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OPERATING, SELLING AND GENERAL (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
OPERATING, SELLING AND GENERAL  
Schedule of operating, selling and general

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

($ millions)

 
2019

 
2018

 

Contract services(1)

 

4 380

 

4 552

 

Employee costs(1)

 

3 641

 

3 263

 

Materials

 
869

 
765

 

Energy

 

1 129

 

1 095

 

Equipment rentals and leases

 
345

 
360

 

Travel, marketing and other

 
880

 
538

 

 

 

11 244

 

10 573

 

 

 

 

 

(1)       

The company incurred $8.5 billion of contract services and employee costs for the year ended December 31, 2019 (2018 – $8.3 billion), of which $8.0 billion (2018 – $7.8 billion) was recorded in Operating, Selling and General expense and $0.5 billion was recorded as Property, Plant and Equipment (2018 – $0.5 billion). Employee costs include salaries, benefits and share-based compensation.