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Segment Reporting (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2012
Sep. 30, 2012
Jun. 30, 2012
Mar. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2011
Sep. 30, 2011
Jun. 30, 2011
Mar. 31, 2011
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2011
Dec. 31, 2010
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]                      
Net interest (loss) income $ 5,559 $ 5,317 $ 5,428 $ 5,197 $ 4,163 $ 5,186 $ 4,972 $ 4,960 $ 21,501 $ 19,281 $ 16,409
Benefit (provision) for credit losses 1,890 [1] (2,079) [1] 3,041 [1] (2,000) [1] (5,476) (4,151) (6,537) (10,554) 852 (26,718) (24,896)
Net interest income (loss) after benefit (provision) for credit losses 7,449 3,238 8,469 3,197 (1,313) 1,035 (1,565) (5,594) 22,353 (7,437) (8,487)
Guaranty fee income (expense)                 212 [2] 227 [2] 202 [2]
Investment gains (losses), net 106 134 131 116 187 73 171 75 487 506 346
Net other-than-temporary impairments (12) (38) (599) (64) 54 (262) (56) (44) (713) (308) (722) [3]
Fair value (losses) gains, net 209 (1,020) (2,449) 283 (751) (4,525) (1,634) 289 (2,977) (6,621) (511)
Debt extinguishment (losses) gains, net (63) (54) (93) (34) (83) (119) (43) 13 (244) (232) (568)
Gains (losses) from partnership investments                 119 [4] 81 [4] (74) [4]
Fee and other income (expense)                 1,275 936 882
Administrative expenses (648) (588) (567) (564) (605) (591) (569) (605) (2,367) (2,370) (2,597)
Foreclosed property income (expense) 475 48 70 (339) (37) (733) 478 (488) 254 (780) (1,718)
Other (expenses) income                 (1,179) (947) (853)
Income (loss) before federal income taxes         (2,406) (5,085) (2,985) (6,469) 17,220 (16,945) (14,100)
(Provision) benefit for federal income taxes         (1) 0 93 (2) 0 90 82
Net income (loss) 7,570 1,813 5,119 2,718 (2,407) [5] (5,085) (2,892) (6,471) 17,220 (16,855) (14,018)
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest 0 8 (5) 1 1 0 (1) 0 4 0 4
Net income (loss) attributable to Fannie Mae 7,570 1,821 5,114 2,719 (2,406) (5,085) (2,893) (6,471) 17,224 (16,855) (14,014)
Single-Family [Member]
                     
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]                      
Net interest (loss) income                 (790) (2,411) (5,386)
Benefit (provision) for credit losses                 672 (26,453) (24,740)
Net interest income (loss) after benefit (provision) for credit losses                 (118) (28,864) (30,126)
Guaranty fee income (expense)                 8,151 7,507 7,206
Investment gains (losses), net                 8 (2) 9
Net other-than-temporary impairments                 0 0 0
Fair value (losses) gains, net                 (8) (7) 0
Debt extinguishment (losses) gains, net                 0 0 0
Gains (losses) from partnership investments                 0 0 0
Fee and other income (expense)                 759 579 306
Administrative expenses                 (1,590) (1,638) (1,628)
Foreclosed property income (expense)                 247 (765) (1,680)
Other (expenses) income                 (1,079) (857) (836)
Income (loss) before federal income taxes                 6,370 (24,047) (26,749)
(Provision) benefit for federal income taxes                 (80) 106 69
Net income (loss)                 6,290   (26,680)
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest                 0   0
Net income (loss) attributable to Fannie Mae                 6,290 (23,941) (26,680)
Multifamily [Member]
                     
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]                      
Net interest (loss) income                 (13) (38) 3
Benefit (provision) for credit losses                 180 (265) (156)
Net interest income (loss) after benefit (provision) for credit losses                 167 (303) (153)
Guaranty fee income (expense)                 1,040 884 791
Investment gains (losses), net                 37 18 6
Net other-than-temporary impairments                 0 0 0
Fair value (losses) gains, net                 0 0 0
Debt extinguishment (losses) gains, net                 0 0 0
Gains (losses) from partnership investments                 123 81 (70)
Fee and other income (expense)                 207 218 146
Administrative expenses                 (269) (264) (384)
Foreclosed property income (expense)                 7 (15) (38)
Other (expenses) income                 (5) 25 (68)
Income (loss) before federal income taxes                 1,307 644 230
(Provision) benefit for federal income taxes                 204 (61) (14)
Net income (loss)                 1,511   216
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest                 0   0
Net income (loss) attributable to Fannie Mae                 1,511 583 216
Capital Markets [Member]
                     
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]                      
Net interest (loss) income                 13,241 13,920 14,321
Benefit (provision) for credit losses                 0 0 0
Net interest income (loss) after benefit (provision) for credit losses                 13,241 13,920 14,321
Guaranty fee income (expense)                 (1,291) (1,497) (1,440)
Investment gains (losses), net                 6,217 3,711 4,047
Net other-than-temporary impairments                 (711) (306) (720)
Fair value (losses) gains, net                 (3,041) (6,596) 239
Debt extinguishment (losses) gains, net                 (277) (254) (459)
Gains (losses) from partnership investments                 0 0 0
Fee and other income (expense)                 717 478 519
Administrative expenses                 (508) (468) (585)
Foreclosed property income (expense)                 0 0 0
Other (expenses) income                 (22) (34) 125
Income (loss) before federal income taxes                 14,325 8,954 16,047
(Provision) benefit for federal income taxes                 (124) 45 27
Net income (loss)                 14,201   16,074
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest                 0   0
Net income (loss) attributable to Fannie Mae                 14,201 8,999 16,074
Consolidated Trusts [Member]
                     
