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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Text Block] GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
The following table summarizes changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively.
(In millions)Crop ProtectionSeedTotal
Balance as of December 31, 2022$4,618 $5,344 $9,962 
Acquisitions1
512 — 512 
Currency translation adjustment53 78 131 
Balance as of December 31, 2023$5,183 $5,422 $10,605 
Currency translation adjustment(139)(96)(235)
Other goodwill adjustments2
38 — 38 
Balance as of December 31, 2024$5,082 $5,326 $10,408 
1.On March 1, 2023, the company completed the acquisitions of Stoller and Symborg, which are included in the Crop Protection segment. See Note 4 – Business Combinations, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information.
2.Includes measurement period adjustments related to the acquisitions of Stoller and Symborg, which were not material.

The company performed annual qualitative testing on all of its reporting units in 2024 and quantitative testing on all of its reporting units in 2023, determining that no goodwill impairments existed in either year. As of December 31, 2024, accumulated impairment losses on goodwill were $4,503 million.

Other Intangible Assets
The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of other intangible assets by major class are as follows: 
(In millions)December 31, 2024
December 31, 20231
 GrossAccumulated
Amortization		NetGrossAccumulated
Amortization		Net
Intangible assets subject to amortization (finite-lived):   
Germplasm$6,291 $(1,336)$4,955 $6,291 $(1,081)$5,210 
Customer-related
2,350 (863)1,487 2,427 (734)1,693 
Developed technology1,838 (1,161)677 1,849 (1,004)845 
Trademarks/trade names2,056 (380)1,676 2,111 (339)1,772 
Other2
388 (312)76 395 (294)101 
Total other intangible assets with finite lives
$12,923 $(4,052)$8,871 $13,073 $(3,452)$9,621 
Intangible assets not subject to amortization (indefinite-lived):   
In-process research and development5 — 5 5 — 5 
Total other intangible assets with indefinite lives5 — 5 5 — 5 
Total other intangible assets$12,928 $(4,052)$8,876 $13,078 $(3,452)$9,626 
1.Includes the intangible assets acquired in connection with the Stoller and Symborg acquisitions, which were completed on March 1, 2023. See Note 4 – Business Combinations, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information.
2.Primarily consists of sales and farmer networks, marketing and manufacturing alliances and noncompetition agreements.
The aggregate pre-tax amortization expense from continuing operations for finite-lived intangible assets was $685 million, $683 million, and $702 million, for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Total estimated amortization expense for the next five fiscal years is as follows:
(In millions)
2025$641 
2026631 
2027570 
2028549 
2029526