10-K 1 d10k.htm FORM 10-K Form 10-K
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-K

 

 

 

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007

OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission file number 1-4694

 

 

R. R. DONNELLEY & SONS COMPANY

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   36-1004130
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

111 South Wacker Drive,

Chicago, Illinois

  60606
(Address of principal executive offices)   (ZIP Code)

Registrant’s telephone number—(312) 326-8000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each Class

 

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock (Par Value $1.25)

  New York and Chicago Stock Exchanges

 

 

Indicated by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  þ    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to the filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  þ    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

 

 

Large accelerated filer  þ   Accelerated filer  ¨   Non-accelerated filer  ¨
(Do not check if a
smaller reporting company)
  Smaller reporting company ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  þ

The aggregate market value of the shares of common stock (based on the closing price of these shares on the New York Stock Exchange—Composite Transactions) on June 29, 2007, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, held by nonaffiliates was $9,576,608,172.

As of February 20, 2008, 214,860,181 shares of common stock were outstanding.

Documents Incorporated By Reference

Portions of the Registrant’s proxy statement related to its annual meeting of stockholders scheduled to be held on May 28, 2008 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

    

Form 10-K
Item No.

  

Name of Item

   Page
Part I         
   Item 1.   

Business

   3
   Item 1A.   

Risk Factors

   9
   Item 1B.   

Unresolved Staff Comments

   12
   Item 2.   

Properties

   12
   Item 3.   

Legal Proceedings

   12
   Item 4.   

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

   13
     

Executive Officers of R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company

   14
Part II         
   Item 5.   

Market for R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

   15
   Item 6.   

Selected Financial Data

   17
   Item 7.   

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

   18
   Item 7A.   

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

   45
   Item 8.   

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

   46
   Item 9.   

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

   46
   Item 9A.   

Controls and Procedures

   46
   Item 9B.   

Other Information

   49
Part III         
   Item 10.   

Directors and Executive Officers of R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company and Corporate Governance

   50
   Item 11.   

Executive Compensation

   50
   Item 12.   

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

   50
   Item 13.   

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence

   52
   Item 14.   

Principal Accounting Fees and Services

   52
Part IV         
   Item 15.   

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

   53
     

Signatures

   54

 

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PART I

 

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Company overview

R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company (“RR Donnelley,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our”) is the world’s premier full-service provider of print and related services, including business process outsourcing. Founded more than 140 years ago, the Company provides products and solutions in commercial printing, direct mail, financial printing, print fulfillment, labels, forms, logistics, call centers, transactional print-and-mail, print management, online services, digital photography, color services, and content and database management to customers in the publishing, healthcare, advertising, retail, technology, financial services and many other industries. The largest companies in the world and others rely on RR Donnelley’s scale, scope and insight through a comprehensive range of online tools, variable printing services and market-specific solutions.

Business acquisitions

 

On February 27, 2008, the Company signed a definitive agreement to acquire Pro Line Printing, Inc. (“Pro Line”), a multi-facility, privately held producer of newspaper inserts headquartered in Irving, Texas. The all cash deal is subject to customary closing conditions.

On December 27, 2007, the Company acquired Cardinal Brands, Inc. (“Cardinal Brands”), a designer, developer and manufacturer of document-related business, consumer and hobby products. Cardinal Brands has manufacturing operations in the United States, Mexico and the United Kingdom. Cardinal Brands’ operations are included in the U.S. Print and Related Services segment.

On May 16, 2007, the Company acquired Von Hoffmann, a leading U.S.-based printer of books and other products that serves primarily the education, trade and business-to-business catalog sectors, from Visant Corporation. Von Hoffmann’s operations are included in the U.S. Print and Related Services segment.

On January 24, 2007, the Company acquired Perry Judd’s Holdings Incorporated (“Perry Judd’s”), a printer of magazines and catalogs with long- and short-run capabilities for producing consumer and business-to-business catalogs as well as consumer, trade and association magazines. Perry Judd’s operations are included in the U.S. Print and Related Services segment.

On January 9, 2007, the Company acquired Banta Corporation (“Banta”), a provider of comprehensive printing and digital imaging solutions to leading publishers and direct marketers, including digital content management and e-business services. Additionally, Banta provided a wide range of procurement management and other outsourcing capabilities to the world’s largest technology companies. Banta’s operations are included in the U.S. Print and Related Services segment with the exception of its Global Turnkey Solutions operations, which are included in the International segment.

On April 27, 2006, the Company acquired OfficeTiger Holdings, Inc. (“OfficeTiger”), a leading provider of integrated business process outsourcing services through its operations in North America, Europe, India, the Philippines and Sri Lanka. OfficeTiger’s transaction processing services were closely related and complementary to the Company’s pre-existing business process outsourcing resources. OfficeTiger’s operations are included in the International segment.

On June 20, 2005, the Company acquired The Astron Group (“Astron”), a leader in providing business process outsourcing services, including transactional print, statement printing, direct mail and print management services primarily in the United Kingdom. During the fourth quarter of 2005, the Company acquired Critical Mail Continuity Services, Limited (“CMCS”), a United Kingdom based provider of disaster recovery, business continuity, digital printing, and print-and-mail services. The Company ended its use of the Astron trade name in the fourth quarter of 2006 and the business was renamed RR Donnelley Global Document Solutions (“Global Document Solutions”). Global Document Solutions, including CMCS, is reported in the International segment.

 

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Also during 2005, the Company completed several additional acquisitions to expand and enhance its capabilities in key industry sectors and geographies. Asia Printers Group Ltd. (“Asia Printers”) is a book printer for North American, European and Asian markets under the South China Printing brand and is a financial printer in Hong Kong under the Roman Financial Press brand. Poligrafia S.A. (“Poligrafia”) is a printer of magazines, catalogs, retail inserts and books in Poland. The Company also acquired Spencer Press, Inc. (“Spencer”), a Wells, Maine based printer serving the catalog, retail and direct mail markets, and the Charlestown, Indiana print operations of Adplex-Rhodes (“Charlestown”), a producer of tabloid-sized retail inserts. The operations of Spencer and Charlestown are included in the U.S. Print and Related Services segment. Asia Printers’ and Poligrafia’s operations are included in the International segment.

Discontinued operations

In December 2005, the Company sold its Peak Technologies business (“Peak”). For all years presented, this business has been classified as a discontinued operation in the consolidated financial statements and all prior periods have been reclassified to conform to this presentation.

Segment descriptions

The Company operates primarily in the commercial print portion of the printing industry, with related product and service offerings designed to offer customers complete solutions for communicating their messages to target audiences.

During the second quarter of 2007, the Company unified its printing and related services offering under the single RR Donnelley brand. During the third quarter of 2007, management changed the Company’s reportable segments to reflect changes in the management reporting structure of the organization and the manner in which the chief operating decision maker regularly assesses information for decision-making purposes, including the allocation of resources. The revised reporting structure includes two segments: “U.S. Print and Related Services” and “International.” All prior periods have been reclassified to conform to this current reporting structure. The Company’s segments and their product and service offerings are summarized below:

U.S. Print and Related Services

The U.S. Print and Related Services segment includes the Company’s U.S. printing operations, managed as one integrated platform, along with related logistics, premedia and print-management services. This segment’s products and related service offerings include magazines, catalogs, retail inserts, books, directories, commercial printing, financial printing, variable printing, forms, labels, office products, premedia, digital solutions and logistics services. Variable printing products include direct mailings and statement printing. Digital solution services include online services, digital photography, color services, content management, and database management.

The U.S. Print and Related Services segment accounted for approximately 74% of the Company’s consolidated net sales in 2007.

International

The International segment includes the Company’s non-U.S. printing operations in Asia, Europe, Latin America and Canada. Additionally, this segment includes the Company’s business process outsourcing and Global Turnkey Solutions operations. Business process outsourcing provides transactional print and outsourcing services, statement printing, print management and direct mail services through its operations in Europe, Asia and North America. Global Turnkey Solutions provides outsourcing capabilities including product configuration, customized kitting and order fulfillment for technology, medical device, and retail companies around the world through its operations in Europe and North America.

The International segment accounted for approximately 26% of the Company’s consolidated net sales in 2007.

 

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Corporate

Corporate consists of unallocated general and administrative activities and associated expenses including, in part, executive, legal, finance, information technology, human resources and certain facility costs. In addition, certain costs and earnings of employee benefit plans, primarily components of net pension and post-retirement benefits expense other than service cost, are included in Corporate and not allocated to operating segments.

Financial and other information related to these segments is included in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and in Note 19, Segment Information, to the consolidated financial statements. Additional information related to the Company’s international operations is included in Note 20, Geographic Area and Product Information, to the consolidated financial statements.

Competition and strategy

The print and related services environment is highly competitive and in general tends to have excess capacity. Despite some recent consolidation, the printing industry remains large and highly fragmented, with large diversified printing companies better positioned to be successful. The industry is projecting only modest growth over the next several years. Across the Company’s range of products and services, competition is based primarily on price, in addition to quality and the ability to service the special needs of customers. In part driven by consolidation among customers, competition is becoming more focused on the total cost of printed products, including materials and distribution. The Company expects competition in most sectors served by the Company to remain intense in coming years. In this environment, the Company expects to maintain or enhance earnings through productivity initiatives and by optimizing capacity utilization.

Technological changes, including the electronic distribution of documents and data and the online distribution and hosting of media content, advances in digital printing, print-on-demand, and internet technologies continue to impact the market for the Company’s products and services. The Company seeks to leverage distinctive capabilities to improve its customers’ communications, whether in paper form or through electronic communications. The Company’s goal remains to help its customers succeed by delivering effective and targeted communications in the right format to the right audiences at the right time. Management believes that with the Company’s competitive strengths, including its broad range of complementary print-related services, strong logistics capabilities, technology leadership, depth of management experience, customer relationships and economies of scale, the Company has developed and can further develop valuable, differentiated solutions for its customers.

The Company seeks to leverage its position and size to drive profitable growth. The Company continues to enhance its products and services through the successful integration of acquisitions that create additional scale advantages and offer both increased breadth and depth of products and services. To attain its productivity goals, the Company has implemented a number of strategic initiatives to reduce its overall cost structure and improve the efficiency of its operations. These initiatives include the restructuring and integration of operations, leveraging the Company’s global infrastructure, streamlining administrative and support activities, integrating common systems and the disposing of non-core operations. Future initiatives could include the reorganization of operations and the consolidation of facilities. Implementing such initiatives may result in future restructuring or impairment charges, which may be substantial. Management also reviews its operations on a regular basis to balance appropriate risks and opportunities to maximize efficiencies and to support the Company’s long-term strategic growth goals.

Seasonality

Advertising and consumer spending trends affect demand in several of the end-markets served by the Company. Historically, demand for printing of magazines, catalogs, retail inserts and books is higher in the second half of the year driven by increased advertising pages within magazines, and holiday catalog, retail inserts

 

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and book volumes. Compared to 2006, the Company had a slightly higher impact from seasonal increases in sales volume in 2007, primarily due to its recent acquisitions. The Company expects a slightly lower impact from seasonal increases in sales volume in 2008, due to targeted improvements in capacity utilization during non-peak periods.

Raw materials

The primary raw materials the Company uses in its print businesses are paper and ink. The Company negotiates with leading suppliers to maximize its purchasing efficiencies, uses a wide variety of grades and formats and does not rely on any one supplier. In addition, a substantial amount of paper used by the Company is supplied directly by customers. The cost and supply of certain paper grades used in the manufacturing process may continue to affect the Company’s consolidated financial results. During 2007, the Company was able to satisfy its paper requirements without interruption, despite tightening supplies for certain paper grades. While prices for certain paper grades used by the Company increased during 2007, the overall paper price environment was mixed. Customers directly absorb the impact of increasing prices on customer-supplied paper. With respect to paper purchased by the Company, the Company has historically been able to raise its prices to cover a substantial portion of paper cost increases. Contractual arrangements and industry practice should support the Company’s continued ability to pass on paper price increases to a large extent, but there is no assurance that market conditions will continue to enable the Company to successfully do so. In addition, management believes that the paper supply is tightening, and there may be shortfalls in supplies necessary to meet the demands of the entire marketplace. Higher paper prices and tight paper supplies may have an impact on customers’ demand for printed products.

The Company continues to monitor the impact of changes in the price of crude oil and other energy costs. The Company believes it will continue to be able to pass on a substantial portion of increases in fuel prices directly to its logistics customers in order to offset the impact of these increases. However, in some cases, the Company cannot pass on the impact of higher energy prices on its manufacturing costs, and increases in energy prices have resulted in higher costs for certain of the Company’s operations. The Company cannot predict the impact that possible future energy price increases may have upon either future operating costs or customer demand and the related impact either will have on the Company’s consolidated annual results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

Distribution

The Company’s products are distributed to end-users through the U.S. or foreign postal services, through retail channels, or by direct shipment to customer facilities. Through its logistics services, the Company manages distribution of most customer products printed by the Company in the U.S. and Canada to maximize efficiency and reduce costs for customers.

Postal costs are a significant component of many customers’ cost structures and postal rate changes can influence the number of direct mail pieces that the Company’s customers are willing to mail. In December 2006, the United States Congress passed the Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act (“the Act”). The Act provides a mechanism for controlling pricing that will replace a lengthy rate-setting process with more predictable, manageable price adjustments, held at or below the rate of inflation with a cap tied to the consumer price index. This new pricing mechanism has been established by the Postal Regulatory Commission and the next rate increase will be filed under this provision. A postal rate increase went into effect on May 14, 2007 that was prior to the effective date of the Act. Additionally, a postal rate increase will become effective in the second quarter of 2008, based on the new pricing process developed under the Act. As a leading provider of print logistics and the largest mailer of standard mail in the United States, the Company works closely with the U.S. Postal Service and its customers on programs to minimize costs and ensure the viability of postal distribution. While the Company does not absorb the impact of higher postal rates, demand for products distributed through the U.S. or foreign postal services may be impacted by changes in the postal rates.

 

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Customers

For each of the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, no customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s consolidated net sales.

Research and Development

The Company has a research facility in Grand Island, New York that supports the development and implementation of new technologies to meet customer needs and improve operating efficiencies. The Company’s cost for research and development activities is not material to the Company’s consolidated annual results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

Environmental Compliance

The Company’s overriding objective in the environmental area is to maintain compliance with laws and regulations. While it is not possible to quantify with certainty the potential impact of actions regarding environmental matters, particularly remediation and other compliance efforts that the Company may undertake in the future, in the opinion of management, compliance with the present environmental protection laws, before taking into account estimated recoveries from third parties, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated annual results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

Employees

As of December 31, 2007, the Company had approximately 65,000 employees.

Available Information

We maintain an Internet website at www.rrdonnelley.com where our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports are available without charge, as soon as reasonably practicable following the time they are filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The Principles of Corporate Governance of the Company’s Board of Directors, the charters of the Audit, Human Resources and Corporate Responsibility & Governance Committees of the Board of Directors and the Company’s Principles of Ethical Business Conduct are also available on the Investor Relations portion of www.rrdonnelley.com, and will be provided, free of charge, to any shareholder who requests a copy. References to the Company’s website address do not constitute incorporation by reference of the information contained on the website, and the information contained on the website is not part of this document.

In June 2007, the Company submitted to the New York Stock Exchange a certificate of the Chief Executive Officer of the Company certifying that he is not aware of any violation by the Company of New York Stock Exchange corporate governance listing standards. The Company also filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006 certificates of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer as required under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

We have made forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of the Company. Generally, forward-looking statements include information concerning possible or assumed future actions, events, or results of operations of the Company.

These statements may include, or be preceded or followed by, the words “may,” “will,” “should,” “might,” “could,” “potential,” “possible,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “hope” or similar expressions. The Company claims the protection of the Safe Harbor for Forward-Looking Statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 for all forward-looking statements.

 

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Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. The following important factors, in addition to those discussed elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, could affect the future results of the Company and could cause those results or other outcomes to differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements:

 

   

successful execution and integration of acquisitions and the performance of the Company’s operations following the acquisitions of Astron, Asia Printers, Poligrafia, Spencer Press, Charlestown, CMCS, OfficeTiger, Banta, Perry Judd’s, Von Hoffmann, Cardinal Brands and Pro Line successful negotiation of future acquisitions and the ability of the Company to integrate operations successfully and achieve enhanced earnings or effect cost savings;

 

   

the ability to implement comprehensive plans for the integration of sales forces, cost containment, asset rationalization, system integration and other key strategies;

 

   

the ability to divest non-core businesses;

 

   

future growth rates in the Company’s core businesses;

 

   

competitive pressures in all markets in which the Company operates;

 

   

factors that affect customer demand, including changes in postal rates and regulations, changes in the capital markets that affect demand for financial printing, changes in advertising markets, the rate of migration from paper-based forms to digital formats, customers’ budgetary constraints, and customers’ changes in short-range and long-range plans;

 

   

the ability to gain customer acceptance of the Company’s new products and technologies;

 

   

the ability to secure and defend intellectual property rights and, when appropriate, license required technology;

 

   

customer expectations;

 

   

performance issues with key suppliers;

 

   

changes in the availability or costs of key materials (such as ink, paper and fuel);

 

   

the ability to generate cash flow or obtain financing to fund growth;

 

   

the effect of inflation, changes in currency exchange rates and changes in interest rates;

 

   

the effect of changes in laws and regulations, including changes in accounting standards, trade, tax, environmental compliance, health and welfare benefits, price controls and other regulatory matters and the cost of complying with these laws and regulations;

 

   

contingencies related to actual or alleged environmental contamination;

 

   

the retention of existing, and continued attraction of additional, customers and key employees;

 

   

the effect of a material breach of security of any of the Company’s systems;

 

   

the effect of labor disruptions or labor shortages;

 

   

the effect of economic and political conditions on a regional, national or international basis;

 

   

the possibility of future terrorist activities or the possibility of a future escalation of hostilities in the Middle East or elsewhere;

 

   

the possibility of a regional or global health pandemic outbreak;

 

   

adverse outcomes of pending and threatened litigation; and

 

   

other risks and uncertainties detailed from time to time in the Company’s filings with the SEC.

 

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Because forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions and uncertainties, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Undue reliance should not be placed on such statements, which speak only as of the date of this document or the date of any document that may be incorporated by reference into this document.

Consequently, readers of this Annual Report on Form 10-K should consider these forward-looking statements only as our current plans, estimates and beliefs. We do not undertake to and specifically decline any obligation to publicly release the results of any revisions to these forward-looking statements that may be made to reflect future events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to reflect any new events or any change in conditions or circumstances.

 

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows can be adversely affected by various risks. These risks include, but are not limited to, the principal factors listed below and the other matters set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. You should carefully consider all of these risks.

Risks Relating to the Businesses of the Company

Fluctuations in the costs of paper, ink, energy and other raw materials may adversely impact the Company.

Purchases of paper, ink, other raw materials, and energy represent a large portion of the Company’s costs. Increases in the costs of these inputs may increase the Company’s costs, and the Company may not be able to pass these costs on to customers through higher prices. Increases in the costs of materials may adversely impact our customers’ demand for printing and related services.

The Company may be adversely affected by a decline in the availability of raw materials.

The Company is dependent on the availability of paper, ink, and other raw materials to support its operations. Unforeseen developments in these markets could result in a decrease in the supply of paper, ink or other raw materials and could cause a decline in the Company’s revenues.

The financial condition of our customers may deteriorate.

Many of our customers participate in highly competitive markets, and their financial condition may deteriorate as a result. A decline in the financial condition of our customers could hinder the Company’s ability to collect amounts owed by customers. In addition, such a decline could result in lower demand for the Company’s products and services.

The Company may not be able to improve its operating efficiency rapidly enough to meet market conditions.

Because the markets in which the Company competes are highly competitive, the Company must continue to improve its operating efficiency in order to maintain or improve its profitability. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to do so in the future. In addition, the need to reduce ongoing operating costs may result in significant up-front costs to reduce workforce, close or consolidate facilities, or upgrade equipment and technology.

The Company may be unable to successfully integrate the operations of acquired businesses and may not achieve the cost savings and increased revenues anticipated as a result of these acquisitions.

Achieving the anticipated benefits of acquisitions, including the 2007 acquisitions of Banta, Perry Judd’s, Von Hoffmann and Cardinal Brands and the planned 2008 acquisition of Pro Line, will depend in part upon the Company’s ability to integrate these businesses in an efficient and effective manner. The integration of companies that have previously operated independently

 

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may result in significant challenges, and the Company may be unable to accomplish the integration smoothly or successfully. In particular, the coordination of geographically dispersed organizations with differences in corporate cultures and management philosophies may increase the difficulties of integration. The integration of acquired businesses may also require the dedication of significant management resources, which may temporarily distract management’s attention from the day-to-day operations of the Company. The process of integrating operations may also cause an interruption of, or loss of momentum in, the activities of one or more of the Company’s businesses and the loss of key personnel from the Company or the acquired businesses. Employee uncertainty and lack of focus during the integration process may also disrupt the businesses of the Company or the acquired businesses. The Company’s strategy is, in part, predicated on our ability to realize cost savings and to increase revenues through the acquisition of businesses that add to the breadth and depth of the Company’s products and services. Achieving these cost savings and revenue increases is dependent upon a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. In particular, the Company may not be able to realize the benefits of anticipated integration of sales forces, asset rationalization, systems integration, and more comprehensive product and service offerings.

The Company may be unable to hire and retain talented employees, including management.

The Company’s success depends, in part, on our general ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain highly skilled employees. The loss of a significant number of the Company’s employees or the inability to attract, hire, develop, train and retain additional skilled personnel could have a serious negative effect on the Company. Various locations may encounter competition with other manufacturers for skilled labor. Many of these competitors may be able to offer significantly greater compensation and benefits or more attractive lifestyle choices than the Company offers. In addition, many members of the Company’s management have significant industry experience that is valuable to the Company’s competitors. The Company enters into non-solicitation and, as appropriate, non-competition agreements with its executive officers, prohibiting them contractually from soliciting the Company’s customers and employees and from leaving and joining a competitor within a specified period. If one or more members of our senior management team leave and we cannot replace them with a suitable candidate quickly, we could experience difficulty in managing our business properly, which could harm our business prospects and consolidated results of operations.

Costs to provide health care and other benefits to the Company’s employees and retirees may increase.

The Company provides health care and other benefits to both employees and retirees. In recent years, costs for health care have increased more rapidly than general inflation in the U.S. economy. If this trend in health care costs continues, the Company’s cost to provide such benefits could increase, adversely impacting the Company’s profitability.

There are risks associated with operations outside the United States.

The Company has significant operations outside the United States. Revenues from the Company’s operations outside the United States accounted for approximately 23% of the Company’s consolidated net sales for the year ended December 31, 2007. As a result, the Company is subject to the risks inherent in conducting business outside the United States, including the impact of economic and political instability.

The Company is exposed to significant risks related to potential adverse changes in currency exchange rates.

The Company is exposed to market risks resulting from changes in the currency exchange rates of the currencies in the countries in which it does business. Although operating in local currencies may limit the impact of currency rate fluctuations on the operating results of our non-U.S. subsidiaries, fluctuations in such rates may affect the translation of these results into the Company’s financial statements. To the extent revenues and expenses are not in the applicable local currency, the Company may enter into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge the currency risk. We cannot be sure, however, that the Company’s efforts at hedging will be successful. There is always a possibility that attempts to hedge currency risks will lead to even greater losses than predicted.

 

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A decline in expected profitability of the Company or individual reporting units of the Company could result in the impairment of assets, including goodwill, other long-lived assets and deferred tax assets.

The Company holds material amounts of goodwill, other long-lived assets and deferred tax assets on its balance sheet. A decline in expected profitability, particularly a further decline in our business process outsourcing operations, could call into question the recoverability of our related goodwill, other long-lived assets, or deferred tax assets and require us to write down or write off these assets or, in the case of deferred tax assets, recognize a valuation allowance through a charge to income. Such an occurrence could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial position.

