and changes in the allowance for credit losses were not significant.

The balance of housing loans placed on nonaccrual status or past due status were not significant as of March 31, 2018 and 2019.

(2) Deposits from customers in the banking business

All deposits from customers in the banking business within the Financial Services segment are interest bearing deposits. At March 31, 2018 and 2019, the balances of time deposits issued in amounts of 10 million yen or more were 279,943 million yen and 292,968 million yen, respectively. These amounts have been classified as current liabilities mainly due to the ability of the customers to make withdrawals prior to maturity.

At March 31, 2019, aggregate amounts of annual maturities of time deposits with a remaining term of more than one year are as follows:

Fiscal year ending March 31	Yen in millions
2021		66,796
2022		15,513
2023		11,083
2024		10,813
2025		2,530
Later fiscal years		25,047
Total		131,782

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Fair value measurements

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair value measurements

13. Fair value measurements

As discussed in Note 2, assets and liabilities subject to the accounting guidance for fair value measurements held by Sony are classified and accounted for as described below.

(1) Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The following section describes the valuation techniques used by Sony to measure different financial instruments at fair value, including an indication of the level in the fair value hierarchy in which each instrument is generally classified.

Debt securities, equity securities, and other investments

Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified in level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Level 1 securities include exchange-traded equities. If quoted market prices are not available for the specific security or the market is inactive, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or discounted cash flows and mainly classified in level 2 of the hierarchy. Level 2 securities include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments, such as the majority of government bonds and corporate bonds. In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities are classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Level 3 securities primarily include certain securitized products, certain hybrid financial instruments, certain private equity investments, and certain domestic and foreign corporate bonds not classified within level 1 or level 2.

Derivatives

Exchange-traded derivatives valued using quoted prices are classified within level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. However, few classes of derivative contracts are listed on an exchange; thus, the majority of Sony’s derivative positions are valued using internally developed models that use as their basis readily observable market parameters — i.e., parameters that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources, including industry pricing services. Depending on the types and contractual terms of derivatives, fair value can be modeled using a series of techniques, such as the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which are consistently applied. Where derivative products have been established for some time, Sony uses models that are widely accepted in the financial services industry. These models reflect the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and market-based parameters such as interest rates, volatility, and the credit rating of the counterparty. Further, many of these models do not contain a high level of subjectivity as the techniques used in the models do not require significant judgment, and inputs to the model are readily observable from actively quoted markets. Such instruments are generally classified within level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

In determining the fair value of Sony’s interest rate swap derivatives, Sony uses the present value of expected cash flows based on market observable interest rate yield curves commensurate with the term of each instrument. For foreign currency derivatives, Sony’s approach is to use forward contract and option valuation models employing market observable inputs, such as spot currency rates, time value and option volatilities. These derivatives are classified within level 2 since Sony primarily uses observable inputs in its valuation of its derivative assets and liabilities.

The fair value of Sony’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2018 and 2019 are as follows. Sony adopted ASU 2016-01 from April 1, 2018, and as a result, equity securities which were previously included in the trading securities category are included in the equity securities category as of March 31, 2019.

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2018
									Presentation in the consolidated balance sheets
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Marketable securities		Securities investments and other		Other current assets/ liabilities		Other noncurrent assets/ liabilities
Assets:
Trading securities		712,113		335,949		—		1,048,062		1,048,062		—		—		—
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
Japanese national government bonds		—		1,409,610		—		1,409,610		20,473		1,389,137		—		—
Japanese local government bonds		—		67,569		—		67,569		8,548		59,021		—		—
Japanese corporate bonds		—		208,708		—		208,708		8,041		200,667		—		—
Foreign government bonds*1		—		69,539		—		69,539		—		69,539		—		—
Foreign corporate bonds*2		—		338,587		27,878		366,465		88,228		278,237		—		—
Securitized products*3		—		15,736		83,614		99,350		—		99,350		—		—
Equity securities		126,330		293		—		126,623		—		126,623		—		—
Other investments*4		6,192		5,099		9,104		20,395		—		20,395		—		—
Derivative assets*5		2,194		37,332		—		39,526		—		—		37,003		2,523
Total assets		846,829		2,488,422		120,596		3,455,847		1,173,352		2,242,969		37,003		2,523
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities*5		1,407		34,317		—		35,724		—		—		20,550		15,174
Total liabilities		1,407		34,317		—		35,724		—		—		20,550		15,174

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2019
									Presentation in the consolidated balance sheets
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Marketable securities		Securities investments and other		Other current assets/ liabilities		Other noncurrent assets/ liabilities
Assets:
Debt securities
Trading securities		22,105		212,012		—		234,117		234,117		—		—		—
Available-for-sale securities
Japanese national government bonds		—		1,643,589		—		1,643,589		18,719		1,624,870		—		—
Japanese local government bonds		—		67,497		—		67,497		7,768		59,729		—		—
Japanese corporate bonds		—		219,388		—		219,388		11,472		207,916		—		—
Foreign government bonds*1		—		161,495		—		161,495		3,984		157,511		—		—
Foreign corporate bonds*2		—		338,163		22,704		360,867		90,801		270,066		—		—
Securitized products*3		—		25,029		165,083		190,112		—		190,112		—		—
Other		—		4,688		—		4,688		—		4,688		—		—
Equity securities		1,037,100		135,794		—		1,172,894		951,390		221,504		—		—
Other investments*4		5,489		1,507		6,918		13,914		—		13,914		—		—
Derivative assets*5		444		10,042		—		10,486		—		—		9,431		1,055
Total assets		1,065,138		2,819,204		194,705		4,079,047		1,318,251		2,750,310		9,431		1,055
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities*5		136		32,686		—		32,822		—		—		19,852		12,970
Total liabilities		136		32,686		—		32,822		—		—		19,852		12,970

*1 2,875 million yen and 4,910 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively, and are included in the consolidated balance sheets as securities investments and other.

*2 160,470 million yen and 173,964 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively. In the consolidated balance sheets, 25,955 million yen and 33,391 million yen are included as marketable securities and 134,515 million yen and 140,573 million yen are included as securities investment and other for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

*3 93,971 million yen and 185,195 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 and level 3 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively, and are included in the consolidated balance sheets as securities investments and other.

*4 Other investments include certain hybrid financial instruments and certain private equity investments.

*5 Derivative assets and liabilities are recognized and disclosed on a gross basis.

*6 Net gains of 544 million yen and 85 million yen arising from financial instruments for which the fair value option has been elected are included in financial services revenue in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

Transfers into level 1 were 3,522 million yen and 1,769 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively, as quoted prices for certain trading debt securities and equity securities became available in an active market. Transfers out of level 1 were 3,086 million yen and 2,508 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively, as quoted prices for certain trading debt securities were not available in an active market.

The changes in fair value of level 3 assets and liabilities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019 are as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018
	Assets
	Available-for-sale securities
	Debt securities
	Japanese corporate bonds			Foreign corporate bonds			Securitized products			Other investments
Beginning balance		1,310			41,177			15,192			10,483
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
Included in earnings*1		—			(307	)		(3,032	)		(65	)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)*2		—			(84	)		1			(489	)
Purchases		—			12,604			74,736			139
Sales		—			—			—			(10	)
Settlements		—			(18,540	)		(3,283	)		(954	)
Transfers into level 3*3		—			—			—			—
Transfers out of level 3*4		(1,310	)		(6,972	)		—			—
Ending balance		—			27,878			83,614			9,104
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to instruments still held at reporting date:
Included in earnings*1		—			(468	)		(2,278	)		(65	)
	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
	Assets
	Available-for-sale securities
	Debt securities
	Japanese corporate bonds			Foreign corporate bonds			Securitized products			Other investments
Beginning balance		—			27,878			83,614			9,104
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
Included in earnings*1		—			465			562			276
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)*2		—			131			1			—
Purchases		—			5,787			94,696			4
Sales		—			—			—			(6	)
Settlements		—			(10,435	)		(13,601	)		(2,460	)
Transfers into level 3*3		—			20,863			5,284			—
Transfers out of level 3*4		—			(21,985	)		(5,473	)		—
Ending balance		—			22,704			165,083			6,918
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to instruments still held at reporting date:
Included in earnings*1		—			219			510			441

*1 Earning effects are included in financial services revenue in the consolidated statements of income.

*2 Unrealized gains (losses) are included in unrealized gains (losses) on securities in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

*3 Certain corporate bonds and certain securitized products were transferred into level 3 because differences between the fair value determined by indicative quotes from dealers and the fair value determined by internally developed prices became significant and the observability of the inputs used decreased.

*4 Certain corporate bonds and certain securitized products were transferred out of level 3 because observable market data became available.

Level 3 assets include certain securitized products, certain private equity investments, and certain domestic and foreign corporate bonds for which quoted prices are not available in a market and where there is less transparency around inputs. In determining the fair value of such assets, Sony uses third-party information such as indicative quotes from dealers without adjustment. For validating the fair values, Sony primarily uses internal models which include management judgment or estimation of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset.

(2) Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

Sony also has assets and liabilities that are required to be remeasured to fair value on a nonrecurring basis when certain circumstances occur. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, such remeasurements to fair value related primarily to the following:

	During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018
	Estimated fair value						Amounts included in earnings
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Long-lived assets impairments		—		—		19,375		(53,741	)
								(53,741	)
	During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
	Estimated fair value						Amounts included in earnings
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Long-lived assets impairments		—		—		4,389		(44,135	)
Goodwill impairment		—		—		0		(5,107	)
								(49,242	)

Long-lived assets impairments

Sony recorded impairment losses of 23,860 million yen for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, included within the Semiconductors segment, related to long-lived assets in the camera module business asset group. Due to a decrease in the projected future demand of camera modules, Sony conducted a strategic review of the business and its market conditions. Following this review, Sony reduced the corresponding estimated future cash flows and the estimated ability to recover the entire carrying amount of the long-lived assets within the period applicable to the impairment determination, resulting in an impairment charge. Sony decided to halt all development and production of high-functionality camera modules for external sales during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017.

Sony recorded an impairment loss of 31,341 million yen and 19,172 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively, included within the MC segment, related to long-lived assets in the smartphone business asset group. Due to smartphone sales results and changes in the business environment since January 2018 as well as the expectation of continued difficulty in the business environment thereafter, Sony conducted strategic reviews of its future profitability forecast for the smartphone business. Following these reviews, Sony reduced the corresponding estimated future cash flows of this business and the estimated ability to recover the carrying amount of the long-lived assets within the period applicable to the impairment determination, resulting in the impairment charges.

Sony recorded an impairment loss of 12,858 million yen for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, included within All Other, related to long-lived assets and goodwill in the storage media business asset group. As a result of conducting a strategic review of the business and evolving market trends, Sony reduced the corresponding estimated future cash flows of this business and the estimated ability to recover the entire carrying amount of the long-lived assets and goodwill within the period applicable to the impairment determination, resulting in an impairment charge for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

These measurements are classified as level 3 because significant unobservable inputs, such as the condition of the assets or projections of future cash flows, the timing of such cash flows and the discount rate reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, were considered in the fair value measurements. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, a discount rate of 10% and projected declining revenue rates ranging from (1)% to 8% were used in the fair value measurements related to the long-lived assets for the camera module business. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, a discount rate of 8.5% and projected revenue growth rates ranging from (8)% to 6% were used in the fair value measurements related to the long-lived assets for the smartphone business. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, a discount rate of 8.5% and projected revenue growth rates ranging from (26)% to 24% were used in the fair value measurements related to the long-lived assets for the smartphone business and a discount rate of 8.9% and projected revenue growth rates ranging from (34)% to 21% were used in the fair value measurements related to the long-lived assets and goodwill for the storage media business.

Goodwill impairments

Sony recorded an impairment loss of 112,069 million yen during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 against the goodwill of the Production & Distribution reporting unit in the Pictures segment. Refer to Note 9. Sony’s determination of the estimated fair value of the reporting unit was based on the present value of expected future cash flows including a terminal value which is based on an exit price using an earnings multiple applied to the final year of the forecasted earnings, and which also takes into consideration a control premium. These measurements are classified as level 3 because significant unobservable inputs, such as the projections of future cash flows, the timing of such cash flows, the earnings multiple, the growth rates beyond the forecast and mid-range plan periods, and the discount rate reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, were considered in the fair value measurements. An earnings multiple of 9.0x, growth rates beyond the forecast and mid-range plan periods ranging from 3.0% to 4.5% and a discount rate of 9.5% were used in the fair value measurement.

Remeasurement of previously owned equity interests

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony remeasured to fair value the previously owned equity interests in EMI in connection with EMI Music Publishing acquisition. The measurement is classified as level 3 because significant unobservable inputs, such as projections of future cash flows and market comparables of similar transactions and companies were considered in the fair value measurements. Refer to Note 25.

(3) Financial instruments

The estimated fair values by fair value hierarchy level of certain financial instruments that are not reported at fair value are summarized as follows:

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2018
	Estimated fair value								Carrying amount
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Total
Assets:
Housing loans in the banking business		—		1,686,842		—		1,686,842		1,522,415
Total assets		—		1,686,842		—		1,686,842		1,522,415
Liabilities:
Long-term debt including the current portion		—		877,576		—		877,576		848,973
Investment contracts included in policyholders’ account in the life insurance business		—		766,558		—		766,558		738,404
Total liabilities		—		1,644,134		—		1,644,134		1,587,377
	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2019
	Estimated fair value								Carrying amount
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Total
Assets:
Housing loans in the banking business		—		1,861,384		—		1,861,384		1,685,504
Total assets		—		1,861,384		—		1,861,384		1,685,504
Liabilities:
Long-term debt including the current portion		—		737,529		—		737,529		740,833
Investment contracts included in policyholders’ account in the life insurance business		—		877,157		—		877,157		816,903
Total liabilities		—		1,614,686		—		1,614,686		1,557,736

The summary excludes cash and cash equivalents, call loans, time deposits, notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets, call money, short-term borrowings, notes and accounts payable, trade and deposits from customers in the banking business because the carrying values of these financial instruments approximated their fair values due to their short-term nature. The summary also excludes held-to-maturity securities disclosed in Note 7.

Cash and cash equivalents, call loans and call money are classified in level 1. Time deposits, short-term borrowings, deposits from customers in the banking business are classified in level 2. Held-to-maturity securities, included in marketable securities and securities investments and other in the consolidated balance sheets, primarily include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments, such as the majority of government bonds and corporate bonds and are substantially all classified in level 2. The fair values of housing loans in the banking business, included in securities investments and other in the consolidated balance sheets, were estimated based on the discounted future cash flows using interest rates reflecting London Interbank Offered Rate base yield curves with certain risk premiums. The fair values of long-term debt including the current portion and investment contracts included in policyholders’ account in the life insurance business were estimated based on either the market value or the discounted future cash flows using Sony’s current incremental borrowing rates for similar liabilities.

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Derivative instruments and hedging activities

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative instruments and hedging activities

14. Derivative instruments and hedging activities

Sony has certain financial instruments including financial assets and liabilities acquired in the normal course of business. Such financial instruments are exposed to market risk arising from the changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. In applying a consistent risk management strategy for the purpose of reducing such risk, Sony uses derivative financial instruments, which include foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign currency option contracts, and interest rate swap agreements (including interest rate and currency swap agreements). Certain other derivative financial instruments are entered into in the Financial Services segment for asset-liability management (“ALM”) purposes. These instruments are executed with creditworthy financial institutions, and virtually all foreign currency contracts are denominated in U.S. dollars, euros and other currencies of major countries. These derivatives generally mature or expire within six months after the balance sheet date. Other than derivatives utilized in the Financial Services segment for ALM, Sony does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. These derivative transactions utilized for ALM in the Financial Services segment are executed within certain limits in accordance with an internal risk management policy.

Derivative financial instruments held by Sony are classified and accounted for as described below.

Fair value hedges

Both the derivatives designated as fair value hedges and the hedged items are reflected at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the fair value of the derivatives designated as fair value hedges, as well as offsetting changes in the carrying value of the underlying hedged items, are recognized in income. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, these fair value hedges were fully effective. In addition, there were no amounts excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness of fair value hedges.

Cash flow hedges

Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are initially recorded in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, these cash flow hedges were fully effective. In addition, there were no amounts excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness for cash flow hedges.

Derivatives not designated as hedges

Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedges are recognized in income.

A description of the purpose and classification of the derivative financial instruments held by Sony is as follows:

Foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign currency option contracts

Foreign exchange forward contracts and purchased and written foreign currency option contracts are utilized primarily to limit the exposure affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates on cash flows generated or anticipated by Sony’s transactions and accounts receivable and payable denominated in foreign currencies. The majority of written foreign currency option contracts are a part of range forward contract arrangements and expire in the same month with the corresponding purchased foreign currency option contracts.

Sony also entered into foreign exchange forward contracts and range forward contracts which effectively fixed the cash flows from certain forecasted purchase and sale transactions denominated in foreign currencies. Accordingly, these derivatives have been designated as cash flow hedges.

Foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign currency option contracts that do not qualify as hedges are marked-to-market with changes in value recognized in other income and expenses.

Foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign currency option contracts and currency swap agreements held by certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment are marked-to-market with changes in value recognized in financial services revenue.

Interest rate swap agreements (including interest rate and currency swap agreements)

Interest rate swap agreements are utilized primarily to lower funding costs, to diversify sources of funding and to limit Sony’s exposure associated with underlying debt instruments and available-for-sale debt securities resulting from adverse fluctuations in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and changes in fair values.

Interest rate swap agreements entered into in the Financial Services segment are used for reducing the risk arising from the changes in the fair value of fixed rate available-for-sale debt securities. These derivatives are considered to be a hedge against changes in the fair value of available-for-sale debt securities in the Financial Services segment. Accordingly, these derivatives have been designated as fair value hedges.

Certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment have interest rate swap agreements as part of their ALM, which are marked-to-market with changes in value recognized in financial service revenues.

Any other interest rate swap agreements that do not qualify as hedges, which are used for reducing the risk arising from changes of variable rate debt, are marked-to-market with changes in value recognized in other income and expenses.

Other agreements

Certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment have equity future contracts, equity swap agreements, interest rate swaption agreements, other currency contracts and hybrid financial instruments as part of their ALM, which are marked-to-market with changes in value recognized in financial services revenue. The hybrid financial instruments, disclosed in Note 7 as debt securities, contained embedded derivatives that are not required to be bifurcated because the entire instruments are carried at fair value.

The estimated fair values of Sony’s outstanding derivative instruments are summarized as follows:

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	Yen in millions
	Balance sheet location	Fair value				Balance sheet location	Fair value
		March 31					March 31
	Asset derivatives	2018		2019		Liability derivatives	2018		2019
Interest rate contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets		12		10	Current liabilities: Other		160		141
Interest rate contracts	Other assets: Other		286		101	Liabilities: Other		10,281		8,274
Foreign exchange contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets		48		131	Current liabilities: Other		1,535		42
			346		242			11,976		8,457
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	Yen in millions
	Balance sheet location	Fair value				Balance sheet location	Fair value
		March 31					March 31
	Asset derivatives	2018		2019		Liability derivatives	2018		2019
Interest rate contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets		12		39	Current liabilities: Other		299		344
Interest rate contracts	Other assets: Other		1,871		882	Liabilities: Other		3,612		3,637
Foreign exchange contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets		34,737		8,807	Current liabilities: Other		17,149		11,549
Foreign exchange contracts	Other assets: Other		366		72	Liabilities: Other		1,281		1,059
Equity contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets		2,194		444	Current liabilities: Other		1,407		7,776
			39,180		10,244			23,748		24,365
Total derivatives			39,526		10,486			35,724		32,822

Presented below are the effects of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019.

Derivatives under fair value hedging relationships	Yen in millions
	Location of gains or (losses) recognized in income on derivative instruments	Amounts of gains or (losses) recognized in income on derivative instruments
		Fiscal year ended March 31
		2017			2018			2019
Interest rate contracts	Financial services revenue		1,967			(52	)		(1,835	)
Foreign exchange contracts	Foreign exchange loss, net		(31	)		—			—
Total			1,936			(52	)		(1,835	)
	Yen in millions
Derivatives under cash flow hedging relationships	Affected line item in consolidated statements of income	Fiscal year ended March 31
		2017			2018			2019
		Amounts recognized in unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments in OCI (before tax)
Foreign exchange contracts	—		6,715			(2,295	)		2,315
Total			6,715			(2,295	)		2,315
		Amounts reclassified from unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments in accumulated OCI (effective portion) (before tax)
Foreign exchange contracts	Cost of sales		(5,583	)		1,111			(1,093	)
Total			(5,583	)		1,111			(1,093	)

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	Yen in millions
	Location of gains or (losses) recognized in income on derivative instruments	Amounts of gains or (losses) recognized in income on derivative instruments
		Fiscal year ended March 31
		2017			2018			2019
Interest rate contracts	Financial services revenue		(935	)		(1,544	)		(3,192	)
Foreign exchange contracts	Financial services revenue		(5,365	)		2,013			(8,198	)
Foreign exchange contracts	Foreign exchange loss, net		12,339			21,370			(7,437	)
Equity contracts	Financial services revenue		(18,597	)		(11,665	)		(7,649	)
Total			(12,558	)		10,174			(26,476	)

The following table summarizes additional information, including notional amounts, for each type of derivative:

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2018					March 31, 2019
	Notional amount		Fair value			Notional amount		Fair value
Foreign exchange contracts:
Foreign exchange forward contracts		1,105,393		7,071			701,880		(304	)
Currency option contracts purchased		206		1			53,846		179
Currency option contracts written		156		(1	)		58,825		(35	)
Currency swap agreements		1,230,254		4,613			959,777		(5,564	)
Other currency contracts		84,623		3,502			68,513		2,084
Interest rate contracts:
Interest rate swap agreements		398,291		(12,171	)		339,934		(11,346	)
Interest rate swaption agreements		—		—			5,300		(18	)
Equity contracts:
Equity future contracts		106,876		787			58,725		308
Equity swap agreements		—		—			63,107		(7,640	)

All derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets on a gross basis, but certain subsidiaries have entered into master netting agreements or other similar agreements, which are mainly International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) Master Agreements. An ISDA Master Agreement is an agreement between two counterparties that may have multiple derivative contracts with each other, and such ISDA Master Agreement may provide for the net settlement of all or a specified group of these derivative contracts, through a single payment, in a single currency, in the event of a default on or affecting any one derivative contract, or a termination event affecting all or a specified group of derivative contracts. Presented below are the effects of offsetting derivative assets, derivative liabilities, financial assets and financial liabilities as of March 31, 2018 and 2019.

	Yen in millions
	As of March 31, 2018
	Gross amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet		Gross amounts not offset in the consolidated balance sheet that are subject to  master netting agreements
			Financial instruments		Cash collateral		Net amounts
Derivative assets subject to master netting agreements		15,404		7,724		449		7,231
Derivative assets not subject to master netting agreements		24,122						24,122
Total assets		39,526		7,724		449		31,353
Derivative liabilities subject to master netting agreements		34,455		8,326		14,334		11,795
Derivative liabilities not subject to master netting agreements		1,269						1,269
Repurchase, securities lending and similar arrangements		335,586		334,246		—		1,340
Total liabilities		371,310		342,572		14,334		14,404

	Yen in millions
	As of March 31, 2019
	Gross amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet		Gross amounts not offset in the consolidated balance sheet that are subject to  master netting agreements
			Financial instruments		Cash collateral		Net amounts
Derivative assets subject to master netting agreements		6,855		3,442		136		3,277
Derivative assets not subject to master netting agreements		3,631						3,631
Total assets		10,486		3,442		136		6,908
Derivative liabilities subject to master netting agreements		25,872		3,970		20,191		1,711
Derivative liabilities not subject to master netting agreements		6,950						6,950
Repurchase, securities lending and similar arrangements		432,820		432,820		—		—
Total liabilities		465,642		436,790		20,191		8,661

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Pension and severance plans

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Pension and severance plans

15. Pension and severance plans

(1) Defined benefit and severance plans

Upon terminating employment, employees of Sony Corporation and its subsidiaries in Japan are entitled, under most circumstances, to lump-sum indemnities or pension payments as described below. Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries’ pension plans utilize a point-based plan under which a point is added every year reflecting the individual employee’s performance over that year. Under the point-based plan, the amount of payment is determined based on the sum of cumulative points from past services and interest points earned on the cumulative points regardless of whether or not the employee is voluntarily retiring.

Under the plans, in general, the defined benefits cover 65% of the indemnities under existing regulations to employees. The remaining indemnities are covered by severance payments by the companies. The pension benefits are payable at the option of the retiring employee either in a lump-sum amount or monthly pension payments. Contributions to the plans are funded through several financial institutions in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations.

From April 1, 2012, Sony Corporation and substantially all of its subsidiaries in Japan have modified existing defined benefit pension plans such that life annuities will no longer accrue additional service benefits, with those participants instead accruing fixed-term annuities. The defined benefit pension plans were closed to new participants and a defined contribution plan was also introduced.

In addition, several of Sony’s foreign subsidiaries have defined benefit pension plans or severance indemnity plans, which cover substantially all of their employees. Under such plans, the related cost of benefits is currently funded or accrued. Benefits awarded under these plans are based primarily on the current rate of pay and length of service.

The components of net periodic benefit costs for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were as follows:

Japanese plans:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Service cost		26,811			25,185			23,128
Interest cost		5,912			8,024			7,020
Expected return on plan assets		(17,829	)		(16,440	)		(16,695	)
Recognized actuarial loss		20,436			16,099			15,365
Amortization of prior service costs		(9,490	)		(8,693	)		(7,864	)
Net periodic benefit costs		25,840			24,175			20,954

Foreign plans:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Service cost		2,958			3,181			2,780
Interest cost		10,426			10,393			10,083
Expected return on plan assets		(11,000	)		(11,687	)		(11,797	)
Amortization of net transition asset		9			5			—
Recognized actuarial loss		2,552			3,014			2,656
Amortization of prior service costs		(463	)		(574	)		(269	)
Losses on curtailments and settlements		43			1,058			1,804
Net periodic benefit costs		4,525			5,390			5,257

The components of net periodic benefit costs other than service cost for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 are included within other income in the consolidated statements of income.

The estimated net actuarial loss and prior service cost for the defined benefit pension plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit costs over the next fiscal year are 17,759 million yen and 7,153 million yen, respectively.

The changes in the benefit obligation and plan assets as well as the funded status and composition of amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets were as follows:

	Japanese plans						Foreign plans
	Yen in millions						Yen in millions
	March 31						March 31
	2018			2019			2018			2019
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of the fiscal year		1,004,676			1,010,574			352,442			356,397
Service cost		25,185			23,128			3,181			2,780
Interest cost		8,024			7,020			10,393			10,083
Plan participants’ contributions		—			—			573			462
Actuarial loss		21,920			29,295			663			1,700
Foreign currency exchange rate changes		—			—			8,858			(1,554	)
Curtailments and settlements		—			—			(5,422	)		(6,120	)
Effect of changes in consolidated subsidiaries		—			—			—			1,947
Other		(8	)		6			—			—
Benefits paid		(49,223	)		(35,069	)		(14,291	)		(13,777	)
Benefit obligation at end of the fiscal year		1,010,574			1,034,954			356,397			351,918
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year		699,008			711,077			259,177			269,745
Actual return on plan assets		38,896			18,701			13,426			15,243
Foreign currency exchange rate changes		—			—			6,181			(838	)
Employer contribution		6,090			36,875			9,040			8,542
Plan participants’ contributions		—			—			573			462
Curtailments and settlements		—			—			(5,285	)		(5,960	)
Benefits paid		(32,917	)		(24,449	)		(13,367	)		(12,445	)
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year		711,077			742,204			269,745			274,749
Funded status at end of the fiscal year		(299,497	)		(292,750	)		(86,652	)		(77,169	)

Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of:

	Japanese plans						Foreign plans
	Yen in millions						Yen in millions
	March 31						March 31
	2018			2019			2018			2019
Noncurrent assets		3,426			3,476			8,396			14,745
Current liabilities		—			—			(4,121	)		(4,412	)
Noncurrent liabilities		(302,923	)		(296,226	)		(90,927	)		(87,502	)
Ending balance		(299,497	)		(292,750	)		(86,652	)		(77,169	)

Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, excluding tax effects, consist of:

	Japanese plans						Foreign plans
	Yen in millions						Yen in millions
	March 31						March 31
	2018			2019			2018			2019
Prior service cost (credit)		(16,723	)		(8,859	)		(488	)		(45	)
Net actuarial loss		299,852			311,128			73,404			71,906
Ending balance		283,129			302,269			72,916			71,861

The accumulated benefit obligations for all defined benefit pension plans were as follows:

	Japanese plans				Foreign plans
	Yen in millions				Yen in millions
	March 31				March 31
	2018		2019		2018		2019
Accumulated benefit obligations		1,005,557		1,029,910		340,353		336,185

The projected benefit obligations, the accumulated benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets for pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows:

	Japanese plans				Foreign plans
	Yen in millions				Yen in millions
	March 31				March 31
	2018		2019		2018		2019
Projected benefit obligations		998,629		1,022,235		301,046		200,596
Accumulated benefit obligations		993,612		1,017,191		293,834		196,928
Fair value of plan assets		695,706		726,009		215,510		123,937

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of March 31, 2018 and 2019 were as follows:

	Japanese plans						Foreign plans
	March 31						March 31
	2018			2019			2018			2019
Discount rate		0.8	%		0.6	%		2.9	%		2.8	%
Rate of compensation increase		*			*			2.6			2.3

* Substantially all of Sony’s Japanese pension plans were point-based. Point-based plans do not incorporate a measure of compensation rate increases.

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine the net periodic benefit costs for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were as follows:

	Japanese plans									Foreign plans
	Fiscal year ended March 31									Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019			2017			2018			2019
Discount rate		0.6	%		0.9	%		0.8	%		3.2	%		3.1	%		2.9	%
Expected return on plan assets		2.7			2.4			2.6			4.8			4.6			4.4
Rate of compensation increase		*			*			*			2.8			2.4			2.6

* Substantially all of Sony’s Japanese pension plans were point-based. Point-based plans do not incorporate a measure of compensation rate increases.

Sony reviews these assumptions for changes in circumstances.

The weighted-average rate of compensation increase is calculated based only on the pay-related plans. The point-based plans discussed above are excluded from the calculation because payments made under the plan are not based on employee compensation.

The mortality rate assumptions are based on life expectancy and death rates for different types of participants.

To determine the expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets, Sony considers the current and expected asset allocations, as well as the historical and expected long-term rates of returns on various categories of plan assets. Sony’s pension investment policy recognizes the expected growth and the variability risk associated with the long-term nature of pension liabilities, the returns and risks of diversification across asset classes, and the correlation among assets. The asset allocations are designed to maximize returns consistent with levels of liquidity and investment risk that are considered prudent and reasonable. While the pension investment policy gives appropriate consideration to recent market performance and historical returns, the investment assumptions utilized by Sony are designed to achieve a long-term return consistent with the long-term nature of the corresponding pension liabilities.

The investment objectives of Sony’s plan assets are designed to generate returns that will enable the plans to meet their future obligations. The precise amount for which these obligations will be settled depends on future events, including the retirement dates and life expectancy of the plans’ participants. The obligations are estimated using actuarial assumptions, based on the current economic environment and other pertinent factors. Sony’s investment strategy balances the requirement to generate returns, using potentially higher yielding assets such as equity securities, with the need to control risk in the portfolio with less volatile assets, such as fixed-income securities. Risks include, among others, inflation, volatility in equity values and changes in interest rates that could negatively impact the funding level of the plans, thereby increasing its dependence on contributions from Sony. To mitigate any potential concentration risk, thorough consideration is given to balancing the portfolio among industry sectors and geographies, taking into account interest rate sensitivity, dependence on economic growth, currency and other factors that affect investment returns. The target allocations as of March 31, 2019, are, as a result of Sony’s asset liability management, 30% of equity securities, 51% of fixed income securities and 19% of other investments for the pension plans of Sony Corporation and most of its subsidiaries in Japan, and, on a weighted average basis, 22% of equity securities, 53% of fixed income securities and 25% of other investments for the pension plans of foreign subsidiaries.

The fair values of the assets held by Japanese and foreign plans, which are classified in accordance with the fair value hierarchy described in Note 2, are as follows:

	Japanese plans
	Yen in millions
	Fair value at March 31, 2018		Fair value measurements using inputs considered as
Asset class			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash and cash equivalents		9,446		9,446		—		—
Equity:
Equity securities*1		138,443		134,091		4,352		—
Fixed income:
Government bonds*2		225,879		—		225,879		—
Corporate bonds*3		79,323		—		79,323		—
Asset-backed securities*4		121		—		121		—
Commingled funds*5		122,950		—		122,950		—
Commodity funds*6		21,136		—		21,136		—
Private equity*7		24,144		—		—		24,144
Hedge funds*8		70,204		—		—		70,204
Real estate and other*9		19,431		—		—		19,431
Total		711,077		143,537		453,761		113,779

	Japanese plans
	Yen in millions
	Fair value at March 31, 2019		Fair value measurements using inputs considered as
Asset class			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash and cash equivalents		10,689		10,689		—		—
Equity:								—
Equity securities*1		140,559		135,713		4,846		—
Fixed income:								—
Government bonds*2		210,817		—		210,817		—
Corporate bonds*3		97,519		—		97,519		—
Asset-backed securities*4		1,537		—		1,537		—
Commingled funds*5		138,455		—		138,455		—
Commodity funds*6		21,674		—		21,674		—
Private equity*7		27,956		—		—		27,956
Hedge funds*8		71,606		—		—		71,606
Real estate and other*9		21,392		—		—		21,392
Total		742,204		146,402		474,848		120,954

*1 Includes approximately 52 percent and 51 percent of Japanese equity securities, and 48 percent and 49 percent of foreign equity securities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

*2 Includes approximately 49 percent and 48 percent of debt securities issued by Japanese national and local governments, and 51 percent and 52 percent of debt securities issued by foreign national and local governments for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

*3 Includes debt securities issued by Japanese and foreign corporation and government related agencies.

*4 Includes primarily mortgage-backed securities.

*5 Commingled funds represent pooled institutional investments, including primarily investment trusts. They include approximately 51 percent and 50 percent of investments in equity, 48 percent and 49 percent of investments in fixed income, and 1 percent and 1 percent of investments in other for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

*6 Represents commodity futures funds.

*7 Includes multiple private equity funds of funds that primarily invest in venture, buyout, and distressed markets in the United States and Europe.

*8 Includes primarily funds that invest in a portfolio of a broad range of hedge funds to diversify the risks and reduce the volatilities associated with a single hedge fund.

*9 Includes primarily private real estate investment trusts.

	Foreign plans
	Yen in millions
	Fair value at March 31, 2018		Fair value measurements using inputs considered as
Asset class			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash and cash equivalents		2,377		2,377		—		—
Equity:
Equity securities*1		30,916		29,814		1,102		—
Fixed income:
Government bonds*2		78,129		—		78,129		—
Corporate bonds*3		26,424		—		21,121		5,303
Asset-backed securities		960		—		960		—
Insurance contracts*4		18,670		—		5,941		12,729
Commingled funds*5		75,785		—		75,785		—
Real estate and other*6		36,484		—		10,508		25,976
Total		269,745		32,191		193,546		44,008

	Foreign plans
	Yen in millions
	Fair value at March 31, 2019		Fair value measurements using inputs considered as
Asset class			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash and cash equivalents		4,340		4,340		—		—
Equity:
Equity securities*1		23,766		23,113		653		—
Fixed income:
Government bonds*2		84,761		—		84,761		—
Corporate bonds*3		32,749		—		32,749		—
Asset-backed securities		1,115		—		1,115		—
Insurance contracts*4		18,308		—		5,814		12,494
Commingled funds*5		76,503		—		76,503		—
Real estate and other*6		33,207		—		11,118		22,089
Total		274,749		27,453		212,713		34,583

*1 Includes primarily foreign equity securities.

*2 Includes primarily foreign government debt securities.

*3 Includes primarily foreign corporate debt securities.

*4 Represents annuity contracts with or without profit sharing.

*5 Commingled funds represent pooled institutional investments including mutual funds, common trust funds, and collective investment funds. They are primarily comprised of foreign equities and fixed income investments.

*6 Includes primarily private real estate investment trusts.

Each level in the fair value hierarchy in which each plan asset is classified is determined based on inputs used to measure the fair values of the asset, and does not necessarily indicate the risks or rating of the asset.

The following is a description of the valuation techniques used to measure Japanese and foreign plan assets at fair value. The valuation techniques are applied consistently from period to period.

Equity securities are valued at the closing price reported in the active market in which the individual securities are traded. These assets are generally classified as level 1.

The fair value of fixed income securities is typically estimated using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or discounted cash flows and are generally classified as level 2.

Commingled funds are typically valued using the net asset value provided by the administrator of the fund and reviewed by Sony. The net asset value is based on the value of the underlying assets owned by the fund, minus liabilities and divided by the number of shares or units outstanding. These assets are classified as level 1, level 2 or level 3 depending on availability of quoted market prices.

Commodity funds are valued using inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. These assets are generally classified as level 2.

Private equity and private real estate investment trust valuations require significant judgment due to the absence of quoted market prices, the inherent lack of liquidity and the long-term nature of such assets. These assets are initially valued at cost and are reviewed periodically utilizing available and relevant market data to determine if the carrying value of these assets should be adjusted. These investments are classified as level 3.

Hedge funds are valued using the net asset value as determined by the administrator or custodian of the fund. These investments are classified as level 3.

The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair values of Japanese and foreign plans’ level 3 assets for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019:

	Japanese plans
	Yen in millions
	Fair value measurement using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
	Private equity			Hedge funds		Real estate and other		Total
Beginning balance at April 1, 2017		21,790			67,235		17,925		106,950
Return on assets held at end of year		1,483			636		425		2,544
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net		871			2,333		1,081		4,285
Ending balance at March 31, 2018		24,144			70,204		19,431		113,779
Return on assets held at end of year		4,428			659		1,622		6,709
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net		(616	)		743		339		466
Ending balance at March 31, 2019		27,956			71,606		21,392		120,954

	Foreign plans
	Yen in millions
	Fair value measurement using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
	Insurance contracts			Corporate bonds			Real estate and other			Total
Beginning balance at April 1, 2017		—			6,926			22,929			29,855
Return on assets held at end of year		—			—			1,101			1,101
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net		12,651			(1,256	)		12			11,407
Transfers, net		—			—			1,181			1,181
Other*		78			(367	)		753			464
Ending balance at March 31, 2018		12,729			5,303			25,976			44,008
Return on assets held at end of year		736			—			559			1,295
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net		(389	)		—			(3,809	)		(4,198	)
Transfers, net		—			(5,540	)		123			(5,417	)
Other*		(582	)		237			(760	)		(1,105	)
Ending balance at March 31, 2019		12,494			—			22,089			34,583

* Primarily consists of translation adjustments.

Sony makes contributions to its defined benefit pension plans as deemed appropriate by management after considering the fair value of plan assets, expected return on plan assets and the present value of benefit obligations. Sony expects to contribute approximately 10 billion yen to the Japanese plans and approximately 8 billion yen to the foreign plans during the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020.

The expected future benefit payments are as follows:

	Japanese plans		Foreign plans
Fiscal year ending March 31	Yen in millions		Yen in millions
2020		41,345		17,972
2021		40,700		17,892
2022		42,487		18,138
2023		43,740		18,896
2024		46,345		19,441
2025 — 2029		238,416		107,668

(2) Defined contribution plans

Total defined contribution expenses for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017		2018		2019
Japanese plans		3,412		3,237		3,353
Foreign plans		10,458		11,379		11,602

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Stockholders' equity

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' equity

16. Stockholders’ equity

(1) Common stock

Changes in the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 have resulted from the following:

	Number of shares
Balance at March 31, 2016		1,262,493,760
Exercise of stock acquisition rights		1,269,900
Balance at March 31, 2017		1,263,763,660
Issuance of new shares		218,000
Exercise of stock acquisition rights		2,565,700
Conversion of convertible bonds		4,789
Balance at March 31, 2018		1,266,552,149
Issuance of new shares		149,900
Exercise of stock acquisition rights		4,525,300
Conversion of convertible bonds		2,992
Balance at March 31, 2019		1,271,230,341

At March 31, 2019, 36,179,258 shares of common stock would be issued upon the conversion or exercise of all convertible bonds and stock acquisition rights outstanding.

