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Netting Arrangements
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Offsetting [Abstract]  
Netting Arrangements Netting Arrangements
We use master netting arrangements, which allow us to offset certain financial instruments and collateral with the same counterparty, to minimize counterparty credit exposure. The tables below display information related to derivatives, securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements, and securities sold under agreements to repurchase or similar arrangements, which are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement that are either offset or not offset in our consolidated balance sheets.
 
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Amount Offset(1)
 
Net Amount Presented in our Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
Amounts Not Offset in our Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
 
 
 
Gross Amount
 
 
 
Financial Instruments(2)
 
Collateral(3)
 
Net Amount
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC risk management derivatives
 
$
2,288

 
 
$
(2,273
)
 
 
$
15

 
 
 
$
—

 
 
$
—

 
$
15

Cleared risk management derivatives
 
—

 
 
7

 
 
7

 
 
 
—

 
 
—

 
7

Mortgage commitment derivatives
 
379

 
 
—

 
 
379

 
 
 
(153
)
 
 
(7
)
 
219

Total derivative assets
 
2,667

 
 
(2,266
)
 
 
401

(4 
) 
 
 
(153
)
 
 
(7
)
 
241

Securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements(5)
 
48,288

 
 
—

 
 
48,288

 
 
 
—

 
 
(48,288
)
 
—

Total assets
 
$
50,955

 
 
$
(2,266
)
 
 
$
48,689

 
 
 
$
(153
)
 
 
$
(48,295
)
 
$
241

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC risk management derivatives
 
$
(2,433
)
 
 
$
2,342

 
 
$
(91
)
 
 
 
$
—

 
 
$
—

 
$
(91
)
Cleared risk management derivatives
 
—

 
 
(27
)
 
 
(27
)
 
 
 
—

 
 
23

 
(4
)
Mortgage commitment derivatives
 
(648
)
 
 
—

 
 
(648
)
 
 
 
153

 
 
466

 
(29
)
Total derivative liabilities
 
(3,081
)
 
 
2,315

 
 
(766
)
(4 
) 
 
 
153

 
 
489

 
(124
)
Total liabilities
 
$
(3,081
)
 
 
$
2,315

 
 
$
(766
)
 
 
 
$
153

 
 
$
489

 
$
(124
)
 
 
As of December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Amount Offset(1)
 
Net Amount Presented in our Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
Amounts Not Offset in our Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
 
 
 
Gross Amount
 
 
 
Financial Instruments(2)
 
Collateral(3)
 
Net Amount
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC risk management derivatives
 
$
2,479

 
 
$
(2,464
)
 
 
$
15

 
 
 
$
—

 
 
$
—

 
$
15

Cleared risk management derivatives
 
1,811

 
 
(1,808
)
 
 
3

 
 
 
—

 
 
—

 
3

Mortgage commitment derivatives
 
132

 
 
—

 
 
132

 
 
 
(117
)
 
 
(1
)
 
14

Total derivative assets
 
4,422

 
 
(4,272
)
 
 
150

(4 
) 
 
 
(117
)
 
 
(1
)
 
32

Securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements(5)
 
44,670

 
 
—

 
 
44,670

 
 
 
—

 
 
(44,670
)
 
—

Total assets
 
$
49,092

 
 
$
(4,272
)
 
 
$
44,820

 
 
 
$
(117
)
 
 
$
(44,671
)
 
$
32

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC risk management derivatives
 
$
(3,045
)
 
 
$
2,957

 
 
$
(88
)
 
 
 
$
—

 
 
$
—

 
$
(88
)
Cleared risk management derivatives
 
(2,033
)
 
 
2,022

 
 
(11
)
 
 
 
—

 
 
11

 
—

Mortgage commitment derivatives
 
(228
)
 
 
—

 
 
(228
)
 
 
 
117

 
 
93

 
(18
)
Total derivative liabilities
 
(5,306
)
 
 
4,979

 
 
(327
)
(4 
) 
 
 
117

 
 
