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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2011
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities [Abstract]  
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
 
Guarantees
 
Product Warranty Liability
 
The company warrants that its products meet standard specifications.  The company’s product warranty liability was $24 and $20 as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.  Estimates for warranty costs are based on historical claims experience.
 
Indemnifications
 
In connection with acquisitions and divestitures, the company has indemnified respective parties against certain liabilities that may arise in connection with these transactions and business activities prior to the completion of the transaction.  The term of these indemnifications, which typically pertain to environmental, tax and product liabilities, is generally indefinite.  In addition, the company indemnifies its duly elected or appointed directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, against liabilities incurred as a result of their activities for the company, such as adverse judgments relating to litigation matters.  If the indemnified party were to incur a liability or have a liability increase as a result of a successful claim, pursuant to the terms of the indemnification, the company would be required to reimburse the indemnified party.  The maximum amount of potential future payments is generally unlimited.  The carrying amounts recorded for all indemnifications as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 was $105 and $100, respectively.  Although it is reasonably possible that future payments may exceed amounts accrued, due to the nature of indemnified items, it is not possible to make a reasonable estimate of the maximum potential loss or range of loss.  No assets are held as collateral and no specific recourse provisions exist.
 
In connection with the 2004 sale of the majority of the net assets of Textiles and Interiors, the company indemnified the purchasers, subsidiaries of Koch Industries, Inc. (INVISTA), against certain liabilities primarily related to taxes, legal and environmental matters and other representations and warranties under the Purchase and Sale Agreement. The estimated fair value of the indemnity obligations under the Purchase and Sale Agreement was $70 and was included in the indemnifications balance of $105 at June 30, 2011.  Under the Purchase and Sale Agreement, the company’s total indemnification obligation for the majority of the representations and warranties cannot exceed $1,400. The other indemnities are not subject to this limit.  In March 2008, INVISTA filed suit in the Southern District of New York alleging that certain representations and warranties in the Purchase and Sale Agreement were breached and, therefore, that DuPont is obligated to indemnify it. DuPont disagrees with the extent and value of INVISTA’s claims. DuPont has not changed its estimate of its total indemnification obligation under the Purchase and Sale Agreement as a result of the lawsuit.
 




Obligations for Equity Affiliates & Others
 
The company has directly guaranteed various debt obligations under agreements with third parties related to equity affiliates, customers, suppliers and other affiliated companies.  At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the company had directly guaranteed $521 and $544, respectively, of such obligations. In addition, the company had $16 relating to guarantees of historical obligations for divested subsidiaries as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.  These amounts represent the maximum potential amount of future (undiscounted) payments that the company could be required to make under the guarantees.  The company would be required to perform on these guarantees in the event of default by the guaranteed party.
 
The company assesses the payment/performance risk by assigning default rates based on the duration of the guarantees. These default rates are assigned based on the external credit rating of the counterparty or through internal credit analysis and historical default history for counterparties that do not have published credit ratings.  For counterparties without an external rating or available credit history, a cumulative average default rate is used.
 
At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, a liability of $116 and $109, respectively, was recorded for these obligations, representing the amount of payment/performance risk for which the company deems probable. This liability is principally related to obligations of the company’s polyester films joint venture, which are guaranteed by the company.
 
In certain cases, the company has recourse to assets held as collateral, as well as personal guarantees from customers and suppliers. Assuming liquidation, these assets are estimated to cover approximately 36 percent of the $275 of guaranteed obligations of customers and suppliers. Set forth below are the company’s guaranteed obligations at June 30, 2011:
 
 
Short-Term
 
Long-Term
 
Total
Obligations for customers and suppliers1:
 


 
 


 
 


Bank borrowings (terms up to 5 years)
$
136


 
$
138


 
$
274


Leases on equipment and facilities (terms up to 4 years)


 
1


 
1


Obligations for other affiliated companies2:
 


 
 


 
 


Bank borrowings (terms up to 1 year)
203


 


 
203


Obligations for equity affiliates2:
 


 
 


 
 


Bank borrowings (terms up to 2 years)
6


 
14


 
20


Revenue bonds (terms up to 4 years)


 
23


 
23


Total obligations for customers, suppliers, other affiliated
  companies, and equity affiliates
345


 
176


 
521


Obligations for divested subsidiaries3:
 


 
 


 
 


Conoco (terms up to 15 years)


 
16


 
16


Total obligations for divested subsidiaries


 
16


 
16


Total
$
345


 
$
192


 
$
537


 ________________________________
1    Existing guarantees for customers and suppliers arose as part of contractual agreements.
2       Existing guarantees for equity affiliates and other affiliated companies arose for liquidity needs in normal operations.
3                  The company has guaranteed certain obligations and liabilities related to a divested subsidiary, Conoco, which has indemnified the company for any liabilities the company may incur pursuant to these guarantees.
 