Conversions of convertible bonds into common stock are accounted for in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act of Japan (Kaishaho) and related regulations (collectively the “Companies Act”) by crediting approximately one-half of the conversion proceeds to the common stock account and the remainder to the additional paid-in capital account.

Sony Corporation may purchase its own shares at any time by a resolution of the Board of Directors up to the retained earnings available for dividends to shareholders, in accordance with the Companies Act. No common stock had been acquired by a resolution of the Board of Directors during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017 and 2018.

Sony’s Board of Directors resolved and authorized the repurchase of shares of its own common stock pursuant to the Companies Act at the meeting of the Board of Directors held on February 8, 2019. During the year ended March 31, 2019, Sony repurchased 19,309,100 shares of its common stock for an amount of 100,000 million yen under the above resolution.

(2) Retained earnings

The amount of statutory retained earnings of Sony Corporation available for dividends to shareholders as of March 31, 2019 was 541,928 million yen. The appropriation of retained earnings for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, including cash dividends for the six-month period ended March 31, 2019, has been incorporated in the consolidated financial statements. This appropriation of retained earnings was approved at the meeting of the Board of Directors of Sony Corporation held on April 26, 2019 and was then recorded in the statutory books of account, in accordance with the Companies Act.

Retained earnings include Sony’s equity in undistributed earnings of affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method in the amount of 37,859 million yen and 46,477 million yen at March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

(3) Other comprehensive income

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, by component for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Unrealized gains (losses) on securities			Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments			Pension liability adjustment			Foreign currency translation adjustments			Total
Balance at March 31, 2016		140,736			(1,198	)		(371,739	)		(421,117	)		(653,318	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		(27,007	)		5,028			54,513			(17,988	)		14,546
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income		(3,286	)		(3,888	)		8,719			—			1,545
Net other comprehensive income		(30,293	)		1,140			63,232			(17,988	)		16,091
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(16,192	)		—			229			(2,495	)		(18,458	)
Balance at March 31, 2017		126,635			(58	)		(308,736	)		(436,610	)		(618,769	)

	Yen in millions
	Unrealized gains (losses) on securities			Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments			Pension liability adjustment			Foreign currency translation adjustments			Total
Balance at March 31, 2017		126,635			(58	)		(308,736	)		(436,610	)		(618,769	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		2,013			(2,295	)		1,779			(4,480	)		(2,983	)
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income*		(943	)		1,111			10,611			(1,855	)		8,924
Net other comprehensive income		1,070			(1,184	)		12,390			(6,335	)		5,941
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		1,514			—			98			2,306			3,918
Balance at March 31, 2018		126,191			(1,242	)		(296,444	)		(445,251	)		(616,746	)

	Yen in millions
	Unrealized gains (losses) on securities			Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments			Pension liability adjustment			Foreign currency translation adjustments			Total
Balance at March 31, 2018		126,191			(1,242	)		(296,444	)		(445,251	)		(616,746	)
Cumulative effect of ASU2016-01		(15,526	)		—			—			—			(15,526	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		33,124			2,316			(23,448	)		10,071			22,063
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income*		161			(1,093	)		9,488			(1,627	)		6,929
Net other comprehensive income		33,285			1,223			(13,960	)		8,444			28,992
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		8,915			—			53			(1,578	)		7,390
Balance at March 31, 2019		135,035			(19	)		(310,457	)		(435,229	)		(610,670	)

* Foreign currency translation adjustments were transferred from accumulated other comprehensive income to net income as a result of a complete or substantially complete liquidation or sale of certain foreign subsidiaries and affiliates.

Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were as follows:

	Yen in millions
Comprehensive income components	Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income									Affected line items in consolidated statements of income
	2017			2018			2019
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities		(4,560	)		(646	)		235		Financial services revenue
		(30	)		(561	)		—		Gain on sale of securities investments, net
Total before tax		(4,590	)		(1,207	)		235
Tax expense or (benefit)		1,304			264			(74	)
Net of tax		(3,286	)		(943	)		161
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments		(5,583	)		1,111			(1,093	)	Cost of sales
Total before tax		(5,583	)		1,111			(1,093	)
Tax expense or (benefit)		1,695			—			—
Net of tax		(3,888	)		1,111			(1,093	)
Pension liability adjustment		13,044			11,034			9,891		*
Tax expense or (benefit)		(4,325	)		(423	)		(403	)
Net of tax		8,719			10,611			9,488
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—			(1,855	)		(1,627	)	Foreign exchange loss, net and other operating (income) expense, net
Tax expense or (benefit)		—			—			—
Net of tax		—			(1,855	)		(1,627	)
Total amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax		1,545			8,924			6,929

* The amortization of pension and postretirement benefit components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. Refer to Note 15.

(4) Equity transactions with noncontrolling interests

Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders and transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interests for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders		73,289			490,794			916,271
Transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interests:
Decrease in additional paid-in capital for purchase of additional shares in consolidated subsidiaries		(53,927	)		(74	)		(22,775	)
Change from net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders and transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interests		19,362			490,720			893,496

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, Sony obtained full ownership of its U.S.-based music publishing subsidiary by acquiring the 50% interest in the subsidiary held by the Estate of Michael Jackson (the “Estate”). The aggregate cash consideration paid to the Estate was 750 million U.S. dollars. The difference between the cash consideration paid and the decrease in the carrying amount of the noncontrolling interests was recognized as a decrease to additional paid-in capital of 70,730 million yen.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony acquired from the Estate the 25.1% interest in Nile Acquisition LLC (“Nile”) held by the Estate. A total of 287.5 million U.S. dollars was paid to the Estate for the acquisition. The difference between the cash consideration paid and the carrying amount of the noncontrolling interests was recognized as a decrease to additional paid-in capital of 295.9 million U.S. dollars. As a result of the acquisition, Nile became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony.

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Stock-based compensation plans

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Stock-based compensation plans

17. Stock-based compensation plans

The stock-based compensation expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 was 2,737 million yen, 5,249 million yen and 5,499 million yen, respectively. The total cash received from exercises under all of the stock-based compensation plans during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 was 2,730 million yen, 7,129 million yen and 12,757 million yen, respectively. Sony issued new shares upon exercise of these rights.

Sony has a stock-based compensation incentive plan for selected directors, corporate executive officers and employees in the form of a stock acquisition rights plan. The stock acquisition rights generally have three year graded vesting schedules and are exercisable up to ten years from the date of grant.

The weighted-average fair value per share at the date of grant of stock acquisition rights granted during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 was 1,291 yen, 2,045 yen and 1,593 yen, respectively. The fair value of stock acquisition rights granted on the date of grant and used to recognize compensation expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Weighted-average assumptions
Risk-free interest rate		1.10	%		1.14	%		1.37	%
Expected lives		6.83	years		6.55	years		5.98	years
Expected volatility*		40.00	%		38.49	%		32.52	%
Expected dividends		0.66	%		0.40	%		0.35	%

* Expected volatility was based on the historical volatilities of Sony Corporation’s common stock over the expected life of the stock acquisition rights.

A summary of the activities regarding the stock acquisition rights plan during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 is as follows:

	Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
	Number of shares		Weighted- average exercise price		Weighted- average remaining life		Total intrinsic value
			Yen		Years		Yen in millions
Outstanding at beginning of the fiscal year		14,005,900		3,017
Granted		2,907,300		5,108
Exercised		4,525,300		2,819
Forfeited or expired		174,000		3,862
Outstanding at end of the fiscal year		12,213,900		3,665		7.46		11,133
Exercisable at end of the fiscal year		5,820,800		2,855		5.84		9,867

The total intrinsic value of shares exercised under the stock acquisition rights plan during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 was 1,541 million yen, 6,970 million yen and 13,325 million yen, respectively.

As of March 31, 2019, there was 5,159 million yen of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested stock acquisition rights. This expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.94 years.

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Kumamoto Earthquake

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Unusual or Infrequent Items, or Both [Abstract]

Kumamoto Earthquake

18. Kumamoto Earthquake

In April 2016, a series of earthquakes occurred in the Kumamoto region of Japan. These earthquakes caused damage to certain fixed assets, including buildings, machinery and equipment, as well as inventories in manufacturing sites located in the Kumamoto region.

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, Sony incurred incremental losses and associated expenses including repair costs of fixed assets and a loss on disposal of inventories directly related to the damage caused by the earthquakes of 16,682 million yen. These losses and expenses were primarily recorded in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of income and were offset by insurance recoveries of 10,682 million yen, as described below. In addition, Sony incurred other expenses of 9,365 million yen, which included idle facility costs at manufacturing sites. These expenses were primarily recorded in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of income.

Sony has insurance policies that cover certain damage directly caused by the earthquakes for Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries, including damage at manufacturing sites. The insurance policies cover the damage and costs associated with fixed assets and inventories, as well as incremental expenses including removal and cleaning costs. These policies also provide business interruption coverage, including coverage for lost profits. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, Sony recorded insurance receivables of 10,682 million yen, representing a portion of the insurance recoveries that were deemed probable of collection up to the extent of the amount of corresponding losses recognized in the same period. Of the insurance receivables recorded during the period, substantially all relate to damaged assets and inventories, and do not include amounts for business interruption or lost profits. Sony concluded that the recoveries from insurance claims are probable based on the coverage under valid policies, communications with the insurance carriers, Sony’s past claims history with the insurance carriers, and Sony’s assessment that the insurance carriers have the financial ability to pay the claims. In March 2017, 10,000 million yen was agreed to by the insurance carriers. These receivables are recorded within other receivables, whereas the remaining receivables of 682 million yen is recorded in other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017.

Sony has underwritten 2,000 million yen in reinsurance policies for the above insurance carriers related to the policy described above. The amount was recorded in other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 and was paid to the insurance carriers in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.

In April 2017, the remaining insurance claims of 10,000 million yen that were mainly for business interruption coverage were agreed to by the carriers. As a result, the total amount of insurance recoveries paid to Sony in April 2017 was 20,000 million yen. 9,318 million yen, which was the difference between 20,000 million yen and 10,682 million yen as described above, was recorded in other operating revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. The proceeds from insurance recoveries were presented as cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.

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Revenue

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

19. Revenue

(1) Contract balances

Contract assets and contract liabilities are comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	April 1, 2018		March 31, 2019
Contract assets		15,241		19,147
Contract liabilities*		258,327		254,646

* Contract liabilities are included in the consolidated balance sheets as “Other”, both current and non-current.

Contract liabilities principally relate to customer advances received prior to performance. Revenues of 201,628 million yen were recognized during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, which were included in the balance of contract liabilities at April 1, 2018. Revenues of 49,223 million yen were recognized during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 from performance obligations satisfied prior to March 31, 2018.

(2) Performance obligations

Remaining (unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied) performance obligations represent future revenues not yet recorded for firm orders that have not yet been performed. Sony applies practical expedients to exclude certain information about the remaining performance obligations, primarily related to contracts with an expected original duration of less than one year, and sales-based or usage-based royalty revenue on licenses of intellectual property. The following table shows the summary of the transaction prices allocated to remaining performance obligations that are unsatisfied at March 31, 2019, of which more than half are expected to be recognized within one year and substantially all within three years.

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2019
Pictures — Motion Pictures and Television Productions*1		476,197
Pictures — Media Networks		25,996
Music*2		93,783
Others		45,597

*1 For Motion Pictures and Television Productions in the Pictures segment, Sony has included all contracts regardless of duration.

*2 Amount included in the Music segment primarily consists of minimum royalty guarantees or fixed fees in contracts related to license revenue for ongoing access to an evolving library of content. These contracts also include sales-based or usage-based royalties that are excluded from the amount above, of which substantially all are recognized as revenue within three years.

(3) Contract costs

Contract costs are comprised as follows:

	Yen in millions
	April 1, 2018		March 31, 2019
Incremental costs of obtaining a contract		7,703		6,581

Sony applies practical expedients to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense if the amortization period of the asset that otherwise would have been recognized is one year or less. The amortization of 7,666 million yen was recognized during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are primarily recognized in the MC segment for the internet-related service business and amortized to expense over the contract period.

(4) Disaggregation of revenue

For the breakdown of sales and operating revenue by segments, product categories and geographies, refer to Note 29.

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Restructuring charges

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring charges

20. Restructuring charges

As part of its effort to improve the performance of the various businesses, Sony has undertaken a number of restructuring initiatives. Sony defines restructuring initiatives as activities initiated by Sony, which are designed to generate a positive impact on future profitability. These activities include exiting a business or product category, implementing a headcount reduction program, realignment of its manufacturing sites to low-cost areas, utilizing the services of third-party original equipment and design manufacturers (OEMs and ODMs), a review of its development and design structure, and the streamlining of its sales and administrative functions. The restructuring activities are generally short term in nature and are generally completed within one year of initiation.

The changes in the accrued restructuring charges for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 are as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Employee termination benefits			Non-cash write-downs and disposals, net*			Other associated costs			Total
Balance at March 31, 2016		22,531			—			11,735			34,266
Restructuring costs		9,854			42,717			7,142			59,713
Non-cash charges		—			(42,717	)		—			(42,717	)
Cash payments		(19,759	)		—			(8,871	)		(28,630	)
Adjustments		(992	)		—			(839	)		(1,831	)
Balance at March 31, 2017		11,634			—			9,167			20,801
Restructuring costs		18,999			2,233			1,147			22,379
Non-cash charges		—			(2,233	)		—			(2,233	)
Cash payments		(9,950	)		—			(6,352	)		(16,302	)
Adjustments		(1,197	)		—			226			(971	)
Balance at March 31, 2018		19,486			—			4,188			23,674
Restructuring costs		24,449			2,731			5,825			33,005
Non-cash charges		—			(2,731	)		—			(2,731	)
Cash payments		(19,150	)		—			(2,555	)		(21,705	)
Adjustments		955			—			(357	)		598
Balance at March 31, 2019		25,740			—			7,101			32,841

* Significant asset impairments excluded from restructuring charges are described in Note 13.

Total costs incurred in connection with these restructuring programs by segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 are as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31, 2017
	Employee termination benefits		Other associated costs*			Total net restructuring charges			Depreciation associated with restructured assets		Total
Game & Network Services		225		6			231			—		231
Music		2,116		1,474			3,590			—		3,590
Pictures		2,467		—			2,467			—		2,467
Home Entertainment & Sound		68		684			752			—		752
Imaging Products & Solutions		563		77			640			—		640
Mobile Communications		516		172			688			138		826
Semiconductors		4		(13	)		(9	)		—		(9	)
Financial Services		—		—			—			—		—
All Other and Corporate		3,895		47,459			51,354			364		51,718
Total		9,854		49,859			59,713			502		60,215

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018
	Employee termination benefits		Other associated costs*		Total net restructuring charges		Depreciation associated with restructured assets		Total
Game & Network Services		—		—		—		—		—
Music		6,358		272		6,630		—		6,630
Pictures		2,922		—		2,922		—		2,922
Home Entertainment & Sound		846		6		852		—		852
Imaging Products & Solutions		530		94		624		—		624
Mobile Communications		2,008		18		2,026		0		2,026
Semiconductors		28		—		28		—		28
Financial Services		—		—		—		—		—
All Other and Corporate		6,307		2,990		9,297		26		9,323
Total		18,999		3,380		22,379		26		22,405

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
	Employee termination benefits		Other associated costs*		Total net restructuring charges		Depreciation associated with restructured assets		Total
Game & Network Services		—		—		—		—		—
Music		2,991		201		3,192		—		3,192
Pictures		4,795		—		4,795		—		4,795
Home Entertainment & Sound		—		—		—		—		—
Imaging Products & Solutions		—		—		—		—		—
Mobile Communications		11,437		4,574		16,011		86		16,097
Semiconductors		—		—		—		—		—
Financial Services		—		—		—		—		—
All Other and Corporate		5,226		3,781		9,007		—		9,007
Total		24,449		8,556		33,005		86		33,091

* Other associated costs includes non-cash write-downs and disposals, net

Depreciation associated with restructured assets as used in the context of the disclosures regarding restructuring activities refers to the increase in depreciation expense caused by revising the useful life and the salvage value of depreciable fixed assets under an approved restructuring plan. Any impairment of the assets is recognized immediately in the period it is identified.

Retirement programs

Sony has undergone several headcount reduction programs to further reduce operating costs primarily in an effort to improve the performance of certain segments related to the Electronics business and reduce cost at the headquarters function. Through measures including the realignment of its manufacturing sites, a review of its development and design structure, and the streamlining of its sales and administrative functions, Sony has continued to implement a company-wide (including headquarters) rationalization. Sony intends to reallocate and optimize its workforce through programs including work reassignments and outplacements. The employee termination benefits costs in the above table are included in selling, general and administrative in the consolidated statements of income.

Music

In an effort to optimize the organization and improve the performance of the Music segment, Sony has implemented a number of restructuring initiatives targeting operating effectiveness and cost reduction. These activities resulted in restructuring charges primarily consisting of headcount reductions totaling 6,630 million yen and 3,192 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

Pictures

In an effort to optimize the organization and improve the performance of the Pictures segment, Sony has implemented a number of restructuring initiatives targeting operating effectiveness and cost reduction. These activities resulted in restructuring charges primarily consisting of headcount reductions totaling 4,795 million yen for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

MC

In an effort to improve the performance of the smartphone business in the MC segment, Sony has implemented a number of restructuring initiatives targeting profitability improvement. These activities resulted in restructuring charges primarily consisting of the closure and consolidation of manufacturing sites as well as sales offices overseas totaling 16,011 million yen for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

All Other and Corporate

As described in Note 26, Sony and Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. signed a binding definitive agreement on October 31, 2016 to transfer the Sony Group’s battery business to the Murata Group, which was completed on September 1, 2017. Sony classified certain assets and liabilities related to the battery business as held for sale and, as a result of the fair value valuation of these assets and liabilities, recorded impairment losses of 42,298 million yen in other operating (income) expense, net in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017.

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Supplemental consolidated statements of income information

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]

Supplemental consolidated statements of income information

21. Supplemental consolidated statements of income information

(1) Other operating (income) expense, net

Sony records transactions in other operating (income) expense, net due to either the nature of the transaction or in consideration of factors including the relationship to Sony’s core operations.

Other operating (income) expense, net is comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Gain on sale of Sony City Osaki*1		(4,914	)		(4,914	)		—
Gain on remeasurement of EMI shares*2		—			—			(116,939	)
Gain on sale and issuance of M3 shares*3		(37,167	)		(18	)		(61	)
(Gain) loss on purchase/sale of interests in subsidiaries and affiliates, net*4		(4,259	)		(29,595	)		(1,496	)
(Gain) loss on sale, disposal or impairment of assets, net*5		195,341			38,599			46,928
		149,001			4,072			(71,568	)

*1 A portion of gain on sale and leaseback transactions is deferred and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

*2 Refer to Notes 5 and 25.

*3 Refer to Note 5.

*4 Refer to Notes 25 and 26.

*5 Refer to Notes 9, 13, 20 and 26.

(2) Research and development costs

Research and development costs charged to cost of sales for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 447,456 million yen, 458,518 million yen and 481,202 million yen, respectively.

(3) Advertising costs

Advertising costs included in selling, general and administrative expenses for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 363,815 million yen, 407,106 million yen and 385,500 million yen, respectively.

(4) Shipping and handling costs

Shipping and handling costs for finished goods included in selling, general and administrative expenses for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 42,195 million yen, 46,252 million yen and 51,757 million yen, respectively, which included the internal transportation costs of finished goods.

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Income taxes

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income taxes

22. Income taxes

Domestic and foreign components of income before income taxes and the provision for current and deferred income taxes attributable to such income are summarized as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017		2018			2019
Income before income taxes:
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan		166,158		436,494			310,020
Foreign subsidiaries		85,461		262,555			701,628
		251,619		699,049			1,011,648
Income taxes — Current:
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan		49,739		69,697			82,081
Foreign subsidiaries		50,521		57,988			84,667
		100,260		127,685			166,748
Income taxes — Deferred:
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan		11,478		29,640			17,907
Foreign subsidiaries		12,320		(5,555	)		(139,557	)
		23,798		24,085			(121,650	)
Total income tax expense		124,058		151,770			45,098

A reconciliation of the differences between the Japanese statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate is as follows:

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Statutory tax rate		31.7	%		31.5	%		31.5	%
Non-deductible expenses		2.3			0.8			0.7
Income tax credits		(2.9	)		(0.6	)		(1.6	)
Change in statutory tax rate and law		0.3			(1.2	)		(0.3	)
Change in valuation allowances (other than the reversal of Sony Americas Holding Inc. (“SAHI”) and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group below)		7.3			(5.2	)		2.3
The reversal of valuation allowances of SAHI and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group		—			—			(15.3	)
Change in deferred tax liabilities on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures		(1.4	)		(0.8	)		(0.1	)
Lower tax rate applied to life and non-life insurance business in Japan		(2.2	)		(0.8	)		(0.5	)
Foreign income tax differential		(3.0	)		(2.6	)		(6.4	)
Adjustments to tax reserves		(1.1	)		(0.8	)		(0.3	)
Effect of equity in net income of affiliated companies		0.0			0.0			0.0
The remeasurement gain for the equity interest in EMI		—			—			(2.4	)
Impairment of goodwill in the Pictures segment		15.0			—			—
Other		3.3			1.4			(3.1	)
Effective income tax rate		49.3	%		21.7	%		4.5	%

In March 2016, the Japanese legislature enacted tax law changes which included further lowering of the national corporate tax rate, limiting the annual use of net operating loss carryforwards to 55% of taxable income for the period ended March 31, 2018, and to 50% of taxable income for periods beginning on or after April 1, 2018. As a result, the statutory tax rate from the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 onward will be approximately 31.5%. On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Tax Reform Act was signed into law, making significant changes to the U.S. tax rules. Changes include, but are not limited to, a corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective for tax years beginning January 1, 2018 and the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a modified territorial system, with a one-time mandatory transition tax on previously deferred foreign earnings of U.S. subsidiaries.

Sony is required to record the effects of a tax law change in the period of enactment; however, shortly after the enactment of the U.S. Tax Reform Act, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission staff issued SAB 118, which allows a company to record a provisional amount when it does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete its accounting for the change in the tax law. The measurement period ends when the company has obtained, prepared and analyzed the information necessary to finalize its accounting, but cannot extend beyond one year.

Sony calculated its best estimate of the impact of the U.S. Tax Reform Act in the March 31, 2018 income tax provision in accordance with its understanding of the U.S. Tax Reform Act and guidance available at that time. Sony has completed its accounting for all enactment date effects and no material adjustment was recorded to the provisional amount in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

In addition to lowering the statutory corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, the U.S. Tax Reform Act also eliminated certain deductions, included new restrictions on the deduction for interest, introduced a new tax regime called the Base Erosion Anti-Abuse Tax or “BEAT”, and changed how foreign earnings of the U.S. group are subject to tax. The U.S. Tax Reform Act also enhanced and extended the option to claim accelerated depreciation and amortization deductions by allowing full expensing of qualified property, including film costs, through 2022. The U.S. Tax Reform Act also provided for beneficial treatment of certain income derived by a U.S. entity from outside the United States (referred to as Foreign Derived Intangible Income or “FDII”).

The BEAT creates a minimum tax on multinational corporations by requiring companies subject to the BEAT to pay the greater of their regular tax liability (less certain credits, including foreign tax credits) or 10% for taxable years beginning in 2019 (6.25% for Sony’s fiscal year ended March 31. 2019) of a modified tax base which adds back certain related party payments. The BEAT comparison to regular tax must be done each year if the taxpayer’s “base erosion” related party payments exceed 3% of total deductions on its U.S. tax return. Sony expects to exceed the 3% threshold for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 based on current estimates available as of March 31, 2019. This threshold calculation will be finalized at the time of the filing of the tax return. If Sony exceeds the 3% threshold and is subject to the BEAT rules, Sony expects that its BEAT tax liability will exceed its regular tax liability as a result of the use of foreign tax credits to reduce its regular tax liability. Sony is required to account for BEAT as a period cost and to record deferred taxes at the regular statutory rate. Accordingly, Sony has recorded its U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities at 21%.

Sony provides a valuation allowance for its deferred tax assets, which includes net operating losses, temporary differences and tax credits, when it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of its deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income in the relevant tax jurisdiction. As of December 31, 2018, SAHI and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group has continued its profitable trend, primarily as a result of the G&NS segment and the Music segment. Based on an assessment of the available positive and negative evidence, in particular recent profit history and forecasted profitability, in the quarter ended December 31, 2018, Sony reversed the valuation allowances recorded against a significant portion of the deferred tax assets in the United States, primarily for net operating losses, temporary differences and certain tax credits, and recorded a tax benefit of 154,201 million yen.

The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018			2019
Deferred tax assets:
Operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes		439,206			413,494
Accrued pension and severance costs		106,161			103,652
Amortization including film costs		95,069			86,196
Warranty reserves and accrued expenses		104,410			108,515
Future insurance policy benefits		33,812			36,683
Inventory		15,792			19,716
Depreciation		43,353			34,638
Tax credit carryforwards		125,327			117,471
Reserve for doubtful accounts		8,534			9,136
Impairment of investments		14,146			12,278
Deferred revenue		14,478			19,081
Other		132,800			169,897
Gross deferred tax assets		1,133,088			1,130,757
Less: Valuation allowance		(899,835	)		(723,114	)
Total deferred tax assets		233,253			407,643
Deferred tax liabilities:
Insurance acquisition costs		(166,717	)		(169,244	)
Future insurance policy benefits		(167,058	)		(181,052	)
Unbilled accounts receivable in the Pictures segment		(63,196	)		(44,842	)
Unrealized gains on securities		(83,298	)		(75,573	)
Gain on equity securities		—			(33,082	)
Intangible assets acquired through stock exchange offerings		(23,949	)		(23,949	)
Intangible assets derived from EMI Music Publishing acquisition		—			(93,979	)
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures		(14,160	)		(15,758	)
Investment in M3		(35,802	)		(37,007	)
Other		(32,164	)		(62,092	)
Gross deferred tax liabilities		(586,344	)		(736,578	)
Net deferred tax liabilities		(353,091	)		(328,935	)

Based on the weight of the available positive and negative evidence, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony continued to maintain valuation allowances against the deferred tax assets at Sony Corporation and its national tax filing group in Japan, as well as at Sony Mobile Communications in Sweden, Sony Europe B.V. in the United Kingdom, certain subsidiaries in Brazil, and certain subsidiaries in other tax jurisdictions. Valuation allowances also continue to be recorded on the remaining U.S. deferred tax assets, primarily foreign tax credits, due to restrictions on the use of such assets and their relatively short remaining carryforward periods.

The net changes in the total valuation allowance were decreases of 3,894 million yen, 152,129 million yen and 176,721 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

The decrease in the valuation allowances during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 was primarily due to the use of net operating loss carryforwards for the national tax filing group in Japan.

The decrease in the valuation allowances during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 was primarily due to the use of net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets for both the national tax filing group in Japan and the consolidated tax filing group in the United States. The U.S. deferred tax assets were also reduced as a result of the reduction in the tax rate under the U.S. Tax Reform Act which had a corresponding reduction of the valuation allowance on those assets. In addition, valuation allowances were reversed in several jurisdictions, including France and Canada, as a result of sustained profitability.

The decrease in the valuation allowances during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 was due to the reversal of the valuation allowances on significant deferred tax assets in SAHI and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group and the use of net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets in the national tax filing group in Japan and other jurisdictions.

At March 31, 2019, 21,082 million yen of deferred income taxes have not been provided on undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures not expected to be remitted in the foreseeable future totaling 1,317,603 million yen. In addition, deferred income taxes have not been provided on the gain on the book/tax basis difference in subsidiaries, including a gain of 61,544 million yen on a subsidiary’s sale of stock arising from the issuance of common stock of Sony Music Entertainment (Japan) Inc. in a public offering to third parties in November 1991 and the remeasurement gain for the equity interest in EMI (Refer to Note 25). Sony does not anticipate any significant tax consequences on the possible future disposition of these investments based on its tax planning strategies.

At March 31, 2019, Sony had net operating loss carryforwards, the tax effect of which totaled 413,494 million yen, which may be available as an offset against future taxable income on tax returns to be filed in various tax jurisdictions. With the exception of 162,194 million yen with no expiration period, substantially all of the total net operating loss carryforwards expire at various dates between the fiscal years ending March 31, 2020 and 2024.

Tax credit carryforwards at March 31, 2019 amounted to 117,471 million yen. With the exception of 20,127 million yen with no expiration period, substantially all of the total available tax credit carryforwards expire at various dates between the fiscal years ending March 31, 2020 and 2029.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending gross amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Balance at beginning of the fiscal year		114,126			119,529			95,425
Reductions for tax positions of prior years		(558	)		(8,809	)		(31,396	)
Additions for tax positions of prior years		13,353			4,681			3,094
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year		8,231			5,740			2,594
Settlements		(8,300	)		(21,893	)		(4,235	)
Lapse in statute of limitations		(3,454	)		(3,469	)		(14,824	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(3,869	)		(354	)		(81	)
Balance at end of the fiscal year		119,529			95,425			50,577
Total net amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate		45,987			39,308			35,004

The major changes in the total gross amount of unrecognized tax benefit balances relate to transfer pricing adjustments, including as a result of the Bilateral Advance Pricing Agreements (“APAs”) and competent authority requests filed for certain subsidiaries in the G&NS, HE&S, IP&S, MC and Semiconductors segments and All Other, with respect to the intercompany cross-border transactions. The APAs include agreements between Sony and two taxing authorities under the authority of the mutual agreement procedure specified in income tax treaties. Sony reviews its estimated tax expense based on the progress made in these procedures, and the progress of transfer pricing audits generally, and makes adjustments to its estimates as necessary. In addition, the APAs are government to government negotiations, and therefore it is possible that the final outcomes of the agreements may differ from Sony’s current assessment of the more-likely-than-not outcomes of such agreements.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, Sony recorded 474 million yen of interest expense and reversed 597 million yen of penalties. At March 31, 2017, Sony had recorded liabilities of 9,735 million yen and 3,761 million yen for the payments of interest and penalties, respectively.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, Sony recorded 1,053 million yen of interest expense and 876 million yen of penalties. At March 31, 2018, Sony had recorded liabilities of 10,788 million yen and 4,637 million yen for the payments of interest and penalties, respectively.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony reversed 1,479 million yen of interest expense and recorded 218 million yen of penalties. At March 31, 2019, Sony had recorded liabilities of 9,309 million yen and 4,855 million yen for the payments of interest and penalties, respectively.

Sony operates in multiple jurisdictions throughout the world, and its tax returns are periodically audited by Japanese and foreign taxing authorities. As a result of audit settlements, the conclusion of current examinations, the expiration of the statute of limitations in several jurisdictions and other reevaluations of Sony’s tax positions, it is expected that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will change in the next twelve months. Accordingly, Sony believes it is reasonably possible that its existing unrecognized tax benefits may be reduced by an amount up to 1,639 million yen within the next twelve months.

Sony remains subject to examinations by Japanese taxing authorities for tax years from 2009 through 2018, and by the U.S. tax authorities for tax years from 2015 through 2018 and other material foreign taxing authorities for tax years from 2006 through 2018.

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Reconciliation of the differences between basic and diluted EPS

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Reconciliation of the differences between basic and diluted EPS

23. Reconciliation of the differences between basic and diluted EPS

Reconciliation of the differences between basic and diluted EPS for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 is as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017		2018		2019
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders for basic and diluted EPS computation		73,289		490,794		916,271
	Thousands of shares
Weighted-average shares outstanding		1,262,023		1,263,895		1,266,592
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock acquisition rights		2,358		4,565		4,088
Zero coupon convertible bonds		23,962		23,960		23,966
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS computation		1,288,343		1,292,420		1,294,646
	Yen
Basic EPS		58.07		388.32		723.41
Diluted EPS		56.89		379.75		707.74

Potential shares of common stock which were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 6,856 thousand shares, 2,921 thousand shares and 5,731 thousand shares, respectively. Potential shares related to stock acquisition rights were excluded as anti-dilutive for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 when the exercise price for those shares was in excess of the average market value of Sony’s common stock for those fiscal years. The zero coupon convertible bonds issued in July 2015 were included in the diluted EPS calculation under the if-converted method beginning upon issuance.

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Variable interest entities

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Variable interest entities

24. Variable interest entities

Sony has, from time to time, entered into various arrangements with VIEs. These arrangements include several joint ventures in the recorded music business, an equity investment in the music publishing business, the financing of film production and the outsourcing of manufacturing operations. In addition, Sony has entered into several accounts receivable sales programs that involve VIEs, which are described in Note 6. For the VIEs that are described below, it has been determined that Sony is the primary beneficiary and, accordingly, these VIEs are consolidated by Sony.

Sony’s U.S. subsidiary that is engaged in the recorded music business has entered into several joint ventures with companies involved in the production and creation of recorded music. Sony has reviewed these joint ventures and determined that they are VIEs. Based on a qualitative assessment, it was determined that Sony has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIEs’ economic performance, as well as the obligation to absorb the losses of these VIEs as Sony is responsible for providing funding to these VIEs, and in most cases absorbs all losses until the VIEs become profitable. As a result, it has been determined that Sony is the primary beneficiary. The assets of Sony are not available to settle the obligations of these VIEs. As of March 31, 2019, the total assets and liabilities for these VIEs, on an aggregate basis, were 47,700 million yen and 27,861 million yen, respectively.

As described in Note 6, certain accounts receivable sales programs also involve VIEs. These VIEs are all special purpose entities associated with the sponsor banks. Based on a qualitative assessment, Sony is not the primary beneficiary and therefore does not consolidate these entities as Sony does not have the power to direct the activities, an obligation to absorb losses, or the right to receive the residual returns of these VIEs. Sony’s maximum exposure to losses from these VIEs is considered insignificant.

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Acquisitions

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Acquisitions

25. Acquisitions

(1) TEN Sports Network acquisition

On February 28, 2017, Sony Pictures Networks India, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony, completed the first phase of a two-phase acquisition of the TEN Sports Network in a majority of the countries and territories where TEN Sports Network operates, including India, for total consideration of 39,106 million yen (346 million U.S. dollars), of which 37,298 million yen (330 million U.S. dollars) was paid during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 and the remaining 1,772 million yen (16 million U.S. dollars) was paid during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. On September 15, 2017, Sony Pictures Networks India completed the final phase of the acquisition for cash consideration of 2,316 million yen (21 million U.S. dollars).

As a result of the acquisition, Sony recorded 26,489 million yen (235 million U.S. dollars) of goodwill and 14,910 million yen (132 million U.S. dollars) of intangible assets. The cash consideration paid in this transaction, net of cash received, is included within Other in the investing activities section of the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effect of the acquisition was not material.

(2) EMI Music Publishing acquisition

On November 14, 2018, Sony Corporation of America, Sony’s wholly-owned subsidiary, completed the acquisition of the entirety of the approximately 60% equity interest held by the investor consortium led by the Mubadala Investment Company in DH Publishing, L.P. (“EMI”), which owned and managed EMI Music Publishing, for the equity purchase price of 257,168 million yen (2,269 million U.S. dollars), which includes payments related to warrants and management equity plans. Sony paid all the consideration in cash upon the acquisition. As a result of this acquisition, EMI has become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony. This acquisition allows Sony to build upon its music publishing library by providing the Company with full ownership of the EMI Music Publishing catalog which was being administered by Sony’s wholly-owned music publishing subsidiary, Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Sony’s consolidated income statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 include revenue and operating income of 28,871 million yen (260 million U.S. dollars) and 6,432 million yen (58 million U.S. dollars), respectively, attributable to EMI since the date of acquisition. Sony’s consolidated income statements for the three months ended March 31, 2019 include revenue and operating income of 18,420 million yen (167 million U.S. dollars) and 4,522 million yen (41 million U.S. dollars), respectively, attributable to EMI.

Prior to the acquisition, Sony’s interest in EMI was accounted for under the equity method of accounting. As a result of Sony obtaining a controlling interest in EMI, Sony consolidated EMI using the acquisition method of accounting and recorded the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities assumed and residual goodwill of EMI. Sony remeasured the approximately 40% equity interest in EMI that Sony already owned prior to the acquisition at a fair value of 141,141 million yen (1,245 million U.S. dollars) which resulted in the recognition of a non-cash gain of 116,939 million yen (1,032 million U.S. dollars) recorded in other operating income, net for the three months ended December 31, 2018. Sony did not record any tax expense or deferred tax liability corresponding to this gain. Sony also assumed EMI’s existing interest-bearing debt of 148,621 million yen (1,311 million U.S. dollars) as a result of this acquisition, of which 108,942 million yen (961 million U.S. dollars) was repaid immediately from Sony’s existing cash.

The following table summarizes the fair values assigned to the assets and liabilities of EMI that were recorded in the Music segment. The purchase price allocation as of the date of the acquisition is preliminary and is subject to revision as more detailed analyses are completed. The primary areas of the purchase price allocation that are not yet finalized are related to income taxes and the residual goodwill.

	Yen in millions
Cash and cash equivalents		12,971
Notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets		32,287
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		10,220
Securities investments and other		1,476
Intangibles, net		420,534
Goodwill		237,271
Other		10,023
Total assets		724,782
Notes and accounts payable, trade		1,731
Accounts payable, other and accrued expenses		70,675
Accrued income and other taxes		3,082
Long-term debt		148,621
Accrued pension and severance costs		1,947
Deferred income taxes		94,849
Other		5,564
Total liabilities		326,469

Intangibles mainly consists of music publishing catalogs with weighted average amortization periods of 43 years. Goodwill represents unidentifiable intangible assets, such as future growth from new revenue streams and synergies with existing Sony assets and businesses, and is calculated as the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and is not deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill recorded in connection with this acquisition is included in the Music segment.

The following unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of Sony and EMI as though the acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018:

	Yen in millions, Yen per share amounts
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2018		2019
Net sales		8,612,280		8,738,209
Operating income		854,786		801,973
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders		584,019		817,629
Per share data:
— Basic EPS		462.08		645.53
— Diluted EPS		451.88		631.55

The unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information is based on estimates and assumptions, which Sony believes are reasonable, and is not intended to represent or be indicative of what Sony’s consolidated net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders would have been had the acquisition been completed at the beginning of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 and should not be taken as indicative of Sony’s future consolidated net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders. The unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information includes the elimination of equity in net income and consolidation of EMI, the adjustment of the gain from the remeasurement of the previously owned equity interest, incremental intangible asset amortization, net of the related tax effects and the adjustments of expenses incurred in relation to warrants and management equity plans.

(3) Other acquisitions

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, Sony completed other acquisitions for total consideration of 12,409 million yen which were paid for primarily in cash and there was no material contingent consideration subject to future change. As a result of these acquisitions, Sony recorded 12,384 million yen of goodwill and 7,073 million yen of intangible assets.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, Sony completed other acquisitions for total consideration of 27,459 million yen which were paid for primarily in cash and there was no material contingent consideration subject to future change. As a result of these acquisitions, Sony recorded 20,013 million yen of goodwill and 4,980 million yen of intangible assets.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony completed other acquisitions for total consideration of 7,743 million yen which were paid for primarily in cash and there was no material contingent consideration subject to future change. As a result of these acquisitions, Sony recorded 5,773 million yen of goodwill and 4,422 million yen of intangible assets.

