Substantially all of Corteva's revenue is derived from product sales. Product sales consist of sales of Corteva's products to farmers, distributors, and manufacturers. Corteva considers purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master supply agreements, to be a contract with a customer. Contracts with customers are considered to be short-term when the time between order confirmation and satisfaction of the performance obligations is equal to or less than one year. However, the company has some long-term contracts which can span multiple years.

Corteva enters into licensing arrangements with customers under which it licenses its intellectual property. Revenue from the majority of intellectual property licenses is derived from sales-based royalties. Revenue for licensing agreements that contain sales-based royalties is recognized at the later of (i) when the subsequent sale occurs or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated is satisfied.

Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations. At September 30, 2019, the company had remaining performance obligations related to material rights granted to customers for contract renewal options of $108 million ($102 million and $103 million at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, respectively). The company expects revenue to be recognized for the remaining performance obligations over the next 1 year to 6 years.

Contract liabilities primarily reflect deferred revenue from prepayments under contracts with customers where the company receives advance payments for products to be delivered in future periods. Corteva classifies deferred revenue as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when the company expects to recognize revenue. Contract assets primarily include amounts related to contractual rights to consideration for completed performance not yet invoiced. Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional.



Contract Balances	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		September 30, 2018
(In millions)	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		September 30, 2018
Accounts and notes receivable - trade¹	$	5,372	$	3,843	$	5,164
Contract assets - current²	$	20	$	18	$	18
Contract assets - noncurrent³	$	49	$	46	$	47
Deferred revenue - current⁴	$	441	$	2,209	$	380
Deferred revenue - noncurrent⁵	$	117	$	150	$	120

The change in deferred revenue from December 31, 2018 to September 30, 2019 was substantially due to the timing of seed deliveries to customers for the North America growing season. Revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from amounts included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the period was $2,013 million.

The increase in accounts and notes receivable - trade from December 31, 2018 to September 30, 2019 was primarily due to the seasonality of the company's business. Historically, trade receivables are lowest at year-end and increase through the northern hemisphere selling season, reaching their peak at the end of the second quarter.

Corteva's operations are classified into two reportable segments: Seed and Crop Protection. The company disaggregates its revenue by major product line and geographic region, as the company believes it best depicts the nature, amount and timing of its revenue and cash flows. Net sales by major product line are included below:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)	2019		2018		2019		2018
Corn	$	372	$	344	$	4,149	$	4,289
Soybean	168		54		1,297		1,449
Other oilseeds	44		57		469		514
Other	97		96		432		464
Seed	681		551		6,347		6,716
Herbicides	584		648		2,399		2,579
Insecticides	322		334		1,158		1,111
Fungicides	254		292		776		839
Other	70		122		183		227
Crop Protection	1,230		1,396		4,516		4,756
Total	$	1,911	$	1,947	$	10,863	$	11,472

Sales are attributed to geographic regions based on customer location. Net sales by geographic region and segment are included below:



Seed	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)	2019		2018		2019		2018
North America¹	$	226	$	112	$	4,238	$	4,590
EMEA²	122		133		1,200		1,222
Asia Pacific	62		52		273		272
Latin America	271		254		636		632
Total	$	681	$	551	$	6,347	$	6,716



Crop Protection	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)	2019		2018		2019		2018
North America	$	397	$	425	$	1,562	$	1,844
EMEA	183		163		1,136		1,157
Asia Pacific	159		187		674		653
Latin America	491		621		1,144		1,102
Total	$	1,230	$	1,396	$	4,516	$	4,756