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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Text Block] GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
The following table summarizes changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
(In millions)Crop ProtectionSeedTotal
Balance as of December 31, 2020$4,745 $5,524 $10,269 
Currency translation adjustment(73)(87)(160)
Other goodwill adjustments1
— (2)(2)
Balance as of December 31, 2021$4,672 $5,435 $10,107 
Currency translation adjustment(63)(72)(135)
Other goodwill adjustments2
9 (19)(10)
Balance as of December 31, 2022$4,618 $5,344 $9,962 
1.Consists of the goodwill included in the sale of a business in the seed segment.
2.Consists primarily of the goodwill included in the sale of a business in the crop protection segment and the reassignment of former digital reporting unit goodwill from the seed to the crop protection segment.

The company tests goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually (during the fourth quarter), or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit has declined below its carrying value. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment using qualitative and / or quantitative testing procedures. The company performs goodwill impairment testing at the reporting unit level which is defined as the operating segment or one level below the operating segment. One level below the operating segment, or component, is a business in which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by segment management. The company aggregates certain components into reporting units based on economic similarities.

In April 2022, the company implemented a global business unit organization model ("BU Reorganization"). The BU Reorganization did not have a material impact to the company’s historical reportable segments’ financial measures and had no impact on our determination of operating segments. However, it did result in the company’s digital reporting unit being merged into the seed and crop protection reporting units with the goodwill relating to the former digital reporting unit being reassigned to the seed and crop protection reporting units using a relative fair value allocation approach. As a result of the BU Reorganization, the company determined that a triggering event had occurred during the second quarter of 2022 that required an interim impairment assessment as of April 1, 2022. The interim impairment assessment was performed for the seed, crop protection, and the former digital reporting units immediately prior to the BU Reorganization and for the seed and crop protection reporting units immediately after the BU Reorganization resulting in no goodwill impairment charges.

The company performed annual quantitative testing on all of its reporting units and determined that no goodwill impairments existed in 2022 and 2021. As of December 31, 2022, accumulated impairment losses on goodwill were $4,503 million.
Other Intangible Assets
The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of other intangible assets by major class are as follows: 
(In millions)December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
 GrossAccumulated
Amortization		NetGrossAccumulated
Amortization		Net
Intangible assets subject to amortization (Definite-lived):
      
Germplasm$6,291 $(826)$5,465 $6,265 $(571)$5,694 
Customer-related
1,912 (585)1,327 1,953 (487)1,466 
Developed technology1,485 (830)655 1,485 (679)806 
Trademarks/trade names2,009 (251)1,758 2,012 (172)1,840 
Favorable supply contracts1
475 (396)79 
Other2
395 (271)124 405 (256)149 
Total other intangible assets with finite lives
12,092 (2,763)9,329 12,595 (2,561)10,034 
Intangible assets not subject to amortization (Indefinite-lived):
      
IPR&D10 — 10 10 — 10 
Total other intangible assets
10 — 10 10 — 10 
Total$12,102 $(2,763)$9,339 $12,605 $(2,561)$10,044 
1.Effective November 1, 2022, the favorable supply contracts expired and were fully amortized.
2.Primarily consists of sales and farmer networks, marketing and manufacturing alliances and noncompetition agreements.

The aggregate pre-tax amortization expense from continuing operations for definite-lived intangible assets was $702 million, $722 million, and $682 million, for the year ended December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Total estimated amortization expense for the next five fiscal years is as follows:
(In millions)
2023$619 
2024$605 
2025$567 
2026$557 
2027$497