No significant amounts have been allocated to in-process research and development and all of the entities described above have been consolidated into Sony’s results of operations since their respective acquisition dates. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effects of other acquisitions, individually and in aggregate, were not material.

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Divestitures

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Divestitures

26. Divestitures

(1) Battery business

On October 31, 2016, Sony and Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. signed a binding definitive agreement to transfer the Sony Group’s battery business to the Murata Group which was completed on September 1, 2017. Sony classified certain assets and liabilities related to the battery business as held for sale and, as a result of the fair value valuation of these assets and liabilities, recorded impairment losses of 42,298 million yen in other operating (income) expense, net in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017.

(2) Sale of equity interest in Sony Electronics Huanan Co., Ltd.

On April 1, 2017, Sony transferred all of the equity interest in Sony Electronics Huanan Co., Ltd. (“SEH”), a wholly-owned subsidiary in the Semiconductors segment that manufactures camera modules, to Shen Zhen O-Film Tech Co., Ltd. The consideration for the transfer is approximately 234 million U.S. dollars, including the assumption of SEH’s debt and the sales price of approximately 95 million U.S. dollars. As the result of the transfer, Sony recognized a gain on transfer totaling 28,262 million yen in other operating (income) expense, net in the consolidated statement of income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.

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Collaborative arrangements

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Collaborative arrangements

27. Collaborative arrangements

Sony’s collaborative arrangements primarily relate to arrangements entered into, through subsidiaries in the Pictures segment, with one or more active participants to jointly finance, produce and/or distribute motion pictures or television programming under which both the subsidiaries and the other active participants share in the risks and rewards of ownership. These arrangements are referred to as co-production and distribution arrangements.

Sony typically records an asset for only the portion of the motion pictures or television programming it owns and finances. Sony and the other participants typically distribute the product in different media or markets. Revenues earned and expenses incurred for the media or markets in which Sony distributes the product are typically recorded on a gross basis. Sony typically does not record revenues earned and expenses incurred when the other participants distribute the product. Sony and the other participants typically share in the profits from the distribution of the product in all media or markets. For motion pictures, if Sony is a net receiver of (1) Sony’s share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by the other participants less (2) the other participants’ share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by Sony then the net amount is recorded as net sales. If Sony is a net payer then the net amount is recorded in cost of sales. For television programming, Sony records its share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by the other participants as sales, and the other participants’ share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by Sony as cost of sales.

For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, 44,124 million yen, 49,547 million yen and 42,343 million yen, respectively, were recorded as net sales for amounts due from the other participants and 29,594 million yen, 24,280 million yen and 22,702 million yen, respectively, were recorded as cost of sales for amounts owed to the other participants in these collaborative arrangements.

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Commitments, contingent liabilities and other

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments, contingent liabilities and other

28. Commitments, contingent liabilities and other

(1) Loan commitments

Subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment have entered into loan agreements with their customers in accordance with the condition of the contracts. As of March 31, 2019, the total unused portion of the lines of credit extended under these contracts was 27,553 million yen. Based upon the information currently available, it is not possible to estimate the aggregate amounts of future year-by-year payments for these loan commitments.

(2) Purchase commitments and other

Purchase commitments and other outstanding as of March 31, 2019 amounted to 593,338 million yen. The major components of these commitments are as follows:

Certain subsidiaries in the Pictures segment have entered into agreements with creative talent for the development and production of motion pictures and television programming as well as agreements with third parties to acquire completed motion pictures, or certain rights therein, and to acquire the rights to broadcast certain live action sporting events. These agreements cover various periods mainly within three years. As of March 31, 2019, these subsidiaries were committed to make payments under such contracts of 94,871 million yen.

Certain subsidiaries in the Music segment have entered into contracts with recording artists, songwriters and companies for the future production, distribution and/or licensing of music product. These contracts cover various periods mainly within six years. As of March 31, 2019, these subsidiaries were committed to make payments of 112,578 million yen under such contracts.

A subsidiary in the G&NS segment has entered into contracts for programming content. These contracts cover various periods mainly within a year. As of March 31, 2019, this subsidiary was committed to make payments of 11,027 million yen under such contracts.

Sony has entered into purchase contracts for fixed assets. As of March 31, 2019, Sony has committed to make payments of 164,174 million yen under such contracts.

Sony has entered into purchase contracts for materials. As of March 31, 2019, Sony has committed to make payments of 125,164 million yen under such contracts.

Sony has entered into sponsorship contracts related to advertising and promotional rights. These contracts cover various periods mainly within two years. As of March 31, 2019, Sony has committed to make payments of 10,132 million yen under such contracts.

The schedule of the aggregate amounts of year-by-year payment of purchase commitments during the next five fiscal years and thereafter is as follows:

Fiscal year ending March 31	Yen in millions
2020		344,417
2021		82,600
2022		55,492
2023		40,349
2024		26,387
Later fiscal years		44,093
Total		593,338

(3) Litigation

Beginning in 2009, the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”), the European Commission and certain other governmental agencies outside the United States have conducted investigations relating to competition in the optical disk drives market. Sony Corporation and/or certain of its subsidiaries have been subject to these investigations. Sony understands that these investigations have ended. However, proceedings initiated by the European Commission as a result of its investigation continue. In October 2015, the European Commission adopted a decision in which it fined Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries 31 million euros; however, Sony filed an appeal against the decision with the European Union’s General Court. In addition, a number of direct and indirect purchaser lawsuits, including class actions, have been filed in certain jurisdictions in which the plaintiffs allege that Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries violated antitrust laws and seek recovery of damages and other remedies. Most of these lawsuits have been settled, including the class actions brought by the direct and indirect purchasers in the United States; however, certain lawsuits continue. Based on the stage of the pending proceedings, it is not possible to estimate the amount of losses or range of possible losses, if any, that might ultimately result from adverse judgments, settlements or other resolution of all of these matters.

Since 2011, in relation to the secondary batteries business that was operated by Sony and certain of its subsidiaries, a number of direct and indirect purchaser lawsuits, including class actions, have been filed in certain jurisdictions in which the plaintiffs allege that Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries violated antitrust laws and seek recovery of damages and other remedies. Most of these lawsuits have been settled, including the class actions brought by the direct and indirect purchasers in the United States; however, certain lawsuits are still pending. Based on the stage of the pending proceedings, it is not possible to estimate the amount of losses or range of possible losses, if any, that might ultimately result from adverse judgments, settlements or other resolution of all of these matters.

In addition, Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries are defendants or otherwise involved in other pending legal and regulatory proceedings. However, based upon the information currently available, Sony believes that the outcome from such legal and regulatory proceedings would not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

(4) Guarantees

Sony has issued guarantees that contingently require payments to guaranteed parties if certain specified events or conditions occur. The maximum potential amount of future payments under these guarantees as of March 31, 2019 amounted to 2,531 million yen.

In addition to the above, Sony also issues contractual product warranties under which it generally guarantees the performance of products delivered and services rendered for a certain period or term. The changes in the product warranty liability for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 are as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Balance at beginning of the fiscal year		64,450			57,694			44,717
Additional liabilities for warranties		51,465			32,179			23,041
Settlements (in cash or in kind)		(47,922	)		(30,570	)		(26,326	)
Changes in estimate for pre-existing warranty reserve		(8,120	)		(16,802	)		(7,370	)
Translation adjustments		(2,179	)		2,216			(1,057	)
Balance at end of the fiscal year		57,694			44,717			33,005

The consideration received for extended warranty service, which is not a significant portion of the warranty activities provided by Sony, is excluded from the amounts in the table above.

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Business segment information

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Business segment information

29. Business segment information

The reportable segments presented below are the segments of Sony for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit or loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The CODM does not evaluate segments using discrete asset information. Sony’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer and President.

The G&NS segment includes network services businesses, the manufacture and sales of home gaming products and production and sales of software. The Music segment includes Recorded Music, Music Publishing and Visual Media and Platform businesses. The Pictures segment includes Motion Pictures, Television Productions and Media Networks businesses. The HE&S segment includes Televisions as well as Audio and Video businesses. The IP&S segment includes the Still and Video Cameras business. The MC segment includes the manufacture and sales of mobile phones and an internet-related service business. The Semiconductors segment includes the image sensors business. The Financial Services segment primarily represents individual life insurance and non-life insurance businesses in the Japanese market and the banking business in Japan. All Other consists of various operating activities, including the overseas disc manufacturing and recording media businesses. Sony’s products and services are generally unique to a single operating segment.

Segment sales and operating revenue:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Sales and operating revenue:
Game & Network Services —
Customers		1,581,568			1,848,298			2,224,622
Intersegment		68,231			95,514			86,250
Total		1,649,799			1,943,812			2,310,872
Music —
Customers		630,767			784,792			795,025
Intersegment		16,891			15,203			12,464
Total		647,658			799,995			807,489
Pictures —
Customers		901,230			1,010,173			985,270
Intersegment		1,899			894			1,603
Total		903,129			1,011,067			986,873
Home Entertainment & Sound —
Customers		1,034,215			1,221,734			1,154,533
Intersegment		4,789			999			878
Total		1,039,004			1,222,733			1,155,411
Imaging Products & Solutions —
Customers		571,499			647,163			661,304
Intersegment		8,134			8,729			9,146
Total		579,633			655,892			670,450
Mobile Communications —
Customers		752,688			713,916			487,330
Intersegment		6,457			9,826			10,670
Total		759,145			723,742			498,000
Semiconductors—
Customers		659,779			726,892			770,622
Intersegment		113,344			123,118			108,708
Total		773,123			850,010			879,330
Financial Services —
Customers		1,080,284			1,221,235			1,274,708
Intersegment		7,220			7,142			7,831
Total		1,087,504			1,228,377			1,282,539
All Other —
Customers		375,116			351,527			299,806
Intersegment		75,334			55,647			45,931
Total		450,450			407,174			345,737
Corporate and elimination		(286,195	)		(298,820	)		(271,014	)
Consolidated total		7,603,250			8,543,982			8,665,687

G&NS intersegment amounts primarily consist of transactions with All Other. Semiconductors intersegment amounts primarily consist of transactions with the G&NS segment, the IP&S segment and the MC segment. All Other intersegment amounts primarily consist of transactions with the G&NS segment, the Music segment and the Pictures segment. Corporate and elimination includes certain brand and patent royalty income.

Segment profit or loss:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Operating income (loss):
Game & Network Services		135,553			177,478			311,092
Music		75,798			127,786			232,487
Pictures		(80,521	)		41,110			54,599
Home Entertainment & Sound		58,504			85,841			89,669
Imaging Products & Solutions		47,257			74,924			83,975
Mobile Communications		10,164			(27,636	)		(97,136	)
Semiconductors		(7,811	)		164,023			143,874
Financial Services		166,424			178,947			161,477
All Other		(29,585	)		(23,530	)		(11,127	)
Total		375,783			798,943			968,910
Corporate and elimination		(87,081	)		(64,083	)		(74,675	)
Consolidated operating income		288,702			734,860			894,235
Other income		14,418			23,728			144,735
Other expenses		(51,501	)		(59,539	)		(27,322	)
Consolidated income before income taxes		251,619			699,049			1,011,648

Operating income (loss) is sales and operating revenue less costs and expenses, and includes equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies.

Corporate and elimination includes headquarters restructuring costs and certain other corporate expenses, including the amortization of certain intellectual property assets such as the cross-licensing of intangible assets acquired from Ericsson at the time of the Sony Mobile Communications acquisition, which are not allocated to segments.

Pursuant to a separation of Sony’s businesses into distinct subsidiaries and a realignment of corporate functions, changes have been made to the method of calculating the amount of pension and severance-related expenses allocated to Sony’s headquarters and each business segment from the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. As a result of these changes, an increase in corporate costs totaling 7.5 billion yen is included in Corporate and elimination for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. Conversely, a decrease in expenses totaling the same amount is included in each business segment, mainly in the Semiconductors (3.2 billion yen) and IP&S (2.0 billion yen) segments. These changes have no impact on consolidated operating income.

Other significant items:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies:
Game & Network Services		—			—			—
Music		5,435			4,483			(6,915	)
Pictures		(35	)		(129	)		106
Home Entertainment & Sound		—			—			—
Imaging Products & Solutions		—			—			—
Mobile Communications		(79	)		(102	)		(38	)
Semiconductors		—			—			—
Financial Services		(3,601	)		(61	)		(682	)
All Other		1,843			4,378			4,530
Consolidated total		3,563			8,569			(2,999	)
Depreciation and amortization:
Game & Network Services		25,486			29,091			29,023
Music		16,124			18,230			21,259
Pictures		20,487			24,458			24,081
Home Entertainment & Sound		19,830			21,136			21,887
Imaging Products & Solutions		25,442			23,928			24,867
Mobile Communications		19,794			19,215			14,995
Semiconductors		102,328			99,258			110,746
Financial Services, including deferred insurance acquisition costs		47,056			79,843			91,179
All Other		7,407			5,910			4,940
Total		283,954			321,069			342,977
Corporate		43,094			40,375			31,049
Consolidated total		327,048			361,444			374,026

The following table includes a breakdown of sales and operating revenue to external customers by product category for certain segments. Sony management views each segment as a single operating segment.

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017		2018		2019
Sales and operating revenue:
Game & Network Services
Digital Software and Add-on Content		525,683		762,220		1,102,231
Network Services		189,241		270,972		326,524
Hardware and Others		866,644		815,106		795,867
Total		1,581,568		1,848,298		2,224,622
Music
Recorded Music		388,948		446,960		426,926
Music Publishing		66,541		74,360		106,666
Visual Media and Platform		175,278		263,472		261,433
Total		630,767		784,792		795,025
Pictures
Motion Pictures		409,363		448,945		436,017
Television Productions		271,886		289,024		288,816
Media Networks		219,981		272,204		260,437
Total		901,230		1,010,173		985,270
Home Entertainment & Sound
Televisions		720,557		861,763		788,423
Audio and Video		311,771		357,194		362,580
Other		1,887		2,777		3,530
Total		1,034,215		1,221,734		1,154,533
Imaging Products & Solutions
Still and Video Cameras		351,834		415,318		421,506
Other		219,665		231,845		239,798
Total		571,499		647,163		661,304
Mobile Communications		752,688		713,916		487,330
Semiconductors		659,779		726,892		770,622
Financial Services		1,080,284		1,221,235		1,274,708
All Other		375,116		351,527		299,806
Corporate		16,104		18,252		12,467
Consolidated total		7,603,250		8,543,982		8,665,687

Sony has realigned its product category configuration in the G&NS segment for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. In connection with the realignment, all prior period sales amounts by product category in the table above have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

In the G&NS segment, Digital Software and Add-on Content includes distribution of software titles and add-on contents through network by Sony Interactive Entertainment; Network Services includes network services relating to game, video and music content; Hardware and Others includes home and portable game consoles, packaged software and peripheral devices. In the Music segment, Recorded Music includes the distribution of physical and digital recorded music and revenue derived from artists’ live performances; Music Publishing includes the management and licensing of the words and music of songs; Visual Media and Platform includes the production and distribution of animation titles, including game applications based on the animation titles, and various service offerings for music and visual products. In the Pictures segment, Motion Pictures includes the worldwide production, acquisition and distribution of motion pictures and direct-to-video content; Television Productions includes the production, acquisition and distribution of television programming; Media Networks includes the operation of television and digital networks worldwide. In the HE&S segment, Televisions includes LCD and OLED televisions; Audio and Video includes Blu-ray disc players and recorders, home audio, headphones and memory-based portable audio devices. In the IP&S segment, Still and Video Cameras includes interchangeable lens cameras, compact digital cameras, consumer video cameras and video cameras for broadcast; Other includes display products such as projectors and medical equipment.

Geographic Information:

Sales and operating revenue attributed to countries and areas based on location of external customers for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 and property, plant and equipment, net as of March 31, 2018 and 2019 are as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017		2018		2019
Sales and operating revenue:
Japan		2,392,790		2,625,619		2,591,784
United States		1,673,768		1,835,705		1,982,135
Europe		1,634,683		1,841,457		1,862,166
China		557,995		674,718		770,416
Asia-Pacific		866,712		1,024,179		912,193
Other Areas		477,302		542,304		546,993
Total		7,603,250		8,543,982		8,665,687

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018		2019
Property, plant and equipment, net:
Japan		563,593		590,694
United States		97,979		113,581
Europe		23,302		22,622
China		11,232		11,694
Asia-Pacific		36,738		34,273
Other Areas		6,626		4,189
Total		739,470		777,053

Major countries and areas in each geographic segment excluding Japan, United States and China are as follows:

(1) Europe:	United Kingdom, France, Germany, Russia, Spain and Sweden
(2) Asia-Pacific:	India, South Korea, Oceania, Thailand and Malaysia
(3) Other Areas:	The Middle East/Africa, Brazil, Mexico and Canada

There are no individually material countries with respect to sales and operating revenue or property, plant and equipment, net included in Europe, Asia-Pacific and Other Areas.

Transfers between reportable business segments or geographic areas are made at individually negotiated prices that are intended to reflect a market-based transfer price.

There were no sales and operating revenue with any single major external customer for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019.

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Subsequent events

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent events

30. Subsequent events

(1) Setting of parameters for repurchase of shares of its own common stock

Sony Corporation approved the setting of the following parameters for repurchase of its own common stock pursuant to the Companies Act at the meeting of its Board of Directors held on May 16, 2019:

(i) Total number of shares for repurchase: 60 million shares (maximum)

(ii) Total purchase price for repurchase of shares: 200 billion yen (maximum)

(iii) Period of repurchase: May 17, 2019 to March 31, 2020

(2) Acquisition of equity interests in joint ventures in the life insurance business

On May 17, 2019, Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. (“Sony Life”), Sony’s consolidated subsidiary, entered into a legally binding memorandum of understanding with AEGON International B.V. (“AEGON”) regarding the sale of the 50% equity interests held by AEGON in AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co. Ltd. and SA Reinsurance Ltd. (collectively, the “JVs”) to Sony Life. The purchase price for the sale is 16 billion yen, subject to certain closing adjustments being made, if applicable. The closing of the transaction is subject to certain closing conditions, including regulatory approvals. As of the closing of the transaction, Sony Life will own 100% of the equity interests in the JVs and the JVs will become consolidated subsidiaries of Sony.

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SCHEDULE II VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]

SCHEDULE II VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

SCHEDULE II

VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

	Yen in millions
	Balance at beginning of period		Beginning adjustment (Note 3)			Additions charged to costs and expenses		Deductions (Note 1)			Other (Note 2)			Balance at end of period
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2017:
Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns		72,783		—			33,667		(50,858	)		(2,442	)		53,150
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018:
Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns		53,150		—			45,515		(51,302	)		1,300			48,663
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019:
Allowance for doubtful accounts		48,663		(25,114	)		7,112		(5,532	)		311			25,440

Notes:

1. Reversal including amounts written off.

2. Translation adjustments.

3. Sony adopted ASU 2014-09 from April 1, 2018, and as a result, sales returns are presented as a liability instead of as a contra-asset allowance. Accordingly, Sony changed the presentation from “Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns” to “Allowance for doubtful accounts” for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

	Yen in millions
	Balance at beginning of period		Additions		Deductions			Other (Note 1)			Balance at end of period
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2017:
Valuation allowance — Deferred tax assets		1,055,858		149,697		(154,210	)		619			1,051,964
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018:
Valuation allowance — Deferred tax assets		1,051,964		70,797		(123,597	)		(99,329	)		899,835
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019:
Valuation allowance — Deferred tax assets		899,835		116,938		(309,226	)		15,567			723,114

Note:

1. Translation adjustments and the effect of change in statutory tax rate.

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Summary of significant accounting policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of consolidation and accounting for investments in affiliated companies

Basis of consolidation and accounting for investments in affiliated companies -

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Sony Corporation and its majority-owned subsidiary companies, general partnerships and other entities in which Sony has a controlling interest, and variable interest entities for which Sony is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany transactions and accounts are eliminated. Investments in business entities in which Sony does not have control, but has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies, generally through 20-50% ownership, are accounted for under the equity method. In addition, investments in general partnerships in which Sony does not have a controlling interest and limited partnerships are also accounted for under the equity method if more than minor influence over the operation of the investee exists (generally through more than 3-5% ownership). When the interest in the partnership is so minor that Sony has no significant influence over the operation of the investee, the interest in the partnership is carried at fair value. Under the equity method, investments are stated at cost plus/minus Sony’s portion of equity in undistributed earnings or losses. Sony’s equity in current earnings or losses of such entities is reported net of income taxes and is included in operating income (loss) after the elimination of unrealized intercompany profits. If the value of an investment has declined and is judged to be other-than-temporary, the investment is written down to its estimated fair value.

On occasion, a consolidated subsidiary or an affiliated company accounted for by the equity method may issue its shares to third parties in either a public or private offering or upon conversion of convertible debt to common stock at amounts per share in excess of or less than Sony’s average per share carrying value. With respect to such transactions, the resulting gains or losses arising from the change in ownership interest are recorded in earnings within the fiscal year in which the change in interest transactions occurs.

Gains or losses that result from a loss of a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary are recorded in earnings along with fair value remeasurement gains or losses on any retained investment in the entity, while a change in interest of a consolidated subsidiary that does not result in a change in control is accounted for as a capital transaction and no gains or losses are recorded in earnings.

The excess of the cost over the underlying net equity of investments in consolidated subsidiaries and affiliated companies accounted for on an equity basis is allocated to identifiable tangible and intangible assets and liabilities based on fair values at the date of acquisition. The unassigned residual value of the excess of the cost over Sony’s underlying net equity is recognized as goodwill as a component of the investment balance.

Use of estimates

Use of estimates -

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates include those used in determining the valuation of investment securities, valuation of inventories, fair values of long-lived assets, fair values of goodwill and other intangible assets, fair values of assets and liabilities assumed in business combinations, product warranty liability, pension and severance plans, valuation of deferred tax assets, uncertain tax positions, film costs, and insurance related liabilities. Actual results could significantly differ from those estimates.

Translation of foreign currencies

Translation of foreign currencies -

All asset and liability accounts of foreign subsidiaries and affiliates are translated into Japanese yen at appropriate fiscal year end exchange rates and all income and expense accounts are translated at exchange rates that approximate those rates prevailing at the time of the transactions. The resulting translation adjustments are accumulated as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Upon remeasurement of a previously held equity interest in accordance with the accounting guidance for business combinations achieved in stages, accumulated translation adjustments, if any, are included in earnings.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at appropriate fiscal year end exchange rates and the resulting translation gains or losses are recognized into income.

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash -

Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments, with original maturities of three months or less, that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and are so near maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Sony includes restricted cash within cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows.

Marketable debt and equity securities

Marketable debt and equity securities -

Debt securities designated as available-for-sale are carried at fair value with unrealized gains or losses included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. Equity securities, and debt securities classified as trading securities, are carried at fair value with unrealized gains or losses included in income. Debt securities that are expected to be held-to-maturity are carried at amortized cost. Individual securities classified as either available-for-sale or held-to-maturity are reduced to fair value by a charge to income when an other-than-temporary impairment is recognized. Realized gains and losses are determined on the average cost method and are reflected in income.

Sony regularly evaluates its investment portfolio to identify other-than-temporary impairments of individual debt securities. Factors that are considered by Sony in determining whether an other-than-temporary decline in value has occurred include: the length of time and extent to which the market value of the security has been less than its original cost, the financial condition, operating results, business plans and estimated future cash flows of the issuer of the security, other specific factors affecting the market value, deterioration of the credit condition of the issuer, sovereign risk, and whether or not Sony is able to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for the anticipated recovery in market value.

In evaluating the factors for debt securities designated as available-for-sale , Sony presumes a decline in value to be other-than-temporary if the fair value of the security is 20 percent or more below its original cost for an extended period of time (generally for a period of up to six months). This criterion is employed as a threshold to identify securities which may have a decline in value that is other-than-temporary. The presumption of an other-than-temporary impairment in such cases may be overcome if there is evidence to support that the decline is temporary in nature due to the existence of other factors which overcome the duration or magnitude of the decline. On the other hand, there may be cases where impairment losses are recognized when the decline in the fair value of the security is not more than 20 percent or such decline has not existed for an extended period of time, as a result of considering specific factors which may indicate that the decline in the fair value is other-than-temporary.

When an other-than-temporary impairment of a held-to-maturity debt security has occurred, the amount of the other-than-temporary impairment recognized in income depends on whether Sony intends to sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost. If the debt security meets either of these two criteria, the other-than-temporary impairment is recognized in income, measured as the entire difference between the security’s amortized cost and its fair value at the impairment measurement date. For other-than-temporary impairment of the debt security that does not meet these two criteria, the net amount recognized in income is a credit loss, which equals the difference between the amortized cost of the debt security and its net present value calculated by discounting Sony’s best estimate of projected future cash flows at the effective interest rate implicit in the debt security prior to impairment. Any difference between the fair value and the net present value of the debt security at the impairment measurement date is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. Unrealized gains or losses on securities for which an other-than-temporary impairment has been recognized in income are presented as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income.

Equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values

Equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values -

Equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values are measured at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment in the same issuer. If the value of equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values is estimated to have declined and such decline is judged to be other-than-temporary, Sony recognizes the impairment of the investment and the carrying value is reduced to its fair value. Determination of impairment is based on the consideration of several factors, including operating results, business plans and estimated future cash flows. Fair value is determined through the use of various methodologies such as discounted cash flows, valuation of recent financings and comparable valuations of similar companies.

Allowance for doubtful accounts

Allowance for doubtful accounts -

Sony maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts to reserve for potentially uncollectible receivables. Sony reviews accounts receivable by amounts due from customers which are past due to identify specific customers with known disputes or collectability issues. In determining the amount of the reserve, Sony makes judgments about the creditworthiness of customers based on past collection experience and ongoing credit risk evaluations.

Inventories

Inventories -

Inventories in the Game & Network Services (“G&NS”), Music, Home Entertainment & Sound (“HE&S”), Imaging Products & Solutions (“IP&S”), Mobile Communications (“MC”) and Semiconductors segments as well as non-film inventories for the Pictures segment are valued at cost, not in excess of the net realizable value – i.e., estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion and disposal, cost being determined on the “average cost” basis, except for the cost of finished products carried by certain subsidiary companies which is determined on the “first-in, first-out” basis.

Other receivables

Other receivables -

Other receivables include receivables which relate to arrangements with certain component manufacturers whereby Sony procures goods, including product components, for these component manufacturers and is reimbursed for the related purchases. No revenue or profit is recognized on these transfers. Sony will repurchase the inventory at a later date from the component manufacturers as either finished goods inventory or as partially assembled product.

Film costs

Film costs -

Film costs include direct production costs, production overhead and acquisition costs for both motion picture and television productions and are stated at the lower of unamortized cost or estimated fair value and classified as noncurrent assets. Film costs are amortized, and the estimated liabilities for residuals and participations are accrued using an individual-film-forecast method based on the ratio of current period actual revenues to the estimated remaining total revenues. Film costs also include broadcasting rights, which are recognized when the license period begins and the program is available for use, and consist of acquired programming to be aired on Sony’s worldwide channel network. Broadcasting rights are stated at the lower of unamortized cost or net realizable value, classified as either current or noncurrent assets based on timing of expected use. Broadcasting rights are amortized based on estimated usage or on a straight-line basis over the useful life, as appropriate, although broadcasting rights licensed under multi-year live-event sports programming agreements are generally amortized based on the ratio of the current period’s actual advertising revenue and an allocation of subscription fee revenue to the estimated total remaining attributable revenues. Estimates used in calculating the fair value of film costs and the net realizable value of broadcasting rights are based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions and are reviewed on a periodic basis.

Property, plant and equipment and depreciation

Property, plant and equipment and depreciation -

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method. Useful lives for depreciation range from two to 50 years for buildings and from two to 10 years for machinery and equipment. Significant renewals and additions are capitalized at cost. Maintenance and repairs, and minor renewals and betterments are charged to income as incurred.

Goodwill and other intangible assets

Goodwill and other intangible assets -

Goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are tested annually for impairment during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below its carrying amount. Such an event or change in circumstances would include unfavorable variances from established business plans, significant changes in forecasted results or volatility inherent to external markets and industries, which are periodically reviewed by Sony’s management.

In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony elected not to perform an optional qualitative assessment of goodwill and instead proceeded directly to a quantitative impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. Reporting units are Sony’s operating segments or one level below the operating segments. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not considered impaired. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. Indefinite lived intangible assets are tested for impairment by comparing the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying value, and if the carrying value of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

The fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite lived intangible asset is generally determined using a discounted cash flow analysis. This approach uses significant estimates and assumptions, including projected future cash flows, the timing of such cash flows, discount rates reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, perpetual growth rates, earnings multiples, the determination of appropriate comparable entities and the determination of whether a premium or discount should be applied to comparables. Consideration is also given to Sony’s market capitalization in relation to the sum of the calculated fair values of the reporting units, including reporting units with no goodwill, and taking into account corporate level assets and liabilities not assigned to individual reporting units as well as a reasonable control premium.

The assumptions used for projected future cash flows and the timing of such cash flows are based on the forecast and mid-range plan (“MRP”) of each reporting unit and take into account such factors as historical experience, market and industry information, and current and forecasted economic conditions. Perpetual growth rates are utilized to determine a terminal cash flow value and are generally set after the three-year forecasted period for the MRP. Certain reporting units, such as those in the Pictures segment, utilize longer forecast periods and base the terminal value on an exit price using an earnings multiple applied to the final year of the forecasted earnings, which also takes into consideration a control premium. Discount rates are derived from the weighted average cost of capital of market participants in similar businesses.

When a business within a reporting unit is disposed of, goodwill is allocated to the disposed business using the relative fair value method.

Intangible assets with finite useful lives mainly consist of patent rights, know-how, license agreements, customer relationships, trademarks, software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed, internal-use software, music catalogs, artist contracts, and television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements). Patent rights, know-how, license agreements, trademarks, software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed, and internal-use software are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over three to 10 years. Customer relationships, music catalogs, artist contracts and television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements) are amortized on a straight-line basis, generally, over 10 to 44 years.

Capitalized software

Capitalized software -

The costs related to establishing the technological feasibility of software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed are expensed as incurred as a part of research and development in cost of sales. Costs that are incurred to produce the finished product after technological feasibility is established are capitalized and amortized to cost of sales over the estimated economic life, which is generally three years. The technological feasibility of game software is established when the product master is completed. Consideration to capitalize game software development costs before this point is limited to the development costs of games for which technological feasibility can be proven at an earlier stage. At each balance sheet date, Sony performs reviews to ensure that unamortized capitalized software costs remain recoverable from future profits of the related software products.

The costs incurred for internal-use software during the application development stage are capitalized and amortized, mainly to selling, general and administrative expenses, on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life. Costs related to the preliminary project stage and post implementation activities are expensed as incurred.

Deferred insurance acquisition costs

Deferred insurance acquisition costs -

Costs that vary with and are directly related to acquiring new insurance policies are deferred as long as they are recoverable. The deferred insurance acquisition costs include such items as commissions, medical examination costs and inspection report fees, and are subject to recoverability testing at least annually to ensure that the capitalized amounts do not exceed the present value of anticipated gross profits or premiums less benefits and maintenance expenses, as applicable. The deferred insurance acquisition costs for traditional life insurance contracts are amortized over the premium-paying period of the related insurance policies using assumptions consistent with those used in computing policy reserves. The deferred insurance acquisition costs for non-traditional life insurance contracts are amortized over the expected life in proportion to the estimated gross profits.

Product warranty

Product warranty -

Sony provides for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. The product warranty is calculated based upon product sales, estimated probability of failure and estimated cost per claim. The variables used in the calculation of the provision are reviewed on a periodic basis.

Future insurance policy benefits

Future insurance policy benefits -

Liabilities for future insurance policy benefits are primarily comprised of the present value of estimated future payments to policyholders. These liabilities are computed by the net level premium method based upon the assumptions as to future investment yield, morbidity, mortality, withdrawals and other factors. These assumptions are reviewed on a periodic basis. Liabilities for future insurance policy benefits also include liabilities for guaranteed benefits related to certain non-traditional life and annuity contracts.

Policyholders' account in the life insurance business

Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business -

Liabilities for policyholders’ account in the life insurance business represent the contract value that has accrued to the benefit of the policyholders as of the balance sheet date. This liability is generally equal to the accumulated account deposits, plus interest credited, less policyholder withdrawals and other charges assessed against the account balances.

Impairment of long-lived assets

Impairment of long-lived assets -

Sony reviews the recoverability of the carrying value of its long-lived assets held and used, other than goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives, and assets to be disposed of, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the individual carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets to be held and used are reviewed for impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset or asset group with their estimated undiscounted future cash flows. If the cash flows are determined to be less than the carrying value of the asset or asset group, an impairment loss would be recognized during the period for the amount by which the carrying value of the asset or asset group exceeds estimated fair value. Long-lived assets that are to be disposed of other than by sale are considered held and used until they are disposed of. Long-lived assets that are to be disposed of by sale are reported at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less cost to sell and are not depreciated. Fair value is determined using the present value of estimated net cash flows or comparable market values. This approach uses significant estimates and assumptions including projected future cash flows, the timing of such cash flows, discount rates reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, perpetual growth rates applied to determine terminal values, determination of appropriate market comparables and the determination of whether a premium or discount should be applied to comparables.

Fair value measurement

Fair value measurement -

Sony measures fair value as an exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. Sony has elected the fair value option in the banking business for certain foreign securities. The election was made to mitigate accounting mismatches related to fluctuations of foreign exchange rates by allowing the gains and losses on the translation of these securities to be included in current earnings.

The accounting guidance for fair value measurements specifies a hierarchy of inputs to valuation techniques based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect Sony’s assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Observable market data is used if such data is available without undue cost and effort. Each fair value measurement is reported in one of three levels which is determined by the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

These levels are:

Level 1	—	Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.
Level 2	—	Inputs are based on observable inputs other than level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations, in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets.
Level 3	—	One or more significant inputs are unobservable.

When available, Sony uses unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets to measure fair value and classifies such items within level 1. If quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed valuation techniques that use, where possible, current market-based or independently sourced market parameters, such as interest rates, currency rates and option volatilities. Items valued using internally generated models are classified according to the lowest level input that is significant to the valuation. For certain financial assets and liabilities, Sony determines fair value using third-party information such as indicative quotes from dealers and quantitative input from investment advisors following Sony’s established valuation procedures including validation against internally developed prices. Additionally, Sony considers both counterparty credit risk and Sony’s own creditworthiness in determining fair value. Sony attempts to mitigate credit risk to third parties by entering into netting agreements and actively monitoring the creditworthiness of counterparties and its exposure to credit risk through the use of credit limits and by selecting major international banks and financial institutions as counterparties.

Transfers between levels are deemed to have occurred at the beginning of the interim period in which the transfers occur.

Derivative financial instruments

Derivative financial instruments -

All derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value on a gross basis. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments are either recognized periodically in income or stockholders’ equity (as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income), depending on whether the derivative financial instrument qualifies as a hedge and the derivative is being used to hedge changes in fair value or cash flows.

The accounting guidance for hybrid financial instruments permits an entity to elect fair value remeasurement for any hybrid financial instrument if the hybrid instrument contains an embedded derivative that would otherwise be required to be bifurcated and accounted for separately under accounting guidance for derivative instruments and hedging activities. The election to measure the hybrid instrument at fair value is made on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irreversible. Certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment had hybrid financial instruments, disclosed in Note 7 as debt securities, that contain embedded derivatives where the entire instrument was carried at fair value.

In accordance with accounting guidance for derivative instruments and hedging activities, various derivative financial instruments held by Sony are classified and accounted for as described below.

Fair value hedges

Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and effective as fair value hedges for recognized assets or liabilities or unrecognized firm commitments are recognized in earnings as offsets to changes in the fair value of the related hedged assets or liabilities.

Cash flow hedges

Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and effective as cash flow hedges for forecasted transactions or exposures associated with recognized assets or liabilities are initially recorded in other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. Changes in the fair value of the ineffective portion are recognized immediately in earnings.

Derivatives not designated as hedges

Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are not designated as hedges are recognized immediately in earnings.

Assessment of hedges

When applying hedge accounting, Sony formally documents all hedging relationships between the derivatives designated as hedges and the hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking various hedging activities. Sony links all hedges that are designated as fair value or cash flow hedges to specific assets or liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets or to the specific forecasted transactions. Sony also assesses, both at the inception of the hedge and on an on-going basis, whether the derivatives that are designated as hedges are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows of hedged items. When it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge, Sony discontinues hedge accounting. Hedge ineffectiveness, if any, is included immediately in earnings.

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensation -

Sony accounts for stock-based compensation using the fair value based method, measured on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The expense is mainly included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Stock-based compensation is recognized, net of an estimated forfeiture rate, over the requisite service period using the accelerated method of amortization for grants with graded vesting. The estimated forfeiture rate is based on Sony’s historical experience in the stock acquisition rights plans where the majority of the vesting terms have been satisfied.

Revenue recognition

Revenue recognition -

Sony recognizes revenue in an amount that reflects the consideration Sony expects in exchange for satisfying performance obligations to transfer the goods or services promised in contracts with customers. This is in accordance with the following steps:

Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer.

Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract.

Step 3: Determine the transaction price.

Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract.

Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) Sony satisfies a performance obligation.

Sony owns a variety of intellectual property throughout segments and recognizes revenue through the licensing of such intellectual property. Sony has both functional and symbolic intellectual property. The licensing of functional intellectual property grants a customer a right to use Sony’s intellectual property as it exists at a point in time, and Sony satisfies its performance obligation at the point in time when the customer obtains control and is entitled to benefit from the license. The licensing of symbolic intellectual property grants a customer a right to access Sony’s intellectual property over time, and Sony satisfies its performance obligation over the license period as Sony maintains the intellectual property.

Incremental costs of obtaining a contract and costs to fulfill a contract are recognized as assets when Sony expects to recover these costs. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are those costs that would not have been incurred if the contract had not been obtained. Costs to fulfill a contract are those costs that are directly related to a contract or to an anticipated contract and that generate or enhance resources for Sony to satisfy its performance obligations. Sony applies a practical expedient and recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that would have been recognized is one year or less.

Revenues from sales in the HE&S, IP&S, MC and Semiconductors segments are recognized when (or as) performance obligations in contracts with customers are satisfied by transferring control over a promised good or service to a customer. If the sales contract contains a customer acceptance provision, then revenues are recognized after customer acceptance occurs or the acceptance provisions lapse. Revenues are recognized net of anticipated returns and sales incentives.

Within the G&NS segment, revenues from hardware, peripherals and software discs are recognized when performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control to the retailer/distributor, net of anticipated returns, sales incentives and cooperative advertising obligations. Revenues from platform licensing to publishers are recognized when physical software discs are delivered. Revenues from digital game content, which is licensed functional intellectual property, are recognized when the digital content is made available for use by the licensee via an online platform, net of anticipated sales incentives and credit card chargebacks. Revenues from digital game content involving multiple performance obligations, such as obligations to make content available on future dates, are allocated to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling prices that are observable in the market or Sony’s best estimate. Revenues from subscription fees for digital subscription services are recognized over the subscription period.

Within the Music segment, Sony licenses intellectual property that transfer to a customer either a right to use Sony’s intellectual property as it exists at the point in time in which the license is granted, or a right to access Sony’s intellectual property as it exists throughout the license period. Revenues are recognized when the customer has the right to use or access the intellectual property and obtains control of the use or access of that license. Digital revenues include revenues from contracts with digital streaming services typically recognized as a single performance obligation, which is ongoing access to intellectual property in an evolving library of content over the contract term, predicated on: (1) the business practice and contractual ability to remove specific content without a requirement to replace the content and without impact to minimum royalty guarantees and (2) the contracts not containing a specific listing of content subject to the license. For these contracts, revenues are recognized on the basis of sales and usage royalties, except where there is an amount of a minimum royalty guarantee that is not expected to be recouped, or a fixed fee, which is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. Revenues from the sale of physical product such as CDs, net of anticipated returns and sales incentives, are recognized when delivery has occurred and the product is available for sale to the public.