Litigation
 
PFOA
 
DuPont uses PFOA (collectively, perfluorooctanoic acids and its salts, including the ammonium salt), as a processing aid to manufacture fluoropolymer resins and dispersions at various sites around the world including its Washington Works plant in West Virginia.  At June 30, 2011, DuPont has accruals of $21 related to the PFOA matters discussed below.
 




Leach v DuPont
 
In August 2001, a class action, captioned Leach v DuPont, was filed in West Virginia state court against DuPont and the Lubeck Public Service District.  The complaint alleged that residents living near the Washington Works facility had suffered, or may suffer, deleterious health effects from exposure to PFOA in drinking water.  The relief sought included damages for medical monitoring, diminution of property values and punitive damages plus injunctive relief to stop releases of PFOA.  DuPont and attorneys for the class reached a settlement agreement in 2004 and as a result, the company established accruals of $108 in 2004.  The settlement binds a class of approximately 80,000 residents.  As defined by the court, the class includes those individuals who have consumed, for at least one year, water containing 0.05 parts per billion (ppb) or greater of PFOA from any of six designated public water sources or from sole source private wells.
 
In July 2005, the company paid the plaintiffs’ attorneys’ fees and expenses of $23 and made a payment of $70, which class counsel has designated to fund a community health project.  The company is also funding a series of health studies by an independent science panel of experts in the communities exposed to PFOA to evaluate available scientific evidence on whether any probable link exists between exposure to PFOA and human disease.  The company expects the independent science panel to complete these health studies through July 2012 at a total estimated cost of $32.  In addition, the company is providing state-of-the-art water treatment systems designed to reduce the level of PFOA in water to six area water districts, including the Little Hocking Water Association (LHWA), until the science panel determines that PFOA does not cause disease or until applicable water standards can be met without such treatment.  All of the water treatment systems are operating.
 
The settlement resulted in the dismissal of all claims asserted in the lawsuit except for personal injury claims.  If the independent science panel concludes that no probable link exists between exposure to PFOA and any diseases, then the settlement would also resolve personal injury claims.  If it concludes that a probable link does exist between exposure to PFOA and any diseases, then DuPont would also fund up to $235 for a medical monitoring program to pay for such medical testing.  In this event, plaintiffs would retain their right to pursue personal injury claims.  All other claims in the lawsuit would remain dismissed by the settlement.  DuPont believes that it is remote that the panel will find a probable link.  Therefore, at June 30, 2011, the company has not established any accruals related to medical monitoring or personal injury claims.  However, there can be no assurance as to what the independent science panel will conclude.
 
Civil Actions: Drinking Water
 
At June 30, 2011, there were four additional actions pending brought by or on behalf of water district customers in New Jersey, Ohio and West Virginia. The cases generally claim PFOA contamination of drinking water and seek a variety of relief including compensatory and punitive damages, testing, treatment, remediation and monitoring. In addition, the two New Jersey class actions and the Ohio action, brought by the LHWA, claim “imminent and substantial endangerment to health and or the environment” under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).  In the first quarter 2011, the court preliminarily approved the agreement in principle to settle the two New Jersey class actions for $8.3. The final approval hearing occurred in the second quarter 2011; however, the court has not yet issued its decision. Discovery continues in the Ohio action. In the West Virginia class action, the court entered judgment for DuPont in the first quarter 2010 which was affirmed by the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals in April 2011.
 
DuPont denies the claims alleged in these civil drinking water actions and is defending itself vigorously.
 
Environmental Actions
 
Of the total accrual, about $9 is to fund DuPont’s obligations under agreements with the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection.  In 2005, the company and EPA entered into an agreement settling allegations that DuPont failed to comply with technical reporting requirements under the Toxic Substances Control Act and RCRA. Under the settlement, DuPont paid a fine of $10.25 and committed to undertaking two Supplemental Environmental Projects, one of which has been completed. In 2009, EPA and DuPont entered a Consent Order under the Safe Drinking Water Act. The Consent Order obligates DuPont to survey, sample and test drinking water in and around the company’s Washington Works site and offer treatment or an alternative supply of drinking water if tests indicate the presence of PFOA in drinking water at the national Provisional Health Advisory for PFOA of 0.40 ppb or greater.
 
While DuPont believes that it is reasonably possible that it could incur losses related to PFOA matters in addition to those matters discussed above for which it has established accruals, a range of such losses, if any, cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.
 
Benlate® 
 
In 1991, DuPont began receiving claims by growers that use of Benlate® 50 DF fungicide had caused crop damage.  DuPont has since been served with thousands of lawsuits, most of which have been disposed of through trial, dismissal or settlement.
 
