Revenue (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

The following table disaggregates revenue by primary geographical market and source:



	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018		September 30, 2018
Primary geographical markets
United States	$	375,938	$	1,121,518
Canada	19,738		56,156
International	4,874		14,442
Total revenue	$	400,550	$	1,192,116

Sources of revenue
Sales at Company-operated restaurants	$	165,323	$	486,316
Franchise royalty revenue	95,501		283,602
Franchise fees	7,711		25,077
Franchise rental income	50,474		152,110
Advertising funds revenue	81,541		245,011
Total revenue	$	400,550	$	1,192,116

Contract balances, assets and liabilities

The following table provides information about receivables and contract liabilities (deferred franchise fees) from contracts with customers:



	September 30, 2018 (a)
Receivables, which are included in “Accounts and notes receivable, net” (b)	$	39,281
Receivables, which are included in “Advertising funds restricted assets”	42,226
Deferred franchise fees (c)	103,012

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(a)	Excludes funds collected from the sale of gift cards, which are primarily reimbursed to franchisees upon redemption at franchised restaurants and do not ultimately result in the recognition of revenue in the Company’s statement of operations.


(b)	Includes receivables related to “Sales” and “Franchise royalty revenue and fees.”


(c)	Deferred franchise fees of $10,490 and $92,522 are included in “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” and “Deferred franchise fees,” respectively.

Deferred franchise fee rollforward

Significant changes in deferred franchise fees are as follows:



	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018
Deferred franchise fees at beginning of period	$	102,492
Revenue recognized during the period	(7,393		)
New deferrals due to cash received and other	7,913
Deferred franchise fees at end of period	$	103,012

Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction

The following table reflects the estimated franchise fees to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied at the end of the period:



Estimate for fiscal year:
2018 (a)	$	2,445
2019	7,774
2020	6,282
2021	5,749
2022	5,559
Thereafter	75,203
	$	103,012

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(a)	Represents franchise fees expected to be recognized for the remainder of the 2018 fiscal year, which includes development-related franchise fees expected to be recognized over a duration of one year or less.