Within the Pictures segment, revenues from the theatrical exhibition of motion pictures are recognized as the customer exhibits the film. Revenues from the licensing of motion picture and television programming for pay and free television exhibition and other markets are recognized when the product is available for use by the licensee. Revenues for motion picture and television program licensing arrangements involving multiple performance obligations, for example a fee for multiple titles, territories or availability dates, are allocated based on the relative standalone selling price of each performance obligation using Sony’s best estimate based on available information such as market conditions and internal pricing guidelines. Each individual motion picture or television programming product delivered generally represents a separate performance obligation. Licensing revenue associated with certain renewals or extensions of existing agreements for motion pictures and television programming is recognized when the licensee can use and benefit from the content under the renewal or extension. Licensing revenue associated with minimum guarantees for symbolic intellectual property is recognized ratably over the license term. For home entertainment distribution, revenues from the sale of physical product such as DVDs and Blu-ray Disc^TM, net of anticipated returns and sales incentives, are recognized when delivery has occurred and the product is available for sale to the public. Revenues from electronic sell-through and video-on-demand are recognized when the product is made available for viewing via digital distribution platforms. Revenues from the sale of broadcast advertising are recognized when the advertisement is aired, and the performance obligation in these arrangements is the delivery of advertising spots and may include a guaranteed amount of impressions. When a guarantee for a number of impressions is not achieved, revenues are not recognized until additional advertising spots are delivered to provide the guaranteed impressions. Revenues from subscription fees received by television networks are recognized when the service is provided. The performance obligation under network subscription arrangements is a license of functional intellectual property that is satisfied as programming is provided over the term of the arrangement.

Traditional life insurance policies that the life insurance subsidiary underwrites, most of which are categorized as long-duration contracts, mainly consist of whole life, term life and accident and health insurance contracts. Premiums from these policies are reported as revenue when due from policyholders.

Amounts received as payment for non-traditional contracts such as interest sensitive whole life contracts, individual annuity contracts and other contracts without life contingencies are recognized in policyholders’ account in the life insurance business. Revenues from these contracts are comprised of fees earned for administrative and contract-holder services, which are recognized over the period of the contracts, and included in financial services revenue.

Property and casualty insurance policies that the non-life insurance subsidiary underwrites are primarily automotive insurance contracts which are categorized as short-duration contracts. Premiums from these policies are reported as revenue over the period of the contract in proportion to the amount of insurance protection provided.

Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers and subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

As of April 1, 2018, Sony adopted the new accounting standard related to the recognition of revenue in contracts with customers on a modified retrospective basis, and therefore comparative information has not been restated. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position. Refer to Note 2 (2) Recently adopted accounting pronouncements.

Cost of sales

Cost of sales -

Costs classified as cost of sales relate to the producing and manufacturing of products and include items such as material cost, subcontractor cost, depreciation of fixed assets, amortization of intangible assets, personnel expenses, research and development costs, and amortization of film costs related to motion picture and television productions.

Research and development costs

Research and development costs -

Research and development costs, included in cost of sales, include items such as salaries, personnel expenses and other direct and indirect expenses associated with research and product development. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Selling, general and administrative

Selling, general and administrative -

Costs classified as selling expenses relate to promoting and selling products and include items such as advertising, promotion, shipping and warranty expenses. General and administrative expenses include operating items such as officers’ salaries, personnel expenses, depreciation of fixed assets, office rental for sales, marketing and administrative divisions, a provision for doubtful accounts and amortization of intangible assets.

Financial services expenses

Financial services expenses -

Financial services expenses include a provision for policy reserves and amortization of deferred insurance acquisition costs, and all other operating costs, such as personnel expenses, depreciation of fixed assets, and office rental of subsidiaries, in the Financial Services segment.

Advertising costs

Advertising costs -

Advertising costs are expensed when the advertisement or commercial appears in the selected media.

Shipping and handling costs

Shipping and handling costs -

The majority of shipping and handling, warehousing and internal transfer costs for finished goods are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. An exception to this is in the Pictures segment where such costs are charged to cost of sales as they are an integral part of producing and distributing motion pictures and television programming. All other costs related to Sony’s distribution network are included in cost of sales, including inbound freight charges, purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs and warehousing costs for raw materials and in-process inventory. Shipping and handling activities that occur after control of the related good transfers are treated as separate performance obligations. Amounts paid by customers for shipping and handling costs are included in net sales.

Income taxes

Income taxes -

The provision for income taxes is computed based on the pretax income included in the consolidated statements of income, and the tax liability attributed to undistributed earnings of subsidiaries and affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method expected to be remitted in the foreseeable future. The asset and liability approach is used to recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities.

Carrying amounts of deferred tax assets require a reduction by a valuation allowance if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. Accordingly, the need to establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets is assessed periodically with appropriate consideration given to all positive and negative evidence related to the realization of the deferred tax assets. Management’s judgments related to this assessment consider, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses on an individual tax jurisdiction basis, forecasts of future profitability after consideration of uncertain tax positions, excess of appreciated asset value over the tax basis of net assets, the duration of statutory carryforward periods, the past utilization of net operating loss carryforwards prior to expiration, as well as prudent and feasible tax planning strategies which would be employed by Sony to prevent net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards from expiring unutilized.

Sony records assets and liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Sony continues to recognize interest and penalties, if any, with respect to income taxes, including unrecognized tax benefits, as interest expense and as income tax expense, respectively, in the consolidated statements of income. The amount of income taxes Sony pays is subject to ongoing audits by various taxing authorities, which may result in proposed assessments. In addition, several significant items related to intercompany transfer pricing are currently the subject of negotiations between taxing authorities in different jurisdictions as a result of pending advance pricing agreement applications and competent authority requests. Sony’s estimate for the potential outcome for any uncertain tax issues is judgmental and requires significant estimates. Sony assesses its income tax positions and records tax benefits for all years subject to examinations based upon the evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at that reporting date. For those tax positions for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, Sony records the amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. If Sony does not believe that it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit is recognized. However, Sony’s future results may include favorable or unfavorable adjustments to Sony’s estimated tax liabilities due to closure of income tax examinations, the outcome of negotiations between taxing authorities in different jurisdictions, new regulatory or judicial pronouncements or other relevant events. As a result, the amount of unrecognized tax benefits, and the effective tax rate, may fluctuate significantly.

The impact of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “U.S. Tax Reform Act”) was recorded on a provisional basis as defined in Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. Additional guidance was issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury on several provisions including the computation of the transition tax on historic foreign earnings. Further analysis was performed and conclusions reached as part of the tax return filing process. Sony completed its accounting analysis and no material difference to the provisional amount was recorded in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

The U.S. Tax Reform Act subjects a U.S. entity to tax on Global Intangible Low Tax Income (“GILTI”) earned by its foreign subsidiaries. Sony has elected to account for GILTI as a current period expense when incurred.

Net income (loss) attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders per share ("EPS")

Net income (loss) attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders per share (“EPS”) -

Basic EPS is computed based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. The computation of diluted EPS reflects the maximum possible dilution from conversion, exercise, or contingent issuance of securities. All potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation in a situation where there is a net loss attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

(2) Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

Revenue from contracts with customers -

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09 addressing revenue recognition which superseded the previous revenue recognition requirements, including most industry-specific guidance. This ASU requires an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2018, and has been applied on a modified retrospective basis. Sony applied this ASU to all open contracts existing as of April 1, 2018, recognizing in beginning retained earnings an adjustment for the cumulative effect of the change.

Although the adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position, there are several areas where Sony’s revenue recognition changed as compared with historical U.S. GAAP. The more significant of these areas are as follows:

In the Pictures segment, (1) licensing revenue associated with certain renewals or extensions of existing agreements for motion pictures and television programming is recognized at a later point in time, which is when the licensee can use and benefit from the content, instead of when the agreement is renewed or extended, and (2) licensing revenue associated with minimum guarantees for symbolic intellectual property (e.g., brands, trademarks and logos) is recognized over the license term instead of at the inception of the license term.

In the MC segment, the incremental costs of obtaining contracts for the internet-related service business are recognized as assets and amortized to expense over the contract period.

In addition, the ASU changed the presentation of certain items in the consolidated financial statements, such as sales returns, with no impact to the timing of the recognition of revenue or expense.

The following chart illustrates the amounts by which each summarized income statement line item was affected by the adoption of this ASU:

	Yen in millions Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
	As Reported		Adjustments of ASU 2014-09			Without Adoption of ASU 2014-09
Sales and operating revenue		8,665,687		(11,570	)		8,677,257
Costs of sales		5,150,750		(19,018	)		5,169,768
Selling, general and administrative		1,576,825		1,366			1,575,459
Others		1,043,877		—			1,043,877
Operating income		894,235		6,082			888,153

Recognition and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities -

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01 amending various aspects of the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. The changes mainly relate to the requirement to measure equity investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries, other than those accounted for under the equity method of accounting, at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. However, this ASU permits entities to elect to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2018. As a result of the adoption of this ASU, Sony reclassified 15,526 million yen in unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, on equity securities previously classified as available-for-sale, from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. In addition, changes in value due to the revaluation of equity securities held in the Financial Services segment at the end of the period are recorded in financial services revenue, and changes in value due to the revaluation of equity securities held in all segments other than the Financial Services segment are recorded in gain on equity securities, net in the consolidated statement of income.

Intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory -

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, which amends the accounting for income taxes. This update requires recognition of the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of assets other than inventory when the transfer occurs. Under historical U.S. GAAP, the income tax consequences for asset transfers other than inventory could not be recognized until the asset was sold to a third party. This ASU is required to be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Changes to the opening balances resulting from the adoption of the above ASUs were as follows:

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2018			Impact of Adoption									April 1, 2018
				ASU 2014-09			ASU 2016-01			ASU 2016-16
ASSETS
Current assets:
Notes and accounts receivable, trade		1,061,442			(2,993	)		—			—			1,058,449
Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns*		(48,663	)		25,114			—			—			(23,549	)
Inventories		692,937			(12,404	)		—			—			680,533
Other receivables		190,706			9,628			—			—			200,334
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		516,744			(5,520	)		—			—			511,224
Film costs		327,645			7,647			—			—			335,292
Other assets:
Deferred income taxes		96,772			(326	)		—			—			96,446
Other		325,167			1,068			—			—			326,235
Total assets		19,065,538			22,214			—			—			19,087,752
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable, other and accrued expenses		1,514,433			(3,290	)		—			—			1,511,143
Other*		610,792			31,777			—			—			642,569
Deferred income taxes		449,863			—			—			(14,680	)		435,183
Other		278,338			10,525			—			—			288,863
Total liabilities		15,409,171			39,012			—			(14,680	)		15,433,503
EQUITY
Retained earnings		1,440,387			(16,798	)		15,526			9,248			1,448,363
Unrealized gains on securities, net		126,191			—			(15,526	)		—			110,665
Noncontrolling interests		679,791			—			—			5,432			685,223
Total equity		3,647,157			(16,798	)		—			14,680			3,645,039
Total liabilities and equity		19,065,538			22,214			—			—			19,087,752

* Under ASU 2014-09, Sony presents sales returns as a liability instead of as a contra-asset allowance. Accordingly, Sony changed the presentation from “Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns” to “Allowance for doubtful accounts” on the consolidated balance sheet.

Classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments -

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, which clarifies the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Restricted cash -

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, which requires that restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be included with cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. This ASU also requires entities to disclose how the statement of cash flows that includes restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents with cash and cash equivalents reconciles to the balance sheet. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2018 and has been applied on a retrospective basis. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Clarifying the definition of a business -

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01 which clarifies the definition of a business. The ASU requires an entity to first determine whether substantially all of the fair value of a set of assets acquired is concentrated in either a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. If this criterion is met, the acquired set of assets is not deemed to be a business. If the criterion is not met, the entity must then evaluate whether the set of assets meets the requirement to be deemed a business. To be considered a business, the acquired set of assets would have to include an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Presentation of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs -

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, which requires separate presentation of service costs and other components of net benefit costs. The service costs will only be presented with other employee compensation costs in operating income or capitalized, while the other components of net benefit costs will be presented outside of operating income, and will not be eligible for capitalization. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2018. This ASU is required to be applied on a retrospective basis for the presentation of service costs and other components of net benefit costs, and on a prospective basis for the capitalization of only the service costs component of net benefit costs. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

(3) Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

Leases -

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, which amends current leasing guidance. The ASU requires substantially all leases to be recognized on the balance sheet. This ASU is effective for Sony as of April 1, 2019, and will be applied on a modified retrospective basis with no restatement of comparative periods. While Sony is continuing to assess all potential impacts of the standard, Sony currently believes the most significant impact relates to Sony’s accounting for right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases of real estate. Sony estimates the adoption of this ASU will result in the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases of real estate in the range of approximately 300 billion yen to 350 billion yen each for real estate. Although not significant, other leases including machinery and equipment will be also capitalized.

Measurement of credit losses on financial instruments -

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, which amends the accounting guidance for credit losses on financial instruments. The ASU requires the consideration of all available relevant information when estimating expected credit losses, including past events, current conditions and forecasts and their implications for expected credit losses. This ASU will be effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020. The impact of this ASU on Sony’s results of operations and financial position is being evaluated.

Premium amortization on purchased callable debt securities -

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, which requires certain premiums on callable debt securities to be amortized to the earliest call date. The amortization period for callable debt securities purchased at a discount will not be affected. This ASU is effective for Sony as of April 1, 2019. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Targeted improvements to accounting for hedging activities -

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, which made targeted improvements to the accounting for hedging activities. The amendments in this update simplify certain aspects of hedge accounting for both non-financial and financial risks and better align the recognition and measurement of hedge results with an entity’s risk management activities. This ASU also amends certain presentation and disclosure requirements for hedging activities and changes how an entity assesses hedge effectiveness. This ASU is effective for Sony as of April 1, 2019. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Improvements to Accounting for Costs of Films and License Agreements for Program Materials -

In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-02. The ASU updates the guidance for the capitalization of film costs associated with episodic television series, requires the use of fair value rather than net realizable value when determining potential impairments of broadcasting rights, and modifies the presentation and disclosure requirements for films and broadcasting rights. In addition, upon capitalization of film costs entities are required to determine qualitatively whether the predominant monetization strategy is on a title-by-title basis or together with other films and/or broadcast rights as part of a film group, such as in the case of a release of a film as part of a library of content on a streaming service. In the case of a film group, impairments are evaluated at the overall film group level rather than the individual title level. This ASU will be effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020. The impact of this ASU on Sony’s results of operations and financial position is being evaluated.

Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts -

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-12, which revises the accounting for certain long-duration insurance contracts. The ASU prescribes comprehensive changes to recognition and measurement of certain long-duration insurance contracts and assumptions and introduces certain financial statement presentation requirements, as well as significant additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures. This ASU will be effective for Sony as of April 1, 2021. The impact of this ASU on Sony’s results of operations and financial position is being evaluated.

Disclosures for Fair Value Measurement -

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, which amends disclosure requirements related to fair value measurement. This ASU will be effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020. Since this ASU will only impact disclosures, the adoption will have no impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Disclosures for Defined Benefit Plans -

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, which amends disclosure requirements related to defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans. This ASU will be effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020 and will be applied on a retrospective basis. Since this ASU will only impact disclosures, the adoption will have no impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.

Reclassifications

(4) Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications of the financial statements and accompanying footnotes for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017 and 2018 have been made to conform to the presentation for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

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Summary of significant accounting policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Impact on Company's Income Statement Due to Adoption of Accounting Pronouncements

The following chart illustrates the amounts by which each summarized income statement line item was affected by the adoption of this ASU:

	Yen in millions Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
	As Reported		Adjustments of ASU 2014-09			Without Adoption of ASU 2014-09
Sales and operating revenue		8,665,687		(11,570	)		8,677,257
Costs of sales		5,150,750		(19,018	)		5,169,768
Selling, general and administrative		1,576,825		1,366			1,575,459
Others		1,043,877		—			1,043,877
Operating income		894,235		6,082			888,153

Schedule of New Accounting Pronouncement Balance Sheet

Changes to the opening balances resulting from the adoption of the above ASUs were as follows:

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2018			Impact of Adoption									April 1, 2018
				ASU 2014-09			ASU 2016-01			ASU 2016-16
ASSETS
Current assets:
Notes and accounts receivable, trade		1,061,442			(2,993	)		—			—			1,058,449
Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns*		(48,663	)		25,114			—			—			(23,549	)
Inventories		692,937			(12,404	)		—			—			680,533
Other receivables		190,706			9,628			—			—			200,334
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		516,744			(5,520	)		—			—			511,224
Film costs		327,645			7,647			—			—			335,292
Other assets:
Deferred income taxes		96,772			(326	)		—			—			96,446
Other		325,167			1,068			—			—			326,235
Total assets		19,065,538			22,214			—			—			19,087,752
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable, other and accrued expenses		1,514,433			(3,290	)		—			—			1,511,143
Other*		610,792			31,777			—			—			642,569
Deferred income taxes		449,863			—			—			(14,680	)		435,183
Other		278,338			10,525			—			—			288,863
Total liabilities		15,409,171			39,012			—			(14,680	)		15,433,503
EQUITY
Retained earnings		1,440,387			(16,798	)		15,526			9,248			1,448,363
Unrealized gains on securities, net		126,191			—			(15,526	)		—			110,665
Noncontrolling interests		679,791			—			—			5,432			685,223
Total equity		3,647,157			(16,798	)		—			14,680			3,645,039
Total liabilities and equity		19,065,538			22,214			—			—			19,087,752

* Under ASU 2014-09, Sony presents sales returns as a liability instead of as a contra-asset allowance. Accordingly, Sony changed the presentation from “Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns” to “Allowance for doubtful accounts” on the consolidated balance sheet.

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Inventories (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Inventories

Inventories are comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018		2019
Finished products		422,461		407,295
Work in process		153,257		154,178
Raw materials, purchased components and supplies		117,219		91,805
Inventories		692,937		653,278

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Film costs (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Other Industries [Abstract]

Summary of Film Costs

Film costs are comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018			2019
Motion picture productions:
Released		81,755			87,158
Completed and not released		1,728			3,189
In production and development		78,868			130,736
Television productions:
Released		127,790			144,316
In production and development		1,174			9,147
Broadcasting rights		72,125			70,401
Less: current portion of broadcasting rights included in inventories		(35,795	)		(35,942	)
Film costs		327,645			409,005

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Investments in affiliated companies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Summarized Combined Financial Information Provided by Equity Investees

The summarized combined financial information that is based on information provided by the equity investees including information for significant equity affiliates and the reconciliation of such information to the consolidated financial statements is shown below:

Balance Sheets

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018			2019
Current assets		404,658			355,320
Noncurrent assets		868,455			608,626
Current liabilities		273,067			188,905
Noncurrent liabilities and noncontrolling interests		768,007			584,714
Percentage of ownership in equity investees		20%-50	%		20%-50	%

Statements of Income

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Net revenues		387,229			468,933			390,457
Operating income		37,800			56,729			53,920
Net income attributable to controlling interests		11,529			27,301			5,539
Percentage of ownership in equity investees		20%-50	%		20%-50	%		20%-50	%

Account Balances and Transactions with Affiliated Companies Accounted for under Equity Method

Account balances and transactions with affiliated companies accounted for under the equity method are presented below. There are no other material transactions or account balances with any other related parties.

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018		2019
Accounts receivable, trade		15,516		12,404
Accounts payable, trade		2,568		1,087
Short-term borrowings		22,849		29,744
Capital lease obligations		13,294		20,265

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017		2018		2019
Sales		31,238		45,415		41,437
Purchases		1,966		3,180		5,584
Lease payments		16,492		7,749		7,455

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Marketable securities and securities investments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Aggregate Cost, Gross Unrealized Gains and Losses and Fair Value Pertaining to Available-for-Sale Securities and Held-to-Maturity Securities

Marketable securities and securities investments, primarily included in the Financial Services segment, are comprised of debt and equity securities for which the aggregate cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value pertaining to available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity securities are as follows. Sony adopted ASU 2016-01 from April 1, 2018, and as a result, the available-for-sale classification is eliminated for equity securities as of March 31, 2019.

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2018									March 31, 2019
	Cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses			Fair value		Cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses			Fair value
Available-for-sale:
Debt securities:
Japanese national government bonds		1,227,139		182,830		(359	)		1,409,610		1,422,620		220,989		(20	)		1,643,589
Japanese local government bonds		67,574		107		(112	)		67,569		67,461		70		(34	)		67,497
Japanese corporate bonds		199,880		9,844		(1,016	)		208,708		202,433		17,178		(223	)		219,388
Foreign government bonds		72,204		622		(3,287	)		69,539		153,429		8,669		(603	)		161,495
Foreign corporate bonds		365,457		1,649		(641	)		366,465		360,299		944		(376	)		360,867
Securitized products		99,349		1		(0	)		99,350		190,111		1		—			190,112
Other		—		—		—			—		2,286		2,402		—			4,688
		2,031,603		195,053		(5,415	)		2,221,241		2,398,639		250,253		(1,256	)		2,647,636
Equity securities		55,676		71,723		(776	)		126,623		—		—		—			—
Held-to-maturity securities:
Japanese national government bonds		5,892,868		1,635,036		(20,890	)		7,507,014		6,042,635		2,016,786		—			8,059,421
Japanese local government bonds		3,850		413		—			4,263		3,518		388		—			3,906
Japanese corporate bonds		345,818		16,912		(17,390	)		345,340		409,329		44,348		(5,845	)		447,832
Foreign government bonds		300,220		8,310		(18,570	)		289,960		386,392		18,609		(13,742	)		391,259
Foreign corporate bonds		198		13		—			211		198		11		—			209
		6,542,954		1,660,684		(56,850	)		8,146,788		6,842,072		2,080,142		(19,587	)		8,902,627
Total		8,630,233		1,927,460		(63,041	)		10,494,652		9,240,711		2,330,395		(20,843	)		11,550,263

Cost and Fair Value of Debt Securities Classified as Available-for-Sale Securities and Held-to-Maturity Securities by Contractual Maturity

The following table presents the cost and fair value of debt securities classified as available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity securities by contractual maturity:

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2019
	Available-for-sale securities				Held-to-maturity securities
	Cost		Fair value		Cost		Fair value
Due in one year or less		132,770		132,745		6,286		6,334
Due after one year through five years		455,624		462,682		37,281		40,085
Due after five years through ten years		476,261		552,287		393,787		453,310
Due after ten years		1,333,984		1,499,922		6,404,718		8,402,898
Total		2,398,639		2,647,636		6,842,072		8,902,627

Gross Unrealized Losses and Fair Value of Securities with Unrealized Losses, Aggregated by Investment Category and Length of Time in Continuous Unrealized Loss Position

The following tables present the gross unrealized losses on, and fair value of, Sony’s investment securities with unrealized losses, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual investment securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at March 31, 2018 and 2019. Sony adopted ASU 2016-01 from April 1, 2018, and as a result, the available-for-sale classification is eliminated for equity securities as of March 31, 2019.

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2018
	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
	Fair value		Unrealized losses			Fair value		Unrealized losses			Fair value		Unrealized losses
Available-for-sale:
Debt securities:
Japanese national government bonds		10,118		(11	)		32,836		(348	)		42,954		(359	)
Japanese local government bonds		9,324		(11	)		14,729		(101	)		24,053		(112	)
Japanese corporate bonds		11,046		(10	)		64,119		(1,006	)		75,165		(1,016	)
Foreign government bonds		40,156		(2,281	)		7,752		(1,006	)		47,908		(3,287	)
Foreign corporate bonds		34,840		(69	)		21,191		(572	)		56,031		(641	)
Securitized products		1,840		(0	)		315		(0	)		2,155		(0	)
		107,324		(2,382	)		140,942		(3,033	)		248,266		(5,415	)
Equity securities		13,859		(776	)		15		(0	)		13,874		(776	)
Held-to-maturity securities:
Japanese national government bonds		—		—			304,564		(20,890	)		304,564		(20,890	)
Japanese local government bonds		—		—			—		—			—		—
Japanese corporate bonds		—		—			174,815		(17,390	)		174,815		(17,390	)
Foreign government bonds		20,448		(704	)		134,230		(17,866	)		154,678		(18,570	)
Foreign corporate bonds		—		—			—		—			—		—
		20,448		(704	)		613,609		(56,146	)		634,057		(56,850	)
Total		141,631		(3,862	)		754,566		(59,179	)		896,197		(63,041	)

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2019
	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
	Fair value		Unrealized losses			Fair value		Unrealized losses			Fair value		Unrealized losses
Available-for-sale:
Debt securities:
Japanese national government bonds		—		—			4,063		(20	)		4,063		(20	)
Japanese local government bonds		27,404		(29	)		4,872		(5	)		32,276		(34	)
Japanese corporate bonds		25,725		(21	)		19,925		(202	)		45,650		(223	)
Foreign government bonds		—		—			15,878		(603	)		15,878		(603	)
Foreign corporate bonds		50,281		(117	)		15,455		(259	)		65,736		(376	)
Securitized products		—		—			—		—			—		—
Other		—		—			—		—			—		—
		103,410		(167	)		60,193		(1,089	)		163,603		(1,256	)
Held-to-maturity securities:
Japanese national government bonds		—		—			—		—			—		—
Japanese local government bonds		—		—			—		—			—		—
Japanese corporate bonds		—		—			97,984		(5,845	)		97,984		(5,845	)
Foreign government bonds		—		—			151,229		(13,742	)		151,229		(13,742	)
Foreign corporate bonds		—		—			—		—			—		—
		—		—			249,213		(19,587	)		249,213		(19,587	)
Total		103,410		(167	)		309,406		(20,676	)		412,816		(20,843	)

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Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Leased Assets under Capital Leases

Leased assets under capital leases are comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
Class of property	2018			2019
Machinery, equipment and others		93,491			92,915
Buildings		6,639			29,089
Accumulated amortization		(58,861	)		(61,349	)
		41,269			60,655

Future Minimum Lease Payments under Capital Leases with Present Value of Net Minimum Lease Payments

The following is a schedule by fiscal year of the future minimum lease payments under capital leases together with the present value of the net minimum lease payments as of March 31, 2019:

Fiscal year ending March 31	Yen in millions
2020		36,195
2021		10,429
2022		6,454
2023		5,246
2024		3,448
Later fiscal years		15,441
Total minimum lease payments		77,213
Less — Amount representing interest		8,385
Present value of net minimum lease payments		68,828
Less — Current obligations		35,144
Long-term capital lease obligations		33,684

Minimum Rental Payments Required under Operating Leases that have Initial or Remaining Noncancelable Lease Terms in Excess of One Year

The minimum rental payments required under operating leases that have initial or remaining noncancelable lease terms in excess of one year at March 31, 2019 are as follows:

Fiscal year ending March 31	Yen in millions
2020		58,901
2021		48,823
2022		34,726
2023		25,355
2024		22,152
Later fiscal years		78,507
Total minimum future rentals		268,464

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Goodwill and other intangible assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Acquired Intangible Assets other than Goodwill and Weighted-Average Amortization Period

Intangible assets other than goodwill acquired during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 totaled 523,504 million yen, of which 523,494 million yen is subject to amortization, and are comprised of the following:

	Intangible assets acquired during the fiscal year		Weighted-average amortization period
	Yen in millions		Years
Patent rights, know-how and license agreements		1,728		6
Software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed		17,114		3
Internal-use software		72,730		4
Music catalogs*		412,575		43
Artist contracts		13,847		27
Other		5,500		9

* Includes music catalogs relating to EMI Music Publishing acquisition. Refer to Note 25.

Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization

Intangible assets subject to amortization are comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2018					March 31, 2019
	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization			Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization
Patent rights, know-how and license agreements		175,980		(142,724	)		169,761		(145,525	)
Customer relationships		18,881		(7,615	)		15,759		(11,825	)
Trademarks		16,310		(8,451	)		15,768		(9,863	)
Software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed		123,269		(92,457	)		125,350		(96,322	)
Internal-use software		494,649		(315,516	)		529,022		(345,935	)
Music catalogs		207,789		(94,210	)		615,206		(106,725	)
Artist contracts		28,534		(27,650	)		42,575		(29,108	)
Television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements)		74,258		(25,884	)		74,605		(28,685	)
Other		58,543		(47,586	)		61,675		(49,288	)
Total		1,198,213		(762,093	)		1,649,721		(823,276	)

Estimated Aggregate Amortization Expense for Intangible Assets

and 109,452 million yen, respectively. The estimated aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets for the next five fiscal years is as follows:

Fiscal year ending March 31	Yen in millions
2020		100,631
2021		84,220
2022		64,747
2023		49,941
2024		34,907

Total Carrying Amount of Intangible Assets having Indefinite Life

Total carrying amount of intangible assets having an indefinite life are comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018		2019
Trademarks		68,922		69,447
Distribution agreements		18,834		18,834
Other		3,292		3,240
Total		91,048		91,521

Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill by Segment

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019 are as follows:

	Yen in millions
	G&NS			Music			Pictures			HE&S			IP&S			MC			Semiconductors			Financial Services			All Other			Total
Balance, March 31, 2017:
Goodwill — gross		151,938			166,416			246,085			5,320			8,451			179,331			48,069			3,081			28,842			837,533
Accumulated impairments		—			(306	)		(107,932	)		(5,320	)		(300	)		(176,045	)		—			(706	)		(24,386	)		(314,995	)
Goodwill		151,938			166,110			138,153			—			8,151			3,286			48,069			2,375			4,456			522,538
Increase (decrease) due to:
Acquisitions		—			2,877			12,842			—			1,204			—			—			4,850			—			21,773
Sales and dispositions		—			(121	)		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(121	)
Impairments		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Translation adjustments		(1,332	)		(3,472	)		(6,583	)		—			162			—			(1,072	)		—			(85	)		(12,382	)
Other		—			—			—			—			—			—			(1,204	)		—			(112	)		(1,316	)
Balance, March 31, 2018:
Goodwill — gross		150,606			165,700			246,620			5,320			9,817			179,331			45,793			7,931			27,912			839,030
Accumulated impairments		—			(306	)		(102,208	)		(5,320	)		(300	)		(176,045	)		—			(706	)		(23,653	)		(308,538	)
Goodwill		150,606			165,394			144,412			—			9,517			3,286			45,793			7,225			4,259			530,492
Increase (decrease) due to:
Acquisitions*		2,261			240,396			387			—			—			—			—			—			—			243,044
Sales and dispositions		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Impairments		—			—			—			—			(776	)		—			—			—			(4,331	)		(5,107	)
Translation adjustments		1,088			(2,420	)		3,673			—			(73	)		—			771			—			72			3,111
Other		—			—			(2,988	)		—			—			—			—			—			—			(2,988	)
Balance, March 31, 2019:
Goodwill — gross		153,955			403,676			252,262			5,320			9,765			179,331			46,564			7,931			28,570			1,087,374
Accumulated impairments		—			(306	)		(106,778	)		(5,320	)		(1,097	)		(176,045	)		—			(706	)		(28,570	)		(318,822	)
Goodwill		153,955			403,370			145,484			—			8,668			3,286			46,564			7,225			—			768,552

* Acquisitions for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 relate mainly to EMI Music Publishing acquisition in the Music segment. Refer to Note 25.

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Insurance-related accounts (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Insurance [Abstract]

Policyholders' Account in Life Insurance Business

Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business is comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018		2019
Universal life insurance		1,951,906		2,104,646
Investment contracts		738,404		816,903
Other		130,392		126,653
Total		2,820,702		3,048,202

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Short-term borrowings and long-term debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Short-Term Borrowings

Short-term borrowings are comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018		2019
Unsecured loans:
with a weighted-average interest rate of 3.95%		64,480
with a weighted-average interest rate of 2.52%				55,186
Secured loans:
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.12%		27
Repurchase agreement:
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.18%		335,586
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.56%				432,820
Secured call money:
with a weighted-average interest rate of (0.07)%		96,000
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.18%				130,612
		496,093		618,618

Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt is comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018		2019
Unsecured loans, representing obligations principally to banks:
Due 2018 to 2024, with interest rates ranging from 0.01% to 5.10% per annum		49,454
Due 2019 to 2024, with interest rates ranging from 0.01 % to 7.89 % per annum				57,321
Unsecured 0.86% bonds, due 2018		150,000
Unsecured 2.00% bonds, due 2018		16,300
Unsecured 0.05% bonds, due 2019		69,879		69,964
Unsecured 2.07% bonds, due 2019		50,000		50,000
Unsecured 0.23% bonds, due 2021		89,744		89,819
Unsecured 0.11% bonds, due 2022		10,000		10,000
Unsecured 1.41% bonds, due 2022		10,000		10,000
Unsecured 0.28% bonds, due 2023		15,000		15,000
Unsecured 0.22% bonds, due 2025		10,000		10,000
Unsecured 0.42% bonds, due 2026		24,899		24,911
Unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds, due 2022, conversion price 5,008.0 yen per common share		119,976		119,961
Secured 0.00% loans, due 2019 to 2022		170,002
Secured 0.00% loans, due 2020 to 2023				200,003
Capital lease obligations and other:
Due 2018 to 2047, with interest rates ranging from 0.36% to 11.88% per annum		52,929
Due 2019 to 2048, with interest rates ranging from 0.36% to 9.14% per annum				72,991
Guarantee deposits received		10,790		10,863
		848,973		740,833
Less — Portion due within one year		225,522		172,461
		623,451		568,372

Aggregate Amounts of Annual Maturities of Long-Term Debt

Aggregate amounts of annual maturities of long-term debt are as follows:

Fiscal year ending March 31	Yen in millions
2020		172,461
2021		41,466
2022		186,004
2023		227,987
2024		18,102
Later fiscal years		94,813
Total		740,833

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Housing loans and deposits from customers in the banking business (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Banking and Thrift [Abstract]

Aggregate Amounts of Annual Maturities of Time Deposits with Remaining Term of More Than One Year

At March 31, 2019, aggregate amounts of annual maturities of time deposits with a remaining term of more than one year are as follows:

Fiscal year ending March 31	Yen in millions
2021		66,796
2022		15,513
2023		11,083
2024		10,813
2025		2,530
Later fiscal years		25,047
Total		131,782

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Fair value measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis

The fair value of Sony’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2018 and 2019 are as follows. Sony adopted ASU 2016-01 from April 1, 2018, and as a result, equity securities which were previously included in the trading securities category are included in the equity securities category as of March 31, 2019.

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2018
									Presentation in the consolidated balance sheets
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Marketable securities		Securities investments and other		Other current assets/ liabilities		Other noncurrent assets/ liabilities
Assets:
Trading securities		712,113		335,949		—		1,048,062		1,048,062		—		—		—
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
Japanese national government bonds		—		1,409,610		—		1,409,610		20,473		1,389,137		—		—
Japanese local government bonds		—		67,569		—		67,569		8,548		59,021		—		—
Japanese corporate bonds		—		208,708		—		208,708		8,041		200,667		—		—
Foreign government bonds*1		—		69,539		—		69,539		—		69,539		—		—
Foreign corporate bonds*2		—		338,587		27,878		366,465		88,228		278,237		—		—
Securitized products*3		—		15,736		83,614		99,350		—		99,350		—		—
Equity securities		126,330		293		—		126,623		—		126,623		—		—
Other investments*4		6,192		5,099		9,104		20,395		—		20,395		—		—
Derivative assets*5		2,194		37,332		—		39,526		—		—		37,003		2,523
Total assets		846,829		2,488,422		120,596		3,455,847		1,173,352		2,242,969		37,003		2,523
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities*5		1,407		34,317		—		35,724		—		—		20,550		15,174
Total liabilities		1,407		34,317		—		35,724		—		—		20,550		15,174

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2019
									Presentation in the consolidated balance sheets
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Marketable securities		Securities investments and other		Other current assets/ liabilities		Other noncurrent assets/ liabilities
Assets:
Debt securities
Trading securities		22,105		212,012		—		234,117		234,117		—		—		—
Available-for-sale securities
Japanese national government bonds		—		1,643,589		—		1,643,589		18,719		1,624,870		—		—
Japanese local government bonds		—		67,497		—		67,497		7,768		59,729		—		—
Japanese corporate bonds		—		219,388		—		219,388		11,472		207,916		—		—
Foreign government bonds*1		—		161,495		—		161,495		3,984		157,511		—		—
Foreign corporate bonds*2		—		338,163		22,704		360,867		90,801		270,066		—		—
Securitized products*3		—		25,029		165,083		190,112		—		190,112		—		—
Other		—		4,688		—		4,688		—		4,688		—		—
Equity securities		1,037,100		135,794		—		1,172,894		951,390		221,504		—		—
Other investments*4		5,489		1,507		6,918		13,914		—		13,914		—		—
Derivative assets*5		444		10,042		—		10,486		—		—		9,431		1,055
Total assets		1,065,138		2,819,204		194,705		4,079,047		1,318,251		2,750,310		9,431		1,055
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities*5		136		32,686		—		32,822		—		—		19,852		12,970
Total liabilities		136		32,686		—		32,822		—		—		19,852		12,970

*1 2,875 million yen and 4,910 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively, and are included in the consolidated balance sheets as securities investments and other.

*2 160,470 million yen and 173,964 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively. In the consolidated balance sheets, 25,955 million yen and 33,391 million yen are included as marketable securities and 134,515 million yen and 140,573 million yen are included as securities investment and other for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

*3 93,971 million yen and 185,195 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 and level 3 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively, and are included in the consolidated balance sheets as securities investments and other.

*4 Other investments include certain hybrid financial instruments and certain private equity investments.

*5 Derivative assets and liabilities are recognized and disclosed on a gross basis.

*6 Net gains of 544 million yen and 85 million yen arising from financial instruments for which the fair value option has been elected are included in financial services revenue in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

Changes in Fair Value of Level Three Assets and Liabilities

The changes in fair value of level 3 assets and liabilities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019 are as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018
	Assets
	Available-for-sale securities
	Debt securities
	Japanese corporate bonds			Foreign corporate bonds			Securitized products			Other investments
Beginning balance		1,310			41,177			15,192			10,483
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
Included in earnings*1		—			(307	)		(3,032	)		(65	)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)*2		—			(84	)		1			(489	)
Purchases		—			12,604			74,736			139
Sales		—			—			—			(10	)
Settlements		—			(18,540	)		(3,283	)		(954	)
Transfers into level 3*3		—			—			—			—
Transfers out of level 3*4		(1,310	)		(6,972	)		—			—
Ending balance		—			27,878			83,614			9,104
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to instruments still held at reporting date:
Included in earnings*1		—			(468	)		(2,278	)		(65	)
	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
	Assets
	Available-for-sale securities
	Debt securities
	Japanese corporate bonds			Foreign corporate bonds			Securitized products			Other investments
Beginning balance		—			27,878			83,614			9,104
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
Included in earnings*1		—			465			562			276
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)*2		—			131			1			—
Purchases		—			5,787			94,696			4
Sales		—			—			—			(6	)
Settlements		—			(10,435	)		(13,601	)		(2,460	)
Transfers into level 3*3		—			20,863			5,284			—
Transfers out of level 3*4		—			(21,985	)		(5,473	)		—
Ending balance		—			22,704			165,083			6,918
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to instruments still held at reporting date:
Included in earnings*1		—			219			510			441

*1 Earning effects are included in financial services revenue in the consolidated statements of income.

*2 Unrealized gains (losses) are included in unrealized gains (losses) on securities in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

*3 Certain corporate bonds and certain securitized products were transferred into level 3 because differences between the fair value determined by indicative quotes from dealers and the fair value determined by internally developed prices became significant and the observability of the inputs used decreased.

*4 Certain corporate bonds and certain securitized products were transferred out of level 3 because observable market data became available.