Risks Related to Our Industry

The highly competitive market for the Company’s products and industry consolidation may create adverse pricing pressures.

The markets for the majority of the Company’s product categories are highly fragmented and the Company has a large number of competitors. We believe that excess capacity in the Company’s markets has caused downward pricing pressure and increased competition and that this trend may continue. In addition, consolidation in the markets in which the Company competes may increase competitive pricing pressures.

The substitution of electronic delivery for printed materials may adversely affect our businesses.

Electronic delivery of documents and data, including the online distribution and hosting of media content, offer alternatives to traditional delivery of printed documents. Consumer acceptance of electronic delivery is uncertain, as is the extent to which consumers are replacing traditional reading of print materials with online, hosted media content, and we have no ability to predict the rates of acceptance of these alternatives. To the extent that our customers accept these alternatives, many of our products may be adversely affected.

Changes in the rules and regulations to which the Company is subject may increase the Company’s costs.

The Company is subject to numerous rules and regulations, including, but not limited to, environmental and health and welfare benefit regulations. These rules and regulations may be changed by local, state or federal governments in countries in which the Company operates. Changes in these regulations may result in a significant increase in the Company’s costs to comply. Compliance with changes in rules and regulations could require increases to the Company’s workforce, increased cost for compensation and benefits, or investments in new or upgraded equipment.

Declines in the general economic conditions may adversely impact the Company’s business.

In general, demand for products and services are highly correlated with general economic conditions. Declines in economic conditions in the U.S. or in other countries in which the Company operates may adversely impact the Company’s consolidated financial results. Because such declines in demand are difficult to predict, the Company or the industry may have increased excess capacity as a result. An increase in excess capacity may result in declines in prices for the Company’s products and services. The overall business climate may also be impacted by wars or acts of terrorism. Such acts may have sudden and unpredictable adverse impacts on demand for the Company’s products and services.

Changes in the rules and regulations to which our customers are subject may impact demand for the Company’s products and services.

Many of the Company’s customers are subject to rules and regulations requiring certain printed or electronic communications, governing the form of such communications, and protecting the privacy of consumers. Changes in these regulations may impact our customers’ business practices and could reduce demand for printed products and related services. Changes in such regulations could eliminate the need for certain types of printed communications altogether or such changes may impact the quantity or format of printed communications.

 

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Changes in postal rates and regulations may adversely impact demand for the Company’s products and services.

Postal costs are a significant component of many of our customers’ cost structures and postal rate changes can influence the number of pieces and types of mailings that the Company’s customers mail. Any resulting decline in print volumes mailed could have an adverse effect on the Company’s business.

Changes in the advertising, retail, and capital markets may impact the demand for printing and related services.

Many of the end markets in which our customers compete are experiencing changes due to technological progress and changes in consumer preferences. The Company cannot predict the impact that these changes will have on demand for the Company’s products and services. Such changes may decrease demand, increase pricing pressures, require investment in updated equipment and technology, or cause other adverse impacts to the Company’s business. In addition, the Company must monitor changes in our customers’ markets and develop new solutions to meet customers’ needs. The development of such solutions may be costly, and there is no assurance that these solutions will be accepted by customers.

 

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

The Company has no unresolved written comments from the SEC staff regarding its periodic or current reports under the Exchange Act.

 

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

The Company’s corporate office is located in leased office space in Chicago, Illinois. In addition, as of December 31, 2007, the Company leases or owns 402 U.S. facilities, some of which have multiple buildings and warehouses, and these U.S. facilities encompass approximately 41.5 million square feet. The Company leases or owns 226 international facilities encompassing approximately 9.0 million square feet in Canada, Latin America, South America, Europe, and Asia. Of our U.S. and international facilities, approximately 32.0 million square feet of space is owned, while the remaining 18.5 million square feet of space is leased.

 

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company is subject to laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. We provide for expenses associated with environmental remediation obligations when such amounts are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Such accruals are adjusted as new information develops or circumstances change and are not discounted. We have been designated as a potentially responsible party in eleven federal and state Superfund sites. In addition to the Superfund sites, the Company may also have the obligation to remediate six other previously owned facilities and two other currently owned facilities. At the Superfund sites, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act provides that the Company’s liability could be joint and several, meaning that the Company could be required to pay an amount in excess of its proportionate share of the remediation costs. Our understanding of the financial strength of other potentially responsible parties at the Superfund sites and of other liable parties at the previously owned facilities has been considered, where appropriate, in the determination of the Company’s estimated liability. We have established reserves that we believe to be adequate to cover our share of the potential costs of remediation at each of the Superfund sites and the previously and currently owned facilities. While it is not possible to quantify with certainty the potential impact of actions regarding environmental matters, particularly remediation and other compliance efforts that the Company may undertake in the future, in the opinion of management, compliance with the present environmental protection laws, before taking into account estimated recoveries from third parties, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated annual results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

 

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From time to time, our customers and others file voluntary petitions for reorganization under United States bankruptcy laws. In such cases, certain pre-petition payments received by us could be considered preference items and subject to return to the bankruptcy administrator. Management believes that the final resolution of these preference items will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated annual results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

In addition, the Company is a party to certain litigation arising in the ordinary course of business that, in the opinion of management, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated annual results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

 

ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the three months ended December 31, 2007.

 

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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF R.R. DONNELLEY & SONS COMPANY

 

Name, Age and
Positions with the Company

   Officer
Since
  

Business Experience During
Past Five Years

Thomas J. Quinlan, III

45, President and Chief Executive Officer

   2004    Served as RR Donnelley’s President and Chief Executive Officer since April 2007. Prior to this, served as RR Donnelley’s Group President, Global Services since October 2006 and Chief Financial Officer since April 2006. Prior to this, served as Executive Vice President, Operations since February 2004. Prior to this, served in various capacities at Moore Wallace Incorporated* that included: Executive Vice President—Business Integration since May 2003; Executive Vice President—Office of the Chief Executive from January 2003 until May 2003; and Executive Vice President and Treasurer from December 2000 until December 2002.

Suzanne S. Bettman

43, Executive Vice President, General Counsel, Corporate Secretary & Chief Compliance Officer

   2004    Served as RR Donnelley’s Executive Vice President, General Counsel, Secretary and Chief Compliance Officer since January 2007. Served previously as Senior Vice President, General Counsel since March 2004. Prior to this, served as Group Managing Director, General Counsel of Huron Consulting Group LLC (a financial and operational consulting firm) from September 2002 to February 2004.

Andrew B. Coxhead

39, Senior Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer

   2007    Served as Senior Vice President, Controller since October 2007. Prior to this, served as Vice President, Assistant Controller since September 2006. Prior to this, from 1995 until 2006, served in a series of assignments in financial planning, accounting, manufacturing management, operational finance and mergers and acquisitions.

Dan L. Knotts

43, Executive Vice President,

Group President

   2007    Served as RR Donnelley’s Executive Vice President and Group President since April 2007. Prior to this, served as Chief Operating Officer, Global Print Solutions since January 2007. Prior to this, from 1986 until 2007, served in various capacities with RR Donnelley, including Group Executive Vice President, Operations, Publishing and Retail Services and President, Catalog/Retail/Magazine Solutions, RR Donnelley Print Solutions.

Miles W. McHugh

43, Executive Vice President and

Chief Financial Officer

   2006    Served as RR Donnelley’s Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since October 2007. Prior to this, served as Senior Vice President, Controller since June 2006. Prior to this, served as the Chief Financial Officer of RR Donnelley Logistics since 2004 and as Assistant Controller of RR Donnelley since October 2003. Served previously as Controller for DPL, Inc., parent company of the Dayton Power and Light Company.

John R. Paloian

49, Chief Operating Officer

   2004    Served as RR Donnelley’s Chief Operating Officer since April 2007. Served previously as Group President, Global Print Solutions since March 2004.

 

* Includes service with its predecessor, Moore Corporation Limited

 

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PART II

 

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR R.R. DONNELLEY & SONS COMPANY’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF SECURITIES

RR Donnelley’s common stock is listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the Chicago Stock Exchange.

As of February 15, 2008, there were approximately 9,568 stockholders of record of our common stock. Quarterly prices of the Company’s common stock, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange-Composite Transactions, and dividends paid per share during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, are contained in the chart below:

 

     Dividends Paid    Common Stock Prices
        2007    2006
     2007    2006    High    Low    High    Low

First Quarter

   $ 0.26    $ 0.26    $ 38.71    $ 34.58    $ 34.82    $ 31.05

Second Quarter

     0.26      0.26      44.34      36.52      34.15      29.43

Third Quarter

     0.26      0.26      45.25      32.59      34.85      28.50

Fourth Quarter

     0.26      0.26      40.98      35.01      36.00      32.71

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

 

Period

  (a)
Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased (1)
  (b)
Average
Price Paid
per Share
  (c)
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs (1)
  (d)
Maximum Number
of Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased Under
the Plans or Programs (2)

October 1, 2007–October 31, 2007

  1,000,917   $ 37.42   1,000,000   6,411,900

November 1, 2007–November 30, 2007

  119,494     35.57   119,000   6,292,900

December 1, 2007–December 31, 2007

  52     37.93   —     6,292,900
             

Total

  1,120,463   $ 37.22   1,119,000   6,292,900
             

 

(1) Includes shares withheld for tax liabilities upon vesting of equity awards and shares purchased pursuant to a 10b5-1 plan or pursuant to Rule 10b-18 in the amount set forth in column (c) hereto.
(2) On February 22, 2006, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to 10 million shares of the Company’s common stock through a variety of methods, including open market purchases, block transactions, accelerated share repurchase agreements or private transactions. Following such authorization and prior to July 25, 2007, the Company repurchased 4 million shares. On July 25, 2007, the Board of Directors increased the share repurchase program by 4 million shares, taking the total number of shares authorized for repurchase back to 10 million shares. Subsequent to July 25, 2007 and through December 31, 2007, the Company repurchased approximately 3.7 million shares. As of December 31, 2007, the Company is authorized under the terms of its share repurchase program to repurchase approximately 6.3 million shares. Such purchases may be made from time to time and discontinued at any time. On February 22, 2008, the Board increased the share repurchase program by approximately 3.7 million shares, bringing the total number of shares authorized for repurchase back to 10 million shares.

 

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PEER PERFORMANCE TABLE

The graph below compares five-year returns of the Company’s common stock with those of the S&P 500 Index and a selected peer group of companies. The figures assume all dividends have been reinvested, and assume an initial investment of $100 on December 31, 2002. The returns of each company in the peer group have been weighted to reflect their market capitalizations.

Comparison of Five-Year Cumulative Total Return Among RR Donnelley, S&P 500 Index and Peer Group*

Comparison of Cumulative Five Year Total Return

LOGO

 

* Fiscal Year Ended December 31

 

     Base
Period
Dec 02
   Years Ending

Company Name / Index

      Dec 03    Dec 04    Dec 05    Dec 06    Dec 07

RR Donnelley

   100    144.59    174.85    174.68    187.19    204.29

Standard & Poor’s 500

   100    128.68    142.69    149.70    173.34    182.86

Peer Group

   100    119.82    132.98    120.16    133.11    116.71

Below are the specific companies included in the peer group and the class of stock used if not common stock.

 

Peer Group Companies

    

BOWNE & CO INC

CONSOLIDATED GRAPHICS INC

DELUXE CORP

DOW JONES & CO INC

EW SCRIPPS—CL A

GANNETT CO

GATEHOUSE MEDIA INC

JOURNAL COMMUNICATIONS INC

LEE ENTERPRISES INC

MCCLATCHY CO—CL A

  

MCGRAW-HILL COMPANIES

MEDIA GENERAL—CL A

MEREDITH CORP

NEW YORK TIMES CO—CL A

QUEBECOR WORLD INC—SUB VTG

REUTERS GROUP PLC—ADR

SCHOLASTIC CORP

SUN-TIMES MEDIA GROUP INC

WASHINGTON POST—CL B

WILEY (JOHN) & SONS—CL A

 

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Because our services and customers are so diverse, the Company does not believe that any single published industry index is appropriate for comparing stockholder return. Therefore, the peer group used in the performance graph combines two industry groups identified by Value Line Publishing, Inc., the publishing group (including printing companies) and the newspaper group. The Company itself has been excluded, and its contributions to the indices cited have been subtracted out. Changes in the peer group from year to year result from companies being added to or deleted from the Value Line publishing group or newspaper group.

 

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

(in millions, except per-share data)

 

     2007     2006     2005    2004     2003  

Net sales(1)

   $ 11,587.1     $ 9,316.6     $ 8,430.2    $ 7,156.4     $ 4,182.6  

Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations(1)

     (48.4 )     402.6       95.6      264.9       188.5  

Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations per diluted share(1)

     (0.22 )     1.84       0.44      1.30       1.65  

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

     (0.5 )     (2.0 )     41.5      (80.0 )     (12.0 )

Net earnings (loss)(1)

     (48.9 )     400.6       137.1      178.3       176.5  

Net earnings (loss) per diluted share(1)

     (0.22 )     1.83       0.63      0.88       1.54  

Total assets

     12,086.7       9,635.8       9,373.7      8,553.7       3,203.3  

Long-term debt

     3,601.9       2,358.6       2,365.4      1,581.2       750.4  

Cash dividends per common share

     1.04       1.04       1.04      1.04       1.02  

 

(1) Reflects results of acquisitions from the relevant acquisition dates.

Includes the following significant items:

 

   

For 2007: Pre-tax restructuring and impairment charges of $839.0 million and a tax benefit of $9.3 million from the reduction in net deferred tax liabilities due to a decrease in the statutory tax rate in the United Kingdom;

 

   

For 2006: Pre-tax restructuring and impairment charges of $206.1 million, a write-down of investments in affordable housing of $16.9 million, a gain on sale of investments of $7.0 million, and a tax benefit from the realization of a deferred tax asset of $23.5 million;

 

   

For 2005: Pre-tax restructuring and impairment charges of $419.8 million and acquisition-related charges of $8.3 million;

 

   

For 2004: Pre-tax restructuring and impairment charges of $107.4 million, acquisition-related charges of $80.8 million, a net gain on sale of investments of $14.3 million, a tax benefit of $37.6 million, a write-down of investments in affordable housing of $14.4 million, and a cumulative effect of change in accounting principle of $6.6 million net of tax; and

 

   

For 2003: Pre-tax restructuring and impairment charges of $12.5 million, gain on sale of investments of $5.5 million and a tax benefit of $45.8 million.

 

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion of RR Donnelley’s financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and notes to those statements included in Item 15 of Part IV of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Business

R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company (“RR Donnelley,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our”) is the world’s premier full-service provider of print and related services, including business process outsourcing. Founded more than 140 years ago, the Company provides products and solutions in commercial printing, direct mail, financial printing, print fulfillment, labels, forms, logistics, call centers, transactional print-and-mail, print management, online services, digital photography, color services, and content and database management to customers in the publishing, healthcare, advertising, retail, technology, financial services and many other industries. Variable printing products include direct mailings and statement printing. Digital solutions services include online services, digital photography, color services, content management, and database management.

The largest companies in the world and others rely on RR Donnelley’s scale, scope and insight through a comprehensive range of online tools, variable printing services and market—specific solutions.

The Company operates primarily in the commercial print portion of the printing industry, with related product and service offerings designed to offer customers complete solutions for communicating their messages to target audiences. During the second quarter of 2007, the Company unified its printing and related services offering under the single RR Donnelley brand. During the third quarter of 2007, management changed the Company’s reportable segments to reflect changes in the management reporting structure of the organization and the manner in which the chief operating decision maker regularly assesses information for decision-making purposes, including the allocation of resources. The revised reporting structure includes two segments: “U.S. Print and Related Services” and “International.”

The U.S. Print and Related Services segment includes the Company’s U.S. printing operations, managed as one integrated platform, along with related logistics, premedia and print-management services. This segment’s products and related service offerings include magazines, catalogs, retail inserts, books, directories, financial printing, direct mail, forms, labels, office products, premedia and logistics services.

The International segment includes the Company’s non-U.S. printing operations in Asia, Europe, Latin America and Canada. Additionally, this segment includes the Company’s business process outsourcing and Global Turnkey Solutions operations. Business process outsourcing provides transactional printing and outsourcing services, statement printing, direct mail and print management services through its operations in Europe, Asia and North America. Global Turnkey Solutions provides outsourcing capabilities including product configuration, customized kitting and order fulfillment for technology and medical device companies around the world through its operations in Europe and North America.

 

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Executive Overview

2007 FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

The changes in the Company’s income from continuing operations, operating margin, net earnings (loss) and net earnings (loss) per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2007, from the year ended December 31, 2006, were primarily due to the following:

 

     Income
from
continuing
operations

(in millions)
    Operating
margin
    Net
earnings

(loss)
(in millions)
    Net
earnings
(loss)
per
diluted share
 

For the year ended December 31, 2006

   $ 750.7     8.1 %   $ 400.6     $ 1.83  

2007 restructuring and impairment charges

     (839.0 )   (7.2 %)     (702.9 )     (3.22 )

2006 restructuring and impairment charges

     206.1     2.2 %     172.9       0.79  

Non-recurring tax benefits

     —       —         (14.2 )     (0.07 )

Discontinued operations

     —       —         1.5       0.01  

Operations

     197.3     (0.4 %)     93.2       0.44  
                              

For the year ended December 31, 2007

   $ 315.1     2.7 %   $ (48.9 )   $ (0.22 )
                              

2007 restructuring and impairment charges: included a non-cash pre-tax charge of $316.1 million reflecting the write-off of the Moore Wallace, OfficeTiger and other trade names; $436.1 million non-cash charge for impairment of goodwill related to the business process outsourcing reporting unit; pretax charges of $49.3 million for employee termination costs, substantially all of which were associated with restructuring actions resulting from the reorganization of certain operations and the exiting of certain business activities; $11.1 million of other restructuring costs, including lease termination costs; and $26.4 million for impairment of other long-lived assets.

2006 restructuring and impairment charges: included a $110.0 million non-cash charge for impairment of goodwill related to the business process outsourcing reporting unit, pre-tax charges of $54.1 million for employee termination costs, substantially all of which were associated with restructuring actions resulting from the reorganization of certain operations and the exiting of certain business activities; $11.1 million of other restructuring costs, primarily lease termination costs; and $30.9 million of impairment charges of which $26.3 million reflects the write-down of the Astron trade name intangible asset.

Non-recurring tax benefits: reflected a benefit of $9.3 million in 2007 from a reduction in net deferred tax liabilities due to a decrease in the statutory tax rate in the United Kingdom and a $23.5 million benefit in 2006 from the realization of a U.S. deferred tax asset.

Discontinued operations: reflected certain costs related to a facility previously occupied by the Company’s package logistics business, including costs resulting from a sub-lessee bankruptcy in 2006.

Operations: reflected higher operating income in the U.S. Print and Related Services segment, primarily driven by the Banta, Perry Judd’s and Von Hoffmann acquisitions and improved results in financial print and book sales, higher volume and productivity, and improved operating income in the International segment which was primarily driven by book production in Asia, partially offset by higher interest expense. See further details in the review of operating results by segment that follows below.

Successes

During 2007, the Company unified most of its printing and related services offerings under the single RR Donnelley brand. The renaming reflects the Company’s ability to provide fully integrated single-source solutions that span a complete range of printing and service capabilities while allowing its customers the ability to access RR Donnelley’s global resources. In addition, the Company successfully integrated its acquisitions of Banta, Perry Judd’s and Von Hoffmann under this global platform. The unified platform and integration of its acquisitions have expanded the Company’s flexibility to serve customer needs and achieve productivity and scale across most of its operations.

 

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Sales increases were achieved in both segments despite the continuing impact of competitive price pressure. In the U.S. Print and Related Services segment, the sales increases were driven by acquisitions and increased sales of financial print, books, and logistics services. Increased sales of financial print were driven by capital markets transactions and global investment company compliance. Net sales of financial print increased in 2007 despite the global credit market turmoil. The Company’s global diversified financial print product mix helped mitigate the impact of the capital markets uncertainty during the second half of 2007. Book sales increased reflecting higher volume in educational books. Sales of print logistics services increased reflecting volume growth in domestic print sales. Internationally, net sales improved due to gains in book production in China mainly for the U.S. and European markets, as well as continued growth with telecommunications and technology customers and due to increased sales of forms, labels, commercial print and statement printing due to volume growth from existing customers.

The Company also continued to achieve productivity benefits resulting from restructuring actions, investments in equipment and technology, and procurement savings. These productivity savings continued to largely offset the impacts of price competition and cost inflation. During 2007, the Company was able to achieve significant cost savings through the integration of the Banta, Perry Judd’s and Von Hoffmann acquisitions. By the fourth quarter, most cost reductions resulting from this integration were executed, and these savings are expected to benefit margins in 2008.

Net cash flow from operating activities of continuing operations was $1.2 billion for the year ended December 31, 2007, an increase of 30.2% over 2006 due to the Company’s growth and productivity and a focus on working capital management. Cash flows from operations enabled the Company to invest $482.0 million in capital purchases, and repurchase 2.9 million shares during the year, net of shares issued to satisfy employee stock option exercises.

Challenges

Sales from the business process outsourcing operations for 2007 exceeded such sales for 2006; however, operating margins for these operations declined in 2007 as compared to 2006. The lower operating margins were primarily the result of costs associated with the start-up of a large customer contract. Additionally, within our Global Document Solutions group, the loss of volume and lower prices on significant customers’ transactional print and mail products resulted in the lower operating margins. In the fourth quarter of 2007, the Company recorded a non-cash charge for impairment of goodwill of $436.1 million to reflect a reduction in the fair value of these operations based on lower expectations for growth and profitability. The Company expects to face continued challenges in these operations, including increased price pressure and competition for high volume contracts.

Net sales of statement printing included in the U.S. Print and Related Services segment declined in 2007 as compared to 2006. The decline was mainly caused by customer losses and volume declines. Net sales of statement printing declined at a slower rate in the third and fourth quarters as compared to the first and second quarters in 2007. Management sought to offset the impact of these sales declines through refocused sales efforts and cost control initiatives.

Net sales of directories, included in the U.S. Print and Related Services segment, declined in 2007 as compared to 2006. This decline is due to price reductions on contract renewals, timing of new contracts and the wind down of lost business. Management sought to offset the impact of these sales declines through cost control initiatives.

Net sales of direct mail, included in the U.S. Print and Related Services segment, declined in 2007 as compared to 2006. The decline was attributed to lower volumes primarily in the financial and retail markets due to turmoil in the credit card market and the U.S. postal rate increase that became effective in the second quarter of 2007. The declines were partially offset by increased volumes in non-profit sales.

 

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On May 14, 2007, new postage rates went into effect for all mail classes in the United States under Postal Rate Case 2006-1, with the exception of the periodicals class, which went into effect on July 15, 2007. The new rates substantially increased the cost of standard mail, which is a significant component of many of our customers’ cost structures. During the year ended December 31, 2007, this cost increase impacted volume and formats within our direct mail and statement printing sales in the U.S. Print and Related Services segment. The impact of the postal increases on volume was less significant in magazine, retail, catalog and logistics services in the U.S. Print and Related Services segment; however, postal rate changes did drive increased demand for commingling services within these operations. The Company has invested in equipment and technology to meet this demand and has developed innovative products and services to minimize customers’ postal costs.

OUTLOOK

Vision and Strategy

RR Donnelley’s vision is to improve on our existing position as the world’s premier printing and print-related services company by providing our customers with the highest quality products and services.

The Company’s strategy is focused on maximizing long-term shareholder value by driving profitable growth, continuing our focus on productivity, and acquiring and integrating complementary businesses. To increase shareholder value, the Company pursues three major strategic objectives. These objectives are summarized below, along with more specific areas of focus.

