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FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2012
FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS [Abstract]  
FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS
 
NOTE 9 - FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS
 
Convertible Notes
 
      On June 1, 2011, the Company closed its offering of $120,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 3.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2016 (the "Notes") which includes $20,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of the Notes issued in connection with the full exercise by the initial purchasers of their over-allotment option. The Notes are governed by the Company's indenture with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee (the "Indenture"). The Notes were offered and sold only to qualified institutional buyers. The net proceeds from the sale of the Notes were approximately $115,317,000, after deducting underwriting fees and other related expenses.
 
     The Notes have a maturity date of June 1, 2016 and pay interest at an annual rate of 3.50% semiannually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2011. The Notes are convertible into Akorn's common stock, cash or a combination thereof at an initial conversion price of $8.76 per share, which is equivalent to an initial conversion rate of approximately 114.1553 shares per $1,000 principal amount of Notes. The conversion price is subject to adjustment for certain events described in the Indenture, including certain corporate transactions which will increase the conversion rate and decrease the conversion price for a holder that elects to convert its Notes in connection with such corporate transaction.
 
       The Notes may be converted at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding December 1, 2015 only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after September 30, 2011, if the closing sale price of the Company's common stock, for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the calendar quarter immediately preceding the calendar quarter in which the conversion occurs, is more than 130% of the conversion price in effect on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five consecutive trading-day period following any five consecutive trading-day period in which the trading price for the Notes per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for each such trading day was less than 98% of the closing sale price of the Company's common stock on such date multiplied by the then-current conversion rate; or (3) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On or after December 1, 2015 until the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the stated maturity date, holders may surrender all or any portion of their Notes for conversion at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, at the Company's option, cash, shares of the Company's common stock, or a combination thereof. If a fundamental change (as defined in the Indenture) occurs prior to the stated maturity date, holders may require the Company to purchase for cash all or a portion of their Notes.
 
The Notes became convertible for the quarter ending June 30, 2012 as a result of the Company's common stock closing above the required price of $11.39 per share for 20 of the last 30 consecutive trading days in the quarter ended March 31, 2012.
The Notes are accounted for in accordance with ASC 470-20. Under ASC 470-20, issuers of convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion, including partial cash settlement, are required to separately account for the liability (debt) and equity (conversion option) components.
The application of ASC 470-20 resulted in the recognition of $20,470,000 as the value for the equity component. At March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the net carrying amount of the liability component and the remaining unamortized debt discount were as follows (in thousands):
 
MARCH 31,
DECEMBER 31,
2012
2011
Carrying amount of equity component
$
20,470
$
20,470
Carrying amount of the liability component
101,740
100,808
Unamortized discount of the liability component
18,260
19,192
Unamortized deferred financing costs
3,302
3,470
 
The Company incurred debt issuance costs of $4,683,000 related to its issuance of the Notes. In accordance with ASC 470-20, the Company allocated this debt issuance cost ratably between the liability and equity components of the Notes, resulting in $3,852,000 of debt issuance costs allocated to the liability component and $831,000 allocated to the equity component. The portion allocated to the liability component was classified as deferred financing costs and is being amortized by the effective interest method through the earlier of the maturity date of the Notes or the date of conversion, while the portion allocated to the equity component was recorded as an offset to additional paid-in capital upon issuance of the Notes.

For the three months ended March 31, 2012, the Company recorded the following expenses in relation to the Notes (in thousands):
 
Expense Description
Line Item on Condensed Consolidated
Statements of Comprehensive Income
Expense
Amount
Interest expense at 3.50% coupon rate
Interest (expense) income, net
$1,050
Debt discount amortization
Non-cash interest expense
932
Deferred financing cost amortization
Amortization of deferred financing costs
168
$2,150
 