Assets and Liabilities Remeasured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, such remeasurements to fair value related primarily to the following:

	During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018
	Estimated fair value						Amounts included in earnings
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Long-lived assets impairments		—		—		19,375		(53,741	)
								(53,741	)
	During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
	Estimated fair value						Amounts included in earnings
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Long-lived assets impairments		—		—		4,389		(44,135	)
Goodwill impairment		—		—		0		(5,107	)
								(49,242	)

Estimated Fair Values by Fair Value Hierarchy Level of Certain Financial Instruments not Reported at Fair Value

The estimated fair values by fair value hierarchy level of certain financial instruments that are not reported at fair value are summarized as follows:

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2018
	Estimated fair value								Carrying amount
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Total
Assets:
Housing loans in the banking business		—		1,686,842		—		1,686,842		1,522,415
Total assets		—		1,686,842		—		1,686,842		1,522,415
Liabilities:
Long-term debt including the current portion		—		877,576		—		877,576		848,973
Investment contracts included in policyholders’ account in the life insurance business		—		766,558		—		766,558		738,404
Total liabilities		—		1,644,134		—		1,644,134		1,587,377
	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2019
	Estimated fair value								Carrying amount
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Total
Assets:
Housing loans in the banking business		—		1,861,384		—		1,861,384		1,685,504
Total assets		—		1,861,384		—		1,861,384		1,685,504
Liabilities:
Long-term debt including the current portion		—		737,529		—		737,529		740,833
Investment contracts included in policyholders’ account in the life insurance business		—		877,157		—		877,157		816,903
Total liabilities		—		1,614,686		—		1,614,686		1,557,736

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Derivative instruments and hedging activities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Estimated Fair Values of Outstanding Derivative Instruments

The estimated fair values of Sony’s outstanding derivative instruments are summarized as follows:

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	Yen in millions
	Balance sheet location	Fair value				Balance sheet location	Fair value
		March 31					March 31
	Asset derivatives	2018		2019		Liability derivatives	2018		2019
Interest rate contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets		12		10	Current liabilities: Other		160		141
Interest rate contracts	Other assets: Other		286		101	Liabilities: Other		10,281		8,274
Foreign exchange contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets		48		131	Current liabilities: Other		1,535		42
			346		242			11,976		8,457
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	Yen in millions
	Balance sheet location	Fair value				Balance sheet location	Fair value
		March 31					March 31
	Asset derivatives	2018		2019		Liability derivatives	2018		2019
Interest rate contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets		12		39	Current liabilities: Other		299		344
Interest rate contracts	Other assets: Other		1,871		882	Liabilities: Other		3,612		3,637
Foreign exchange contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets		34,737		8,807	Current liabilities: Other		17,149		11,549
Foreign exchange contracts	Other assets: Other		366		72	Liabilities: Other		1,281		1,059
Equity contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets		2,194		444	Current liabilities: Other		1,407		7,776
			39,180		10,244			23,748		24,365
Total derivatives			39,526		10,486			35,724		32,822

Effects of Derivative Instruments on Consolidated Statements of Income and Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Presented below are the effects of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019.

Derivatives under fair value hedging relationships	Yen in millions
	Location of gains or (losses) recognized in income on derivative instruments	Amounts of gains or (losses) recognized in income on derivative instruments
		Fiscal year ended March 31
		2017			2018			2019
Interest rate contracts	Financial services revenue		1,967			(52	)		(1,835	)
Foreign exchange contracts	Foreign exchange loss, net		(31	)		—			—
Total			1,936			(52	)		(1,835	)
	Yen in millions
Derivatives under cash flow hedging relationships	Affected line item in consolidated statements of income	Fiscal year ended March 31
		2017			2018			2019
		Amounts recognized in unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments in OCI (before tax)
Foreign exchange contracts	—		6,715			(2,295	)		2,315
Total			6,715			(2,295	)		2,315
		Amounts reclassified from unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments in accumulated OCI (effective portion) (before tax)
Foreign exchange contracts	Cost of sales		(5,583	)		1,111			(1,093	)
Total			(5,583	)		1,111			(1,093	)

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	Yen in millions
	Location of gains or (losses) recognized in income on derivative instruments	Amounts of gains or (losses) recognized in income on derivative instruments
		Fiscal year ended March 31
		2017			2018			2019
Interest rate contracts	Financial services revenue		(935	)		(1,544	)		(3,192	)
Foreign exchange contracts	Financial services revenue		(5,365	)		2,013			(8,198	)
Foreign exchange contracts	Foreign exchange loss, net		12,339			21,370			(7,437	)
Equity contracts	Financial services revenue		(18,597	)		(11,665	)		(7,649	)
Total			(12,558	)		10,174			(26,476	)

Summary of Derivatives Additional Information Including Notional Amounts

The following table summarizes additional information, including notional amounts, for each type of derivative:

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2018					March 31, 2019
	Notional amount		Fair value			Notional amount		Fair value
Foreign exchange contracts:
Foreign exchange forward contracts		1,105,393		7,071			701,880		(304	)
Currency option contracts purchased		206		1			53,846		179
Currency option contracts written		156		(1	)		58,825		(35	)
Currency swap agreements		1,230,254		4,613			959,777		(5,564	)
Other currency contracts		84,623		3,502			68,513		2,084
Interest rate contracts:
Interest rate swap agreements		398,291		(12,171	)		339,934		(11,346	)
Interest rate swaption agreements		—		—			5,300		(18	)
Equity contracts:
Equity future contracts		106,876		787			58,725		308
Equity swap agreements		—		—			63,107		(7,640	)

Summary of Effects of Offsetting Derivative Assets, Derivative Liabilities, Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

Presented below are the effects of offsetting derivative assets, derivative liabilities, financial assets and financial liabilities as of March 31, 2018 and 2019.

	Yen in millions
	As of March 31, 2018
	Gross amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet		Gross amounts not offset in the consolidated balance sheet that are subject to  master netting agreements
			Financial instruments		Cash collateral		Net amounts
Derivative assets subject to master netting agreements		15,404		7,724		449		7,231
Derivative assets not subject to master netting agreements		24,122						24,122
Total assets		39,526		7,724		449		31,353
Derivative liabilities subject to master netting agreements		34,455		8,326		14,334		11,795
Derivative liabilities not subject to master netting agreements		1,269						1,269
Repurchase, securities lending and similar arrangements		335,586		334,246		—		1,340
Total liabilities		371,310		342,572		14,334		14,404

	Yen in millions
	As of March 31, 2019
	Gross amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet		Gross amounts not offset in the consolidated balance sheet that are subject to  master netting agreements
			Financial instruments		Cash collateral		Net amounts
Derivative assets subject to master netting agreements		6,855		3,442		136		3,277
Derivative assets not subject to master netting agreements		3,631						3,631
Total assets		10,486		3,442		136		6,908
Derivative liabilities subject to master netting agreements		25,872		3,970		20,191		1,711
Derivative liabilities not subject to master netting agreements		6,950						6,950
Repurchase, securities lending and similar arrangements		432,820		432,820		—		—
Total liabilities		465,642		436,790		20,191		8,661

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Pension and severance plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Components of Net Periodic Benefit Costs

The components of net periodic benefit costs for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were as follows:

Japanese plans:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Service cost		26,811			25,185			23,128
Interest cost		5,912			8,024			7,020
Expected return on plan assets		(17,829	)		(16,440	)		(16,695	)
Recognized actuarial loss		20,436			16,099			15,365
Amortization of prior service costs		(9,490	)		(8,693	)		(7,864	)
Net periodic benefit costs		25,840			24,175			20,954

Foreign plans:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Service cost		2,958			3,181			2,780
Interest cost		10,426			10,393			10,083
Expected return on plan assets		(11,000	)		(11,687	)		(11,797	)
Amortization of net transition asset		9			5			—
Recognized actuarial loss		2,552			3,014			2,656
Amortization of prior service costs		(463	)		(574	)		(269	)
Losses on curtailments and settlements		43			1,058			1,804
Net periodic benefit costs		4,525			5,390			5,257

Changes in Benefit Obligation and Plan Assets as well as Funded Status and Composition of Amounts Recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheets

The changes in the benefit obligation and plan assets as well as the funded status and composition of amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets were as follows:

	Japanese plans						Foreign plans
	Yen in millions						Yen in millions
	March 31						March 31
	2018			2019			2018			2019
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of the fiscal year		1,004,676			1,010,574			352,442			356,397
Service cost		25,185			23,128			3,181			2,780
Interest cost		8,024			7,020			10,393			10,083
Plan participants’ contributions		—			—			573			462
Actuarial loss		21,920			29,295			663			1,700
Foreign currency exchange rate changes		—			—			8,858			(1,554	)
Curtailments and settlements		—			—			(5,422	)		(6,120	)
Effect of changes in consolidated subsidiaries		—			—			—			1,947
Other		(8	)		6			—			—
Benefits paid		(49,223	)		(35,069	)		(14,291	)		(13,777	)
Benefit obligation at end of the fiscal year		1,010,574			1,034,954			356,397			351,918
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year		699,008			711,077			259,177			269,745
Actual return on plan assets		38,896			18,701			13,426			15,243
Foreign currency exchange rate changes		—			—			6,181			(838	)
Employer contribution		6,090			36,875			9,040			8,542
Plan participants’ contributions		—			—			573			462
Curtailments and settlements		—			—			(5,285	)		(5,960	)
Benefits paid		(32,917	)		(24,449	)		(13,367	)		(12,445	)
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year		711,077			742,204			269,745			274,749
Funded status at end of the fiscal year		(299,497	)		(292,750	)		(86,652	)		(77,169	)

Amounts Recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheets

Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of:

	Japanese plans						Foreign plans
	Yen in millions						Yen in millions
	March 31						March 31
	2018			2019			2018			2019
Noncurrent assets		3,426			3,476			8,396			14,745
Current liabilities		—			—			(4,121	)		(4,412	)
Noncurrent liabilities		(302,923	)		(296,226	)		(90,927	)		(87,502	)
Ending balance		(299,497	)		(292,750	)		(86,652	)		(77,169	)

Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Excluding Tax Effect

Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, excluding tax effects, consist of:

	Japanese plans						Foreign plans
	Yen in millions						Yen in millions
	March 31						March 31
	2018			2019			2018			2019
Prior service cost (credit)		(16,723	)		(8,859	)		(488	)		(45	)
Net actuarial loss		299,852			311,128			73,404			71,906
Ending balance		283,129			302,269			72,916			71,861

Accumulated Benefit Obligations for All Defined Benefit Pension Plans

The accumulated benefit obligations for all defined benefit pension plans were as follows:

	Japanese plans				Foreign plans
	Yen in millions				Yen in millions
	March 31				March 31
	2018		2019		2018		2019
Accumulated benefit obligations		1,005,557		1,029,910		340,353		336,185

Projected Benefit Obligations, Accumulated Benefit Obligations and Fair Value of Plan Assets for Pension Plans with Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets

The projected benefit obligations, the accumulated benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets for pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows:

	Japanese plans				Foreign plans
	Yen in millions				Yen in millions
	March 31				March 31
	2018		2019		2018		2019
Projected benefit obligations		998,629		1,022,235		301,046		200,596
Accumulated benefit obligations		993,612		1,017,191		293,834		196,928
Fair value of plan assets		695,706		726,009		215,510		123,937

Weighted-Average Assumptions Used to Determine Benefit Obligations and Net Periodic Benefit Costs

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of March 31, 2018 and 2019 were as follows:

	Japanese plans						Foreign plans
	March 31						March 31
	2018			2019			2018			2019
Discount rate		0.8	%		0.6	%		2.9	%		2.8	%
Rate of compensation increase		*			*			2.6			2.3

* Substantially all of Sony’s Japanese pension plans were point-based. Point-based plans do not incorporate a measure of compensation rate increases.

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine the net periodic benefit costs for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were as follows:

	Japanese plans									Foreign plans
	Fiscal year ended March 31									Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019			2017			2018			2019
Discount rate		0.6	%		0.9	%		0.8	%		3.2	%		3.1	%		2.9	%
Expected return on plan assets		2.7			2.4			2.6			4.8			4.6			4.4
Rate of compensation increase		*			*			*			2.8			2.4			2.6

* Substantially all of Sony’s Japanese pension plans were point-based. Point-based plans do not incorporate a measure of compensation rate increases.

Fair Values of Assets Held by Japanese and Foreign Plans

The fair values of the assets held by Japanese and foreign plans, which are classified in accordance with the fair value hierarchy described in Note 2, are as follows:

	Japanese plans
	Yen in millions
	Fair value at March 31, 2018		Fair value measurements using inputs considered as
Asset class			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash and cash equivalents		9,446		9,446		—		—
Equity:
Equity securities*1		138,443		134,091		4,352		—
Fixed income:
Government bonds*2		225,879		—		225,879		—
Corporate bonds*3		79,323		—		79,323		—
Asset-backed securities*4		121		—		121		—
Commingled funds*5		122,950		—		122,950		—
Commodity funds*6		21,136		—		21,136		—
Private equity*7		24,144		—		—		24,144
Hedge funds*8		70,204		—		—		70,204
Real estate and other*9		19,431		—		—		19,431
Total		711,077		143,537		453,761		113,779

	Japanese plans
	Yen in millions
	Fair value at March 31, 2019		Fair value measurements using inputs considered as
Asset class			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash and cash equivalents		10,689		10,689		—		—
Equity:								—
Equity securities*1		140,559		135,713		4,846		—
Fixed income:								—
Government bonds*2		210,817		—		210,817		—
Corporate bonds*3		97,519		—		97,519		—
Asset-backed securities*4		1,537		—		1,537		—
Commingled funds*5		138,455		—		138,455		—
Commodity funds*6		21,674		—		21,674		—
Private equity*7		27,956		—		—		27,956
Hedge funds*8		71,606		—		—		71,606
Real estate and other*9		21,392		—		—		21,392
Total		742,204		146,402		474,848		120,954

*1 Includes approximately 52 percent and 51 percent of Japanese equity securities, and 48 percent and 49 percent of foreign equity securities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

*2 Includes approximately 49 percent and 48 percent of debt securities issued by Japanese national and local governments, and 51 percent and 52 percent of debt securities issued by foreign national and local governments for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

*3 Includes debt securities issued by Japanese and foreign corporation and government related agencies.

*4 Includes primarily mortgage-backed securities.

*5 Commingled funds represent pooled institutional investments, including primarily investment trusts. They include approximately 51 percent and 50 percent of investments in equity, 48 percent and 49 percent of investments in fixed income, and 1 percent and 1 percent of investments in other for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

*6 Represents commodity futures funds.

*7 Includes multiple private equity funds of funds that primarily invest in venture, buyout, and distressed markets in the United States and Europe.

*8 Includes primarily funds that invest in a portfolio of a broad range of hedge funds to diversify the risks and reduce the volatilities associated with a single hedge fund.

*9 Includes primarily private real estate investment trusts.

	Foreign plans
	Yen in millions
	Fair value at March 31, 2018		Fair value measurements using inputs considered as
Asset class			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash and cash equivalents		2,377		2,377		—		—
Equity:
Equity securities*1		30,916		29,814		1,102		—
Fixed income:
Government bonds*2		78,129		—		78,129		—
Corporate bonds*3		26,424		—		21,121		5,303
Asset-backed securities		960		—		960		—
Insurance contracts*4		18,670		—		5,941		12,729
Commingled funds*5		75,785		—		75,785		—
Real estate and other*6		36,484		—		10,508		25,976
Total		269,745		32,191		193,546		44,008

	Foreign plans
	Yen in millions
	Fair value at March 31, 2019		Fair value measurements using inputs considered as
Asset class			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash and cash equivalents		4,340		4,340		—		—
Equity:
Equity securities*1		23,766		23,113		653		—
Fixed income:
Government bonds*2		84,761		—		84,761		—
Corporate bonds*3		32,749		—		32,749		—
Asset-backed securities		1,115		—		1,115		—
Insurance contracts*4		18,308		—		5,814		12,494
Commingled funds*5		76,503		—		76,503		—
Real estate and other*6		33,207		—		11,118		22,089
Total		274,749		27,453		212,713		34,583

*1 Includes primarily foreign equity securities.

*2 Includes primarily foreign government debt securities.

*3 Includes primarily foreign corporate debt securities.

*4 Represents annuity contracts with or without profit sharing.

*5 Commingled funds represent pooled institutional investments including mutual funds, common trust funds, and collective investment funds. They are primarily comprised of foreign equities and fixed income investments.

*6 Includes primarily private real estate investment trusts.

Summary of Changes in Fair Values of Japanese and Foreign Plans' Level Three Assets

The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair values of Japanese and foreign plans’ level 3 assets for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019:

	Japanese plans
	Yen in millions
	Fair value measurement using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
	Private equity			Hedge funds		Real estate and other		Total
Beginning balance at April 1, 2017		21,790			67,235		17,925		106,950
Return on assets held at end of year		1,483			636		425		2,544
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net		871			2,333		1,081		4,285
Ending balance at March 31, 2018		24,144			70,204		19,431		113,779
Return on assets held at end of year		4,428			659		1,622		6,709
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net		(616	)		743		339		466
Ending balance at March 31, 2019		27,956			71,606		21,392		120,954

	Foreign plans
	Yen in millions
	Fair value measurement using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
	Insurance contracts			Corporate bonds			Real estate and other			Total
Beginning balance at April 1, 2017		—			6,926			22,929			29,855
Return on assets held at end of year		—			—			1,101			1,101
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net		12,651			(1,256	)		12			11,407
Transfers, net		—			—			1,181			1,181
Other*		78			(367	)		753			464
Ending balance at March 31, 2018		12,729			5,303			25,976			44,008
Return on assets held at end of year		736			—			559			1,295
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net		(389	)		—			(3,809	)		(4,198	)
Transfers, net		—			(5,540	)		123			(5,417	)
Other*		(582	)		237			(760	)		(1,105	)
Ending balance at March 31, 2019		12,494			—			22,089			34,583

* Primarily consists of translation adjustments.

Expected Future Benefit Payments

The expected future benefit payments are as follows:

	Japanese plans		Foreign plans
Fiscal year ending March 31	Yen in millions		Yen in millions
2020		41,345		17,972
2021		40,700		17,892
2022		42,487		18,138
2023		43,740		18,896
2024		46,345		19,441
2025 — 2029		238,416		107,668

Total Defined Contribution Expenses

Total defined contribution expenses for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017		2018		2019
Japanese plans		3,412		3,237		3,353
Foreign plans		10,458		11,379		11,602

XML

Stockholders' equity (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Equity [Abstract]

Changes in Number of Shares of Common Stock Issued and Outstanding

Changes in the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 have resulted from the following:

	Number of shares
Balance at March 31, 2016		1,262,493,760
Exercise of stock acquisition rights		1,269,900
Balance at March 31, 2017		1,263,763,660
Issuance of new shares		218,000
Exercise of stock acquisition rights		2,565,700
Conversion of convertible bonds		4,789
Balance at March 31, 2018		1,266,552,149
Issuance of new shares		149,900
Exercise of stock acquisition rights		4,525,300
Conversion of convertible bonds		2,992
Balance at March 31, 2019		1,271,230,341

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, by component for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Unrealized gains (losses) on securities			Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments			Pension liability adjustment			Foreign currency translation adjustments			Total
Balance at March 31, 2016		140,736			(1,198	)		(371,739	)		(421,117	)		(653,318	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		(27,007	)		5,028			54,513			(17,988	)		14,546
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income		(3,286	)		(3,888	)		8,719			—			1,545
Net other comprehensive income		(30,293	)		1,140			63,232			(17,988	)		16,091
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(16,192	)		—			229			(2,495	)		(18,458	)
Balance at March 31, 2017		126,635			(58	)		(308,736	)		(436,610	)		(618,769	)

	Yen in millions
	Unrealized gains (losses) on securities			Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments			Pension liability adjustment			Foreign currency translation adjustments			Total
Balance at March 31, 2017		126,635			(58	)		(308,736	)		(436,610	)		(618,769	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		2,013			(2,295	)		1,779			(4,480	)		(2,983	)
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income*		(943	)		1,111			10,611			(1,855	)		8,924
Net other comprehensive income		1,070			(1,184	)		12,390			(6,335	)		5,941
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		1,514			—			98			2,306			3,918
Balance at March 31, 2018		126,191			(1,242	)		(296,444	)		(445,251	)		(616,746	)

	Yen in millions
	Unrealized gains (losses) on securities			Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments			Pension liability adjustment			Foreign currency translation adjustments			Total
Balance at March 31, 2018		126,191			(1,242	)		(296,444	)		(445,251	)		(616,746	)
Cumulative effect of ASU2016-01		(15,526	)		—			—			—			(15,526	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		33,124			2,316			(23,448	)		10,071			22,063
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income*		161			(1,093	)		9,488			(1,627	)		6,929
Net other comprehensive income		33,285			1,223			(13,960	)		8,444			28,992
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		8,915			—			53			(1,578	)		7,390
Balance at March 31, 2019		135,035			(19	)		(310,457	)		(435,229	)		(610,670	)

* Foreign currency translation adjustments were transferred from accumulated other comprehensive income to net income as a result of a complete or substantially complete liquidation or sale of certain foreign subsidiaries and affiliates.

Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were as follows:

	Yen in millions
Comprehensive income components	Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income									Affected line items in consolidated statements of income
	2017			2018			2019
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities		(4,560	)		(646	)		235		Financial services revenue
		(30	)		(561	)		—		Gain on sale of securities investments, net
Total before tax		(4,590	)		(1,207	)		235
Tax expense or (benefit)		1,304			264			(74	)
Net of tax		(3,286	)		(943	)		161
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments		(5,583	)		1,111			(1,093	)	Cost of sales
Total before tax		(5,583	)		1,111			(1,093	)
Tax expense or (benefit)		1,695			—			—
Net of tax		(3,888	)		1,111			(1,093	)
Pension liability adjustment		13,044			11,034			9,891		*
Tax expense or (benefit)		(4,325	)		(423	)		(403	)
Net of tax		8,719			10,611			9,488
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—			(1,855	)		(1,627	)	Foreign exchange loss, net and other operating (income) expense, net
Tax expense or (benefit)		—			—			—
Net of tax		—			(1,855	)		(1,627	)
Total amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax		1,545			8,924			6,929

* The amortization of pension and postretirement benefit components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. Refer to Note 15.

Net Income Attributable to Sony Corporation's Stockholders and Transfers (to) from Noncontrolling Interests

Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders and transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interests for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders		73,289			490,794			916,271
Transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interests:
Decrease in additional paid-in capital for purchase of additional shares in consolidated subsidiaries		(53,927	)		(74	)		(22,775	)
Change from net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders and transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interests		19,362			490,720			893,496

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Stock-based compensation plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Weighted-Average Assumptions used to Determine Fair Value of Stock Acquisition Rights Granted

2019 was 1,291 yen, 2,045 yen and 1,593 yen, respectively. The fair value of stock acquisition rights granted on the date of grant and used to recognize compensation expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Weighted-average assumptions
Risk-free interest rate		1.10	%		1.14	%		1.37	%
Expected lives		6.83	years		6.55	years		5.98	years
Expected volatility*		40.00	%		38.49	%		32.52	%
Expected dividends		0.66	%		0.40	%		0.35	%

* Expected volatility was based on the historical volatilities of Sony Corporation’s common stock over the expected life of the stock acquisition rights.

Summary of Activities Regarding Stock Acquisition Rights Plan

A summary of the activities regarding the stock acquisition rights plan during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 is as follows:

	Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
	Number of shares		Weighted- average exercise price		Weighted- average remaining life		Total intrinsic value
			Yen		Years		Yen in millions
Outstanding at beginning of the fiscal year		14,005,900		3,017
Granted		2,907,300		5,108
Exercised		4,525,300		2,819
Forfeited or expired		174,000		3,862
Outstanding at end of the fiscal year		12,213,900		3,665		7.46		11,133
Exercisable at end of the fiscal year		5,820,800		2,855		5.84		9,867

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Revenue (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

Contract assets and contract liabilities are comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	April 1, 2018		March 31, 2019
Contract assets		15,241		19,147
Contract liabilities*		258,327		254,646

* Contract liabilities are included in the consolidated balance sheets as “Other”, both current and non-current.

Summary of Remaining Performance Obligations that are Unsatisfied

usage-based royalty revenue on licenses of intellectual property. The following table shows the summary of the transaction prices allocated to remaining performance obligations that are unsatisfied at March 31, 2019, of which more than half are expected to be recognized within one year and substantially all within three years.

	Yen in millions
	March 31, 2019
Pictures — Motion Pictures and Television Productions*1		476,197
Pictures — Media Networks		25,996
Music*2		93,783
Others		45,597

*1 For Motion Pictures and Television Productions in the Pictures segment, Sony has included all contracts regardless of duration.

*2 Amount included in the Music segment primarily consists of minimum royalty guarantees or fixed fees in contracts related to license revenue for ongoing access to an evolving library of content. These contracts also include sales-based or usage-based royalties that are excluded from the amount above, of which substantially all are recognized as revenue within three years.

Schedule of Contract Costs

Contract costs are comprised as follows:

	Yen in millions
	April 1, 2018		March 31, 2019
Incremental costs of obtaining a contract		7,703		6,581

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Restructuring charges (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Changes in Accrued Restructuring Charges

The changes in the accrued restructuring charges for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 are as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Employee termination benefits			Non-cash write-downs and disposals, net*			Other associated costs			Total
Balance at March 31, 2016		22,531			—			11,735			34,266
Restructuring costs		9,854			42,717			7,142			59,713
Non-cash charges		—			(42,717	)		—			(42,717	)
Cash payments		(19,759	)		—			(8,871	)		(28,630	)
Adjustments		(992	)		—			(839	)		(1,831	)
Balance at March 31, 2017		11,634			—			9,167			20,801
Restructuring costs		18,999			2,233			1,147			22,379
Non-cash charges		—			(2,233	)		—			(2,233	)
Cash payments		(9,950	)		—			(6,352	)		(16,302	)
Adjustments		(1,197	)		—			226			(971	)
Balance at March 31, 2018		19,486			—			4,188			23,674
Restructuring costs		24,449			2,731			5,825			33,005
Non-cash charges		—			(2,731	)		—			(2,731	)
Cash payments		(19,150	)		—			(2,555	)		(21,705	)
Adjustments		955			—			(357	)		598
Balance at March 31, 2019		25,740			—			7,101			32,841

* Significant asset impairments excluded from restructuring charges are described in Note 13.

Total Costs Incurred in Connection with Restructuring Programs by Segment

Total costs incurred in connection with these restructuring programs by segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 are as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31, 2017
	Employee termination benefits		Other associated costs*			Total net restructuring charges			Depreciation associated with restructured assets		Total
Game & Network Services		225		6			231			—		231
Music		2,116		1,474			3,590			—		3,590
Pictures		2,467		—			2,467			—		2,467
Home Entertainment & Sound		68		684			752			—		752
Imaging Products & Solutions		563		77			640			—		640
Mobile Communications		516		172			688			138		826
Semiconductors		4		(13	)		(9	)		—		(9	)
Financial Services		—		—			—			—		—
All Other and Corporate		3,895		47,459			51,354			364		51,718
Total		9,854		49,859			59,713			502		60,215

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018
	Employee termination benefits		Other associated costs*		Total net restructuring charges		Depreciation associated with restructured assets		Total
Game & Network Services		—		—		—		—		—
Music		6,358		272		6,630		—		6,630
Pictures		2,922		—		2,922		—		2,922
Home Entertainment & Sound		846		6		852		—		852
Imaging Products & Solutions		530		94		624		—		624
Mobile Communications		2,008		18		2,026		0		2,026
Semiconductors		28		—		28		—		28
Financial Services		—		—		—		—		—
All Other and Corporate		6,307		2,990		9,297		26		9,323
Total		18,999		3,380		22,379		26		22,405

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
	Employee termination benefits		Other associated costs*		Total net restructuring charges		Depreciation associated with restructured assets		Total
Game & Network Services		—		—		—		—		—
Music		2,991		201		3,192		—		3,192
Pictures		4,795		—		4,795		—		4,795
Home Entertainment & Sound		—		—		—		—		—
Imaging Products & Solutions		—		—		—		—		—
Mobile Communications		11,437		4,574		16,011		86		16,097
Semiconductors		—		—		—		—		—
Financial Services		—		—		—		—		—
All Other and Corporate		5,226		3,781		9,007		—		9,007
Total		24,449		8,556		33,005		86		33,091

* Other associated costs includes non-cash write-downs and disposals, net

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Supplemental consolidated statements of income information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]

Components of Other Operating (Income) Expense, Net

Other operating (income) expense, net is comprised of the following:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Gain on sale of Sony City Osaki*1		(4,914	)		(4,914	)		—
Gain on remeasurement of EMI shares*2		—			—			(116,939	)
Gain on sale and issuance of M3 shares*3		(37,167	)		(18	)		(61	)
(Gain) loss on purchase/sale of interests in subsidiaries and affiliates, net*4		(4,259	)		(29,595	)		(1,496	)
(Gain) loss on sale, disposal or impairment of assets, net*5		195,341			38,599			46,928
		149,001			4,072			(71,568	)

*1 A portion of gain on sale and leaseback transactions is deferred and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

*2 Refer to Notes 5 and 25.

*3 Refer to Note 5.

*4 Refer to Notes 25 and 26.

*5 Refer to Notes 9, 13, 20 and 26.

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Income taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Domestic and Foreign Income and Provision for Current and Deferred Income Taxes

Domestic and foreign components of income before income taxes and the provision for current and deferred income taxes attributable to such income are summarized as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017		2018			2019
Income before income taxes:
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan		166,158		436,494			310,020
Foreign subsidiaries		85,461		262,555			701,628
		251,619		699,049			1,011,648
Income taxes — Current:
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan		49,739		69,697			82,081
Foreign subsidiaries		50,521		57,988			84,667
		100,260		127,685			166,748
Income taxes — Deferred:
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan		11,478		29,640			17,907
Foreign subsidiaries		12,320		(5,555	)		(139,557	)
		23,798		24,085			(121,650	)
Total income tax expense		124,058		151,770			45,098

Reconciliation of Statutory Tax Rate and Effective Tax Rate

A reconciliation of the differences between the Japanese statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate is as follows:

	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Statutory tax rate		31.7	%		31.5	%		31.5	%
Non-deductible expenses		2.3			0.8			0.7
Income tax credits		(2.9	)		(0.6	)		(1.6	)
Change in statutory tax rate and law		0.3			(1.2	)		(0.3	)
Change in valuation allowances (other than the reversal of Sony Americas Holding Inc. (“SAHI”) and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group below)		7.3			(5.2	)		2.3
The reversal of valuation allowances of SAHI and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group		—			—			(15.3	)
Change in deferred tax liabilities on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures		(1.4	)		(0.8	)		(0.1	)
Lower tax rate applied to life and non-life insurance business in Japan		(2.2	)		(0.8	)		(0.5	)
Foreign income tax differential		(3.0	)		(2.6	)		(6.4	)
Adjustments to tax reserves		(1.1	)		(0.8	)		(0.3	)
Effect of equity in net income of affiliated companies		0.0			0.0			0.0
The remeasurement gain for the equity interest in EMI		—			—			(2.4	)
Impairment of goodwill in the Pictures segment		15.0			—			—
Other		3.3			1.4			(3.1	)
Effective income tax rate		49.3	%		21.7	%		4.5	%

Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018			2019
Deferred tax assets:
Operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes		439,206			413,494
Accrued pension and severance costs		106,161			103,652
Amortization including film costs		95,069			86,196
Warranty reserves and accrued expenses		104,410			108,515
Future insurance policy benefits		33,812			36,683
Inventory		15,792			19,716
Depreciation		43,353			34,638
Tax credit carryforwards		125,327			117,471
Reserve for doubtful accounts		8,534			9,136
Impairment of investments		14,146			12,278
Deferred revenue		14,478			19,081
Other		132,800			169,897
Gross deferred tax assets		1,133,088			1,130,757
Less: Valuation allowance		(899,835	)		(723,114	)
Total deferred tax assets		233,253			407,643
Deferred tax liabilities:
Insurance acquisition costs		(166,717	)		(169,244	)
Future insurance policy benefits		(167,058	)		(181,052	)
Unbilled accounts receivable in the Pictures segment		(63,196	)		(44,842	)
Unrealized gains on securities		(83,298	)		(75,573	)
Gain on equity securities		—			(33,082	)
Intangible assets acquired through stock exchange offerings		(23,949	)		(23,949	)
Intangible assets derived from EMI Music Publishing acquisition		—			(93,979	)
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures		(14,160	)		(15,758	)
Investment in M3		(35,802	)		(37,007	)
Other		(32,164	)		(62,092	)
Gross deferred tax liabilities		(586,344	)		(736,578	)
Net deferred tax liabilities		(353,091	)		(328,935	)

Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Gross Amounts of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending gross amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Balance at beginning of the fiscal year		114,126			119,529			95,425
Reductions for tax positions of prior years		(558	)		(8,809	)		(31,396	)
Additions for tax positions of prior years		13,353			4,681			3,094
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year		8,231			5,740			2,594
Settlements		(8,300	)		(21,893	)		(4,235	)
Lapse in statute of limitations		(3,454	)		(3,469	)		(14,824	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(3,869	)		(354	)		(81	)
Balance at end of the fiscal year		119,529			95,425			50,577
Total net amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate		45,987			39,308			35,004

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Reconciliation of the differences between basic and diluted EPS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Differences between Basic and Diluted EPS

Reconciliation of the differences between basic and diluted EPS for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 is as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017		2018		2019
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders for basic and diluted EPS computation		73,289		490,794		916,271
	Thousands of shares
Weighted-average shares outstanding		1,262,023		1,263,895		1,266,592
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock acquisition rights		2,358		4,565		4,088
Zero coupon convertible bonds		23,962		23,960		23,966
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS computation		1,288,343		1,292,420		1,294,646
	Yen
Basic EPS		58.07		388.32		723.41
Diluted EPS		56.89		379.75		707.74

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Acquisitions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Summary of Purchase Price Allocation

The primary areas of the purchase price allocation that are not yet finalized are related to income taxes and the residual goodwill.

	Yen in millions
Cash and cash equivalents		12,971
Notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets		32,287
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		10,220
Securities investments and other		1,476
Intangibles, net		420,534
Goodwill		237,271
Other		10,023
Total assets		724,782
Notes and accounts payable, trade		1,731
Accounts payable, other and accrued expenses		70,675
Accrued income and other taxes		3,082
Long-term debt		148,621
Accrued pension and severance costs		1,947
Deferred income taxes		94,849
Other		5,564
Total liabilities		326,469

Unaudited Supplemental Pro Forma Financial Information

The following unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of Sony and EMI as though the acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018:

	Yen in millions, Yen per share amounts
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2018		2019
Net sales		8,612,280		8,738,209
Operating income		854,786		801,973
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders		584,019		817,629
Per share data:
— Basic EPS		462.08		645.53
— Diluted EPS		451.88		631.55

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Commitments, contingent liabilities and other (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Aggregate Amounts of Year-by-Year Payment of Purchase Commitments

The schedule of the aggregate amounts of year-by-year payment of purchase commitments during the next five fiscal years and thereafter is as follows:

Fiscal year ending March 31	Yen in millions
2020		344,417
2021		82,600
2022		55,492
2023		40,349
2024		26,387
Later fiscal years		44,093
Total		593,338

Changes in Product Warranty Liability

The changes in the product warranty liability for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 are as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Balance at beginning of the fiscal year		64,450			57,694			44,717
Additional liabilities for warranties		51,465			32,179			23,041
Settlements (in cash or in kind)		(47,922	)		(30,570	)		(26,326	)
Changes in estimate for pre-existing warranty reserve		(8,120	)		(16,802	)		(7,370	)
Translation adjustments		(2,179	)		2,216			(1,057	)
Balance at end of the fiscal year		57,694			44,717			33,005

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Business segment information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Components of Segment Sales and Operating Revenue

Segment sales and operating revenue:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Sales and operating revenue:
Game & Network Services —
Customers		1,581,568			1,848,298			2,224,622
Intersegment		68,231			95,514			86,250
Total		1,649,799			1,943,812			2,310,872
Music —
Customers		630,767			784,792			795,025
Intersegment		16,891			15,203			12,464
Total		647,658			799,995			807,489
Pictures —
Customers		901,230			1,010,173			985,270
Intersegment		1,899			894			1,603
Total		903,129			1,011,067			986,873
Home Entertainment & Sound —
Customers		1,034,215			1,221,734			1,154,533
Intersegment		4,789			999			878
Total		1,039,004			1,222,733			1,155,411
Imaging Products & Solutions —
Customers		571,499			647,163			661,304
Intersegment		8,134			8,729			9,146
Total		579,633			655,892			670,450
Mobile Communications —
Customers		752,688			713,916			487,330
Intersegment		6,457			9,826			10,670
Total		759,145			723,742			498,000
Semiconductors—
Customers		659,779			726,892			770,622
Intersegment		113,344			123,118			108,708
Total		773,123			850,010			879,330
Financial Services —
Customers		1,080,284			1,221,235			1,274,708
Intersegment		7,220			7,142			7,831
Total		1,087,504			1,228,377			1,282,539
All Other —
Customers		375,116			351,527			299,806
Intersegment		75,334			55,647			45,931
Total		450,450			407,174			345,737
Corporate and elimination		(286,195	)		(298,820	)		(271,014	)
Consolidated total		7,603,250			8,543,982			8,665,687

G&NS intersegment amounts primarily consist of transactions with All Other. Semiconductors intersegment amounts primarily consist of transactions with the G&NS segment, the IP&S segment and the MC segment. All Other intersegment amounts primarily consist of transactions with the G&NS segment, the Music segment and the Pictures segment. Corporate and elimination includes certain brand and patent royalty income.

Segment profit or loss:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Operating income (loss):
Game & Network Services		135,553			177,478			311,092
Music		75,798			127,786			232,487
Pictures		(80,521	)		41,110			54,599
Home Entertainment & Sound		58,504			85,841			89,669
Imaging Products & Solutions		47,257			74,924			83,975
Mobile Communications		10,164			(27,636	)		(97,136	)
Semiconductors		(7,811	)		164,023			143,874
Financial Services		166,424			178,947			161,477
All Other		(29,585	)		(23,530	)		(11,127	)
Total		375,783			798,943			968,910
Corporate and elimination		(87,081	)		(64,083	)		(74,675	)
Consolidated operating income		288,702			734,860			894,235
Other income		14,418			23,728			144,735
Other expenses		(51,501	)		(59,539	)		(27,322	)
Consolidated income before income taxes		251,619			699,049			1,011,648

Operating income (loss) is sales and operating revenue less costs and expenses, and includes equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies.

Corporate and elimination includes headquarters restructuring costs and certain other corporate expenses, including the amortization of certain intellectual property assets such as the cross-licensing of intangible assets acquired from Ericsson at the time of the Sony Mobile Communications acquisition, which are not allocated to segments.

Pursuant to a separation of Sony’s businesses into distinct subsidiaries and a realignment of corporate functions, changes have been made to the method of calculating the amount of pension and severance-related expenses allocated to Sony’s headquarters and each business segment from the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. As a result of these changes, an increase in corporate costs totaling 7.5 billion yen is included in Corporate and elimination for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. Conversely, a decrease in expenses totaling the same amount is included in each business segment, mainly in the Semiconductors (3.2 billion yen) and IP&S (2.0 billion yen) segments. These changes have no impact on consolidated operating income.