 

Strategic Objective

  

Focus Areas

  

2008 Priorities

Profitable growth

  

—Targeted capital investments

—Integration of sales force

—Focus on core print operations

  

—Capture segment share

—Optimize platform utilization

—Leverage existing relationships

—Increase sales to existing customers

Productivity

  

—Disciplined cost management

—Productivity-focused investment plans

—Streamline and standardize processes

  

—Leverage scale to optimize

        procurement

—Streamline sales and operations

—Leverage global capabilities

Targeted mergers and acquisitions

  

—Deepen customer relationships

—Utilize strong financial position and

        drive economies of scale

—Disciplined due diligence and financial

        analysis

  

—Integrate recent acquisitions

—Capture synergies

—Meet changing customer demands

To generate profitable growth, the Company will continue to make targeted capital investments to support new business and leverage its global platform. The Company is also working to more fully integrate its sales efforts to broaden customer relationships and meet our customer’s demands. The Company will continue to seek to provide for a larger portion of our customers’ print and related needs in order to capture segment share. In 2007 and prior years the Company made significant investments directed at improving the competitiveness of the Company’s manufacturing platform. In addition to supporting growth, this investment has enhanced the platform through new technology that better meets customer needs and improves operating efficiency. The Company’s global platform provides differentiated solutions for its customers through its broad range of complementary print-related services, strong logistics capabilities, and technology leadership.

Management believes productivity improvement and cost reduction are critical to the Company’s competitiveness while enhancing the value the Company delivers to its customers. The Company has implemented strategic initiatives to reduce its overall cost structure and improve operating efficiency including the restructuring, reorganization and integration of operations, and streamlining of administrative and support activities.

 

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Targeted acquisitions are another important component of the Company’s strategy to extend its capabilities and its industry leadership. The Company acquired Banta, Perry Judd’s, Von Hoffmann and Cardinal Brands in 2007 to offer customers greater capacity and flexibility, and further secure the Company’s position as a leader in the industry. The Company continues to successfully integrate these acquisitions, which should drive cost savings and reduce future capital spending needs.

The Company uses several key indicators to gauge progress towards achieving these objectives. These indicators include net sales growth, operating margins, cash flow from operations and capital expenditures. The Company targets long-term net sales growth at or above industry levels, while achieving modest growth in operating margins. Combined with working capital management, this growth is expected to drive increases in cash flow from operations.

Industry Environment

The Company faces many challenges and risks as a result of competing in highly competitive global markets. Item 1A, Risk Factors, discusses many of these issues, but the Company’s strategy is primarily focused on meeting the challenges of industry-wide price competition and the advancement of technology.

Overcapacity and pricing environment

The print and related services industry in general continues to have excess capacity and remains highly competitive. Across the Company’s operations, many competitors rely on price as a key competitive lever. Management expects that prices for the Company’s products and services will therefore continue to be a focal point for customers in coming years. In this environment, the Company believes it needs to continue to lower its cost structure and focus on differentiating itself in its core print and related services. While the industry environment has been difficult for a number of years, the Company has demonstrated its ability to maintain and enhance margins through productivity and by offering higher-value products and services.

Technology

Technological changes, such as the electronic distribution of documents and data, online distribution and hosting of media content, advances in digital printing, print-on-demand, and internet technologies continue to impact the market for the Company’s products and services. As a substitute for print, the impact of these technologies has been felt mainly in forms and statement printing, as electronic communication and transaction technology has eliminated or devalued the role of many traditional paper forms. The future impact of technology on the Company’s business is difficult to predict and could result in additional expenditures to restructure impacted operations or develop new technologies.

While new technologies present significant challenges to certain of the Company’s traditional products, management believes that the Company is a leader in key technologies that, as customers continue to shift towards customized and higher-valued-added print, will be valuable sources of industry growth. These technologies include digital content management and premedia services, digital print for personalization and print-on-demand, and low-cost document process management. In addition, the ability to offer compliance assurance and secure environments for print is increasingly important to customers. While the majority of the Company’s capital expenditures fund acquisitions of traditional printing machinery, the Company continues to focus a higher proportion of its investments in digital technologies in order to capitalize on these opportunities.

Fiscal Year 2008 Outlook

In fiscal 2008, the Company expects net sales to increase over fiscal 2007. The highly competitive market conditions continue to put pressure on prices; however, we expect to more than offset these price pressures

 

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through increased volume and incremental sales from the 2007 acquisitions. We anticipate further consolidation of printers, customers and suppliers during 2008, which may result in continued price pressures and increased raw material costs. We will continue to leverage the “One RR Donnelley” platform and powerful customer relationships in order to provide a larger share of our customers’ print and related needs. Rising paper, ink, and energy costs are expected for 2008 and may impact our margins. However, we expect to offset this impact by realizing cost savings from further integration of our recent acquisitions and continuing to drive improved manufacturing productivity. The Company also expects to maintain most corporate overhead costs at current levels, while increasing its investment in information technology projects that facilitate integration or improve productivity.

U.S. Print and Related Services

Sales in U.S. Print and Related Services are expected to increase moderately in 2008 driven primarily by the incremental sales resulting from the Von Hoffmann and Cardinal Brands acquisitions. Excluding the impact of acquisitions, net sales are expected to increase across most product and service offerings, with the most significant increases in forms and labels, commercial print, financial print and logistics services. Forms and labels sales are expected to increase due to volume growth from new and existing customers, despite the impact of continued price pressure. We plan to grow commercial print volume by leveraging relationships with existing customers. Sales of financial print services are expected to continue to improve in 2008 following a record year in 2007, but are dependent on continued strength in capital markets transactions. Further worsening of the tight credit environment or continued economic uncertainty could result in a lower number of such transactions and a decline in financial print sales. Net sales of logistics services are expected to increase, driven by the high growth in mail center and commingling services increases due to an additional postal rate change effective in the second quarter of 2008. This postal increase, however, may dampen demand for direct mail, statement, catalog and magazine printing. Book sales are expected to increase due to the full-year impact of the acquisition of Von Hoffmann and higher volume in educational books. Net sales of directories are expected to decline further in 2008 as volume growth from new contracts is more than offset by price reductions.

Despite the continuing impacts of competitive price pressure and higher materials and energy prices, the Company expects U.S. Print and Related Services operating income to increase from 2007, at a rate higher than the increase in net sales. The expected increase in operating margin should result from cost savings achieved through the Company’s productivity initiatives and integration of the 2007 acquisitions. In addition, the Company expects continued benefits from its efforts to optimize the utilization of the Company’s global platform and minimize distribution costs.

International

The net sales growth rate in the International segment is expected to moderate from the rate achieved in 2007. The slowing growth rate primarily reflects a reduction for the 2007 growth attributable to the Company’s acquisitions, as well as the impact of favorable foreign exchange rates in 2007. The Company expects continued growth in Asia from book production for international markets and demand for telecommunications and technology manuals. Commercial print volume in Europe is expected to grow and overcome pricing pressure on technology manuals and directories. Increases in medical device production are expected to drive growth in Global Turnkey Solutions. Forms, labels, and variable print are expected to drive continued volume growth in both Latin America and Canada during 2008. Growth in business process outsourcing is expected to decelerate due to slowing volume and continued price pressure, particularly in statement printing.

The Company expects the International operating income to increase at a rate slightly more than net sales in 2008, driven by increased volume and productivity efforts. The pricing pressures expected in the European market are expected to be offset by productivity initiatives and restructuring actions to lower the cost structure of operations in Asia, business process outsourcing and Global Turnkey Solutions.

 

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Other

The effective tax rate in 2008 is expected to be more reflective of the applicable statutory rates compared to the 2007 rate that was impacted by the non-deductible, non-cash $436.1 million goodwill impairment charge and $9.3 million tax benefit resulting from the decrease in the statutory tax rate in the United Kingdom. Weighted average shares outstanding are expected to decline due to the full year impact of the 2007 share repurchases, which will be partially offset by shares issued to satisfy employee stock option exercises. Capital expenditures are expected to decrease as the Company’s investments in acquisitions and capital expenditures in 2007 and prior years have satisfied the capacity requirements and allowed for reduced capital expenditures in future years. Interest paid in 2008 is expected to increase due to the full year impact of interest due on the $1.25 billion notes issued in January 2007 to pay a portion of the purchase price of Banta and Perry Judd’s.

Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) has defined a company’s most critical accounting policies as those that are most important to the portrayal of its financial condition and results of operations, and which require the company to make its most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain. Based on this definition, the Company has identified the following critical accounting policies and judgments. Although management believes that its estimates and assumptions are reasonable, they are based upon information available when they are made. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue for the majority of its products upon the transfer of title and risk of loss, which is generally upon shipment to the customer. Contracts and customer agreements generally specify F.O.B. shipping point terms. Under agreements with certain customers, custom products may be stored by the Company for future delivery. In these situations, the Company may receive a logistics or warehouse management fee for the services it provides. In certain of these cases, delivery and billing schedules are outlined in the customer agreement and product revenue is recognized when manufacturing is complete, title and risk of loss transfer to the customer, and there is a reasonable assurance as to collectibility. Because the majority of products are customized, product returns are not significant; however, the Company accrues for the estimated amount of customer credits at the time of sale.

Revenue from services is recognized as services are performed. Long-term contract revenue is recognized based on the completed contract method or percentage of completion method. The percentage of completion method is used only for contracts that will take longer than three months to complete, where project stages are clearly defined and can be invoiced and where the contract contains enforceable rights by both parties. Revenue related to short-term service contracts and contracts that do not meet the percentage of completion criteria is recognized when the contract is completed.

Within the Company’s financial print operations, which serve the global financial services end market, the Company produces highly customized materials such as regulatory S-filings, initial public offerings and EDGAR-related services. Revenue is recognized for these services following final delivery of the printed product or upon completion of the service performed.

Revenues related to the Company’s premedia operations, which include digital content management, photography, color services and page production, are recognized in accordance with the terms of the contract,

 

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typically upon completion of the performed service and acceptance by the customer. With respect to the Company’s logistics operations, whose operations include the delivery of printed material, the Company recognizes revenue upon completion of the delivery of services.

Certain revenues earned by the Company require judgment to determine if revenue should be recorded gross as a principal or net of related costs as an agent, in accordance with EITF 99-19, “Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal versus Net as an Agent,” and the related guidance in EITF 00-10, “Accounting for Shipping and Handling Fees and Costs” and EITF 01-14, “Income Statement Characterization of Reimbursements Received for ‘Out-of-Pocket’ Expenses Incurred.” Billings for third-party shipping and handling costs, primarily in the Company’s logistics operations, and out-of-pocket expenses are recorded gross. In the Company’s Global Turnkey Solutions operations, each contract is evaluated using various criteria to determine if revenue for components and other materials should be recognized on a gross or net basis. In general, these revenues are recognized on a gross basis if the Company has control over selecting vendors and pricing, is the primary obligor in the arrangement, bears all credit risk, and bears the risk of loss for inventory in its possession. Revenue from contracts that do not meet these criteria is recognized on a net basis. Many of the Company’s operations process materials, primarily paper, that may be supplied directly by customers or may be purchased by the Company and sold to customers. No revenue is recognized for customer-supplied paper, but revenues for Company-supplied paper are recognized on a gross basis. As a result, the Company’s reported sales and margins may be impacted by the mix of customer-supplied paper or Company-supplied paper.

The Company records deferred revenue in situations where amounts are invoiced but the revenue recognition criteria outlined above are not met. Such revenue is recognized when all criteria are subsequently met.

Accounts Receivable

The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts, which is reviewed for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments for products and services. Specific customer provisions are made when a review of significant outstanding amounts, utilizing information about customer creditworthiness and current economic trends, indicates that collection is doubtful. In addition, provisions are made at differing rates, based upon the age of the receivable and the Company’s historical collection experience. The Company’s estimates of the recoverability of amounts due could change, and additional changes to the allowance could be necessary in the future if a major customer’s creditworthiness deteriorates, or if actual defaults are higher than the Company’s historical experience.

Inventories

The Company records inventories at the lower of cost or market values. Most of the Company’s inventories are valued under the last-in first-out (LIFO) basis. Changes in inflation indices may cause an increase or decrease in the value of inventories accounted for under the LIFO costing method. The Company maintains inventory allowances for excess and obsolete inventories determined in part by future demand forecasts. If there were to be a sudden and significant decrease in demand for its products, or if there were a higher incidence of inventory obsolescence because of changing technology and customer requirements, the Company could be required to increase its inventory allowances.

Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets

The Company’s methodology for allocating the purchase price of acquisitions is based on established valuation techniques that reflect the consideration of a number of factors including valuations performed by third-party appraisers. Goodwill is measured as the excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the fair value assigned to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Based on its organization structure, the Company has identified fifteen reporting units for which cash flows are determinable and to which goodwill is allocated.

 

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Goodwill is either assigned to a specific reporting unit or allocated between reporting units based on the relative excess fair value of each reporting unit. When the Company’s organization structure changes, new or revised reporting units may be identified, and goodwill is reallocated, if necessary, based on relative excess fair value.

The Company performs goodwill impairment tests on an annual basis as of October 31, or more frequently in certain circumstances. The Company compares the estimated fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying amount including goodwill. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds the estimated fair value, the Company performs a fair value measurement calculation to determine the impairment loss, which is charged to operations. In 2007, the Company recorded a non-cash charge of $436.1 million to reflect impairment of goodwill in the business process outsourcing reporting unit. As part of its annual impairment analysis for this reporting unit, the Company engaged a third-party appraisal firm to assist the Company in its determination of the fair value of the unit, in part based on estimates of future net sales, operating margin and cash flows developed by management. In order to determine the amount of goodwill impairment, the Company also used the third-party appraisal firm to assist the Company in its determination of the value of significant intangible long-lived assets of the reporting unit.

The Company evaluates the recoverability of other long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment and certain identifiable intangible assets, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company performs impairment tests of indefinite-lived intangible assets on an annual basis or more frequently in certain circumstances. Factors considered important which could trigger an impairment review include significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner of use of the assets or the strategy for the overall business, a significant decrease in the market value of the assets or significant negative industry or economic trends. When the Company determines that the carrying amount of long-lived assets may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more of the indicators, the assets are assessed for impairment based on the estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recorded for the excess of the asset’s carrying amount over its fair value. The Company recorded an impairment charge of $316.1 million in 2007 related to the write-off of the Moore Wallace, OfficeTiger, and other trade names associated with the decision to unify most of its printing and related service offerings under the single RR Donnelley brand.

All of the Company’s goodwill and long-lived asset impairment assessments are based on established fair value techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis. These analyses require management to estimate both future cash flows and an appropriate discount rate to reflect the risk inherent in the current business model. The assumptions supporting valuation models, including discount rates, are determined using the best estimates as of the date of the impairment review. These estimates are subject to significant uncertainty, and differences in actual future results may require further impairment charges, which may be significant.

Certain investments in affordable housing, which are included in other noncurrent assets, are recorded at cost, as adjusted for the Company’s share of any declines in the fair value of the underlying properties that are deemed to be other than temporary. The Company’s basis for determining fair value of the underlying properties requires applying management’s judgment using a significant number of estimates. Management derives its estimates of fair value using remaining future tax credits and tax deductions to be realized and expected residual values upon sale or disposition of the Company’s ownership interests. Because most of the tax credits from these investments were received in prior periods, the current values of these investments are primarily attributable to residual values, which are inherently more uncertain. Expected residual values are developed from industry assumptions and cash flow projections provided by the underlying partnerships and include certain assumptions with respect to operating costs, debt levels and certain market data related to the properties such as assumed vacancy rates. Should these assumptions differ from actual results in the future, the Company might be required to further write down its carrying value of these investments. In 2007, the Company did not record a write-down of its investments in affordable housing.

 

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Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is subject to lawsuits, investigations and other claims related to environmental, employment and other matters, as well as preference claims related to amounts received from customers prior to their seeking bankruptcy protection. Periodically, the Company reviews the status of each significant matter and assesses potential financial exposure. If the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, the Company accrues a liability for the estimated loss. Because of uncertainties related to these matters, accruals are based on the best information available at the time. As additional information becomes available, the Company reassesses the potential liability related to pending claims and might revise its estimates.

The Company purchases third-party insurance for workers’ compensation, automobile and general liability claims that exceed a certain level. The Company is responsible for the payment of claims below these insured limits, and consulting actuaries are utilized to estimate the obligation associated with incurred losses, which is recorded in accrued liabilities. Historical loss development factors for both the Company and the industry are utilized to project the future development of incurred losses, and these amounts are adjusted based upon actual claims experience and settlement. If actual experience of claims development is significantly different from these estimates, an adjustment in future periods may be required.

Restructuring

The Company records restructuring charges when liabilities are incurred as part of a plan approved by management, with the appropriate level of authority, for the elimination of duplicative functions, the closure of facilities, or the exit of a line of business, generally in order to reduce the Company’s overall cost structure. Certain restructuring costs are recognized as a cost of acquisitions because the plans were contemplated at the time of the acquisition and were, therefore, included in the purchase price allocation. These restructuring charges and related liabilities are based on contractual obligations or management’s best estimates at the time the charges are recorded.

The restructuring liabilities might change in future periods based on several factors that could differ from original estimates and assumptions. These include, but are not limited to: contract settlements on terms different than originally expected; ability to sublease properties based on market conditions at rates or on timelines different than originally estimated; or changes to original plans as a result of mergers or acquisitions. Such changes might result in reversals of or additions to restructuring charges that could affect amounts reported in the consolidated statements of operations of future periods.

Accounting for Income Taxes

Significant judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and related accruals, deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. In the ordinary course of business, there are transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain. Additionally, the Company’s tax returns are subject to audit by various U.S. and foreign tax authorities. On January 1, 2007, the Company adopted the provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 48 (“FIN 48”), “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109,” which clarifies the accounting for and disclosure of uncertain tax positions. The Company recognizes a tax position in its financial statements when it is more likely than not (i.e., a likelihood of more than fifty percent) that the position would be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. This recognized tax position is then measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As of December 31, 2007 and January 1, 2007, uncertain tax positions of $212.2 million and $224.9 million, respectively, were recorded. Although management believes that its estimates are reasonable, the final outcome of uncertain tax positions may be materially different from that which is reflected in the Company’s historical financial statements.

The Company has recorded deferred tax assets related to domestic and foreign tax loss and credit carryforwards. The utilization of these tax assets is limited by the amount of taxable income expected to be generated within the allowable carryforward period, and other factors. Accordingly, management has provided a

 

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valuation allowance to reduce certain of these deferred tax assets when management has concluded that, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be fully realized. If actual results differ from these estimates, or the estimates are adjusted in future periods, adjustments to the valuation allowance might need to be recorded. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, valuation allowances of $260.0 million and $211.5 million, respectively, were recorded.

Share-Based Compensation

On January 1, 2006, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123(R), “Shared-Based Payment,” (“SFAS No. 123(R)”) using the modified prospective application transition method, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense, based on estimated fair values, for all share-based awards made to employees and directors, including stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance share units. The Company recognizes compensation expense for share-based awards expected to vest on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award based on their grant date fair value. The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, reflect the impact of SFAS No. 123(R). In accordance with the modified prospective application transition method, the Company’s consolidated financial statements for prior periods have not been restated to reflect, and do not include, the impact of SFAS No. 123(R).

Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans

The Company records annual amounts relating to its pension and postretirement benefit plans based on calculations which include various actuarial assumptions including discount rates, assumed rates of return, compensation increases, turnover rates and health care cost trend rates. The Company reviews its actuarial assumptions on an annual basis and makes modifications to the assumptions based on current rates and trends when it is deemed appropriate to do so. The effects of modifications are recognized immediately on the balance sheet, but are generally amortized into operating earnings over future periods, with the deferred amount recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. The Company believes that the assumptions utilized in recording its obligations under its plans are reasonable based on its experience, market conditions and input from its actuaries and investment advisors. In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans—amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106 and 132(R)” (“SFAS 158”), the Company early adopted the provisions requiring a fiscal year-end measurement date during the first quarter of 2007. Because the Company’s previous measurement date was September 30, 2006, this change required the Company to perform a new valuation of the pension and postretirement obligation and assets at December 31, 2006. As part of this valuation, the Company updated its assumed discount rates. The weighted-average discount rates used to calculate net periodic benefit expense for pension and postretirement benefits were 5.7% and 5.8%, respectively at December 31, 2006 and 5.8% for both pension and postretirement benefits at September 30, 2006. All other assumptions used to calculate net periodic benefit expense remain unchanged from the September 30, 2006 measurement date. The net effect of adopting the measurement date provisions of SFAS 158 at January 1, 2007 of $3.4 million has been included as an adjustment to beginning retained earnings in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The Company determines its assumption for the discount rate to be used for purposes of computing annual service and interest costs based on an index of high-quality corporate bond yields and matched-funding yield curve analysis as of that date.

The Company employs a total return investment approach for its pension and postretirement benefit plans whereby a mix of equities and fixed income investments are used to maximize the long-term return of pension and postretirement plan assets. The intent of this strategy is to minimize plan contributions by outperforming the growth in plan liabilities over the long run. Risk tolerance is established through careful consideration of plan liabilities, plan funded status, and corporate financial condition. The investment portfolios contain a diversified blend of equity and fixed-income investments. Furthermore, equity investments are diversified across geography and market capitalization through investments in U.S. large-capitalization stocks, U.S. small-capitalization stocks and international securities. Investment risk is measured and monitored on an ongoing basis through annual liability measurements, periodic asset/liability studies and quarterly investment portfolio reviews.

 

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The expected long-term rate of return for plan assets is based upon many factors including expected asset allocations, historical asset returns, current and expected future market conditions, risk and active management premiums. The prospective target asset allocation percentage for both the pension and postretirement benefit plans is approximately 75% for equity securities and approximately 25% for fixed income and other securities.

The expected return on plan assets assumption at December 31, 2007 ranged from 8.0% to 8.5% for the Company’s major U.S. and Canadian pension plans and was 8.0% for the Company’s partially funded U.S. postretirement medical benefit plans. The discount rates used at December 31, 2007 to measure pension and postretirement benefit obligations of the major U.S. and Canadian plans ranged from 5.2% to 6.6%. A one percentage point decrease in the discount rates at December 31, 2007 would increase the pension plans’ accumulated benefit obligation and projected benefit obligation by approximately $387.3 million and $406.3 million, respectively.

The Company also maintains several pension plans in international locations. The assets, liabilities and expense associated with these plans are not material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The expected returns on plan assets and discount rates for these plans are determined based on each plan’s investment approach, local interest rates, and plan participant profiles.

The health care cost trend rates used in valuing the Company’s postretirement benefit obligations are established based upon actual health care cost trends and consultation with actuaries and benefit providers. At December 31, 2007, the current weighted average health care trend rate assumption was 8.9% for pre-age 65 participants and 9.4% for post-age 65 participants. The current trend rate gradually decreases to an ultimate trend rate of 6.0%.

A one-percentage point increase in the assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects (in millions):

 

Postretirement benefit obligation

   $ 8.1

Total postretirement benefit service and interest cost components

     0.6

A one-percentage point decrease in the assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects (in millions):

 

Postretirement benefit obligation

   $ (7.1 )

Total postretirement benefit service and interest cost components net

     (0.6 )

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Other than non-cancelable operating lease commitments, the Company does not have off-balance sheet arrangements, financings, or special purpose entities.

Financial Review

In the financial review that follows, the Company discusses its consolidated results of operations, financial position, cash flows and certain other information. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes that begin on page F-1.

 

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007 AS COMPARED TO THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006

The following table shows the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, which reflects the results of acquired businesses from the relevant acquisition dates.

