NOTE 13: RESTRUCTURING LIABILITIES

Charges for restructuring activities are recorded in the period in which Kodak commits to a formalized restructuring plan, or executes the specific actions contemplated by the plan, and all criteria for liability recognition under the applicable accounting guidance have been met. Restructuring actions taken in the first six months of 2018 were initiated to reduce Kodak’s cost structure as part of its commitment to drive sustainable profitability and included various targeted reductions in manufacturing, service, sales, research and development, and other administrative functions.

Restructuring Reserve Activity

The activity in the accrued balances and the non-cash charges and credits incurred in relation to restructuring activities for the six months ended June 30, 2018 were as follows:

(in millions)	Severance Reserve ⁽¹⁾			Exit Costs Reserve ⁽¹⁾			Long-lived Asset Impairments and Inventory Write-downs ⁽¹⁾		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	6		$	4		$	—	$	10
Q1 charges		2			—			—		2
Q1 utilization/cash payments		(4	)		—			—		(4	)
Balance as of March 31, 2018	$	4		$	4		$	—	$	8
Q2 charges	$	2		$	—		$	—	$	2
Q2 utilization/cash payments		(3	)		(2	)		—		(5	)
Q2 other adjustments and reclasses ⁽²⁾		(1	)		—			—		(1	)
Balance as of June 30, 2018	$	2		$	2		$	—	$	4

⁽¹⁾	The severance and exit costs reserves require the outlay of cash, while long-lived asset impairments and inventory write-downs represent non-cash items.

⁽²⁾Represents severance charges funded from pension plan assets, which were reclassified to Pension and other postretirement liabilities.

For the three months ended June 30, 2018 the $2 million of charges were reported as Restructuring costs and other.

The severance costs for the three months ended June 30, 2018 related to the elimination of approximately 40 positions including approximately 30 manufacturing/service positions, 5 research and development positions, and 5 administrative and sales positions. The geographic composition of these positions includes approximately 35 in the United States and Canada and 5 throughout the rest of the world.

For the six months ended June 30, 2018 the $4 million of charges were reported as Restructuring costs and other.

The severance costs for the six months ended June 30, 2018 related to the elimination of approximately 75 positions including approximately 40 manufacturing/service positions, 5 research and development positions, and 30 administrative and sales positions. The geographic composition of these positions includes approximately 35 in the United States and Canada and 40 throughout the rest of the world.

As a result of these initiatives, the majority of the severance will be paid during periods through the end of 2018.