Other significant items:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies:
Game & Network Services		—			—			—
Music		5,435			4,483			(6,915	)
Pictures		(35	)		(129	)		106
Home Entertainment & Sound		—			—			—
Imaging Products & Solutions		—			—			—
Mobile Communications		(79	)		(102	)		(38	)
Semiconductors		—			—			—
Financial Services		(3,601	)		(61	)		(682	)
All Other		1,843			4,378			4,530
Consolidated total		3,563			8,569			(2,999	)
Depreciation and amortization:
Game & Network Services		25,486			29,091			29,023
Music		16,124			18,230			21,259
Pictures		20,487			24,458			24,081
Home Entertainment & Sound		19,830			21,136			21,887
Imaging Products & Solutions		25,442			23,928			24,867
Mobile Communications		19,794			19,215			14,995
Semiconductors		102,328			99,258			110,746
Financial Services, including deferred insurance acquisition costs		47,056			79,843			91,179
All Other		7,407			5,910			4,940
Total		283,954			321,069			342,977
Corporate		43,094			40,375			31,049
Consolidated total		327,048			361,444			374,026

The following table includes a breakdown of sales and operating revenue to external customers by product category for certain segments. Sony management views each segment as a single operating segment.

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017		2018		2019
Sales and operating revenue:
Game & Network Services
Digital Software and Add-on Content		525,683		762,220		1,102,231
Network Services		189,241		270,972		326,524
Hardware and Others		866,644		815,106		795,867
Total		1,581,568		1,848,298		2,224,622
Music
Recorded Music		388,948		446,960		426,926
Music Publishing		66,541		74,360		106,666
Visual Media and Platform		175,278		263,472		261,433
Total		630,767		784,792		795,025
Pictures
Motion Pictures		409,363		448,945		436,017
Television Productions		271,886		289,024		288,816
Media Networks		219,981		272,204		260,437
Total		901,230		1,010,173		985,270
Home Entertainment & Sound
Televisions		720,557		861,763		788,423
Audio and Video		311,771		357,194		362,580
Other		1,887		2,777		3,530
Total		1,034,215		1,221,734		1,154,533
Imaging Products & Solutions
Still and Video Cameras		351,834		415,318		421,506
Other		219,665		231,845		239,798
Total		571,499		647,163		661,304
Mobile Communications		752,688		713,916		487,330
Semiconductors		659,779		726,892		770,622
Financial Services		1,080,284		1,221,235		1,274,708
All Other		375,116		351,527		299,806
Corporate		16,104		18,252		12,467
Consolidated total		7,603,250		8,543,982		8,665,687

Components of Segment Profit or Loss

Segment profit or loss:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Operating income (loss):
Game & Network Services		135,553			177,478			311,092
Music		75,798			127,786			232,487
Pictures		(80,521	)		41,110			54,599
Home Entertainment & Sound		58,504			85,841			89,669
Imaging Products & Solutions		47,257			74,924			83,975
Mobile Communications		10,164			(27,636	)		(97,136	)
Semiconductors		(7,811	)		164,023			143,874
Financial Services		166,424			178,947			161,477
All Other		(29,585	)		(23,530	)		(11,127	)
Total		375,783			798,943			968,910
Corporate and elimination		(87,081	)		(64,083	)		(74,675	)
Consolidated operating income		288,702			734,860			894,235
Other income		14,418			23,728			144,735
Other expenses		(51,501	)		(59,539	)		(27,322	)
Consolidated income before income taxes		251,619			699,049			1,011,648

Components of Other Significant Items

Other significant items:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017			2018			2019
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies:
Game & Network Services		—			—			—
Music		5,435			4,483			(6,915	)
Pictures		(35	)		(129	)		106
Home Entertainment & Sound		—			—			—
Imaging Products & Solutions		—			—			—
Mobile Communications		(79	)		(102	)		(38	)
Semiconductors		—			—			—
Financial Services		(3,601	)		(61	)		(682	)
All Other		1,843			4,378			4,530
Consolidated total		3,563			8,569			(2,999	)
Depreciation and amortization:
Game & Network Services		25,486			29,091			29,023
Music		16,124			18,230			21,259
Pictures		20,487			24,458			24,081
Home Entertainment & Sound		19,830			21,136			21,887
Imaging Products & Solutions		25,442			23,928			24,867
Mobile Communications		19,794			19,215			14,995
Semiconductors		102,328			99,258			110,746
Financial Services, including deferred insurance acquisition costs		47,056			79,843			91,179
All Other		7,407			5,910			4,940
Total		283,954			321,069			342,977
Corporate		43,094			40,375			31,049
Consolidated total		327,048			361,444			374,026

The following table includes a breakdown of sales and operating revenue to external customers by product category for certain segments. Sony management views each segment as a single operating segment.

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017		2018		2019
Sales and operating revenue:
Game & Network Services
Digital Software and Add-on Content		525,683		762,220		1,102,231
Network Services		189,241		270,972		326,524
Hardware and Others		866,644		815,106		795,867
Total		1,581,568		1,848,298		2,224,622
Music
Recorded Music		388,948		446,960		426,926
Music Publishing		66,541		74,360		106,666
Visual Media and Platform		175,278		263,472		261,433
Total		630,767		784,792		795,025
Pictures
Motion Pictures		409,363		448,945		436,017
Television Productions		271,886		289,024		288,816
Media Networks		219,981		272,204		260,437
Total		901,230		1,010,173		985,270
Home Entertainment & Sound
Televisions		720,557		861,763		788,423
Audio and Video		311,771		357,194		362,580
Other		1,887		2,777		3,530
Total		1,034,215		1,221,734		1,154,533
Imaging Products & Solutions
Still and Video Cameras		351,834		415,318		421,506
Other		219,665		231,845		239,798
Total		571,499		647,163		661,304
Mobile Communications		752,688		713,916		487,330
Semiconductors		659,779		726,892		770,622
Financial Services		1,080,284		1,221,235		1,274,708
All Other		375,116		351,527		299,806
Corporate		16,104		18,252		12,467
Consolidated total		7,603,250		8,543,982		8,665,687

Sales and Operating Revenue to External Customers by Product Category

The following table includes a breakdown of sales and operating revenue to external customers by product category for certain segments. Sony management views each segment as a single operating segment.

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017		2018		2019
Sales and operating revenue:
Game & Network Services
Digital Software and Add-on Content		525,683		762,220		1,102,231
Network Services		189,241		270,972		326,524
Hardware and Others		866,644		815,106		795,867
Total		1,581,568		1,848,298		2,224,622
Music
Recorded Music		388,948		446,960		426,926
Music Publishing		66,541		74,360		106,666
Visual Media and Platform		175,278		263,472		261,433
Total		630,767		784,792		795,025
Pictures
Motion Pictures		409,363		448,945		436,017
Television Productions		271,886		289,024		288,816
Media Networks		219,981		272,204		260,437
Total		901,230		1,010,173		985,270
Home Entertainment & Sound
Televisions		720,557		861,763		788,423
Audio and Video		311,771		357,194		362,580
Other		1,887		2,777		3,530
Total		1,034,215		1,221,734		1,154,533
Imaging Products & Solutions
Still and Video Cameras		351,834		415,318		421,506
Other		219,665		231,845		239,798
Total		571,499		647,163		661,304
Mobile Communications		752,688		713,916		487,330
Semiconductors		659,779		726,892		770,622
Financial Services		1,080,284		1,221,235		1,274,708
All Other		375,116		351,527		299,806
Corporate		16,104		18,252		12,467
Consolidated total		7,603,250		8,543,982		8,665,687

Sales and Operating Revenue Attributed to Countries and Areas Based on Location of External Customers and Long-Lived Assets

Sales and operating revenue attributed to countries and areas based on location of external customers for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 and property, plant and equipment, net as of March 31, 2018 and 2019 are as follows:

	Yen in millions
	Fiscal year ended March 31
	2017		2018		2019
Sales and operating revenue:
Japan		2,392,790		2,625,619		2,591,784
United States		1,673,768		1,835,705		1,982,135
Europe		1,634,683		1,841,457		1,862,166
China		557,995		674,718		770,416
Asia-Pacific		866,712		1,024,179		912,193
Other Areas		477,302		542,304		546,993
Total		7,603,250		8,543,982		8,665,687

	Yen in millions
	March 31
	2018		2019
Property, plant and equipment, net:
Japan		563,593		590,694
United States		97,979		113,581
Europe		23,302		22,622
China		11,232		11,694
Asia-Pacific		36,738		34,273
Other Areas		6,626		4,189
Total		739,470		777,053

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions		12 Months Ended
	Apr. 01, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Description of evaluating factors in relation to available for sale securities		If the fair value of the security is 20 percent or more below its original cost for an extended period of time (generally for a period of up to six months)
Percentage of other-than-temporary fair value of security		20.00%
Accounting Standards Update 2016-01
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Reclassification of accumulated other comprehensive income classified as available-for-sale to retained earnings		¥ 15,526
Software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Amortization period of intangible assets		3 years
Minimum | Subsequent event | Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated increase in right to use assets upon adoption of accounting pronouncement	¥ 300,000
Minimum | Buildings
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Useful lives for depreciation		2 years
Minimum | Machinery, equipment and others
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Useful lives for depreciation		2 years
Minimum | Patent rights; know-how; license agreements; trademarks; software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed, and internal-use software
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Amortization period of intangible assets		3 years
Minimum | Customer relationships, music catalogs, artist contracts and television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements)
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Amortization period of intangible assets		10 years
Maximum | Subsequent event | Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated increase in right to use assets upon adoption of accounting pronouncement	¥ 350,000
Maximum | Buildings
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Useful lives for depreciation		50 years
Maximum | Machinery, equipment and others
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Useful lives for depreciation		10 years
Maximum | Patent rights; know-how; license agreements; trademarks; software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed, and internal-use software
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Amortization period of intangible assets		10 years
Maximum | Customer relationships, music catalogs, artist contracts and television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements)
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Amortization period of intangible assets		44 years

XML

Summary of significant accounting policies - Schedule of Impact on Company's Income Statement Due to Adoption of Accounting Pronouncements (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Sales and operating revenue	¥ 8,665,687	¥ 8,543,982	¥ 7,603,250
Costs of sales	5,150,750	5,188,259	4,753,010
Selling, general and administrative	1,576,825	1,583,197	1,505,956
Others	1,043,877
Operating income	894,235	¥ 734,860	¥ 288,702
As previously reported
Sales and operating revenue	8,677,257
Costs of sales	5,169,768
Selling, general and administrative	1,575,459
Others	1,043,877
Operating income	888,153
Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606 | Accounting Standards Update 2014-09
Sales and operating revenue	(11,570)
Costs of sales	(19,018)
Selling, general and administrative	1,366
Operating income	¥ 6,082

XML

Summary of significant accounting policies - Schedule of New Accounting Pronouncement Balance Sheet (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions		Mar. 31, 2019	Apr. 01, 2018		Mar. 31, 2018		Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2016
Current assets:
Notes and accounts receivable, trade		¥ 1,091,242	¥ 1,058,449		¥ 1,061,442
Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns		(25,440)	(23,549)	[1]	(48,663)	[1]
Inventories		653,278	680,533		692,937
Other receivables		223,620	200,334		190,706
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		509,301	511,224		516,744
Film costs		409,005	335,292		327,645
Other assets:
Deferred income taxes		202,486	96,446		96,772
Other		339,996	326,235		325,167
Total assets		20,981,586	19,087,752		19,065,538
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable, other and accrued expenses		1,693,048	1,511,143		1,514,433
Other		666,024	642,569	[1]	610,792	[1]
Deferred income taxes		531,421	435,183		449,863
Other		281,382	288,863		278,338
Total liabilities		16,536,095	15,433,503		15,409,171
EQUITY
Retained earnings		2,320,586	1,448,363		1,440,387
Unrealized gains on securities, net		135,035	110,665		126,191
Noncontrolling interests		690,313	685,223		679,791
Total equity		4,436,690	3,645,039		3,647,157		¥ 3,135,422	¥ 3,124,410
Total liabilities and equity		¥ 20,981,586	¥ 19,087,752		19,065,538
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09
Current assets:
Notes and accounts receivable, trade					(2,993)
Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns	[1]				25,114
Inventories					(12,404)
Other receivables					9,628
Prepaid expenses and other current assets					(5,520)
Film costs					7,647
Other assets:
Deferred income taxes					(326)
Other					1,068
Total assets					22,214
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable, other and accrued expenses					(3,290)
Other	[1]				31,777
Other					10,525
Total liabilities					39,012
EQUITY
Retained earnings					(16,798)
Total equity					(16,798)
Total liabilities and equity					22,214
Accounting Standards Update 2016-01
EQUITY
Retained earnings					15,526
Unrealized gains on securities, net					(15,526)
Accounting Standards Update 2016-16
Current liabilities:
Deferred income taxes					(14,680)
Total liabilities					(14,680)
EQUITY
Retained earnings					9,248
Noncontrolling interests					5,432
Total equity					¥ 14,680

[1] Under ASU 2014-09, Sony presents sales returns as a liability instead of as a contra-asset allowance. Accordingly, Sony changed the presentation from "Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns" to "Allowance for doubtful accounts" on the consolidated balance sheet.

XML

Inventories (Summary of Inventories) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Apr. 01, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Finished products	¥ 407,295		¥ 422,461
Work in process	154,178		153,257
Raw materials, purchased components and supplies	91,805		117,219
Inventories	¥ 653,278	¥ 680,533	¥ 692,937

XML

Film Costs (Summary of Film Costs) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Apr. 01, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018
Motion picture productions:
Released	¥ 87,158		¥ 81,755
Completed and not released	3,189		1,728
In production and development	130,736		78,868
Television productions:
Released	144,316		127,790
In production and development	9,147		1,174
Broadcasting rights	70,401		72,125
Less: current portion of broadcasting rights included in inventories	(35,942)		(35,795)
Film costs	¥ 409,005	¥ 335,292	¥ 327,645

XML

Film Costs - Additional Information (Detail) ¥ in Billions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019 JPY (¥)
Film Costs [Abstract]
Unamortized film costs of released motion picture and television productions	93.00%
Completed film costs expected to be amortized during the next twelve months	¥ 168
Accrued participation liabilities expected to be paid in next twelve months	¥ 166

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Investments in Affiliated Companies (Summarized Combined Financial Information Provided by Equity Investees) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Current assets	¥ 355,320	¥ 404,658
Noncurrent assets	608,626	868,455
Current liabilities	188,905	273,067
Noncurrent liabilities and noncontrolling interests	584,714	768,007
Net revenues	390,457	468,933	¥ 387,229
Operating income	53,920	56,729	37,800
Net income attributable to controlling interests	¥ 5,539	¥ 27,301	¥ 11,529
Minimum
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Percentage of ownership in equity investees	20.00%	20.00%	20.00%
Maximum
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Percentage of ownership in equity investees	50.00%	50.00%	50.00%

XML

Investments in Affiliated Companies - Additional Information (Detail) ¥ in Millions		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 30, 2017 JPY (¥) shares	Mar. 31, 2019 JPY (¥) Entity	Mar. 31, 2018 JPY (¥) Entity	Mar. 31, 2017 JPY (¥)	Nov. 14, 2018	Jan. 29, 2017	Apr. 01, 2015
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Aggregate carrying value of investments in several affiliated companies		¥ 104,079
Fair value of investments in several affiliated companies		¥ 423,108
Number of affiliated companies accounted for under the equity method | Entity		133	107
Dividends received from affiliated companies		¥ 4,948	¥ 5,613	¥ 7,970
DH Publishing, L.P.
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Percentage of equity interest					60.00%
M3, Inc.
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Percentage of equity interest	34.00%					39.35%
Number of shares sold | shares	17,302,700
Number of shares held | shares	127,381,600
Cash consideration from sale of shares	¥ 51,968
Gain on sale of shares				¥ 37,167
Difference between carrying value and underlying net assets		¥ 102,696
Difference between carrying value and underlying net assets, accounting treatment for amounts allocated to intangible assets		The amounts allocated to intangible assets are amortized net of the related tax effects to equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies over their respective estimated useful lives, principally 10 years, using the straight-line method.
SFI Leasing Company, Limited
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Percentage of equity interest		34.00%
MITSUI-SOKO Supply Chain Solutions, Inc
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Percentage of equity interest							34.00%
MITSUI-SOKO Supply Chain Solutions, Inc | General and Administrative Expenses
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Related party transaction, amounts of transaction		¥ 10,606	9,123
MITSUI-SOKO Supply Chain Solutions, Inc | Accrued Expenses
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Related party transaction, account balances		¥ 3,435	¥ 3,662

XML

Investments in Affiliated Companies (Account Balances and Transactions with Affiliated Companies Accounted for under Equity Method) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Short-term borrowings	¥ 618,618	¥ 496,093
Equity Method Investee
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, trade	12,404	15,516
Accounts payable, trade	1,087	2,568
Short-term borrowings	29,744	22,849
Capital lease obligations	20,265	13,294
Sales	41,437	45,415	¥ 31,238
Purchases	5,584	3,180	1,966
Lease payments	¥ 7,455	¥ 7,749	¥ 16,492

XML

Transfer of Financial Assets - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Transfers and Servicing [Abstract]
Trade accounts receivable sold	¥ 81,947	¥ 84,718	¥ 73,185

XML

Marketable Securities and Securities Investments (Aggregate Cost, Gross Unrealized Gains and Losses and Fair Value Pertaining to Available-for-Sale Securities and Held-to-Maturity Securities) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity securities, Cost	¥ 6,842,072	¥ 6,542,954
Held-to-maturity securities, Gross unrealized gains	2,080,142	1,660,684
Held-to-maturity securities, Gross unrealized losses	(19,587)	(56,850)
Held-to-maturity securities, Fair value	8,902,627	8,146,788
Marketable securities and securities investments, Cost	9,240,711	8,630,233
Marketable securities and securities investments, Gross unrealized gains	2,330,395	1,927,460
Marketable securities and securities investments, Gross unrealized losses	(20,843)	(63,041)
Marketable securities and securities investments, Fair value	11,550,263	10,494,652
Debt securities
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Available-for-Sale, Cost	2,398,639	2,031,603
Available-for-Sale, Gross unrealized gains	250,253	195,053
Available-for-Sale, Gross unrealized losses	(1,256)	(5,415)
Available-for-Sale, Fair value	2,647,636	2,221,241
Equity securities
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Available-for-Sale, Cost		55,676
Available-for-Sale, Gross unrealized gains		71,723
Available-for-Sale, Gross unrealized losses		(776)
Available-for-Sale, Fair value		126,623
Japanese national government bonds
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity securities, Cost	6,042,635	5,892,868
Held-to-maturity securities, Gross unrealized gains	2,016,786	1,635,036
Held-to-maturity securities, Gross unrealized losses		(20,890)
Held-to-maturity securities, Fair value	8,059,421	7,507,014
Japanese national government bonds | Debt securities
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Available-for-Sale, Cost	1,422,620	1,227,139
Available-for-Sale, Gross unrealized gains	220,989	182,830
Available-for-Sale, Gross unrealized losses	(20)	(359)
Available-for-Sale, Fair value	1,643,589	1,409,610
Japanese local government bonds
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity securities, Cost	3,518	3,850
Held-to-maturity securities, Gross unrealized gains	388	413
Held-to-maturity securities, Fair value	3,906	4,263
Japanese local government bonds | Debt securities
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Available-for-Sale, Cost	67,461	67,574
Available-for-Sale, Gross unrealized gains	70	107
Available-for-Sale, Gross unrealized losses	(34)	(112)
Available-for-Sale, Fair value	67,497	67,569
Japanese corporate bonds
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity securities, Cost	409,329	345,818
Held-to-maturity securities, Gross unrealized gains	44,348	16,912
Held-to-maturity securities, Gross unrealized losses	(5,845)	(17,390)
Held-to-maturity securities, Fair value	447,832	345,340
Japanese corporate bonds | Debt securities
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Available-for-Sale, Cost	202,433	199,880
Available-for-Sale, Gross unrealized gains	17,178	9,844
Available-for-Sale, Gross unrealized losses	(223)	(1,016)
Available-for-Sale, Fair value	219,388	208,708
Foreign government bonds
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity securities, Cost	386,392	300,220
Held-to-maturity securities, Gross unrealized gains	18,609	8,310
Held-to-maturity securities, Gross unrealized losses	(13,742)	(18,570)
Held-to-maturity securities, Fair value	391,259	289,960
Foreign government bonds | Debt securities
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Available-for-Sale, Cost	153,429	72,204
Available-for-Sale, Gross unrealized gains	8,669	622
Available-for-Sale, Gross unrealized losses	(603)	(3,287)
Available-for-Sale, Fair value	161,495	69,539
Foreign corporate bonds
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity securities, Cost	198	198
Held-to-maturity securities, Gross unrealized gains	11	13
Held-to-maturity securities, Fair value	209	211
Foreign corporate bonds | Debt securities
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Available-for-Sale, Cost	360,299	365,457
Available-for-Sale, Gross unrealized gains	944	1,649
Available-for-Sale, Gross unrealized losses	(376)	(641)
Available-for-Sale, Fair value	360,867	366,465
Securitized products | Debt securities
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Available-for-Sale, Cost	190,111	99,349
Available-for-Sale, Gross unrealized gains	1	1
Available-for-Sale, Gross unrealized losses		0
Available-for-Sale, Fair value	190,112	¥ 99,350
Other
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Available-for-Sale, Cost	2,286
Available-for-Sale, Gross unrealized gains	2,402
Available-for-Sale, Fair value	¥ 4,688

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Marketable Securities and Securities Investments (Cost and Fair Value of Debt Securities Classified as Available-for-Sale Securities and Held-to-Maturity Securities by Contractual Maturity) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Available for Sale Securities, Cost
Due in one year or less	¥ 132,770
Due after one year through five years	455,624
Due after five years through ten years	476,261
Due after ten years	1,333,984
Total	2,398,639
Available-for-sale securities, Fair value
Due in one year or less	132,745
Due after one year through five years	462,682
Due after five years through ten years	552,287
Due after ten years	1,499,922
Total	2,647,636
Held-to-maturity securities, Cost
Due in one year or less	6,286
Due after one year through five years	37,281
Due after five years through ten years	393,787
Due after ten years	6,404,718
Held-to-maturity securities, Cost	6,842,072	¥ 6,542,954
Held-to-maturity securities, Fair value
Due in one year or less	6,334
Due after one year through five years	40,085
Due after five years through ten years	453,310
Due after ten years	8,402,898
Total	¥ 8,902,627	¥ 8,146,788

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Marketable Securities and Securities Investments - Additional Information (Detail) ¥ in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019 JPY (¥)	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018 JPY (¥)	Mar. 31, 2017 JPY (¥)	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Apr. 03, 2018
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities	¥ 66,906		¥ 39,982	¥ 75,319
Gross realized gains from available-for-sale securities	240		1,257	2,297
Gross realized losses from available-for-sale securities	475		2	37
Marketable securities classified as trading securities	234,117		1,048,062
Net unrealized gains on trading securities	3,610		48,047	¥ 56,593
Net realized gains on sale of equity securities	77,495
Net unrealized gains on revaluation of equity securities	104,168
Investment in non public companies	25,720		¥ 52,361
Equity securities without readily determinable fair value, downward price adjustment	0
Equity securities without readily determinable fair value, upward price adjustment	4,285
Spotify Technology SA
Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Ownership percentage						5.707%
Proceed from sale of shares	82,616	$ 768
Gain on equity securities, net	54,179	504
Gross fair value of retained shares	78,947				$ 711
Gain on equity securities, net	¥ 47,543	$ 449

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Marketable Securities and Securities Investments (Gross Unrealized Losses and Fair Value of Securities with Unrealized Losses, Aggregated by Investment Category and Length of Time of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Investments, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, fair value	¥ 103,410	¥ 107,324
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(167)	(2,382)
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, fair value	60,193	140,942
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, unrealized losses	(1,089)	(3,033)
Available-for-sale securities, fair value, total	163,603	248,266
Available-for-sale securities, unrealized losses, total	(1,256)	(5,415)
Held-to-maturity securities, less than 12 months, fair value		20,448
Held-to-maturity securities, less than 12 months, unrealized losses		(704)
Held-to-maturity securities, 12 months or more, fair value	249,213	613,609
Held-to-maturity securities, 12 months or more , unrealized losses	(19,587)	(56,146)
Held-to-maturity securities, fair value, total	249,213	634,057
Held-to-maturity securities, unrealized losses, total	(19,587)	(56,850)
Held-to-maturity And Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, fair value	103,410	141,631
Held-to-maturity And Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(167)	(3,862)
Held-to-maturity And Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, fair value	309,406	754,566
Held-to-maturity And Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, unrealized losses	(20,676)	(59,179)
Held-to-maturity And Available-for-sale securities, fair value, total	412,816	896,197
Held-to-maturity And Available-for-sale securities, unrealized losses, total	(20,843)	(63,041)
Equity securities
Investments, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, fair value		13,859
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, unrealized losses		(776)
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, fair value		15
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, unrealized losses		0
Available-for-sale securities, fair value, total		13,874
Available-for-sale securities, unrealized losses, total		(776)
Japanese national government bonds
Investments, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, fair value		10,118
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, unrealized losses		(11)
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, fair value	4,063	32,836
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, unrealized losses	(20)	(348)
Available-for-sale securities, fair value, total	4,063	42,954
Available-for-sale securities, unrealized losses, total	(20)	(359)
Held-to-maturity securities, 12 months or more, fair value		304,564
Held-to-maturity securities, 12 months or more , unrealized losses		(20,890)
Held-to-maturity securities, fair value, total		304,564
Held-to-maturity securities, unrealized losses, total		(20,890)
Japanese local government bonds
Investments, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, fair value	27,404	9,324
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(29)	(11)
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, fair value	4,872	14,729
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, unrealized losses	(5)	(101)
Available-for-sale securities, fair value, total	32,276	24,053
Available-for-sale securities, unrealized losses, total	(34)	(112)
Japanese corporate bonds
Investments, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, fair value	25,725	11,046
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(21)	(10)
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, fair value	19,925	64,119
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, unrealized losses	(202)	(1,006)
Available-for-sale securities, fair value, total	45,650	75,165
Available-for-sale securities, unrealized losses, total	(223)	(1,016)
Held-to-maturity securities, 12 months or more, fair value	97,984	174,815
Held-to-maturity securities, 12 months or more , unrealized losses	(5,845)	(17,390)
Held-to-maturity securities, fair value, total	97,984	174,815
Held-to-maturity securities, unrealized losses, total	(5,845)	(17,390)
Foreign government bonds
Investments, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, fair value		40,156
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, unrealized losses		(2,281)
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, fair value	15,878	7,752
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, unrealized losses	(603)	(1,006)
Available-for-sale securities, fair value, total	15,878	47,908
Available-for-sale securities, unrealized losses, total	(603)	(3,287)
Held-to-maturity securities, less than 12 months, fair value		20,448
Held-to-maturity securities, less than 12 months, unrealized losses		(704)
Held-to-maturity securities, 12 months or more, fair value	151,229	134,230
Held-to-maturity securities, 12 months or more , unrealized losses	(13,742)	(17,866)
Held-to-maturity securities, fair value, total	151,229	154,678
Held-to-maturity securities, unrealized losses, total	(13,742)	(18,570)
Foreign corporate bonds
Investments, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, fair value	50,281	34,840
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(117)	(69)
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, fair value	15,455	21,191
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, unrealized losses	(259)	(572)
Available-for-sale securities, fair value, total	65,736	56,031
Available-for-sale securities, unrealized losses, total	¥ (376)	(641)
Securitized products
Investments, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, fair value		1,840
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, unrealized losses		0
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, fair value		315
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, unrealized losses		0
Available-for-sale securities, fair value, total		2,155
Available-for-sale securities, unrealized losses, total		¥ 0

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Leases (Leased Assets under Capital Leases) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Capital Leased Assets [Line Items]
Accumulated amortization	¥ (61,349)	¥ (58,861)
Leased assets under capital leases, Net	60,655	41,269
Machinery, equipment and others
Capital Leased Assets [Line Items]
Leased assets under capital leases	92,915	93,491
Buildings
Capital Leased Assets [Line Items]
Leased assets under capital leases	¥ 29,089	¥ 6,639

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Leases (Future Minimum Lease Payments under Capital Leases with Present Value of Net Minimum Lease Payments) (Detail) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019 JPY (¥)
Capital Leases, Future Minimum Payments, Present Value of Net Minimum Payments, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2020	¥ 36,195
2021	10,429
2022	6,454
2023	5,246
2024	3,448
Later fiscal years	15,441
Total minimum lease payments	77,213
Less - Amount representing interest	8,385
Present value of net minimum lease payments	68,828
Less - Current obligations	35,144
Long-term capital lease obligations	33,684
Present value of net minimum lease payments	¥ 68,828

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Leases (Minimum Rental Payments Required under Operating Leases that have Initial or Remaining Noncancelable Lease Terms in Excess of One Year) (Detail) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019 JPY (¥)
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2020	¥ 58,901
2021	48,823
2022	34,726
2023	25,355
2024	22,152
Later fiscal years	78,507
Total minimum future rentals	¥ 268,464

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Leases - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Leases [Abstract]
Rental expenses under operating leases	¥ 71,516	¥ 77,950	¥ 77,976
Sublease rental received under operating leases	1,013	¥ 1,325	¥ 1,157
Total minimum rentals to be received in future under noncancelable subleases for operating leases	¥ 1,598

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Line Items]
Finite and indefinite lived intangible assets acquired	¥ 523,504
Acquired finite lived intangible assets subject to amortization	523,494
Aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets	109,452	¥ 123,450	¥ 121,634
Goodwill	768,552	530,492	522,538
Impairments	5,107
Pictures
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Line Items]
Goodwill	¥ 145,484	¥ 144,412	138,153
Pictures | Production and Distribution
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Line Items]
Goodwill			0
Impairments			¥ 112,069

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Acquired Intangible Assets and Weighted-Average Amortization Period) (Detail) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019 JPY (¥)
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired	¥ 523,494
Patent rights, know-how and license agreements
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired	¥ 1,728
Weighted-average amortization period	6 years
Software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired	¥ 17,114
Weighted-average amortization period	3 years
Internal-use software
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired	¥ 72,730
Weighted-average amortization period	4 years
Music catalogs
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired	¥ 412,575	[1]
Weighted-average amortization period	43 years	[1]
Artist contracts
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired	¥ 13,847
Weighted-average amortization period	27 years
Other
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired	¥ 5,500
Weighted-average amortization period	9 years

[1] Includes music catalogs relating to EMI Music Publishing acquisition. Refer to Note 25.

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	¥ 1,649,721	¥ 1,198,213
Accumulated amortization	(823,276)	(762,093)
Patent rights, know-how and license agreements
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	169,761	175,980
Accumulated amortization	(145,525)	(142,724)
Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	15,759	18,881
Accumulated amortization	(11,825)	(7,615)
Trademarks
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	15,768	16,310
Accumulated amortization	(9,863)	(8,451)
Software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	125,350	123,269
Accumulated amortization	(96,322)	(92,457)
Internal-use software
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	529,022	494,649
Accumulated amortization	(345,935)	(315,516)
Music catalogs
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	615,206	207,789
Accumulated amortization	(106,725)	(94,210)
Artist contracts
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	42,575	28,534
Accumulated amortization	(29,108)	(27,650)
Television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	74,605	74,258
Accumulated amortization	(28,685)	(25,884)
Other
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	61,675	58,543
Accumulated amortization	¥ (49,288)	¥ (47,586)

XML

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Estimated Aggregate Amortization Expense for Intangible Assets) (Detail) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019 JPY (¥)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Amortization Expense, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2020	¥ 100,631
2021	84,220
2022	64,747
2023	49,941
2024	¥ 34,907

XML

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Total Carrying Amount of Intangible Assets Having Indefinite Life) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Carrying amount of intangible assets having an indefinite life	¥ 91,521	¥ 91,048
Trademarks
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Carrying amount of intangible assets having an indefinite life	69,447	68,922
Distribution agreements
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Carrying amount of intangible assets having an indefinite life	18,834	18,834
Other
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Carrying amount of intangible assets having an indefinite life	¥ 3,240	¥ 3,292

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill by Segment) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2019		Mar. 31, 2018
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill - gross		¥ 839,030		¥ 837,533
Accumulated impairments		(308,538)		(314,995)
Goodwill		530,492		522,538
Increase (decrease) due to:
Acquisitions		243,044	[1]	21,773
Sales and dispositions				(121)
Impairments		(5,107)
Translation adjustments		3,111		(12,382)
Other		(2,988)		(1,316)
Goodwill - gross		1,087,374		839,030
Accumulated impairments		(318,822)		(308,538)
Goodwill		768,552		530,492
Game & Network Services
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill - gross		150,606		151,938
Goodwill		150,606		151,938
Increase (decrease) due to:
Acquisitions	[1]	2,261
Translation adjustments		1,088		(1,332)
Goodwill - gross		153,955		150,606
Goodwill		153,955		150,606
Music
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill - gross		165,700		166,416
Accumulated impairments		(306)		(306)
Goodwill		165,394		166,110
Increase (decrease) due to:
Acquisitions		240,396	[1]	2,877
Sales and dispositions				(121)
Translation adjustments		(2,420)		(3,472)
Goodwill - gross		403,676		165,700
Accumulated impairments		(306)		(306)
Goodwill		403,370		165,394
Pictures
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill - gross		246,620		246,085
Accumulated impairments		(102,208)		(107,932)
Goodwill		144,412		138,153
Increase (decrease) due to:
Acquisitions		387	[1]	12,842
Translation adjustments		3,673		(6,583)
Other		(2,988)
Goodwill - gross		252,262		246,620
Accumulated impairments		(106,778)		(102,208)
Goodwill		145,484		144,412
Home Entertainment & Sound
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill - gross		5,320		5,320
Accumulated impairments		(5,320)		(5,320)
Increase (decrease) due to:
Goodwill - gross		5,320		5,320
Accumulated impairments		(5,320)		(5,320)
Imaging Products & Solutions
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill - gross		9,817		8,451
Accumulated impairments		(300)		(300)
Goodwill		9,517		8,151
Increase (decrease) due to:
Acquisitions				1,204
Impairments		(776)
Translation adjustments		(73)		162
Goodwill - gross		9,765		9,817
Accumulated impairments		(1,097)		(300)
Goodwill		8,668		9,517
Mobile Communications
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill - gross		179,331		179,331
Accumulated impairments		(176,045)		(176,045)
Goodwill		3,286		3,286
Increase (decrease) due to:
Goodwill - gross		179,331		179,331
Accumulated impairments		(176,045)		(176,045)
Goodwill		3,286		3,286
Semiconductors
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill - gross		45,793		48,069
Goodwill		45,793		48,069
Increase (decrease) due to:
Translation adjustments		771		(1,072)
Other				(1,204)
Goodwill - gross		46,564		45,793
Goodwill		46,564		45,793
Financial Services
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill - gross		7,931		3,081
Accumulated impairments		(706)		(706)
Goodwill		7,225		2,375
Increase (decrease) due to:
Acquisitions				4,850
Goodwill - gross		7,931		7,931
Accumulated impairments		(706)		(706)
Goodwill		7,225		7,225
All Other
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill - gross		27,912		28,842
Accumulated impairments		(23,653)		(24,386)
Goodwill		4,259		4,456
Increase (decrease) due to:
Impairments		(4,331)
Translation adjustments		72		(85)
Other				(112)
Goodwill - gross		28,570		27,912
Accumulated impairments		¥ (28,570)		(23,653)
Goodwill				¥ 4,259

[1] Acquisitions for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 relate mainly to EMI Music Publishing acquisition in the Music segment. Refer to Note 25.

