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Allowance for Loan Losses and Reserve for Guaranty Losses (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2012
Loans and Leases Receivable, Allowance [Abstract]  
Allowance for Loan Losses Roll Forward by Segment [Table Text Block]
The following table displays changes in single-family, multifamily and total allowance for loan losses for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.

For the Year Ended December 31,

2012
 
2011
 
2010

Of Fannie Mae
 
Of Consolidated Trusts
 
Total
 
Of Fannie Mae
 
Of Consolidated Trusts
 
Total
 
Of Fannie Mae
 
Of Consolidated Trusts
 
Total

(Dollars in millions)
Single-family allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance, January 1
$
56,294

 
 
$
14,339

 
 
$
70,633

 
$
47,377

 
 
$
12,603

 
 
$
59,980

 
$
6,721

 
 
$
1,749

 
 
$
8,470

Adoption of consolidation accounting guidance(1)
—

 
 
—

 
 
—

 
—

 
 
—

 
 
—

 
—

 
 
43,170

 
 
43,170

(Benefit) provision for loan losses(2)
(1,482
)
 
 
465

 
 
(1,017
)
 
13,940

 
 
11,683

 
 
25,623

 
12,923

 
 
11,592

 
 
24,515

Charge-offs(3)(4)
(14,055
)
 
 
(823
)
 
 
(14,878
)
 
(19,026
)
 
 
(1,772
)
 
 
(20,798
)
 
(15,438
)
 
 
(7,026
)
 
 
(22,464
)
Recoveries  
1,632

 
 
152

 
 
1,784

 
3,636

 
 
1,636

 
 
5,272

 
1,913

 
 
1,164

 
 
3,077

Transfers(5)
6,437

 
 
(6,437
)
 
 
—

 
9,901

 
 
(9,901
)
 
 
—

 
44,599

 
 
(44,599
)
 
 
—

Other(6)
1,022

 
 
143

 
 
1,165

 
466

 
 
90

 
 
556

 
(3,341
)
 
 
6,553

 
 
3,212

Ending balance 
$
49,848

 
 
$
7,839

 
 
$
57,687

 
$
56,294

 
 
$
14,339

 
 
$
70,633

 
$
47,377

 
 
$
12,603

 
 
$
59,980

Multifamily allowance for loan losses: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance, January 1
$
1,015

 
 
$
508

 
 
$
1,523

 
$
1,153

 
 
$
423

 
 
$
1,576

 
$
1,357

 
 
$
98

 
 
$
1,455

Adoption of consolidation accounting guidance(1)
—

 
 
—

 
 
—

 
—

 
 
—

 
 
—

 
—

 
 
406

 
 
406

(Benefit) provision for loan losses(2)
(131
)
 
 
(43
)
 
 
(174
)
 
140

 
 
151

 
 
291

 
144

 
 
43

 
 
187

Charge-offs(3)(4)
(261
)
 
 
—

 
 
(261
)
 
(372
)
 
 
—

 
 
(372
)
 
(414
)
 
 
—

 
 
(414
)
Transfers(5)
29

 
 
(29
)
 
 
—

 
79

 
 
(79
)
 
 
—

 
115

 
 
(115
)
 
 
—

Other(6)
19

 
 
1

 
 
20

 
15

 
 
13

 
 
28

 
(49
)
 
 
(9
)
 
 
(58
)
Ending balance 
$
671

 
 
$
437

 
 
$
1,108

 
$
1,015

 
 
$
508

 
 
$
1,523

 
$
1,153

 
 
$
423

 
 
$
1,576

Total allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance, January 1
$
57,309

 
 
$
14,847

 
 
$
72,156

 
$
48,530

 
 
$
13,026

 
 
$
61,556

 
$
8,078

 
 
$
1,847

 
 
$
9,925

Adoption of consolidation accounting guidance(1)
—

 
 
—

 
 
—

 
—

 
 
—

 
 
—

 
—

 
 
43,576

 
 
43,576

(Benefit) provision for loan losses(2)
(1,613
)
 
 
422

 
 
(1,191
)
 
14,080

 
 
11,834

 
 
25,914

 
13,067

 
 
11,635

 
 
24,702

Charge-offs(3)(4)
(14,316
)
 
 
(823
)
 
 
(15,139
)
 
(19,398
)
 
 
(1,772
)
 
 
(21,170
)
 
(15,852
)
 
 
(7,026
)
 
 
(22,878
)
Recoveries  
1,632

 
 
152

 
 
1,784

 
3,636

 
 
1,636

 
 
5,272

 
1,913

 
 
1,164

 
 
3,077

Transfers(5)
6,466

 
 
