Exhibit (a)(6)

GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9

Guidelines for Determining the Proper Identification Number to Give the Payer.  Social security numbers have nine digits separated by two hyphens: i.e., 000-00-0000. Employer identification numbers have nine digits separated by only one hyphen: i.e., 00-0000000. The table below will help determine the number to give the payer. All “section” references are to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).

		Give the name and SOCIAL
		SECURITY NUMBER
For this type of account:		of —
1.	Individual	The individual
2.	Two or more individuals (joint account)	The actual owner of the account or, if combined funds, the first individual on the account(1)
3.	Custodian account of a minor (Uniform Gift to Minors Act)	The minor(2)
4.	a. The usual revocable savings trust (grantor is also trustee)	The grantor-trustee(1)
	b. So-called trust account that is not a legal or valid trust under state law	The actual owner(1)
5.	Sole proprietorship or disregarded entity owned by an individual	The owner(3)

		Give the EMPLOYER
		IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
For this type of account:		of —
6.	Disregarded entity not owned by an individual	The owner
7.	A valid trust, estate, or pension trust	The legal entity(4)
8.	Corporate or LLC electing corporate status on Form 8832	The corporation
9.	Association, club, religious, charitable, educational, or other tax-exempt organization	The organization
10.	Partnership or multi-member LLC	The partnership
11.	A broker or registered nominee	The broker or nominee
12.	Account with the Department of Agriculture in the name of a public entity (such as a state or local government, school district, or prison) that receives agricultural program payments	The public entity

(1)	List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish. If only one person on a joint account has a social security number, that person’s number must be furnished.
(2)	Circle the minor’s name and furnish the minor’s social security number.
(3)	You must show your individual name and you may also enter your business or “DBA” name on the second name line. You may use either your social security number or employer identification number (if you have one), but the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) encourages you to use your social security number.
(4)	List first and circle the name of the legal trust, estate, or pension trust. (Do not furnish the taxpayer identification number of the personal representative or trustee unless the legal entity itself is not designated in the account title.)

NOTE:  When there is more than one name, if no name is circled, the number will be considered to be that of the first name listed.

GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9

Obtaining a Number

If you do not have a taxpayer identification number (“TIN”), you should apply for one immediately. You may obtain Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Card, at the local office of the Social Security Administration or from the Social Security Administration website at www.ssa.gov. You may obtain Form SS-4, Application for Employer Identification Number, or Form W-7, Application for IRS Individual Taxpayer Identification Number, from the IRS by calling 1-800-TAX-FORM (1-800-829-3676) or from the IRS website at www.irs.gov. If you do not have a TIN, write “Applied For” in the space for the TIN, indicating that you have already applied for a TIN or that you intend to apply for one soon.

Payees Exempt from Backup Withholding

The following is a list of payees that may be exempt from backup withholding and for which no information reporting is required. For interest and dividends, all listed payees are exempt except for those listed in item (9). For broker transactions, payees listed in (1) through (13) and any person registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 who regularly acts as a broker are exempt. Payments subject to reporting under sections 6041 and 6041A are generally exempt from backup withholding only if made to payees described in items (1) through (7); however, the following payments made to a corporation (including gross proceeds paid to an attorney under section 6045(f), even if the attorney is a corporation) and reportable on Form 1099-MISC are not exempt from backup withholding: (i) medical and health care payments, (ii) attorneys’ fees, and (iii) payments for services paid by a federal executive agency. Only payees described in items (1) through (5) are exempt from backup withholding for barter exchange transactions and patronage dividends.

(1) An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a), any individual retirement plan (“IRA”) where the payor is also the trustee or custodian, or a custodial account under section 403(b)(7), if the account satisfies the requirements of section 401(f)(2).

(2) The United States or any of its agencies or instrumentalities.

(3) A state, the District of Columbia, a possession of the United States, or any of their subdivisions or instrumentalities.

(4) A foreign government or any of its political subdivisions, agencies or instrumentalities.

(5) An international organization or any of its agencies or instrumentalities.

(6) A corporation.

(7) A foreign central bank of issue.

(8) A dealer in securities or commodities required to register in the United States, the District of Columbia, or a possession of the United States.

(9) A futures commission merchant registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

(10) A real estate investment trust.

(11) An entity registered at all times during the tax year under the Investment Company Act of 1940.

(12) A common trust fund operated by a bank under section 584(a).

(13) A financial institution.

(14) A middleman known in the investment community as a nominee or custodian.

(15) A trust exempt from tax under section 664, or described in section 4947.

Certain other payees may be exempt from either dividend and interest payments or broker transactions. You should consult your tax advisor to determine whether you might be exempt from backup withholding. Exempt payees described above should file the substitute Form W-9 to avoid possible erroneous backup withholding. Complete the substitute Form W-9 as follows:

ENTER YOUR TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, WRITE “EXEMPT” ACROSS THE FACE OF THE FORM, SIGN AND DATE THE FORM AND RETURN THE FORM TO THE PAYER.

IF YOU ARE A NONRESIDENT ALIEN OR FOREIGN ENTITY NOT SUBJECT TO BACKUP WITHHOLDING, GIVE THE PAYER THE APPROPRIATE COMPLETED FORM W-8.

Privacy Act Notice.  Section 6109 requires you to give your correct TIN to persons who must file information returns with the IRS to report interest, dividends, and certain other income paid to you, mortgage interest you paid, the acquisition or abandonment of secured property, cancellation of debt, or contributions you made to an IRA or Archer MSA or HSA. The IRS uses the numbers for identification purposes and to help verify the accuracy of your tax return. The IRS may also provide this information to the Department of Justice for civil and criminal litigation and to cities, states, the District of Columbia and U.S. possessions to carry out their tax laws. The IRS may also disclose this information to other countries under a tax treaty, or to federal and state agencies to enforce federal non-tax criminal laws, or to federal law enforcement and intelligence agencies to combat terrorism.

You must provide your TIN whether or not you are required to file a tax return. Payers must generally withhold 28% of taxable interest, dividends, and certain other payments to a payee who does not give a TIN to a payer. Certain penalties may also apply, including those listed below.

Penalties

(1) Failure to Furnish TIN — If you fail to furnish your correct TIN to a requester, you are subject to a penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect.

(2) Civil Penalty for False Information with Respect to Withholding — If you make a false statement with no reasonable basis that results in no backup withholding, you are subject to a penalty of $500.

(3) Criminal Penalty for Falsifying Information — Willfully falsifying certifications or affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties including fines and/or imprisonment.

(4) Misuse of TINs — If the requester discloses or uses TINs in violation of federal law, the requester may be subject to civil and criminal penalties.

FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, CONTACT YOUR TAX ADVISOR OR THE IRS.