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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2011
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES  
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
NOTE B - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
 
Chargebacks: The Company enters into contractual agreements with certain third parties such as hospitals and group-purchasing organizations to sell certain products at predetermined prices. The parties have elected to have these contracts administered through wholesalers that buy products from the Company and subsequently sell them to these third parties. When a wholesaler sells products to one of these third parties that are subject to a contractual price agreement, the difference between the price paid to the Company by the wholesaler and the price under the specific contract is charged back to the Company by the wholesaler. The Company tracks sales and submitted chargebacks by product number and contract for each wholesaler. Utilizing this information, the Company estimates a chargeback percentage for each product. The Company reduces gross sales and increases the chargeback allowance by the estimated chargeback amount for each product sold to a wholesaler.  When an actual chargeback request is received from a wholesaler, the Company reduces the chargeback allowance when it processes the chargeback. Actual chargebacks processed by the Company can vary materially from period to period based upon actual sales volume through the wholesalers. However, the Company's expense provision for chargebacks is recorded at the time when sales revenues are recognized.
 
Management obtains periodic wholesaler inventory reports to aid in analyzing the reasonableness of the chargeback allowance. The Company assesses the reasonableness of its chargeback allowance by applying the product chargeback percentage based on historical activity to the quantities of inventory on hand per the wholesaler inventory reports and an estimate of inventory in transit to the wholesaler at the end of the period. In accordance with its accounting policy, the Company's estimate of the percentage amount of wholesaler inventory that will ultimately be sold to a third party that is subject to a contractual price agreement is based on a six-quarter trend of such sales through wholesalers. The Company uses the established percentage estimate until historical and current trends indicate that a revision should be made.  The Company used an estimate of 98.5% during the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 97% during the six months ended June 30, 2010.
 
Sales Returns: Certain of the Company's products are sold with the customer having the right to return the product within specified periods and guidelines for a variety of reasons, including but not limited to, pending expiration dates. Provisions are made at the time of sale based upon tracked historical experience, by customer in some cases. The Company estimates its sales returns reserve based on a historical percentage of returns to sales by product. One-time historical factors, new product introductions or pending new developments that would impact the expected level of returns are taken into account to determine the appropriate reserve estimate at each balance sheet date.
 
As part of the evaluation of the balance required, the Company considers actual returns to date that are in process, the expected impact of any product recalls and the wholesaler's inventory information to assess the magnitude of unconsumed product that may result in a sales return to the Company in the future. The sales returns level can be impacted by factors such as overall market demand and market competition and availability for substitute products which can increase or decrease the end-user pull through for sales of the Company's products and ultimately impact the level of sales returns. Actual returns experience and trends are factored into the Company's estimates each quarter as market conditions change.
 
Coupons and Promotions:  The Company utilizes various types of coupons, as well as sales promotions through major retail chains to assist in selling its OTC eye care products.  At the time coupons are issued, the Company records a provision based on the dollar amount of the coupon offer and the estimated rate of redemption which is calculated based on historical experience.
 
Income taxes:  Due to uncertainty in the ability of the Company to realize deferred tax assets, a valuation allowance has been recorded for the net deferred income tax assets.  The tax expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2011 reflects the legislative suspension of the use of prior year's carryforward net operating losses (“NOL's”) in certain states. Prior to this suspension, the Company was able to use the prior years' NOL's to reduce or eliminate current income taxes in those states.  The tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2010 primarily relates to certain minimum state tax assessments.  The Company has not recorded a federal tax provision as it is still able to use those NOL's for federal income tax purposes.
 
Convertible Senior Notes:  On June 1, 2011, the Company closed on its offering of $120,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 3.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2016 (the “Notes”),  The net proceeds from the sale of the Notes were $115,413,000, after deducting underwriting fees and other related expenses.  The Notes are accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 470-20, “Debt with Conversion and Other Options.” Under ASC 470-20, issuers of certain convertible debt instruments that have a net settlement feature and may be settled in cash upon conversion, including partial cash settlement, are required to separately account for the liability (debt) and equity (conversion option) components of the instrument. The carrying amount of the liability component of the Notes, as of the issuance date, was calculated by estimating the fair value of a similar liability issued at an 8.96% effective interest rate, which was determined by considering the rate of return investors would require given the Company's capitalization and debt structure. The amount of the equity component was calculated by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the total principal amount of the Notes, and resulted in a corresponding increase to debt discount. The resulting allocation of the $120,000,000 in gross proceeds was $98,617,000 to long-term debt and $21,383,000 to equity.  The debt discount is being amortized as interest expense through the earlier of the maturity date of the Notes or the date of conversion. Amortization of the debt discount for the three months ended June 30, 2011 resulted in non-cash interest expense of $286,000.
 
The Company incurred debt issuance costs of $4,587,000 related to its issuance of the Notes.  In accordance with ASC 470-20, the Company allocated this debt issuance cost ratably between the liability and equity components of the Notes, resulting in $3,770,000 of debt issuance costs allocated to the liability component and $817,000 allocated to the equity component.  The $3,770,000 was classified as debt financing costs and is being amortized using the effective interest method through the earlier of the maturity date of the Notes or the date of conversion, while the $817,000 was recorded as an offset to additional paid-in capital upon issuance of the Notes.
 
Further information on the Notes is included in Note H below.
 
