UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

☑ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

OR

☐  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

          For the transition period fromto

Commission file number: 0-50231

Federal National Mortgage Association

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Fannie Mae

Federally chartered corporation	52-0883107	1100 15th Street, NW			800	232-6643
		Washington,	DC	20005
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)	(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)			(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
None	N/A	N/A

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: 

Common Stock, without par value

8.25% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series T, stated value $25 per share

Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series S, stated value $25 per share

7.625% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series R, stated value $25 per share

6.75% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series Q, stated value $25 per share

Variable Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series P, stated value $25 per share

Variable Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series O, stated value $50 per share

5.375% Non-Cumulative Convertible Series 2004-1 Preferred Stock, stated value $100,000 per share

5.50% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series N, stated value $50 per share

4.75% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series M, stated value $50 per share

5.125% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series L, stated value $50 per share

5.375% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series I, stated value $50 per share

5.81% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series H, stated value $50 per share

Variable Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series G, stated value $50 per share

Variable Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series F, stated value $50 per share

5.10% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series E, stated value $50 per share

5.25% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series D, stated value $50 per share

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ¨      No  þ

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨        No  þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing

requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes þ     No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation

S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes þ     No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging

growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of

the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☑
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised

financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over

financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit

report. ☑

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect

the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any

of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐  No ☑

The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the closing price of the common stock quoted on the OTCQB on

June 30, 2023 (the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter) was approximately $510 million.

As of February 1, 2024, there were 1,158,087,567 shares of common stock of the registrant outstanding.

Table of Contents
		Page
PART I
Item 1.	Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	1
	About Fannie Mae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	1
	Our Mission and Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	1
	Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	2
	Business Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	2
	Competition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5
	Mortgage Securitizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5
	Human Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	6
	Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	7
	Legislation and Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	12
	Where You Can Find Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	18
	Forward-Looking Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	19
Item 1A.	Risk Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	22
	Risk Factors Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	22
	GSE and Conservatorship Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	24
	Credit Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	30
	Operational and Model Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	35
	Liquidity and Funding Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	40
	Market and Industry Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	41
	Legal and Regulatory Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	43
	General Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	44
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	45
Item 1C.	Cybersecurity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	45
Item 2.	Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	48
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	48
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	50
PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	51
Item 6.	[Reserved] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	52
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	53
	Key Market Economic Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	53
	Consolidated Results of Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	57
	Consolidated Balance Sheet Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	68
	Retained Mortgage Portfolio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	69
	Guaranty Book of Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	71
	Single-Family Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	72
	Single-Family Primary Business Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	72
	Single-Family Lenders and Investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	73
	Single-Family Competition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	73
	Single-Family Mortgage Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	74
	Single-Family Mortgage-Related Securities Issuances Share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	75
	Single-Family Business Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	75
	Single-Family Business Financial Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	77

Fannie Mae 2023 Form 10-K i

	Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	79
	Multifamily Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	100
	Multifamily Primary Business Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	100
	Multifamily Lenders and Investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	103
	Multifamily Competition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	103
	Multifamily Mortgage Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	105
	Multifamily Business Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	105
	Multifamily Business Financial Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	108
	Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	109
	Consolidated Credit Ratios and Select Credit Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	117
	Liquidity and Capital Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	118
	Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	128
	Credit Risk Management Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	131
	Mortgage Credit Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	131
	Climate and Natural Disaster Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	131
	Institutional Counterparty Credit Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	133
	Market Risk Management, including Interest-Rate Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	141
	Liquidity and Funding Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	146
	Operational Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	146
	Model Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	146
	Critical Accounting Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	147
	Impact of Future Adoption of New Accounting Guidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	150
	Glossary of Terms Used in This Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	150
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	153
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	153
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	153
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	153
Item 9B.	Other Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	158
Item 9C.	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	158
PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	158
	Directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	158
	Corporate Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	163
	Report of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	170
	Executive Officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	172
Item 11.	Executive Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	174
	Compensation Discussion and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	174
	Compensation Committee Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	192
	Compensation Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	192
	Compensation Tables and Other Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	193
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters . . . . .	201
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	202
	Policies and Procedures Relating to Transactions with Related Persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	202
	Transactions with Related Persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	204
	Director Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	205
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	207

Fannie Mae 2023 Form 10-K ii

PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	208
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	210
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		F-1

Fannie Mae 2023 Form 10-K iii

PART I

This report includes forward-looking statements based on management’s current expectations that are subject to

significant uncertainties. Future events and our results may differ materially from those reflected in our forward-looking

statements due to a variety of factors, including those discussed in “Business—Forward-Looking Statements,” “Risk

Factors” and elsewhere in this report.

You can find a “Glossary of Terms Used in This Report” in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial

Condition and Results of Operations (‘MD&A’).”