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2007    2006    $ Change     % Change  
     (in millions)  

Net sales

   $ 11,587.1    $ 9,316.6    $ 2,270.5     24.4 %

Cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown below)

     8,532.4      6,798.9      1,733.5     25.5 %

Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown below)

     1,302.3      1,097.6      204.7     18.6 %

Restructuring and impairment charges

     839.0      206.1      632.9     307.1 %

Depreciation and amortization

     598.3      463.3      135.0     29.1 %
                            

Total operating expenses

     11,272.0      8,565.9      2,706.1     31.6 %
                            

Income from continuing operations

   $ 315.1    $ 750.7    $ (435.6 )   (58.0 %)

Consolidated

Net sales for the year ended December 31, 2007 increased $2,270.5 million, or 24.4%, to $11,587.1 million versus the prior year. Of this increase, approximately $1.9 billion or 83.7% was due to sales from the acquired facilities of Banta, Perry Judd’s, OfficeTiger and Von Hoffmann and $146.3 million or 6.4% resulted from changes in foreign exchange rates. In addition, the increase in net sales was driven by volume growth in both segments, particularly in the International segment. In the U.S. Print and Related Services segment, volume increases in financial printing, logistics services, book production, and forms and labels were partially offset by lower prices for most products and services. In the International segment, net sales increases were driven by the 2007 acquisitions, increased book production in Asia, favorable exchange rates and volume growth from new customers in business process outsourcing, favorable exchange rates in Europe and increased book sales and commercial print sales in Latin America offset by lower prices on the sales of directories and manuals in Europe and Asia.

Cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) increased $1,733.5 million to $8,532.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 versus the prior year, primarily due to acquisitions, increased sales volume and increased incentive compensation. Cost of sales as a percentage of consolidated net sales increased from 73.0% to 73.6% as a result of continuing price competition across most of the operations in both segments and the impact of the acquired companies, which in the aggregate had lower gross margins than the Company’s historical margins. These factors were partially offset by cost reductions resulting from restructuring activities, procurement savings, and other productivity efforts.

Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) increased $204.7 million to $1,302.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 versus the prior year, primarily due to acquisitions and increased incentive compensation. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of consolidated net sales decreased from 11.8% to 11.2%. This decrease reflected scale advantages, including the elimination of duplicative administrative functions at the acquired businesses.

For the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company recorded restructuring and impairment charges of $839.0 million compared to $206.1 million in 2006. In 2007, these charges included a non-cash pre-tax charge of $316.1 million reflecting the write-off of the Moore Wallace, OfficeTiger and other trade names intangible assets, most of which were indefinite-lived, and $436.1 million for the impairment of goodwill associated with the business process outsourcing operations. In addition, these charges included $49.3 million for workforce

 

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reductions of 1,169 employees (of whom 1,092 were terminated as of December 31, 2007) associated with the reorganization of certain operations and the exiting of certain business activities. These actions include management changes to simplify the management reporting structure and cost structure reductions including the closing of two manufacturing facilities within the U.S. Print and Related Services segment and two facilities within the International segment. These charges also include $11.1 million of other restructuring costs including lease terminations in exited facilities and $26.4 million for the impairment of other long-lived assets, of which $19.1 million relates to the write-off of capitalized customer contract set-up costs in the business process outsourcing reporting unit. For the year ended December 31, 2006, these charges included $110.0 million for the impairment of goodwill for the business process outsourcing operations within the International segment and $30.9 million for impairment of assets, of which $26.3 million reflects the write-down of the Astron trade name intangible asset. In addition, these charges included $54.1 million for workforce reductions of 1,396 employees (all of whom were terminated as of December 31, 2007), associated with restructuring actions resulting from the reorganization of certain operations and the exiting of certain business activities and $11.1 million of other restructuring costs primarily related to lease terminations in exited facilities. Management believes that certain restructuring activities will continue throughout 2008 and in future years as the Company continues to streamline its manufacturing, sales and administrative operations.

Payments on certain lease obligations associated with various restructuring plans are scheduled to continue until 2017. The Company anticipates that payments associated with employee terminations relating to existing restructuring actions will be substantially complete by the end of 2008.

Depreciation and amortization increased $135.0 million to $598.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to 2006, primarily due to acquisitions. Depreciation and amortization included $119.7 million and $73.2 million of amortization of purchased intangibles related to customer relationships, trade names and patents for the year ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The write-off of the tradenames in the second quarter decreased the 2007 amortization expense by $1.5 million and will reduce annual amortization expense by $2.6 million in 2008 and beyond.

Income from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $315.1 million, a decrease of $435.6 million compared to $750.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The decrease was driven by a $316.1 million non-cash pre-tax charge reflecting the write-off of the Moore Wallace, OfficeTiger and other trade names intangible assets, a $436.1 million non-cash charge for the impairment of goodwill associated with the business process outsourcing operations, higher incentive compensation and higher depreciation and amortization expense, partially offset by the increase in net sales, productivity efforts and the benefits achieved from procurement savings and restructuring activities.

Net interest expense increased by $88.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 versus 2006, primarily due to the issuance of approximately $1.25 billion of debt in January 2007 and increased short-term borrowings to finance the acquisitions of Banta, Perry Judd’s, and Von Hoffmann.

Net investment and other income (expense) for the year ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 was $3.6 million and $(10.4) million, respectively. Included in net investment and other income (expense) were charges of $0.2 million and $18.4 million (including an impairment charge of $16.9 million) for the year ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, reflecting declines in the underlying estimated fair market values of the Company’s affordable housing investments. In addition, the Company recorded a gain of $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 and a loss of $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 for the portion of the changes in fair value of derivative financial instruments that were ineffective as a net investment hedge. The Company recorded a gain of $7.0 million on the sale of certain investment property for the year ended December 31, 2006.

The effective income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2007 was 149.3% compared to 32.6% in 2006. The increase primarily reflects the non-deductible, non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $436.1 million, tax benefits of $107.0 million associated with the $316.1 million non-cash charge for the write-off of the

 

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Moore Wallace, OfficeTiger and other trade names, the enactment of a lower statutory tax rate in the United Kingdom, an increased benefit from the domestic manufacturing deduction and the impact of the increased proportion of the Company’s taxable income derived from lower-tax jurisdictions. The effective income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2006 included a $23.5 million benefit from the realization of a U.S. deferred tax asset and the reversal of reserves for tax contingencies of $27.3 million.

The net loss from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $48.4 million or $0.22 per diluted share compared to net earnings from continuing operations of $402.6 million or $1.84 per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2006. In addition to the factors described above, the per share results reflect a decrease in weighted average diluted shares outstanding of 0.9 million shares as the Company’s net loss for the year caused all outstanding options and unvested share awards to be anti-dilutive. The increase in weighted average basic shares outstanding reflected the impact of employee stock option exercises and shares earned under share-based compensation plans, offset by the Company’s purchases in the open market of approximately 7.7 million shares at a total cost of $309.5 million.

The net loss from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $0.5 million compared to $2.0 million for 2006, which primarily reflected costs resulting from a sub-lessee bankruptcy related to a facility previously occupied by the Company’s package logistics business.

U.S. Print and Related Services

The following tables summarize net sales, income from continuing operations and certain items impacting comparability within the U.S. Print and Related Services segment:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2007     2006  
     (in millions)  

Net sales

   $ 8,601.9     $ 7,141.6  

Income from continuing operations

     823.8       925.0  

Operating Margin

     9.6 %     13.0 %

Restructuring and impairment charges

     285.1       23.6  

 

Reporting unit(1)

   2007
Net Sales
   2006
Net Sales
   $ Change    % Change  
     (in millions)       

Magazines catalogs and retail inserts

   $ 2,691.2    $ 2,110.1    $ 581.1    27.5 %

Books and directories

     1,677.7      1,291.6      386.1    29.9 %

Variable print

     1,203.7      955.4      248.3    26.0 %

Forms and labels

     961.6      907.2      54.4    6.0 %

Commercial

     792.9      721.3      71.6    9.9 %

Logistics

     549.3      511.7      37.6    7.3 %

Financial print

     560.1      514.5      45.6    8.9 %

Digital Solutions

     165.4      129.8      35.6    27.4 %
                           

Total U.S. Print and Related Services

   $ 8,601.9    $ 7,141.6    $ 1,460.3    20.4 %
                           

 

(1) The above table represents net sales by reporting unit. Based on capacity and utilization, at times other products may be produced within a reporting unit to meet customer needs and improve operating efficiency.

Net sales for the U.S. Print and Related Services segment for the year ended December 31, 2007 were $8,601.9 million, an increase of $1,460.3 million, or 20.4%, compared to 2006. Of this increase, approximately $1.4 billion or 96% was due to sales from the acquired facilities of Banta, Perry Judd’s and Von Hoffmann. The remaining increase resulted from volume increases, partially offset by downward price pressures. Net sales of magazines, catalogs and retail inserts increased due to the acquisitions, partially offset by lower pricing on major

 

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customer contracts. Net sales of books and directories increased reflecting the acquisitions and higher volume in consumer and educational books partially offset by continued pricing pressure and the impact of major directory contract renewals. Increases in variable print net sales reflect the acquisitions, partially offset by lower direct mail volume from key customers, the impact of postal rate increases and volume and price declines in statement printing. Net sales of forms, labels and office products increased due to the acquisitions and volume growth from new customers. Commercial printing sales increased as a result of the acquisitions offset by lower volume from large corporate customers. Logistics services increased primarily due to volume growth driven by increases in print sales. Net sales of financial print increased, primarily driven by domestic capital market transactions and global investment company compliance services. Digital Solutions net sales increased due to acquisitions.

U.S. Print and Related Services’ income from continuing operations decreased $101.2 million, driven by the non-cash charge of $257.4 million reflecting the write-off of the Moore Wallace and other trade names, the impact of competitive price pressures and increased incentive compensation, partially offset by the impact of acquisitions, higher volume and improved productivity. Operating margins as a percent of sales in the U.S. Print and Related Services segment decreased to 9.6% for the year ended December 31, 2007 as compared to 13.0% in 2006. The margin decrease primarily resulted from the non-cash charge of $257.4 million discussed above and the acquisitions of Banta and Perry Judd’s, both of which had lower margins than the segment’s historical margins, partially offset by the acquisition of Von Hoffmann which had higher historical margins. In addition, acquisitions resulted in $34.3 million of incremental amortization expense on intangible assets, which reduced operating margins by 40 basis points.

International

The following tables summarize net sales, income (loss) from continuing operations and certain items impacting comparability within the International segment:

 

         Years Ended December 31,      
     2007     2006  
     (in millions)  

Net sales

   $ 2,985.2     $ 2,175.0  

Income (loss) from continuing operations

     (315.0 )     42.9  

Operating margin

     (10.6 )%     2.0 %

Restructuring and impairment charges

     538.7       155.0  

 

Reporting unit

   2007
Net Sales
   2006
Net Sales
   $
Change
   %
Change
 
     (in millions)       

Business process outsourcing

   $ 809.7    $ 678.9    $ 130.8    19.3 %

Europe

     572.7      546.5      26.2    4.8 %

Global Turnkey Solutions

     468.5      —        468.5    100.0 %

Asia

     457.5      349.0      108.5    31.1 %

Latin America

     436.8      381.4      55.4    14.5 %

Canada

     240.0      219.2      20.8    9.5 %
                           

Total International

   $ 2,985.2    $ 2,175.0    $ 810.2    37.3 %
                           

Net sales for the International segment for the year ended December 31, 2007 were $2,985.2 million, an increase of $810.2 million, or 37.3%, compared to 2006. Of this increase, approximately $503.8 million or 62% was due to sales from the acquired facilities of OfficeTiger and Banta and $146.3 million or 18% was the result of favorable exchange rates. Net sales of business process outsourcing increased over 2006, primarily due to favorable foreign exchange and volume growth from new customers, partially offset by the volume declines in direct mail. In Europe, substantially all of the net sales increase was the result of changes in foreign exchange rates. Global Turnkey Solutions net sales were the result of our acquisition of Banta. In Asia, book sales

 

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increased as a result of production mainly for the U.S. and European markets, as well as continued growth with telecommunications and technology customers. The Company had higher sales of books, forms, labels and commercial printing in Latin America. Net sales of forms and labels in Canada were up slightly due to increased volume and favorable exchange rates.

Income (loss) from continuing operations decreased $357.9 million primarily due to an increase in restructuring and impairment charges of $383.7 million. These charges included $436.1 million for impairment of goodwill in the business process outsourcing reporting unit and $58.7 million for the write-off of the Moore Wallace, OfficeTiger and other trade names. In 2006, restructuring and impairment charges included $110.0 million for the impairment of goodwill within business process outsourcing operations and a $26.3 million write-off of the Astron trade name. This increase in charges was partially offset by the incremental income from continuing operations from acquisitions, volume growth, and the realization of cost reduction plans put into place during 2007.

Corporate

The following table summarizes operating expenses and certain items impacting comparability within the activities presented as Corporate:

 

     Years Ended
December 31,
     2007    2006
     (in millions)

Operating expenses

   $ 193.7    $ 217.2

Restructuring and impairment charges

     15.2      27.5

Corporate operating expenses decreased $23.5 million to $193.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The decrease in expense in 2007 is attributable to lower share-based and incentive compensation expense recorded on the corporate ledger, reductions in sales and use tax reserves, and cost reductions resulting from productivity efforts and restructuring actions. These factors were partially offset by increased information technology expense and additional costs resulting from the Banta, Perry Judd’s and Von Hoffmann acquisitions. Corporate restructuring charges of $15.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2007 primarily reflected the employee termination costs of actions taken to streamline the management structure and eliminate duplicative administrative functions. Corporate restructuring charges of $27.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 primarily included employee termination costs incurred as a result of actions taken to reorganize certain operations and costs related to the relocation of the global headquarters within Chicago.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006 AS COMPARED TO THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005

 

     Income from
continuing
operations

(in millions)
    Operating
margin
    Net
earnings

(in millions)
    Net
earnings
per
diluted share
 

For the year ended December 31, 2005

   $ 450.4     5.3 %   $ 137.1     $ 0.63  

2006 restructuring and impairment charges

     (206.1 )   (2.2 %)     (172.9 )     (0.79 )

2005 restructuring and impairment charges

     419.8     5.0 %     395.6       1.83  

2005 integration charges

     8.3     0.1 %     5.2       0.02  

Write-down of affordable housing investments

     —       —         (10.1 )     (0.05 )

Gain on sale of investments

     —       —         4.1       0.02  

Income tax adjustments

     —       —         23.5       0.11  

Discontinued operations

     —       —         (43.5 )     (0.20 )

Operations

     78.3     —         61.6       0.26  
                              

For the year ended December 31, 2006

   $ 750.7     8.1 %   $ 400.6     $ 1.83  
                              

 

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2006 restructuring and impairment charges: included $110.0 million of non-cash charge for impairment of goodwill related to Global Document Solutions within the business process outsourcing operations; pretax charges of $54.1 million for employee termination costs, substantially all of which were associated with restructuring actions resulting from the reorganization of certain operations and the exiting of certain business activities; $11.1 million of other restructuring costs, primarily lease termination costs; and $30.9 million of impairment charges of which $26.3 million reflected the write-down of the Astron trade name intangible asset.

2005 restructuring and impairment charges: included $362.3 million of non-cash charges for impairment of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets in the forms and labels and Canadian reporting units; $15.9 million for employee termination costs primarily associated with restructuring actions related to the Moore Wallace acquisition and other actions to restructure operations; $33.8 million of other restructuring costs, including lease termination costs associated with the relocation of the Company’s corporate headquarters, and $7.8 million of impairment of long-lived assets.

2005 integration charges: included $8.3 million of post-acquisition integration charges related to the Moore Wallace acquisition.

Write-down of affordable housing investments: Investment and other income (expense) included a $16.9 million ($10.1 million after tax) write-down of the Company’s investment in affordable housing in 2006.

Gain on sale of investments: Investment and other income (expense) included a $7.0 million capital gain ($4.1 million after tax) on the sale of certain investment property in 2006.

Income tax adjustments: reflects a $23.5 million benefit from the realization of a deferred tax asset.

Discontinued operations: included a net loss of $2.0 million, primarily for the lease termination costs associated with a sub-lessee bankruptcy, for the year ended December 31, 2006 and net earnings of $41.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 which is primarily due to the gain on the sale of Peak Technologies. Peak was sold on December 22, 2005.

Operations: reflects improved income from continuing operations in the U.S. Print and Related Services segment primarily due to increased volume and improved productivity partially offset by increased price competition. This net increase was partially offset by slightly lower income from continuing operations in the International segment, higher interest expense of $28.3 million due to the issuance of approximately $1.0 billion of debt in May 2005 related to the acquisition of Astron and an increase in short-term borrowings in April 2006 related to the acquisition of OfficeTiger. See further details in the review of operating results by segment that follows below.

The following table shows the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, which reflects the results of acquired businesses from the relevant acquisition dates.

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2006    2005    $ Change     % Change  
     (in millions)  

Net sales

   $ 9,316.6    $ 8,430.2    $ 886.4     10.5 %

Cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown below)

     6,798.9      6,090.3      708.6     11.6 %

Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown below)

     1,097.6      1,044.7      52.9     5.1 %

Restructuring and impairment charges

     206.1      419.8      (213.7 )   (50.9 )%

Depreciation and amortization

     463.3      425.0      38.3     9.0 %
                            

Total operating expenses

     8,565.9      7,979.8      586.1     7.3 %
                            

Income from continuing operations

   $ 750.7    $ 450.4    $ 300.3     66.7 %

 

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Consolidated

Net sales for the year ended December 31, 2006 increased $886.4 million, or 10.5%, to $9,316.6 million versus the prior year. Of this increase, slightly more than half was due to acquisitions, most significantly Astron and OfficeTiger. The increase in net sales was also driven by volume growth across products and services in the U.S. Print and Related Services segment and International segment, partially offset by the continuing impact of competitive price pressures in most industry sectors.

Cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) increased $708.6 million to $6,798.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 versus the prior year primarily due to acquisitions, increased volume and higher paper prices. In addition, the Company revised its allocation of benefits expenses in the first quarter of 2006, which resulted in an increase to cost of sales relative to the first quarter of 2005. This increase in benefits cost was completely offset by a decrease in benefits cost allocated to selling, general and administrative expenses. Cost of sales as a percentage of consolidated net sales increased from 72.2% to 73.0% due to the reallocation of benefits expenses, continuing price competition in most markets, higher energy costs and the impact of higher paper prices partially offset by cost reductions achieved through restructuring activities.

Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) increased $52.9 million to $1,097.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 versus the prior year primarily due to acquisitions and other net sales increases, partially offset by the change in the allocation of benefits expenses described above. Other items impacting this comparison included an increase in employee benefit costs and bad debt expense in 2006, partially offset by cost reductions due to productivity efforts and restructuring. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of consolidated net sales decreased to 11.8% in 2006 from 12.4% in 2005.

For the year ended December 31, 2006, the Company recorded restructuring and impairment charges of $206.1 million, compared to $419.8 million in 2005. In 2006, these charges included $110.0 million for the impairment of goodwill of Global Document Solutions within the business process outsourcing operations in the International segment and $30.9 million for impairment of assets, of which $26.3 million reflected the write-down of the Astron trade name intangible asset. In addition, these charges included $54.1 million for workforce reductions of 1,396 employees (all of whom were terminated as of December 31, 2007), associated with restructuring actions resulting from the reorganization of certain operations and the exiting of certain business activities and $11.1 million of other restructuring costs primarily related to lease terminations in exited facilities. For the year ended December 31, 2005, the charges included $311.6 million for the impairment of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets for the forms and labels reporting unit within the U.S. Print and Related Services segment; $50.7 million for the impairment of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets for the Canadian reporting unit within the International segment; $15.7 million primarily related to the relocation of the Company’s global corporate headquarters within Chicago; $15.9 million related to workforce reductions of 500 employees (all of whom were terminated as of December 31, 2007); and other costs incurred to restructure operations within the segments.

Depreciation and amortization increased $38.3 million to $463.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 compared to 2005, primarily due to acquisitions. Depreciation and amortization included $73.2 million and $58.3 million of amortization of purchased intangibles related to customer relationships, trade names, patents and covenants not to compete for the year ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

Income from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $750.7 million compared to $450.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The increase was primarily driven by a reduction in restructuring and impairment charges of $213.7 million. In addition, other drivers included the increase in net sales, productivity improvements, and the benefits of restructuring activities, partially offset by increased depreciation and amortization expense and higher selling and administrative expenses primarily due to acquisitions.

Net interest expense increased by $28.3 million to $139.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 versus 2005 due to the issuance of approximately $1.0 billion of debt in May 2005 related to the acquisition of Astron and the increase in short-term borrowings in April 2006 related to the acquisition of OfficeTiger.

 

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Net investment and other expense for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $10.4 million versus $7.9 million in 2005. Included in net investment and other expense were charges of $18.4 million (including an impairment charge of $16.9 million) and $8.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, reflecting declines in the underlying estimated fair market values of the Company’s affordable housing investments. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2006, the Company recorded a gain of $7.0 million on the sale of certain investment property.

The effective income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2006 was 32.6%. For the year ended December 31, 2005, the effective income tax rate was 71.5%, primarily reflecting the charge for impairment of goodwill of $353.6 million, for which the Company did not record any tax benefit. The decrease in the effective rate in 2006 also reflects the impact of a $23.5 million benefit from the realization of a U.S. deferred tax asset and the reversal of reserves for tax contingencies of $27.3 million.

Net earnings from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $402.6 million, or $1.84 per diluted share, compared to $95.6 million or $0.44 per diluted share, for the year ended December 31, 2005. In addition to the factors discussed above, the per-share results reflect an increase in weighted average diluted shares outstanding of 2.2 million shares primarily due to the vesting and issuance of share-based compensation and additional awards during the year.

The net loss from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2006 of $2.0 million primarily reflected costs resulting from a sub-lessee bankruptcy related to a facility previously occupied by the Company’s package logistics business. Income (loss) from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2005 was $41.5 million, primarily related to the Peak Technologies business (“Peak”). Income (loss) from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2005 included a net gain of $55.2 million on the sale of Peak, including pre-tax impairment charges of $36.6 million and tax benefits of $93.5 million.

U.S. Print and Related Services

The following tables summarize net sales, income from continuing operations and certain items impacting comparability within the U.S. Print and Related Services segment:

 

     Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2006     2005  
     (in millions)  

Net sales

   $ 7,141.6     $ 6,882.8  

Income from continuing operations

     925.0       562.2  

Operating Margin

     13.0 %     8.2 %

Restructuring and impairment charges

     23.6       337.2  

 

Reporting unit(1)

   2006
Net Sales
   2005
Net Sales
   $
Change
    %
Change
 
     (in millions)        

Magazines, catalogs and retail inserts

   $ 2,110.1    $ 2,027.1    $ 83.0     4.1 %

Books and directories

     1,291.6      1,270.3      21.3     1.7 %

Variable print

     955.4      963.0      (7.6 )   (0.8 %)

Forms and labels

     907.2      883.8      23.4     2.6 %

Commercial print

     721.3      652.5      68.8     10.5 %

Financial print

     511.7      492.8      18.9     3.8 %

Logistics

     514.5      468.1      46.4     9.9 %

Digital Solutions

     129.8      125.2      4.6     3.7 %
                            

Total U.S. Print and Related Services

   $ 7,141.6    $ 6,882.8    $ 258.8     3.8 %
                            

 

(1) The above table represents net sales by reporting unit. Based on capacity and utilization, at times other products may be produced within a reporting unit to meet customer needs and improve operating efficiency.

 

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Net sales for the U.S. Print and Related Services segment for the year ended December 31, 2006 were $7,141.6 million, an increase of $258.8 million, or 3.8%, compared to 2005. The increase resulted from volume increases across most products and services in the segment and higher paper prices passed on to customers, partially offset by downward price pressures. Sales of magazines, catalogs and retail inserts increased, driven by volume increases from new customer contracts, increased business with existing customers and higher paper prices that were passed on to customers, partially offset by lower prices associated with major contract renewals. Net sales of books and directories increased driven by additional book volume from telecommunications and technology customers and higher directory volume from most major customers partially offset by price declines on major contract renewals. Sales of variable print products decreased slightly as volume declines and customer losses in statement printing more than offset increased sales in direct mail, due to growth from long-run marketing programs in the financial print and not-for-profit markets. Net sales of forms and labels increased slightly due to volume growth from existing customers. Commercial print net sales were up considerably from 2005 driven by volume growth across most regions, primarily from large corporate customers. Financial print sales increased due to investment company compliance services. Net sales of logistics services increased primarily due to volume growth across most service lines. Digital solutions net sales increased slightly as a result of increased volume and work for new customers.

