FAIR VALUE OF INSTRUMENTS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

5. FAIR VALUE INSTRUMENTS

In accordance with ASC Topic 820, the Company measures cash and cash equivalents, marketable debt and equity securities at fair value on a recurring basis. Other investments are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

The following are the major categories of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) and significant other observable inputs (Level 2). For the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, there were no major assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis which uses significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

	Fair value measurement at reporting date using
Description	Total December 31, 2018		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Time deposits	$	355,000	$	-	$	355,000	$	—
Money market mutual funds		1,594,000		1,594,000		—		—
US T-bills		17,429,000		17,429,000		—		—
Marketable securities:
Corporate debt securities		502,000		—		502,000		—
Marketable equity securities		2,574,000		2,574,000		—		—
Total assets	$	22,454,000	$	21,597,000	$	857,000	$	—

	Fair value measurement at reporting date using
Description	Total December 31, 2017		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Time deposits	$	352,000	$	—	$	352,000	$	—
Money market mutual funds		1,633,000		1,633,000		—		—
US T-bills		2,935,000		2,935,000		—
Marketable securities:
Corporate debt securities		517,000		—		517,000		—
Marketable equity securities		4,033,000		4,033,000		—		—
Total assets	$	9,470,000	$	8,601,000	$	869,000	$	—

Carrying amount is the estimated fair value for corporate debt securities and time deposits based on a market-based approach using observable (Level 2) inputs such as prices of similar assets in active markets.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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