(6,466
)
 
 
—

 
9,980

 
 
(9,980
)
 
 
—

 
44,714

 
 
(44,714
)
 
 
—

Other(6)
1,041

 
 
144

 
 
1,185

 
481

 
 
103

 
 
584

 
(3,390
)
 
 
6,544

 
 
3,154

Ending balance
$
50,519

 
 
$
8,276

 
 
$
58,795

 
$
57,309

 
 
$
14,847

 
 
$
72,156

 
$
48,530

 
 
$
13,026

 
 
$
61,556


__________
(1) 
Upon recognition of the mortgage loans held by newly consolidated trusts and the associated accrued interest receivable at the transition date of our adoption of the consolidation accounting guidance on January 1, 2010, we increased our “Allowance for loan losses” by $43.6 billion, increased our “Allowance for accrued interest receivable” by $7.0 billion and decreased our “Reserve for guaranty losses” by $54.1 billion. The net decrease of $3.5 billion reflects the difference in the methodology used to estimate incurred losses for our allowance for loan losses and accrued interest receivable versus our reserve for guaranty losses.
(2) 
(Benefit) provision for loan losses is included in benefit (provision) for credit losses in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
(3) 
While we purchase the substantial majority of loans that are four or more months delinquent from our MBS trusts, we do not exercise this option to purchase loans during a forbearance period. Charge-offs of consolidated trusts generally represent loans that remained in our consolidated trusts at the time of default.
(4) 
Total charge-offs include accrued interest of $872 million, $1.4 billion and $2.4 billion for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Single-family charge-offs include accrued interest of $843 million, $1.4 billion and $2.3 billion for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Multifamily charge-offs include accrued interest of $29 million, $46 million and $64 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
(5) 
Includes transfers from trusts for delinquent loan purchases.
(6) 
Amounts represent the net activity recorded in our allowances for accrued interest receivable and preforeclosure property taxes and insurance receivable from borrowers. The (benefit) provision for credit losses, charge-offs, recoveries and transfer activity included in this table reflects all changes for both the allowance for loan losses and the valuation allowances for accrued interest and preforeclosure property taxes and insurance receivable that relate to the mortgage loans.
Allowance for Loan Losses and Total Recorded Investment in HFI Loans [Table Text Block]
The following table displays the allowance for loan losses and total recorded investment in our HFI loans, excluding loans for which we have elected the fair value option, by impairment or reserve methodology and portfolio segment as of December 31, 2012 and 2011.

As of December 31,
  
2012
 
2011

Single-Family
 
Multifamily
 
Total
 
Single-Family
 
Multifamily
 
Total
  
(Dollars in millions)
Allowance for loan losses by segment: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually impaired loans(1)
$
44,545

 
 
$
489

 
 
$
45,034

 
$
46,139

 
 
$
718

 
 
$
46,857

Collectively reserved loans 
13,142

 
 
619

 
 
13,761

 
24,494

 
 
805

 
 
25,299

Total allowance for loan losses 
$
57,687

 
 
$
1,108

 
 
$
58,795

 
$
70,633

 
 
$
1,523

 
 
$
72,156

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Recorded investment in loans by segment:(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually impaired loans(1)
$
195,852

 
 
$
4,539

 
 
$
200,391

 
$
165,214

 
 
$
4,626

 
 
$
169,840

Collectively reserved loans 
2,620,568

 
 
186,512

 
 
2,807,080

 
2,634,456

 
 
174,595

 
 
2,809,051

Total recorded investment in loans 
$
2,816,420

 
 
$
191,051

 
 
$
3,007,471

 
$
2,799,670

 
 
$
179,221

 
 
$
2,978,891

__________
(1) 
Includes acquired credit-impaired loans.
(2) 
Recorded investment consists of unpaid principal balance, unamortized premiums, discounts and other cost basis adjustments, and accrued interest receivable
Reserve for Guaranty Losses [Table Text Block]
The following table displays changes in the reserve for guaranty losses for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010.
 
For the Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2012
 
 
 
2011
 
 
2010
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
Reserve for guaranty losses:
 

 
 
 

 
 

Beginning balance, January 1
 
$
994

 
 
 
$
323

 
 
$
54,430

Adoption of consolidation accounting guidance
 
—

 
 
 
—

 
 
(54,103
)
Provision for guaranty losses
 
339

 
 
 
804

 
 
194

Charge-offs
 
(174
)
 
 
 
(138
)
 
 
(203
)
Recoveries
 
72

 
 
 
5

 
 
5

Ending balance, December 31
 
$
1,231

 
 
 
$
994

 
 
$
323