XML 76 R26.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v2.4.0.6
Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Description of Business
Description of Business - Dover Corporation (the “Company”) is a diversified, multinational corporation that manufactures a broad range of specialized products and components and also offers related services and consumables. The Company also provides engineering, testing and other similar services, which are not significant in relation to consolidated revenue. The Company's businesses are based primarily in the United States of America and Europe with manufacturing and other operations throughout the world.  In the fourth quarter of 2011, the Company reorganized its businesses into four new business segments that are aligned with the key end-markets they serve.  As a result of this realignment, the Company reports its results in four segments, Communication Technologies, Energy, Engineered Systems, and Printing & Identification.  For additional information on the Company's segments, see Note 15.

Principles of Consolidation
    Principles of Consolidation - The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The results of operations of purchased businesses are included from the dates of acquisitions. The assets, liabilities, results of operations and cash flows of all discontinued operations have been separately reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented.
Use of Estimates
  Use of Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. These estimates may be adjusted due to changes in future economic, industry or customer financial conditions, as well as changes in technology or demand. Significant estimates include allowances for doubtful accounts receivable, net realizable value of inventories, restructuring reserves, valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, pension and post retirement assumptions, useful lives associated with amortization and depreciation of intangibles and fixed assets, warranty reserves, income taxes and tax valuation reserves, environmental reserves, legal reserves, insurance reserves and the valuations of discontinued assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates.  Estimates and assumptions are periodically reviewed and the effects of revisions are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period that they are determined.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 Cash and Cash Equivalents - Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposits and short-term investments which are highly liquid in nature and have original maturities at the time of purchase of three months or less.
Short-Term Investments
Short-Term Investments - Short-term investments consist of investment grade time deposits that have original maturity dates at the time of purchase greater than three months, up to twelve months.  The Company's short-term investments earned interest at the weighted average rate of 1.04% in both 2011 and 2010.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Allowance for Doubtful AccountsThe Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses as a result of customer's inability to make required payments.  Management evaluates the aging of the accounts receivable balances, the financial condition of its customers, historical trends and the time outstanding of specific balances to estimate the amount of accounts receivable that may not be collected in the future and records the appropriate provision.

Inventories
 Inventories – Inventories for the majority of the Company's subsidiaries, including all international subsidiaries, are stated at the lower of cost, determined on the first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis, or market. Other domestic inventory is stated at cost, determined on the last-in, first-out (LIFO) basis, which is less than market value.
   
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment - Property, plant and equipment includes the historic cost of land, buildings, equipment and significant improvements to existing plant and equipment or, in the case of acquisitions, a fair market value appraisal of such assets completed at the time of acquisition.  Property, plant and equipment also includes the cost of purchased software.  Expenditures for maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are expensed as incurred. When property or equipment is sold or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from the respective accounts and the gain or loss realized on disposition is reflected in earnings.  Depreciation expense was $175,997 in 2011, $152,305 in 2010 and $146,534 in 2009 and was calculated on a straight-line basis for all periods presented. The Company depreciates its assets over their estimated useful lives as follows: buildings and improvements 5 to 31.5 years; machinery and equipment 3 to 7 years; furniture and fixtures 3 to 7 years; vehicles 3 years; and software 3 to 5 years.

Derivative Instruments
  Derivative Instruments - The Company periodically uses derivative financial instruments to hedge its exposures to various risks, including interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate risk.  The Company does not enter into derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes and does not have a material portfolio of derivative financial instruments.  Derivative financial instruments used for hedging purposes must be designated and effective as a hedge of the identified risk exposure at inception of the contract.
 
    The Company recognizes all derivatives as either assets or liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet and measures those instruments at fair value.  For derivatives designated as hedges of the fair value of assets or liabilities, the changes in fair value of both the derivatives and of the hedged items are recorded in current earnings. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivatives is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income and subsequently recognized in earnings when the hedged items impact earnings.
 