U.S. Print and Related Services’ income from continuing operations increased $362.8 million driven by reduced restructuring and impairment charges, higher volume and improved productivity, partially offset by the impact of competitive price pressures, inflationary increases in wages, benefits and other costs, and higher energy costs. Operating margins in U.S. Print and Related Services increased to 13.0% in 2006 from 8.2% in 2005. The operating margin increase was driven by a reduction in restructuring and impairment charges of $313.6 million.

International

The following tables summarize net sales, income from continuing operations and certain items impacting comparability within the International segment:

 

     Years Ended
December 31,
 
     2006     2005  
     (in millions)  

Net sales

   $ 2,175.0     $ 1,547.4  

Income from continuing operations

     42.9       91.7  

Operating margin

     2.0 %     5.9 %

Restructuring and impairment charges

     155.0       57.7  

 

Reporting unit(1)

   2006
Net Sales
   2005
Net Sales
   $
Change
   %
Change
 
     (in millions)       

Business process outsourcing

   $ 678.9    $ 359.3    $ 319.6    88.9 %

Europe

     546.5      432.9      113.6    26.2 %

Latin America

     381.4      330.7      50.7    15.3 %

Asia

     349.0      228.1      120.9    53.0 %

Canada

     219.2      196.4      22.8    11.6 %
                           

Total International

   $ 2,175.0    $ 1,547.4    $ 627.6    40.6 %
                           

 

(1) The above table represents net sales by reporting unit. Based on capacity and utilization, at times other products may be produced to meet customer needs and improve operating efficiency.

Net sales in the International segment for the year ended December 31, 2006 were $2,175.0 million, an increase of $627.6 million, or 40.6%, compared to 2005. Of this increase, approximately 71% was due to the acquisitions of Astron, OfficeTiger, Asia Printers and Poligrafia. The remaining increase in net sales was primarily driven by volume growth in most of the segment’s products and services, partially offset by competitive price pressure. Business process outsourcing operations increased due to the acquisition of

 

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OfficeTiger and the full-year impact of the 2005 Astron acquisition partially offset by reduced volume and lower prices on significant customers at Astron. Net sales in Europe increased due to the Poligrafia acquisition, higher volume for telecommunication and technology and increases in directory, magazine and retail volume. Net sales increased in Latin America, primarily driven by book and commercial print volume growth. Book sales in Asia increased as a result of demand from the U.S. market and from the Asia Printers acquisition. Net sales of forms and labels in Canada increased due to volume growth from existing and new customers.

Income from continuing operations decreased $48.8 million from 2005 driven by the higher restructuring and impairment charges, partially offset by increased net sales and productivity improvements. In 2006, restructuring and impairment charges included $110.0 million for the impairment of goodwill for Global Document Solutions within the business process outsourcing operations and a $26.3 million write-off of the Astron trade name. Operating margins decreased to 2.0% in 2006 from 5.9% in 2005. The operating margin decrease was driven by increased restructuring and impairment charges, which were offset by cost reductions realized from productivity initiatives, and increased sales prices in 2006.

Corporate

The following table summarizes operating expenses and certain items impacting comparability within the activities presented as Corporate:

 

     Years Ended
December 31,
     2006    2005
     (in millions)

Operating expenses

   $ 217.2    $ 203.5

Restructuring and impairment charges

     27.5      24.9

Corporate operating expenses increased $13.7 million, primarily reflecting increases in restructuring and impairment charges, unallocated employee benefit costs and higher provision for bad debts partially offset by cost reductions from productivity efforts and restructuring actions.

RESTRUCTURING, IMPAIRMENT, AND ACQUISITION-RELATED CHARGES

During 2007, the Company recorded restructuring and impairment charges of $839.0 million. These charges included $316.1 million for the write-off of the Moore Wallace, OfficeTiger and other trade names associated with the Company’s decision in June 2007 to unify most of its printing and related service offerings under the single RR Donnelley brand. Additionally, the 2007 charges included $436.1 million for the impairment of goodwill resulting from the OfficeTiger and Astron acquisitions within the business process outsourcing reporting unit within the International segment and $26.4 million for the impairment of other long-lived assets, of which $19.1 million relates to the write-off of capitalized customer contract set-up costs in the business process outsourcing reporting unit. In addition, these charges included $49.3 million related to workforce reductions of 1,169 employees (1,092 of whom were terminated as of December 31, 2007), associated with actions resulting from the reorganization of certain operations and the exiting of certain business activities. These actions included management changes to simplify and consolidate the management reporting structure and cost structure reductions including the closing of two manufacturing facilities within the U.S. Print and Related Services segment and two manufacturing facilities within the International segment. In addition, $11.1 million of other restructuring costs including lease terminations in exited facilities were recorded for the year ended December 31, 2007.

During 2007, the Company capitalized $63.7 million of restructuring costs related to employee terminations and other costs in connection with the acquisitions of Banta, Perry Judd’s, Von Hoffmann, and Cardinal Brands. Costs of $55.1 million were for planned workforce reductions of 857 employees resulting from the elimination of duplicative administrative functions and the planned closure of five operating facilities. Charges of $8.6 million of other restructuring costs included lease terminations in exited facilities.

 

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During 2006, the Company recorded restructuring and impairment charges of $206.1 million. These charges included $110.0 million for the non-cash impairment of goodwill within the business process outsourcing operations of the International segment; $30.9 million for impairment of assets of which $26.3 million reflects the non-cash write-down of the Astron trade name intangible asset; and $11.1 million of other restructuring costs, primarily lease termination costs. Additionally, the Company recorded $54.1 million for employee termination costs, of which, $19.1 million was for management and other staff reductions associated with the Company’s management structure realignment in the fourth quarter. The workforce reductions totaled 1,396 employees (all of whom were terminated as of December 31, 2007), associated with restructuring actions resulting from the reorganization of certain operations and the exiting of certain business activities.

During 2005, the Company recorded restructuring and impairment charges of $419.8 million. These charges included $311.6 million for the non-cash impairment of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets for the forms and labels reporting unit within the U.S. Print and Related Services segment; $50.7 million for the non-cash impairment of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets for the Canadian reporting unit within the International segment; $15.9 million related to employee termination costs; $33.8 million of other restructuring costs related to lease termination and relocation costs; and $7.8 million of other impairment charges. The restructuring charge for employee terminations related to workforce reductions of 500 employees, all of whom were terminated as of December 31, 2007. These workforce reductions were primarily associated with the continuation of 2004 restructuring plans related to the Moore Wallace acquisition and other actions to restructure operations in the segments. Other charges primarily relate to lease termination charges mainly associated with the relocation of the Company’s corporate headquarters within Chicago, the relocation of a logistics facility in the U.S. Print and Related Services segment and the exiting of a European financial print facility in the International segment. Additional restructuring charges included employee and equipment relocation costs associated with the Moore Wallace acquisition restructuring plans and other actions to restructure certain operational activities.

In 2008, the Company expects to realize further cost savings associated with the restructuring actions taken in 2007, primarily through reduced employee and facility costs. The Company anticipates that payments associated with lease exit costs ($12.6 million) will be substantially complete by 2017. Market conditions and the Company’s ability to sublease these properties could affect the ultimate charge and cash payments related to these lease obligations. The Company expects to identify further cost reduction opportunities within both current and newly acquired businesses, which may result in additional restructuring charges.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

LIQUIDITY

The Company believes it has sufficient liquidity to support the ongoing activities of the business and to invest in future growth to create value for its shareholders. Operating cash flows are the Company’s primary source of liquidity and are expected to be used for, among other things, interest and principal on the Company’s debt obligations, dividend payments that may be approved by the Board of Directors, capital expenditures as necessary to support growth and productivity improvement, completion of restructuring programs, additional acquisitions and future common stock repurchases based upon market conditions. Additional sources of liquidity include cash and cash equivalents of $379.0 million as of December 31, 2007, a commercial paper program and credit facilities described under “Capital Resources” below.

Cash Flows From Operating Activities

2007 compared to 2006

Net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations was $1,176.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations of $903.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase primarily reflects the impacts of acquisitions, volume growth and productivity efforts, partially offset by higher cash payments for restructuring, interest, and income taxes.

 

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2006 compared to 2005

Net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations was $903.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations of $971.5 million for the same period in the prior year. The decrease was the result of higher cash payments for employee incentive compensation, resulting from improved financial performance in 2005 compared to 2004, and for income taxes. Payments associated with new customer contracts also increased and accounts payable increased less than in 2005 due to the timing of vendor payments. In addition, interest payments increased as a result of additional debt used to finance the Astron and OfficeTiger acquisitions. These uses of cash were partially offset by higher earnings and a smaller increase in inventories and accounts receivable.

Cash Flows From Investing Activities

2007 compared to 2006

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $2,510.9 million versus net cash used in investing activities of $608.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. Net cash used for acquisition of businesses in the year ended December 31, 2007 included $2,052.4 million for the acquisition of Banta, Perry Judd’s, Von Hoffmann and Cardinal Brands. Capital expenditures were $482.0 million, an increase of $107.7 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase reflects increased investment in expansion projects to support increased volume in Asia and Europe and capital spending at acquired businesses. The Company continues to fund capital expenditures primarily through cash provided by operations. The Company expects that capital expenditures for 2008 will be between $425 and $435 million, or approximately 3.5% of projected revenue.

2006 compared to 2005

Net cash used in investing activities of continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $608.4 million versus net cash used in investing activities of continuing operations of $1,621.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. For the year ended December 31, 2006, capital expenditures were $374.3 million versus $471.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The decrease reflects lower spending in the U.S. Print and Related Services segment partially offset by increased investment in expansion projects to support volume growth in the International segment’s Asian and European operations and capital spending at acquired businesses. Net cash used for acquisition of businesses included $248.8 million for the acquisition of OfficeTiger, partially offset by $4.5 million in cash received for purchase price adjustments for 2005 acquisitions. Net cash used for acquisitions of businesses in 2005 was $1,194.3 million for the acquisitions of Astron, Asia Printers, Charlestown, Poligrafia, Spencer and CMCS. During the year ended December 31, 2006, the Company received $10.2 million in proceeds from the sale of various assets. During the year ended December 31, 2005, the Company received $43.4 million in proceeds from the sale of various assets.

Cash Flows From Financing Activities

2007 compared to 2006

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $1,476.2 million compared to net cash used in financing activities of $457.8 million in 2006. The Company received proceeds of $1,244.2 million from an issuance of long-term debt in order to fund a portion of the acquisitions of Banta and Perry Judd’s. The net change in other short-term debt was a cash inflow of $282.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2007 reflecting the Company’s issuance of commercial paper related to the Banta, Perry Judd’s and Von Hoffmann acquisitions and share repurchases compared to a net decrease in other short-term debt of $21.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The Company also received proceeds from borrowings under its revolving credit facility of $400.0 million to fund these acquisitions and share repurchases. Additionally, the Company received proceeds of $95.5 million from exercises of stock options, net of excess tax benefits. During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company purchased in the open market approximately 7.7 million shares of its common stock at a total cost of $309.5 million.

 

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2006 compared to 2005

Net cash used in financing activities of continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $457.8 million compared to net cash provided by financing activities of continuing operations of $378.5 million in 2005. Debt reduction for the year ended December 31, 2006 included $246.7 million in payments of current maturities and long-term debt and a net decrease in short-term debt of $21.6 million. The Company received proceeds of approximately $1.0 billion from the issuance of long-term debt in May 2005 in order to fund the acquisition of Astron in June 2005. During 2005, the Company purchased approximately 8.5 million shares of its common stock at a total cash cost of $270.4 million, of which 6.0 million of these shares were purchased from affiliates of GSC Partners in a privately negotiated transaction at a purchase price of approximately $200.0 million. The remaining stock purchases during that period were made in the open market or were shares withheld for employee tax liabilities upon vesting of equity awards. Stock repurchases for the year ended December 31, 2006 were $1.8 million.

Cash Flows From Discontinued Operations

Net cash used in discontinued operations for 2007 was $0.7 million compared to net cash used in discontinued operations of $0.2 million in 2006, and $4.6 million in 2005, including the proceeds from the sale of Peak Technologies.

Other

Included in cash and cash equivalents of $379.0 million at December 31, 2007 were short-term investments in the amount of $87.8 million, which primarily consist of certificate and short-term deposits and money market funds. These investments are with institutions with sound credit ratings and are believed to be highly liquid.

Dividends

Cash dividends paid to shareholders totaled $226.8 million, $225.0 million and $223.4 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The Company has consistently paid a dividend since becoming a public company in 1956 and currently has no plans to cease or reduce its dividend payments in 2008. The Company believes it will continue to generate sufficient cash flows from operations to pay future dividends that may be approved by the Company’s Board of Directors. On January 10, 2008, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.26 per common share, payable on March 3, 2008 to shareholders of record on January 25, 2008.

Contractual Cash Obligations and Other Commitments and Contingencies

The following table quantifies our future contractual obligations:

 

     Payments Due In
     Total    2008    2009    2010    2011    2012    Thereafter
     (in millions)

Total debt(1)

   $ 5,882.4    $ 936.9    $ 594.8    $ 670.8    $ 158.3    $ 765.4    $ 2,756.2

Operating leases

     677.7      146.7      113.3      93.5      71.3      55.3      197.6

Other(2)(3)

     289.0      213.0      72.9      3.1      —        —        —  
                                                

Total as of December 31, 2007

   $ 6,849.1    $ 1,296.6    $ 781.0    $ 767.4    $ 229.6    $ 820.7    $ 2,953.8
                                                

 

(1) Total debt as of December 31, 2007 includes scheduled interest payments.
(2) Other represents contractual obligations for outsourced services ($142.9 million), purchases of property, plant and equipment ($90.9 million), restructuring-related severance payments ($32.8 million) and purchases of natural gas ($6.0 million).

 

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(3) The Company has included $16.4 million of uncertain tax liabilities under FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” that are classified as current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. Excluded from the table are $195.8 million of uncertain tax liabilities, as the Company is unable to reasonably estimate the ultimate amount or timing of settlement.

The Company expects to pay $211.9 million in interest in 2008. In addition, the Company expects to make cash contributions of approximately $35.6 million to its pension plans and approximately $15.8 million to its postretirement benefit plans in 2008, which are not reflected above.

On February 22, 2006, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to 10 million shares of the Company’s common stock through a variety of methods, including open market purchases, block transactions, accelerated share repurchase agreements or private transactions. Following such authorization and prior to July 25, 2007, the Company repurchased 4 million shares. On July 25, 2007, the Board of Directors increased the share repurchase program by 4 million shares, taking the total number of shares authorized for repurchase back to 10 million shares. Subsequent to July 25, 2007 and through December 31, 2007, the Company repurchased approximately 3.7 million shares. As of December 31, 2007, the Company is authorized under the terms of its share repurchase program to repurchase approximately 6.3 million shares. Such purchases may be made from time to time and discontinued at any time. On February 22, 2008, the Board increased the share repurchase program by approximately 3.7 million shares, bringing the total number of shares authorized for repurchase back to 10 million shares.

CAPITAL RESOURCES

The Company has a $2.0 billion unsecured and committed revolving credit facility (the “Facility”) that can be used for general corporate purposes, including letters of credit and as a backstop for the Company’s $2.0 billion commercial paper program. The Facility is subject to a number of restrictive covenants that, in part, limit the ability of the Company to create liens on assets, engage in mergers and consolidations, or dispose of assets. The financial covenants require a minimum interest coverage ratio and a maximum leverage ratio. The Company pays an annual commitment fee of 0.08% and LIBOR plus a spread on borrowings under the Facility. This Facility has a maturity date of January 8, 2012. As of December 31, 2007, there were $400.0 million of borrowings outstanding under the Facility. The Company also has $228.8 million in credit facilities outside of the U.S., most of which are uncommitted. As of December 31, 2007, the Company had $37.1 million in outstanding letters of credit, of which $24.6 million reduced availability under the Company’s credit facilities. Additionally, as of December 31, 2007, there were $308.1 million of borrowings under the Company’s commercial paper program. At December 31, 2007, approximately $1.3 billion was available under the Company’s committed credit facilities.

On February 27, 2008, the Company signed a definitive agreement to acquire Pro Line, a multi-facility, privately held producer of newspaper inserts headquartered in Irving, Texas for a purchase price of approximately $122 million. The Company expects to finance this acquisition through the issuance of commercial paper and existing cash on hand.

On December 27, 2007, the Company acquired Cardinal Brands, for a purchase price of approximately $123 million. The Company financed this acquisition through issuances of commercial paper and with existing cash on hand.

On May 16, 2007, the Company acquired Von Hoffmann, for a purchase price of approximately $413 million. The Company financed this acquisition through issuances of commercial paper and with existing cash on hand.

On January 24, 2007, the Company acquired Perry Judd’s, for a purchase price of approximately $182 million. The Company financed this acquisition with the proceeds from the issuance of the notes described previously, through issuances of commercial paper and with existing cash on hand.

On January 8, 2007, the Company issued $625 million of 5.625% notes due January 15, 2012 and $625 million of 6.125% notes due January 15, 2017. On January 9, 2007, the Company completed its acquisition of Banta for approximately $1.4 billion in cash. The Company financed this acquisition with the proceeds from the issuance of these notes and short-term borrowings under its commercial paper program.

 

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For the year ended December 31 2007, the Company purchased in the open market approximately 7.7 million shares of its common stock at a total cost of $309.5 million. The Company financed these share repurchases with existing cash on hand, through issuances of commercial paper and with borrowings under the Facility. As of December 31, 2007, the Company is authorized, under the terms of a share repurchase program approved by the Board of Directors, to repurchase up to approximately 6.3 million shares. On February 22, 2008, the Board increased the share repurchase program by approximately 3.7 million shares, bringing the total number of shares authorized for repurchase back to 10 million shares.

The Company was in compliance with its debt covenants as of December 31, 2007.

On January 3, 2007, the Company filed a new shelf registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the rules permitting “well-known seasoned issuers,” or “WKSIs,” to register an unlimited amount of securities to be issued from time to time in the future. Pursuant to the rules governing WKSI registration statements, the Company’s WKSI registration statement automatically became effective and available for use upon filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company completed its first offering from its WKSI registration statement on January 8, 2007 when the Company issued the $625.0 million of 5.625% notes due January 15, 2012 and $625.0 million of 6.125% notes due January 15, 2017 referred to above. Under this WKSI registration statement, provided the Company has necessary corporate approvals to do so, the Company may issue an unlimited amount of securities for any purpose designated by the Company, including acquisitions and refinancing existing obligations.

The Company has not relied on sources of funding from structured investment vehicles or the issuance of asset-backed commercial paper. As such, the Company's liquidity has remained strong throughout the ongoing credit market turmoil.

Risk Management

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on its variable debt and price risk on its fixed-rate debt. As of December 31, 2007, approximately 83% of the Company’s outstanding term debt was comprised of fixed-rate debt. Variable-rate commercial paper and short-term LIBOR based borrowings have increased to partially fund the Company’s acquisitions of Banta, Perry Judd’s, Von Hoffmann and Cardinal Brands and to finance share repurchases. At December 31, 2007, the Company’s exposure to rate fluctuations on variable-interest borrowings is limited to $725.0 million of short-term debt.

The Company is exposed to the impact of foreign currency fluctuations in certain countries in which it operates. The exposure to foreign currency movements is limited because the operating revenues and expenses of its various subsidiaries are substantially in the local currency of the country in which they operate. To the extent borrowings, sales, purchases, revenues, expenses or other transactions are not in the local currency of the operating unit, the Company may enter into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge the currency risk. As of December 31, 2007, the aggregate notional amount of outstanding forward contracts was approximately $162.0 million. Unrealized gains and losses from these foreign currency contracts were not significant at December 31, 2007. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

The Company has outstanding cross currency swaps with an aggregate notional value of $1,176.3 million, consisting of British pound sterling (“GBP”) 395.0 million, which exchange GBP for U.S. dollars; Eurodollar (“EUR”) 182.7 million, which exchange EUR for U.S. dollars; and GBP 125.0 million, which exchange GBP for EUR. These swaps require the Company to pay a fixed interest rate on the GBP notional amount and receive a fixed interest rate on the U.S. dollar notional amount, pay a fixed interest rate on the EUR notional amount and receive a fixed interest rate on the U.S. dollar notional amount and pay a fixed interest rate on the GBP notional amount and receive a fixed interest rate on the EUR notional amount, respectively. These swaps expire in 2010 ($682.5 million notional amount) and 2015 ($493.8 million notional amount). The Company has designated $675.8 million of the swaps as a cash flow hedge of the variability of the forecasted cash receipts from GBP

 

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denominated intercompany loans and $500.5 million of the swaps as a hedge of net investments in GBP and EUR denominated foreign operations. At December 31, 2007, the fair market value of these cross currency swaps of $72.0 million is included in other noncurrent liabilities. A gain of $1.1 million was recognized in net other income for the year ended December 31, 2007 for the portion of the changes in fair value of the cross-currency swaps that was ineffective as a net investment hedge. A loss of $1.5 million was recognized in net other expense for the year ended December 31, 2006 related to the changes in fair value of the cross-currency swaps that was ineffective as a net investment hedge.

OTHER INFORMATION

Environmental, Health and Safety

For a discussion of certain environmental, health and safety issues involving the Company, see Note 10, Commitments and Contingencies, to the consolidated financial statements.

Litigation and Contingent Liabilities

For a discussion of certain litigation involving the Company, see Note 10, Commitments and Contingencies, to the consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncements and Pending Accounting Standards

During 2007, 2006 and 2005, the Company adopted various accounting standards as described in Note 11, Retirement Plans, Note 12, Income Taxes and Note 17, Stock and Incentive Programs for Employees to the consolidated financial statements.

Pending standards and their estimated effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements are described in Note 21, New Accounting Pronouncements, to the consolidated financial statements.

 

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on its variable debt and price risk on its fixed rate debt. As of December 31, 2007, approximately 83% of the Company’s outstanding term debt was comprised of fixed-rate debt. Variable-rate commercial paper and short-term LIBOR-based borrowings have increased to partially fund the Company’s acquisitions of Banta, Perry Judd’s, Von Hoffmann and Cardinal Brands and to finance share repurchases. At December 31, 2007, the Company’s exposure to rate fluctuations on variable-interest borrowings is limited to $725.0 million of short-term debt.

The Company is exposed to the impact of foreign currency fluctuations in certain countries in which it operates. The exposure to foreign currency movements is limited because the operating revenues and expenses of its various subsidiaries are substantially in the local currency of the country in which they operate. To the extent borrowings, sales, purchases, revenues, expenses or other transactions are not in the local currency of the operating unit, the Company may enter into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge the currency risk. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, the aggregate notional amount of outstanding forward contracts was approximately $162.0 million and $153.6 million, respectively.

The Company assesses market risk based on changes in interest rates and foreign currency rates utilizing a sensitivity analysis that measures the potential loss in earnings, fair values and cash flows based on a hypothetical 10% change in interest and foreign currency rates. Using this sensitivity analysis, such changes would not have a material effect on interest income or expense, foreign currency gains and losses, and cash flows; and would change the fair values of fixed rate debt at December 31, 2007 and 2006 by approximately $111.5 million and $84.9 million, respectively.

 

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Credit Risk

The Company is exposed to credit risk on accounts receivable balances. This risk is limited due to the Company’s large, diverse customer base, dispersed over various geographic regions and industrial sectors. No single customer comprised more than 10% of the Company’s consolidated net sales in 2007, 2006 or 2005. The Company maintains provisions for potential credit losses and any such losses to date have been within the Company’s expectations.

Commodities

The primary raw materials used by the Company are paper and ink. To reduce price risk caused by market fluctuations, the Company has incorporated price adjustment clauses in certain sales contracts. Management believes a hypothetical 10% change in the price of paper and other raw materials would not have a significant effect on the Company’s consolidated annual results of operations or cash flows because these costs are generally passed through to its customers.

