3. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

Materials Technologies

On 16 September 2015, we announced plans to separate our Materials Technologies segment, which contained two divisions, the Electronic Materials Division (EMD) and the Performance Materials Division (PMD). As further discussed below, we completed the separation of EMD through the spin-off of Versum Materials, Inc. (Versum) and the sale of PMD to Evonik Industries AG (Evonik) in fiscal year 2017. As a result, these divisions are reflected in our consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations for all periods presented.

Spin-off of EMD

On 1 October 2016 (the distribution date), Air Products completed the spin-off of Versum into a separate and independent public company. The spin-off was completed by way of a distribution to Air Products’ stockholders of all of the then issued and outstanding shares of common stock of Versum on the basis of one share of Versum common stock for every two shares of Air Products’ common stock held as of the close of business on 21 September 2016 (the record date for the distribution). Fractional shares of Versum common stock were not distributed to Air Products' common stockholders. Air Products’ stockholders received cash in lieu of fractional shares. As a result of the distribution, Versum is now an independent public company, and its common stock is listed under the symbol “VSM” on the New York Stock Exchange. The spin-off of Versum was treated as a noncash transaction in the consolidated statements of cash flows in fiscal year 2017.

Sale of PMD

On 3 January 2017, we completed the sale of PMD to Evonik for $3.8 billion in cash. A gain of $2,870 ($1,828 after‑tax, or $8.32 per share) was recognized on the sale. A portion of the proceeds from the sale have been included in "Short-term investments" on the consolidated balance sheets. Interest income earned on the sale proceeds has been reflected on the consolidated income statements within “Other non-operating income (expense), net."

Energy-from-Waste

On 29 March 2016, the Board of Directors approved the Company’s exit of its Energy‑from‑Waste (EfW) business and efforts to start up and operate the two EfW projects located in Tees Valley, United Kingdom, were discontinued. Since that time, the EfW segment has been presented as a discontinued operation.

During the second quarter of fiscal year 2016, we recorded a loss of $945.7 ($846.6 after-tax) to write down plant assets to their estimated net realizable value and record a liability for plant disposition and other costs. Income tax benefits related only to one of the projects as the other did not qualify for a local tax deduction. We estimated the net realizable value of the projects assuming an orderly liquidation of assets capable of being marketed on a secondary equipment market based on market quotes and our experience with selling similar equipment. An asset’s orderly liquidation value is the amount that could be realized from a liquidation sale, given a reasonable period of time to find a buyer, selling the asset in the existing condition where it is located, and assuming the highest and best use of the asset by market participants. A valuation allowance of $58.0 and unrecognized tax benefits of $7.9 were recorded relating to deferred tax assets on capital assets generated from the loss.

During the first quarter of fiscal year 2017, we determined that it is unlikely for a buyer to assume the remaining assets and contract obligations, including land lease obligations. As a result, we recorded an additional loss of $59.3 ($47.1 after-tax) in results of discontinued operations, of which $53.0 was recorded primarily for land lease obligations and $6.3 was recorded to update our estimate of the net realizable value of the plant assets as of 31 December 2016. There have been no changes to our estimates during the remainder of fiscal year 2017. We may incur additional exit costs in future periods related to other outstanding commitments.

The following table summarizes the carrying amount of the accrual for our actions to dispose of the EfW business at 30 September 2017:



	Asset Actions			Contract Actions/ Other			Total
Loss on disposal of business	$	913.5		$	32.2		$	945.7
Noncash expenses	(913.5		)	—			(913.5		)
Cash expenditures	—			(18.6		)	(18.6		)
Currency translation adjustment	—			(1.4		)	(1.4		)
30 September 2016	$	—		$	12.2		$	12.2
Loss on disposal of business	6.3			53.0			59.3
Noncash expenses	(6.3		)	—			(6.3		)
Cash expenditures	—			(1.4		)	(1.4		)
Currency translation adjustment	—			7.3			7.3
Amount reflected in other noncurrent liabilities	—			(65.3		)	(65.3		)
30 September 2017	$	—		$	5.8		$	5.8

The loss on disposal was recorded as a component of discontinued operations. The amount reflected in other noncurrent liabilities primarily relates to land lease obligations and is recorded in continuing operations. The remaining accrual is reflected in current liabilities of discontinued operations.

Summarized Financial Information of Discontinued Operations

The following tables detail the businesses and major line items that comprise income from discontinued operations, net of tax, on the consolidated income statements:



							Total
	Performance			Energy-from-			Discontinued
Year Ended 30 September 2017	Materials			Waste^(A)			Operations
Sales	$	254.8		$	—		$	254.8
Cost of sales	182.3			13.8			196.1
Selling and administrative	22.5			.7			23.2
Research and development	5.1			—			5.1
Other income (expense), net	.3			(2.0		)	(1.7		)
Operating Income (Loss)	45.2			(16.5		)	28.7
Equity affiliates’ income	.3			—			.3
Income (Loss) Before Taxes	45.5			(16.5		)	29.0
Income tax benefit^(B)	(50.8		)	(5.7		)	(56.5		)
Income (Loss) From Operations of Discontinued Operations, net of tax	96.3			(10.8		)	85.5
Gain (Loss) on Disposal, net of tax^(C)	1,827.6			(47.1		)	1,780.5
Income (Loss) From Discontinued Operations, net of tax	$	1,923.9		$	(57.9	)	$	1,866.0


^(A)	The loss from operations of discontinued operations for EfW primarily relates to costs incurred for ongoing project exit activities, administrative costs, and land lease obligations.