Item 1.  Business

About Fannie Mae

Fannie Mae is a leading source of financing for residential mortgages in the United States. We provided $369 billion in

liquidity to the mortgage market in 2023, which enabled the financing of approximately 1.5 million home purchases,

refinancings, and rental units.

We are a government-sponsored, stockholder-owned corporation, chartered by Congress to provide liquidity and

stability to the U.S. housing market and to promote access to mortgage credit. We primarily do this by buying residential

mortgage loans that are originated by lenders. We place these loans into trusts and issue guaranteed mortgage-backed

securities (“MBS” or “Fannie Mae MBS”) that global investors buy from us. We do not originate mortgage loans or lend

money directly to borrowers.

We support both single-family and multifamily housing. Our Single-Family business provides financing for properties

that have four or fewer residential units. Our Multifamily business provides financing for residential buildings with five or

more units. As of September 30, 2023 (the latest date for which information is available), Fannie Mae owned or

guaranteed an estimated 1 in 4 single-family mortgage loans in the United States and an estimated 21% of multifamily

mortgage debt outstanding in the United States.

We provide a guaranty on the MBS that we issue. If a borrower fails to make a payment on a mortgage loan that is

included in a Fannie Mae MBS, we pay the shortfall amount to the MBS investor. In exchange for providing this

guaranty, we receive a guaranty fee. Guaranty fees are the primary source of our revenues.

Because we assume the credit risk for mortgage loans in our MBS, our earnings are affected by the credit performance

of these loans. Credit risk management is therefore key to our business and financial results. To help manage our

mortgage credit risk exposure, and in response to capital requirements, we transfer some of our credit risk exposure to

third parties through credit risk transfer transactions and mortgage insurance. For a discussion of how we manage credit

risk, see “MD&A—Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management” and “MD&A—Multifamily

Business—Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management.”

We are in conservatorship, with the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) as our conservator. During

conservatorship, our Board has no fiduciary duties to the company or its stockholders, as they owe their fiduciary duties

of care and loyalty solely to FHFA as conservator. Conservatorship and our agreements with the U.S. Department of the

Treasury (“Treasury”) significantly restrict our business activities and stockholder rights. For more information about the

impact of conservatorship and these agreements on our business, stockholders, and our uncertain future, see

“Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements” and “Risk Factors—GSE and Conservatorship Risk.”

Our Mission and Strategy

Our mission is to facilitate equitable and sustainable access to homeownership and quality affordable rental housing

across America. We seek to accomplish our mission while managing risks to our company and the U.S. housing finance

system. Our 2023-2025 strategic plan objectives are to:

•Improve Access to Equitable and Sustainable Housing: Build on our mission-first culture to deliver positive

community outcomes that serve renters and homeowners.

•Enhance our Financial and Risk Positions: Ensure that we are financially secure, can earn investable returns,

and manage risk to the company and the housing finance system.

For information on how we help make access to housing in the United States more attainable, affordable, and stable for

low- and moderate-income borrowers and renters, see our 2022 Environmental, Social, and Governance report, which

is available on our website under “About Us—ESG,” and “Legislation and Regulation” in this report.

Business | About Fannie Mae

Fannie Mae 2023 Form 10-K 1

Executive Summary

Please read this summary together with our MD&A, our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and

the accompanying notes.

Overview of Financial Results

Summary of Key Drivers of Financial Results

2023 vs. 2022

•Net revenues decreased $687 million in 2023 compared with 2022, primarily due to lower deferred guaranty fee

income, offset by higher income from the corporate liquidity portfolio. Higher interest rates in 2023 drove both

the decline in deferred guaranty fee income due to lower refinancing activity as well as the higher income on

securities in our corporate liquidity portfolio. Net revenues consist of net interest income and fee and other

income.

•Net income increased $4.5 billion in 2023 compared with 2022, primarily driven by a $7.9 billion shift to benefit

for credit losses in 2023 from a provision for credit losses in 2022.

•Net worth increased by $17.4 billion in 2023 to $77.7 billion as of December 31, 2023.

2022 vs. 2021

•Net revenues remained relatively flat in 2022 compared with 2021, as lower deferred guaranty fee income was

offset by higher income from portfolios and higher base guaranty fee income.

•Net income decreased $9.3 billion in 2022 compared with 2021, primarily driven by a $11.4 billion shift to

provision for credit losses in 2022 from a benefit for credit losses in 2021. Also contributing to the decline in net

income was a $1.6 billion shift to investment losses in 2022 from investment gains in 2021. These decreases

were partially offset by higher fair value gains.

•Net worth increased by $12.9 billion in 2022 to $60.3 billion as of December 31, 2022.

