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Allowance for Loan Losses
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Receivables [Abstract]  
Allowance for Loan Losses Allowance for Loan Losses
We maintain an allowance for loan losses for HFI loans held by Fannie Mae and by consolidated Fannie Mae MBS trusts, excluding loans for which we have elected the fair value option. When calculating our allowance for loan losses, we consider the unpaid principal balance, net of unamortized premiums and discounts, and other cost basis adjustments of HFI loans at the balance sheet date.
The following table displays changes in our single-family, multifamily and total allowance for loan losses.
 
 
For the Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
Single-family allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 
$
(13,969
)
 
$
(18,849
)
 
$
(23,283
)
Benefit (provision) for loan losses(1)
 
3,988

 
2,990

 
1,994

Charge-offs
 
1,299

 
2,148

 
2,795

Recoveries
 
(71
)
 
(240
)
 
(326
)
Other
 
(6
)
 
(18
)
 
(29
)
Ending balance
 
$
(8,759
)
 
$
(13,969
)
 
$
(18,849
)
Multifamily allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 
$
(234
)
 
$
(235
)
 
$
(182
)
Benefit (provision) for loan losses(1)
 
(27
)
 
(3
)
 
(53
)
Charge-offs
 
8

 
4

 
3

Recoveries
 
(4
)
 
—

 
(3
)
Ending balance
 
$
(257
)
 
$
(234
)
 
$
(235
)
Total allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 
$
(14,203
)
 
$
(19,084
)
 
$
(23,465
)
Benefit (provision) for loan losses(1)
 
3,961

 
2,987

 
1,941

Charge-offs
 
1,307

 
2,152

 
2,798

Recoveries
 
(75
)
 
(240
)
 
(329
)
Other
 
(6
)
 
(18
)
 
(29
)
Ending balance
 
$
(9,016
)
 
$
(14,203
)
 
$
(19,084
)

(1) 
Benefit (provision) for loan losses is included in “Benefit for credit losses” in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
The following table displays the allowance for loan losses and recorded investment in our HFI loans by impairment or allowance methodology and portfolio segment, excluding loans for which we have elected the fair value option.
 
 
As of December 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
Single-Family
 
Multifamily
 
Total
 
Single-Family
 
Multifamily
 
Total
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
Allowance for loan losses by segment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually impaired loans
 
$
(8,175
)
 
 
$
(45
)
 
 
$
(8,220
)
 
$
(13,255
)
 
 
$
(40
)
 
 
$
(13,295
)
Collectively reserved loans
 
(584
)
 
 
(212
)
 
 
(796
)
 
(714
)
 
 
(194
)
 
 
(908
)
Total allowance for loan losses
 
$
(8,759
)
 
 
$
(257
)
 
 
$
(9,016
)
 
$
(13,969
)
 
 
$
(234
)
 
 
$
(14,203
)
Recorded investment in loans by segment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually impaired loans
 
$
97,196

 
 
$
680

 
 
$
97,876

 
$
117,561

 
 
$
542

 
 
$
118,103

Collectively reserved loans
 
2,909,115

 
 
329,938

 
 
3,239,053

 
2,841,943

 
 
295,122

 
 
3,137,065

Total recorded investment in loans
 
$
3,006,311

 
 
$
330,618

 
 
$
3,336,929

 
$
2,959,504

 
 
$
295,664

 
 
$
3,255,168