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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and October 1, 2017 was 21.6% and 54.8% respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate varies from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% and 35% in the third quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively, primarily due to (1) net excess tax benefits related to share-based payments, which resulted in a benefit of $5,251 in the third quarter of 2018, (2) the impact of the comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), (3) the system optimization initiative provision of $5,019 in 2017, reflecting goodwill adjustments, changes to valuation allowances on state net operating loss carryforwards and state deferred taxes, and (4) state income tax provision in 2017, including non-recurring changes to state deferred taxes net of federal benefits.

The Company’s effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and October 1, 2017 was 20.6% and 45.2%, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate varies from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% and 35% for the first nine months of 2018 and 2017, respectively, primarily due to (1) net excess tax benefits related to share-based payments, which resulted in a benefit of $12,142 in the first nine months of 2018, (2) state income taxes, (3) the impact of the Tax Act and (4) the system optimization initiative in 2017, reflecting goodwill adjustments, changes to valuation allowances on state net operating loss carryforwards and state deferred taxes.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted the Tax Act. In our continued analysis of the impact of the Tax Act in the first nine months of 2018 under Staff Accounting Bulletin 118, we have adjusted our provisional amounts for a discrete net tax expense of $2,076. This includes a net expense of $2,426 related to the impact of the corporate rate reduction on our net deferred tax liabilities and a net expense of $991 related to limitations on the deductibility of certain executive compensation, partially offset by $1,341 for the tax benefit of foreign tax credits. The Company considers the impact of the Tax Act related to these items to be final. The impact of the Tax Act on the Company’s state income taxes is not yet final; however, we do not expect any material change to the provisional amounts made for state taxes.

Unrecognized tax benefits for the Company increased by $3,554 and $2,547 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. The increase was primarily related to the sale of our ownership interest in Inspire Brands (see Note 7 for further information). During the next twelve months, we believe it is reasonably possible the Company will reduce unrecognized tax benefits by up to $11,241 due to the lapse of statutes of limitations and expected settlements with taxing authorities.

The current portion of refundable income taxes was $5,851 and $26,262 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and is included in “Accounts and notes receivable, net” in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. There were no long-term refundable income taxes as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.