See “MD&A—Consolidated Results of Operations” for more information on the drivers of our financial results.

Business Segments

We conduct business in the U.S. residential mortgage markets and the global securities markets. According to the

Federal Reserve, total U.S. residential mortgage debt outstanding was estimated to be approximately $16.0 trillion as of

September 30, 2023 (the latest date for which information is available). We owned or guaranteed mortgage assets

representing approximately 26% of total U.S. residential mortgage debt outstanding as of September 30, 2023.

Business | Executive Summary

Fannie Mae 2023 Form 10-K 2

We have two reportable business segments: Single-Family and Multifamily. The chart below outlines the primary

business activities and drivers of revenues and expense for each of our business segments.

Single-Family Business Segment
Primary Business Activities	Primary Drivers of Revenue1	Primary Drivers of Expense1
Mortgage securitizations: Works with lenders to acquire single-family mortgage loans and issue MBS. Credit risk management: Prices and manages the credit risk on loans in our single-family guaranty book of business, which includes establishing underwriting and servicing standards. Enters into transactions that transfer a portion of the credit risk on some of the loans in our single-family guaranty book of business to third parties. Credit loss management: Works to reduce costs of defaulted single-family loans, including through forbearance plans, home retention solutions, foreclosure alternatives, management of foreclosures and our real- estate owned (“REO”) inventory, selling nonperforming loans, and pursuing contractual remedies from lenders, servicers and providers of credit enhancement.	Net interest income: Primary source is guaranty fees—compensation we receive for assuming the credit risk on our single- family guaranty book of business. There are two components of our single-family guaranty fee: •Base fees. Ongoing fees that factor into a mortgage loan’s interest rate, which are collected each month over the life of the mortgage loan. •Upfront fees. One-time payments made by lenders upon loan delivery to us. Includes risk-based fees (referred to as “loan-level price adjustments”) that vary based on loan and borrower attributes (such as loan size, loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio, borrower credit score, etc.). These fees are amortized into net interest income over the life of the loan. Another source is net interest income earned from our corporate liquidity portfolio and retained mortgage portfolio.	Provision for credit losses: Consists of the provision for credit losses on loans in our single-family guaranty book of business. (In some periods, we may have a benefit for credit losses that contributes to net income if we reduce our single-family loss reserves.) Administrative expenses: Consists of salaries and benefits, occupancy costs, professional services, and other Single-Family business operations expenses. TCCA fees: Consists of a portion of our single-family guaranty fees that is paid to Treasury pursuant to the Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of 2011, as amended.
Multifamily Business Segment
Primary Business Activities	Primary Drivers of Revenue	Primary Drivers of Expense
Mortgage securitizations: Works with lenders, primarily through our Delegated Underwriting and Servicing, or DUS®, program, to acquire multifamily mortgage loans and issue MBS. Credit risk management: Prices and manages the credit risk on loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business, which includes establishing underwriting and servicing standards. Lenders retain a portion (typically one-third) of the credit risk in most multifamily transactions. Enters into additional transactions that transfer a portion of the credit risk on some of the loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business to third parties. Credit loss management: Works to reduce costs of defaulted multifamily loans, including through loss mitigation strategies such as forbearance and modification, management of foreclosures and our REO inventory, and pursuing contractual remedies from lenders, servicers, borrowers, sponsors, and providers of credit enhancement.	Net interest income: Primary source is guaranty fees—compensation we receive for assuming the credit risk on our multifamily guaranty book of business. For multifamily loans, base fees are the primary component of our guaranty fee. Another source is net interest income earned from our corporate liquidity portfolio and retained mortgage portfolio.	Provision for credit losses: Consists of the provision for credit losses on loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business. (In some periods, we may have a benefit for credit losses that contributes to net income if we reduce our multifamily loss reserves.) Administrative expenses: Consists of salaries and benefits, occupancy costs, professional services, and other Multifamily business operations expenses.

(1)See “MD&A—Single-Family Business—Single-Family Business Financial Results” and “MD&A—Multifamily Business—Multifamily

Business Financial Results” for a discussion of other drivers of our single-family and multifamily financial results. Fair value gains were a

significant driver of single-family financial results for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Business | Business Segments

Fannie Mae 2023 Form 10-K 3

We primarily purchase single-family conventional loans that meet conforming loan limits in the secondary mortgage

market. Conventional loans are not insured or guaranteed by a government agency (those are generally referred to as

government-guaranteed loans). See “Legislation and Regulation—Our Charter” for a description of our conforming loan

limits.

The chart below displays the unpaid principal balance (“UPB”) of our average single-family conventional guaranty book