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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2016
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
6. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The following table provides the changes in carrying value of goodwill by segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2016:
 
Energy
 
Engineered Systems
 
Fluids
 
Refrigeration & Food Equipment
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2015
$
1,047,180

 
$
1,473,864

 
$
655,745

 
$
560,600

 
$
3,737,389

Acquisitions

 
19,948

 
294,685

 

 
314,633

Purchase price adjustments

 
363

 
4,860

 
768

 
5,991

Disposition of business or held for sale

 
(9,615
)
 

 
(25,673
)
 
(35,288
)
Foreign currency translation
842

 
7,915

 
7,536

 
917

 
17,210

Balance at September 30, 2016
$
1,048,022

 
$
1,492,475

 
$
962,826

 
$
536,612

 
$
4,039,935



As noted in Note 3 Held for Sale, Disposed and Discontinued Operations, the Company completed the sale of its Texas Hydraulics business during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. As a result of this sale, the Engineered Systems goodwill balance was reduced by $9,615. Additionally, the Company has classified Tipper Tie's assets and liabilities as held for sale. As a result, the Refrigeration & Food Equipment goodwill balance was reduced by $25,673.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded adjustments totaling $5,991 to goodwill relating to purchase price adjustments as a result of working capital adjustments and refinements of estimates to assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the 2015 acquisitions of Gemtron, JK Group, Gala Industries, Xylon and Reduction Engineering Scheer. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded adjustments of $6,892 and $24,092, respectively, to goodwill as a result of working capital and purchase price adjustments for the 2016 acquisitions of Tokheim, Fairbanks, and ProGauge. These adjustments are included in the acquisitions line in the table above.

In accordance with the applicable accounting standard, Dover performs its annual goodwill impairment testing in the fourth quarter of each year. In addition to the annual impairment test, the Company is required to regularly assess whether a triggering event has occurred which would require interim impairment testing. The Company has considered the economic environments in which its businesses operate, particularly those reporting units exposed to the decline in oil and gas markets, and the long-term outlook for those businesses. The Company has determined that a triggering event has not occurred which would require impairment testing in the third quarter of 2016.

The following table provides the gross carrying value and accumulated amortization for each major class of intangible assets:
 
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
Gross Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Gross Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
Amortized intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trademarks
$
176,887

 
$
53,037

 
$
150,926

 
$
45,536

Patents
149,061

 
119,652

 
150,570

 
112,399

Customer Intangibles
1,679,427

 
691,040

 
1,567,048

 
595,635

Unpatented Technologies
135,026

 
62,198

 
137,919

 
56,495

Drawings & Manuals
39,940

 
23,561

 
34,232

 
15,760

Distributor Relationships
116,261

 
43,263

 
64,614

 
37,610

Other
27,275

 
21,040

 
23,923

 
18,168

Total
2,323,877

 
1,013,791

 
2,129,232

 
881,603

Unamortized intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trademarks
165,671

 
 
 
165,594

 
 
Total intangible assets, net
$
1,475,757

 
 
 
$
1,413,223

 
 

Amortization expense totaled $43,937 and $38,983 for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, amortization expense was $131,105 and $118,576, respectively.