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets - Goodwill represents the excess of acquisition costs over the fair value of the net assets of businesses acquired.  Goodwill and certain other intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives (primarily trademarks) are not amortized.  Instead, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist, such as a significant sustained change in the business climate. The Company conducts its annual impairment evaluation in the fourth quarter of each year.  As discussed in Note 3, in connection with the sale of its Paladin Brands business in the third quarter of 2011, the Company recognized an after-tax goodwill impairment charge of $76,072, representing a write-down of the carrying value of goodwill to fair value, or the anticipated sales proceeds. This impairment loss is recorded within discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2011.  No impairment was indicated for the years ended December 31, 2010 or 2009.
 
Similar to goodwill, in testing its other indefinite lived intangible assets for impairment, the Company uses a discounted cash flow method to calculate and compare the fair value of the intangible asset to its book value. This method uses the Company's own market assumptions which are considered reasonable and inherent in the discounted cash flow analysis.  Any excess of carrying value over the estimated fair value is recognized as an impairment loss.  No impairment of indefinite lived intangibles was indicated for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 or 2009.
  
Other Intangible Assets
Other Intangible Assets - Other intangible assets with determinable lives consist primarily of customer lists, unpatented technology, patents and trademarks.  These other intangibles are amortized over their estimated useful lives, ranging from 5 to 15 years.

Long-Lived Assets
   Long-Lived Assets - Long-lived assets (including intangible assets with determinable lives) are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, such as a significant sustained change in the business climate.  If an indicator of impairment exists for any grouping of assets, an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows is produced and compared to its carrying value.  If an asset is determined to be impaired, the loss is measured by the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its fair value as determined by an estimate of discounted future cash flows.  There were no indicators of impairment noted during 2011.
Foreign Currency
 Foreign Currency - Assets and liabilities of non-U.S. subsidiaries, where the functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, have been translated at year-end exchange rates and profit and loss accounts have been translated using weighted average yearly exchange rates.  Foreign currency translation gains and losses are included as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss).  Assets and liabilities of an entity that are denominated in currencies other than an entity's functional currency are re-measured into the functional currency using end of period exchange rates or historical rates where applicable to certain balances.   Gains and losses related to these re-measurements are recorded within the Statement of Operations as a component of Other Expense (Income), net.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition - Revenue is recognized when all of the following circumstances are satisfied: a) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, b) price is fixed or determinable, c) collectability is reasonably assured, and d) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered. The majority of the Company's revenue is generated through the manufacture and sale of a broad range of specialized products and components, with revenue recognized upon transfer of title and risk of loss, which is generally upon shipment. Service revenue represents less than 10% of total revenue and is recognized as the services are performed.  In limited cases, revenue arrangements with customers require delivery, installation, testing, certification or other acceptance provisions to be satisfied before revenue is recognized.  The Company does not have significant multiple deliverable arrangements.
 
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-Based CompensationThe principal awards issued under the Company's stock-based compensation plans include non-qualified stock-settled stock appreciation rights and performance share awards.  The cost for such awards is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award.  The value of the portion of the award that is expected to ultimately vest is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis, generally over the explicit service period of three years (except for retirement- eligible employees and retirees) and is included in selling and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.  Expense for awards granted to retirement-eligible employees is recorded over the period from the date of grant through the date the employee first becomes eligible to retire and is no longer required to provide service.  See Note 10 for additional information related to the Company's stock-based compensation.  At the time of grant, the Company estimates forfeitures, based on historical experience, in order to estimate the portion of the award that will ultimately vest.
 
Income Taxes
Income Taxes - The provision for income taxes on continuing operations includes federal, state, local and non-U.S. taxes. Tax credits, primarily for research and experimentation and non-U.S. earnings, export programs, and U.S. manufacturer's tax deduction are recognized as a reduction of the provision for income taxes on continuing operations in the year in which they are available for tax purposes. Deferred taxes are provided on temporary differences between assets and liabilities for financial and tax reporting purposes as measured by enacted tax rates expected to apply when temporary differences are settled or realized. Future tax benefits are recognized to the extent that realization of those benefits is considered to be more likely than not. A valuation allowance is established for deferred tax assets for which realization is not assured. The Company has not provided for any residual U.S. income taxes on unremitted earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries as such earnings are currently intended to be indefinitely reinvested outside of the U.S.