Warrants Liability – Related Party: The Company issued various warrants during 2009 to entities controlled by John N. Kapoor, Ph.D., the Chairman of the Company's Board of Directors (the “Kapoor Warrants”).  The Company had classified the fair value of these warrants as a current liability in accordance with ASC 815-40-15-3, Derivatives and Hedging, (formerly EITF 00-19, Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company's Own Stock). This classification was made as a result of the requirement that the shares to be issued upon exercise of the Kapoor Warrants be registered shares, which could not be absolutely assured.  The Kapoor Warrants were adjusted to fair value at the end of each quarter through Black-Scholes calculations which considered changes in the market price of the Company's common stock, the remaining contractual life of the Kapoor Warrants, and other factors.  Any change in the fair value of the Kapoor Warrants was recorded as income or expense on the Company's consolidated statement of operations for the applicable period.
 
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures, establishes the fair value hierarchy that combines fair value measurement inputs into three classifications: Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3.  Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in an active market for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. The fair values of the warrants were considered Level 3 inputs.  There were no transfers of assets or liabilities in or out of Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and no purchases, sales, issuances or settlements of Level 3 assets or liabilities from December 31, 2009 until June 28, 2010.
 
On June 28, 2010, the Company and Dr. Kapoor entered into an Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement (the “Amended Agreement”) which modified certain terms related to the Company's obligation to obtain and maintain registration of any shares issued pursuant to exercise of the Kapoor Warrants.  The Amended Agreement still requires the Company to use “commercially reasonable efforts” to file a registration statement pursuant to Rule 415 of the Securities Act of 1933 (“Registration Statement”) for any shares of common stock that may be issued under the applicable warrant agreements, and to maintain the continuous effectiveness of such Registration Statement until the earliest of: (i) the date no shares of the Company's common stock qualify as registrable securities, (ii) the date on which all of the registrable securities may be sold in a single transaction by the holder to the public pursuant to Rule 144 or similar rule, or (iii) the date upon which the John N. Kapoor Trust Dated September 20, 1989 (the “Kapoor Trust”) and EJ Funds, LP (“EJ Funds”) have transferred all of the registrable securities.  However, the Registration Rights Agreement has been amended to explicitly state that in the event the Company, after using its good faith commercially reasonable efforts, is not able to obtain or maintain registration of the common stock, delivery of unregistered shares upon exercise of the Kapoor Warrants will be deemed acceptable and a net cash settlement will not be required. The Amended Agreement further provides that the term “commercially reasonable efforts” in such instance shall not mean an absolute obligation of the Company to obtain and maintain registration.
 
As a result of the changes effected through the Amended Agreement, on June 28, 2010 the Company changed its accounting treatment of the Kapoor Warrants, no longer classifying them as a current liability with periodic adjustments to fair value but instead classifying them as a component of shareholders' equity in accordance with ASC 815-40.   Accordingly, the fair value of the Kapoor Warrants, which was $17,946,000 on June 28, 2010, was reclassified from a current liability to a component of shareholders' equity.  Following this change in classification, no future fair value adjustments are required.
 
The liability at June 28, 2010 for the Kapoor Warrants was estimated using a Black-Scholes valuation model with the fair value per warrant ranging from $2.49 to $2.50.  For the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2010, the Company recorded non-operating expenses of $10,679,000 and $8,881,000, respectively, related to the change in fair value of these warrants through June 28, 2010.  The expenses are listed under the caption “Change in fair value of warrants liability” in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2010.
 
The expected volatility of the Kapoor Warrants was based on the historical volatility of the Company's common stock. The expected life assumption was based on the remaining life of the Kapoor Warrants. The risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the Kapoor Warrants was based on the average market rate on U.S. treasury securities in effect during the applicable quarter. The dividend yield reflected historical experience as well as future expectations over the expected term of the Kapoor Warrants.
 
The assumptions used in estimating the fair value of the warrants at June 28, 2010 were as follows:

 
June 28,
 2010
Expected Volatility
79.7%
Expected Life (in years)
   3.8 – 4.1
Risk-free interest rate
1.8%
Dividend yield
-

The following table summarizes the terms of the Kapoor Warrants:
 
 
Granted To:
 
Warrant Identification
 
Grant Date 1
Warrants
Granted
Exercise
Price
Fair Value (000's)  
June 28, 2010
           
EJ Funds
Modification Warrant
April 15, 2009
1,939,639
$     1.11
 
$  4,829
 
Kapoor Trust
Reimbursement Warrant
April 15, 2009
1,501,933
$     1.11
 
3,740
 
EJ Funds
Restatement Warrants 2
August 17,2009
1,650,806
$     1.16
 
4,127
 
Kapoor Trust
Subordinated Note Warrants 3
August 17,2009
2,099,935
$     1.16
 
    5,250
 
     
7,192,313
   
$ 17,946
 

1
The expiration date on all Kapoor Warrants is five (5) years after Grant Date.

2
Restatement Warrants refers to warrants granted to EJ Funds in connection with modification to the credit agreement originally entered into between the Company and General Electric Credit Corporation (“GE Capital”) on January 7, 2009 and subsequently assigned from GE Capital to EJ Funds on March 31, 2009 (the “Credit Agreement”) to increase the total loan commitment under the Credit Agreement from $5,650,000 to $10,000,000.
 
3
Subordinated Note Warrants refers to warrants granted to the Kapoor Trust on August 17, 2009 in connection with refinancing the subordinated note for $5,000,000 issued on July 28, 2008 (the “Subordinated Note”) to extend its term for an additional five years and increase the principal from $5,000,000 to $5,853,267 to include accrued interest through the refinancing date, August 17, 2009.