      Upon issuing the Notes, the Company established a deferred tax liability of $8,597,000 related to the debt discount of $21,301,000, with an offsetting debit of $8,597,000 to Common stock. The deferred tax liability was established because the amortization of the debt discount generates non-cash interest expense that is not deductible for income tax purposes. Since the Company's net deferred tax assets were fully reserved by valuation allowance at the time the Notes were issued, the Company reduced its valuation allowance by $8,597,000 upon recording the deferred tax liability related to the debt discount with an offsetting credit of $8,597,000 to Common stock. As a result, the net impact of these entries was a debit of $8,597,000 to the valuation reserve against the Company's deferred tax assets and a credit of $8,597,000 to deferred tax liability. The deferred tax liability is being amortized monthly as the Company records non-cash interest from its amortization of the debt discount on the Notes.
Bank of America Credit Facility
 
     On October 7, 2011, the Company and its domestic subsidiaries (the "Borrowers") entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the "B of A Credit Agreement") with Bank of America, N.A. (the "Agent") and other financial institutions (collectively with the Agent, the "B of A Lenders") through which it obtained a $20.0 million revolving line of credit (the "Facility"), which includes a $2.0 million letter of credit facility. The Company may request expansion of the Facility from time to time in increments of at least $5.0 million up to a maximum commitment of $35.0 million, so long as no default or event of default has occurred and is continuing. The facility matures in March 2016. The Company may early terminate the B of A Lenders' commitments under the Facility upon 90 days' notice to the Agent at any time after the first year.

        Under the terms of the B of A Credit Agreement, amounts outstanding will bear interest at the Company's election at (a) LIBOR or (b) the bank's Base Rate (which is the greatest of: (i) the prime rate, (ii) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, or (iii) LIBOR plus 1.0%), plus an applicable margin, which margin is based on the consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of the Company and its subsidiaries from time to time. Additionally, the Borrowers will pay an unused line fee of 0.250% per annum on the unused portion of the Facility. Interest and unused line fees will be accrued and paid monthly. In addition, with respect to any letters of credit that may be issued, the Borrowers will pay: (i) a fee equal to the applicable margin times the average amount of outstanding letters of credit, (ii) a fronting fee equal to 0.125% per annum on the stated amount of each letter of credit, and (iii) any additional fees incurred by the applicable issuer in connection with issuing the letter of credit. During an event of default, any interest or fees payable will be increased by 2% per annum.

       Availability under the revolving credit line is equal to the lesser of (a) $20.0 million reduced by outstanding letter of credit obligations or (b) the amount of a Borrowing Base (as defined in accordance with the terms of the B of A Credit Agreement) determined by reference to the value of the Borrowers' eligible accounts receivable, eligible inventory and fixed assets as of the closing date and the end of each calendar month thereafter.

       Obligations under the B of A Credit Agreement are secured by substantially all of the assets of each of the Borrowers and a pledge by the Borrowers of their respective equity interest in each domestic subsidiary of the Company and 65% of their respective equity interests in any foreign subsidiary of the Company. The B of A Credit Agreement contains representations and warranties, and affirmative and negative covenants customary for financings of this type, including, but not limited to, limitations on: distributions while we have any outstanding commitments or obligations under the B of A Credit Agreement; additional borrowings and liens; additional investments and asset sales; and fundamental changes to corporate structure or organization documents. The financial covenants require the Borrowers to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.1 to 1.0 during any period commencing on the date that an event of default occurs or availability under the B of A Credit Agreement is less than 15% of the aggregate B of A Lenders' commitments under the B of A Credit Agreement. During the term of the agreement, the Company must provide the Agent with monthly, quarterly and annual financial statements, monthly compliance certificates, annual budget projections and copies of press releases and SEC filings.

      As of March 31, 2012, the Company had $3.0 million in an outstanding letter of credit under the B of A Credit Agreement, and no borrowing. Accordingly, the remaining borrowing availability under the B of A Credit Agreement was $17.0 million as of March 31, 2012.

EJ Funds Credit Facility

        From January 7, 2009 to June 17, 2011, the Company was party to a credit facility originally entered into with General Electric Capital Corporation, and subsequently assigned to EJ Funds, LP on March 31, 2009. The Company early terminated this credit facility on June 17, 2011.