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Insurance-Related Accounts - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, by Product Segment [Line Items]
Combined amounts of statutory net equity of insurance subsidiaries which is not measured in accordance with U.S. GAAP	¥ 548,730	¥ 525,976
Life insurance revenues	910,011	857,766	¥ 754,242
Non-life insurance revenues	111,392	105,497	97,581
Amortization of deferred insurance acquisition costs charged to income	79,906	68,137	¥ 36,130
Future insurance policy benefits	¥ 5,633,865	¥ 5,211,421
Minimum
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, by Product Segment [Line Items]
Interest rates for future policy benefit based on market conditions and expected investment returns	0.80%
Minimum | Interest Sensitive Whole Life Contracts
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, by Product Segment [Line Items]
Credited interest rates associated with policyholder contract deposits	1.80%
Minimum | Investments Contracts
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, by Product Segment [Line Items]
Credited interest rates associated with policyholder contract deposits	0.01%
Maximum
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, by Product Segment [Line Items]
Interest rates for future policy benefit based on market conditions and expected investment returns	4.50%
Maximum | Interest Sensitive Whole Life Contracts
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, by Product Segment [Line Items]
Credited interest rates associated with policyholder contract deposits	2.00%
Maximum | Investments Contracts
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, by Product Segment [Line Items]
Credited interest rates associated with policyholder contract deposits	6.30%

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Insurance-Related Accounts (Policyholders' Account in Life Insurance Business) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Policyholders Account In Life Insurance Business [Abstract]
Policyholders' account in the life insurance business	¥ 3,048,202	¥ 2,820,702
Universal Life Insurance
Policyholders Account In Life Insurance Business [Abstract]
Policyholders' account in the life insurance business	2,104,646	1,951,906
Investments Contracts
Policyholders Account In Life Insurance Business [Abstract]
Policyholders' account in the life insurance business	816,903	738,404
Other
Policyholders Account In Life Insurance Business [Abstract]
Policyholders' account in the life insurance business	¥ 126,653	¥ 130,392

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Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt (Short-Term Borrowings) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term borrowings	¥ 618,618	¥ 496,093
Unsecured Loans Weighted Average Interest Rate 3.95%
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term borrowings		64,480
Unsecured Loans Weighted Average Interest Rate 2.52%
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term borrowings	55,186
Secured Loans Weighted Average Interest Rate 0.12%
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term borrowings		27
Repurchase agreement, weighted average interest rate 0.18%
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term borrowings		335,586
Repurchase agreement, weighted average interest rate 0.56%
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term borrowings	432,820
Secured Call Money Weighted Average Interest Rate 0.07%
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term borrowings		¥ 96,000
Secured Call Money Weighted Average Interest Rate 0.18%
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term borrowings	¥ 130,612

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Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt (Short-Term Borrowings) (Parenthetical) (Detail)	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Unsecured Loans Weighted Average Interest Rate 3.95%
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Debt weighted-average interest rate		3.95%
Unsecured Loans Weighted Average Interest Rate 2.52%
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Debt weighted-average interest rate	2.52%
Secured Loans Weighted Average Interest Rate 0.12%
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Debt weighted-average interest rate		0.12%
Repurchase agreement, weighted average interest rate 0.18%
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Debt weighted-average interest rate		0.18%
Repurchase agreement, weighted average interest rate 0.56%
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Debt weighted-average interest rate	0.56%
Secured Call Money Weighted Average Interest Rate 0.07%
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Debt weighted-average interest rate		(0.07%)
Secured Call Money Weighted Average Interest Rate 0.18%
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Debt weighted-average interest rate	0.18%

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Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt - Additional Information (Detail) ¥ / shares in Units, ¥ in Millions		1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jul. 21, 2015 JPY (¥) TradingDay ¥ / shares	Apr. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018 JPY (¥)	Mar. 31, 2019 JPY (¥) ¥ / shares	May 10, 2019 ¥ / shares	Mar. 31, 2018 JPY (¥) ¥ / shares	Sep. 30, 2016 JPY (¥)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term borrowings				¥ 618,618		¥ 496,093
Long-term debt including current portion				740,833		848,973
EMI Music Publishing
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount newly issued for repayment of borrowings and debt				¥ 350
Due date of unsecured notes				Jun. 15, 2024
Unsecured note annual interest rate				7.625%
Securities Pledged As Collaterals
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Marketable securities and securities investments pledged as collateral, book value				¥ 200,000
Pledged housing loans, book value				13,043
Long-term secured loan				412,560
Committed Lines of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, remaining borrowing capacity				¥ 522,453
Line of credit facility, period up to which company can borrow				180 days
Commercial Paper Programs
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, remaining borrowing capacity				¥ 1,054,950
Line of credit facility, period up to which company can borrow				270 days
Subsequent event | EMI Music Publishing
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Due date of unsecured notes		Jul. 17, 2019
Percentage of Principal Amount Redeemed		105.719%
Cash settlements, variation margins of futures markets and certain other purposes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Marketable securities and securities investments pledged as collateral, book value				¥ 8,822
Repurchase agreement, weighted average interest rate of 0.01%
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Securities investments pledged as collateral, book value				363,322
Repurchase agreement, weighted average interest rate of 0.01% | Securities Pledged As Collaterals
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term borrowings				432,820
Secured Call Money Weighted Average Interest Rate 0.08% | Securities Pledged As Collaterals
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term borrowings				130,612
Marketable securities and securities investments pledged as collateral, book value				59,496
Unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds, due 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt including current portion	¥ 120,000			¥ 119,961		¥ 119,976
Debt instrument interest rate	130.00%
Stock acquisition rights, start date	Sep. 01, 2015
Stock acquisition rights, end date	Sep. 28, 2022
Conversion price per common share | ¥ / shares				¥ 5,008.0		¥ 5,008.0
Amount in excess of dividends for which conversion price is adjusted | ¥ / shares	¥ 25
Debt instrument outstanding percentage	100.00%
Debt instrument redeemable date	Jul. 21, 2020
Debt instrument conversion price percentage on consecutive trading days	130.00%
Debt instrument, convertible, consecutive trading days | TradingDay	20
Basis for conversion bonds outstanding				If the closing sales price per share of Sony's common stock on the Tokyo Stock Exchange is 130% or more of the conversion price of the Zero Coupon Convertible Bonds for 20 consecutive trading days
Unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds, due 2022 | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Conversion price per common share | ¥ / shares	¥ 3,526.5
Amount in excess of dividends for which conversion price is adjusted | ¥ / shares				¥ 25
Unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds, due 2022 | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Conversion price per common share | ¥ / shares	¥ 5,008.0
Amount in excess of dividends for which conversion price is adjusted | ¥ / shares				¥ 35
Unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds, due 2022 | Subsequent event
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Conversion price per common share | ¥ / shares					¥ 4,996.0
Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount newly issued for repayment of borrowings and debt							¥ 200,000
Aggregate principal amount repaid			¥ 150,000

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Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt (Long-Term Debt) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Jul. 21, 2015
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt including current portion	¥ 740,833	¥ 848,973
Less - Portion due within one year	172,461	225,522
Total	568,372	623,451
Unsecured loans, due 2018 to 2024, with interest rates ranging from 0.01% to 5.10% per annum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt including current portion		49,454
Unsecured loans, due 2019 to 2024, with interest rates ranging from 0.01 % to 7.89 % per annum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt including current portion	57,321
Unsecured 0.86% bonds, due 2018
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt including current portion		150,000
Unsecured 2.00% bonds, due 2018
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt including current portion		16,300
Unsecured 0.05% bonds, due 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt including current portion	69,964	69,879
Unsecured 2.07% bonds, due 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt including current portion	50,000	50,000
Unsecured 0.23% bonds, due 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt including current portion	89,819	89,744
Unsecured 0.11% bonds, due 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt including current portion	10,000	10,000
Unsecured 1.41% bonds, due 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt including current portion	10,000	10,000
Unsecured 0.28% bonds, due 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt including current portion	15,000	15,000
Unsecured 0.22% bonds, due 2025
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt including current portion	10,000	10,000
Unsecured 0.42% bonds, due 2026
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt including current portion	24,911	24,899
Unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds, due 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt including current portion	119,961	119,976	¥ 120,000
Secured 0.00% loans, due 2019 to 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt including current portion		170,002
Secured 0.00% loans, due 2020 to 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt including current portion	200,003
Capital lease obligation and other, due 2018 to 2047
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt including current portion		52,929
Capital lease obligation and other, due 2019 to 2048
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt including current portion	72,991
Guarantee deposits received
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt including current portion	¥ 10,863	¥ 10,790

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Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt (Long-Term Debt) (Parenthetical) (Detail) - ¥ / shares	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Jul. 21, 2015
Unsecured loans, due 2018 to 2024, with interest rates ranging from 0.01% to 5.10% per annum | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate		0.01%
Unsecured loans, due 2018 to 2024, with interest rates ranging from 0.01% to 5.10% per annum | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate		5.10%
Unsecured loans, due 2019 to 2024, with interest rates ranging from 0.01 % to 7.89 % per annum | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	0.01%
Unsecured loans, due 2019 to 2024, with interest rates ranging from 0.01 % to 7.89 % per annum | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	7.89%
Unsecured 0.86% bonds, due 2018
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	0.86%	0.86%
Unsecured 2.00% bonds, due 2018
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	2.00%	2.00%
Unsecured 0.05% bonds, due 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	0.05%	0.05%
Unsecured 2.07% bonds, due 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	2.07%	2.07%
Unsecured 0.23% bonds, due 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	0.23%	0.23%
Unsecured 0.11% bonds, due 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	0.11%	0.11%
Unsecured 1.41% bonds, due 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	1.41%	1.41%
Unsecured 0.28% bonds, due 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	0.28%	0.28%
Unsecured 0.22% bonds, due 2025
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	0.22%	0.22%
Unsecured 0.42% bonds, due 2026
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	0.42%	0.42%
Unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds, due 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Conversion price per common share	¥ 5,008.0	¥ 5,008.0
Unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds, due 2022 | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Conversion price per common share			¥ 3,526.5
Unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds, due 2022 | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Conversion price per common share			¥ 5,008.0
Secured 0.00% loans, due 2019 to 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	0.00%	0.00%
Secured 0.00% loans, due 2020 to 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	0.00%	0.00%
Capital lease obligation and other, due 2018 to 2047 | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate		0.36%
Capital lease obligation and other, due 2018 to 2047 | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate		11.88%
Capital lease obligation and other, due 2019 to 2048 | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate		0.36%
Capital lease obligation and other, due 2019 to 2048 | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate		9.14%

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Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt (Aggregate Amounts of Annual Maturities of Long-Term Debt) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
2020	¥ 172,461
2021	41,466
2022	186,004
2023	227,987
2024	18,102
Later fiscal years	94,813
Total	¥ 740,833	¥ 848,973

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Housing Loans and Deposits from Customers in the Banking Business - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Housing Loans And Deposits From Customers [Abstract]
Housing loans in the banking business, Carrying amount	¥ 1,685,504	¥ 1,522,415
Allowance for credit losses of housing loans in the banking business	829	717
Balance of time deposits issued in amounts of 10 million yen or more	¥ 292,968	¥ 279,943

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Housing Loans and Deposits from Customers in the Banking Business (Aggregate Amounts of Annual Maturities of Time Deposits with Remaining Term of More Than One Year) (Detail) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019 JPY (¥)
Interest-bearing Deposit Liabilities [Abstract]
2021	¥ 66,796
2022	15,513
2023	11,083
2024	10,813
2025	2,530
Later fiscal years	25,047
Total	¥ 131,782

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Fair Value Measurements (Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions		Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Trading securities		¥ 234,117	¥ 1,048,062
Derivative assets		10,486	39,526
Derivative liabilities		32,822	35,724
Other
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities		4,688
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Trading securities		234,117	1,048,062
Other investments	[1]	13,914	20,395
Derivative assets	[2]	10,486	39,526
Total assets		4,079,047	3,455,847
Derivative liabilities		32,822	35,724
Total liabilities		32,822	35,724
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese national government bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities		1,643,589	1,409,610
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese local government bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities		67,497	67,569
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities		219,388	208,708
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign government bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	[3]	161,495	69,539
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	[4]	360,867	366,465
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Securitized products
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	[5]	190,112	99,350
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Equity securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities		1,172,894	126,623
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Other
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities		4,688
Marketable securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Trading securities		234,117	1,048,062
Total assets		1,318,251	1,173,352
Marketable securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese national government bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities		18,719	20,473
Marketable securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese local government bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities		7,768	8,548
Marketable securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities		11,472	8,041
Marketable securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign government bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	[3]	3,984
Marketable securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	[4]	90,801	88,228
Marketable securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Equity securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities		951,390
Securities investments and other | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other investments	[1]	13,914	20,395
Total assets		2,750,310	2,242,969
Securities investments and other | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese national government bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities		1,624,870	1,389,137
Securities investments and other | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese local government bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities		59,729	59,021
Securities investments and other | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities		207,916	200,667
Securities investments and other | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign government bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	[3]	157,511	69,539
Securities investments and other | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	[4]	270,066	278,237
Securities investments and other | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Securitized products
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	[5]	190,112	99,350
Securities investments and other | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Equity securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities		221,504	126,623
Securities investments and other | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Other
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities		4,688
Other current assets/liabilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets	[2]	9,431	37,003
Total assets		9,431	37,003
Derivative liabilities		19,852	20,550
Total liabilities		19,852	20,550
Other noncurrent assets/liabilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets	[2]	1,055	2,523
Total assets		1,055	2,523
Derivative liabilities		12,970	15,174
Total liabilities		12,970	15,174
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Trading securities		22,105	712,113
Other investments	[1]	5,489	6,192
Derivative assets	[2]	444	2,194
Total assets		1,065,138	846,829
Derivative liabilities		136	1,407
Total liabilities		136	1,407
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Equity securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities		1,037,100	126,330
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Trading securities		212,012	335,949
Other investments	[1]	1,507	5,099
Derivative assets	[2]	10,042	37,332
Total assets		2,819,204	2,488,422
Derivative liabilities		32,686	34,317
Total liabilities		32,686	34,317
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese national government bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities		1,643,589	1,409,610
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese local government bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities		67,497	67,569
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities		219,388	208,708
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign government bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	[3]	161,495	69,539
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	[4]	338,163	338,587
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Securitized products
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	[5]	25,029	15,736
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Equity securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities		135,794	293
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Other
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities		4,688
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other investments	[1]	6,918	9,104
Total assets		194,705	120,596
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	[4]	22,704	27,878
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Securitized products
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	[5]	¥ 165,083	¥ 83,614

[1] Other investments include certain hybrid financial instruments and certain private equity investments.

[2] Derivative assets and liabilities are recognized and disclosed on a gross basis.

[3] 2,875 million yen and 4,910 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively, and are included in the consolidated balance sheets as securities investments and other.

[4] 160,470 million yen and 173,964 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively. In the consolidated balance sheets, 25,955 million yen and 33,391 million yen are included as marketable securities and 134,515 million yen and 140,573 million yen are included as securities investment and other for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

[5] 93,971 million yen and 185,195 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 and level 3 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively, and are included in the consolidated balance sheets as securities investments and other.

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Fair Value Measurements (Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis) (Parenthetical) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Net gains from financial instruments for which fair value option has been elected	¥ 85	¥ 544
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign corporate bonds: foreign securities for which fair value option has been elected
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	173,964	160,470
Marketable securities | Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign corporate bonds: foreign securities for which fair value option has been elected
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	33,391	25,955
Securities investments and other | Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign government bonds: foreign securities for which fair value option has been elected
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	4,910	2,875
Securities investments and other | Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign corporate bonds: foreign securities for which fair value option has been elected
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	140,573	134,515
Securities investments and other | Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Other: foreign securities for which fair value option has been elected
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	¥ 185,195	¥ 93,971

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Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Detail) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019 JPY (¥)	Mar. 31, 2018 JPY (¥)	Mar. 31, 2017 JPY (¥)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Transfers into level 1	¥ 1,769	¥ 3,522
Transfers out of level 1	2,508	3,086
Impairments	5,107
Semiconductors | Camera Module Business Asset Group
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Impairment of long-lived assets			¥ 23,860
Semiconductors | Camera Module Business Asset Group | Level 3 | Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value measurements			0.10
Semiconductors | Camera Module Business Asset Group | Minimum | Level 3 | Measurement Input, Long-term Revenue Growth Rate [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value measurements			(0.01)
Semiconductors | Camera Module Business Asset Group | Maximum | Level 3 | Measurement Input, Long-term Revenue Growth Rate [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value measurements			0.08
Mobile Communications | Smartphone Business Asset Group
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Impairment of long-lived assets	¥ 19,172	¥ 31,341
Mobile Communications | Smartphone Business Asset Group | Level 3 | Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value measurements	0.085	0.085
Mobile Communications | Smartphone Business Asset Group | Minimum | Level 3 | Measurement Input, Long-term Revenue Growth Rate [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value measurements	(0.26)	(0.08)
Mobile Communications | Smartphone Business Asset Group | Maximum | Level 3 | Measurement Input, Long-term Revenue Growth Rate [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value measurements	0.24	0.06
All Other | Storage Media Business Asset Group
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Impairment of long-lived assets	¥ 12,858
All Other | Storage Media Business Asset Group | Level 3 | Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value measurements	0.089
All Other | Storage Media Business Asset Group | Minimum | Level 3 | Measurement Input, Long-term Revenue Growth Rate [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value measurements	(0.34)
All Other | Storage Media Business Asset Group | Maximum | Level 3 | Measurement Input, Long-term Revenue Growth Rate [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value measurements	0.21
Pictures | Production and Distribution
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Impairments			¥ 112,069
Pictures | Production and Distribution | Level 3 | Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value measurements			0.095
Pictures | Production and Distribution | Level 3 | Measurement Input, Revenue Multiple [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value measurements			9.0
Pictures | Production and Distribution | Minimum | Level 3 | Measurement Input, Long-term Revenue Growth Rate [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value measurements			0.030
Pictures | Production and Distribution | Maximum | Level 3 | Measurement Input, Long-term Revenue Growth Rate [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value measurements			0.045

XML

Fair Value Measurements (Changes in Fair Value of Level Three Assets and Liabilities) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Other Investments
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Beginning balance		¥ 9,104	¥ 10,483
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses), included in earnings	[1]	276	(65)
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses), included in other comprehensive income (loss)	[2]		(489)
Purchases		4	139
Sales		(6)	(10)
Settlements		(2,460)	(954)
Ending balance		6,918	9,104
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to instruments still held at reporting date included in earnings	[1]	441	(65)
Available-for-sale securities | Japanese corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Beginning balance			1,310
Transfers out of level 3	[3]		(1,310)
Available-for-sale securities | Foreign corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Beginning balance		27,878	41,177
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses), included in earnings	[1]	465	(307)
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses), included in other comprehensive income (loss)	[2]	131	(84)
Purchases		5,787	12,604
Settlements		(10,435)	(18,540)
Transfers into level 3	[4]	20,863
Transfers out of level 3	[3]	(21,985)	(6,972)
Ending balance		22,704	27,878
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to instruments still held at reporting date included in earnings	[1]	219	(468)
Available-for-sale securities | Securitized products
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Beginning balance		83,614	15,192
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses), included in earnings	[1]	562	(3,032)
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses), included in other comprehensive income (loss)	[2]	1	1
Purchases		94,696	74,736
Settlements		(13,601)	(3,283)
Transfers into level 3	[4]	5,284
Transfers out of level 3	[3]	(5,473)
Ending balance		165,083	83,614
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to instruments still held at reporting date included in earnings	[1]	¥ 510	¥ (2,278)

[1] Earning effects are included in financial services revenue in the consolidated statements of income.

[2] Unrealized gains (losses) are included in unrealized gains (losses) on securities in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

[3] Certain corporate bonds and certain securitized products were transferred out of level 3 because observable market data became available.

[4] Certain corporate bonds and certain securitized products were transferred into level 3 because differences between the fair value determined by indicative quotes from dealers and the fair value determined by internally developed prices became significant and the observability of the inputs used decreased.

XML

Fair Value Measurements (Assets and Liabilities Remeasured At Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Nonrecurring changes in fair value, Amounts included in earnings	¥ (49,242)	¥ (53,741)
Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring | Level 3
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Long-lived assets, Estimated fair value	4,389	19,375
Goodwill, Estimated fair value	0
Long-lived assets impairments
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Nonrecurring changes in fair value, Amounts included in earnings	(44,135)	¥ (53,741)
Goodwill impairments
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Nonrecurring changes in fair value, Amounts included in earnings	¥ (5,107)

XML

Fair Value Measurements (Estimated Fair Values by Fair Value Hierarchy Level of Certain Financial Instruments not Reported at Fair Value) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Apr. 01, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Housing loans in the banking business, Carrying amount	¥ 1,685,504		¥ 1,522,415
Total assets, Carrying amount	20,981,586	¥ 19,087,752	19,065,538
Long-term debt including the current portion, Carrying amount	740,833		848,973
Total liabilities	16,536,095	¥ 15,433,503	15,409,171
Estimated fair value
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Housing loans in the banking business, Estimated fair value	1,861,384		1,686,842
Total assets, Estimated fair value	1,861,384		1,686,842
Long-term debt including the current portion, Estimated fair value	737,529		877,576
Investment contracts included in policyholders' account in the life insurance business, Estimated fair value	877,157		766,558
Total liabilities, Estimated fair value	1,614,686		1,644,134
Carrying amount
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Housing loans in the banking business, Carrying amount	1,685,504		1,522,415
Total assets, Carrying amount	1,685,504		1,522,415
Long-term debt including the current portion, Carrying amount	740,833		848,973
Investment contracts included in policyholders' account in the life insurance business, Carrying amount	816,903		738,404
Total liabilities	1,557,736		1,587,377
Level 2 | Estimated fair value
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Housing loans in the banking business, Estimated fair value	1,861,384		1,686,842
Total assets, Estimated fair value	1,861,384		1,686,842
Long-term debt including the current portion, Estimated fair value	737,529		877,576
Investment contracts included in policyholders' account in the life insurance business, Estimated fair value	877,157		766,558
Total liabilities, Estimated fair value	¥ 1,614,686		¥ 1,644,134

XML

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Estimated Fair Values of Outstanding Derivative Instruments) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets	¥ 10,486	¥ 39,526
Derivative liabilities	32,822	35,724
Designated as hedging instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets	242	346
Derivative liabilities	8,457	11,976
Designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate contracts | Current liabilities: Other
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative liabilities	141	160
Designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate contracts | Liabilities: Other
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative liabilities	8,274	10,281
Designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate contracts | Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets	10	12
Designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate contracts | Other assets: Other
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets	101	286
Designated as hedging instrument | Foreign exchange contracts | Current liabilities: Other
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative liabilities	42	1,535
Designated as hedging instrument | Foreign exchange contracts | Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets	131	48
Not designated as hedging instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets	10,244	39,180
Derivative liabilities	24,365	23,748
Not designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate contracts | Current liabilities: Other
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative liabilities	344	299
Not designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate contracts | Liabilities: Other
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative liabilities	3,637	3,612
Not designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate contracts | Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets	39	12
Not designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate contracts | Other assets: Other
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets	882	1,871
Not designated as hedging instrument | Foreign exchange contracts | Current liabilities: Other
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative liabilities	11,549	17,149
Not designated as hedging instrument | Foreign exchange contracts | Liabilities: Other
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative liabilities	1,059	1,281
Not designated as hedging instrument | Foreign exchange contracts | Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets	8,807	34,737
Not designated as hedging instrument | Foreign exchange contracts | Other assets: Other
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets	72	366
Not designated as hedging instrument | Equity Contracts | Current liabilities: Other
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative liabilities	7,776	1,407
Not designated as hedging instrument | Equity Contracts | Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets	¥ 444	¥ 2,194

XML

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Effects of Derivative Instruments on Consolidated Statements of Income) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Not designated as hedging instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income on derivative	¥ (26,476)	¥ 10,174	¥ (12,558)
Not designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate contracts | Financial services revenue
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income on derivative	(3,192)	(1,544)	(935)
Not designated as hedging instrument | Foreign exchange contracts | Financial services revenue
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income on derivative	(8,198)	2,013	(5,365)
Not designated as hedging instrument | Foreign exchange contracts | Foreign exchange loss, net
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income on derivative	(7,437)	21,370	12,339
Not designated as hedging instrument | Equity Contracts | Financial services revenue
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income on derivative	(7,649)	(11,665)	(18,597)
Fair Value Hedging
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income on derivative	(1,835)	(52)	1,936
Fair Value Hedging | Interest rate contracts | Financial services revenue
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income on derivative	(1,835)	(52)	1,967
Fair Value Hedging | Foreign exchange contracts | Foreign exchange loss, net
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income on derivative			(31)
Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in OCI on derivative	2,315	(2,295)	6,715
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income (effective portion)	(1,093)	1,111	(5,583)
Cash Flow Hedging | Foreign exchange contracts
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in OCI on derivative	2,315	(2,295)	6,715
Cash Flow Hedging | Foreign exchange contracts | Cost of Sales
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income (effective portion)	¥ (1,093)	¥ 1,111	¥ (5,583)

XML

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Summary of Derivatives Additional Information Including Notional Amounts) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Foreign exchange forward contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	¥ 701,880	¥ 1,105,393
Fair value	(304)	7,071
Currency option contracts purchased
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	53,846	206
Fair value	179	1
Currency option contracts written
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	58,825	156
Fair value	(35)	(1)
Currency swap agreements
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	959,777	1,230,254
Fair value	(5,564)	4,613
Other currency contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	68,513	84,623
Fair value	2,084	3,502
Interest rate swap agreements
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	339,934	398,291
Fair value	(11,346)	(12,171)
Interest rate swaption agreements
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	5,300
Fair value	(18)
Equity future contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	58,725	106,876
Fair value	308	¥ 787
Equity swap agreements
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	63,107
Fair value	¥ (7,640)

XML

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Summary of Effects of Offsetting Derivative Assets, Derivative Liabilities, Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities) (Detail) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Offsetting Asset and Liabilities [Line Items]
Gross amounts presented in consolidated balance sheet, Derivative asset	¥ 10,486	¥ 39,526
Financial instruments, Derivative asset	3,442	7,724
Cash collateral, Derivative asset	136	449
Net amounts, Derivative asset	6,908	31,353
Gross amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet, Derivative liability	32,822	35,724
Gross amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet, Repurchase, securities lending and similar arrangements	432,820	335,586
Financial instruments, Repurchase, securities lending and similar arrangements	432,820	334,246
Net amounts, Repurchase, securities lending and similar arrangements		1,340
Gross amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet, Total liabilities	465,642	371,310
Financial instruments, Total liabilities	436,790	342,572
Cash collateral, Total liabilities	20,191	14,334
Net amounts, Total liabilities	8,661	14,404
Subject to master netting arrangement
Offsetting Asset and Liabilities [Line Items]
Gross amounts presented in consolidated balance sheet, Derivative asset	6,855	15,404
Financial instruments, Derivative asset	3,442	7,724
Cash collateral, Derivative asset	136	449
Net amounts, Derivative asset	3,277	7,231
Gross amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet, Derivative liability	25,872	34,455
Financial instruments, Derivative liability	3,970	8,326
Cash collateral, Derivative liability	20,191	14,334
Net amounts, Derivative liability	1,711	11,795
Not subject to master netting arrangement
Offsetting Asset and Liabilities [Line Items]
Gross amounts presented in consolidated balance sheet, Derivative asset	3,631	24,122
Net amounts, Derivative asset	3,631	24,122
Gross amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet, Derivative liability	6,950	1,269
Net amounts, Derivative liability	¥ 6,950	¥ 1,269

XML

Pension and Severance Plans - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2019
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of the indemnities under existing regulations to employees covered by defined benefits	65.00%
Expected amortization of net actuarial loss from accumulated other comprehensive income in next fiscal year		¥ 17,759
Expected amortization of prior service cost from accumulated other comprehensive income in next fiscal year		7,153
Japan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Expected contribution in defined benefit pension plans		¥ 10,000
Japan | Private equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of investments in equity securities for the pension plans		30.00%
Japan | Fixed income funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of investments in equity securities for the pension plans		51.00%
Japan | Other investment funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of investments in equity securities for the pension plans		19.00%
Foreign plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Expected contribution in defined benefit pension plans		¥ 8,000
Foreign plans | Private equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of investments in equity securities for the pension plans		22.00%
Foreign plans | Fixed income funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of investments in equity securities for the pension plans		53.00%
Foreign plans | Other investment funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of investments in equity securities for the pension plans		25.00%

XML

Pension and Severance Plans (Components of Net Periodic Benefit Costs) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Japan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	¥ 23,128	¥ 25,185	¥ 26,811
Interest cost	7,020	8,024	5,912
Expected return on plan assets	(16,695)	(16,440)	(17,829)
Recognized actuarial loss	15,365	16,099	20,436
Amortization of prior service costs	(7,864)	(8,693)	(9,490)
Net periodic benefit costs	20,954	24,175	25,840
Foreign plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	2,780	3,181	2,958
Interest cost	10,083	10,393	10,426
Expected return on plan assets	(11,797)	(11,687)	(11,000)
Amortization of net transition asset		5	9
Recognized actuarial loss	2,656	3,014	2,552
Amortization of prior service costs	(269)	(574)	(463)
Losses on curtailments and settlements	1,804	1,058	43
Net periodic benefit costs	¥ 5,257	¥ 5,390	¥ 4,525

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Pension and Severance Plans (Changes in Benefit Obligation and Plan Assets as well as Funded Status and Composition of Amounts Recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheets) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Japan
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of the fiscal year	¥ 1,010,574	¥ 1,004,676
Service cost	23,128	25,185	¥ 26,811
Interest cost	7,020	8,024	5,912
Actuarial loss	29,295	21,920
Other	6	(8)
Benefits paid	(35,069)	(49,223)
Benefit obligation at end of the fiscal year	1,034,954	1,010,574	1,004,676
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year	711,077	699,008
Actual return on plan assets	18,701	38,896
Employer contribution	36,875	6,090
Benefits paid	(24,449)	(32,917)
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year	742,204	711,077	699,008
Funded status at end of the fiscal year	(292,750)	(299,497)
Foreign plans
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of the fiscal year	356,397	352,442
Service cost	2,780	3,181	2,958
Interest cost	10,083	10,393	10,426
Plan participants' contributions	462	573
Actuarial loss	1,700	663
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	(1,554)	8,858
Curtailments and settlements	(6,120)	(5,422)
Effect of changes in consolidated subsidiaries	1,947
Benefits paid	(13,777)	(14,291)
Benefit obligation at end of the fiscal year	351,918	356,397	352,442
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year	269,745	259,177
Actual return on plan assets	15,243	13,426
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	(838)	6,181
Employer contribution	8,542	9,040
Plan participants' contributions	462	573
Curtailments and settlements	(5,960)	(5,285)
Benefits paid	(12,445)	(13,367)
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year	274,749	269,745	¥ 259,177
Funded status at end of the fiscal year	¥ (77,169)	¥ (86,652)

XML

Pension and Severance Plans (Amounts Recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheets) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Japan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Noncurrent assets	¥ 3,476	¥ 3,426
Noncurrent liabilities	(296,226)	(302,923)
Ending balance	(292,750)	(299,497)
Foreign plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Noncurrent assets	14,745	8,396
Current liabilities	(4,412)	(4,121)
Noncurrent liabilities	(87,502)	(90,927)
Ending balance	¥ (77,169)	¥ (86,652)

XML

Pension and Severance Plans (Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Excluding Tax Effects) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Japan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Prior service cost (credit)	¥ (8,859)	¥ (16,723)
Net actuarial loss	311,128	299,852
Ending balance	302,269	283,129
Foreign plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Prior service cost (credit)	(45)	(488)
Net actuarial loss	71,906	73,404
Ending balance	¥ 71,861	¥ 72,916

XML

Pension and Severance Plans (Accumulated Benefit Obligations for All Defined Benefit Pension Plans) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Japan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Accumulated benefit obligations	¥ 1,029,910	¥ 1,005,557
Foreign plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Accumulated benefit obligations	¥ 336,185	¥ 340,353

XML

Pension and Severance Plans (Projected Benefit Obligations, Accumulated Benefit Obligations and Fair Value of Plan Assets for Pension Plans with Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Japan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Projected benefit obligations	¥ 1,022,235	¥ 998,629
Accumulated benefit obligations	1,017,191	993,612
Fair value of plan assets	726,009	695,706
Foreign plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Projected benefit obligations	200,596	301,046
Accumulated benefit obligations	196,928	293,834
Fair value of plan assets	¥ 123,937	¥ 215,510

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Pension and Severance Plans (Weighted-Average Assumptions Used to Determine Benefit Obligations and Net Periodic Benefit Costs) (Detail)		12 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Japan
Defined Benefit Plan, Weighted Average Assumptions Used in Calculating Benefit Obligation [Abstract]
Discount rate		0.60%	0.80%
Rate of compensation increase	[1]
Defined Benefit Plan, Weighted Average Assumptions Used in Calculating Net Periodic Benefit Cost [Abstract]
Discount rate		0.80%	0.90%	0.60%
Expected return on plan assets		2.60%	2.40%	2.70%
Rate of compensation increase	[1]
Foreign plans
Defined Benefit Plan, Weighted Average Assumptions Used in Calculating Benefit Obligation [Abstract]
Discount rate		2.80%	2.90%
Rate of compensation increase		2.30%	2.60%
Defined Benefit Plan, Weighted Average Assumptions Used in Calculating Net Periodic Benefit Cost [Abstract]
Discount rate		2.90%	3.10%	3.20%
Expected return on plan assets		4.40%	4.60%	4.80%
Rate of compensation increase		2.60%	2.40%	2.80%

[1] Substantially all of Sony's Japanese pension plans were point-based. Point-based plans do not incorporate a measure of compensation rate increases.

XML

Pension and Severance Plans (Fair Values of Assets Held by Japanese and Foreign Plans) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions		Mar. 31, 2019		Mar. 31, 2018		Mar. 31, 2017
Japan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held		¥ 742,204		¥ 711,077		¥ 699,008
Japan | Cash and cash equivalents
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held		10,689		9,446
Japan | Equity securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[1]	140,559		138,443
Japan | Government bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[2]	210,817		225,879
Japan | Corporate bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[3]	97,519		79,323
Japan | Asset-backed securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[4]	1,537		121
Japan | Commingled funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[5]	138,455		122,950
Japan | Commodity Funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[6]	21,674		21,136
Japan | Private equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[7]	27,956		24,144
Japan | Hedge funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[8]	71,606		70,204
Japan | Real estate and other
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[9]	21,392		19,431
Foreign plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held		274,749		269,745		259,177
Foreign plans | Cash and cash equivalents
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held		4,340		2,377
Foreign plans | Equity securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[10]	23,766		30,916
Foreign plans | Government bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[11]	84,761		78,129
Foreign plans | Corporate bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[12]	32,749		26,424
Foreign plans | Asset-backed securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held		1,115		960
Foreign plans | Commingled funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[13]	76,503		75,785
Foreign plans | Real estate and other
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[9]	33,207		36,484
Foreign plans | Insurance contracts
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[14]	18,308		18,670
Level 1 | Japan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held		146,402		143,537
Level 1 | Japan | Cash and cash equivalents
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held		10,689		9,446
Level 1 | Japan | Equity securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[1]	135,713		134,091
Level 1 | Foreign plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held		27,453		32,191
Level 1 | Foreign plans | Cash and cash equivalents
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held		4,340		2,377
Level 1 | Foreign plans | Equity securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[10]	23,113		29,814
Level 2 | Japan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held		474,848		453,761
Level 2 | Japan | Equity securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[1]	4,846		4,352
Level 2 | Japan | Government bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[2]	210,817		225,879
Level 2 | Japan | Corporate bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[3]	97,519		79,323
Level 2 | Japan | Asset-backed securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[4]	1,537		121
Level 2 | Japan | Commingled funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[5]	138,455		122,950
Level 2 | Japan | Commodity Funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[6]	21,674		21,136
Level 2 | Foreign plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held		212,713		193,546
Level 2 | Foreign plans | Equity securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[10]	653		1,102
Level 2 | Foreign plans | Government bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[11]	84,761		78,129
Level 2 | Foreign plans | Corporate bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[12]	32,749		21,121
Level 2 | Foreign plans | Asset-backed securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held		1,115		960
Level 2 | Foreign plans | Commingled funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[13]	76,503		75,785
Level 2 | Foreign plans | Real estate and other
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[9]	11,118		10,508
Level 2 | Foreign plans | Insurance contracts
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[14]	5,814		5,941
Level 3 | Japan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held		120,954		113,779		106,950
Level 3 | Japan | Private equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held		27,956	[7]	24,144	[7]	21,790
Level 3 | Japan | Hedge funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held		71,606	[8]	70,204	[8]	67,235
Level 3 | Japan | Real estate and other
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held		21,392	[9]	19,431	[9]	17,925
Level 3 | Foreign plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held		34,583		44,008		29,855
Level 3 | Foreign plans | Corporate bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held				5,303	[12]	6,926
Level 3 | Foreign plans | Real estate and other
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held		22,089	[9]	25,976	[9]	¥ 22,929
Level 3 | Foreign plans | Insurance contracts
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair values of the assets held	[14]	¥ 12,494		¥ 12,729

[1] Includes approximately 52 percent and 51 percent of Japanese equity securities, and 48 percent and 49 percent of foreign equity securities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

[2] Includes approximately 49 percent and 48 percent of debt securities issued by Japanese national and local governments, and 51 percent and 52 percent of debt securities issued by foreign national and local governments for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

[3] Includes debt securities issued by Japanese and foreign corporation and government related agencies.

[4] Includes primarily mortgage-backed securities.

[5] Commingled funds represent pooled institutional investments, including primarily investment trusts. They include approximately 51 percent and 50 percent of investments in equity, 48 percent and 49 percent of investments in fixed income, and 1 percent and 1 percent of investments in other for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

[6] Represents commodity futures funds.

[7] Includes multiple private equity funds of funds that primarily invest in venture, buyout, and distressed markets in the United States and Europe.

[8] Includes primarily funds that invest in a portfolio of a broad range of hedge funds to diversify the risks and reduce the volatilities associated with a single hedge fund.

[9] Includes primarily private real estate investment trusts.

[10] Includes primarily foreign equity securities.

[11] Includes primarily foreign government debt securities.

[12] Includes primarily foreign corporate debt securities.

[13] Commingled funds represent pooled institutional investments including mutual funds, common trust funds, and collective investment funds. They are primarily comprised of foreign equities and fixed income investments.

[14] Represents annuity contracts with or without profit sharing.

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Pension and Severance Plans (Fair Values of Assets Held by Japanese and Foreign Plans) (Parenthetical) (Detail) - Japan	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Commingled funds | Equity securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of investments	50.00%	51.00%
Commingled funds | Fixed Income Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of investments	49.00%	48.00%
Commingled funds | Other investment funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of investments	1.00%	1.00%
Japanese equity securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of investments	51.00%	52.00%
Foreign equity securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of investments	49.00%	48.00%
Japanese National and Local Government Debt Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of investments	48.00%	49.00%
Foreign National and Local Government Debt Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of investments	52.00%	51.00%

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Pension and Severance Plans (Summary of Changes in Fair Values of Japanese and Foreign Plans' Level Three Assets) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2019		Mar. 31, 2018
Japan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year		¥ 711,077		¥ 699,008
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year		742,204		711,077
Japan | Private equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year	[1]	24,144
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year	[1]	27,956		24,144
Japan | Hedge funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year	[2]	70,204
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year	[2]	71,606		70,204
Japan | Corporate bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year	[3]	79,323
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year	[3]	97,519		79,323
Japan | Real estate and other
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year	[4]	19,431
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year	[4]	21,392		19,431
Foreign plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year		269,745		259,177
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year		274,749		269,745
Foreign plans | Corporate bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year	[5]	26,424
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year	[5]	32,749		26,424
Foreign plans | Real estate and other
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year	[4]	36,484
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year	[4]	33,207		36,484
Foreign plans | Insurance contracts
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year	[6]	18,670
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year	[6]	18,308		18,670
Level 3 | Japan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year		113,779		106,950
Return on assets held at end of year		6,709		2,544
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net		466		4,285
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year		120,954		113,779
Level 3 | Japan | Private equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year		24,144	[1]	21,790
Return on assets held at end of year		4,428		1,483
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net		(616)		871
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year	[1]	27,956		24,144
Level 3 | Japan | Hedge funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year		70,204	[2]	67,235
Return on assets held at end of year		659		636
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net		743		2,333
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year	[2]	71,606		70,204
Level 3 | Japan | Real estate and other
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year		19,431	[4]	17,925
Return on assets held at end of year		1,622		425
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net		339		1,081
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year	[4]	21,392		19,431
Level 3 | Foreign plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year		44,008		29,855
Return on assets held at end of year		1,295		1,101
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net		(4,198)		11,407
Transfers, net		(5,417)		1,181
Other	[7]	(1,105)		464
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year		34,583		44,008
Level 3 | Foreign plans | Corporate bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year		5,303	[5]	6,926
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net				(1,256)
Transfers, net		(5,540)
Other	[7]	237		(367)
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year	[5]			5,303
Level 3 | Foreign plans | Real estate and other
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year		25,976	[4]	22,929
Return on assets held at end of year		559		1,101
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net		(3,809)		12
Transfers, net		123		1,181
Other	[7]	(760)		753
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year	[4]	22,089		25,976
Level 3 | Foreign plans | Insurance contracts
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year	[6]	12,729
Return on assets held at end of year		736
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net		(389)		12,651
Other	[7]	(582)		78
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year	[6]	¥ 12,494		¥ 12,729

[1] Includes multiple private equity funds of funds that primarily invest in venture, buyout, and distressed markets in the United States and Europe.

[2] Includes primarily funds that invest in a portfolio of a broad range of hedge funds to diversify the risks and reduce the volatilities associated with a single hedge fund.

[3] Includes debt securities issued by Japanese and foreign corporation and government related agencies.

[4] Includes primarily private real estate investment trusts.

[5] Includes primarily foreign corporate debt securities.

[6] Represents annuity contracts with or without profit sharing.

[7] Primarily consists of translation adjustments.

