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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Measurement [Domain]    
Financial assets [Abstract]    
Netting adjustment $ (2,266) $ (4,272)
Financial liabilities [Abstract]    
Netting adjustment (2,315) (4,979)
Mortgage loans held for investment, at fair value 8,922 10,596
Netting adjustment (2,266) (4,272)
Netting adjustment (2,315) (4,979)
Fannie Mae [Member]    
Financial liabilities [Abstract]    
Long-term debt 6,826 8,186
Consolidated Trusts [Member]    
Financial liabilities [Abstract]    
Long-term debt 23,753 30,493
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member]    
Financial assets [Abstract]    
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash 34,073 35,060
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements 0 0
Trading securities 35,502 29,222
Available-for-sale securities 0 0
Mortgage loans held for sale 0 0
Mortgage loans held for investment, at fair value 0 0
Advances to lenders 0 0
Derivative assets at fair value 0 0
Guaranty assets and buy-ups 0 0
Total assets at fair value 69,575 64,282
Financial liabilities [Abstract]    
Derivatives liabilities at fair value 0 0
Guaranty obligations 0 0
Total financial liabilities 0 0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Fannie Mae [Member]    
Financial liabilities [Abstract]    
Short-term debt 0 0
Long-term debt 0 0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Consolidated Trusts [Member]    
Financial liabilities [Abstract]    
Short-term debt 0 0
Long-term debt 0 0
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member]    
Financial assets [Abstract]    
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash 15,350 25,200
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements 32,938 19,470
Trading securities 6,332 4,256
Available-for-sale securities 2,477 3,530
Mortgage loans held for sale 238 101
Mortgage loans held for investment, at fair value 2,990,104 2,886,470
Advances to lenders 3,354 4,936
Derivative assets at fair value 2,515 4,274
Guaranty assets and buy-ups 0 0
Total assets at fair value 3,053,308 2,948,237
Financial liabilities [Abstract]    
Derivatives liabilities at fair value 3,077 5,272
Guaranty obligations 0 0
Total financial liabilities 3,303,620 3,302,681
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Fannie Mae [Member]    
Financial liabilities [Abstract]    
Short-term debt 24,901 33,379
Long-term debt 211,403 249,780
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Consolidated Trusts [Member]    
Financial liabilities [Abstract]    
Short-term debt 0 0
Long-term debt 3,064,239 3,014,250
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member]    
Financial assets [Abstract]    
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash 0 0
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements 0 0
Trading securities 33 1,201
Available-for-sale securities 952 1,313
Mortgage loans held for sale 7,856 5,333
Mortgage loans held for investment, at fair value 216,404 315,719
Advances to lenders 2 2
Derivative assets at fair value 209 169
Guaranty assets and buy-ups 356 436
Total assets at fair value 225,812 324,173
Financial liabilities [Abstract]    
Derivatives liabilities at fair value 15 35
Guaranty obligations 121 456
Total financial liabilities 39,950 42,389
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Fannie Mae [Member]    
Financial liabilities [Abstract]    
Short-term debt 0 0
Long-term debt 771 837
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Consolidated Trusts [Member]    
Financial liabilities [Abstract]    
Short-term debt 0 378
Long-term debt 39,043 40,683
Carrying Value [Member]    
Financial assets [Abstract]    
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash 49,423 60,260
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements 32,938 19,470
Trading securities 41,867 34,679
Available-for-sale securities 3,429 4,843
Mortgage loans held for sale 7,701 4,988
Mortgage loans held for investment, at fair value 3,241,694 3,173,537
Advances to lenders 3,356 4,938
Derivative assets at fair value 458 171
Guaranty assets and buy-ups 147 149
Total assets at fair value 3,381,013 3,303,035
Financial liabilities [Abstract]    
Derivatives liabilities at fair value 777 328
Guaranty obligations 160 258
Total financial liabilities 3,392,857 3,330,640
Carrying Value [Member] | Fannie Mae [Member]    
Financial liabilities [Abstract]    
Short-term debt 24,896 33,377
Long-term debt 207,178 243,375
Carrying Value [Member] | Consolidated Trusts [Member]    
Financial liabilities [Abstract]    
Short-term debt 0 379
Long-term debt 3,159,846 3,052,923
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member]    
Financial assets [Abstract]    
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash 49,423 60,260
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements 32,938 19,470
Trading securities 41,867 34,679
Available-for-sale securities 3,429 4,843
Mortgage loans held for sale 8,094 5,434
Mortgage loans held for investment, at fair value 3,206,508 3,202,189
Advances to lenders 3,356 4,938
Derivative assets at fair value 458 171
Guaranty assets and buy-ups 356 436
Total assets at fair value 3,346,429 3,332,420
Financial liabilities [Abstract]    
Derivatives liabilities at fair value 777 328
Guaranty obligations 121 456
Total financial liabilities 3,341,255 3,340,091
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Fannie Mae [Member]    
Financial liabilities [Abstract]    
Short-term debt 24,901 33,379
Long-term debt 212,174 250,617
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Consolidated Trusts [Member]    
Financial liabilities [Abstract]    
Short-term debt 0 378
Long-term debt $ 3,103,282 $ 3,054,933