On January 7, 2009, the Company entered into a $25,000,000 Credit Agreement (the "EJ Funds Credit Agreement") with General Electric Capital Corporation ("GE Capital") as agent for several financial institutions (the "Lenders"). On February 19, 2009, as a result of GE Capital's concerns about the Company's financial performance and ability to comply with certain covenants contained in the EJ Funds Credit Agreement, GE Capital informed the Company that it was applying a reserve against availability which effectively restricted the Company's borrowings under the EJ Funds Credit Agreement to the balance outstanding as of February 19, 2009, which was $5,523,620. On March 31, 2009, the Company consented to an Assignment Agreement ("Assignment") between GE Capital and EJ Funds LP ("EJ Funds"), an entity controlled by the Company's chairman, which transferred to EJ Funds all of GE Capital's rights and obligations under the EJ Funds Credit Agreement. Pursuant to the Assignment, EJ Funds became the agent and lender under the EJ Funds Credit Agreement. The Company's chairman, John N. Kapoor, Ph.D., is the President of EJ Financial Enterprises, Inc., a healthcare consulting investment company ("EJ Financial") and EJ Financial is the general partner of EJ Funds.
 
In connection with the Assignment, on April 13, 2009, the Company entered into a Modification, Warrant and Investor Rights Agreement (the "Modification Agreement") with EJ Funds that, among other things, (i) reduced the revolving loan commitment under the EJ Funds Credit Agreement to $5,650,000, and (ii) set the interest rate for all amounts outstanding under the EJ Funds Credit Agreement at an annual rate of 10% with interest payable monthly. The Modification Agreement also granted EJ Funds the right to require the Company to nominate two directors to serve on its Board of Directors. The Kapoor Trust is entitled to require the Company to nominate a third director under its Stock Purchase Agreement dated November 15, 1990 with the Kapoor Trust. In addition, the Company agreed to pay all accrued legal fees and other expenses of EJ Funds that relate to the EJ Funds Credit Agreement and other loan documents, including legal expenses incurred with respect to the Modification Agreement and the Assignment.
 
Pursuant to the Modification Agreement, on April 13, 2009, the Company granted EJ Funds a warrant (the "Modification Warrant") to purchase 1,939,639 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of $1.11 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The Modification Warrant expires five years after its issuance and is exercisable upon payment of the exercise price in cash or by means of a cashless exercise yielding a net share figure.
 
On August 17, 2009, the Company completed negotiations with EJ Funds for additional capacity on the EJ Funds Credit Facility, increasing the loan commitment from $5,650,000 to $10,000,000. In consideration of this amendment, EJ Funds was granted a warrant to acquire 1,650,806 shares of the Company's common stock at $1.16 per share, the closing market price on August 14, 2009. The EJ Funds Credit Facility was secured by the assets of the Company and was not subject to debt covenants until April 1, 2010.

        On January 13, 2010, the parties entered into an amendment to the EJ Funds Credit Agreement which, among other things, reduced the number of financial covenants to two: (1) a limit on capital expenditures of $7,500,000 in 2010, $5,000,000 in 2011, and $5,000,000 in 2012 and (2) a requirement to have positive liquidity throughout the life of the EJ Funds Credit Agreement. Positive liquidity was defined as the revolving line of credit borrowing base (up to $10,000,000) plus cash and cash equivalents less the outstanding principal on the revolving line of credit, the total of which was required to be greater than zero. The capital expenditures limit allowed that any unused portion from one year could be carried over and added to the next year's limit. On January 27, 2011, EJ Funds and the Company signed a Waiver and Consent that waived the Company's obligation to comply with the capital expenditure limit for 2011.

        On June 17, 2011, the Company elected to early terminate the EJ Funds Credit Agreement. The Company had not borrowed against the EJ Funds Credit Agreement since repaying its outstanding balance in the first quarter of 2010. Upon terminating the EJ Funds Credit Agreement, the Company expensed $1.2 million in remaining unamortized deferred financing costs incurred related to entering into the EJ Funds Credit Agreement. The Company incurred no fees or penalties related to its early termination of the EJ Funds Credit Agreement.