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Pension and Severance Plans (Expected Future Benefit Payments) (Detail) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019 JPY (¥)
Japan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
2020	¥ 41,345
2021	40,700
2022	42,487
2023	43,740
2024	46,345
2025 - 2029	238,416
Foreign plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
2020	17,972
2021	17,892
2022	18,138
2023	18,896
2024	19,441
2025 - 2029	¥ 107,668

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Pension and Severance Plans (Total Defined Contribution Expenses) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Japan
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined contribution expenses	¥ 3,353	¥ 3,237	¥ 3,412
Foreign plans
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined contribution expenses	¥ 11,602	¥ 11,379	¥ 10,458

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Stockholders' Equity (Changes in Number of Shares of Common Stock Issued and Outstanding) (Detail) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Equity [Abstract]
Common stock, shares issued, beginning balance	1,266,552,149	1,263,763,660	1,262,493,760
Issuance of new shares	149,900	218,000
Exercise of stock acquisition rights	4,525,300	2,565,700	1,269,900
Conversion of convertible bonds	2,992	4,789
Common stock, shares issued, ending balance	1,271,230,341	1,266,552,149	1,263,763,660

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Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Detail) ¥ in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019 JPY (¥) shares	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($) shares	Mar. 31, 2018 JPY (¥) shares	Mar. 31, 2017 JPY (¥) shares	Mar. 31, 2017 USD ($) shares
Stockholders Equity Note [Line Items]
Common stock shares would be issued upon conversion or exercise of all convertible bonds and stock acquisition rights outstanding | shares	36,179,258
Common stock had been acquired by the resolution of the Board of Directors | shares			0	0	0
Number of shares repurchased | shares	19,309,100	19,309,100
Stock repurchase amount	¥ 100,000
Retained earnings available for dividends to shareholders	541,928
Undistributed earnings of affiliated companies accounted for by equity method	¥ 46,477		¥ 37,859
U.S.-based Music Publishing Subsidiary
Stockholders Equity Note [Line Items]
Percentage of equity ownership				50.00%	50.00%
Businesses acquisition payment of cash consideration | $					$ 750.0
Decrease to additional paid-in capital resulting from difference between cash consideration paid and decrease in noncontrolling interests				¥ 70,730
Nile Acquisition LLC
Stockholders Equity Note [Line Items]
Percentage of equity ownership	25.10%
Businesses acquisition payment of cash consideration | $		$ 287.5
Decrease to additional paid-in capital resulting from difference between cash consideration paid and decrease in noncontrolling interests | $		$ 295.9

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Stockholders' Equity (Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019		Mar. 31, 2018		Mar. 31, 2017
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning Balance	¥ 3,647,157		¥ 3,135,422		¥ 3,124,410
Cumulative effect of newly adopted ASUs	(2,118)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	22,063		(2,983)		14,546
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income	6,929	[1]	8,924	[2]	1,545
Net other comprehensive income	28,992		5,941		16,091
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	7,390		3,918		(18,458)
Ending Balance	4,436,690		3,647,157		3,135,422
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning Balance	(616,746)		(618,769)		(653,318)
Cumulative effect of newly adopted ASUs	(15,526)
Ending Balance	(610,670)		(616,746)		(618,769)
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning Balance	126,191		126,635		140,736
Cumulative effect of newly adopted ASUs	(15,526)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	33,124		2,013		(27,007)
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income	161		(943)	[2]	(3,286)
Net other comprehensive income	33,285		1,070		(30,293)
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	8,915		1,514		(16,192)
Ending Balance	135,035		126,191		126,635
Pension liability adjustment
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning Balance	(296,444)		(308,736)		(371,739)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	(23,448)		1,779		54,513
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income	9,488		10,611	[2]	8,719
Net other comprehensive income	(13,960)		12,390		63,232
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	53		98		229
Ending Balance	(310,457)		(296,444)		(308,736)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning Balance	(445,251)		(436,610)		(421,117)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	10,071		(4,480)		(17,988)
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income	(1,627)		(1,855)	[2]
Net other comprehensive income	8,444		(6,335)		(17,988)
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(1,578)		2,306		(2,495)
Ending Balance	(435,229)		(445,251)		(436,610)
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning Balance	(1,242)		(58)		(1,198)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	2,316		(2,295)		5,028
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income	(1,093)		1,111	[2]	(3,888)
Net other comprehensive income	1,223		(1,184)		1,140
Ending Balance	¥ (19)		¥ (1,242)		¥ (58)

[1] The amortization of pension and postretirement benefit components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. Refer to Note 15.

[2] Foreign currency translation adjustments were transferred from accumulated other comprehensive income to net income as a result of a complete or substantially complete liquidation or sale of certain foreign subsidiaries and affiliates.

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Stockholders' Equity (Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Cost of sales		¥ (5,150,750)	¥ (5,188,259)	¥ (4,753,010)
Income before income taxes		1,011,648	699,049	251,619
Tax expense or (benefit)		(45,098)	(151,770)	(124,058)
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders		916,271	490,794	73,289
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders		6,929	8,924	1,545
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | Unrealized gains (losses) on securities
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Financial services revenue		235	(646)	(4,560)
Gain on sale of securities investments, net			(561)	(30)
Income before income taxes		235	(1,207)	(4,590)
Tax expense or (benefit)		(74)	264	1,304
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders		161	(943)	(3,286)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Cost of sales		(1,093)	1,111	(5,583)
Income before income taxes		(1,093)	1,111	(5,583)
Tax expense or (benefit)				1,695
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders		(1,093)	1,111	(3,888)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | Pension liability adjustment
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Pension liability adjustment	[1]	9,891	11,034	13,044
Tax expense or (benefit)		(403)	(423)	(4,325)
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders		9,488	10,611	¥ 8,719
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | Foreign currency translation adjustments
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(1,627)	(1,855)
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders		¥ (1,627)	¥ (1,855)

[1] The amortization of pension and postretirement benefit components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. Refer to Note 15.

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Stockholders' Equity (Net Income Attributable to Sony Corporation's Stockholders and Transfers (to) from Noncontrolling Interests) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Equity [Abstract]
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders	¥ 916,271	¥ 490,794	¥ 73,289
Transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interests:
Decrease in additional paid-in capital for purchase of additional shares in consolidated subsidiaries	(22,775)	(74)	(53,927)
Change from net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders and transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interests	¥ 893,496	¥ 490,720	¥ 19,362

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Stock-Based Compensation Plans - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ / shares in Units, ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	¥ 5,499	¥ 5,249	¥ 2,737
Total cash received from exercise of stock-based compensation plans	¥ 12,757	¥ 7,129	¥ 2,730
Stock Acquisition Rights Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity-based compensation plan, vesting period	3 years
Weighted-average fair value per share of stock acquisition rights granted	¥ 1,593	¥ 2,045	¥ 1,291
Total intrinsic value of shares exercised under stock acquisition rights plan	¥ 13,325	¥ 6,970	¥ 1,541
Total unrecognized compensation expense	¥ 5,159
Total unrecognized compensation expense, weighted-average period to be recognized	1 year 11 months 8 days
Stock Acquisition Rights Plan | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity-based compensation plan, expiration period	10 years

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Stock-Based Compensation Plans (Weighted-Average Assumptions used to Determine Fair Value of Stock Acquisition Rights Granted) (Detail)		12 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Risk-free interest rate		1.37%	1.14%	1.10%
Expected lives		5 years 11 months 23 days	6 years 6 months 18 days	6 years 9 months 29 days
Expected volatility	[1]	32.52%	38.49%	40.00%
Expected dividends		0.35%	0.40%	0.66%

[1] Expected volatility was based on the historical volatilities of Sony Corporation's common stock over the expected life of the stock acquisition rights.

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Stock-Based Compensation Plans (Summary of Activities Regarding Stock Acquisition Rights Plan) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ / shares in Units, ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Number of shares
Exercised	4,525,300	2,565,700	1,269,900
Stock Acquisition Rights Plan
Number of shares
Outstanding at beginning of the fiscal year	14,005,900
Granted	2,907,300
Exercised	4,525,300
Forfeited or expired	174,000
Outstanding at end of the fiscal year	12,213,900	14,005,900
Exercisable at end of the fiscal year	5,820,800
Weighted average exercise price
Outstanding at beginning of the fiscal year	¥ 3,017
Granted	5,108
Exercised	2,819
Forfeited or expired	3,862
Outstanding at end of the fiscal year	3,665	¥ 3,017
Exercisable at end of the fiscal year	¥ 2,855
Weighted-average remaining life
Outstanding at end of the fiscal year	7 years 5 months 15 days
Exercisable at end of the fiscal year	5 years 10 months 2 days
Total intrinsic Value
Outstanding at end of the fiscal year	¥ 11,133
Exercisable at end of the fiscal year	¥ 9,867

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Kumamoto Earthquake - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Business Interruption Loss [Line Items]
Incremental losses and associated expenses directly related to the damage caused by earthquakes, together with other expenses		¥ 5,150,750	¥ 5,188,259	¥ 4,753,010
Insurance claim paid by insurance carriers	¥ 20,000
Other Operating Revenue
Business Interruption Loss [Line Items]
Difference amount recorded in other operating revenue from insurance recoveries	9,318
Repair Costs of Fixed Assets and a Loss on Disposal of Inventories
Business Interruption Loss [Line Items]
Incremental losses and associated expenses directly related to the damage caused by earthquakes, together with other expenses				16,682
Insurance recoveries				10,682
Insurance receivables agreed by insurance carriers				10,000
Remaining insurance receivables				682
Amount due to certain carrier as reinsurance				2,000
Amount paid to insurance carriers			¥ 2,000
Idle Facility Costs at Manufacturing Sites
Business Interruption Loss [Line Items]
Incremental losses and associated expenses directly related to the damage caused by earthquakes, together with other expenses				¥ 9,365
Business Interruption Coverage
Business Interruption Loss [Line Items]
Insurance receivables agreed by insurance carriers	¥ 10,000

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Revenue - Schedule of Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions		Mar. 31, 2019	Apr. 01, 2018
Contract with customer, asset and liability
Contract assets		¥ 19,147	¥ 15,241
Contract liabilities	[1]	¥ 254,646	¥ 258,327

[1] Contract liabilities are included in the consolidated balance sheets as "Other", both current and non-current.

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Revenue - Additional Information (Detail) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019 JPY (¥)
Revenue From Contract With Customers [Line Items]
Revenue recognized related to contract liability	¥ 201,628
Revenue recognized related to performance obligation satisfied in previous period	¥ 49,223
Remaining performance obligation expected timing of satisfaction, description	Remaining (unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied) performance obligations represent future revenues not yet recorded for firm orders that have not yet been performed. Sony applies practical expedients to exclude certain information about the remaining performance obligations, primarily related to contracts with an expected original duration of less than one year, and sales-based or usage-based royalty revenue on licenses of intellectual property.
Remaining performance obligation expected timing of satisfaction, explanation	More than half are expected to be recognized within one year and substantially all within three years.
Amortization of contract costs	¥ 7,666
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2019-03-31 | Minimum
Revenue From Contract With Customers [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation expected timing of satisfaction	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2019-03-31 | Maximum
Revenue From Contract With Customers [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation expected timing of satisfaction	3 years

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Revenue - Summary of Remaining Performance Obligations that are Unsatisfied (Detail) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019 JPY (¥)
Music
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation	¥ 93,783	[1]
Others
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation	45,597
Motion Pictures and Television Productions | Pictures
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation	476,197	[2]
Media Networks | Pictures
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation	¥ 25,996

[1] Amount included in the Music segment primarily consists of minimum royalty guarantees or fixed fees in contracts related to license revenue for ongoing access to an evolving library of content. These contracts also include sales-based or usage-based royalties that are excluded from the amount above, of which substantially all are recognized as revenue within three years.

[2] For Motion Pictures and Television Productions in the Pictures segment, Sony has included all contracts regardless of duration.

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Revenue - Schedule of Contract Costs (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Apr. 01, 2018
Obtaining Contract
Capitalized Contract Cost [Line Items]
Capitalized contract cost	¥ 6,581	¥ 7,703

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Revenue - Summary of Remaining Performance Obligations that are Unsatisfied (Parenthetical) (Detail) - Maximum - Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2019-03-31	Mar. 31, 2019
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation expected timing of satisfaction	3 years
Music
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation expected timing of satisfaction	3 years

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Restructuring Charges - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Restructuring Charges [Line Items]
Restructuring and related activities, term description	The restructuring activities are generally short term in nature and are generally completed within one year of initiation.
Restructuring costs	¥ 33,005	¥ 22,379	¥ 59,713
Battery Business Asset Group | Discontinued Operations, Held-for-sale | Other Operating Expense, Net
Restructuring Charges [Line Items]
Impairment losses recorded as a result of fair value valuation of assets and liabilities			42,298
Music
Restructuring Charges [Line Items]
Restructuring costs	3,192	6,630	3,590
Pictures
Restructuring Charges [Line Items]
Restructuring costs	4,795	2,922	2,467
Mobile Communications
Restructuring Charges [Line Items]
Restructuring costs	16,011	2,026	¥ 688
Headcount Reduction | Music
Restructuring Charges [Line Items]
Restructuring costs	3,192	¥ 6,630
Headcount Reduction | Pictures
Restructuring Charges [Line Items]
Restructuring costs	4,795
Manufacturing Sites and Sales Officers in Overseas [Member] | Mobile Communications
Restructuring Charges [Line Items]
Restructuring costs	¥ 16,011

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Restructuring Charges (Changes in Accrued Restructuring Charges) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Accrued restructuring charges, beginning balance		¥ 23,674	¥ 20,801	¥ 34,266
Restructuring costs		33,005	22,379	59,713
Non-cash charges		(2,731)	(2,233)	(42,717)
Cash payments		(21,705)	(16,302)	(28,630)
Adjustments		598	(971)	(1,831)
Accrued restructuring charges, ending balance		32,841	23,674	20,801
Employee termination benefits
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Accrued restructuring charges, beginning balance		19,486	11,634	22,531
Restructuring costs		24,449	18,999	9,854
Cash payments		(19,150)	(9,950)	(19,759)
Adjustments		955	(1,197)	(992)
Accrued restructuring charges, ending balance		25,740	19,486	11,634
Non-cash write-downs and disposals, net
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs	[1]	2,731	2,233	42,717
Non-cash charges	[1]	(2,731)	(2,233)	(42,717)
Other associated costs
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Accrued restructuring charges, beginning balance		4,188	9,167	11,735
Restructuring costs		5,825	1,147	7,142
Cash payments		(2,555)	(6,352)	(8,871)
Adjustments		(357)	226	(839)
Accrued restructuring charges, ending balance		¥ 7,101	¥ 4,188	¥ 9,167

[1] Significant asset impairments excluded from restructuring charges are described in Note 13.

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Restructuring Charges (Total Costs Incurred in Connection with Restructuring Programs by Segment) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs		¥ 33,005	¥ 22,379	¥ 59,713
Depreciation associated with restructured assets		86	26	502
Total		33,091	22,405	60,215
Game & Network Services
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs				231
Total				231
Music
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs		3,192	6,630	3,590
Total		3,192	6,630	3,590
Pictures
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs		4,795	2,922	2,467
Total		4,795	2,922	2,467
Home Entertainment & Sound
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs			852	752
Total			852	752
Imaging Products & Solutions
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs			624	640
Total			624	640
Mobile Communications
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs		16,011	2,026	688
Depreciation associated with restructured assets		86	0	138
Total		16,097	2,026	826
Semiconductors
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs			28	(9)
Total			28	(9)
All Other and Corporate
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs		9,007	9,297	51,354
Depreciation associated with restructured assets			26	364
Total		9,007	9,323	51,718
Employee termination benefits
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs		24,449	18,999	9,854
Employee termination benefits | Game & Network Services
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs				225
Employee termination benefits | Music
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs		2,991	6,358	2,116
Employee termination benefits | Pictures
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs		4,795	2,922	2,467
Employee termination benefits | Home Entertainment & Sound
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs			846	68
Employee termination benefits | Imaging Products & Solutions
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs			530	563
Employee termination benefits | Mobile Communications
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs		11,437	2,008	516
Employee termination benefits | Semiconductors
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs			28	4
Employee termination benefits | All Other and Corporate
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs		5,226	6,307	3,895
Other associated costs
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs	[1]	8,556	3,380	49,859
Other associated costs | Game & Network Services
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs	[1]			6
Other associated costs | Music
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs	[1]	201	272	1,474
Other associated costs | Home Entertainment & Sound
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs	[1]		6	684
Other associated costs | Imaging Products & Solutions
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs	[1]		94	77
Other associated costs | Mobile Communications
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs	[1]	4,574	18	172
Other associated costs | Semiconductors
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs	[1]			(13)
Other associated costs | All Other and Corporate
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs	[1]	¥ 3,781	¥ 2,990	¥ 47,459

[1] Other associated costs includes non-cash write-downs and disposals, net

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Supplemental Consolidated Statements of Income Information (Components of Other Operating (Income) Expense, Net) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Component Of Other Operating Income And Expense [Line Items]
(Gain) loss on purchase/sale of interests in subsidiaries and affiliates, net	[1]	¥ (1,496)	¥ (29,595)	¥ (4,259)
(Gain) loss on sale, disposal or impairment of assets, net	[2]	46,928	38,599	195,341
Other operating (income) expense, net		(71,568)	4,072	149,001
EMI Music Publishing
Component Of Other Operating Income And Expense [Line Items]
Gain on remeasurement of EMI shares	[3]	(116,939)
M3, Inc.
Component Of Other Operating Income And Expense [Line Items]
Gain on sale and issuance of M3 shares	[4]	¥ (61)	(18)	(37,167)
Sony City Osaki
Component Of Other Operating Income And Expense [Line Items]
Gain on sale of building	[5]		¥ (4,914)	¥ (4,914)

[1] Refer to Notes 25 and 26.

[2] Refer to Notes 9, 13, 20 and 26.

[3] Refer to Notes 5 and 25.

[4] Refer to Note 5.

[5] A portion of gain on sale and leaseback transactions is deferred and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

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Supplemental Consolidated Statements of Income Information - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Components of Other Income (Expense) [Line Items]
Research and development costs	¥ 481,202	¥ 458,518	¥ 447,456
Advertising costs included in selling general and administrative expenses	385,500	407,106	363,815
Selling, general and administrative expenses	1,576,825	1,583,197	1,505,956
Shipping and Handling [Member]
Components of Other Income (Expense) [Line Items]
Selling, general and administrative expenses	¥ 51,757	¥ 46,252	¥ 42,195

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Income Taxes (Components of Domestic and Foreign Income and Provision for Current and Deferred Income Taxes) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Income before income taxes:
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan	¥ 310,020	¥ 436,494	¥ 166,158
Foreign subsidiaries	701,628	262,555	85,461
Income before income taxes	1,011,648	699,049	251,619
Income taxes - Current:
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan	82,081	69,697	49,739
Foreign subsidiaries	84,667	57,988	50,521
Current	166,748	127,685	100,260
Income taxes - Deferred:
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan	17,907	29,640	11,478
Foreign subsidiaries	(139,557)	(5,555)	12,320
Deferred	(121,650)	24,085	23,798
Total income tax expense	¥ 45,098	¥ 151,770	¥ 124,058

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Income Taxes (Reconciliation of Statutory Tax Rate and Effective Tax Rate) (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate [Line Items]
Statutory tax rate	31.50%	31.50%	31.70%
Non-deductible expenses	0.70%	0.80%	2.30%
Income tax credits	(1.60%)	(0.60%)	(2.90%)
Change in statutory tax rate and law	(0.30%)	(1.20%)	0.30%
Change in valuation allowances (other than the reversal of Sony Americas Holding Inc. ("SAHI") and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group below)	2.30%	(5.20%)	7.30%
The reversal of valuation allowances of SAHI and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group	(15.30%)
Change in deferred tax liabilities on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures	(0.10%)	(0.80%)	(1.40%)
Lower tax rate applied to life and non-life insurance business in Japan	(0.50%)	(0.80%)	(2.20%)
Foreign income tax differential	(6.40%)	(2.60%)	(3.00%)
Adjustments to tax reserves	(0.30%)	(0.80%)	(1.10%)
Effect of equity in net income of affiliated companies	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
The remeasurement gain for the equity interest in EMI	(2.40%)
Other	(3.10%)	1.40%	3.30%
Effective income tax rate	4.50%	21.70%	49.30%
Pictures
Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate [Line Items]
Impairment of goodwill in the Pictures segment			15.00%

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Income Taxes - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended			15 Months Ended	20 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2016
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Statutory tax rate			31.50%	31.50%	31.70%
Minimum base erosion anti abuse tax			10.00%	6.25%
Beat threshold percentage			3.00%
Net increase (decrease) in total valuation allowance		¥ 154,201	¥ 176,721	¥ 152,129	¥ 3,894
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures not expected to be remitted, for which deferred income taxes have not been provided			1,317,603			¥ 1,317,603
Deferred tax liabilities not accounted for undistributed earnings			21,082			21,082
Operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes			413,494	439,206		413,494
Operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes with no expiration period			162,194			162,194
Tax credit carryforwards			117,471	125,327		117,471
Tax credit carryforwards with no expiration period			20,127			20,127
Interest expense recorded			(1,479)	1,053	474
Penalties recorded			218	876	(597)
Liabilities recorded for the payments of interest	¥ 9,735		9,309	10,788	9,735	9,309
Liabilities recorded for the payments of penalties	¥ 3,761		4,855	¥ 4,637	¥ 3,761	4,855
Maximum unrecognized tax benefits expected reduction within the next 12 months			1,639			¥ 1,639
Sony Music Entertainment (Japan) Inc
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Gain on sale of subsidiary stock			¥ 61,544
U.S. [Member]
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Statutory tax rate						21.00%	35.00%
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Percentage of the limitations on annual use of net operating loss carryforwards due to tax law changes								55.00%
Fiscal year beginning on or after April 1, 2018
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Percentage of the limitations on annual use of net operating loss carryforwards due to tax law changes			50.00%			50.00%
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 and onward
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Statutory tax rate	31.50%
Earliest Tax Year
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Total net operating loss carryforwards expiration date			Mar. 31, 2020
Tax credit carryforwards expiration date			Mar. 31, 2020
Earliest Tax Year | Domestic country
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Tax years subject to examinations			2009
Earliest Tax Year | Foreign country
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Tax years subject to examinations			2006
Earliest Tax Year | Us Tax Authority [Member]
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Tax years subject to examinations			2015
Latest Tax Year
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Total net operating loss carryforwards expiration date			Mar. 31, 2024
Tax credit carryforwards expiration date			Mar. 31, 2029
Latest Tax Year | Domestic country
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Tax years subject to examinations			2018
Latest Tax Year | Foreign country
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Tax years subject to examinations			2018
Latest Tax Year | Us Tax Authority [Member]
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Tax years subject to examinations			2018

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Income Taxes (Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Deferred tax assets:
Operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes	¥ 413,494	¥ 439,206
Accrued pension and severance costs	103,652	106,161
Amortization including film costs	86,196	95,069
Warranty reserves and accrued expenses	108,515	104,410
Future insurance policy benefits	36,683	33,812
Inventory	19,716	15,792
Depreciation	34,638	43,353
Tax credit carryforwards	117,471	125,327
Reserve for doubtful accounts	9,136	8,534
Impairment of investments	12,278	14,146
Deferred revenue	19,081	14,478
Other	169,897	132,800
Gross deferred tax assets	1,130,757	1,133,088
Less: Valuation allowance	(723,114)	(899,835)
Total deferred tax assets	407,643	233,253
Deferred tax liabilities:
Insurance acquisition costs	(169,244)	(166,717)
Future insurance policy benefits	(181,052)	(167,058)
Unrealized gains on securities	(75,573)	(83,298)
Gain on equity securities	(33,082)
Intangible assets acquired through stock exchange offerings	(23,949)	(23,949)
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures	(15,758)	(14,160)
Investment in M3	(37,007)	(35,802)
Other	(62,092)	(32,164)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(736,578)	(586,344)
Net deferred tax liabilities	(328,935)	(353,091)
Pictures
Deferred tax liabilities:
Unbilled accounts receivable in the Pictures segment	(44,842)	¥ (63,196)
EMI Music Publishing
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangible assets acquired through stock exchange offerings	¥ (93,979)

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Income Taxes (Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Gross Amounts of Unrecognized Tax Benefits) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Balance at beginning of the fiscal year	¥ 95,425	¥ 119,529	¥ 114,126
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(31,396)	(8,809)	(558)
Additions for tax positions of prior years	3,094	4,681	13,353
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	2,594	5,740	8,231
Settlements	(4,235)	(21,893)	(8,300)
Lapse in statute of limitations	(14,824)	(3,469)	(3,454)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(81)	(354)	(3,869)
Balance at end of the fiscal year	50,577	95,425	119,529
Total net amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate	¥ 35,004	¥ 39,308	¥ 45,987

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Reconciliation of the Differences between Basic and Diluted EPS (Reconciliation of the Differences between Basic and Diluted EPS) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders for basic and diluted EPS computation	¥ 916,271	¥ 490,794	¥ 73,289
Weighted-average shares outstanding	1,266,592	1,263,895	1,262,023
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock acquisition rights	4,088	4,565	2,358
Zero coupon convertible bonds	23,966	23,960	23,962
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS computation	1,294,646	1,292,420	1,288,343
Basic EPS	¥ 723.41	¥ 388.32	¥ 58.07
Diluted EPS	¥ 707.74	¥ 379.75	¥ 56.89

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Reconciliation of the Differences between Basic and Diluted EPS - Additional Information (Detail) - shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Potential shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock acquisition rights and convertible bonds excluded from the computation of diluted EPS	5,731	2,921	6,856

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Variable Interest Entities - Additional Information (Detail) - Joint ventures with companies involved in production and creation of recorded music ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019 JPY (¥)
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Variable interest entity primary beneficiary, aggregate total assets	¥ 47,700
Variable interest entity primary beneficiary, aggregate total liabilities	¥ 27,861

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Acquisitions - Additional Information (Detail) ¥ in Millions, $ in Millions					3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Nov. 14, 2018 JPY (¥)	Nov. 14, 2018 USD ($)	Feb. 28, 2017 JPY (¥)	Feb. 28, 2017 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2019 JPY (¥)	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2019 JPY (¥)	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018 JPY (¥)	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2017 JPY (¥)	Mar. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Nov. 14, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 15, 2017 JPY (¥)	Sep. 15, 2017 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill					¥ 768,552		¥ 768,552		¥ 530,492		¥ 522,538
Revenue							8,665,687		8,543,982		7,603,250
Operating income							894,235		734,860		288,702
TEN Sports Network [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business acquisition total consideration			¥ 39,106	$ 346
Cash consideration for acquisition									1,772	$ 16	37,298	$ 330
Cash consideration payable														¥ 2,316	$ 21
Goodwill											26,489					$ 235
Intangible assets acquired											14,910					$ 132
Other acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business acquisition total consideration							7,743		27,459		12,409
Goodwill					5,773		5,773		20,013		12,384
Intangible assets acquired					4,422		4,422		¥ 4,980		¥ 7,073
Significant amounts allocated to in-process research and development							0
EMI Music Publishing
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash consideration for acquisition	¥ 257,168	$ 2,269
Goodwill	¥ 237,271
Step acquisition, percentage of equity interest acquired	60.00%												60.00%
Revenue					18,420	$ 167	28,871	$ 260
Operating income					¥ 4,522	$ 41	¥ 6,432	$ 58
Step acquisition, percentage of equity ownership immediately before additional acquisition	40.00%												40.00%
Equity interest owned prior to acquisition at fair value	¥ 141,141	1,245
Recognized gain on remeasured equity interest	116,939	1,032
Interest bearing debt amount	148,621												$ 1,311
Debt repayment	¥ 108,942	$ 961
Weighted average amortization period							43 years	43 years

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Acquisitions - Summary of Purchase Price Allocation (Detail) ¥ in Millions, $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019 JPY (¥)	Nov. 14, 2018 JPY (¥)	Nov. 14, 2018 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018 JPY (¥)	Mar. 31, 2017 JPY (¥)
Business Combination, Transactions [Line Items]
Goodwill	¥ 768,552			¥ 530,492	¥ 522,538
EMI Music Publishing
Business Combination, Transactions [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents		¥ 12,971
Notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets		32,287
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		10,220
Securities investments and other		1,476
Intangibles, net		420,534
Goodwill		237,271
Other		10,023
Total assets		724,782
Notes and accounts payable, trade		1,731
Accounts payable, other and accrued expenses		70,675
Accrued income and other taxes		3,082
Long-term debt		148,621	$ 1,311
Accrued pension and severance costs		1,947
Deferred income taxes		94,849
Other		5,564
Total liabilities		¥ 326,469

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Acquisitions - Unaudited Supplemental Pro Forma Financial Information (Detail) - EMI Music Publishing - JPY (¥) ¥ / shares in Units, ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Net sales	¥ 8,738,209	¥ 8,612,280
Operating income	801,973	854,786
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders	¥ 817,629	¥ 584,019
- Basic EPS	¥ 645.53	¥ 462.08
- Diluted EPS	¥ 631.55	¥ 451.88

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Divestitures - Additional Information (Detail) ¥ in Millions, $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
	Apr. 01, 2017 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018 JPY (¥)	Mar. 31, 2017 JPY (¥)
Battery Business Asset Group | Discontinued Operations, Held-for-sale | Other Operating Expense, Net
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Impairment losses recorded as a result of fair value valuation of assets and liabilities | ¥			¥ 42,298
Sony Electronics Huanan Co., Ltd [Member]
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Consideration for sale of subsidiaries | $	$ 234
Sales price of business | $	$ 95
Gain (loss) on sale of investments | ¥		¥ 28,262

XML

Collaborative Arrangements - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Collaborative Arrangements and Non-collaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Cost of sales	¥ 5,150,750	¥ 5,188,259	¥ 4,753,010
Net sales	8,665,687	8,543,982	7,603,250
Pictures
Collaborative Arrangements and Non-collaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Net sales	¥ 985,270	1,010,173	901,230
Pictures | Collaborative Arrangements, Co-production and Distribution Arrangements
Collaborative Arrangements and Non-collaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Collaborative arrangement, income statement classification description	Sony and the other participants typically share in the profits from the distribution of the product in all media or markets. For motion pictures, if Sony is a net receiver of (1) Sony’s share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by the other participants less (2) the other participants’ share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by Sony then the net amount is recorded as net sales. If Sony is a net payer then the net amount is recorded in cost of sales. For television programming, Sony records its share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by the other participants as sales, and the other participants’ share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by Sony as cost of sales.
Cost of sales	¥ 22,702	24,280	29,594
Net sales	¥ 42,343	¥ 49,547	¥ 44,124

XML

Commitments, Contingent Liabilities and Other - Additional Information (Detail) € in Millions, ¥ in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2015 EUR (€)	Mar. 31, 2019 JPY (¥)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Purchase commitments and other outstanding		¥ 593,338
Litigation case about optical disk drive business, fine from European Commission | €	€ 31
Maximum potential amount of future payments under guarantees		2,531
Financial Services
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Unused portion of lines of credit extended to customers		27,553
Pictures
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Purchase commitments and other outstanding		¥ 94,871
Purchase commitments and other outstanding, term		3 years
Music
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Purchase commitments and other outstanding		¥ 112,578
Purchase commitments and other outstanding, term		6 years
Game & Network Services
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Purchase commitments and other outstanding		¥ 11,027
Purchase commitments and other outstanding, term		1 year
Advertising and Promotional Rights
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Purchase commitments and other outstanding		¥ 10,132
Purchase commitments and other outstanding, term		2 years
Fixed Assets
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Purchase commitments and other outstanding		¥ 164,174
Materials
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Purchase commitments and other outstanding		¥ 125,164

XML

Commitments, Contingent Liabilities and Other (Schedule of Aggregate Amounts of Year-by-Year Payment of Purchase Commitments) (Detail) ¥ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019 JPY (¥)
Unrecorded Unconditional Purchase Obligation, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2020	¥ 344,417
2021	82,600
2022	55,492
2023	40,349
2024	26,387
Later fiscal years	44,093
Total	¥ 593,338

XML

Commitments, Contingent Liabilities and Other (Changes in Product Warranty Liability) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Movement in Standard Product Warranty Accrual [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of the fiscal year	¥ 44,717	¥ 57,694	¥ 64,450
Additional liabilities for warranties	23,041	32,179	51,465
Settlements (in cash or in kind)	(26,326)	(30,570)	(47,922)
Changes in estimate for pre-existing warranty reserve	(7,370)	(16,802)	(8,120)
Translation adjustments	(1,057)	2,216	(2,179)
Balance at end of the fiscal year	¥ 33,005	¥ 44,717	¥ 57,694

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Business Segment Information (Components of Segment Sales and Operating Revenue) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	¥ 8,665,687	¥ 8,543,982	¥ 7,603,250
Game & Network Services
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	2,224,622	1,848,298	1,581,568
Music
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	795,025	784,792	630,767
Pictures
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	985,270	1,010,173	901,230
Home Entertainment & Sound
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	1,154,533	1,221,734	1,034,215
Imaging Products & Solutions
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	661,304	647,163	571,499
Mobile Communications
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	487,330	713,916	752,688
Semiconductors
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	770,622	726,892	659,779
Financial Services
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	1,274,708	1,221,235	1,080,284
All Other
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	299,806	351,527	375,116
Intersegment | Game & Network Services
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	86,250	95,514	68,231
Intersegment | Music
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	12,464	15,203	16,891
Intersegment | Pictures
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	1,603	894	1,899
Intersegment | Home Entertainment & Sound
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	878	999	4,789
Intersegment | Imaging Products & Solutions
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	9,146	8,729	8,134
Intersegment | Mobile Communications
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	10,670	9,826	6,457
Intersegment | Semiconductors
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	108,708	123,118	113,344
Intersegment | Financial Services
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	7,831	7,142	7,220
Intersegment | All Other
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	45,931	55,647	75,334
Operating Segments | Game & Network Services
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	2,310,872	1,943,812	1,649,799
Operating Segments | Music
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	807,489	799,995	647,658
Operating Segments | Pictures
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	986,873	1,011,067	903,129
Operating Segments | Home Entertainment & Sound
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	1,155,411	1,222,733	1,039,004
Operating Segments | Imaging Products & Solutions
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	670,450	655,892	579,633
Operating Segments | Mobile Communications
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	498,000	723,742	759,145
Operating Segments | Semiconductors
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	879,330	850,010	773,123
Operating Segments | Financial Services
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	1,282,539	1,228,377	1,087,504
Operating Segments | All Other
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	345,737	407,174	450,450
Corporate and Eliminations
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	¥ (271,014)	¥ (298,820)	¥ (286,195)

XML

Business Segment Information (Components of Segment Profit or Loss) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Operating income (loss)	¥ 894,235	¥ 734,860	¥ 288,702
Other income	144,735	23,728	14,418
Other expenses	(27,322)	(59,539)	(51,501)
Consolidated income before income taxe	1,011,648	699,049	251,619
Operating Segments
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Operating income (loss)	968,910	798,943	375,783
Operating Segments | Game & Network Services
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Operating income (loss)	311,092	177,478	135,553
Operating Segments | Music
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Operating income (loss)	232,487	127,786	75,798
Operating Segments | Pictures
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Operating income (loss)	54,599	41,110	(80,521)
Operating Segments | Home Entertainment & Sound
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Operating income (loss)	89,669	85,841	58,504
Operating Segments | Imaging Products & Solutions
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Operating income (loss)	83,975	74,924	47,257
Operating Segments | Mobile Communications
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Operating income (loss)	(97,136)	(27,636)	10,164
Operating Segments | Semiconductors
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Operating income (loss)	143,874	164,023	(7,811)
Operating Segments | Financial Services
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Operating income (loss)	161,477	178,947	166,424
Operating Segments | All Other
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Operating income (loss)	(11,127)	(23,530)	(29,585)
Corporate and Eliminations
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Operating income (loss)	¥ (74,675)	¥ (64,083)	¥ (87,081)

XML

Business Segment Information - Additional Information (Detail) ¥ in Billions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018 JPY (¥)
Semiconductors
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Decrease in allocated expense	¥ (3.2)
Imaging Products & Solutions
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Decrease in allocated expense	(2.0)
Corporate and Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Increase in corporate income	¥ 7.5

XML

Business Segment Information (Components of Other Significant Items) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies	¥ (2,999)	¥ 8,569	¥ 3,563
Depreciation and amortization	374,026	361,444	327,048
Corporate
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	31,049	40,375	43,094
Operating Segments
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	342,977	321,069	283,954
Operating Segments | Game & Network Services
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	29,023	29,091	25,486
Operating Segments | Music
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies	(6,915)	4,483	5,435
Depreciation and amortization	21,259	18,230	16,124
Operating Segments | Pictures
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies	106	(129)	(35)
Depreciation and amortization	24,081	24,458	20,487
Operating Segments | Home Entertainment & Sound
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	21,887	21,136	19,830
Operating Segments | Imaging Products & Solutions
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	24,867	23,928	25,442
Operating Segments | Mobile Communications
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies	(38)	(102)	(79)
Depreciation and amortization	14,995	19,215	19,794
Operating Segments | Semiconductors
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	110,746	99,258	102,328
Operating Segments | Financial Services
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies	(682)	(61)	(3,601)
Depreciation and amortization	91,179	79,843	47,056
Operating Segments | All Other
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies	4,530	4,378	1,843
Depreciation and amortization	¥ 4,940	¥ 5,910	¥ 7,407

XML

Business Segment Information (Sales and Operating Revenue to External Customers by Product Category) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	¥ 8,665,687	¥ 8,543,982	¥ 7,603,250
Game & Network Services
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	2,224,622	1,848,298	1,581,568
Game & Network Services | Digital Software and Add-on Content [Member]
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	1,102,231	762,220	525,683
Game & Network Services | Network
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	326,524	270,972	189,241
Game & Network Services | Hardware and other products and services [Member]
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	795,867	815,106	866,644
Music
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	795,025	784,792	630,767
Music | Recorded Music
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	426,926	446,960	388,948
Music | Music Publishing
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	106,666	74,360	66,541
Music | Visual Media and Platform
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	261,433	263,472	175,278
Pictures
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	985,270	1,010,173	901,230
Pictures | Motion Pictures
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	436,017	448,945	409,363
Pictures | Television Productions
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	288,816	289,024	271,886
Pictures | Media Networks
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	260,437	272,204	219,981
Home Entertainment & Sound
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	1,154,533	1,221,734	1,034,215
Home Entertainment & Sound | Televisions
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	788,423	861,763	720,557
Home Entertainment & Sound | Audio and Video
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	362,580	357,194	311,771
Home Entertainment & Sound | Other Products and Services
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	3,530	2,777	1,887
Imaging Products & Solutions
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	661,304	647,163	571,499
Imaging Products & Solutions | Other Products and Services
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	239,798	231,845	219,665
Imaging Products & Solutions | Still and Video Cameras
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	421,506	415,318	351,834
Mobile Communications
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	487,330	713,916	752,688
Semiconductors
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	770,622	726,892	659,779
Financial Services
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	1,274,708	1,221,235	1,080,284
All Other
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	299,806	351,527	375,116
Corporate
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	¥ 12,467	¥ 18,252	¥ 16,104

XML

Business Segment Information (Sales and Operating Revenue Attributed to Countries Based on Location of Customers and Long-Lived Assets) (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	¥ 8,665,687	¥ 8,543,982	¥ 7,603,250
Property, plant and equipment, net	777,053	739,470
Japan
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	2,591,784	2,625,619	2,392,790
Property, plant and equipment, net	590,694	563,593
United States
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	1,982,135	1,835,705	1,673,768
Property, plant and equipment, net	113,581	97,979
Europe
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	1,862,166	1,841,457	1,634,683
Property, plant and equipment, net	22,622	23,302
China
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	770,416	674,718	557,995
Property, plant and equipment, net	11,694	11,232
Asia Pacific
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	912,193	1,024,179	866,712
Property, plant and equipment, net	34,273	36,738
Other Areas
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Sales and operating revenue, Total	546,993	542,304	¥ 477,302
Property, plant and equipment, net	¥ 4,189	¥ 6,626

XML

Subsequent Events - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions, shares in Millions			12 Months Ended
	May 17, 2019	May 16, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Purchase price of shares repurchased			¥ 100,000
Subsequent event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Share repurchase start date		May 17, 2019
Share repurchase end date		Mar. 31, 2020
Subsequent event | Sony Life Insurance Co Ltd
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Percentage of equity interest acquired	50.00%
Business acquisition total consideration	¥ 16,000
Ownership percentage	100.00%
Subsequent event | Maximum
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of shares repurchased		60
Purchase price of shares repurchased		¥ 200,000

XML

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Detail) - JPY (¥) ¥ in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of period		¥ 48,663	¥ 53,150	¥ 72,783
Beginning adjustment	[1]	(25,114)
Additions charged to costs and expenses		7,112	45,515	33,667
Deductions	[2]	(5,532)	(51,302)	(50,858)
Other	[3]	311	1,300	(2,442)
Balance at end of period		25,440	48,663	53,150
Valuation allowance - Deferred tax assets
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of period		899,835	1,051,964	1,055,858
Additions charged to costs and expenses		116,938	70,797	149,697
Deductions		(309,226)	(123,597)	(154,210)
Other	[4]	15,567	(99,329)	619
Balance at end of period		¥ 723,114	¥ 899,835	¥ 1,051,964

[1] Sony adopted ASU 2014-09 from April 1, 2018, and as a result, sales returns are presented as a liability instead of as a contra-asset allowance. Accordingly, Sony changed the presentation from "Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns" to "Allowance for doubtful accounts" for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

[2] Reversal including amounts written off.

[3] Translation adjustments.

[4] Translation adjustments and the effect of change in statutory tax rate.