At June 30, 2011, there were nine cases in Florida courts alleging that Benlate® caused crop damage.  At the 2006 trial of two cases involving twenty-seven Costa Rican fern growers, the plaintiffs sought damages in the range of $270 to $400.  A $56 judgment was rendered against the company, but was reduced to $24 on DuPont’s motion.  In the fourth quarter 2009, on DuPont’s motion, the judgment was reversed, vacated and the cases were remanded to be tried separately or in small related groups. Plaintiffs sought appellate review of the decision. In December 2010, the appellate court upheld the decision to try the cases separately. The appellate court also affirmed dismissal of the verdicts for seven of the twenty-seven fern growers on grounds that their claims were barred by the statute of limitations.  Plaintiffs are seeking review by the Florida Supreme Court.  On January 19, 2011, the court entered an order in five of the remaining crop cases striking DuPont’s pleadings. The order essentially entered judgment against DuPont as to liability.  DuPont will appeal, but cannot do so until a damages trial results in a monetary judgment against it. In the first damages trial of these crop cases held in June 2011, the jury awarded $0.2 in compensatory damages plus interest and $0.8 in punitive damages. DuPont will appeal.
 
In January 2009, a case was filed in Florida state court claiming that plaintiff’s exposure to Benlate® allegedly contaminated with other fungicides and herbicides, caused plaintiff’s kidney cancer and pancreatic and brain tumors.  The case was tried to a verdict in September 2010 in federal court, to which it had been removed on DuPont’s motion, and the jury unanimously rejected allegations that exposure to Benlate® caused plaintiff’s diseases. In December 2010, the court denied plaintiff’s post trial motions. Plaintiff has appealed.
 
The company does not believe that Benlate® caused the damages alleged in each of these cases and denies the allegations of fraud and misconduct.  The company continues to defend itself in ongoing matters.  As of June 30, 2011, the company has incurred costs and expenses of approximately $2,000 associated with these matters, but does not expect additional significant costs or expenses associated with the remaining ten cases.  At June 30, 2011, the company has accruals of about $0.1 related to Benlate®. The company does not expect losses in excess of the accruals, if any, to be material.
 
Spelter, West Virginia


In September 2006, a West Virginia state court certified a class action captioned Perrine v DuPont, against DuPont that sought relief including the provision of remediation services and property value diminution damages for 7,000 residential properties in the vicinity of a closed zinc smelter in Spelter, West Virginia. The action also sought medical monitoring for an undetermined number of residents in the class area. In November 2010, plaintiffs and DuPont reached an agreement to settle this matter for $70 which the company paid in the first quarter 2011. In addition, the agreement requires DuPont to fund a medical monitoring program. The initial set-up costs associated with the program were included in the $70. The company will reassess its liability related to funding the medical monitoring program as eligible members of the class elect to participate and enroll in the program, as those costs cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. Enrollment in the program is expected to be completed in the third quarter 2011. As of June 30, 2011, the company does not have any accruals related to this matter.


General
 
The company is subject to various lawsuits and claims arising out of the normal course of its business.  These lawsuits and claims include actions based on alleged exposures to products, intellectual property and environmental matters and contract and antitrust claims.  Management has noted a nationwide trend in purported class actions against chemical manufacturers generally seeking relief such as medical monitoring, property damages, off-site remediation and punitive damages arising from alleged environmental torts without claiming present personal injuries. Such cases may allege contamination from unregulated substances or remediated sites. The company also has noted a trend in public and private nuisance suits being filed on behalf of states, counties, cities and utilities alleging harm to the general public.  Although it is not possible to predict the outcome of these various lawsuits and claims, management does not anticipate they will have a materially adverse effect on the company’s consolidated financial position or liquidity.  However, the ultimate liabilities may be significant to results of operations in the period recognized.  The company accrues for contingencies when the information available indicates that it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated. 


Environmental
 
The company is also subject to contingencies pursuant to environmental laws and regulations that in the future may require the company to take further action to correct the effects on the environment of prior disposal practices or releases of chemical or petroleum substances by the company or other parties. The company accrues for environmental remediation activities consistent with the policy set forth in Note 1 in the company’s 2010 Annual Report. Much of this liability results from the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA, often referred to as Superfund), RCRA and similar state and global laws. These laws require the company to undertake certain investigative and remedial activities at sites where the company conducts or once conducted operations or at sites where company-generated waste was disposed. The accrual also includes estimated costs related to a number of sites identified by the company for which it is probable that environmental remediation will be required, but which are not currently the subject of enforcement activities.
 
Remediation activities vary substantially in duration and cost from site to site. These activities, and their associated costs, depend on the mix of unique site characteristics, evolving remediation technologies, diverse regulatory agencies and enforcement policies, as well as the presence or absence of potentially responsible parties. At June 30, 2011, the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets included a liability of $423, relating to these matters and, in management’s opinion, is appropriate based on existing facts and circumstances. The average time frame, over which the accrued or presently unrecognized amounts may be paid, based on past history, is estimated to be 15-20 years. Considerable uncertainty exists with respect to these costs and, under adverse changes in circumstances, potential liability may range up to two to three times the amount accrued as of June 30, 2011.
 
Other
 
The company has various purchase commitments incident to the ordinary conduct of business. In the aggregate, such commitments are not at prices in excess of current market.