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Intangible Assets
 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Intangible Assets   INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The table below provides details of acquired intangible assets:
 
 
30 September 2018
 
30 September 2017
 
 
Gross

 
Accumulated
Amortization/
Impairment

 
Net

 
Gross

 
Accumulated
Amortization/
Impairment

 
Net

Customer relationships
 

$491.9

 

($165.5
)
 

$326.4

 

$424.1

 

($142.3
)
 

$281.8

Patents and technology
 
34.0

 
(11.9
)
 
22.1

 
13.4

 
(10.6
)
 
2.8

Other
 
72.6

 
(33.8
)
 
38.8

 
73.4

 
(36.6
)
 
36.8

Total finite-lived intangibles
 
598.5

 
(211.2
)
 
387.3

 
510.9

 
(189.5
)
 
321.4

Trade names and trademarks, indefinite-lived
 
64.8

 
(13.6
)
 
51.2

 
67.8

 
(20.9
)
 
46.9

Total Intangible Assets
 

$663.3

 

($224.8
)
 

$438.5

 

$578.7

 

($210.4
)
 

$368.3


The increase in net intangible assets during fiscal year 2018 is primarily attributable to intangible assets acquired through business combinations, partially offset by amortization. For additional information on intangible assets acquired, refer to Note 6, Acquisitions.
Amortization expense for intangible assets was $30.0, $22.6, and $22.3 in fiscal years 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. Refer to Note 1, Major Accounting Policies, for amortization periods associated with our intangible assets.
Projected annual amortization expense for intangible assets as of 30 September 2018 is as follows:
2019

$32.7

2020
32.4

2021
30.5

2022
27.8

2023
27.3

Thereafter
236.6

Total

$387.3


Indefinite-lived intangible assets are subject to impairment testing at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that potential impairment exists. The impairment test for indefinite-lived intangible assets involves calculating the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets and comparing the fair value to their carrying value. If the fair value is less than the carrying value, the difference is recorded as an impairment loss. During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2018, we conducted our annual impairment test of indefinite-lived intangible assets and determined that the fair value of all our intangible assets exceeded their carrying value.
During the third quarter of fiscal year 2017, we conducted an interim impairment test of the indefinite-lived intangible assets associated with LASA within the Industrial Gases – Americas segment and recorded a noncash impairment charge of $16.8 to write down the carrying value of the trade names and trademarks to their fair value. The impairment charge has been excluded from segment operating income and is reflected on our consolidated income statements within “Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge." As discussed in Note 10, Goodwill, the reduction in value resulted from lowered long-term growth projections. We estimated the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangibles associated with LASA utilizing the royalty savings method, a form of the income approach.
In addition, we tested the recoverability of LASA long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization, in fiscal year 2017 and concluded that they were recoverable from expected future undiscounted cash flows.