Research and Development Costs
Research and Development Costs – Research and development costs, including qualifying engineering costs, are expensed when incurred and amounted to $196,970 in 2011, $186,687 in 2010 and $172,075 in 2009.

Advertising
Advertising – Advertising costs are expensed when incurred and amounted to $40,195 in 2011, $34,903 in 2010 and $29,026 in 2009.
 
Risk, Retention, Insurance
  Risk, Retention, Insurance - The Company currently self-insures its product and commercial general liability claims up to $5.0 million per occurrence, its workers' compensation claims up to $0.5 million per occurrence, and automobile liability claims up to $1.0 million per occurrence.  Third-party insurance provides primary level coverage in excess of these amounts up to certain specified limits. In addition, the Company has excess liability insurance from third-party insurers on both an aggregate and an individual occurrence basis well in excess of the limits of the primary coverage. A worldwide program of property insurance covers the Company's owned and leased property and any business interruptions that may occur due to an insured hazard affecting those properties, subject to reasonable deductibles and aggregate limits. The Company's property and casualty insurance programs contain various deductibles that, based on the Company's experience, are typical and customary for a company of its size and risk profile. The Company does not consider any of the deductibles to represent a material risk to the Company. The Company generally maintains deductibles for claims and liabilities related primarily to workers' compensation, health and welfare claims, general commercial, product and automobile liability and property damage, and business interruption resulting from certain events. The Company accrues for claim exposures that are probable of occurrence and can be reasonably estimated.  As part of the Company's risk management program, insurance is maintained to transfer risk beyond the level of self-retention and provide protection on both an individual claim and annual aggregate basis.
 
Reclassifications
ReclassificationsCertain amounts in prior years have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsIn October 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2009-13, which amended existing guidance for identifying separate deliverables in a revenue-generating transaction where multiple deliverables exist and requires that arrangement consideration be allocated at the inception of an arrangement to all deliverables using the relative selling price method. The Company adopted the multiple element guidance of ASU 2009-13 effective January 1, 2011 for new arrangements entered into or materially modified on or after that date on a prospective basis.  The Company does not have significant multiple deliverable arrangements, so the adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In October 2009, the FASB issued ASU 2009-14 which eliminates tangible products containing both software and non-software components that operate together to deliver a product's functionality from the scope of then-current generally accepted accounting principles for software. The Company adopted ASU 2009-14 on a prospective basis, effective January 1, 2011. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
 
In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-05 which provides new guidance on the presentation of comprehensive income.  ASU 2011-05 eliminates the option to report other comprehensive income and its components in the statement of changes in stockholders' equity and instead requires an entity to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement or in two separate but consecutive statements.   This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011, with early adoption permitted.  The adoption of this ASU only requires a change in the format of the current presentation.  The Company adopted this guidance for its 2011 year-end reporting, presenting other comprehensive earnings in a separate statement following the statement of earnings.
 
In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-09 which requires enhanced disclosures around an employer's participation in multiemployer pension plans.  The standard is intended to provide more information about an employer's financial obligations to a multiemployer pension plan to help financial statement users better understand the financial health of the significant plans in which the employer participates. This guidance became effective for the Company for its fiscal 2011 year-end reporting.  Its adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
 
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements – In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-04 which was issued to provide a consistent definition of fair value and ensure that the fair value measurement and disclosure requirements are similar between U.S. GAAP and IFRS. ASU 2011-04 changes certain fair value measurement principles and enhances the disclosure requirements particularly for Level 3 fair value measurements.  This guidance is effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2012.  Its adoption is not expected to significantly impact the Company's consolidated financial statements.
 
In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-08 which provides an entity the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the current two-step test for goodwill impairment.  If an entity believes, as a result of its qualitative assessment, that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is required.  Otherwise, no further testing is required. The revised standard is effective for Dover for its annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011.  The adoption of this ASU is not expected to significantly impact the Company's consolidated financial statements.