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]                      
Net interest (loss) income                 7,156 [6] 5,765 [6] 5,073 [6]
Benefit (provision) for credit losses                 0 [6] 0 [6] 0 [6]
Net interest income (loss) after benefit (provision) for credit losses                 7,156 [6] 5,765 [6] 5,073 [6]
Guaranty fee income (expense)                 (4,737) [2],[6] (4,486) [2],[6] (4,525) [2],[6]
Investment gains (losses), net                 (1) [6] (315) [6] (418) [6]
Net other-than-temporary impairments                 (2) [6] (2) [6] (2) [6]
Fair value (losses) gains, net                 (313) [6] (226) [6] (155) [6]
Debt extinguishment (losses) gains, net                 33 [6] 22 [6] (109) [6]
Gains (losses) from partnership investments                 0 [6] 0 [6] 0 [6]
Fee and other income (expense)                 (395) [6] (329) [6] (88) [6]
Administrative expenses                 0 [6] 0 [6] 0 [6]
Foreclosed property income (expense)                 0 [6] 0 [6] 0 [6]
Other (expenses) income                 0 [6] 0 [6] 0 [6]
Income (loss) before federal income taxes                 1,741 [6] 429 [6] (224) [6]
(Provision) benefit for federal income taxes                 0 [6] 0 [6] 0 [6]
Net income (loss)                 1,741 [6]   (224) [6]
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest                 0 [6]   0 [6]
Net income (loss) attributable to Fannie Mae                 1,741 [6] 429 [6] (224) [6]
Eliminations/Adjustments [Member]
                     
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]                      
Net interest (loss) income                 1,907 [7],[8] 2,045 [7],[8] 2,398 [7],[8]
Benefit (provision) for credit losses                 0 [7] 0 [7] 0 [7]
Net interest income (loss) after benefit (provision) for credit losses                 1,907 [7] 2,045 [7] 2,398 [7]
Guaranty fee income (expense)                 (2,951) [2],[7] (2,181) [2],[7] (1,830) [2],[7]
Investment gains (losses), net                 (5,774) [7],[9] (2,906) [7],[9] (3,298) [7],[9]
Net other-than-temporary impairments                 0 [7] 0 [7] 0 [7]
Fair value (losses) gains, net                 385 [10],[7] 208 [10],[7] (595) [10],[7]
Debt extinguishment (losses) gains, net                 0 [7] 0 [7] 0 [7]
Gains (losses) from partnership investments                 (4) [7] 0 [7] (4) [7]
Fee and other income (expense)                 (13) [7] (10) [7] (1) [7]
Administrative expenses                 0 [7] 0 [7] 0 [7]
Foreclosed property income (expense)                 0 [7] 0 [7] 0 [7]
Other (expenses) income                 (73) [7] (81) [7] (74) [7]
Income (loss) before federal income taxes                 (6,523) [7] (2,925) [7] (3,404) [7]
(Provision) benefit for federal income taxes                 0 [7] 0 [7] 0 [7]
Net income (loss)                 (6,523) [7]   (3,404) [7]
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest                 4 [11],[7]   4 [11],[7]
Net income (loss) attributable to Fannie Mae                 $ (6,519) [7] $ (2,925) [7] $ (3,400) [7]
[1] Includes out-of-period adjustments of $548 million, $503 million, $850 million, and $172 million which increased our provision for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2012, June 30, 2012, September 30, 2012, and December 31, 2012, respectively.
[2] Represents the guaranty fees paid from consolidated trusts to the Single-Family and Multifamily segments. The adjustment to guaranty fee income in the Eliminations/Adjustments column represents the elimination of the amortization of deferred cash fees related to consolidated trusts that were re-established for segment reporting. Total guaranty fee income is included in fee and other income in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
[3] Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.
[4] Gains (losses) from partnership investments are included in other expenses in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
[5] Includes an out-of-period adjustment of $933 million comprised of $1.2 billion to reduce “Interest Income: Available-for-sale securities” offset by a $264 million reduction to “Other-than-temporary impairments” in our consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended December 31, 2011.
[6] Represents activity related to the assets and liabilities of consolidated trusts in our consolidated balance sheets.
[7] Represents the elimination of intercompany transactions occurring between the three business segments and our consolidated trusts, as well as other adjustments to reconcile to our consolidated results.
[8] Represents the amortization expense of cost basis adjustments on securities that we own in our portfolio that on a GAAP basis are eliminated.
[9] Primarily represents the removal of realized gains and losses on sales of Fannie Mae MBS classified as available-for-sale securities that are issued by consolidated trusts and retained in the Capital Markets portfolio. The adjustment also includes the removal of securitization gains (losses) recognized in the Capital Markets segment relating to portfolio securitization transactions that do not qualify for sale accounting under GAAP.
[10] Represents the removal of fair value adjustments on consolidated Fannie Mae MBS classified as trading that are retained in the Capital Markets portfolio.
[11] Represents the adjustment from equity method accounting to consolidation accounting for partnership investments that are consolidated in our consolidated balance sheets.