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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Text Block] GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
The following table summarizes changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2025, respectively.
(In millions)SeedCrop ProtectionTotal
Balance at December 31, 2023$5,422 $5,183 $10,605 
Currency translation adjustment(96)(139)(235)
Other goodwill adjustments 1
— 38 38 
Balance at December 31, 2024$5,326 $5,082 $10,408 
Currency translation adjustment(14)71 57 
Balance at December 31, 2025$5,312 $5,153 $10,465 
1.Includes measurement period adjustments related to the acquisitions of Stoller and Symborg, which were not material.

The company performed annual qualitative testing on all of its reporting units in 2025 and 2024, determining that no goodwill impairments existed in either year. As of December 31, 2025, accumulated impairment losses on goodwill were $4,503 million.
Other Intangible Assets
The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of other intangible assets by major class are as follows: 
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
(In millions)GrossAccumulated
Amortization		NetGrossAccumulated
Amortization		Net
Intangible assets subject to amortization (finite-lived):
Germplasm$6,291 $(1,587)$4,704 $6,291 $(1,336)$4,955 
Customer-related
2,394 (1,024)1,370 2,350 (863)1,487 
Developed technology1,860 (1,283)577 1,838 (1,161)677 
Trademarks/trade names2,056 (466)1,590 2,056 (380)1,676 
Other 1
368 (313)55 388 (312)76 
Total other intangible assets with finite lives
$12,969 $(4,673)$8,296 $12,923 $(4,052)$8,871 
Intangible assets not subject to amortization (indefinite-lived):
In-process research and development5 — 5 5 — 5 
Total other intangible assets with indefinite lives5 — 5 5 — 5 
Total other intangible assets$12,974 $(4,673)$8,301 $12,928 $(4,052)$8,876 
1.Primarily consists of sales and farmer networks, marketing and manufacturing alliances and noncompetition agreements.

The aggregate pre-tax amortization expense from continuing operations for finite-lived intangible assets was $644 million, $685 million, and $683 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Total estimated amortization expense for the next five fiscal years is as follows:
(In millions)
2026$637 
2027576 
2028555 
2029531 
2030521