104

 
(106
)
Total liabilities
 
$
(5,306
)
 
 
$
4,979

 
 
$
(327
)
 
 
 
$
117

 
 
$
104

 
$
(106
)
(1) 
Represents the effect of the right to offset under legally enforceable master netting arrangements to settle with the same counterparty on a net basis, including cash collateral posted and received and accrued interest.
(2) 
Mortgage commitment derivative amounts reflect where we have recognized both an asset and a liability with the same counterparty under an enforceable master netting arrangement but we have not elected to offset the related amounts in our consolidated balance sheets.
(3) 
Represents collateral received that has not been recognized and not offset in our consolidated balance sheets as well as collateral posted which has been recognized but not offset in our consolidated balance sheets. Does not include collateral held or posted in excess of our exposure. The fair value of non-cash collateral we pledged was $1.9 billion and $747 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which the counterparty was permitted to sell or repledge. The fair value of non-cash collateral received was $48.4 billion and $44.7 billion, of which $45.7 billion and $42.5 billion could be sold or repledged as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. None of the underlying collateral was sold or repledged as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
(4) 
Excludes derivative assets of $57 million and $21 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and derivative liabilities of $11 million and $1 million recognized in our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, that are not subject to enforceable master netting arrangements.
(5) 
Includes $15.4 billion and $25.2 billion of securities purchased under agreements to resell classified as “Cash and cash equivalents” in our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Derivative instruments are recorded at fair value and securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements are recorded at amortized cost in our consolidated balance sheets.
We determine our rights to offset the assets and liabilities presented above with the same counterparty, including collateral posted or received, based on the contractual arrangements entered into with our individual counterparties and various rules and regulations that would govern the insolvency of a derivative counterparty. The following is a description, under various agreements, of the nature of those rights and their effect or potential effect on our financial position.
The terms of the majority of our contracts for OTC risk management derivatives are governed under master agreements of the International Swaps and Derivatives Association Inc. (“ISDA”). These agreements provide that all transactions entered into under the agreement with the counterparty constitute a single contractual relationship. An event of default by the counterparty allows the early termination of all outstanding transactions under the same ISDA agreement and we may offset all outstanding amounts related to the terminated transactions including collateral posted or received.
The terms of our contracts for cleared derivatives are governed under the rules of the clearing organization and the agreement between us and the clearing member of that clearing organization. In the event of a clearing organization default, all open positions at the clearing organization are closed and a net position (on a clearing member by clearing member basis) is calculated. Unless otherwise transferred, in the event of a clearing member default, all open positions cleared through that clearing member are closed and a net position is calculated.
The terms of our contracts for mortgage commitment derivatives are primarily governed by the Fannie Mae Single-Family Selling Guide (“Guide”), for Fannie Mae-approved lenders, or Master Securities Forward Transaction Agreements (“MSFTA”), for counterparties that are not Fannie Mae-approved lenders. In the event of default by the counterparty, both the Guide and the MSFTA allow us to terminate all outstanding transactions under the applicable agreement and offset all outstanding amounts related to the terminated transactions including collateral posted or received. Under the Guide, upon a lender event of default, we generally may offset any amounts owed to a lender against any amounts a lender may owe us under any other existing agreement, regardless of whether or not such other agreements are in default or payments are immediately due.
The terms of our contracts for securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase are governed by Master Repurchase Agreements, which are based on the guidelines prescribed by the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association. Master Repurchase Agreements provide that all transactions under the agreement constitute a single contractual relationship. An event of default by the counterparty allows the early termination of all outstanding transactions under the same agreement and we may offset all outstanding amounts related to the terminated transactions including collateral posted or received.
We also have securities purchased under agreements to resell which we transact through the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation (“FICC”). Under the rules of the FICC, all agreements for securities purchased under agreements to resell that are submitted to the FICC for clearing become transactions with the FICC that are subject to FICC clearing rules. In the event of a FICC default, all open positions at the FICC are closed and a net position is calculated.