 

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

The financial information required by Item 8 is contained in Item 15 of Part IV.

 

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

 

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) and Rule 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective disclosure controls and procedures, as defined under Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. As of December 31, 2007, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2007 were effective in ensuring information required to be disclosed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K was recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information was accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2007 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

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Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The management of the Company, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).

Management of the Company, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007. Management based this assessment on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in “Internal Control—Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

Based on this assessment, management determined that, as of December 31, 2007, the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting.

Deloitte and Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, who audited the consolidated financial statements of the Company included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K , has also audited the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as stated in its report appearing below.

February 27, 2008

 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of

R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company

Chicago, Illinois

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2007 of the Company and our report dated February 27, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and included an explanatory paragraph regarding the Company’s adoption of the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes - an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109, on January 1, 2007, which clarifies the accounting for and disclosure of uncertain tax positions, and the Company’s January 1, 2007 early adoption of the fiscal year-end measurement date provision and December 31, 2006 adoption of the recognition and disclosure provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans - an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132R, which changed the method of accounting for pension and postretirement benefits.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Chicago, Illinois

February 27, 2008

 

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

 

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PART III

 

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF R.R. DONNELLEY & SONS COMPANY AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Information regarding directors and executive officers of the Company is incorporated herein by reference to the descriptions under “Proposal 1: Election of Directors,” “The Board’s Committees and their Functions” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” of our Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held May 28, 2008 (the “2008 Proxy Statement”). See also the information with respect to our executive officers at the end of Part I of this Report under the caption “Executive Officers of R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company.”

The Company has adopted a policy statement entitled Code of Ethics that applies to our chief executive officer and our senior financial officers. In the event that an amendment to, or a waiver from, a provision of the Code of Ethics is made or granted, the Company intends to post such information on its web site, www.rrdonnelley.com. A copy of our Code of Ethics has been filed as Exhibit 14 to our Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003.

 

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Information regarding executive and director compensation is incorporated by reference to the material under the captions “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Human Resources Committee Report,” “Executive Compensation,” “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control,” and “Director Compensation” of the 2008 Proxy Statement.

 

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Information regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is incorporated herein by reference to the material under the heading “Stock Ownership” of the 2008 Proxy Statement.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

Information as of December 31, 2007 concerning compensation plans under which RR Donnelley’s equity securities are authorized for issuance is as follows:

Equity Compensation Plan Information

 

Plan Category(1)

   Number of Securities
to Be Issued upon
Exercise of
Outstanding Options,
Warrants and Rights
   Weighted-Average
Exercise Price of
Outstanding Options,
Warrants and
Rights(4)
   Number of Securities
Remaining Available for
Future Issuance under
Equity Compensation Plans
(Excluding Securities
Reflected in Column (a))
 
    

(in thousands)

(a)

   (b)   

(in thousands)

(c)

 

Equity compensation plans approved by security holders(2)

   3,341.1    $ 32.07    2,500.3 (5)

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders(3)

   1,337.6      24.74    5,011.7  
                  

Total

   4,678.7    $ 30.01    7,512.0  
                  

 

(1)

Upon the acquisition of Moore Wallace on February 27, 2004, stock options and units outstanding under various Moore Wallace plans, other than the Moore Wallace 2003 Long-Term Incentive Plan, (pursuant to which no subsequent awards may be made) were exchanged for or converted into stock options and units

 

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with respect to common stock of the Company. As of December 31, 2007, 246,127 shares were issuable upon the exercise of stock options with a weighted average exercise price per share of $12.92. Information regarding these awards is not included in the table.

(2) Includes 1,073,542 shares issuable upon the vesting of restricted stock units and 275,000 shares issuable upon the vesting of performance units (assuming that maximum performance levels are achieved) issued under the Company’s 2004 Performance Incentive Plan.
(3) Represents the 2000 Broad-Based Incentive Plan and the Moore Wallace 2003 Long-Term Incentive Plan. Includes 557,234 shares issuable upon the vesting of restricted stock units issued under the Moore Wallace 2003 Long-Term Incentive Plan.
(4) Restricted stock units and performance units were excluded when determining the weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights.
(5) All of these shares are available for issuance under the 2004 Performance Incentive Plan. The 2004 Performance Incentive Plan allows grants in the form of cash or bonus awards, stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, stock units or combinations thereof. The maximum number of shares of common stock that may be granted with respect to bonus awards, including performance awards or fixed awards in the form of restricted stock or other form, is 3,000,000 in the aggregate, excluding any such awards made pursuant to an employment agreement with a newly-hired Chief Executive Officer of the Company, of which 1,711,787 remain available for issuance. The number of available shares assumes that, with respect to outstanding performance units, maximum performance levels will be achieved.

Moore Wallace 2003 Long-Term Incentive Plan

Upon acquiring Moore Wallace, the Company assumed the Moore Wallace 2003 Long-Term Incentive Plan (2003 LTIP) pursuant to which subsequent awards can be made. The shareholders of Moore Wallace previously had approved the 2003 LTIP. Under the 2003 LTIP, all employees of Moore Wallace and its subsidiaries who have demonstrated significant management potential or who have the capacity for contributing in a substantial measure to the successful performance of Moore Wallace are eligible to participate in the plan. Awards under the 2003 LTIP may consist of restricted stock or restricted stock units, and also pursuant to the plan, a one-time grant of 85,000 options to purchase common shares of Moore Wallace was issued to a particular employee. The 2003 LTIP is administered by the Board of Directors of the Company which may delegate any or all of its responsibilities to the human resources committee of the Board of Directors.

There are 6,300,000 shares of common stock of the Company reserved and authorized for issuance under the 2003 LTIP (as adjusted to reflect the conversion ratio used in the acquisition of Moore Wallace). As of December 31, 2007, there were 557,234 restricted stock units outstanding and 5,011,716 shares available for future issuance under the 2003 LTIP. The time period during which these shares will be available for issuance will not be extended beyond the period when they would have been available under the plan absent the acquisition of Moore Wallace. The restricted stock units generally vest equally over a period of four years and are forfeited upon termination of employment prior to vesting (subject in some cases to early vesting upon specified events, including death or permanent disability of the grantee, termination of the grantee’s employment under certain circumstances or a “change in control”). No awards may be granted under the 2003 LTIP to any individual who was not an employee of Moore Wallace at the date of its acquisition by the Company.

2000 Broad-Based Stock Incentive Plan

In 2000, the Board of Directors approved the adoption of the 2000 Broad-Based Stock Incentive Plan (2000 Broad-Based Plan) to provide incentives to key employees of the Company and its subsidiaries. Awards under the 2000 Broad-Based Plan were generally not restricted to any specific form or structure and could include, without limitation, stock options, stock units, restricted stock awards, cash or stock bonuses and stock appreciation rights. The 2000 Broad-Based Plan is administered by the human resources committee of the Board of Directors, which may delegate its responsibilities to the chief executive officer or another executive officer. The 2000 Broad-Based Plan was terminated in February 2004 and no new awards may be made under the plan.

 

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Originally, 2,000,000 shares of RR Donnelley common stock were reserved and authorized for issuance under the 2000 Broad-Based Plan. An additional 3,000,000 shares (for an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares) were subsequently reserved and authorized for issuance under the 2000 Broad-Based Plan. As of December 31, 2007, options to purchase 780,399 shares of common stock were outstanding under the 2000 Broad-Based Plan. These options have a purchase price equal to the fair market value of a share of common stock at the time of the grant. All of the outstanding options generally vest over a period of three years, are not exercisable unless vested (subject in some cases to early vesting and exercisability upon specified events, including the death or permanent disability of the optionee, termination of the optionee’s employment under specified circumstances or a “change in control”) and generally expire 10 years after the date of grant. No awards other than options were made under the 2000 Broad-Based Plan.

 

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Information regarding certain relationships and related transactions and director independence is incorporated herein by reference to the material under the heading “Certain Transactions,” “The Board’s Committees and Their Functions” and “Corporate Governance—Independence of Directors” of the 2008 Proxy Statement.

 

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

Information regarding principal accounting fees and services is incorporated herein by reference to the material under the heading “The Company’s Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” of the 2008 Proxy Statement.

 

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PART IV

 

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

 

(a) 1. Financial Statements

The financial statements listed in the accompanying index (page F-1) to the financial statements are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

(b) Exhibits

The exhibits listed on the accompanying index (pages E-1 through E-3) are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

(c) Financial Statement Schedules omitted

Certain schedules have been omitted because the required information is included in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto or because they are not applicable or not required.

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on the 27th day of February 2008.

 

R.R. DONNELLEY & SONS COMPANY
By:   /s/    MILES W. MCHUGH        
  Miles W. McHugh
  Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
  (Principal Financial Officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated, on the 27th day of February 2008.

 

Signature and Title

  

Signature and Title

/S/    THOMAS J. QUINLAN, III        

Thomas J. Quinlan, III

President and Chief Executive Officer, Director

(Principal Executive Officer)

  

/S/    JOHN C. POPE*        

John C. Pope

Director

/S/    MILES W. MCHUGH        

Miles W. McHugh

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

  

/S/    MICHAEL T. RIORDAN*        

Michael T. Riordan

Director

/S/    ANDREW B. COXHEAD        

Andrew B. Coxhead

Senior Vice President and Controller

(Principal Accounting Officer)

  

/S/    LIONEL H. SCHIPPER*        

Lionel H. Schipper

Director

 

E. V. Goings

Director

  

/S/    OLIVER R. SOCKWELL*        

Oliver R. Sockwell

Director

/S/    JUDITH H. HAMILTON*        

Judith H. Hamilton

Director

  

 

Bide L. Thomas

Director

/S/    THOMAS S. JOHNSON*        

Thomas S. Johnson

Director

  

/S/    NORMAN H. WESLEY*        

Norman H. Wesley

Director

  

/S/    STEPHEN M. WOLF*        

Stephen M. Wolf

Chairman of the Board, Director

 

By:   /s/    SUZANNE S. BETTMAN        
  Suzanne S. Bettman
  As Attorney-in-Fact

 

* By Suzanne S. Bettman as Attorney-in-Fact pursuant to Powers of Attorney executed by the directors listed above, which Powers of Attorney have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

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ITEM 15(a). INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

     Page

Consolidated Statements of Operations for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007

   F-2

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2007 and 2006

   F-3

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007

   F-4

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007

   F-5

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

   F-6

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   F-45

Unaudited Interim Financial Information, Dividend Summary and Financial Summary

   F-46

 

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R.R. DONNELLEY & SONS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in millions, except per share data)

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

Net sales

   $ 11,587.1     $ 9,316.6     $ 8,430.2  

Cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown below)

     8,532.4       6,798.9       6,090.3  

Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown below)

     1,302.3       1,097.6       1,044.7  

Restructuring and impairment charges (Note 4)

     839.0       206.1       419.8  

Depreciation and amortization

     598.3       463.3       425.0  
                        

Total operating expenses

     11,272.0       8,565.9       7,979.8  
                        

Income from continuing operations

     315.1       750.7       450.4  

Interest expense—net (Note 13)

     227.3       139.0       110.7  

Investment and other income (expense)—net (Note 8)

     3.6       (10.4 )     (7.9 )
                        

Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes and minority interest

     91.4       601.3       331.8  
                        

Income taxes (Note 12)

     136.5       196.0       237.4  

Minority interest

     3.3       2.7       (1.2 )
                        

Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations

     (48.4 )     402.6       95.6  

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

     (0.5 )     (2.0 )     41.5  
                        

Net earnings (loss)

   $ (48.9 )   $ 400.6     $ 137.1  
                        

Earnings (loss) per share:

      

Basic:

      

Continuing operations

   $ (0.22 )   $ 1.86     $ 0.45  

Discontinued operations

     —         (0.01 )     0.19  
                        

Net earnings (loss) per share, basic

   $ (0.22 )   $ 1.85     $ 0.64  
                        

Diluted:

      

Continuing operations

   $ (0.22 )   $ 1.84     $ 0.44  

Discontinued operations

     —         (0.01 )     0.19  
                        

Net earnings (loss) per share, diluted

   $ (0.22 )   $ 1.83     $ 0.63  
                        

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:

      

Basic

     218.0       216.4       215.0  

Diluted

     218.0       218.9       216.7  

 

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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R.R. DONNELLEY & SONS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in millions, except per share data)

 

     December 31,  
     2007     2006  

ASSETS

    

Cash and equivalents

   $ 379.0     $ 211.4  

Restricted cash equivalents

     63.9       —    

Receivables, less allowances for doubtful accounts of $63.6 in 2007 and $79.8 in 2006

     2,181.2       1,638.6  

Inventories (Note 6)

     709.5       501.8  

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     85.5       70.4  

Deferred income taxes (Note 12)

     102.2       94.8  
                

Total current assets

     3,521.3       2,517.0  
                

Property, plant and equipment—net (Note 7)

     2,726.0       2,142.3  

Goodwill (Note 5)

     3,264.9       2,886.8  

Other intangible assets—net (Note 5)

     1,323.2       1,119.8  

Prepaid pension cost (Note 11)

     833.2       638.6  

Other noncurrent assets

     418.1       331.3  
                

Total assets

   $ 12,086.7     $ 9,635.8  
                

LIABILITIES

    

Accounts payable

   $ 954.9     $ 749.1  

Accrued liabilities (Note 9)

     1,085.3       839.2  

Short-term and current portion of long-term debt (Note 13)

     725.0       23.5  
                

Total current liabilities

     2,765.2       1,611.8  
                

Long-term debt (Note 13)

     3,601.9       2,358.6  

Postretirement benefits (Note 11)

     247.9       288.0  

Deferred income taxes (Note 12)

     872.3       604.1  

Other noncurrent liabilities

     689.1       645.4  

Liabilities of discontinued operations (Note 3)

     3.0       3.2  
                

Total liabilities

     8,179.4       5,511.1  
                

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 10)

    

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

    

Preferred stock, $1.00 par value

     —         —    

Authorized: 2.0 shares; Issued: None

    

Common stock, $1.25 par value

     303.7       303.7  

Authorized: 500.0 shares; Issued: 243.0 shares in 2007 and 2006

    

Additional paid-in-capital

     2,858.4       2,871.8  

Retained earnings

     1,312.9       1,615.0  

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     341.3       62.1  

Treasury stock, at cost, 27.1 shares in 2007 (24.2 shares—2006)

     (909.0 )     (727.9 )
                

Total shareholders’ equity

     3,907.3       4,124.7  
                

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   $ 12,086.7     $ 9,635.8  
                

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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R.R. DONNELLEY & SONS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in millions)

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

OPERATING ACTIVITIES

      

Net earnings (loss)

   $ (48.9 )   $ 400.6     $ 137.1  

Adjustments to reconcile net earnings (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:

      

Loss (income) from discontinued operations

     0.5       2.0       (41.5 )

Impairment charges

     778.6       140.9       370.1  

Depreciation and amortization

     598.3       463.3       425.0  

Provision for doubtful accounts receivable

     11.2       29.0       24.1  

Share-based compensation

     27.9       34.6       42.6  

Deferred taxes

     (89.2 )     34.8       (13.0 )

Reversal of tax reserves

     (9.3 )     (27.3 )     (6.7 )

Loss (gain) on sale of investments and other assets—net

     2.8       (0.7 )     14.6  

Other

     25.4       19.7       38.0  

Changes in operating assets and liabilities of continuing operations—net of acquisitions:

      

Accounts receivable—net

     (84.3 )     (86.6 )     (181.7 )

Inventories

     (10.1 )     (15.7 )     (17.8 )

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     (2.1 )     2.6       6.2  

Accounts payable

     (1.3 )     14.3       39.4  

Accrued liabilities and other

     (22.7 )     (107.8 )     135.1  
                        

Net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations

     1,176.8       903.7       971.5  

Net cash used in operating activities of discontinued operations

     (0.7 )     (0.2 )     (24.0 )
                        

Net cash provided by operating activities

     1,176.1       903.5       947.5  
                        

INVESTING ACTIVITIES

      

Capital expenditures

     (482.0 )     (374.3 )     (471.0 )

Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired

     (2,052.4 )     (244.3 )     (1,194.3 )

Proceeds from sale of investments and other assets

     8.3       10.2       43.4  

Transfers from restricted cash

     15.2       —         —    
                        

Net cash used in investing activities of continuing operations

     (2,510.9 )     (608.4 )     (1,621.9 )

Net cash provided by investing activities of discontinued operations

     —         —         19.4  
                        

Net cash used in investing activities

     (2,510.9 )     (608.4 )     (1,602.5 )
                        

FINANCING ACTIVITIES

      

Payments of current maturities and long-term debt

     (5.8 )     (246.7 )     (170.1 )

Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt

     1,244.2       —         997.9  

Proceeds from credit facility borrowings

     400.0       —         —    

Net change in other short-term debt

     282.1       (21.6 )     (15.1 )

Issuance of common stock

     105.1       37.3       66.5  

Acquisition of common stock

     (309.5 )     (1.8 )     (270.4 )

Dividends paid

     (226.8 )     (225.0 )     (223.4 )

Debt issuance costs

     (13.1 )     —         (6.9 )
                        

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     1,476.2       (457.8 )     378.5  
                        

Effect of exchange rate on cash flows and cash equivalents

     26.2       7.4       1.4  
                        

Net increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents

     167.6       (155.3 )     (275.1 )
                        

Cash and equivalents at beginning of year

     211.4       366.7       641.8  
                        

Cash and equivalents at end of year

   $ 379.0     $ 211.4     $ 366.7  
                        

Supplemental non-cash disclosure:

      

Use of restricted cash to fund obligations associated with deferred compensation plans

   $ 36.5     $ —       $ —    

Acquisition of assets through direct financing

     —         10.8       —    

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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R.R. DONNELLEY & SONS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in millions)

 

    Common Stock   Additional
Paid-in-
Capital
    Treasury Stock     Unearned
Compensation
    Retained
Earnings
    Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
    Total  
    Shares   Amount     Shares     Amount          

Balance at January 1, 2005

  243.0     303.7     2,856.7     (20.6 )     (608.2 )     (30.3 )     1,536.9       (72.2 )     3,986.6  
                                                               

Net earnings

                137.1         137.1  

Translation adjustments

                  21.4       21.4  

Minimum pension liability adjustment

                  2.7       2.7  

Unrealized loss on investment

                  (4.3 )     (4.3 )

Change in fair value of derivatives

                  (37.8 )     (37.8 )
                       

Comprehensive income

                    119.1  
                       

Treasury stock activity

        9.6     (4.9 )     (163.8 )       (11.2 )       (165.4 )

Cash dividends paid

                (223.4 )       (223.4 )

Stock-based awards, net of amortization

        21.9           (14.6 )         7.3  
                                                               

Balance at December 31, 2005

  243.0     303.7     2,888.2     (25.5 )     (772.0 )     (44.9 )     1,439.4       (90.2 )     3,724.2  
                                                               

Net earnings

                400.6         400.6  

Translation adjustments

                  57.8       57.8  

Minimum pension liability adjustment

                  (4.5 )     (4.5 )

Unrealized gain on investment

                  1.3       1.3  

Change in fair value of derivatives

                  26.4       26.4  
                       

Comprehensive income

                    481.6  
                       

SFAS 158 transition adjustment

                  71.3       71.3  

Treasury stock activity

        (0.5 )     (14.4 )           (14.4 )

Cash dividends paid

                (225.0 )       (225.0 )

Stock-based awards, net of amortization

        (16.4 )   1.8       58.5       44.9           87.0  
                                                               

Balance at December 31, 2006

  243.0   $ 303.7   $ 2,871.8     (24.2 )   $ (727.9 )   $ —       $ 1,615.0     $ 62.1     $ 4,124.7  
                                                               

Net earnings (loss)

                (48.9 )       (48.9 )

Translation adjustments

                  129.4       129.4  

Pension and other benefit liability adjustments

                  85.4       85.4  

Unrealized gain on investment

                  0.5       0.5  

Change in fair value of derivatives

                  0.2       0.2  
                       

Comprehensive income

                    166.6  
                       

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle (“FIN 48”)

                (23.0 )       (23.0 )

SFAS 158 transition adjustment

                (3.4 )     63.7       60.3  

Acquisition of common stock.

        (7.7 )     (309.5 )           (309.5 )

Cash dividends paid

                (226.8 )       (226.8 )

Stock-based awards:

                 

Grants, net of amortization.

        (13.4 )   6.0       172.6             159.2  

Withholdings and other.

        (1.2 )     (44.2 )           (44.2 )
                                                               

Balance at December 31, 2007

  243.0   $ 303.7   $ 2,858.4     (27.1 )   $ (909.0 )   $ —       $ 1,312.9     $ 341.3     $ 3,907.3  
                                                               

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions, except per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Note 1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation—The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company and its subsidiaries (the “Company” or “RR Donnelley”) and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accounts of businesses acquired during 2007, 2006 and 2005 are included in the consolidated financial statements from the dates of acquisition (see Note 2). Certain prior-year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the Company’s current segment structure (see Note 19).

Nature of Operations—The Company provides a wide variety of print and print-related services including business process outsourcing. The Company also provides logistics and distribution services for its print customers and other mailers.

Use of Estimates—The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the extensive use of management’s estimates and assumptions that affect the reported assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Estimates are used when accounting for items and matters including, but not limited to, allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable, inventory obsolescence, asset valuations and useful lives, employee benefits, self-insurance reserves, taxes, restructuring and other provisions and contingencies.

Foreign Operations—Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate existing at the respective balance sheet dates. Income and expense items are translated at the average rates during the respective periods. Translation adjustments resulting from fluctuations in exchange rates are recorded as a separate component of other comprehensive income (loss) within shareholders’ equity while transaction gains and losses are recorded in net income (loss).

Fair Value of Financial Instruments—The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, short-term debt and accounts payable approximate their carrying values. See Note 14 for the fair value of derivative instruments and Note 13 for the fair value of debt instruments.

Revenue Recognition—The Company recognizes revenue for the majority of its products upon transfer of title and the passage of the risk of loss, which is generally upon shipment to the customer. Contracts generally specify F.O.B. shipping point terms. Under agreements with certain customers, custom products may be stored by the Company for future delivery. In these situations, the Company may receive a logistics or warehouse management fee for the services it provides. In certain of these cases, delivery and billing schedules are outlined in the customer agreement and product revenue is recognized when manufacturing is complete, title and risk of loss transfer to the customer, and there is a reasonable assurance as to collectibility. Because the majority of products are customized, product returns are not significant; however, the Company accrues for the estimated amount of customer credits at the time of sale.

Revenue from services is recognized as services are performed. Long-term contract revenue is recognized based on the completed contract method or percentage of completion method. The percentage of completion method is used only for contracts that will take longer than three months to complete, where project stages are clearly defined and can be invoiced and where the contract contains enforceable rights by both parties. Revenue related to short-term service contracts and contracts that do not meet the percentage of completion criteria is recognized when the contract is completed. For each of the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, revenue from services was below 10% of the Company’s consolidated net sales.

Financial print revenues include highly customized materials such as regulatory S-filings, initial public offerings and EDGAR-related services. Revenue is recognized for these services following final delivery of the printed product or upon completion of the service performed. Revenues related to digital solutions services,

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions, except per share data and unless otherwise indicated)—(Continued)

 

which includes digital content management such as photography, color services and page production, are recognized in accordance with the terms of the contract, typically upon completion of the performed service and acceptance by the customer. With respect to the Company’s logistics operations, whose operations include the delivery of printed material, the Company recognizes revenue upon completion of the services provided.

