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Other Intangible Assets
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2016
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Other Intangible Assets
Other Intangible Assets 
The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of other intangible assets by major class are as follows: 
 
September 30, 2016
December 31, 2015
 
Gross
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
Gross
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
Intangible assets subject to amortization (Definite-lived):
 

 

 

 

 

 

Customer lists
$
1,625

$
(580
)
$
1,045

$
1,621

$
(529
)
$
1,092

Patents
503

(257
)
246

454

(220
)
234

Purchased and licensed technology
1,170

(815
)
355

1,173

(649
)
524

Trademarks / trade names2
54

(14
)
40

26

(13
)
13

Other1
179

(81
)
98

180

(72
)
108

 
3,531

(1,747
)
1,784

3,454

(1,483
)
1,971

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Intangible assets not subject to amortization (Indefinite-lived):
 

 

 

 

 

 

In-process research and development
73


73

72


72

Microbial cell factories
306


306

306


306

Pioneer germplasm
1,056


1,056

1,048


1,048

Trademarks / trade names2
568


568

747


747

 
2,003


2,003

2,173


2,173

Total
$
5,534

$
(1,747
)
$
3,787

$
5,627

$
(1,483
)
$
4,144


1. 
Primarily consists of sales and grower networks, marketing and manufacturing alliances and noncompetition agreements.
2. 
The decrease in indefinite-lived intangible trademarks / trade names is the result of a $158 impairment charge recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 associated with certain acquired trade names. The remaining net book value of the trade names are reflected in definite-lived trademarks / trade names at September 30, 2016. See Note 4 for additional information.

The aggregate pre-tax amortization expense from continuing operations for definite-lived intangible assets was $46 and $272 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, and $50 and $305 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively. The estimated aggregate pre-tax amortization expense from continuing operations for the remainder of 2016 and each of the next five years is approximately $58, $207, $208, $211, $193 and $152, respectively.