Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 27, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

INCOME TAXES

The following table summarizes the Company’s effective tax rate:

	Three-Month Period Ended				Nine-Month Period Ended
	September 27, 2024		September 29, 2023		September 27, 2024		September 29, 2023
Effective tax rate	16.3	%	18.0	%	15.6	%	18.7	%

The Company operates globally, including in certain jurisdictions with lower tax rates than the United States (“U.S.”) federal statutory rate. Therefore, the impact of operating in such jurisdictions contributes to a lower effective tax rate compared to the U.S. federal statutory tax rate. For each period presented, the effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% principally due to the impact of the Company’s global operations, research tax credits, foreign-derived intangible income and aggregate net discrete benefits or charges.

For the three-month period ended September 27, 2024, the effective tax rate included the tax effect from an intangible asset impairment in a jurisdiction with a higher statutory tax rate than the Company’s effective tax rate, which reduced the effective tax rate by 1.4%. There was no net discrete tax benefit in the three-month period, as excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation were offset by other discrete tax charges.

For the three-month period ended September 29, 2023, net discrete tax charges of $5 million, which increased the effective tax rate by 0.4%, related primarily to tax costs related to the separation of the Environmental & Applied Solutions business and changes in estimates associated with prior period uncertain tax positions, partially offset by excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation.

For the nine-month period ended September 27, 2024, aggregate net discrete tax benefits of $45 million, which reduced the effective tax rate by 1.4%, related primarily to excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation, release of reserves for uncertain tax positions due to the expiration of statutes of limitation and changes in estimates associated with prior period uncertain tax positions. The effective tax rate for this period also included the tax effect from the intangible asset impairment referenced above, which reduced the effective tax rate by 0.5%.

For the nine-month period ended September 29, 2023, net discrete tax charges of $24 million, which increased the effective tax rate by 0.6%, related primarily to tax costs related to the separation of the Environmental & Applied Solutions business, tax costs related to legal and operational actions taken to realign certain businesses and changes in estimates associated with prior period uncertain tax positions, partially offset by excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation and interest on prior year tax refunds.

In the fourth quarter of 2022, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) proposed significant adjustments to the Company’s taxable income for the years 2016 through 2018 with respect to the deferral of tax on certain premium income related to the Company’s self-insurance programs. For income tax purposes, the recognition of premium income has been deferred in accordance with U.S. tax laws related to insurance. The proposed adjustments would have increased the Company’s taxable income over the 2016 through 2018 periods by approximately $2.5 billion. In the first quarter of 2023, the Company settled these proposed adjustments with the IRS, although the audit is still open with respect to other matters for the 2016 through 2018 period. The impact of the settlement with respect to the Company’s self-insurance policies was not material to the Company’s financial statements, including cash flows and the effective tax rate. As the settlement with the IRS was specific to the audit period, the settlement does not preclude the IRS from proposing similar adjustments to the Company’s self-insurance programs with respect to periods subsequent to 2018. Management believes the positions the Company has taken in its U.S. tax returns are in accordance with the relevant tax laws.

For a description of the Company’s significant tax matters, reference is made to the financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 and Note 7 thereto included in the Company’s 2023 Annual Report.