Certain revenues earned by the Company require judgment to determine if revenue should be recorded gross as a principal or net of related costs as an agent, in accordance with EITF 99-19, “Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal versus Net as an Agent”, and the related guidance in EITF 00-10, “Accounting for Shipping and Handling Fees and Costs” and EITF 01-14, “Income Statement Characterization of Reimbursements Received for ‘Out-of-Pocket’ Expenses Incurred”. Billings for third-party shipping and handling costs, primarily in the Company’s logistics operations, and out-of-pocket expenses are recorded gross. In the Company’s Global Turnkey Solutions operations, each contract is evaluated using various criteria to determine if revenue for components and other materials should be recognized on a gross or net basis. In general, these revenues are recognized on a gross basis if the Company has control over selecting vendors and pricing, is the primary obligor in the arrangement, bears all credit risk, and bears the risk of loss for inventory in its possession. Revenue from contracts that do not meet these criteria is recognized on a net basis. Many of the Company’s operations process materials, primarily paper, that may be supplied directly by customers or may be purchased by the Company and sold to customers. No revenue is recognized for customer-supplied paper, but revenues for Company-supplied paper are recognized on a gross basis.

The Company records deferred revenue in situations where amounts are invoiced but the revenue recognition criteria outlined above are not met. Such revenue is recognized when all criteria are subsequently met.

The Company records taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities on a net basis.

By-Product Recoveries—The Company records the sale of by-products as a reduction of cost of sales.

Cash and equivalents and restricted cash equivalents—The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Short-term securities consist of investment grade instruments of governments, financial institutions and corporations. As of December 31, 2007, $63.9 million of restricted cash equivalents was held in a trust to cover payments, both current and long-term, due to retired and former employees of Banta Corporation, some of whom are current employees of RR Donnelley.

Receivables—Receivables are stated net of allowances for doubtful accounts and primarily include trade receivables, notes receivable and miscellaneous receivables from suppliers. No single customer comprised more than 10% of the Company’s consolidated net sales in 2007, 2006 or 2005. Specific customer provisions are made when a review of significant outstanding amounts, utilizing information about customer creditworthiness and current economic trends, indicates that collection is doubtful. In addition, provisions are made at differing rates, based upon the age of the receivable and the Company’s historical collection experience.

Transactions affecting the allowances for doubtful accounts during the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 were as follows:

 

     2007     2006     2005  
     in millions  

Allowance for trade receivable losses:

      

Balance, beginning of year

   $ 79.8     $ 61.3     $ 44.5  

Provisions charged to expense

     11.2       29.0       24.1  

Write-offs and other

     (27.4 )     (10.5 )     (7.3 )
                        

Balance, end of year

   $ 63.6     $ 79.8     $ 61.3  
                        

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions, except per share data and unless otherwise indicated)—(Continued)

 

Inventories—Inventories include material, labor and factory overhead and are stated at the lower of cost or market. The cost of approximately 66.2% and 72.9% of the inventories at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, has been determined using the Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) method. This method reflects the effect of inventory replacement costs within results of operations; accordingly, charges to cost of sales reflect recent costs of material, labor and factory overhead. The Company uses an external-index method of valuing LIFO inventories. The remaining inventories, primarily related to certain acquired and international operations, are valued using the First-In, First-Out (FIFO) or specific identification methods.

Long-lived Assets—The Company assesses potential impairments to its long-lived assets if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are reviewed annually for impairment or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. An impaired asset is written down to its estimated fair value based upon the most recent information available. Estimated fair market value is generally measured by discounting estimated future cash flows. Long-lived assets other than goodwill and intangible assets that are held for sale are recorded at the lower of the carrying value or the fair market value less the estimated cost to sell.

The Company’s investments in certain affordable housing partnerships are included in other noncurrent assets. Based on its ownership percentages and inability to exercise significant influence, the Company accounts for its investments in affordable housing under the cost method. The Company’s share of any declines in the estimated fair value of the underlying properties that are deemed to be other than temporary is recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the investment. The Company determines its estimates of fair value using remaining future tax credits and tax deductions to be received and expected residual values upon sale or disposition of its ownership interests. Expected residual values are developed from industry assumptions and cash flow projections provided by the underlying partnerships, which include certain assumptions with respect to operating costs, debt levels and certain market data related to the properties such as assumed vacancy rates. In addition, the Company has other investments in affordable housing partnerships that are consolidated (See Note 8).

Property, plant and equipment—Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Useful lives range from 15 to 40 years for buildings and from 3 to 15 years for machinery and equipment. Maintenance and repair costs are charged to expense as incurred. Major overhauls that extend the useful lives of existing assets are capitalized. When properties are retired or disposed, the costs and accumulated depreciation are eliminated and the resulting profit or loss is recognized in the results of operations.

Goodwill—Goodwill is reviewed annually for impairment as of October 31 or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is below its carrying value. In performing this analysis, the Company compares each reporting unit’s fair value estimated based on comparable company market valuations and/or expected future discounted cash flows to be generated by the reporting unit to its carrying value. If the carrying value exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, the Company performs an additional fair value measurement calculation to determine the impairment loss, which would be charged to operations in the period identified (see Note 4).

Amortization—Certain costs to acquire and develop internal-use computer software are amortized over their estimated useful life using the straight-line method, up to a maximum of five years. Deferred debt issue costs are amortized over the term of the related debt. Identifiable intangible assets are recognized apart from goodwill and are amortized over their estimated useful lives, except for identifiable intangible assets with indefinite lives, which are not amortized.

Financial Instruments—The Company uses derivative financial instruments to hedge exposures to interest rate and foreign exchange fluctuations in the ordinary course of business.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions, except per share data and unless otherwise indicated)—(Continued)

 

All derivatives are recorded as other assets or other liabilities on the balance sheet at their respective fair values with unrealized gains and losses recorded in comprehensive income, net of applicable income taxes, or in the results of operations, depending on the purpose for which the derivative is held. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that do not meet the criteria for designation as a hedge at inception, or fail to meet the criteria thereafter, are recognized currently in results of operations. At inception of a hedge transaction, the Company formally documents the hedge relationship and the risk management objective for undertaking the hedge. In addition, the Company assesses, both at inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivative in the hedging transaction has been highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows of the hedged item and whether the derivative is expected to continue to be highly effective. The impact of any ineffectiveness is recognized currently in results of operations.

Share-Based Compensation—The Company has share-based compensation plans as described in Note 17. On January 1, 2006, the Company adopted statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123(R), “Shared-Based Payment,” (“SFAS No. 123(R)”) using the modified prospective application transition method, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense, based on estimated fair values, for all share-based awards made to employees and directors, including stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance share units. The Company recognizes compensation expense for share-based awards expected to vest on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award based on their grant date fair value. The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, reflect the impact of SFAS No. 123(R). In accordance with the modified prospective application transition method, the Company’s consolidated financial statements for prior periods have not been restated to reflect, and do not include, the impact of SFAS No. 123(R).

Pension and Postretirement Plans—The Company records annual income and expense amounts relating to is pension and postretirement plans based on calculations which include various actuarial assumptions, including discount rates, mortality, assumed rates of return, compensation increases, turnover rates and healthcare cost trend rates. The Company reviews its actuarial assumptions on an annual basis and makes modifications to the assumptions based on current rates and trends when it is deemed appropriate to do so. The effect of modifications on the value of plan obligations and assets is recognized immediately within other comprehensive income and amortized into operating earnings over future periods. The Company believes that the assumptions utilized in recording its obligations under its plans are reasonable based on its experience, market conditions and input from its actuaries and investment advisors. In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans – amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106 and 132(R)” (“SFAS 158”), the Company adopted the provisions requiring a fiscal year-end measurement date during the first quarter of 2007. The effect of adopting SFAS 158 on the Company’s financial position at December 31, 2006 has been included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. See Note 11 for further discussion.

Taxes on Income—Deferred taxes are provided on an asset and liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and operating loss carryforwards and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax basis. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment. The Company is regularly audited by foreign and domestic tax authorities. These audits occasionally result in proposed assessments where the ultimate resolution might result in the Company owing additional taxes, including in some cases, penalties and interest. On January 1, 2007, the Company adopted the provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”), which clarifies the accounting for and disclosure of uncertain tax positions. The Company recognizes a tax position in its financial statements when it is more likely than not (i.e., a likelihood

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions, except per share data and unless otherwise indicated)—(Continued)

 

of more than fifty percent) that the position would be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. This recognized tax position is then measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Although management believes that its estimates are reasonable, the final outcome of uncertain tax positions may be materially different from that which is reflected in the Company’s historical financial statements. The Company adjusts such reserves upon changes in circumstances that would cause a change to the estimate of the ultimate liability, upon effective settlement or upon the expiration of the statute of limitations, in the period in which such event occurs. See Note 12 for further discussion.

Comprehensive Income—Comprehensive income for the Company consists of net earnings (loss), unrecognized gains and losses and prior service cost for pension and postretirement benefit plans, unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities available for sale, changes in the fair value of certain derivative financial instruments and foreign currency translation adjustments and is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity.

Note 2. Acquisitions

2007 Acquisitions

On January 9, 2007, the Company acquired Banta Corporation (“Banta”), a provider of comprehensive printing and digital imaging solutions to publishers and direct marketers, including digital content management and e-business services. Additionally, Banta provided a wide range of procurement management and other outsourcing capabilities to technology companies. The purchase price for Banta was approximately $1,352.7 million, net of cash acquired of $72.9 million and including $13.8 million of acquisition costs and the assumption of $17.6 million of Banta’s debt. Banta’s operations are included in the U.S. Print and Related Services segment with the exception of its Global Turnkey Solutions operations, which are included in the International segment.

On January 24, 2007, the Company acquired Perry Judd’s Holdings Incorporated (“Perry Judd’s”), a provider of consumer and business-to-business catalogs as well as consumer, trade, and association magazines. The purchase price for Perry Judd’s was approximately $181.5 million, net of cash acquired of $0.3 million and including acquisition costs of $2.6 million. Perry Judd’s operations are included in the U.S. Print and Related Services segment.

On May 16, 2007, the Company acquired Von Hoffmann, a U.S.-based printer of books and other products that serve primarily the education, trade and business-to-business catalog sectors. The purchase price for Von Hoffmann was approximately $412.5 million including acquisition costs of $7.5 million. Von Hoffmann’s operations are included in the U.S. Print and Related Services segment.

On December 27, 2007, the Company acquired Cardinal Brands, Inc. (“Cardinal Brands”), a designer, developer and manufacturer of document-related business, consumer and hobby products. The purchase price for Cardinal Brands was approximately $122.6 million, net of cash acquired of $1.7 million and including acquisition costs of $3.0 million. Cardinal Brands’ operations are included in the U.S. Print and Related Services segment.

The operations of these acquired businesses are complementary to the Company’s existing products and services. As a result, the addition of these businesses is expected to improve the Company’s ability to serve customers, increase capacity utilization and reduce management, procurement and manufacturing costs.

These acquisitions were recorded by allocating the cost of the assets acquired, including intangible assets and liabilities assumed, based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition dates. The excess of the cost of each acquisition over the net amounts assigned to the fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed was recorded as goodwill, none of which is tax deductible. The allocation below is preliminary, as the final valuation of identifiable intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, deferred taxes and tax contingencies

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions, except per share data and unless otherwise indicated)—(Continued)

 

has not been completed for the Cardinal Brands acquisition. The purchase price allocations for the remaining acquisitions completed during 2007 are final, with the exception of the evaluation of certain deferred tax balances. The preliminary purchase price allocation is as follows:

 

Restricted cash equivalents

   $ 102.5  

Accounts receivable

     424.3  

Inventories

     182.5  

Other current assets

     14.0  

Property, plant and equipment and other long-term assets

     590.8  

Amortizable and non-amortizable intangible assets

     619.3  

Goodwill

     798.4  

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

     (329.4 )

Postretirement and pension benefits and other long-term liabilities

     (50.2 )

Deferred taxes—net

     (282.9 )
        

Total purchase price—net of cash acquired

     2,069.3  

Debt assumed and not repaid

     17.6  
        

Net cash paid

   $ 2,051.7  
        

At December 31, 2007, restricted cash equivalents of $69.9 million, of which $6.0 million is classified in other noncurrent assets, are held in a trust to cover payments, both current and long-term, due to certain current employees of RR Donnelley and retired and former employees of Banta Corporation. This trust was funded by Banta in October 2006 after Banta received an unsolicited proposal from a third party other than the Company to acquire Banta. This unsolicited proposal automatically triggered a requirement for Banta to fund the trust to cover such payments. The trust was originally adopted by the Board of Directors of Banta in 1991.

2006 Acquisition

On April 27, 2006, the Company acquired OfficeTiger Holdings, Inc. (“OfficeTiger”), a leading provider of integrated business process outsourcing services through its operations in North America, Europe, India, the Philippines and Sri Lanka. OfficeTiger’s transaction processing services were closely related and complementary to the Company’s pre-existing business process outsourcing resources. The purchase price for OfficeTiger was approximately $248.8 million, net of cash acquired of $5.6 million and including acquisition costs of $4.4 million. OfficeTiger’s operations are included in the International segment.

The OfficeTiger acquisition was recorded by allocating the cost to the assets acquired, including intangible assets and liabilities assumed, based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The excess of the cost of the acquisition over the net amounts assigned to the fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed was recorded as goodwill. The allocation below is finalized, except for the final valuation of certain tax contingencies. The Company is continuing its efforts to obtain certain information necessary to finalize its current estimate of the recorded liability associated with these tax contingencies. The preliminary purchase price allocation is as follows:

 

Accounts receivable

   $ 20.4  

Other current assets

     1.5  

Property, plant and equipment and other long-term assets

     7.2  

Amortizable intangible assets

     54.4  

Goodwill

     222.8  

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

     (33.3 )

Other long-term liabilities

     (11.1 )

Deferred taxes—net

     (13.1 )
        

Net cash paid

   $ 248.8  
        

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions, except per share data and unless otherwise indicated)—(Continued)

 

2005 Acquisitions

On June 20, 2005, the Company acquired The Astron Group Limited (“Astron”), a leader in the business process outsourcing sector, providing transactional print and mail services, data and print management, document production and marketing support services for customers primarily in the United Kingdom. Astron was acquired to extend the Company’s services in business process outsourcing. Astron was acquired for approximately $954.5 million, net of $10.2 million of cash acquired and including $8.5 million in acquisition costs and the assumption of $449.4 million of Astron’s debt. On the acquisition date, $434.5 million of the assumed debt was retired.

Also during 2005, the Company completed several smaller acquisitions to build on the Company’s scale advantages and extend its product offerings in key industry sectors and geographies. On July 7, 2005, the Company acquired Asia Printers Group Ltd. (“Asia Printers”), a book printer for customers in North America, Europe and Asia under the South China Printing brand and one of Hong Kong’s leading financial printers under the Roman Financial Press brand. On August 18, 2005, the Company acquired the Charlestown, Indiana print operations of Adplex-Rhodes (“Charlestown”), a producer of tabloid-sized retail inserts. On September 5, 2005, the Company acquired Poligrafia S.A. (“Poligrafia”), the third-largest printer of magazines, catalogs, retail inserts and books in Poland. On November 9, 2005, the Company acquired Spencer Press, Inc. (“Spencer”), a Wells, Maine based printer serving the catalog, retail and direct mail segments of the printing industry. On December 6, 2005, the Company acquired Critical Mail Continuity Services, Limited (“CMCS”), a United Kingdom based provider of disaster recovery, business continuity, digital printing, and print-and-mail services. The aggregate purchase price for these businesses was $272.4 million, net of cash acquired and including debt assumed of $23.0 million. Charlestown and Spencer are included in the U.S. Print and Related Services segment. Astron, Asia Printers including Roman Financial Press, Poligrafia and CMCS are included in the International segment.

The acquisitions were recorded by allocating the cost of the assets acquired, including intangible assets and liabilities assumed, based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition dates. The excess of the cost of each acquisition over the net amounts assigned to the fair value of the assets acquired and the liability assumed was recorded as goodwill. Based on these valuations, the final purchase price allocations for all of the businesses acquired in 2005 is as follows:

 

Accounts receivable

   $ 129.7  

Inventories

     42.2  

Other current assets

     29.4  

Property, plant and equipment and other long-term assets

     147.7  

Amortizable intangible assets

     535.6  

Goodwill

     680.6  

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

     (181.0 )

Postretirement and pension benefits and other long-term liabilities

     (13.0 )

Deferred taxes—net

     (144.3 )
        

Total purchase price—net of cash acquired

     1,226.9  

Debt assumed and not repaid

     37.9  
        

Net cash paid

   $ 1,189.0  
        

Pro forma results

The following unaudited pro forma financial information for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 presents the combined results of operations of the Company, Banta, Perry Judd’s, Von Hoffmann and Cardinal Brands as if the acquisition of each of Banta, Perry Judd’s, Von Hoffmann and Cardinal Brands had occurred at January 1, 2007 and January 1, 2006, respectively. The pro forma information for the year ended December 31, 2006 also reflects the acquisition of OfficeTiger as if this acquisition occurred on January 1, 2006.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions, except per share data and unless otherwise indicated)—(Continued)

 

The unaudited pro forma financial information is not intended to represent or be indicative of the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial condition that would have been reported had these acquisitions been completed as of the beginning of the periods presented and should not be taken as indicative of the Company’s future consolidated results of operations. Pro forma adjustments are tax-effected at the applicable statutory tax rates.

 

     2007     2006

Net sales

   $ 11,908.0     $ 11,617.0

Net earnings (loss)

     (57.0 )     364.7

Net earnings (loss) per share:

    

Basic

   $ (0.26 )   $ 1.69
              

Diluted

   $ (0.26 )   $ 1.67
              

The pro forma net earnings (loss) for 2007 and 2006 include $128.4 and $129.6 million, respectively, for the amortization of purchased intangibles. The unaudited pro forma financial information also includes restructuring and impairment charges from continuing operations of $839.0 million and $206.1 million for 2007 and 2006. Also included in net earnings (loss) were net losses from discontinued operations of $0.5 million and $2.0 million, respectively, for 2007 and 2006.

Note 3. Discontinued Operations and Divestitures

Discontinued Operations

On December 22, 2005, the Company sold its Peak Technologies business (“Peak”). On October 29, 2004, the Company sold its package logistics business. Both Peak and the package logistics business have been reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company had remaining liabilities for contractual obligations related to these discontinued businesses of $3.0 million and $3.2 million, respectively. These liabilities have been classified separately in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as liabilities of discontinued operations.

Included in the income (loss) from discontinued operations in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005 are the following:

 

     2007     2006     2005

Net sales

   $ —       $ —       $ 221.2

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

     (0.5 )     (2.0 )     41.5

The income (loss) from discontinued operations above included tax benefits of $0.4 million, $1.2 million and $99.3 million for 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

Included in the income (loss) from discontinued operations was net income related to Peak of $42.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. In 2005, net income from discontinued operations includes a gain on the sale of Peak of $55.2 million, including the impact of related pre-tax impairment charges of $36.6 million and tax benefits of $93.5 million.

Note 4. Restructuring and Impairment

The Company recorded restructuring and impairment charges of $839.0 million, $206.1 million, and $419.8 million in the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The charges in 2007 included $316.1 million for the write-off of the Moore Wallace, OfficeTiger and other trade names associated with the

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions, except per share data and unless otherwise indicated)—(Continued)

 

Company’s decision in June 2007 to unify most of its printing and related service offerings under the single RR Donnelley brand. Additionally, the 2007 charges include $436.1 million for the impairment of goodwill associated with the business process outsourcing reporting unit within the International segment. The charges in 2006 included $110.0 million for the impairment of goodwill in the business process outsourcing reporting unit within the International segment and $26.3 million for the write-down of the Astron trade name intangible asset. The charges in 2005 included $311.6 million and $50.7 million for the impairment of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets in the forms and labels reporting unit within the U.S. Print and Related Services segment and Canadian reporting unit within the International segment, respectively.

The restructuring charges recorded are based on restructuring plans that have been committed to by management and are, in part, based upon management’s best estimates of future events. Changes to the estimates may require future adjustments to the restructuring liabilities.

Restructuring and Impairment Costs Charged to Results of Operations

For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, the Company recorded the following restructuring and impairment charges:

 

2007

   Employee
Terminations
   Other
Charges
   Total
Restructuring
   Impairment    Total

U.S. Print and Related Services

     21.0      2.5      23.5      261.6      285.1

International

     20.3      3.8      24.1      514.6      538.7

Corporate

     8.0      4.8      12.8      2.4      15.2
                                  
   $ 49.3    $ 11.1    $ 60.4    $ 778.6    $ 839.0
                                  

In the fourth quarter of 2007, the Company recorded a non-cash charge of $436.1 million to reflect impairment of goodwill in the business process outsourcing reporting unit within the International segment. As part of its annual impairment analysis for this reporting unit, the Company engaged a third-party appraisal firm to assist the Company in its determination of the fair value of the unit, in part based on estimates of future cash flows developed by management. The estimated future cash flows of this reporting unit reflect a reduction in the fair value of the business based on lower expectations for growth and profitability resulting primarily from increased price competition for significant new contracts. Because the fair value of the reporting unit was below its carrying amount including goodwill, the Company performed an additional fair value measurement calculation to determine the amount of impairment loss. The Company also used the third-party appraisal firm to assist the Company in its determination of the value of the significant tangible and intangible long-lived assets of the reporting unit as part of this impairment calculation.

For the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company also recorded $342.5 million for impairment of other assets, of which $316.1 million reflects the write-off of the Moore Wallace, OfficeTiger and other trade names associated with the Company’s decision in June 2007 to unify most of its printing and related service offerings under the single RR Donnelley brand. Additionally, $26.4 million relates to the impairment of other long-lived assets, of which $19.1 million relates to the write-off of capitalized customer contract set-up costs in the business process outsourcing reporting unit. In addition, charges of $49.3 million were recorded related to workforce reductions of 1,169 employees (1,092 of whom were terminated as of December 31, 2007), associated with actions resulting from the reorganization of certain operations and the exiting of certain business activities. These actions include management changes to simplify the management reporting structure and cost structure reductions including the closing of two manufacturing facilities within the U.S. Print and Related Services

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions, except per share data and unless otherwise indicated)—(Continued)

 

segment and two manufacturing facilities within the International segment. In addition, $11.1 million of other restructuring costs, which includes lease terminations in exited facilities, were recorded for the year ended December 31, 2007.

 

2006

   Employee
Terminations
   Other
Charges
   Total
Restructuring-net
   Impairment    Total

U.S. Print and Related Services

   $ 19.7    $ 2.0    $ 21.7    $ 1.9    $ 23.6

International

     12.3      4.1      16.4      138.6      155.0

Corporate

     22.1      5.0      27.1      0.4      27.5
                                  
   $ 54.1    $ 11.1    $ 65.2    $ 140.9    $ 206.1
                                  

In the fourth quarter of 2006, the Company recorded a non-cash charge of $110.0 million to reflect impairment of goodwill in the business process outsourcing reporting unit within the International segment. As part of its annual impairment analysis for this reporting unit, the Company engaged a third-party appraisal firm to assist the Company in its determination of the fair value of the unit, in part based on estimates of future cash flows developed by management. The estimated future cash flows of this reporting unit reflected a reduction in the fair value of the business based on lower near-term profit expectations as a result of lower sales driven by loss of volume and lower prices on significant customers, primarily in the transactional print and mail revenue streams. Because the fair value of the reporting unit was below its carrying amount including goodwill, the Company performed an additional fair value measurement calculation to determine the amount of impairment loss. The Company also used the third-party appraisal firm to assist the Company in its determination of the value of the significant tangible and intangible long-lived assets of the reporting unit as part of this impairment calculation.

For the year ended December 31, 2006, the Company also recorded $30.9 million for impairment of other assets, of which $26.3 million reflects the write-down of the Astron trade name intangible asset, and $4.6 million relates to the impairment of other long-lived assets. In addition, charges of $54.1 million for workforce reductions of 1,396 employees (all of whom were terminated as of December 31, 2007), associated with restructuring actions resulting from the reorganization of certain operations and the exiting of certain business activities and $11.1 million of other restructuring costs primarily related to lease terminations in exited facilities were recorded for the year ended December 31, 2006.