^(B)	As a result of the expected gain on sale of PMD, we released valuation allowances related to capital loss and net operating loss carryforwards primarily during the first quarter of 2017 that favorably impacted our income tax provision within discontinued operations by approximately $69.


^(C)	After-tax gain on sale of $1,827.6 includes expense for income tax reserves for uncertain tax positions of $28.0 gross ($21.0 net) in various jurisdictions.



								Total
	Electronic		Performance		Energy-from-			Discontinued
Year Ended 30 September 2016	Materials		Materials		Waste^(A)			Operations
Sales	$	961.6	$	1,059.1	$	—		$	2,020.7
Cost of sales	521.6		704.5		24.6			1,250.7
Selling and administrative	87.7		76.6		2.8			167.1
Research and development	40.8		19.6		.9			61.3
Other income (expense), net	2.2		4.2		(12.7		)	(6.3		)
Operating Income (Loss)	313.7		262.6		(41.0		)	535.3
Equity affiliates’ income	.2		1.4		—			1.6
Interest expense	.3		—		—			.3
Income (Loss) Before Taxes^(B)	313.6		264.0		(41.0		)	536.6
Income tax provision (benefit)	73.4		80.5		(3.4		)	150.5
Income (Loss) From Operations of Discontinued Operations, net of tax	240.2		183.5		(37.6		)	386.1
Loss on Disposal, net of tax	—		—		(846.6		)	(846.6		)
Income (Loss) From Discontinued Operations, net of tax	240.2		183.5		(884.2		)	(460.5		)
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests of Discontinued Operations	7.9		—		—			7.9
Net Income (Loss) From Discontinued Operations	$	232.3	$	183.5	$	(884.2	)	$	(468.4	)


^(A)	The loss from operations of discontinued operations for EfW primarily relates to project suspension costs, land lease obligations, and administrative costs.


^(B)	In fiscal year 2016, income before taxes from operations of discontinued operations attributable to Air Products was $527.1.



										Total
	Electronic			Performance			Energy-from-			Discontinued
Year Ended 30 September 2015	Materials			Materials			Waste^(A)			Operations
Sales	$	984.1		$	1,086.5		$	—		$	2,070.6
Cost of sales	586.8			754.0			5.1			1,345.9
Selling and administrative	86.4			79.9			2.4			168.7
Research and development	37.5			23.2			1.7			62.4
Other income (expense), net^(B)	(18.5		)	(9.2		)	—			(27.7		)
Operating Income (Loss)	254.9			220.2			(9.2		)	465.9
Equity affiliates’ income	1.0			1.2			—			2.2
Interest expense	.1			.6			—			.7
Income (Loss) Before Taxes^(C)	255.8			220.8			(9.2		)	467.4
Income tax provision (benefit)	49.7			68.4			(2.4		)	115.7
Income (Loss) From Discontinued Operations, net of tax	206.1			152.4			(6.8		)	351.7
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests of Discontinued Operations	7.1			—			—			7.1
Net Income (Loss) From Discontinued Operations	$	199.0		$	152.4		$	(6.8	)	$	344.6


^(A)	The loss from operations of discontinued operations for EfW primarily relates to land lease obligations and administrative costs.


^(B)	Primarily includes business restructuring and cost reduction actions.


^(C)	In fiscal year 2015, income before taxes from operations of discontinued operations attributable to Air Products was $458.9.

The following tables detail the businesses and major line items that comprise assets and liabilities of discontinued operations on the consolidated balance sheets:



					Total
	Performance		Energy-from-		Discontinued
30 September 2017	Materials		Waste		Operations
Assets
Current Assets
Plant and equipment, net	$	—	$	10.2	$	10.2
Total Current Assets	—		10.2		10.2
Total Assets	$	—	$	10.2	$	10.2
Liabilities
Current Liabilities
Payables and accrued liabilities	$	9.2	$	6.5	$	15.7
Total Current Liabilities	9.2		6.5		15.7
Total Liabilities	$	9.2	$	6.5	$	15.7



							Total
	Electronic		Performance		Energy-from-		Discontinued
30 September 2016	Materials		Materials		Waste		Operations
Assets
Current Assets
Cash and cash items	$	170.6	$	37.5	$	—	$	208.1
Trade receivables, net	134.7		159.0		—		293.7
Inventories	138.1		226.8		—		364.9
Plant and equipment, net	—		—		18.2		18.2
Other receivables and current assets	34.5		5.6		1.2		41.3
Total Current Assets	477.9		428.9		19.4		926.2
Plant and equipment, net	296.5		296.5		—		593.0
Goodwill, net	180.0		125.0		—		305.0
Intangible assets, net	75.1		25.0		—		100.1
Other noncurrent assets	37.5		6.7		—		44.2
Total Noncurrent Assets	589.1		453.2		—		1,042.3
Total Assets	$	1,067.0	$	882.1	$	19.4	$	1,968.5
Liabilities
Current Liabilities
Payables and accrued liabilities	$	85.8	$	72.5	$	19.0	$	177.3
Accrued income taxes	22.7		6.0		—		28.7
Current portion of long-term debt	5.8		—		—		5.8
Total Current Liabilities	114.3		78.5		19.0		211.8
Long-term debt	981.8		—		—		981.8
Deferred income taxes	50.3		6.4		—		56.7
Other noncurrent liabilities	47.4		9.6		—		57.0
Total Noncurrent Liabilities	1,079.5		16.0		—		1,095.5
Total Liabilities	$	1,193.8	$	94.5	$	19.0	$	1,307.3