 

2005

   Employee
Terminations
   Other
Charges
   Total
Restructuring
   Impairment    Total

U.S. Print and Related Services

   $ 12.1    $ 7.0    $ 19.1    $ 318.1    $ 337.2

International

     1.6      5.8      7.4      50.3      57.7

Corporate

     2.2      21.0      23.2      1.7      24.9
                                  
   $ 15.9    $ 33.8    $ 49.7    $ 370.1    $ 419.8
                                  

In the fourth quarter of 2005, the Company recorded a non-cash charge of $311.6 million and $50.7 million to reflect impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived trade names in the forms and labels reporting unit within the U.S. Print and Related Services segment and Canadian reporting unit within the International segment, respectively. As part of its annual impairment analysis for these reporting units, the Company engaged a third-party appraisal firm to assist the Company in determining the fair value of the unit, based on estimates of future cash flows developed by management. Sales of forms and labels confronted difficult market trends due to continued electronic substitution of forms and a declining pricing environment, and 2005 results for these reporting units were below expectations. The estimated future cash flows used in the impairment analysis reflected forward revenue and margin expectations for the forms and labels revenue stream, consistent with then current trends. Because the fair value of these reporting units was below its carrying amount including goodwill, the Company performed an additional fair value measurement calculation to determine the amount of impairment loss. The Company also used the third-party appraisal firm to assist in valuing the significant tangible and intangible long-lived assets of the reporting units as part of this impairment calculation.

 

F-15


Table of Contents

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions, except per share data and unless otherwise indicated)—(Continued)

 

For the year ended December 31, 2005, the restructuring charges for employee terminations related to workforce reductions of 500 employees, all of whom were terminated as of December 31, 2007. These workforce reductions are primarily associated with the continuation of 2004 restructuring plans related to the acquisition of Moore Wallace Incorporated and other actions to restructure operations in the segments. Other charges primarily relate to lease termination charges of $27.9 million mainly associated with the relocation of the Company’s corporate headquarters within Chicago, the relocation of a logistics facility in the U.S. Print and Related Services segment and the exiting of a European financial print facility in the International segment. Additional restructuring charges of $5.9 million included employee and equipment relocation costs associated with the Moore Wallace acquisition restructuring plans and other actions to restructure certain operational activities.

Restructuring Costs Capitalized as a Cost of Acquisition

During 2007, the Company recorded $63.7 million of restructuring costs related to employee terminations and other costs in connection with the acquisitions of Banta, Perry Judd’s, Von Hoffmann, and Cardinal Brands. Costs of $55.1 million were for planned workforce reductions of 857 employees (of whom 627 have been terminated as of December 31, 2007) resulting from the elimination of duplicative administrative functions and the planned closure of five operating facilities. Charges of $8.6 million of other restructuring costs include lease terminations in exited facilities.

During 2006 and 2005, the Company recorded $0.8 million and $0.5 million, respectively, of restructuring costs related to employee terminations and other costs in connection with the acquisitions of OfficeTiger, Astron, Poligrafia, Asia Printers and Spencer Press.

Reconciliation of Restructuring Liability

The Company initiated various restructuring actions in 2007, 2006, 2005 and prior years for which restructuring liabilities remain. The reconciliation of the total restructuring liability, including those capitalized as a cost of acquisitions, as of December 31, 2007 is as follows:

 

          Restructuring
Costs, Net
              
     Balance at
January 1, 2007
   Charged to
Results of
Operations
   Capitalized as
a Cost of
Acquisition
   Cash Paid    Balance at
December 31, 2007

Employee terminations

   $ 26.2    $ 49.3    $ 55.1    $ 97.8    $ 32.8

Other

     9.1      11.1      8.6      14.9      13.9
                                  
   $ 35.3    $ 60.4      63.7      112.7    $ 46.7
                                  

The Company anticipates that payments associated with employee terminations will be substantially completed by the end of 2008.

The restructuring liabilities classified as “other” consist of the estimated remaining payments related to lease exit costs and other facility closing costs. Payments on certain of these lease obligations are scheduled to continue until 2017. Market conditions and the Company’s ability to sublease these properties could affect the ultimate charge related to these lease obligations. Any potential recoveries or additional charges could affect amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements of future periods.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions, except per share data and unless otherwise indicated)—(Continued)

 

Note 5. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill at December 31, 2007 and 2006 was as follows:

 

     Book Value at
January 1, 2007
   Acquisitions    Foreign
Exchange
and Other
Adjustments
    Impairment
Charge
    Net Book Value at
December 31, 2007

U.S. Print and Related Services

   $ 1,843.6    $ 705.8    $ (4.9 )   $ —       $ 2,544.5

International

     1,043.2      92.6      20.7       (436.1 )     720.4
                                    
   $ 2,886.8    $ 798.4    $ 15.8     $ (436.1 )   $ 3,264.9
                                    

In the fourth quarter of 2007, the Company recorded a non-cash charge of $436.1 million to reflect impairment of goodwill in the business process outsourcing reporting unit. See Note 4 for further discussion regarding this impairment charge.

 

     Book Value at
January 1, 2006
   Acquisitions    Foreign
Exchange
and Other
Adjustments
    Impairment
Charge
    Net Book Value at
December 31, 2006

U.S. Print and Related Services

   $ 1,862.1    $ —      $ (18.5 )   $ —       $ 1,843.6

International

     888.6      199.2      65.4       (110.0 )     1,043.2
                                    
   $ 2,750.7    $ 199.2    $ 46.9     $ (110.0 )   $ 2,886.8
                                    

In the fourth quarter of 2006, the Company recorded a non-cash charge of $110.0 million to reflect impairment of goodwill in the business process outsourcing reporting unit. See Note 4 for further discussion regarding this impairment charge.

Other intangibles at December 31, 2007 and 2006 were as follows:

 

Other Intangibles

   Gross
Carrying
Amount At
January 1,
2007
   Additions
During
the Year
   Impairment
Charge
    Accumulated
Amortization
and Foreign
Exchange
    Balance at
December 31,
2007
   Weighted
Average
Amortization
Period

Trademarks, licenses and agreements

   $ 21.9    $ —      $ —       $ (21.6 )   $ 0.3    0.9 years

Patents

     98.3      —        —         (46.9 )     51.4    4.2 years

Customer relationship intangibles

     839.0      610.5      —         (209.5 )     1,240.0    10.7 years

Trade names

     38.3      —        (19.0 )     (4.2 )     15.1    32.0 years

Indefinite-lived trade names

     304.7      8.8      (297.1 )     —         16.4    Indefinite
                                       
   $ 1,302.2    $ 619.3    $ (316.1 )   $ (282.2 )   $ 1,323.2   
                                       

 

F-17


Table of Contents

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions, except per share data and unless otherwise indicated)—(Continued)

 

In the second quarter of 2007, the Company recorded a non-cash charge of $316.1 million to reflect the write-off of the Moore Wallace, OfficeTiger and other trade names associated with the Company’s decision in June 2007 to unify most of its printing and related services offerings under the single RR Donnelley brand. See Note 4 for further discussion regarding this impairment charge. Included in trade names at December 31, 2007 was $16.4 million for indefinite-lived trade names that are not subject to amortization.

 

Other Intangibles

   Gross
Carrying
Amount At
January 1,
2006
   Additions
During
the Year
   Impairment
Charge
    Accumulated
Amortization
and Foreign
Exchange
    Balance at
December 31,
2006
   Weighted
Average
Amortization
Period

Trademarks, licenses and agreements

   $ 21.9    $ —      $ —       $ (21.4 )   $ 0.5    1.5 years

Patents

     98.3      —        —         (34.7 )     63.6    5.2 years

Customer relationship intangibles

     795.6      43.4      —         (123.7 )     715.3    12.3 years

Trade names

     42.5      22.9      (26.3 )     (3.4 )     35.7    8.3 years

Indefinite-lived trade names

     304.7      —        —         —         304.7    indefinite
                                       
   $ 1,263.0    $ 66.3    $ (26.3 )   $ (183.2 )   $ 1,119.8   
                                       

In the fourth quarter of 2006, the Company recorded a non-cash charge of $26.3 million to reflect the write-off of the Astron trade name intangible asset. See Note 4 for further discussion regarding this impairment charge. Included in trade names at December 31, 2006 was $304.7 million for indefinite-lived trade names that are not subject to amortization.

Amortization expense for other intangibles was $119.7 million, $73.2 million and $58.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Amortization expense for other intangibles for the next five years is estimated to be approximately $129 million annually for 2008 through 2011, and $117 million for 2012.

Note 6. Inventories

The components of the Company’s inventories at December 31, 2007 and 2006 were as follows:

 

     December 31,  
     2007     2006  

Raw materials and manufacturing supplies

   $ 300.7     $ 229.6  

Work in process

     204.0       135.0  

Finished goods

     272.4       207.5  

LIFO reserve

     (67.6 )     (70.3 )
                

Total

   $ 709.5     $ 501.8  
                

For financial reporting purposes, the Company recognized LIFO expense of $0.4 million, $12.8 million, and $4.7 million in 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.

 

F-18


Table of Contents

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions, except per share data and unless otherwise indicated)—(Continued)

 

Note 7. Property, Plant and Equipment

The components of the Company’s property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2007 and 2006 were as follows:

 

     December 31,  
     2007     2006  

Land

   $ 97.2     $ 70.4  

Buildings

     1,164.9       1,004.4  

Machinery and equipment

     5,826.3       5,103.3  
                
     7,088.4       6,178.1  

Less: Accumulated depreciation

     (4,362.4 )     (4,035.8 )
                

Total

   $ 2,726.0     $ 2,142.3  
                

Assets Held for Sale

Primarily as a result of restructuring actions, certain facilities and equipment are considered held for sale. The net book value of assets held for sale, excluding those classified as discontinued operations, was $11.0 million and $0.9 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. These assets are included in other noncurrent assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at the lower of their historical net book value or their estimated fair value, less estimated costs to sell.

Note 8. Investments in Affordable Housing

The Company has ownership interests in 26 investment level partnerships, which in turn hold varying ownership percentage interests in limited partnerships that invested in affordable housing (properties that met the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) requirements for low-income housing tax credits). The Company’s initial total gross investment in affordable housing was approximately $157.7 million. Under the provisions of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, companies that invested in affordable housing were to receive certain tax credits over a 10-year period, a portion of which was subject to recapture if a company did not retain its investments for a minimum holding period (typically 15 years). These tax credits were provided as a legislative economic incentive to encourage companies to invest in properties dedicated and restricted to lower-income tenants for the 15-year holding period. The Company has the ability and intent to maintain its investments in affordable housing for the qualifying 15-year holding periods, which begin to expire in 2008. The Company’s expected recovery of its investments in affordable housing is based on the future tax credits and tax deductions to be received and the estimated residual value of the properties. Residual value represents what the Company expects to realize upon either sale of the underlying properties or the refinancing of the partnership interests at the end of the requisite holding periods.

Total consolidated assets in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board (“FASB”) interpretation No. 46R (FIN 46R), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, amounted to $16.5 million and $16.8 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, and are included in other noncurrent assets. General partners and creditors of the partnerships have no recourse to the general credit of the Company.

During 2007, 2006 and 2005, the Company recorded non-operating pretax charges of $0.2 million, $17.5 million and $3.4 million, respectively, to adjust the carrying value of its affordable housing investments to estimated fair value based on the results of its impairment analysis. These charges related to non-consolidated investments only and excluded the investments which were consolidated as a result of the adoption of FIN 46R.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions, except per share data and unless otherwise indicated)—(Continued)

 

The reduction in fair value was based on both declining future tax credits (based on tax credits realized to-date) and declines in the estimated residual values for certain of the underlying properties, which were deemed to be other than temporary. The Company’s risk of loss related to the remaining unconsolidated investments in affordable housing is generally limited to the carrying value of these investments. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company’s remaining unconsolidated investments in affordable housing were $13.0 million and $18.3 million, respectively, which were included in other noncurrent assets.

Note 9. Accrued Liabilities

The components of the Company’s accrued liabilities at December 31, 2007 and 2006 were as follows:

 

     December 31,
     2007    2006

Employee-related liabilities

   $ 464.6    $ 320.4

Restructuring liabilities

     43.6      33.7

Deferred revenue

     148.6      128.3

Other

     428.5      356.8
             

Total accrued liabilities

   $ 1,085.3    $ 839.2
             

Employee-related liabilities consist primarily of payroll, incentive compensation, sales commission and employee benefit accruals. Other accrued liabilities include income and other tax liabilities, interest expense accruals and miscellaneous operating accruals.

Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies

As of December 31, 2007, authorized expenditures on incomplete projects for the purchase of property, plant and equipment totaled approximately $127.6 million. Of this total, approximately $90.9 million has been committed. In addition, the Company has a commitment of $32.8 million for severance payments related to restructuring activities. The Company also has contractual commitments of approximately $142.9 million for outsourced services, including technology, professional, maintenance and other services. The Company has a variety of contracts with suppliers for the purchase of paper, ink and other commodities for delivery in future years at prevailing market prices. As of December 31, 2007, the Company was committed to purchase $6.0 million of natural gas under these contracts. There are no significant minimum volume guarantees associated with any other contracts.

Future minimum rental commitments under non-cancelable leases are as follows:

 

Year Ended December 31

   Amount

2008

   $ 146.7

2009

     113.3

2010

     93.5

2011

     71.3

2012 and thereafter

     252.9
      
   $ 677.7
      

The Company has non-cancelable operating lease commitments totaling $677.7 million extending through various periods to 2044. Rent expense was $219.3 million, $134.6 million and $117.4 million in the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Rent expense for 2007 includes reclassifications of expense not

 

F-20


Table of Contents

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions, except per share data and unless otherwise indicated)—(Continued)

 

classified as rent in prior years. This change in classification would have increased the rent expense by $28.8 million in 2006 and $15.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

The Company is not exposed to significant accounts receivable credit risk due to its customer diversity with respect to industry classification, distribution channels and geographic locations.

Litigation

The Company is subject to laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. Expenses associated with environmental remediation obligations are provided for when such amounts are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Such accruals are adjusted as new information develops or circumstances change and are not discounted. The Company has been designated as a potentially responsible party in eleven federal and state Superfund sites. In addition to the Superfund sites, the Company may also have the obligation to remediate six other previously owned facilities and two other currently owned facilities. At the Superfund sites, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act provides that the Company’s liability could be joint and several, meaning that the Company could be required to pay an amount in excess of its proportionate share of the remediation costs. The financial strength of other potentially responsible parties at the Superfund sites and of other liable parties at the previously owned facilities has been considered, where appropriate, in the determination of the Company’s estimated liability. The Company has established reserves, recorded in accrued liabilities, that it believes are adequate to cover its share of the potential costs of remediation at each of the Superfund sites and the previously and currently owned facilities. While it is not possible to quantify with certainty the potential impact of actions regarding environmental matters, particularly remediation and other compliance efforts that the Company may undertake in the future, in the opinion of management, compliance with the present environmental protection laws, before taking into account estimated recoveries from third parties, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated annual results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

From time to time, the Company’s customers and others file voluntary petitions for reorganization under United States bankruptcy laws. In such cases, certain pre-petition payments received by us could be considered preference items and subject to return to the bankruptcy administrator. In addition, the Company may be party to certain litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. Management believes that the final resolution of these preference items and litigation will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated annual results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

Note 11. Retirement Plans

The Company sponsors various funded and unfunded pension plans for most of its full-time employees in the U.S., Canada and certain international locations. The Company also participates in various multi-employer pension plans. Benefits are generally based upon years of service and compensation. These plans are funded in conformity with the applicable government regulations. Most of the Company’s regular full-time U.S. employees become eligible for these benefits at or after reaching age 50 if working for the Company and having 5 years of vested service.

In addition to pension benefits, the Company provides certain healthcare and life insurance benefits for retired employees. Most of the Company’s regular full-time U.S. employees become eligible for these benefits at or after reaching age 55 if working for the Company and having 10 years of continuous service. For employees who began employment with the Company prior to January 1, 2002, the Company subsidizes coverage and funds liabilities associated with these plans through a tax-exempt trust. The assets of the trust are invested in trust-owned life insurance policies covering certain employees of the Company. The underlying assets of the policies are invested primarily in marketable equity, corporate fixed income and government securities.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions, except per share data and unless otherwise indicated)—(Continued)

 

The pension and postretirement obligations are measured as of December 31 for all years presented and are calculated using generally accepted actuarial methods. Actuarial gains and losses are amortized using the corridor method over the average remaining service life of its active employees.

In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans—amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106 and 132(R)” (“SFAS 158”), during the first quarter of 2007, the Company adopted the measurement date provisions which require a fiscal year-end measurement date. Because the Company’s previous measurement date was September 30, 2006, this change required the Company to remeasure the plan assets and retirement obligations at December 31, 2006. As part of this valuation, the Company updated its assumed discount rates. The weighted-average discount rate used to calculate net periodic benefit expense for pension and postretirement benefits was 5.7% and 5.8%, respectively at December 31, 2006 and 5.8% for both pension and postretirement benefits at September 30, 2006. All other assumptions used to calculate net periodic benefit expense remain unchanged from the September 30, 2006 measurement date. The impact of the measurement date change is as follows:

 

     September 30, 2006
Measurement Date
    Effect of Change in
Measurement Date
    December 31, 2006
Measurement Date
 

Prepaid pension cost

   $ 638.6     $ 95.3     $ 733.9  

Accrued pension and postretirement liability

     (460.7 )     4.3       (456.4 )

Deferred income taxes

     (87.8 )     (39.3 )     (127.1 )

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     (43.1 )     (63.7 )     (106.8 )

Retained Earnings

     —         3.4       3.4  

On December 31, 2006, the Company adopted the recognition and disclosure requirements of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R)” (“SFAS 158”).

SFAS 158 requires the Company to recognize the funded status of its postretirement benefit plans in the consolidated statement of financial position at December 31, 2006, with a corresponding adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income. The funded status is the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligation. The adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income at adoption represents the net unrecognized actuarial gains or losses and unrecognized prior service costs. Future actuarial gains or losses that are not recognized as net periodic benefits cost in the same periods will be recognized as a component of other comprehensive income.

The incremental effects of adopting the provisions of SFAS 158 on the Company’s consolidated statement of financial position at December 31, 2006 are presented in the following table. The adoption of SFAS 158 had no effect on the Company’s statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2006, or for any prior period presented, and it will not effect the Company’s operating results in future periods. Prior to Company’s adoption of SFAS 158, it recognized an additional minimum liability of $48.8 million and $40.0 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The amounts recognized in the statement of financial position upon adoption were as follows:

 

     Prior to adopting
SFAS 158
    Effect of adopting
SFAS 158
    As reported at
December 31, 2006
 

Pension asset

   $ 520.3     $ 118.3     $ 638.6  

Intangible asset

     1.3       (1.3 )     —    

Accrued pension and postretirement liability

     (470.2 )     9.5       (460.7 )

Deferred tax liabilities

     (32.6 )     (55.2 )     (87.8 )

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     28.2       (71.3 )     (43.1 )

 

F-22


Table of Contents

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions, except per share data and unless otherwise indicated)—(Continued)

 

The components of the net periodic benefit expense and total expense are as follows:

 

     Pension Benefits     Postretirement Benefits  
     2007     2006     2005     2007     2006     2005  

Service cost

   $ 93.1     $ 80.6     $ 76.6     $ 12.6     $ 12.1     $ 11.4  

Interest cost

     153.2       131.3       129.9       29.1       28.1       30.6  

Expected return on plan assets

     (243.4 )     (207.0 )     (198.4 )     (15.2 )     (15.9 )     (18.5 )

Amortization of transition obligation

     —         —         (10.2 )     —         —         —    

Amortization of prior service credit

     (7.3 )     (7.4 )     (7.3 )     (14.6 )     (15.8 )     (17.0 )

Amortization of actuarial loss

     3.8       11.3       10.4       5.5       5.1       4.2  
                                                

Net periodic benefit expense (income)

     (0.6 )     8.8       1.0       17.4       13.6       10.7  

Curtailments

     (5.2 )     —         —         —         —         —    

Special termination benefit cost

     0.6       —         —         —         —         —    

Settlements

     —         0.1       1.0       —         —         —    
                                                

Total expense (income)

   $ (5.2 )   $ 8.9     $ 2.0     $ 17.4     $ 13.6     $ 10.7  
                                                

Weighted average assumption used to calculate net periodic benefit expense:

            

Discount rate

     5.7 %     5.6 %     6.0 %     5.8 %     5.7 %     6.0 %

Rate of compensation increase

     4.0 %     4.0 %     4.0 %     4.0 %     4.0 %     4.0 %

Expected return on plan assets

     8.4 %     8.3 %     8.4 %     7.6 %     8.0 %     8.0 %

The following provides a reconciliation of the benefit obligation, plan assets and the funded status of the pension and postretirement plans as of December 31, 2007 and 2006:

 

     Pension Benefits     Postretirement Benefits  
     2007     2006     2007     2006  

Benefit obligation at beginning of year

   $ 2,461.1     $ 2,370.3     $ 519.0     $ 541.6  

SFAS 158 measurement date adjustment

     39.6       —         2.5       —    

Service cost

     93.1       80.6       12.6       12.1  

Interest cost

     153.2       131.3       29.1       28.1  

Plan participants’ contributions

     1.9       1.6       20.0       18.1  

Medicare reimbursements

     —         —         3.9       2.1  

Acquisitions

     199.8       —         4.3       —    

Amendments

     31.3       —         —         —    

Actuarial gain

     (168.0 )     (20.7 )     (46.8 )     (23.9 )

Curtailments and settlements

     (4.5 )     —         —         —    

Special termination benefits

     0.6       —         —         —    

Foreign currency translation

     31.1       27.4       6.0       —    

Benefits paid

     (136.8 )     (129.4 )     (50.4 )     (59.1 )
                                

Benefit obligation at end of year

   $ 2,702.4     $ 2,461.1     $ 500.2     $ 519.0  
                                

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year

   $ 2,940.9     $ 2,756.1     $ 217.1     $ 220.7  

SFAS 158 measurement adjustment

     137.8       —         4.1       —    

Actual return on assets

     181.5       264.0       20.8       18.4  

Acquisitions

     211.9       —         —         —    

Employer contributions

     19.7       24.8       20.4       19.0  

Plan participants’ contributions

     1.9       1.6       20.0       18.1  

Foreign currency translation

     27.7       23.8       —         —    

Benefits paid

     (136.8 )     (129.4 )     (50.4 )     (59.1 )
                                

Fair value of plan assets at end of year

   $ 3,384.6     $ 2,940.9     $ 232.0     $ 217.1  
                                

Funded status at end of year

   $ 682.2     $ 479.8     $ (268.2 )   $ (301.9 )
                                

 

F-23


Table of Contents

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions, except per share data and unless otherwise indicated)—(Continued)

 

The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit pension plans was $2,617.0 million and $2,405.3 million at December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2006, respectively.

Amounts recognized on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 are reflected in the following table. No plan assets are expected to be returned to the Company during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008.

 

     Pension Benefits     Postretirement Benefits  
     2007     2006     2007     2006  

Prepaid pension cost

   $ 833.2     $ 638.6     $ —       $ —    

Accrued benefit cost (included in accrued liabilities)

     (22.1 )     (3.7 )     (20.3 )     (13.9 )

Accrued benefit cost (included in other noncurrent liabilities)

     (128.9 )     (155.1 )     —         —    

Postretirement liability

     —         —         (247.9 )     (288.0 )
                                

Net asset (liability) recognized in the consolidated balance sheet

   $ 682.2     $ 479.8     $ (268.2 )   $ (301.9 )
                                

The amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income on the balance sheet, excluding tax effects, that have not yet been recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost at December 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:

 

     Pension Benefits     Postretirement Benefits  
     2007     2006     2007     2006  

Accumulated other comprehensive income

        

Net actuarial loss (gain)

   $ (167.9 )   $ 49.1     $ (6.5 )   $ 57.2  

Net prior service credit

     (58.9 )     (99.5 )     (67.8 )     (86.0 )
                                

Total

   $ (226.8 )   $ (50.4 )   $ (74.3 )   $